02 Julius Caesar Part 2 - Caesar And Pompey

history of Julius Caesar by Jacob Abbott history of Julius Caesar by Jacob Abbott chapter 5 chapter 5 chapter 5 Pompei while Caesar had thus been rising Pompei while Caesar had thus been rising Pompei while Caesar had thus been rising to so high an elevation there was to so high an elevation there was to so high an elevation there was another Roman general who had been for another Roman general who had been for another Roman general who had been for nearly the same period engaged in nearly the same period engaged in nearly the same period engaged in various other quarters of the world in various other quarters of the world in various other quarters of the world in acquiring by very similar means an acquiring by very similar means an acquiring by very similar means an almost equal Renown this General was almost equal Renown this General was almost equal Renown this General was Pompei he became in the end Caesar's Pompei he became in the end Caesar's Pompei he became in the end Caesar's great and formidable rival in order that great and formidable rival in order that great and formidable rival in order that the reader May understand clearly the the reader May understand clearly the the reader May understand clearly the nature of the great contest which sprung nature of the great contest which sprung nature of the great contest which sprung up at last between these Heroes we must up at last between these Heroes we must up at last between these Heroes we must now go back and relate some of the now go back and relate some of the now go back and relate some of the particulars of pompei's individual particulars of pompei's individual particulars of pompei's individual history down to the time of the history down to the time of the history down to the time of the completion of Caesar's conquests in completion of Caesar's conquests in completion of Caesar's conquests in Gaul pompe was a few years older than Gaul pompe was a few years older than Gaul pompe was a few years older than Caesar having been born in 106 BC his Caesar having been born in 106 BC his Caesar having been born in 106 BC his father was a Roman general and the young father was a Roman general and the young father was a Roman general and the young Pompei was brought up in Camp he was a Pompei was brought up in Camp he was a Pompei was brought up in Camp he was a young man of very handsome figure and young man of very handsome figure and young man of very handsome figure and countenance and a very agreeable manners countenance and a very agreeable manners countenance and a very agreeable manners his hair curled slightly over his his hair curled slightly over his his hair curled slightly over his forehead head and he had a dark and forehead head and he had a dark and forehead head and he had a dark and intelligent eye full of vivacity and intelligent eye full of vivacity and intelligent eye full of vivacity and meaning there was besides in the meaning there was besides in the meaning there was besides in the expression of his face and in his Heir expression of his face and in his Heir expression of his face and in his Heir and address a certain Indescribable and address a certain Indescribable and address a certain Indescribable charm which prepossessed everyone charm which prepossessed everyone charm which prepossessed everyone strongly in his favor and gave him from strongly in his favor and gave him from strongly in his favor and gave him from his earliest years a great personal his earliest years a great personal his earliest years a great personal ascendancy over all who knew him not ascendancy over all who knew him not ascendancy over all who knew him not withstanding this popularity however withstanding this popularity however withstanding this popularity however Pompei did not Escape even in very early Pompei did not Escape even in very early Pompei did not Escape even in very early life incurring his share of the dangers life incurring his share of the dangers life incurring his share of the dangers which seemed to Environ the path of which seemed to Environ the path of which seemed to Environ the path of every public man in those distraction at every public man in those distraction at every public man in those distraction at times it will be recollected that in the times it will be recollected that in the times it will be recollected that in the contests between Marius and Sila Caesar

contests between Marius and Sila Caesar contests between Marius and Sila Caesar had joined the Maran faction pompei's had joined the Maran faction pompei's had joined the Maran faction pompei's father on the other hand had connected father on the other hand had connected father on the other hand had connected himself with that of Sila at one time in himself with that of Sila at one time in himself with that of Sila at one time in the midst of these wars when Pompei was the midst of these wars when Pompei was the midst of these wars when Pompei was very young a conspiracy was formed to very young a conspiracy was formed to very young a conspiracy was formed to assassinate his father by burning him in assassinate his father by burning him in assassinate his father by burning him in his tent and pompei's comrade named his tent and pompei's comrade named his tent and pompei's comrade named terentius who slept in the same tent terentius who slept in the same tent terentius who slept in the same tent with him had been bribed to kill Pompei with him had been bribed to kill Pompei with him had been bribed to kill Pompei himself at the same time by stabbing him himself at the same time by stabbing him himself at the same time by stabbing him in his bed Pompei contrived to discover in his bed Pompei contrived to discover in his bed Pompei contrived to discover this plan but instead of being At All this plan but instead of being At All this plan but instead of being At All discomposed by it he made arrangements discomposed by it he made arrangements discomposed by it he made arrangements for a guard about his father's tent and for a guard about his father's tent and for a guard about his father's tent and then went to supper as usual with then went to supper as usual with then went to supper as usual with terentius conversing with him all the terentius conversing with him all the terentius conversing with him all the time in even a more free and friendly time in even a more free and friendly time in even a more free and friendly manner than usual that night he arranged manner than usual that night he arranged manner than usual that night he arranged his bed so as to make it appear as if he his bed so as to make it appear as if he his bed so as to make it appear as if he was in it and then stole away when the was in it and then stole away when the was in it and then stole away when the appointed hour arrived terentius came appointed hour arrived terentius came appointed hour arrived terentius came into the tent and approaching the couch into the tent and approaching the couch into the tent and approaching the couch where he supposed Pompei was lying where he supposed Pompei was lying where he supposed Pompei was lying asleep stabbed it again and again asleep stabbed it again and again asleep stabbed it again and again piercing the coverlets in many places piercing the coverlets in many places piercing the coverlets in many places but doing no harm of course to his but doing no harm of course to his but doing no harm of course to his intended victim in the course of the intended victim in the course of the intended victim in the course of the wars between Marius and Sila Pompei wars between Marius and Sila Pompei wars between Marius and Sila Pompei passed through a great variety of scenes passed through a great variety of scenes passed through a great variety of scenes and met with many extraordinary and met with many extraordinary and met with many extraordinary adventures and narrow escapes which adventures and narrow escapes which adventures and narrow escapes which however cannot be here particularly however cannot be here particularly however cannot be here particularly detailed his father who was as much detailed his father who was as much detailed his father who was as much hated by his soldiers as the son was hated by his soldiers as the son was hated by his soldiers as the son was beloved was at last one day struck by beloved was at last one day struck by beloved was at last one day struck by lightning in his tent the soldiers were lightning in his tent the soldiers were lightning in his tent the soldiers were inspired with such a hatred for his inspired with such a hatred for his inspired with such a hatred for his memory in consequence probably of the memory in consequence probably of the memory in consequence probably of the cruelties and oppressions which they had cruelties and oppressions which they had cruelties and oppressions which they had suffered from him that they would not suffered from him that they would not suffered from him that they would not allow his body to be honored with the

allow his body to be honored with the allow his body to be honored with the ordinary funeral obsequies they pulled ordinary funeral obsequies they pulled ordinary funeral obsequies they pulled it off from the beer on which it was to it off from the beer on which it was to it off from the beer on which it was to have been born to the funeral pile and have been born to the funeral pile and have been born to the funeral pile and dragged it ignominiously away pom's dragged it ignominiously away pom's dragged it ignominiously away pom's father was accused too after his death father was accused too after his death father was accused too after his death of having converted some public monies of having converted some public monies of having converted some public monies which had been committed to his charge which had been committed to his charge which had been committed to his charge to his own use and Pompei appeared in to his own use and Pompei appeared in to his own use and Pompei appeared in the Roman Forum as an advocate to defend the Roman Forum as an advocate to defend the Roman Forum as an advocate to defend him from the charge and to vindicate his him from the charge and to vindicate his him from the charge and to vindicate his memory he was very successful in this memory he was very successful in this memory he was very successful in this defense all who heard it were in the defense all who heard it were in the defense all who heard it were in the first instance very deeply interested in first instance very deeply interested in first instance very deeply interested in favor of the speaker on account of his favor of the speaker on account of his favor of the speaker on account of his extreme Youth and his personal Beauty extreme Youth and his personal Beauty extreme Youth and his personal Beauty and as he proceeded with his plea he and as he proceeded with his plea he and as he proceeded with his plea he argued with so much eloquence and power argued with so much eloquence and power argued with so much eloquence and power as to win Universal Applause one of the as to win Universal Applause one of the as to win Universal Applause one of the chief officers of the government in the chief officers of the government in the chief officers of the government in the city was so much pleased with his city was so much pleased with his city was so much pleased with his appearance and with the promise of appearance and with the promise of appearance and with the promise of future greatness which the circumstances future greatness which the circumstances future greatness which the circumstances indicated that he offered him his indicated that he offered him his indicated that he offered him his daughter in marriage Pompei accepted the daughter in marriage Pompei accepted the daughter in marriage Pompei accepted the offer and married the lady her name was offer and married the lady her name was offer and married the lady her name was antia Pompei Rose rapidly to higher and antia Pompei Rose rapidly to higher and antia Pompei Rose rapidly to higher and higher degrees of Distinction until he higher degrees of Distinction until he higher degrees of Distinction until he obtained the command of an army which he obtained the command of an army which he obtained the command of an army which he had in fact in a great measure raised had in fact in a great measure raised had in fact in a great measure raised and organized himself and he fought at and organized himself and he fought at and organized himself and he fought at the head of it with great energy and the head of it with great energy and the head of it with great energy and success against the enemies of Sila at success against the enemies of Sila at success against the enemies of Sila at length he was hemmed in on the eastern length he was hemmed in on the eastern length he was hemmed in on the eastern coast of Italy by three separate armies coast of Italy by three separate armies coast of Italy by three separate armies which were gradually advancing against which were gradually advancing against which were gradually advancing against him with a certainty as they thought of him with a certainty as they thought of him with a certainty as they thought of affecting his destruction Sila hearing affecting his destruction Sila hearing affecting his destruction Sila hearing of Pomp's Danger made great efforts to of Pomp's Danger made great efforts to of Pomp's Danger made great efforts to marched to his rescue before he reached marched to his rescue before he reached marched to his rescue before he reached the place however Pompei had met and the place however Pompei had met and the place however Pompei had met and defeated one after another of the armies defeated one after another of the armies defeated one after another of the armies of his enemies so that when Sila

of his enemies so that when Sila of his enemies so that when Sila approached Pompei marched out to meet approached Pompei marched out to meet approached Pompei marched out to meet him with his army drawn up in him with his army drawn up in him with his army drawn up in magnificent array trumpets sounding and magnificent array trumpets sounding and magnificent array trumpets sounding and Banners flying and with large bodies of Banners flying and with large bodies of Banners flying and with large bodies of disarmed troops the prisoners that he disarmed troops the prisoners that he disarmed troops the prisoners that he had taken in the rear Sila was struck had taken in the rear Sila was struck had taken in the rear Sila was struck with surprise and admiration and when with surprise and admiration and when with surprise and admiration and when Pompei saluted him with the title of Pompei saluted him with the title of Pompei saluted him with the title of imperator which was the highest title imperator which was the highest title imperator which was the highest title known to the Roman Constitution and the known to the Roman Constitution and the known to the Roman Constitution and the one which Sila's lofty rank and one which Sila's lofty rank and one which Sila's lofty rank and unbounded power might properly claim unbounded power might properly claim unbounded power might properly claim Sila returned the compliment by Sila returned the compliment by Sila returned the compliment by conferring this great Mark of conferring this great Mark of conferring this great Mark of Distinction on him Pompei proceeded to Distinction on him Pompei proceeded to Distinction on him Pompei proceeded to Rome and the fame of his exploits the Rome and the fame of his exploits the Rome and the fame of his exploits the singular fascination of his person and singular fascination of his person and singular fascination of his person and manners and the great favor with Silla manners and the great favor with Silla manners and the great favor with Silla that he enjoyed raised him to a high that he enjoyed raised him to a high that he enjoyed raised him to a high degree of Distinction he was not however degree of Distinction he was not however degree of Distinction he was not however elated with the pride and vanity which elated with the pride and vanity which elated with the pride and vanity which so young a man would be naturally so young a man would be naturally so young a man would be naturally expected to exhibit under such expected to exhibit under such expected to exhibit under such circumstances he was on the contrary circumstances he was on the contrary circumstances he was on the contrary modest and unassuming and he acted in modest and unassuming and he acted in modest and unassuming and he acted in all respects in such a manner as to gain all respects in such a manner as to gain all respects in such a manner as to gain the approbation and the kind regard of the approbation and the kind regard of the approbation and the kind regard of all who knew him as well as to excite all who knew him as well as to excite all who knew him as well as to excite their Applause there was an old General their Applause there was an old General their Applause there was an old General at this time in Gul for all these events at this time in Gul for all these events at this time in Gul for all these events took place long before the time of took place long before the time of took place long before the time of Caesar's campaigns in that country and Caesar's campaigns in that country and Caesar's campaigns in that country and in fact before the commencement of his in fact before the commencement of his in fact before the commencement of his successful career in Rome whose name was successful career in Rome whose name was successful career in Rome whose name was metalis and who either on account of his metalis and who either on account of his metalis and who either on account of his advancing age or for some other reason advancing age or for some other reason advancing age or for some other reason was very inefficient and unsuccessful in was very inefficient and unsuccessful in was very inefficient and unsuccessful in his government his government his government Sila proposed to supersede him by Sila proposed to supersede him by Sila proposed to supersede him by sending Pompei to take his place Pompei sending Pompei to take his place Pompei sending Pompei to take his place Pompei replied that it was not right to take replied that it was not right to take replied that it was not right to take the command from a man who was so much

the command from a man who was so much the command from a man who was so much his Superior in age and character but his Superior in age and character but his Superior in age and character but that if metalis wished for his that if metalis wished for his that if metalis wished for his assistance in the management of his assistance in the management of his assistance in the management of his command he would proceed to Gul and command he would proceed to Gul and command he would proceed to Gul and render him every service in his power render him every service in his power render him every service in his power when this answer was reported to metalis when this answer was reported to metalis when this answer was reported to metalis he wrote to Pompei to come pompe he wrote to Pompei to come pompe he wrote to Pompei to come pompe accordingly went to Gaul where he accordingly went to Gaul where he accordingly went to Gaul where he obtained new victories and gained new obtained new victories and gained new obtained new victories and gained new and higher honors than before and higher honors than before and higher honors than before these and various anecdotes which the these and various anecdotes which the these and various anecdotes which the ancient historians relate would lead us ancient historians relate would lead us ancient historians relate would lead us to form very favorable ideas of pompei's to form very favorable ideas of pompei's to form very favorable ideas of pompei's character some other circumstances character some other circumstances character some other circumstances however which occurred seemed to furnish however which occurred seemed to furnish however which occurred seemed to furnish different indications for example on his different indications for example on his different indications for example on his return to Rome sometime after the events return to Rome sometime after the events return to Rome sometime after the events above related Sila whose estimation of above related Sila whose estimation of above related Sila whose estimation of pompei's character and of the importance pompei's character and of the importance pompei's character and of the importance of his Services seemed continually to of his Services seemed continually to of his Services seemed continually to increase wished to connect him with his increase wished to connect him with his increase wished to connect him with his own family by marriage he accordingly own family by marriage he accordingly own family by marriage he accordingly proposed that Pompei should divorce his proposed that Pompei should divorce his proposed that Pompei should divorce his wife antia and Mary Amelia the wife antia and Mary Amelia the wife antia and Mary Amelia the daughter-in-law of Sila Amelia was daughter-in-law of Sila Amelia was daughter-in-law of Sila Amelia was already the wife of another man from already the wife of another man from already the wife of another man from whom she would have to be taken away to whom she would have to be taken away to whom she would have to be taken away to make her the wife of Pompei this however make her the wife of Pompei this however make her the wife of Pompei this however does not seem to have been thought of does not seem to have been thought of does not seem to have been thought of very serious difficulty in the way of very serious difficulty in the way of very serious difficulty in the way of the arrangement Pomp's wife was put away the arrangement Pomp's wife was put away the arrangement Pomp's wife was put away and the wife of another man taken in her and the wife of another man taken in her and the wife of another man taken in her place such a deed was a gross violation place such a deed was a gross violation place such a deed was a gross violation not merely of revealed and written law not merely of revealed and written law not merely of revealed and written law but of those Universal instincts of but of those Universal instincts of but of those Universal instincts of right and wrong which are implanted right and wrong which are implanted right and wrong which are implanted indelibly in all human hearts it ended indelibly in all human hearts it ended indelibly in all human hearts it ended as might have been expected most as might have been expected most as might have been expected most disastrously and Tisha was plunged of disastrously and Tisha was plunged of disastrously and Tisha was plunged of course into the deepest distress her course into the deepest distress her course into the deepest distress her father had recently lost his life on

father had recently lost his life on father had recently lost his life on account of his supposed attachment to account of his supposed attachment to account of his supposed attachment to Pompei her mother killed herself in the Pompei her mother killed herself in the Pompei her mother killed herself in the anguish and despair produced by the anguish and despair produced by the anguish and despair produced by the misfortunes of her family and Amelia the misfortunes of her family and Amelia the misfortunes of her family and Amelia the new wife died suddenly on the occasion new wife died suddenly on the occasion new wife died suddenly on the occasion of the birth of a child a very short of the birth of a child a very short of the birth of a child a very short time after her marriage with time after her marriage with time after her marriage with Pompei these domestic troubles did not Pompei these domestic troubles did not Pompei these domestic troubles did not however interpose any serious obstacle however interpose any serious obstacle however interpose any serious obstacle to pompei's progress in his career of to pompei's progress in his career of to pompei's progress in his career of greatness and Glory Sila sent him on one greatness and Glory Sila sent him on one greatness and Glory Sila sent him on one great Enterprise after another in all of great Enterprise after another in all of great Enterprise after another in all of which Pompei acquitted himself in an which Pompei acquitted himself in an which Pompei acquitted himself in an admirable manner among his other admirable manner among his other admirable manner among his other campaigns he served for some time in campaigns he served for some time in campaigns he served for some time in Africa with great success he returned in Africa with great success he returned in Africa with great success he returned in due time from this Expedition loaded due time from this Expedition loaded due time from this Expedition loaded with military honors his soldiers had with military honors his soldiers had with military honors his soldiers had become so much attached to him that become so much attached to him that become so much attached to him that there was almost a mutiny in the Army there was almost a mutiny in the Army there was almost a mutiny in the Army when he was ordered home they were when he was ordered home they were when he was ordered home they were determined to submit to No Authority but determined to submit to No Authority but determined to submit to No Authority but that of pompe that of pompe that of pompe Pompei at length succeeded by great Pompei at length succeeded by great Pompei at length succeeded by great efforts in subduing this spirit and efforts in subduing this spirit and efforts in subduing this spirit and bringing back the Army to their Duty a bringing back the Army to their Duty a bringing back the Army to their Duty a false account of the affair however went false account of the affair however went false account of the affair however went to Rome it was reported to Sila that to Rome it was reported to Sila that to Rome it was reported to Sila that there was a Revolt in the army of Africa there was a Revolt in the army of Africa there was a Revolt in the army of Africa headed by Pompei himself who was headed by Pompei himself who was headed by Pompei himself who was determined not to resign his command determined not to resign his command determined not to resign his command Sila was at first very indignant that Sila was at first very indignant that Sila was at first very indignant that his authority should be despised and his his authority should be despised and his his authority should be despised and his power braved as he expressed it bye such power braved as he expressed it bye such power braved as he expressed it bye such a boy end quot for Pompei was still at a boy end quot for Pompei was still at a boy end quot for Pompei was still at this time very young when however he this time very young when however he this time very young when however he learned the truth he conceived a higher learned the truth he conceived a higher learned the truth he conceived a higher admiration for the young General than admiration for the young General than admiration for the young General than ever he went out to meet him as he ever he went out to meet him as he ever he went out to meet him as he approached the city and in a costing him approached the city and in a costing him approached the city and in a costing him he called him Pompei the great Pompei

he called him Pompei the great Pompei he called him Pompei the great Pompei has continued to Bear the title thus has continued to Bear the title thus has continued to Bear the title thus given him to the present day Pompei given him to the present day Pompei given him to the present day Pompei began it seems now to experience in some began it seems now to experience in some began it seems now to experience in some degree the usual effects produced upon degree the usual effects produced upon degree the usual effects produced upon the human heart by celebrity and praise the human heart by celebrity and praise the human heart by celebrity and praise he demanded a Triumph a Triumph was a he demanded a Triumph a Triumph was a he demanded a Triumph a Triumph was a great and Splendid ceremony by which great and Splendid ceremony by which great and Splendid ceremony by which Victorious generals who were of advanced Victorious generals who were of advanced Victorious generals who were of advanced age and high civil or military rank were age and high civil or military rank were age and high civil or military rank were received into the city when returning received into the city when returning received into the city when returning from any specially glorious campaign from any specially glorious campaign from any specially glorious campaign there was a grand procession formed on there was a grand procession formed on there was a grand procession formed on these occasions in which various emblems these occasions in which various emblems these occasions in which various emblems and Insignia and trophies of Victory and and Insignia and trophies of Victory and and Insignia and trophies of Victory and captives taken by the Conqueror were captives taken by the Conqueror were captives taken by the Conqueror were displayed this great procession entered displayed this great procession entered displayed this great procession entered the city with bands of Music the city with bands of Music the city with bands of Music accompanying it and flags and Banners accompanying it and flags and Banners accompanying it and flags and Banners flying passing under triumphal arches flying passing under triumphal arches flying passing under triumphal arches erected along the way triumphs were erected along the way triumphs were erected along the way triumphs were usually decreed by a vote of the senate usually decreed by a vote of the senate usually decreed by a vote of the senate in case is where they were deserved but in case is where they were deserved but in case is where they were deserved but in this case Sila's power as dictator in this case Sila's power as dictator in this case Sila's power as dictator was Supreme and pompei's demand for a was Supreme and pompei's demand for a was Supreme and pompei's demand for a Triumph seems to have been addressed Triumph seems to have been addressed Triumph seems to have been addressed accordingly to him Siller refused it accordingly to him Siller refused it accordingly to him Siller refused it pompei's performances in the African pompei's performances in the African pompei's performances in the African campaign had been he admitted very campaign had been he admitted very campaign had been he admitted very creditable to him but he had neither the creditable to him but he had neither the creditable to him but he had neither the age nor the rank to justify the granting age nor the rank to justify the granting age nor the rank to justify the granting him a Triumph to bestow such an honor him a Triumph to bestow such an honor him a Triumph to bestow such an honor upon one so young and in such a station upon one so young and in such a station upon one so young and in such a station would only bring the honor itself he would only bring the honor itself he would only bring the honor itself he said into disrepute and degrade also his said into disrepute and degrade also his said into disrepute and degrade also his dictatorship for suffering it to this dictatorship for suffering it to this dictatorship for suffering it to this Pompei replied speaking however in an Pompei replied speaking however in an Pompei replied speaking however in an undertone to those around him in the undertone to those around him in the undertone to those around him in the assembly that Sila need not fear that assembly that Sila need not fear that assembly that Sila need not fear that the Triumph would be unpopular for the Triumph would be unpopular for the Triumph would be unpopular for people were much more disposed to

people were much more disposed to people were much more disposed to worship a rising than a Setting Sun Sila worship a rising than a Setting Sun Sila worship a rising than a Setting Sun Sila did not hear this remark but perceiving did not hear this remark but perceiving did not hear this remark but perceiving by the countenances of the bystanders by the countenances of the bystanders by the countenances of the bystanders that Pompei had said something which that Pompei had said something which that Pompei had said something which seemed to please them he asked what it seemed to please them he asked what it seemed to please them he asked what it was when the remark was repeated to him was when the remark was repeated to him was when the remark was repeated to him he seemed pleased himself with its he seemed pleased himself with its he seemed pleased himself with its justness or with its wit and said let justness or with its wit and said let justness or with its wit and said let him have his him have his him have his Triumph the arrangements were Triumph the arrangements were Triumph the arrangements were accordingly made Pompei ordering accordingly made Pompei ordering accordingly made Pompei ordering everything necessary to be prepared for everything necessary to be prepared for everything necessary to be prepared for a most magnificent procession he learned a most magnificent procession he learned a most magnificent procession he learned that some persons in the city envious at that some persons in the city envious at that some persons in the city envious at his early Renown were displeased with his early Renown were displeased with his early Renown were displeased with his Triumph This only awakened in him a his Triumph This only awakened in him a his Triumph This only awakened in him a determination to make it still more determination to make it still more determination to make it still more Splendid and imposing he had brought Splendid and imposing he had brought Splendid and imposing he had brought some elephants with him from Africa and some elephants with him from Africa and some elephants with him from Africa and he formed a plan for having the car in he formed a plan for having the car in he formed a plan for having the car in which he was to ride in the procession which he was to ride in the procession which he was to ride in the procession drawn by four of these huge beasts as it drawn by four of these huge beasts as it drawn by four of these huge beasts as it entered the city but on measuring the entered the city but on measuring the entered the city but on measuring the gate it was found not wide enough to gate it was found not wide enough to gate it was found not wide enough to admit such a team and the plan was admit such a team and the plan was admit such a team and the plan was accordingly abandoned the conqueror's accordingly abandoned the conqueror's accordingly abandoned the conqueror's car was drawn by horses in the usual car was drawn by horses in the usual car was drawn by horses in the usual Manner and the elephants followed singly Manner and the elephants followed singly Manner and the elephants followed singly with the other trophies to Grace the with the other trophies to Grace the with the other trophies to Grace the train Pompei remained some time after train Pompei remained some time after train Pompei remained some time after this in Rome sustaining from time to this in Rome sustaining from time to this in Rome sustaining from time to time various offices of dignity and time various offices of dignity and time various offices of dignity and honor his Services were often called for honor his Services were often called for honor his Services were often called for to plead causes in the Forum and he to plead causes in the Forum and he to plead causes in the Forum and he performed this Duty whenever he performed this Duty whenever he performed this Duty whenever he undertook took it with great success he undertook took it with great success he undertook took it with great success he however seemed generally inclined to however seemed generally inclined to however seemed generally inclined to retire somewhat from intimate retire somewhat from intimate retire somewhat from intimate intercourse with the mass of the intercourse with the mass of the intercourse with the mass of the community knowing very well that if he community knowing very well that if he community knowing very well that if he was engaged often in the discussion of was engaged often in the discussion of was engaged often in the discussion of common questions with ordinary men he

common questions with ordinary men he common questions with ordinary men he should soon descend in public estimation should soon descend in public estimation should soon descend in public estimation from the high position to which his from the high position to which his from the high position to which his military Renown had raised him he military Renown had raised him he military Renown had raised him he accordingly accustomed himself to appear accordingly accustomed himself to appear accordingly accustomed himself to appear but little in public and when he did so but little in public and when he did so but little in public and when he did so appear he was generally accompanied by a appear he was generally accompanied by a appear he was generally accompanied by a large retinue of armed attendants at the large retinue of armed attendants at the large retinue of armed attendants at the head of which he moved about the city in head of which he moved about the city in head of which he moved about the city in great state more like a Victorious great state more like a Victorious great state more like a Victorious General in a conquered Province than General in a conquered Province than General in a conquered Province than like a peaceful citizen exercising like a peaceful citizen exercising like a peaceful citizen exercising ordinary official functions in a ordinary official functions in a ordinary official functions in a community governed by law this was a community governed by law this was a community governed by law this was a very sagacious course so far as very sagacious course so far as very sagacious course so far as concerned the attainment of the great concerned the attainment of the great concerned the attainment of the great objects of future ambition Pompei knew objects of future ambition Pompei knew objects of future ambition Pompei knew very well that occasions would probably very well that occasions would probably very well that occasions would probably arise in which he could act far more arise in which he could act far more arise in which he could act far more effectually for the promotion of his own effectually for the promotion of his own effectually for the promotion of his own greatness and fame than by mingling in greatness and fame than by mingling in greatness and fame than by mingling in the ordinary Municipal contests of the the ordinary Municipal contests of the the ordinary Municipal contests of the city at length in in fact an occasion city at length in in fact an occasion city at length in in fact an occasion came in the year BC 67 which was about came in the year BC 67 which was about came in the year BC 67 which was about the time that Caesar commenced his the time that Caesar commenced his the time that Caesar commenced his successful career in Rising to public successful career in Rising to public successful career in Rising to public office in Rome as is described in the office in Rome as is described in the office in Rome as is described in the third chapter of this volume the cian third chapter of this volume the cian third chapter of this volume the cian Pirates of whose desperate character and Pirates of whose desperate character and Pirates of whose desperate character and bold exploits something has already been bold exploits something has already been bold exploits something has already been said had become so powerful and were said had become so powerful and were said had become so powerful and were increasing so rapidly in the extent of increasing so rapidly in the extent of increasing so rapidly in the extent of their depredations that the Roman people their depredations that the Roman people their depredations that the Roman people felt compelled to adopt some very felt compelled to adopt some very felt compelled to adopt some very vigorous measures for suppressing them vigorous measures for suppressing them vigorous measures for suppressing them the Pirates had increased in numbers the Pirates had increased in numbers the Pirates had increased in numbers during the wars between Marius and Sila during the wars between Marius and Sila during the wars between Marius and Sila in a very alarming degree they had built in a very alarming degree they had built in a very alarming degree they had built equipped and organized whole fleets they equipped and organized whole fleets they equipped and organized whole fleets they had various fortresses arsenals ports had various fortresses arsenals ports had various fortresses arsenals ports and watchtowers all along the coasts of and watchtowers all along the coasts of and watchtowers all along the coasts of the Mediterranean they had also

the Mediterranean they had also the Mediterranean they had also extensive warehouses built in secure and extensive warehouses built in secure and extensive warehouses built in secure and secluded places where they stored their secluded places where they stored their secluded places where they stored their plunder their fleets were well-manned plunder their fleets were well-manned plunder their fleets were well-manned and provided with skillful pilots and and provided with skillful pilots and and provided with skillful pilots and with ample supplies of every kind and with ample supplies of every kind and with ample supplies of every kind and they were so well constructed both for they were so well constructed both for they were so well constructed both for Speed and safety that no other ships Speed and safety that no other ships Speed and safety that no other ships could be made to surpass them many of could be made to surpass them many of could be made to surpass them many of them too were adorned and decorated in them too were adorned and decorated in them too were adorned and decorated in the most Sumptuous manner with gilded the most Sumptuous manner with gilded the most Sumptuous manner with gilded Sterns purple awnings and silver mounted Sterns purple awnings and silver mounted Sterns purple awnings and silver mounted ores the number of their galys was said ores the number of their galys was said ores the number of their galys was said to be a thousand with this Force they to be a thousand with this Force they to be a thousand with this Force they made themselves almost complete masters made themselves almost complete masters made themselves almost complete masters of the sea they attacked not only of the sea they attacked not only of the sea they attacked not only separate ships but whole fleets of separate ships but whole fleets of separate ships but whole fleets of merchantmen sailing under Convoy and merchantmen sailing under Convoy and merchantmen sailing under Convoy and they increased the difficulty and they increased the difficulty and they increased the difficulty and expense of bringing grain to Rome so expense of bringing grain to Rome so expense of bringing grain to Rome so much by intercepting the supp lies as much by intercepting the supp lies as much by intercepting the supp lies as very materially to enhance the price and very materially to enhance the price and very materially to enhance the price and to threaten a scarcity they made to threaten a scarcity they made to threaten a scarcity they made themselves masters of many islands and themselves masters of many islands and themselves masters of many islands and of various Maritime towns along the of various Maritime towns along the of various Maritime towns along the coast until they had 400 ports and coast until they had 400 ports and coast until they had 400 ports and cities in their possession in fact they cities in their possession in fact they cities in their possession in fact they had gone so far toward forming had gone so far toward forming had gone so far toward forming themselves into a regular Maritime power themselves into a regular Maritime power themselves into a regular Maritime power under a systematic and legitimate under a systematic and legitimate under a systematic and legitimate government that very respectable young government that very respectable young government that very respectable young men from other countries began to enter men from other countries began to enter men from other countries began to enter their service as one opening honorable their service as one opening honorable their service as one opening honorable Avenues to wealth and fame under these Avenues to wealth and fame under these Avenues to wealth and fame under these circumstances it was obvious that circumstances it was obvious that circumstances it was obvious that something decisive must be done a friend something decisive must be done a friend something decisive must be done a friend of pompe brought forward a plan for of pompe brought forward a plan for of pompe brought forward a plan for commissioning someone he did not say commissioning someone he did not say commissioning someone he did not say whom but everyone understood that Pompei whom but everyone understood that Pompei whom but everyone understood that Pompei was intended to be sent forth against was intended to be sent forth against was intended to be sent forth against the Pirates with extraordinary powers

the Pirates with extraordinary powers the Pirates with extraordinary powers such as should be amply sufficient to such as should be amply sufficient to such as should be amply sufficient to enable him to bring their Dominion to an enable him to bring their Dominion to an enable him to bring their Dominion to an end he was to have Supreme command upon end he was to have Supreme command upon end he was to have Supreme command upon the sea and also upon the land for 50 the sea and also upon the land for 50 the sea and also upon the land for 50 miles from the shore he was moreover to miles from the shore he was moreover to miles from the shore he was moreover to be empowered to raise as large a force be empowered to raise as large a force be empowered to raise as large a force both of ships and Men as he should think both of ships and Men as he should think both of ships and Men as he should think required and to draw from the treasury required and to draw from the treasury required and to draw from the treasury whatever funds were necessary to defay whatever funds were necessary to defay whatever funds were necessary to defay the enormous expenses which so vast an the enormous expenses which so vast an the enormous expenses which so vast an undertaking would involve if the law undertaking would involve if the law undertaking would involve if the law should pass creating this office and a should pass creating this office and a should pass creating this office and a person be designated to fill it it is person be designated to fill it it is person be designated to fill it it is plain that such a commander would be plain that such a commander would be plain that such a commander would be clothed with enormous Powers but then he clothed with enormous Powers but then he clothed with enormous Powers but then he would incur on the other hand a vast and would incur on the other hand a vast and would incur on the other hand a vast and commensurate responsibility as the Roman commensurate responsibility as the Roman commensurate responsibility as the Roman people would hold him rigidly people would hold him rigidly people would hold him rigidly accountable for the full and perfect accountable for the full and perfect accountable for the full and perfect accomplishment of the work he undertook accomplishment of the work he undertook accomplishment of the work he undertook after they had thus surrendered every after they had thus surrendered every after they had thus surrendered every possible power necessary to accomplish possible power necessary to accomplish possible power necessary to accomplish it so unconditionally into his hands it so unconditionally into his hands it so unconditionally into his hands there was a great deal of maneuvering there was a great deal of maneuvering there was a great deal of maneuvering management and debate on the one hand to management and debate on the one hand to management and debate on the one hand to affect the passage of this law and on affect the passage of this law and on affect the passage of this law and on the other to defeat it Caesar who though the other to defeat it Caesar who though the other to defeat it Caesar who though not so prominent yet as Pompei was now not so prominent yet as Pompei was now not so prominent yet as Pompei was now Rising rapidly to influence and power Rising rapidly to influence and power Rising rapidly to influence and power was in favor of the measure because as was in favor of the measure because as was in favor of the measure because as is said he perceived that the people is said he perceived that the people is said he perceived that the people were pleased with it it was at length were pleased with it it was at length were pleased with it it was at length adopted Pompei was then designated to adopted Pompei was then designated to adopted Pompei was then designated to fill the office which the log created he fill the office which the log created he fill the office which the log created he accepted the trust and began to prepare accepted the trust and began to prepare accepted the trust and began to prepare for the vast undertaking the price of for the vast undertaking the price of for the vast undertaking the price of grain fell immediately in Rome as soon grain fell immediately in Rome as soon grain fell immediately in Rome as soon as the appointment of Pompei was made as the appointment of Pompei was made as the appointment of Pompei was made known as the merchants who had large known as the merchants who had large known as the merchants who had large supplies in the granaries there were now supplies in the granaries there were now supplies in the granaries there were now eager to sell even at a reduction

eager to sell even at a reduction eager to sell even at a reduction feeling confident that pompei's measures feeling confident that pompei's measures feeling confident that pompei's measures would result in bringing in abundant would result in bringing in abundant would result in bringing in abundant supplies the people surprised at this supplies the people surprised at this supplies the people surprised at this sudden relaxation of the pressure of sudden relaxation of the pressure of sudden relaxation of the pressure of their burdens said that the very name of their burdens said that the very name of their burdens said that the very name of Pompei had put an end to the war Pompei had put an end to the war Pompei had put an end to the war they were not mistaken in their they were not mistaken in their they were not mistaken in their anticipations of pompei's success he anticipations of pompei's success he anticipations of pompei's success he freed the Mediterranean from Pirates in freed the Mediterranean from Pirates in freed the Mediterranean from Pirates in 3 months by one systematic and simple 3 months by one systematic and simple 3 months by one systematic and simple operation which affords one of the most operation which affords one of the most operation which affords one of the most striking examples of the power of United striking examples of the power of United striking examples of the power of United and organized effort planned and and organized effort planned and and organized effort planned and conducted by one single Mastermind which conducted by one single Mastermind which conducted by one single Mastermind which the history of ancient or modern times the history of ancient or modern times the history of ancient or modern times has recorded the manner in which this has recorded the manner in which this has recorded the manner in which this work was effected was this Pompei raised work was effected was this Pompei raised work was effected was this Pompei raised and equipped a vast number of galleys and equipped a vast number of galleys and equipped a vast number of galleys and divided them into separate fleets and divided them into separate fleets and divided them into separate fleets putting each one under the command of a putting each one under the command of a putting each one under the command of a lieutenant he then divided the lieutenant he then divided the lieutenant he then divided the Mediterranean Sea into 13 districts and Mediterranean Sea into 13 districts and Mediterranean Sea into 13 districts and appointed a lieutenant and his Fleet for appointed a lieutenant and his Fleet for appointed a lieutenant and his Fleet for each one of them as a guard after each one of them as a guard after each one of them as a guard after sending these detachments forth to their sending these detachments forth to their sending these detachments forth to their respective stations he set out from the respective stations he set out from the respective stations he set out from the city himself to take charge of the city himself to take charge of the city himself to take charge of the operations which he was to conduct in operations which he was to conduct in operations which he was to conduct in person the people followed him as they person the people followed him as they person the people followed him as they went to the place where he was to Embark went to the place where he was to Embark went to the place where he was to Embark in great crowds and with long and Loud in great crowds and with long and Loud in great crowds and with long and Loud acclamations beginning at The Straits of acclamations beginning at The Straits of acclamations beginning at The Straits of jalter Pompei cruised with a powerful jalter Pompei cruised with a powerful jalter Pompei cruised with a powerful Fleet toward the East driving the Fleet toward the East driving the Fleet toward the East driving the Pirates before him the lieutenants who Pirates before him the lieutenants who Pirates before him the lieutenants who were stationed along the coast being on were stationed along the coast being on were stationed along the coast being on the alert to prevent them from finding the alert to prevent them from finding the alert to prevent them from finding any places of retreat or Refuge some of any places of retreat or Refuge some of any places of retreat or Refuge some of the pirate ships were surrounded and the pirate ships were surrounded and the pirate ships were surrounded and taken others fled and were followed by taken others fled and were followed by taken others fled and were followed by Pompei ships until they had passed

Pompei ships until they had passed Pompei ships until they had passed beyond the coasts of Sicily and the Seas beyond the coasts of Sicily and the Seas beyond the coasts of Sicily and the Seas between the Italian and African Shores between the Italian and African Shores between the Italian and African Shores the communication was now open again to the communication was now open again to the communication was now open again to the grain growing country south of Rome the grain growing country south of Rome the grain growing country south of Rome and large supplies of food were and large supplies of food were and large supplies of food were immediately poured into the city immediately poured into the city immediately poured into the city the whole population was of course the whole population was of course the whole population was of course filled with exultation and joy at filled with exultation and joy at filled with exultation and joy at receiving such welcome proofs that receiving such welcome proofs that receiving such welcome proofs that Pompei was successfully accomplishing Pompei was successfully accomplishing Pompei was successfully accomplishing the work they had assigned him the the work they had assigned him the the work they had assigned him the Italian Peninsula and the island of Italian Peninsula and the island of Italian Peninsula and the island of Sicily which are in fact a projection Sicily which are in fact a projection Sicily which are in fact a projection from the Northern Shores of the from the Northern Shores of the from the Northern Shores of the Mediterranean with a Salient angle of Mediterranean with a Salient angle of Mediterranean with a Salient angle of the coast nearly opposite to them on the the coast nearly opposite to them on the the coast nearly opposite to them on the African side form a sort of straight African side form a sort of straight African side form a sort of straight which divides this great sea into two which divides this great sea into two which divides this great sea into two separate bodies of water and the Pirates separate bodies of water and the Pirates separate bodies of water and the Pirates were now driven entirely out of the were now driven entirely out of the were now driven entirely out of the western ision Pompei sent his principal western ision Pompei sent his principal western ision Pompei sent his principal Fleet after them with orders to pass Fleet after them with orders to pass Fleet after them with orders to pass around the island of Sicily and the around the island of Sicily and the around the island of Sicily and the southern part of Italy to bruum which southern part of Italy to bruum which southern part of Italy to bruum which was the great port on the western side was the great port on the western side was the great port on the western side of Italy he himself was to cross the of Italy he himself was to cross the of Italy he himself was to cross the peninsula by land taking Rome in his way peninsula by land taking Rome in his way peninsula by land taking Rome in his way and afterward to join the fleet at bruum and afterward to join the fleet at bruum and afterward to join the fleet at bruum the Pirates in the meantime so far as the Pirates in the meantime so far as the Pirates in the meantime so far as they had escaped pompei's Cruisers had they had escaped pompei's Cruisers had they had escaped pompei's Cruisers had retreated to the seas in the retreated to the seas in the retreated to the seas in the neighborhood of celissia and were neighborhood of celissia and were neighborhood of celissia and were concentrating their forces there in concentrating their forces there in concentrating their forces there in preparation for the final struggle preparation for the final struggle preparation for the final struggle Pompei was was received at Rome with the Pompei was was received at Rome with the Pompei was was received at Rome with the utmost enthusiasm the people came out in utmost enthusiasm the people came out in utmost enthusiasm the people came out in throngs to meet him as he approached the throngs to meet him as he approached the throngs to meet him as he approached the city and welcomed him with loud city and welcomed him with loud city and welcomed him with loud acclamations he did not however remain acclamations he did not however remain acclamations he did not however remain in the city to enjoy these honors he in the city to enjoy these honors he in the city to enjoy these honors he procured as soon as possible what was procured as soon as possible what was procured as soon as possible what was necessary for the further prosecution of necessary for the further prosecution of necessary for the further prosecution of his work and went on he found his Fleet

his work and went on he found his Fleet his work and went on he found his Fleet at brundisium and immediately embarking at brundisium and immediately embarking at brundisium and immediately embarking he put to he put to he put to Sea Pompei went on to the completion of Sea Pompei went on to the completion of Sea Pompei went on to the completion of his work with the same Vigor and his work with the same Vigor and his work with the same Vigor and decision which he had displayed in the decision which he had displayed in the decision which he had displayed in the commencement of it commencement of it commencement of it some of the Pirates finding themselves some of the Pirates finding themselves some of the Pirates finding themselves hemmed in within narrower and narrower hemmed in within narrower and narrower hemmed in within narrower and narrower limits gave up the contest and came and limits gave up the contest and came and limits gave up the contest and came and surrendered Pompei instead of punishing surrendered Pompei instead of punishing surrendered Pompei instead of punishing them severely for their crimes treated them severely for their crimes treated them severely for their crimes treated them and their wives and children who them and their wives and children who them and their wives and children who fell likewise into his power with great fell likewise into his power with great fell likewise into his power with great Humanity this induced many others to Humanity this induced many others to Humanity this induced many others to follow their example so that the number follow their example so that the number follow their example so that the number that remained resisting to the end was that remained resisting to the end was that remained resisting to the end was greatly reduced there were however after greatly reduced there were however after greatly reduced there were however after all these submissions a body of stern all these submissions a body of stern all these submissions a body of stern and indomitable Desperados left who were and indomitable Desperados left who were and indomitable Desperados left who were incapable of yielding these retreated incapable of yielding these retreated incapable of yielding these retreated with all the forces which they could with all the forces which they could with all the forces which they could retain to their strongholds on the cian retain to their strongholds on the cian retain to their strongholds on the cian shores sending their wives and children shores sending their wives and children shores sending their wives and children back to still secur Retreats among the back to still secur Retreats among the back to still secur Retreats among the fastnesses of the mountains Pompei fastnesses of the mountains Pompei fastnesses of the mountains Pompei followed them hemming them in with the followed them hemming them in with the followed them hemming them in with the squadrons of armed galys which he squadrons of armed galys which he squadrons of armed galys which he brought up around them thus cutting off brought up around them thus cutting off brought up around them thus cutting off from them all possibility of Escape here from them all possibility of Escape here from them all possibility of Escape here at length a great final battle was at length a great final battle was at length a great final battle was fought and the Dominion of the Pirates fought and the Dominion of the Pirates fought and the Dominion of the Pirates was ended forever Pompei destroyed their was ended forever Pompei destroyed their was ended forever Pompei destroyed their their ships dismantled their their ships dismantled their their ships dismantled their fortifications restored the harbors and fortifications restored the harbors and fortifications restored the harbors and towns which they had seized to their towns which they had seized to their towns which they had seized to their rightful owners and sent the Pirates rightful owners and sent the Pirates rightful owners and sent the Pirates themselves with their wives and children themselves with their wives and children themselves with their wives and children far into the interior of the country and far into the interior of the country and far into the interior of the country and established them as agriculturists and established them as agriculturists and established them as agriculturists and herdsmen there in a territory which he herdsmen there in a territory which he herdsmen there in a territory which he set apart for the purpose where they set apart for the purpose where they set apart for the purpose where they might live in peace on the fruits of

might live in peace on the fruits of might live in peace on the fruits of their own industry without the their own industry without the their own industry without the possibility of again disturbing the possibility of again disturbing the possibility of again disturbing the Commerce of the Seas instead of Commerce of the Seas instead of Commerce of the Seas instead of returning to Rome after these exploits returning to Rome after these exploits returning to Rome after these exploits Pompei obtained new powers from the Pompei obtained new powers from the Pompei obtained new powers from the government of the City and pushed his government of the City and pushed his government of the City and pushed his way into Asia Minor where he remained way into Asia Minor where he remained way into Asia Minor where he remained several years pursuing a similar career several years pursuing a similar career several years pursuing a similar career of Conquest to that of Caesar in G at of Conquest to that of Caesar in G at of Conquest to that of Caesar in G at length he returned to Rome his entrance length he returned to Rome his entrance length he returned to Rome his entrance into the city being signalized by a most into the city being signalized by a most into the city being signalized by a most magnificent Triumph the procession for magnificent Triumph the procession for magnificent Triumph the procession for displaying the trophies the captives and displaying the trophies the captives and displaying the trophies the captives and the other emblems of Victory and for the other emblems of Victory and for the other emblems of Victory and for conveying the vast accumulation of conveying the vast accumulation of conveying the vast accumulation of treasures and spoils was two days in treasures and spoils was two days in treasures and spoils was two days in passing into the City and enough was passing into the City and enough was passing into the City and enough was left after all for another Triumph left after all for another Triumph left after all for another Triumph Pompei was in a word on the very Summit Pompei was in a word on the very Summit Pompei was in a word on the very Summit of human Grandeur and Renown he found of human Grandeur and Renown he found of human Grandeur and Renown he found however an old enemy and rival at Rome however an old enemy and rival at Rome however an old enemy and rival at Rome this was crus who had been pompei's this was crus who had been pompei's this was crus who had been pompei's opponent in earlier times and who now opponent in earlier times and who now opponent in earlier times and who now renewed his hostility in the contest renewed his hostility in the contest renewed his hostility in the contest that ensued Pompei relied on his Renown that ensued Pompei relied on his Renown that ensued Pompei relied on his Renown crus on his wealth Pompei attempted to crus on his wealth Pompei attempted to crus on his wealth Pompei attempted to please the People by combats of lions please the People by combats of lions please the People by combats of lions and of elephants which he had brought and of elephants which he had brought and of elephants which he had brought home from his foreign campaigns crus home from his foreign campaigns crus home from his foreign campaigns crus courted their favor by Distributing corn courted their favor by Distributing corn courted their favor by Distributing corn among them and inviting them to public among them and inviting them to public among them and inviting them to public feasts on great occasions he spread for feasts on great occasions he spread for feasts on great occasions he spread for them at one time it was said 10,000 them at one time it was said 10,000 them at one time it was said 10,000 tables all Rome was filled with the tables all Rome was filled with the tables all Rome was filled with the feuds of these great political foes it feuds of these great political foes it feuds of these great political foes it was at this time that Caesar returned was at this time that Caesar returned was at this time that Caesar returned from Spain and had the adroitness as has from Spain and had the adroitness as has from Spain and had the adroitness as has already been explained to extinguish already been explained to extinguish already been explained to extinguish these feuds and reconcile these these feuds and reconcile these these feuds and reconcile these apparently implacable foes he United

apparently implacable foes he United apparently implacable foes he United them together and joined them with them together and joined them with them together and joined them with himself in a triple League which is himself in a triple League which is himself in a triple League which is celebrated in Roman history as the first celebrated in Roman history as the first celebrated in Roman history as the first triumvirate the Rivalry however of these triumvirate the Rivalry however of these triumvirate the Rivalry however of these great aspirants for power was only great aspirants for power was only great aspirants for power was only suppressed and concealed without being suppressed and concealed without being suppressed and concealed without being at all weakened or changed the death of at all weakened or changed the death of at all weakened or changed the death of crus soon removed him from the stage crus soon removed him from the stage crus soon removed him from the stage Caesar and Pompei continued afterward Caesar and Pompei continued afterward Caesar and Pompei continued afterward for some time an ostensible Alliance for some time an ostensible Alliance for some time an ostensible Alliance Caesar attempted to strengthen this bond Caesar attempted to strengthen this bond Caesar attempted to strengthen this bond by giving Pompei his daughter Julia for by giving Pompei his daughter Julia for by giving Pompei his daughter Julia for his wife Julia though so young even her his wife Julia though so young even her his wife Julia though so young even her father was 6 years younger than Pompei father was 6 years younger than Pompei father was 6 years younger than Pompei was devotedly attached to her husband was devotedly attached to her husband was devotedly attached to her husband and he was equally fond of her she and he was equally fond of her she and he was equally fond of her she formed in fact a strong bond of Union formed in fact a strong bond of Union formed in fact a strong bond of Union between the two great conquerors as long between the two great conquerors as long between the two great conquerors as long as she lived one day however there was a as she lived one day however there was a as she lived one day however there was a riot at an election and men were killed riot at an election and men were killed riot at an election and men were killed so near to Pompei that his robe was so near to Pompei that his robe was so near to Pompei that his robe was covered with blood he changed it the covered with blood he changed it the covered with blood he changed it the servants carried home the bloody garment servants carried home the bloody garment servants carried home the bloody garment which he had taken off and Julie was so which he had taken off and Julie was so which he had taken off and Julie was so terrified at the sight thinking that her terrified at the sight thinking that her terrified at the sight thinking that her husband had been killed that She fainted husband had been killed that She fainted husband had been killed that She fainted and her Constitution suffered very and her Constitution suffered very and her Constitution suffered very severely by the shock she lived some severely by the shock she lived some severely by the shock she lived some time afterward but finally died under time afterward but finally died under time afterward but finally died under circumstances which indicate that this circumstances which indicate that this circumstances which indicate that this occurrence was the cause Pompei and occurrence was the cause Pompei and occurrence was the cause Pompei and Caesar now soon became open enemies the Caesar now soon became open enemies the Caesar now soon became open enemies the ambitious aspirations which each of them ambitious aspirations which each of them ambitious aspirations which each of them cherished were so vast that the world cherished were so vast that the world cherished were so vast that the world was not wide enough for them both to be was not wide enough for them both to be was not wide enough for them both to be satisfied they had assisted each other satisfied they had assisted each other satisfied they had assisted each other up the ascent which they had been so up the ascent which they had been so up the ascent which they had been so many years in climbing but now they had many years in climbing but now they had many years in climbing but now they had reached very near to the summit and the reached very near to the summit and the reached very near to the summit and the question was to be decided which of the

question was to be decided which of the question was to be decided which of the two should have his station there end of two should have his station there end of two should have his station there end of chapter 5 chapter 6 of history of Julius Caesar chapter 6 of history of Julius Caesar this is a LibriVox recording all this is a LibriVox recording all this is a LibriVox recording all LibriVox recordings are in the public LibriVox recordings are in the public LibriVox recordings are in the public domain for more information or to domain for more information or to domain for more information or to volunteer please visit librivox.org volunteer please visit librivox.org volunteer please visit librivox.org recording by Kathy Barrett history of recording by Kathy Barrett history of recording by Kathy Barrett history of Julius Caesar by Jacob Abbott chapter 6 Julius Caesar by Jacob Abbott chapter 6 Julius Caesar by Jacob Abbott chapter 6 Crossing the Crossing the Crossing the Rubicon there was a little stream in Rubicon there was a little stream in Rubicon there was a little stream in ancient times in the north of Italy ancient times in the north of Italy ancient times in the north of Italy which flowed Westward into the Adriatic which flowed Westward into the Adriatic which flowed Westward into the Adriatic Sea called the Rubicon this stream has Sea called the Rubicon this stream has Sea called the Rubicon this stream has been immortalized by the transactions been immortalized by the transactions been immortalized by the transactions which we are now about to which we are now about to which we are now about to describe the Rubicon was a very describe the Rubicon was a very describe the Rubicon was a very important boundary and yet it was in important boundary and yet it was in important boundary and yet it was in itself so small and insignificant that itself so small and insignificant that itself so small and insignificant that it is now impossible to determine which it is now impossible to determine which it is now impossible to determine which of two or three little Brooks here of two or three little Brooks here of two or three little Brooks here running into the sea is entitled to its running into the sea is entitled to its running into the sea is entitled to its name and Renown in history the rubrica name and Renown in history the rubrica name and Renown in history the rubrica is a grand permanent and conspicuous is a grand permanent and conspicuous is a grand permanent and conspicuous stream gazed upon with continued stream gazed upon with continued stream gazed upon with continued interest by all mankind for nearly 20 interest by all mankind for nearly 20 interest by all mankind for nearly 20 centuries in nature it is an uncertain centuries in nature it is an uncertain centuries in nature it is an uncertain rivulet for a long time doubtful and rivulet for a long time doubtful and rivulet for a long time doubtful and undetermined and finally undetermined and finally undetermined and finally lost the Rubicon originally derived its lost the Rubicon originally derived its lost the Rubicon originally derived its importance from the fact that it was the importance from the fact that it was the importance from the fact that it was the boundary between all that part of the boundary between all that part of the boundary between all that part of the north of Italy which is formed by the north of Italy which is formed by the north of Italy which is formed by the Valley of the PO one of the richest and Valley of the PO one of the richest and Valley of the PO one of the richest and most magnificent countries of the world most magnificent countries of the world most magnificent countries of the world and the more Southern Roman territories

and the more Southern Roman territories and the more Southern Roman territories this country of the poe constituted what this country of the poe constituted what this country of the poe constituted what was in those days called the hither Gul was in those days called the hither Gul was in those days called the hither Gul and was a Roman province it belonged now and was a Roman province it belonged now and was a Roman province it belonged now to Caesar's jurisdiction as the to Caesar's jurisdiction as the to Caesar's jurisdiction as the Commander in Gul all south of the Commander in Gul all south of the Commander in Gul all south of the Rubicon was territory reserved for the Rubicon was territory reserved for the Rubicon was territory reserved for the immediate jurisdiction of the city the immediate jurisdiction of the city the immediate jurisdiction of the city the Romans in order to protect themselves Romans in order to protect themselves Romans in order to protect themselves from any danger which might threaten from any danger which might threaten from any danger which might threaten their own liberties from the immense their own liberties from the immense their own liberties from the immense armies which they raised for the armies which they raised for the armies which they raised for the conquest of foreign Nations had imposed conquest of foreign Nations had imposed conquest of foreign Nations had imposed on every side very strict limitations on every side very strict limitations on every side very strict limitations and restrictions in respect to the and restrictions in respect to the and restrictions in respect to the approach of these armies to the capital approach of these armies to the capital approach of these armies to the capital the Rubicon was the limit on this the Rubicon was the limit on this the Rubicon was the limit on this Northern side Northern side Northern side generals commanding in Gaul were never generals commanding in Gaul were never generals commanding in Gaul were never to pass it to cross the Rubicon with an to pass it to cross the Rubicon with an to pass it to cross the Rubicon with an Army on the way to Rome was rebellion Army on the way to Rome was rebellion Army on the way to Rome was rebellion and treason hence the Rubicon became as and treason hence the Rubicon became as and treason hence the Rubicon became as it were the visible sign and symbol of it were the visible sign and symbol of it were the visible sign and symbol of civil restriction to military civil restriction to military civil restriction to military power as Caesar found the time of his power as Caesar found the time of his power as Caesar found the time of his service in G drawing toward a conclusion service in G drawing toward a conclusion service in G drawing toward a conclusion he turned his thoughts more and more he turned his thoughts more and more he turned his thoughts more and more toward Rome endeavoring to strengthen toward Rome endeavoring to strengthen toward Rome endeavoring to strengthen his interest there by every means in his his interest there by every means in his his interest there by every means in his power and to circumvent and thwart the power and to circumvent and thwart the power and to circumvent and thwart the designs of Pompei he had part cens in designs of Pompei he had part cens in designs of Pompei he had part cens in Rome who acted for him and in his name Rome who acted for him and in his name Rome who acted for him and in his name he sent immense sums of money to these he sent immense sums of money to these he sent immense sums of money to these men to be employed in such ways as would men to be employed in such ways as would men to be employed in such ways as would most tend to secure the favor of the most tend to secure the favor of the most tend to secure the favor of the people he ordered the Forum to be people he ordered the Forum to be people he ordered the Forum to be rebuilt with great magnificence he rebuilt with great magnificence he rebuilt with great magnificence he arranged great celebrations in which the arranged great celebrations in which the arranged great celebrations in which the people were entertained with an endless people were entertained with an endless people were entertained with an endless succession of games spectacles and succession of games spectacles and succession of games spectacles and public feasts when his daughter Julia public feasts when his daughter Julia public feasts when his daughter Julia pompei's wife died he celebrated her pompei's wife died he celebrated her pompei's wife died he celebrated her funeral with Indescribable Splendor he

funeral with Indescribable Splendor he funeral with Indescribable Splendor he distributed corn in immense quantities distributed corn in immense quantities distributed corn in immense quantities among the people and he sent a great among the people and he sent a great among the people and he sent a great many captives home to be trained as many captives home to be trained as many captives home to be trained as Gladiators to fight in the theaters for Gladiators to fight in the theaters for Gladiators to fight in the theaters for their Amusement in many cases too where their Amusement in many cases too where their Amusement in many cases too where he found men of talents and influence he found men of talents and influence he found men of talents and influence among the populace who had become among the populace who had become among the populace who had become involved in debt by the dissipations and involved in debt by the dissipations and involved in debt by the dissipations and extravagance he paid their debts and extravagance he paid their debts and extravagance he paid their debts and thus secured their influence on his side thus secured their influence on his side thus secured their influence on his side men were astounded at the magnitude of men were astounded at the magnitude of men were astounded at the magnitude of these expenditures and while the these expenditures and while the these expenditures and while the multitude rejoiced thoughtlessly in the multitude rejoiced thoughtlessly in the multitude rejoiced thoughtlessly in the pleasures thus provided for them the pleasures thus provided for them the pleasures thus provided for them the more reflecting and considerate trembled more reflecting and considerate trembled more reflecting and considerate trembled at the greatness of the power which was at the greatness of the power which was at the greatness of the power which was so rapidly rising to overshadow the land so rapidly rising to overshadow the land so rapidly rising to overshadow the land it increased their anxiety to observe it increased their anxiety to observe it increased their anxiety to observe that Pompei was gaining the same kind of that Pompei was gaining the same kind of that Pompei was gaining the same kind of influence and descendancy too he had not influence and descendancy too he had not influence and descendancy too he had not had the advantage which Caesar enjoyed had the advantage which Caesar enjoyed had the advantage which Caesar enjoyed in the prodigious wealth obtained from in the prodigious wealth obtained from in the prodigious wealth obtained from the rich countries over which Caesar the rich countries over which Caesar the rich countries over which Caesar ruled but he possessed instead of it the ruled but he possessed instead of it the ruled but he possessed instead of it the advantage of being all the time at Rome advantage of being all the time at Rome advantage of being all the time at Rome and of securing by his character and and of securing by his character and and of securing by his character and action there a very wide personal action there a very wide personal action there a very wide personal popularity and influence pompe was in popularity and influence pompe was in popularity and influence pompe was in fact the idol of the people at one time fact the idol of the people at one time fact the idol of the people at one time when he was absent from Rome at Naples when he was absent from Rome at Naples when he was absent from Rome at Naples he was taken sick after being for some he was taken sick after being for some he was taken sick after being for some days in considerable Danger The Crisis days in considerable Danger The Crisis days in considerable Danger The Crisis passed favorably and he recovered some passed favorably and he recovered some passed favorably and he recovered some of the people of Naples proposed a of the people of Naples proposed a of the people of Naples proposed a public Thanksgiving to the gods to public Thanksgiving to the gods to public Thanksgiving to the gods to celebrate his restoration to health the celebrate his restoration to health the celebrate his restoration to health the plan was adopted by acclamation and the plan was adopted by acclamation and the plan was adopted by acclamation and the example thus set extended from City to example thus set extended from City to example thus set extended from City to city until it had spread throughout city until it had spread throughout city until it had spread throughout Italy and the whole country was filled Italy and the whole country was filled Italy and the whole country was filled with the processions games shows and

with the processions games shows and with the processions games shows and celebrations which were instituted celebrations which were instituted celebrations which were instituted everywhere in honor of the event and everywhere in honor of the event and everywhere in honor of the event and when Pompei returned from Naples to Rome when Pompei returned from Naples to Rome when Pompei returned from Naples to Rome the towns on the way could not afford the towns on the way could not afford the towns on the way could not afford room for the crowds that came forth to room for the crowds that came forth to room for the crowds that came forth to meet him the High Roads The Villages the meet him the High Roads The Villages the meet him the High Roads The Villages the ports says plutar were filled with ports says plutar were filled with ports says plutar were filled with sacrifices and sacrifices and sacrifices and entertainments many received him with entertainments many received him with entertainments many received him with garlands on their heads and torches in garlands on their heads and torches in garlands on their heads and torches in their hands and as they conducted him their hands and as they conducted him their hands and as they conducted him along strewed the way with flowers in along strewed the way with flowers in along strewed the way with flowers in fact Pompei considered himself a fact Pompei considered himself a fact Pompei considered himself a standing far above Caesar in Fame and standing far above Caesar in Fame and standing far above Caesar in Fame and power and this General burst of enthus I power and this General burst of enthus I power and this General burst of enthus I ASM and Applause educed by his ASM and Applause educed by his ASM and Applause educed by his recovering from sickness confirmed him recovering from sickness confirmed him recovering from sickness confirmed him in this idea he felt no solicitude he in this idea he felt no solicitude he in this idea he felt no solicitude he said in respect to Caesar he should take said in respect to Caesar he should take said in respect to Caesar he should take no special precautions against any no special precautions against any no special precautions against any hostile designs which he might entertain hostile designs which he might entertain hostile designs which he might entertain on his return from Gaul it was he on his return from Gaul it was he on his return from Gaul it was he himself he said that had raised Caesar himself he said that had raised Caesar himself he said that had raised Caesar up to whatever elevation he had attained up to whatever elevation he had attained up to whatever elevation he had attained and he could put him down even more and he could put him down even more and he could put him down even more easily than he had exalted him in the easily than he had exalted him in the easily than he had exalted him in the meantime the period was drawing near in meantime the period was drawing near in meantime the period was drawing near in which Caesar's command in the provinces which Caesar's command in the provinces which Caesar's command in the provinces was to expire and anticipating the was to expire and anticipating the was to expire and anticipating the struggle with Pompei which was about to struggle with Pompei which was about to struggle with Pompei which was about to ensue he conducted several of his ensue he conducted several of his ensue he conducted several of his Legions through the passes of the Alps Legions through the passes of the Alps Legions through the passes of the Alps and advanced gradually as he had a right and advanced gradually as he had a right and advanced gradually as he had a right to do across the country of the poe to do across the country of the poe to do across the country of the poe toward the Rubicon revolving in his toward the Rubicon revolving in his toward the Rubicon revolving in his capacious mind as he came the various capacious mind as he came the various capacious mind as he came the various Plans by which he might hope to gain the Plans by which he might hope to gain the Plans by which he might hope to gain the ascendancy over the power of his mighty ascendancy over the power of his mighty ascendancy over the power of his mighty rival and make himself rival and make himself rival and make himself Supreme he concluded that it would be Supreme he concluded that it would be Supreme he concluded that it would be his wisest policy not to attempt to his wisest policy not to attempt to his wisest policy not to attempt to intimidate Pompei by great and open

intimidate Pompei by great and open intimidate Pompei by great and open preparations for War which might tend to preparations for War which might tend to preparations for War which might tend to arouse him to vigorous measures of arouse him to vigorous measures of arouse him to vigorous measures of resistance but rather to cover and resistance but rather to cover and resistance but rather to cover and conceal his designs and thus throw his conceal his designs and thus throw his conceal his designs and thus throw his enemy off his guard he Advanced enemy off his guard he Advanced enemy off his guard he Advanced therefore toward the Rubicon with a therefore toward the Rubicon with a therefore toward the Rubicon with a small Force he established his small Force he established his small Force he established his headquarters at Rena a city not far from headquarters at Rena a city not far from headquarters at Rena a city not far from the river and employed himself in the river and employed himself in the river and employed himself in objects of local interest there in order objects of local interest there in order objects of local interest there in order to avert as much as possible the minds to avert as much as possible the minds to avert as much as possible the minds of the people from imagining that he was of the people from imagining that he was of the people from imagining that he was contemplating any great design Pompei contemplating any great design Pompei contemplating any great design Pompei sent to him to demand the return of a sent to him to demand the return of a sent to him to demand the return of a certain Legion which he had lent him certain Legion which he had lent him certain Legion which he had lent him from his own Army at a time when they from his own Army at a time when they from his own Army at a time when they were friends Caesar complied with this were friends Caesar complied with this were friends Caesar complied with this demand without any hesitation and sent demand without any hesitation and sent demand without any hesitation and sent the legion home he sent with this Legion the legion home he sent with this Legion the legion home he sent with this Legion also some other troops which were also some other troops which were also some other troops which were properly his own thus evincing a degree properly his own thus evincing a degree properly his own thus evincing a degree of indifference in respect to the amount of indifference in respect to the amount of indifference in respect to the amount of the force retained under his command of the force retained under his command of the force retained under his command which seemed wholly inconsistent with which seemed wholly inconsistent with which seemed wholly inconsistent with the idea that he contemplated any the idea that he contemplated any the idea that he contemplated any resistance to the authority of the resistance to the authority of the resistance to the authority of the government at Rome in the meantime the government at Rome in the meantime the government at Rome in the meantime the struggle at Rome between the partisans struggle at Rome between the partisans struggle at Rome between the partisans of Caesar and Pompei grew more more and of Caesar and Pompei grew more more and of Caesar and Pompei grew more more and more violent and alarming Caesar through more violent and alarming Caesar through more violent and alarming Caesar through his friends in the city demanded to be his friends in the city demanded to be his friends in the city demanded to be elected cul the other side insisted that elected cul the other side insisted that elected cul the other side insisted that he must first if that was his wish he must first if that was his wish he must first if that was his wish resign the command of his army come to resign the command of his army come to resign the command of his army come to Rome and present himself as a candidate Rome and present himself as a candidate Rome and present himself as a candidate in the character of a private citizen in the character of a private citizen in the character of a private citizen this the constitution of the state very this the constitution of the state very this the constitution of the state very properly required in answer to this properly required in answer to this properly required in answer to this requisition Caesar rejoined that if requisition Caesar rejoined that if requisition Caesar rejoined that if Pompei would lay down his military Pompei would lay down his military Pompei would lay down his military commands he would do so too if not it commands he would do so too if not it commands he would do so too if not it was unjust to require it of him the ser

was unjust to require it of him the ser was unjust to require it of him the ser he added which he had performed for his he added which he had performed for his he added which he had performed for his country demanded some recompense which country demanded some recompense which country demanded some recompense which moreover they ought to be willing to moreover they ought to be willing to moreover they ought to be willing to reward even if in order to do it it were reward even if in order to do it it were reward even if in order to do it it were necessary to relax somewhat in his favor necessary to relax somewhat in his favor necessary to relax somewhat in his favor the strictness of ordinary rules to a the strictness of ordinary rules to a the strictness of ordinary rules to a large part of the people of the city large part of the people of the city large part of the people of the city these demands of Caesar appeared these demands of Caesar appeared these demands of Caesar appeared reasonable they were clamorous to have reasonable they were clamorous to have reasonable they were clamorous to have them allowed the partisans of Pompei them allowed the partisans of Pompei them allowed the partisans of Pompei with the stern and inflexible k at their with the stern and inflexible k at their with the stern and inflexible k at their head deemed them wholly inadmissible and head deemed them wholly inadmissible and head deemed them wholly inadmissible and contended with the most determined contended with the most determined contended with the most determined violence against them the whole city was violence against them the whole city was violence against them the whole city was filled with the excitement of this filled with the excitement of this filled with the excitement of this struggle into which all the active and struggle into which all the active and struggle into which all the active and turbulent spirits of the capital plunged turbulent spirits of the capital plunged turbulent spirits of the capital plunged with the most furious Zeal while the with the most furious Zeal while the with the most furious Zeal while the more considerate and thoughtful of the more considerate and thoughtful of the more considerate and thoughtful of the population remembering the days of population remembering the days of population remembering the days of Marius and Sila trembled at the Marius and Sila trembled at the Marius and Sila trembled at the impending danger Pompei himself had no impending danger Pompei himself had no impending danger Pompei himself had no fear he urged the Senate to resist to fear he urged the Senate to resist to fear he urged the Senate to resist to the utmost all of Caesar's claims saying the utmost all of Caesar's claims saying the utmost all of Caesar's claims saying if Caesar should be so presumptuous as if Caesar should be so presumptuous as if Caesar should be so presumptuous as to attempt to march to Rome he could to attempt to march to Rome he could to attempt to march to Rome he could raise troops Enough by stamping with his raise troops Enough by stamping with his raise troops Enough by stamping with his foot to put him down foot to put him down foot to put him down it would require a volume to contain a it would require a volume to contain a it would require a volume to contain a full account of the disputes and tumults full account of the disputes and tumults full account of the disputes and tumults the Maneuvers and debates the votes and the Maneuvers and debates the votes and the Maneuvers and debates the votes and decrees which marked the successive decrees which marked the successive decrees which marked the successive stages of this quarrel Pompei himself stages of this quarrel Pompei himself stages of this quarrel Pompei himself was all the time without the city he was was all the time without the city he was was all the time without the city he was in command of an army there and no in command of an army there and no in command of an army there and no General while in command was allowed to General while in command was allowed to General while in command was allowed to come within the gates at last an come within the gates at last an come within the gates at last an exciting debate was broken up in the exciting debate was broken up in the exciting debate was broken up in the Senate by one of the consules rising to Senate by one of the consules rising to Senate by one of the consules rising to depart saying that he would hear the depart saying that he would hear the depart saying that he would hear the subject discussed no longer the time had subject discussed no longer the time had subject discussed no longer the time had arrived for action and he should send a arrived for action and he should send a arrived for action and he should send a Commander with an armed Force to defend

Commander with an armed Force to defend Commander with an armed Force to defend the country from Caesar's threatened the country from Caesar's threatened the country from Caesar's threatened Invasion Caesar's leading friends two Invasion Caesar's leading friends two Invasion Caesar's leading friends two tribunes of the people disguised tribunes of the people disguised tribunes of the people disguised themselves as slaves and fled to the themselves as slaves and fled to the themselves as slaves and fled to the north to join their Master the country north to join their Master the country north to join their Master the country was filled with commotion and panic the was filled with commotion and panic the was filled with commotion and panic the Commonwealth had obviously more fear of Commonwealth had obviously more fear of Commonwealth had obviously more fear of Caesar than confidence in Pompei the Caesar than confidence in Pompei the Caesar than confidence in Pompei the country was full of rumors in respect to country was full of rumors in respect to country was full of rumors in respect to Caesar's power and the threatening Caesar's power and the threatening Caesar's power and the threatening attitude which he was assuming while attitude which he was assuming while attitude which he was assuming while they who had insisted on Resistance they who had insisted on Resistance they who had insisted on Resistance seemed after all to have provided very seemed after all to have provided very seemed after all to have provided very inadequate means with to resist a inadequate means with to resist a inadequate means with to resist a thousand plans were formed and thousand plans were formed and thousand plans were formed and clamorously insisted upon by their clamorously insisted upon by their clamorously insisted upon by their respective advocates for averting the respective advocates for averting the respective advocates for averting the danger this only added to the confusion danger this only added to the confusion danger this only added to the confusion and the city became at length pervaded and the city became at length pervaded and the city became at length pervaded with a universal Terror while this was with a universal Terror while this was with a universal Terror while this was the state of things at Rome Caesar was the state of things at Rome Caesar was the state of things at Rome Caesar was quietly established at Rena 30 or 40 mi quietly established at Rena 30 or 40 mi quietly established at Rena 30 or 40 mi from the frontier he was erecting a from the frontier he was erecting a from the frontier he was erecting a building for a fencing school there and building for a fencing school there and building for a fencing school there and his mind seemed to be occupied very his mind seemed to be occupied very his mind seemed to be occupied very busily with the plans and models of the busily with the plans and models of the busily with the plans and models of the edifice which The Architects had formed edifice which The Architects had formed edifice which The Architects had formed of course in his intended march to Rome of course in his intended march to Rome of course in his intended march to Rome his Reliance was not to be so much on his Reliance was not to be so much on his Reliance was not to be so much on the force which he should take with him the force which he should take with him the force which he should take with him as on the cooperation and support which as on the cooperation and support which as on the cooperation and support which he expected to find there it was his he expected to find there it was his he expected to find there it was his policy therefore to move as quietly and policy therefore to move as quietly and policy therefore to move as quietly and privately as possible and with as little privately as possible and with as little privately as possible and with as little display of violence and to avoid display of violence and to avoid display of violence and to avoid everything which might indicate his everything which might indicate his everything which might indicate his intended march to any spies which might intended march to any spies which might intended march to any spies which might be around him or to any other person who be around him or to any other person who be around him or to any other person who might be disposed to report what they might be disposed to report what they might be disposed to report what they observed at Rome accordingly on the very observed at Rome accordingly on the very observed at Rome accordingly on the very Eve of his departure he busied himself Eve of his departure he busied himself Eve of his departure he busied himself with his fence ing school and assumed with his fence ing school and assumed with his fence ing school and assumed with his officers and soldiers a

with his officers and soldiers a with his officers and soldiers a careless and unconcerned Heir which careless and unconcerned Heir which careless and unconcerned Heir which prevented anyone from suspecting his prevented anyone from suspecting his prevented anyone from suspecting his design in the course of the day he design in the course of the day he design in the course of the day he privately sent forward some cohorts to privately sent forward some cohorts to privately sent forward some cohorts to the Southward with orders for them to the Southward with orders for them to the Southward with orders for them to encamp on the banks of the Rubicon when encamp on the banks of the Rubicon when encamp on the banks of the Rubicon when night came he sat down to supper as night came he sat down to supper as night came he sat down to supper as usual and conversed with his friends in usual and conversed with his friends in usual and conversed with his friends in his ordinary Manner and went with them his ordinary Manner and went with them his ordinary Manner and went with them afterward to a public entertainment as afterward to a public entertainment as afterward to a public entertainment as soon as it was dark and the streets were soon as it was dark and the streets were soon as it was dark and the streets were still he set off secretly from the city still he set off secretly from the city still he set off secretly from the city accompanied by a very few attendants accompanied by a very few attendants accompanied by a very few attendants instead of making use of his ordinary instead of making use of his ordinary instead of making use of his ordinary equipage the parading of which would equipage the parading of which would equipage the parading of which would have attracted attention to his have attracted attention to his have attracted attention to his movements he had some mules taken from a movements he had some mules taken from a movements he had some mules taken from a neighboring bake house and hardest into neighboring bake house and hardest into neighboring bake house and hardest into his shz there were torch bearers his shz there were torch bearers his shz there were torch bearers provided to light the way the cavalcade provided to light the way the cavalcade provided to light the way the cavalcade drove on during the night finding drove on during the night finding drove on during the night finding however the Hasty preparations which had however the Hasty preparations which had however the Hasty preparations which had been made inadequate for the occasion been made inadequate for the occasion been made inadequate for the occasion the Torches went out the gods lost their the Torches went out the gods lost their the Torches went out the gods lost their way and the future conqueror of the way and the future conqueror of the way and the future conqueror of the world wandered about bewildered and lost world wandered about bewildered and lost world wandered about bewildered and lost until just after break of day the party until just after break of day the party until just after break of day the party met with a peasant who undertook to met with a peasant who undertook to met with a peasant who undertook to guard them under his Direction they made guard them under his Direction they made guard them under his Direction they made their way to the main road again and their way to the main road again and their way to the main road again and advanced then without further difficulty advanced then without further difficulty advanced then without further difficulty to the banks of the river where they to the banks of the river where they to the banks of the river where they found that portion of the army which had found that portion of the army which had found that portion of the army which had been sent forward encamped and awaiting been sent forward encamped and awaiting been sent forward encamped and awaiting their arrival Caesar stood for some time their arrival Caesar stood for some time their arrival Caesar stood for some time upon the banks of the stream musing upon upon the banks of the stream musing upon upon the banks of the stream musing upon the greatness of the undertaking in the greatness of the undertaking in the greatness of the undertaking in which simply passing across it would which simply passing across it would which simply passing across it would involve him his officer stood by his involve him his officer stood by his involve him his officer stood by his side we can Retreat now said he but once side we can Retreat now said he but once side we can Retreat now said he but once across the that River and we must go on across the that River and we must go on across the that River and we must go on he paused for some time conscious of the

he paused for some time conscious of the he paused for some time conscious of the vast importance of the decision though vast importance of the decision though vast importance of the decision though he thought only doubtless of its he thought only doubtless of its he thought only doubtless of its consequences to himself taking the step consequences to himself taking the step consequences to himself taking the step which was now before him would which was now before him would which was now before him would necessarily end either in his realizing necessarily end either in his realizing necessarily end either in his realizing the loftiest aspirations of his ambition the loftiest aspirations of his ambition the loftiest aspirations of his ambition or in his utter and irreparable ruin or in his utter and irreparable ruin or in his utter and irreparable ruin there were vast public interests too at there were vast public interests too at there were vast public interests too at stake of which however he probably stake of which however he probably stake of which however he probably thought but little it proved in the end thought but little it proved in the end thought but little it proved in the end that the history of the whole Roman that the history of the whole Roman that the history of the whole Roman world for several centuries was world for several centuries was world for several centuries was depending upon the manner in which the depending upon the manner in which the depending upon the manner in which the question now in Caesar's mind should question now in Caesar's mind should question now in Caesar's mind should turn there was a little Bridge across turn there was a little Bridge across turn there was a little Bridge across the rubrica at the point where Caesar the rubrica at the point where Caesar the rubrica at the point where Caesar was surveying it while he was standing was surveying it while he was standing was surveying it while he was standing there the story is a peasant or Shepherd there the story is a peasant or Shepherd there the story is a peasant or Shepherd came from the neighboring Fields with a came from the neighboring Fields with a came from the neighboring Fields with a shepherd's pipe a simple musical shepherd's pipe a simple musical shepherd's pipe a simple musical instrument made of a reed and used much instrument made of a reed and used much instrument made of a reed and used much by The Rustic musicians of those days by The Rustic musicians of those days by The Rustic musicians of those days the soldiers and some of the officers the soldiers and some of the officers the soldiers and some of the officers gathered around him to hear him play gathered around him to hear him play gathered around him to hear him play among the rest came some of Caesar's among the rest came some of Caesar's among the rest came some of Caesar's trumpeters with the trumpets in their trumpeters with the trumpets in their trumpeters with the trumpets in their hands the shepherd took one of these hands the shepherd took one of these hands the shepherd took one of these Marshal instruments from the hands of Marshal instruments from the hands of Marshal instruments from the hands of its possessor laying aside his own and its possessor laying aside his own and its possessor laying aside his own and began to sound a charge which is a began to sound a charge which is a began to sound a charge which is a signal for a rapid advance and to March signal for a rapid advance and to March signal for a rapid advance and to March at the same time over the bridge an omen at the same time over the bridge an omen at the same time over the bridge an omen a prodigy said Caesar let us March where a prodigy said Caesar let us March where a prodigy said Caesar let us March where we are called by such a Divine we are called by such a Divine we are called by such a Divine intimation the die is cast so saying he intimation the die is cast so saying he intimation the die is cast so saying he pressed forward over the bridge while pressed forward over the bridge while pressed forward over the bridge while the officers breaking up the encampment the officers breaking up the encampment the officers breaking up the encampment put the columns in motion to follow him put the columns in motion to follow him put the columns in motion to follow him it was shown abundantly on many it was shown abundantly on many it was shown abundantly on many occasions in the course of Caesar's life occasions in the course of Caesar's life occasions in the course of Caesar's life that he had no faith in Omens there are

that he had no faith in Omens there are that he had no faith in Omens there are equally numerous instances to show that equally numerous instances to show that equally numerous instances to show that he was always ready to Avail himself of he was always ready to Avail himself of he was always ready to Avail himself of the popular belief in them to awaken his the popular belief in them to awaken his the popular belief in them to awaken his solders ardor or to allay their solders ardor or to allay their solders ardor or to allay their fears whether therefore in respect to fears whether therefore in respect to fears whether therefore in respect to the story of the shepherd Trumpeter it the story of the shepherd Trumpeter it the story of the shepherd Trumpeter it was an incident that really and was an incident that really and was an incident that really and accidentally occurred or whether Caesar accidentally occurred or whether Caesar accidentally occurred or whether Caesar planned and derranged it himself with planned and derranged it himself with planned and derranged it himself with reference to its effect or whether which reference to its effect or whether which reference to its effect or whether which is perhaps after all the most probable is perhaps after all the most probable is perhaps after all the most probable supposition the tale was only an supposition the tale was only an supposition the tale was only an embellishment invented out of something embellishment invented out of something embellishment invented out of something or Nothing by the storytellers of those or Nothing by the storytellers of those or Nothing by the storytellers of those days to give additional dramatic days to give additional dramatic days to give additional dramatic interest to The Narrative of the interest to The Narrative of the interest to The Narrative of the crossing of the Rubicon it must be left crossing of the Rubicon it must be left crossing of the Rubicon it must be left for each reader to decide as soon as the for each reader to decide as soon as the for each reader to decide as soon as the bridge was crossed Caesar called an bridge was crossed Caesar called an bridge was crossed Caesar called an assembly of his troops and with signs of assembly of his troops and with signs of assembly of his troops and with signs of great excitement and agitation made an great excitement and agitation made an great excitement and agitation made an address to them on the magnitude of the address to them on the magnitude of the address to them on the magnitude of the crisis through which they were passing crisis through which they were passing crisis through which they were passing he showed them how entirely he was in he showed them how entirely he was in he showed them how entirely he was in their power he urged them by the most their power he urged them by the most their power he urged them by the most eloquent of appeals to stand by him eloquent of appeals to stand by him eloquent of appeals to stand by him faithful and true promising them the faithful and true promising them the faithful and true promising them the most ample rewards when he should have most ample rewards when he should have most ample rewards when he should have attained the object at which he aimed attained the object at which he aimed attained the object at which he aimed the soldiers responded to this appeal the soldiers responded to this appeal the soldiers responded to this appeal with Promises of the most unwavering with Promises of the most unwavering with Promises of the most unwavering Fidelity the first town on the Roman Fidelity the first town on the Roman Fidelity the first town on the Roman side of the Rubicon was ariminum Caesar side of the Rubicon was ariminum Caesar side of the Rubicon was ariminum Caesar Advanced to this town the authorities Advanced to this town the authorities Advanced to this town the authorities opened its gate to him very willing as opened its gate to him very willing as opened its gate to him very willing as it appeared to receive him as their it appeared to receive him as their it appeared to receive him as their Commander Caesar's force was yet quite Commander Caesar's force was yet quite Commander Caesar's force was yet quite small as he had been accompanied by only small as he had been accompanied by only small as he had been accompanied by only a single Legion in crossing the river a single Legion in crossing the river a single Legion in crossing the river had however sent orders for the other had however sent orders for the other had however sent orders for the other Legions which had been left in Gul to Legions which had been left in Gul to Legions which had been left in Gul to join him without any delay though any join him without any delay though any join him without any delay though any reinforcement of his troops seemed

reinforcement of his troops seemed reinforcement of his troops seemed hardly necessary as he found no hardly necessary as he found no hardly necessary as he found no indications of opposition to his indications of opposition to his indications of opposition to his progress he gave his soldiers the progress he gave his soldiers the progress he gave his soldiers the strictest injunctions to do no injury to strictest injunctions to do no injury to strictest injunctions to do no injury to any property public or private as they any property public or private as they any property public or private as they Advanced and not to assume in any Advanced and not to assume in any Advanced and not to assume in any respect a hostile attitude toward the respect a hostile attitude toward the respect a hostile attitude toward the people of the country the inhabitants people of the country the inhabitants people of the country the inhabitants therefore welcomed him wherever he came therefore welcomed him wherever he came therefore welcomed him wherever he came and all the cities and towns followed and all the cities and towns followed and all the cities and towns followed the example of ariminum surrendering in the example of ariminum surrendering in the example of ariminum surrendering in fact faster than he could take fact faster than he could take fact faster than he could take possession of them in the confusion of possession of them in the confusion of possession of them in the confusion of the debates and votes in the Senate at the debates and votes in the Senate at the debates and votes in the Senate at Rome before Caesar crossed the Rubicon Rome before Caesar crossed the Rubicon Rome before Caesar crossed the Rubicon one decree had been passed deposing him one decree had been passed deposing him one decree had been passed deposing him from his command of the army and from his command of the army and from his command of the army and appointing a successor the name of the appointing a successor the name of the appointing a successor the name of the general thus appointed was deisius the general thus appointed was deisius the general thus appointed was deisius the only real opposition which Caesar only real opposition which Caesar only real opposition which Caesar encountered in his progress toward Rome encountered in his progress toward Rome encountered in his progress toward Rome was from him deisius had crossed the was from him deisius had crossed the was from him deisius had crossed the appenines at the head of an Army on his appenines at the head of an Army on his appenines at the head of an Army on his way northward to supersede Caesar in his way northward to supersede Caesar in his way northward to supersede Caesar in his command Comm and had reached the town of command Comm and had reached the town of command Comm and had reached the town of corinium which was perhaps 1/3 of the corinium which was perhaps 1/3 of the corinium which was perhaps 1/3 of the way between Rome and the Rubicon Caesar way between Rome and the Rubicon Caesar way between Rome and the Rubicon Caesar Advanced upon him here and shut him in Advanced upon him here and shut him in Advanced upon him here and shut him in after a brief Siege the city was taken after a brief Siege the city was taken after a brief Siege the city was taken and Demus and his army were made and Demus and his army were made and Demus and his army were made prisoners everybody expecting that prisoners everybody expecting that prisoners everybody expecting that Caesar would wreak terrible vengeance Caesar would wreak terrible vengeance Caesar would wreak terrible vengeance upon them instead of this he received upon them instead of this he received upon them instead of this he received the troops at once into his own service the troops at once into his own service the troops at once into his own service and let Demus Go free in the meantime and let Demus Go free in the meantime and let Demus Go free in the meantime the tidings of Caesar's having passed the tidings of Caesar's having passed the tidings of Caesar's having passed the Rubicon and of the triumphant the Rubicon and of the triumphant the Rubicon and of the triumphant success which was meeting with at the success which was meeting with at the success which was meeting with at the commencement of his March toward Rome commencement of his March toward Rome commencement of his March toward Rome reached the capital and added greatly to reached the capital and added greatly to reached the capital and added greatly to the prevailing consternation the reports the prevailing consternation the reports the prevailing consternation the reports of the magnitude of his force and of the

of the magnitude of his force and of the of the magnitude of his force and of the rapidity of his progress were greatly rapidity of his progress were greatly rapidity of his progress were greatly exaggerated the party of Pompei and the exaggerated the party of Pompei and the exaggerated the party of Pompei and the saided it had done everything to spread saided it had done everything to spread saided it had done everything to spread among the people the terror of Caesar's among the people the terror of Caesar's among the people the terror of Caesar's name in order to arouse them to efforts name in order to arouse them to efforts name in order to arouse them to efforts for opposing his designs and now when he for opposing his designs and now when he for opposing his designs and now when he had broken through the barriers which had broken through the barriers which had broken through the barriers which had been intended to restrain him and had been intended to restrain him and had been intended to restrain him and was advancing toward the city in an was advancing toward the city in an was advancing toward the city in an unchecked and triumphant career they unchecked and triumphant career they unchecked and triumphant career they were over overwhelmed with dismay Pompei were over overwhelmed with dismay Pompei were over overwhelmed with dismay Pompei began to be terrified at the danger began to be terrified at the danger began to be terrified at the danger which was impending the Senate held which was impending the Senate held which was impending the Senate held meetings without the city councils of meetings without the city councils of meetings without the city councils of War as it were in which they looked to War as it were in which they looked to War as it were in which they looked to Pompei in vain for protection from the Pompei in vain for protection from the Pompei in vain for protection from the danger which he had brought upon them he danger which he had brought upon them he danger which he had brought upon them he had said that he could raise an army had said that he could raise an army had said that he could raise an army sufficient to cope with Caesar at any sufficient to cope with Caesar at any sufficient to cope with Caesar at any time by stamping with his foot they told time by stamping with his foot they told time by stamping with his foot they told him they thought now that it was high him they thought now that it was high him they thought now that it was high time for him to stamp in fact Pompei time for him to stamp in fact Pompei time for him to stamp in fact Pompei found the current setting everywhere found the current setting everywhere found the current setting everywhere strongly against him some recommended strongly against him some recommended strongly against him some recommended that Commission Commissioners should be that Commission Commissioners should be that Commission Commissioners should be sent to Caesar to make proposals for sent to Caesar to make proposals for sent to Caesar to make proposals for peace the leading men however knowing peace the leading men however knowing peace the leading men however knowing that any peace made with him under such that any peace made with him under such that any peace made with him under such circumstances would be their own ruin circumstances would be their own ruin circumstances would be their own ruin resisted and defeated the proposal Kato resisted and defeated the proposal Kato resisted and defeated the proposal Kato abruptly left the city and proceeded to abruptly left the city and proceeded to abruptly left the city and proceeded to Sicily which had been assigned to him as Sicily which had been assigned to him as Sicily which had been assigned to him as his Province others fled in other his Province others fled in other his Province others fled in other directions Pompei himself uncertain what directions Pompei himself uncertain what directions Pompei himself uncertain what to do and not daring to remain called to do and not daring to remain called to do and not daring to remain called upon all his partisans to join him and upon all his partisans to join him and upon all his partisans to join him and set off at night suddenly and with very set off at night suddenly and with very set off at night suddenly and with very little preparation and small supplies to little preparation and small supplies to little preparation and small supplies to retreat across the country toward the retreat across the country toward the retreat across the country toward the shores of the Adriatic Sea his shores of the Adriatic Sea his shores of the Adriatic Sea his destination was bruum the usual Port of destination was bruum the usual Port of destination was bruum the usual Port of embarcation for Macedon and Greece embarcation for Macedon and Greece embarcation for Macedon and Greece Caesar was all this time gradually

Caesar was all this time gradually Caesar was all this time gradually advancing toward Rome his soldiers were advancing toward Rome his soldiers were advancing toward Rome his soldiers were full of enthusiasm in his cause as his full of enthusiasm in his cause as his full of enthusiasm in his cause as his connection with the government at home connection with the government at home connection with the government at home was sundered the moment he crossed the was sundered the moment he crossed the was sundered the moment he crossed the Rubicon all supplies of money and Rubicon all supplies of money and Rubicon all supplies of money and Provisions were cut off in that quarter Provisions were cut off in that quarter Provisions were cut off in that quarter until he should arrive at the capital until he should arrive at the capital until he should arrive at the capital and take possession of it the soldiers and take possession of it the soldiers and take possession of it the soldiers voted however that they would serve him voted however that they would serve him voted however that they would serve him without pay the officers too assembled without pay the officers too assembled without pay the officers too assembled together and tendered him the aid of together and tendered him the aid of together and tendered him the aid of their contributions he had always their contributions he had always their contributions he had always observed a very generous policy in his observed a very generous policy in his observed a very generous policy in his dealings with them and he was now dealings with them and he was now dealings with them and he was now greatly gratified at receiving their greatly gratified at receiving their greatly gratified at receiving their requital of it the further he Advanced requital of it the further he Advanced requital of it the further he Advanced too the more he found the people of the too the more he found the people of the too the more he found the people of the country through which he passed disposed country through which he passed disposed country through which he passed disposed to espouse his cause they were struck to espouse his cause they were struck to espouse his cause they were struck with his generosity in releasing Demus with his generosity in releasing Demus with his generosity in releasing Demus it is true that it was a very sagacious it is true that it was a very sagacious it is true that it was a very sagacious policy that prompted him to release him policy that prompted him to release him policy that prompted him to release him but then it was generosity too in fact but then it was generosity too in fact but then it was generosity too in fact there must be something of a generous there must be something of a generous there must be something of a generous spirit in the soul to enable a man even spirit in the soul to enable a man even spirit in the soul to enable a man even to see the policy of generous actions to see the policy of generous actions to see the policy of generous actions among the letters of Caesar that remain among the letters of Caesar that remain among the letters of Caesar that remain to the present day there is one written to the present day there is one written to the present day there is one written about this time to one of his friends in about this time to one of his friends in about this time to one of his friends in which he speaks of this subject I am which he speaks of this subject I am which he speaks of this subject I am glad says he that you approve of my glad says he that you approve of my glad says he that you approve of my conduct at corinium I am satisfied that conduct at corinium I am satisfied that conduct at corinium I am satisfied that such a course is the best one for us to such a course is the best one for us to such a course is the best one for us to pursue as by so doing we shall gain the pursue as by so doing we shall gain the pursue as by so doing we shall gain the Good Will of all parties and thus secure Good Will of all parties and thus secure Good Will of all parties and thus secure a permanent Victory most conquerors have a permanent Victory most conquerors have a permanent Victory most conquerors have incurred the hatred of mankind by their incurred the hatred of mankind by their incurred the hatred of mankind by their cruelties and have all in the cruelties and have all in the cruelties and have all in the consequence of the enmity they have thus consequence of the enmity they have thus consequence of the enmity they have thus awakened been prevented from long awakened been prevented from long awakened been prevented from long enjoying their power Sila was an enjoying their power Sila was an enjoying their power Sila was an exception but his example of successful exception but his example of successful exception but his example of successful cruelty I have no disposition to imitate

cruelty I have no disposition to imitate cruelty I have no disposition to imitate I will conquer after a new fashion and I will conquer after a new fashion and I will conquer after a new fashion and fortify myself in the possession of the fortify myself in the possession of the fortify myself in the possession of the power I acquire by generosity and mercy power I acquire by generosity and mercy power I acquire by generosity and mercy deisius had the ingratitude after this deisius had the ingratitude after this deisius had the ingratitude after this release to take up arms again and wage a release to take up arms again and wage a release to take up arms again and wage a new war against Caesar when Caesar heard new war against Caesar when Caesar heard new war against Caesar when Caesar heard of it he said it was all right I will of it he said it was all right I will of it he said it was all right I will act out the principles of my nature said act out the principles of my nature said act out the principles of my nature said he and he may act out his another he and he may act out his another he and he may act out his another instance of Caesar's generosity occurred instance of Caesar's generosity occurred instance of Caesar's generosity occurred which is even more remarkable than this which is even more remarkable than this which is even more remarkable than this it seems that among the officers of his it seems that among the officers of his it seems that among the officers of his army there were some whom he had army there were some whom he had army there were some whom he had appointed at the recommendation of appointed at the recommendation of appointed at the recommendation of Pompei at the time when he and Pompei Pompei at the time when he and Pompei Pompei at the time when he and Pompei were friends these men would of course were friends these men would of course were friends these men would of course feel under obligations of gratitude to feel under obligations of gratitude to feel under obligations of gratitude to pompe as they owed their military rank pompe as they owed their military rank pompe as they owed their military rank to his friendly interposition in their to his friendly interposition in their to his friendly interposition in their behalf as soon as the war broke broke behalf as soon as the war broke broke behalf as soon as the war broke broke out Caesar gave them all his free out Caesar gave them all his free out Caesar gave them all his free permission to go over to pompei's side permission to go over to pompei's side permission to go over to pompei's side if they chose to do so Caesar acted thus if they chose to do so Caesar acted thus if they chose to do so Caesar acted thus very liberally in all respects he very liberally in all respects he very liberally in all respects he surpassed Pompei very much in the spirit surpassed Pompei very much in the spirit surpassed Pompei very much in the spirit of generosity and mercy with which he of generosity and mercy with which he of generosity and mercy with which he entered upon the great contest before entered upon the great contest before entered upon the great contest before them Pompei ordered every citizen to them Pompei ordered every citizen to them Pompei ordered every citizen to join his standard declaring that he join his standard declaring that he join his standard declaring that he should consider all neutrals as his should consider all neutrals as his should consider all neutrals as his enemies Caesar on the other hand gave enemies Caesar on the other hand gave enemies Caesar on the other hand gave free permission to everyone to decline free permission to everyone to decline free permission to everyone to decline if he chose taking any part in the if he chose taking any part in the if he chose taking any part in the contest saying that he should consider contest saying that he should consider contest saying that he should consider all who did not act against him as his all who did not act against him as his all who did not act against him as his friends in the political contexts of our friends in the political contexts of our friends in the political contexts of our day it is to be observed that the day it is to be observed that the day it is to be observed that the combatants are much more prone to combatants are much more prone to combatants are much more prone to imitate the bigotry of Pompei than the imitate the bigotry of Pompei than the imitate the bigotry of Pompei than the generosity of Caesar condemning as they

generosity of Caesar condemning as they generosity of Caesar condemning as they often do those who choose to stand aloof often do those who choose to stand aloof often do those who choose to stand aloof from electioneering struggles more than from electioneering struggles more than from electioneering struggles more than they do their most determined opponents they do their most determined opponents they do their most determined opponents and and and enemies when at length Caesar arrived at enemies when at length Caesar arrived at enemies when at length Caesar arrived at bruum he found that Pompei had sent a bruum he found that Pompei had sent a bruum he found that Pompei had sent a part of his army across the Adria IC part of his army across the Adria IC part of his army across the Adria IC into Greece and was waiting for the into Greece and was waiting for the into Greece and was waiting for the transports to return that he might go transports to return that he might go transports to return that he might go over himself with the remainder in the over himself with the remainder in the over himself with the remainder in the meantime he had fortified himself meantime he had fortified himself meantime he had fortified himself strongly in the city Caesar immediately strongly in the city Caesar immediately strongly in the city Caesar immediately laid Siege to the place and he commenced laid Siege to the place and he commenced laid Siege to the place and he commenced some Works to block up the mouth of the some Works to block up the mouth of the some Works to block up the mouth of the harbor he built peers on each side harbor he built peers on each side harbor he built peers on each side extending out as far into the sea as the extending out as far into the sea as the extending out as far into the sea as the depth of the water would allow them to depth of the water would allow them to depth of the water would allow them to be built he then constructed a series of be built he then constructed a series of be built he then constructed a series of rafts which he anchored on the deep rafts which he anchored on the deep rafts which he anchored on the deep water in a line extending from one Pier water in a line extending from one Pier water in a line extending from one Pier to the other he built Towers upon these to the other he built Towers upon these to the other he built Towers upon these rafts and garrisoned them with soldiers rafts and garrisoned them with soldiers rafts and garrisoned them with soldiers in hopes by this means to prevent all in hopes by this means to prevent all in hopes by this means to prevent all egress from the fort he thought that egress from the fort he thought that egress from the fort he thought that when this work was completed Pompei when this work was completed Pompei when this work was completed Pompei would be entirely shut in beyond all would be entirely shut in beyond all would be entirely shut in beyond all possibility of escape the transports possibility of escape the transports possibility of escape the transports however returned before the work was however returned before the work was however returned before the work was completed its progress was of course completed its progress was of course completed its progress was of course slow as the constructions were the scene slow as the constructions were the scene slow as the constructions were the scene of a continued Conflict for Pompei sent of a continued Conflict for Pompei sent of a continued Conflict for Pompei sent out rafts and gys against them every day out rafts and gys against them every day out rafts and gys against them every day and the workmen had thus to build in the and the workmen had thus to build in the and the workmen had thus to build in the midst of continual interruptions midst of continual interruptions midst of continual interruptions sometimes from Showers of darts arrows sometimes from Showers of darts arrows sometimes from Showers of darts arrows and javelins sometimes from the and javelins sometimes from the and javelins sometimes from the conflagrations of fire ships and conflagrations of fire ships and conflagrations of fire ships and sometimes from the terrible concussions sometimes from the terrible concussions sometimes from the terrible concussions of great vessels of war impelled with of great vessels of war impelled with of great vessels of war impelled with prodigious Force against them the prodigious Force against them the prodigious Force against them the transports returned therefore before the transports returned therefore before the transports returned therefore before the fences were complete and contrived to fences were complete and contrived to fences were complete and contrived to get into the harbor Pompei immediately

get into the harbor Pompei immediately get into the harbor Pompei immediately formed his plan for embarking the formed his plan for embarking the formed his plan for embarking the remainder of his army he filled the remainder of his army he filled the remainder of his army he filled the streets of the city with barricades and streets of the city with barricades and streets of the city with barricades and pitfalls excepting two streets which led pitfalls excepting two streets which led pitfalls excepting two streets which led to the place of embarcation the object to the place of embarcation the object to the place of embarcation the object of these obstru C was to embarrass of these obstru C was to embarrass of these obstru C was to embarrass Caesar's progress through the city in Caesar's progress through the city in Caesar's progress through the city in case he should force an entrance while case he should force an entrance while case he should force an entrance while his men were getting on board the ships his men were getting on board the ships his men were getting on board the ships he then in order to divert Caesar's he then in order to divert Caesar's he then in order to divert Caesar's attention from his design doubled the attention from his design doubled the attention from his design doubled the guards stationed upon the walls on the guards stationed upon the walls on the guards stationed upon the walls on the evening of his intended embarcation and evening of his intended embarcation and evening of his intended embarcation and ordered them to make vigorous attacks ordered them to make vigorous attacks ordered them to make vigorous attacks upon all Caesar's forces outside he then upon all Caesar's forces outside he then upon all Caesar's forces outside he then when the darkness came on marched his when the darkness came on marched his when the darkness came on marched his troops through the two streets which had troops through the two streets which had troops through the two streets which had been left open to The Landing place and been left open to The Landing place and been left open to The Landing place and got them as fast as possible on board got them as fast as possible on board got them as fast as possible on board the transports some of the people of the the transports some of the people of the the transports some of the people of the Town contrived to make known to Caesar's Town contrived to make known to Caesar's Town contrived to make known to Caesar's Army what was going on by means of Army what was going on by means of Army what was going on by means of signals from the walls the Army signals from the walls the Army signals from the walls the Army immediately brought scaling ladders in immediately brought scaling ladders in immediately brought scaling ladders in great numbers and mounting the walls great numbers and mounting the walls great numbers and mounting the walls with great ardor and impetuosity they with great ardor and impetuosity they with great ardor and impetuosity they drove all before them and soon broke drove all before them and soon broke drove all before them and soon broke open the gates and got possession of the open the gates and got possession of the open the gates and got possession of the city but the barricades and pitfalls city but the barricades and pitfalls city but the barricades and pitfalls together with the darkness so together with the darkness so together with the darkness so embarrassed their movements that Pompei embarrassed their movements that Pompei embarrassed their movements that Pompei succeeded in completing his embarcation succeeded in completing his embarcation succeeded in completing his embarcation and sailing away Caesar had no ships in and sailing away Caesar had no ships in and sailing away Caesar had no ships in which to follow he returned to Rome he which to follow he returned to Rome he which to follow he returned to Rome he met of course with no opposition he met of course with no opposition he met of course with no opposition he reestablished the government there reestablished the government there reestablished the government there organized the Senate a new and obtained organized the Senate a new and obtained organized the Senate a new and obtained supplies of corn from the public supplies of corn from the public supplies of corn from the public granaries and of money from the city granaries and of money from the city granaries and of money from the city treasury in the Capal in going to the treasury in the Capal in going to the treasury in the Capal in going to the capitaline hill after this treasure he capitaline hill after this treasure he capitaline hill after this treasure he found the officer who had charge of the found the officer who had charge of the found the officer who had charge of the money stationed there to defend it he

money stationed there to defend it he money stationed there to defend it he told Caesar that it was contrary to law told Caesar that it was contrary to law told Caesar that it was contrary to law for him to enter Caesar said that for for him to enter Caesar said that for for him to enter Caesar said that for men with swords in their hands there was men with swords in their hands there was men with swords in their hands there was no law the officer still refused to no law the officer still refused to no law the officer still refused to admit him Caesar then told him to open admit him Caesar then told him to open admit him Caesar then told him to open the doors or he would kill him on the the doors or he would kill him on the the doors or he would kill him on the spot and you must understand he added spot and you must understand he added spot and you must understand he added that it will be easier for me to do it that it will be easier for me to do it that it will be easier for me to do it than it has been to say it the officer than it has been to say it the officer than it has been to say it the officer resisted no longer and Caesar went in resisted no longer and Caesar went in resisted no longer and Caesar went in after this Caesar spent some time in after this Caesar spent some time in after this Caesar spent some time in rigorous campaigns in Italy Spain Sicily rigorous campaigns in Italy Spain Sicily rigorous campaigns in Italy Spain Sicily and Gaul wherever there was manifested and Gaul wherever there was manifested and Gaul wherever there was manifested any opposition to his sway when this any opposition to his sway when this any opposition to his sway when this work was accomplished and all these work was accomplished and all these work was accomplished and all these countries were completely subjected to countries were completely subjected to countries were completely subjected to his Dominion he began to turn his his Dominion he began to turn his his Dominion he began to turn his thoughts to the plan of pursu uing thoughts to the plan of pursu uing thoughts to the plan of pursu uing Pompei across the Adriatic Sea end of Pompei across the Adriatic Sea end of Pompei across the Adriatic Sea end of chapter 6 chapter 7 of history of Julius Caesar 6 chapter 7 of history of Julius Caesar this is a LibriVox recording all this is a LibriVox recording all this is a LibriVox recording all LibriVox recordings are in the public LibriVox recordings are in the public LibriVox recordings are in the public domain for more information or to domain for more information or to domain for more information or to volunteer please visit librivox.org volunteer please visit librivox.org volunteer please visit librivox.org recording by Kathy Barrett history of recording by Kathy Barrett history of recording by Kathy Barrett history of Julius Caesar by Jacob Abbott chapter 7 Julius Caesar by Jacob Abbott chapter 7 Julius Caesar by Jacob Abbott chapter 7 the battle of the battle of the battle of farsia the Gathering of the armies of farsia the Gathering of the armies of farsia the Gathering of the armies of Caesar and Pompei on the opposite shores Caesar and Pompei on the opposite shores Caesar and Pompei on the opposite shores of the Adriatic Sea was one of the of the Adriatic Sea was one of the of the Adriatic Sea was one of the grandest preparations for conflict that grandest preparations for conflict that grandest preparations for conflict that history has recorded and the whole world history has recorded and the whole world history has recorded and the whole world gazed upon the spectacle at the time gazed upon the spectacle at the time gazed upon the spectacle at the time with an intense and eager interest which

with an intense and eager interest which with an intense and eager interest which was heightened by the awe and Terror was heightened by the awe and Terror was heightened by the awe and Terror which the danger which the danger which the danger inspired during the year while Cesar had inspired during the year while Cesar had inspired during the year while Cesar had been completing his work of subduing and been completing his work of subduing and been completing his work of subduing and arranging all the western part of the arranging all the western part of the arranging all the western part of the empire Pompei had been Gathering From empire Pompei had been Gathering From empire Pompei had been Gathering From the Eastern Division every possible the Eastern Division every possible the Eastern Division every possible contribution to swell the military force contribution to swell the military force contribution to swell the military force under his command and had been under his command and had been under his command and had been concentrating all these elements of concentrating all these elements of concentrating all these elements of power on the coasts of Macedon and power on the coasts of Macedon and power on the coasts of Macedon and Greece opposite to brundisium where he Greece opposite to brundisium where he Greece opposite to brundisium where he knew that Caesar would attempt to cross knew that Caesar would attempt to cross knew that Caesar would attempt to cross the Adriatic Sea his camps his the Adriatic Sea his camps his the Adriatic Sea his camps his detachments his troops of archers and detachments his troops of archers and detachments his troops of archers and Slingers and his Squadron of horse Slingers and his Squadron of horse Slingers and his Squadron of horse filled the land while every port was filled the land while every port was filled the land while every port was guarded and the line of the coast was guarded and the line of the coast was guarded and the line of the coast was environed by batteries and Castles On environed by batteries and Castles On environed by batteries and Castles On The Rocks rocks and fleets of gys on the The Rocks rocks and fleets of gys on the The Rocks rocks and fleets of gys on the water Caesar Advanced with his immense water Caesar Advanced with his immense water Caesar Advanced with his immense Army to Brum on the opposite Shore in Army to Brum on the opposite Shore in Army to Brum on the opposite Shore in December so that in addition to the December so that in addition to the December so that in addition to the formidable resistance prepared for him formidable resistance prepared for him formidable resistance prepared for him by his enemy on the coast he had to by his enemy on the coast he had to by his enemy on the coast he had to encounter the wild surges of the encounter the wild surges of the encounter the wild surges of the Adriatic rolling perpetually in the dark Adriatic rolling perpetually in the dark Adriatic rolling perpetually in the dark and gloomy commotion always raised in and gloomy commotion always raised in and gloomy commotion always raised in such wide Seas by wintry such wide Seas by wintry such wide Seas by wintry storms Caesar had no ships for Pompei storms Caesar had no ships for Pompei storms Caesar had no ships for Pompei had cleared the Seas of everything which had cleared the Seas of everything which had cleared the Seas of everything which could Aid him in his intended passage by could Aid him in his intended passage by could Aid him in his intended passage by great efforts however he succeeded at great efforts however he succeeded at great efforts however he succeeded at length in getting together a sufficient length in getting together a sufficient length in getting together a sufficient number of galleys to convey over a part number of galleys to convey over a part number of galleys to convey over a part of his army provided he took the men of his army provided he took the men of his army provided he took the men alone and left all his military stores alone and left all his military stores alone and left all his military stores and baggage behind he gathered his army and baggage behind he gathered his army and baggage behind he gathered his army together therefore and made them an together therefore and made them an together therefore and made them an address representing that they were now

address representing that they were now address representing that they were now drawing toward the end of all their drawing toward the end of all their drawing toward the end of all their dangers and toils they were about to dangers and toils they were about to dangers and toils they were about to meet their great enemy for a final meet their great enemy for a final meet their great enemy for a final Conflict it was not necessary to take Conflict it was not necessary to take Conflict it was not necessary to take their servants their baggage and their their servants their baggage and their their servants their baggage and their stores across the sea for they were sure stores across the sea for they were sure stores across the sea for they were sure of Victory and victory would furnish of Victory and victory would furnish of Victory and victory would furnish them with ample supplies from Those whom them with ample supplies from Those whom them with ample supplies from Those whom they were about to they were about to they were about to conquer the soldiers eagerly embi the conquer the soldiers eagerly embi the conquer the soldiers eagerly embi the spirit of confidence and courage which spirit of confidence and courage which spirit of confidence and courage which Caesar himself expressed a large Caesar himself expressed a large Caesar himself expressed a large Detachment embarked and put to Sea and Detachment embarked and put to Sea and Detachment embarked and put to Sea and after being tossed all night upon the after being tossed all night upon the after being tossed all night upon the cold and Stormy Waters they approached cold and Stormy Waters they approached cold and Stormy Waters they approached the shore at some distance to the the shore at some distance to the the shore at some distance to the northward of the place where pompei's northward of the place where pompei's northward of the place where pompei's fleets had expected them it was at a fleets had expected them it was at a fleets had expected them it was at a point where the mountain came down near point where the mountain came down near point where the mountain came down near to the Sea rendering the coast rugged to the Sea rendering the coast rugged to the Sea rendering the coast rugged and dangerous with shelving rocks and and dangerous with shelving rocks and and dangerous with shelving rocks and frowning frowning frowning promontories here Caesar succeeded in promontories here Caesar succeeded in promontories here Caesar succeeded in affecting a landing of the first affecting a landing of the first affecting a landing of the first division of his troops and then sent division of his troops and then sent division of his troops and then sent back the fleet for the remainder the back the fleet for the remainder the back the fleet for the remainder the news of his passage spread rapidly to news of his passage spread rapidly to news of his passage spread rapidly to all Pompei stations along the coast and all Pompei stations along the coast and all Pompei stations along the coast and the ships began to gather and the armies the ships began to gather and the armies the ships began to gather and the armies to March toward the point where Caesar to March toward the point where Caesar to March toward the point where Caesar had affected his Landing the conflict had affected his Landing the conflict had affected his Landing the conflict and struggle commenced one of pompei's and struggle commenced one of pompei's and struggle commenced one of pompei's Admirals intercepted the fleet of gs on Admirals intercepted the fleet of gs on Admirals intercepted the fleet of gs on their return and seized and burned a their return and seized and burned a their return and seized and burned a large number of them with all who were large number of them with all who were large number of them with all who were on board this of course only renewed the on board this of course only renewed the on board this of course only renewed the determined desperation of the remainder determined desperation of the remainder determined desperation of the remainder Caesar Advanced along the coast with the Caesar Advanced along the coast with the Caesar Advanced along the coast with the troops which he had landed driving troops which he had landed driving troops which he had landed driving pompei's troops before him and subduing pompei's troops before him and subduing pompei's troops before him and subduing town after town as he Advanced the

town after town as he Advanced the town after town as he Advanced the country was filled with Terror and country was filled with Terror and country was filled with Terror and dismay the portion of the army which dismay the portion of the army which dismay the portion of the army which Caesar had left behind could not now Caesar had left behind could not now Caesar had left behind could not now cross partly on account of the stormy cross partly on account of the stormy cross partly on account of the stormy condition of the the Seas the diminished condition of the the Seas the diminished condition of the the Seas the diminished number of the ships and the redoubled number of the ships and the redoubled number of the ships and the redoubled vigilance with which pompei's forces now vigilance with which pompei's forces now vigilance with which pompei's forces now guarded the shores but mainly because guarded the shores but mainly because guarded the shores but mainly because Caesar was now no longer with them to Caesar was now no longer with them to Caesar was now no longer with them to inspire them with his Reckless though inspire them with his Reckless though inspire them with his Reckless though calm and quiet daring they remained calm and quiet daring they remained calm and quiet daring they remained therefore in anxiety and distress on the therefore in anxiety and distress on the therefore in anxiety and distress on the Italian Shore as Caesar on the other Italian Shore as Caesar on the other Italian Shore as Caesar on the other hand Advanced along the Macedonian Shore hand Advanced along the Macedonian Shore hand Advanced along the Macedonian Shore and drove Pompei back into the interior and drove Pompei back into the interior and drove Pompei back into the interior he cut off the communication between he cut off the communication between he cut off the communication between pompe ships and the land so that the pompe ships and the land so that the pompe ships and the land so that the fleet was soon reduced to Great distress fleet was soon reduced to Great distress fleet was soon reduced to Great distress for want of provisions and water the men for want of provisions and water the men for want of provisions and water the men kept themselves from perishing with kept themselves from perishing with kept themselves from perishing with Thirst by collecting the Dew which fell Thirst by collecting the Dew which fell Thirst by collecting the Dew which fell upon the decks of their galys Caesar's upon the decks of their galys Caesar's upon the decks of their galys Caesar's Army was also in distress for pompei's Army was also in distress for pompei's Army was also in distress for pompei's fleets cut off all supplies by water and fleets cut off all supplies by water and fleets cut off all supplies by water and his troops hemmed them in on the side of his troops hemmed them in on the side of his troops hemmed them in on the side of the land and lastly Pompei himself with the land and lastly Pompei himself with the land and lastly Pompei himself with the immense Army that was under his the immense Army that was under his the immense Army that was under his command began to be struck with alarm at command began to be struck with alarm at command began to be struck with alarm at the impending danger with which they the impending danger with which they the impending danger with which they were threatened Pompei little realized were threatened Pompei little realized were threatened Pompei little realized however how Dreadful a fate was soon to however how Dreadful a fate was soon to however how Dreadful a fate was soon to overwhelm him the winter months rolled overwhelm him the winter months rolled overwhelm him the winter months rolled away and nothing effectual was done the away and nothing effectual was done the away and nothing effectual was done the forces alternating and intermingled as forces alternating and intermingled as forces alternating and intermingled as above described kept each other in a above described kept each other in a above described kept each other in a continued state of anxiety and suffering continued state of anxiety and suffering continued state of anxiety and suffering Caesar became impatient at the delay of Caesar became impatient at the delay of Caesar became impatient at the delay of that portion of his army that he had that portion of his army that he had that portion of his army that he had left on the Italian Shore the messages

left on the Italian Shore the messages left on the Italian Shore the messages of encouragement and of urgency which he of encouragement and of urgency which he of encouragement and of urgency which he sent across to them did not bring them sent across to them did not bring them sent across to them did not bring them over and at length one dark and stormy over and at length one dark and stormy over and at length one dark and stormy night when he thought that the night when he thought that the night when he thought that the inclemency of the skies and the heavy inclemency of the skies and the heavy inclemency of the skies and the heavy surging of the swell in the offing would surging of the swell in the offing would surging of the swell in the offing would drive his Vigilant enemies into places drive his Vigilant enemies into places drive his Vigilant enemies into places of shelter and put them off their guard of shelter and put them off their guard of shelter and put them off their guard he determined to cross the sea himself he determined to cross the sea himself he determined to cross the sea himself and bring his hesitating Army over he and bring his hesitating Army over he and bring his hesitating Army over he ordered a galley to be prepared and went ordered a galley to be prepared and went ordered a galley to be prepared and went on board of it disguised and with his on board of it disguised and with his on board of it disguised and with his head muffled in his mantle intending head muffled in his mantle intending head muffled in his mantle intending that not even the officers or crew of that not even the officers or crew of that not even the officers or crew of the ship which was to convey him should the ship which was to convey him should the ship which was to convey him should know of his design The Galley in know of his design The Galley in know of his design The Galley in obedience to orders put off from the obedience to orders put off from the obedience to orders put off from the shore the Mariners in endeavored in vain shore the Mariners in endeavored in vain shore the Mariners in endeavored in vain for some time to make head against the for some time to make head against the for some time to make head against the violence of the wind and the heavy violence of the wind and the heavy violence of the wind and the heavy concussions of the waves and at length concussions of the waves and at length concussions of the waves and at length terrified at the imminence of the danger terrified at the imminence of the danger terrified at the imminence of the danger to which so wild and tumultuous a sea on to which so wild and tumultuous a sea on to which so wild and tumultuous a sea on such a night exposed them refused to such a night exposed them refused to such a night exposed them refused to proceed and the commander gave them proceed and the commander gave them proceed and the commander gave them orders to return Caesar then came orders to return Caesar then came orders to return Caesar then came forward threw off his mantle and said to forward threw off his mantle and said to forward threw off his mantle and said to them friends you have nothing to fear them friends you have nothing to fear them friends you have nothing to fear you are carrying you are carrying you are carrying Caesar the men were of course inspirited Caesar the men were of course inspirited Caesar the men were of course inspirited a new by this disclosure but all was in a new by this disclosure but all was in a new by this disclosure but all was in vain the obstacle to the passage proved vain the obstacle to the passage proved vain the obstacle to the passage proved insurmountable and the galley to avoid insurmountable and the galley to avoid insurmountable and the galley to avoid certain destruction was compelled to certain destruction was compelled to certain destruction was compelled to return the Army however on the Italian return the Army however on the Italian return the Army however on the Italian side hearing of Caesar's attempt to side hearing of Caesar's attempt to side hearing of Caesar's attempt to return to them fruitless though it was return to them fruitless though it was return to them fruitless though it was and stimulated by the renewed urgency of and stimulated by the renewed urgency of and stimulated by the renewed urgency of the orders which he now sent to them the orders which he now sent to them the orders which he now sent to them made arrangements at last for an made arrangements at last for an made arrangements at last for an embarcation and after encountering great embarcation and after encountering great embarcation and after encountering great dangers on the way succeeded in landing

dangers on the way succeeded in landing dangers on the way succeeded in landing in safety Caesar thus strengthened began in safety Caesar thus strengthened began in safety Caesar thus strengthened began to plan more decided operations for the to plan more decided operations for the to plan more decided operations for the coming spring coming spring coming spring there were some attempts at negotiation there were some attempts at negotiation there were some attempts at negotiation the armies were so exasperated against the armies were so exasperated against the armies were so exasperated against each other on account of the probations each other on account of the probations each other on account of the probations and hardships which each compelled the and hardships which each compelled the and hardships which each compelled the other to suffer that they felt too other to suffer that they felt too other to suffer that they felt too strong a mutual distrust to attempt any strong a mutual distrust to attempt any strong a mutual distrust to attempt any regular communication by Commissioners regular communication by Commissioners regular communication by Commissioners or ambassadors appointed for the purpose or ambassadors appointed for the purpose or ambassadors appointed for the purpose they came to a parley however in one or they came to a parley however in one or they came to a parley however in one or two instances though the interviews led two instances though the interviews led two instances though the interviews led to no result as the missiles used in to no result as the missiles used in to no result as the missiles used in those days were such as could only be those days were such as could only be those days were such as could only be thrown to a very short distance hostile thrown to a very short distance hostile thrown to a very short distance hostile bodies of men could approach much nearer bodies of men could approach much nearer bodies of men could approach much nearer to each other then than is possible now to each other then than is possible now to each other then than is possible now when projectiles of the most terribly when projectiles of the most terribly when projectiles of the most terribly destructive character can be thrown for destructive character can be thrown for destructive character can be thrown for miles in one instance some of the ships miles in one instance some of the ships miles in one instance some of the ships of Pomp's Fleet approached so near to of Pomp's Fleet approached so near to of Pomp's Fleet approached so near to the shore as to open a conference with the shore as to open a conference with the shore as to open a conference with one or two of Caesar's lieutenants who one or two of Caesar's lieutenants who one or two of Caesar's lieutenants who were encamped there in another case two were encamped there in another case two were encamped there in another case two bodies of troops from the respective bodies of troops from the respective bodies of troops from the respective armies were separated only by a river armies were separated only by a river armies were separated only by a river and the officers and soldiers came down and the officers and soldiers came down and the officers and soldiers came down to the banks on either side and held to the banks on either side and held to the banks on either side and held frequent conversations calling to each frequent conversations calling to each frequent conversations calling to each other in loud voices across the water in other in loud voices across the water in other in loud voices across the water in this way they succeeded in so far coming this way they succeeded in so far coming this way they succeeded in so far coming to an agreement as to fix upon a time to an agreement as to fix upon a time to an agreement as to fix upon a time and place for a more formal conference and place for a more formal conference and place for a more formal conference to be held by Commissioners chosen on to be held by Commissioners chosen on to be held by Commissioners chosen on each side this conference was thus held each side this conference was thus held each side this conference was thus held but each party came to it accompanied by but each party came to it accompanied by but each party came to it accompanied by a considerable body of attendants and a considerable body of attendants and a considerable body of attendants and these as might have been anticipated these as might have been anticipated these as might have been anticipated came into open Collision while the came into open Collision while the came into open Collision while the discussion was pending thus the meeting

discussion was pending thus the meeting discussion was pending thus the meeting consequently ended in violence and consequently ended in violence and consequently ended in violence and disorder each party accusing the other disorder each party accusing the other disorder each party accusing the other of viol a in the faith which both had of viol a in the faith which both had of viol a in the faith which both had plighted this slow and undecided mode of plighted this slow and undecided mode of plighted this slow and undecided mode of warfare between the two vast armies warfare between the two vast armies warfare between the two vast armies continued for many months without any continued for many months without any continued for many months without any decisive results there were skirmishes decisive results there were skirmishes decisive results there were skirmishes struggles sieges blockades and many struggles sieges blockades and many struggles sieges blockades and many brief and partial conflicts but no brief and partial conflicts but no brief and partial conflicts but no General and decided battle now the General and decided battle now the General and decided battle now the advantage seemed on one side and now on advantage seemed on one side and now on advantage seemed on one side and now on the other Pompei so hemmed in Caesar's the other Pompei so hemmed in Caesar's the other Pompei so hemmed in Caesar's troops at one period And so cut off his troops at one period And so cut off his troops at one period And so cut off his supplies that the men were reduced us to supplies that the men were reduced us to supplies that the men were reduced us to extreme distress for food at length they extreme distress for food at length they extreme distress for food at length they found a kind of root which they dug from found a kind of root which they dug from found a kind of root which they dug from the ground and after drying and the ground and after drying and the ground and after drying and pulverizing it they made a sort of bread pulverizing it they made a sort of bread pulverizing it they made a sort of bread of the powder which the soldiers were of the powder which the soldiers were of the powder which the soldiers were willing to eat rather than either starve willing to eat rather than either starve willing to eat rather than either starve or give up the contest they told Caesar or give up the contest they told Caesar or give up the contest they told Caesar in fact that they would live on the bark in fact that they would live on the bark in fact that they would live on the bark of trees rather than abandon his cause of trees rather than abandon his cause of trees rather than abandon his cause Pompei soldiers at one time coming near Pompei soldiers at one time coming near Pompei soldiers at one time coming near to the walls of a town which they to the walls of a town which they to the walls of a town which they occupied taunted and Jered them on occupied taunted and Jered them on occupied taunted and Jered them on account of their wretched destitution of account of their wretched destitution of account of their wretched destitution of food Caesar soldiers threw loaves of food Caesar soldiers threw loaves of food Caesar soldiers threw loaves of this bread at them in return by way of this bread at them in return by way of this bread at them in return by way of symbol that they were abundantly symbol that they were abundantly symbol that they were abundantly supplied after some time the tide of supplied after some time the tide of supplied after some time the tide of Fortune turned Caesar contrived by a Fortune turned Caesar contrived by a Fortune turned Caesar contrived by a succession of adroit Maneuvers and succession of adroit Maneuvers and succession of adroit Maneuvers and movements to escape from his toils and movements to escape from his toils and movements to escape from his toils and to circumvent and Surround Pomp's forces to circumvent and Surround Pomp's forces to circumvent and Surround Pomp's forces so as soon to make them suffer so as soon to make them suffer so as soon to make them suffer destitution and distress in their turn destitution and distress in their turn destitution and distress in their turn he cut off all communication between he cut off all communication between he cut off all communication between them and the country at large and turned

them and the country at large and turned them and the country at large and turned away the Brooks and streams from flowing away the Brooks and streams from flowing away the Brooks and streams from flowing through the ground they occupied an army through the ground they occupied an army through the ground they occupied an army of 40 or 50,000 men with the immense of 40 or 50,000 men with the immense of 40 or 50,000 men with the immense number of horses and beasts of Burden number of horses and beasts of Burden number of horses and beasts of Burden which accompany them require very large which accompany them require very large which accompany them require very large supplies of water and any destitution or supplies of water and any destitution or supplies of water and any destitution or even scarcity of water leads immediately even scarcity of water leads immediately even scarcity of water leads immediately to the most Dreadful consequences Pomp's to the most Dreadful consequences Pomp's to the most Dreadful consequences Pomp's troops dug Wells but they obtained only troops dug Wells but they obtained only troops dug Wells but they obtained only very insufficient supplies great numbers very insufficient supplies great numbers very insufficient supplies great numbers of beasts of Burden died and their of beasts of Burden died and their of beasts of Burden died and their decaying bodies so tainted the air as to decaying bodies so tainted the air as to decaying bodies so tainted the air as to produce epidemic diseases which produce epidemic diseases which produce epidemic diseases which destroyed many of the troops and destroyed many of the troops and destroyed many of the troops and oppressed and disheartened Those whom oppressed and disheartened Those whom oppressed and disheartened Those whom they did not they did not they did not destroy during all these operations destroy during all these operations destroy during all these operations there was no decisive General battle there was no decisive General battle there was no decisive General battle each one of the great Rivals knew very each one of the great Rivals knew very each one of the great Rivals knew very well that his defeat in one General well that his defeat in one General well that his defeat in one General battle would be his utter and battle would be his utter and battle would be his utter and irretrievable ruin in a war between two irretrievable ruin in a war between two irretrievable ruin in a war between two independent nations a single Victory independent nations a single Victory independent nations a single Victory however complete seldom terminates the however complete seldom terminates the however complete seldom terminates the struggle for the defeated party has the struggle for the defeated party has the struggle for the defeated party has the resources of a whole realm to fall back resources of a whole realm to fall back resources of a whole realm to fall back upon which are sometimes called forth upon which are sometimes called forth upon which are sometimes called forth with renewed Vigor After experiencing with renewed Vigor After experiencing with renewed Vigor After experiencing such veres and then defeat in such cases such veres and then defeat in such cases such veres and then defeat in such cases even if it be final does not necessarily even if it be final does not necessarily even if it be final does not necessarily involve the ruin of the unsuccessful involve the ruin of the unsuccessful involve the ruin of the unsuccessful Commander he may negotiate an honorable Commander he may negotiate an honorable Commander he may negotiate an honorable peace and return to his own land in peace and return to his own land in peace and return to his own land in safety and if his misfortunes are safety and if his misfortunes are safety and if his misfortunes are considered by his countrymen as owing considered by his countrymen as owing considered by his countrymen as owing not to any dereliction from his duty as not to any dereliction from his duty as not to any dereliction from his duty as a soldier but to the influence of a soldier but to the influence of a soldier but to the influence of adverse circumstances which no human adverse circumstances which no human adverse circumstances which no human skill or resolution could have skill or resolution could have skill or resolution could have controlled he may spend the remainder of controlled he may spend the remainder of controlled he may spend the remainder of his days in prosperity and honor the

his days in prosperity and honor the his days in prosperity and honor the contest however between Caesar and contest however between Caesar and contest however between Caesar and Pompei was not of this character one or Pompei was not of this character one or Pompei was not of this character one or the other of them was a traitor and a the other of them was a traitor and a the other of them was a traitor and a usurper an enemy to his country the usurper an enemy to his country the usurper an enemy to his country the result of a battle would decide which of result of a battle would decide which of result of a battle would decide which of the two was to stand in this attitude the two was to stand in this attitude the two was to stand in this attitude Victory would legitimize and confirm the Victory would legitimize and confirm the Victory would legitimize and confirm the authority of one and make it Supreme authority of one and make it Supreme authority of one and make it Supreme Over the whole civilized World defeat Over the whole civilized World defeat Over the whole civilized World defeat was to annihilate the power of the other was to annihilate the power of the other was to annihilate the power of the other and make him a fugitive and a vagabond and make him a fugitive and a vagabond and make him a fugitive and a vagabond without friends without home without without friends without home without without friends without home without country country country it was a desperate stake and it is not it was a desperate stake and it is not it was a desperate stake and it is not at all surprising that both parties at all surprising that both parties at all surprising that both parties lingered and hesitated and postponed the lingered and hesitated and postponed the lingered and hesitated and postponed the throwing of the throwing of the throwing of the die at length Pompei rendered desperate die at length Pompei rendered desperate die at length Pompei rendered desperate by the urgency and the destitution and by the urgency and the destitution and by the urgency and the destitution and distress into which Caesar had shut him distress into which Caesar had shut him distress into which Caesar had shut him made a series of rigorous and successful made a series of rigorous and successful made a series of rigorous and successful attacks upon Caesar's Lines by which he attacks upon Caesar's Lines by which he attacks upon Caesar's Lines by which he broke away in his turn from his enemy's broke away in his turn from his enemy's broke away in his turn from his enemy's grasp and the two armies moved slowly grasp and the two armies moved slowly grasp and the two armies moved slowly back into the interior of the country back into the interior of the country back into the interior of the country hovering in the vicinity of each other hovering in the vicinity of each other hovering in the vicinity of each other like Birds of Prey contending in the air like Birds of Prey contending in the air like Birds of Prey contending in the air each continually striking at the other each continually striking at the other each continually striking at the other and moving onward at the same time to and moving onward at the same time to and moving onward at the same time to gain some position of advantage or to gain some position of advantage or to gain some position of advantage or to circumvent the other in such a design circumvent the other in such a design circumvent the other in such a design they passed on in this manner over they passed on in this manner over they passed on in this manner over Plains and across rivers and through Plains and across rivers and through Plains and across rivers and through mountain passes until at length they mountain passes until at length they mountain passes until at length they reached the heart of thessaly here at reached the heart of thessaly here at reached the heart of thessaly here at last the armies came to a stand and last the armies came to a stand and last the armies came to a stand and fought the final battle the place was fought the final battle the place was fought the final battle the place was known then as the plain of parelia and known then as the plain of parelia and known then as the plain of parelia and the greatness of the contest which was

the greatness of the contest which was the greatness of the contest which was decided there has immortalized its name decided there has immortalized its name decided there has immortalized its name Pomp's forces were far more numerous Pomp's forces were far more numerous Pomp's forces were far more numerous than those of Caesar and the advantage than those of Caesar and the advantage than those of Caesar and the advantage in all the partial contests which had in all the partial contests which had in all the partial contests which had taken place for some time had been on taken place for some time had been on taken place for some time had been on his side he felt consequently sure of his side he felt consequently sure of his side he felt consequently sure of Victory he drew up his men in a line one Victory he drew up his men in a line one Victory he drew up his men in a line one flank resting upon the bank of a river flank resting upon the bank of a river flank resting upon the bank of a river which protected them from Attack on that which protected them from Attack on that which protected them from Attack on that side from this point the long line of side from this point the long line of side from this point the long line of Legions drawn up in battle array Legions drawn up in battle array Legions drawn up in battle array extended out upon the plane and was extended out upon the plane and was extended out upon the plane and was terminated at the other extremity by terminated at the other extremity by terminated at the other extremity by strong squadrons of horse and bodies of strong squadrons of horse and bodies of strong squadrons of horse and bodies of Slingers and archers so as to give the Slingers and archers so as to give the Slingers and archers so as to give the force of weapons and the activity of men force of weapons and the activity of men force of weapons and the activity of men as great a range as possible there in as great a range as possible there in as great a range as possible there in order to prevent Caesars being able to order to prevent Caesars being able to order to prevent Caesars being able to outflank and surround them there was outflank and surround them there was outflank and surround them there was however apparently very little danger of however apparently very little danger of however apparently very little danger of this for Caesar according to his own this for Caesar according to his own this for Caesar according to his own story had but about half as strong a story had but about half as strong a story had but about half as strong a force as Pompei the army of the latter force as Pompei the army of the latter force as Pompei the army of the latter he says consisted of nearly 50,000 men he says consisted of nearly 50,000 men he says consisted of nearly 50,000 men while his own number was between 20 and while his own number was between 20 and while his own number was between 20 and 30,000 generals however are prone to 30,000 generals however are prone to 30,000 generals however are prone to magnify the military Grandeur of their magnify the military Grandeur of their magnify the military Grandeur of their exploits by overrating the strength with exploits by overrating the strength with exploits by overrating the strength with which they had to contend and which they had to contend and which they had to contend and underestimating their own we are underestimating their own we are underestimating their own we are therefore to receive with some distrust therefore to receive with some distrust therefore to receive with some distrust the statements made by Caesar and his the statements made by Caesar and his the statements made by Caesar and his partisans and as for pompei's story the partisans and as for pompei's story the partisans and as for pompei's story the total and irreparable ruin in which he total and irreparable ruin in which he total and irreparable ruin in which he himself and all who adhered to him were himself and all who adhered to him were himself and all who adhered to him were entirely overwhelmed immediately after entirely overwhelmed immediately after entirely overwhelmed immediately after the battle prevented its being ever the battle prevented its being ever the battle prevented its being ever told in the rear of the plane where told in the rear of the plane where told in the rear of the plane where pompei's lines were extended was the pompei's lines were extended was the pompei's lines were extended was the camp from which the Army had been drawn

camp from which the Army had been drawn camp from which the Army had been drawn out to prepare for the battle the out to prepare for the battle the out to prepare for the battle the campfires of the preceding night were campfires of the preceding night were campfires of the preceding night were mouldering away for it was a warm summer mouldering away for it was a warm summer mouldering away for it was a warm summer morning the entrenchments were guarded morning the entrenchments were guarded morning the entrenchments were guarded and the tents now nearly empty stood and the tents now nearly empty stood and the tents now nearly empty stood extended in Long rows within the extended in Long rows within the extended in Long rows within the enclosure in the midst of them was the enclosure in the midst of them was the enclosure in the midst of them was the Magnificent Pavilion of the general Magnificent Pavilion of the general Magnificent Pavilion of the general furnished with every imaginable article furnished with every imaginable article furnished with every imaginable article of luxury and Splendor attendants were of luxury and Splendor attendants were of luxury and Splendor attendants were busy here and there some rearranging busy here and there some rearranging busy here and there some rearranging what had been left in disorder by The what had been left in disorder by The what had been left in disorder by The Call to Arms by which the troops had Call to Arms by which the troops had Call to Arms by which the troops had been summoned from their places of rest been summoned from their places of rest been summoned from their places of rest and others providing refreshments and and others providing refreshments and and others providing refreshments and food for their Victorious conrades when food for their Victorious conrades when food for their Victorious conrades when they should return from the battle in they should return from the battle in they should return from the battle in pompei's tent a magnificent pompei's tent a magnificent pompei's tent a magnificent entertainment Was preparing the tables entertainment Was preparing the tables entertainment Was preparing the tables were spread with every luxury the were spread with every luxury the were spread with every luxury the sideboards were loaded with plate and sideboards were loaded with plate and sideboards were loaded with plate and the whole scene was resplendent with the whole scene was resplendent with the whole scene was resplendent with utensils and decorations of silver and utensils and decorations of silver and utensils and decorations of silver and gold Pompei and all his generals were gold Pompei and all his generals were gold Pompei and all his generals were perfectly certain of victory in fact the perfectly certain of victory in fact the perfectly certain of victory in fact the peace and Harmony of their councils in peace and Harmony of their councils in peace and Harmony of their councils in Camp had been destroyed for many days by Camp had been destroyed for many days by Camp had been destroyed for many days by their contentions and disputes about the their contentions and disputes about the their contentions and disputes about the disposal of the high offices and the disposal of the high offices and the disposal of the high offices and the places of profit and power at Rome which places of profit and power at Rome which places of profit and power at Rome which were to come into their hands when were to come into their hands when were to come into their hands when Caesar should have been subdued the Caesar should have been subdued the Caesar should have been subdued the subduing of Caesar they considered only subduing of Caesar they considered only subduing of Caesar they considered only a question of time and as a question of a question of time and as a question of a question of time and as a question of time it was now reduced to very narrow time it was now reduced to very narrow time it was now reduced to very narrow limits a few days more and they were to limits a few days more and they were to limits a few days more and they were to be masters of the whole Roman Empire and be masters of the whole Roman Empire and be masters of the whole Roman Empire and impatient and greedy they disputed in impatient and greedy they disputed in impatient and greedy they disputed in anticipation about the division of the anticipation about the division of the anticipation about the division of the spoils to make Assurance doubly sure spoils to make Assurance doubly sure spoils to make Assurance doubly sure Pompei gave orders that his troops

Pompei gave orders that his troops Pompei gave orders that his troops should not advance to meet the onset of should not advance to meet the onset of should not advance to meet the onset of Caesar's troops on the middle ground Caesar's troops on the middle ground Caesar's troops on the middle ground between the two armies but that they between the two armies but that they between the two armies but that they should wait calmly for the attack and should wait calmly for the attack and should wait calmly for the attack and receed the Enemy at the post where they receed the Enemy at the post where they receed the Enemy at the post where they had themselves been had themselves been had themselves been arrayed the hour at length arrived and arrayed the hour at length arrived and arrayed the hour at length arrived and the charge was sounded by the trumpets the charge was sounded by the trumpets the charge was sounded by the trumpets and Caesar's troops began to advance and Caesar's troops began to advance and Caesar's troops began to advance with loud shouts and great impetuosity with loud shouts and great impetuosity with loud shouts and great impetuosity toward pompei's lines there was a long toward pompei's lines there was a long toward pompei's lines there was a long and terrible struggle but the forces of and terrible struggle but the forces of and terrible struggle but the forces of Pompei began finally to give way Pompei began finally to give way Pompei began finally to give way notwithstanding the precautions which notwithstanding the precautions which notwithstanding the precautions which Pompei had taken to guard and protect Pompei had taken to guard and protect Pompei had taken to guard and protect the wing of his army which was extended the wing of his army which was extended the wing of his army which was extended toward the land Caesar succeeded in toward the land Caesar succeeded in toward the land Caesar succeeded in turning his flank upon that side by turning his flank upon that side by turning his flank upon that side by driving off the Cavalry and destroying driving off the Cavalry and destroying driving off the Cavalry and destroying the archers and Slingers and he was thus the archers and Slingers and he was thus the archers and Slingers and he was thus enabled to throw a strong force against enabled to throw a strong force against enabled to throw a strong force against pompei's rear the flight then soon pompei's rear the flight then soon pompei's rear the flight then soon became General and a scene of dreadful became General and a scene of dreadful became General and a scene of dreadful confusion and Slaughter ensued the confusion and Slaughter ensued the confusion and Slaughter ensued the soldiers of Caesar's army maddened with soldiers of Caesar's army maddened with soldiers of Caesar's army maddened with the insane Rage which the progress of a the insane Rage which the progress of a the insane Rage which the progress of a battle never fails to awaken and now battle never fails to awaken and now battle never fails to awaken and now excited to frenzy by the exultation of excited to frenzy by the exultation of excited to frenzy by the exultation of success pressed on after the affrighted success pressed on after the affrighted success pressed on after the affrighted fugitives who trampled one upon another fugitives who trampled one upon another fugitives who trampled one upon another or fell pierced with the weapons of or fell pierced with the weapons of or fell pierced with the weapons of their assailants filling the air with their assailants filling the air with their assailants filling the air with their cries of Agony and their shrieks their cries of Agony and their shrieks their cries of Agony and their shrieks of Terror the horrors of the scene far of Terror the horrors of the scene far of Terror the horrors of the scene far from allaying only excited still more from allaying only excited still more from allaying only excited still more the ferocity of their bloodthirsty foes the ferocity of their bloodthirsty foes the ferocity of their bloodthirsty foes and they pressed steadily and fiercely and they pressed steadily and fiercely and they pressed steadily and fiercely on hour after hour in their Dreadful on hour after hour in their Dreadful on hour after hour in their Dreadful work of Destruction it was one of those work of Destruction it was one of those work of Destruction it was one of those scenes of horror and woe such as those scenes of horror and woe such as those scenes of horror and woe such as those who have not witnessed them cannot

who have not witnessed them cannot who have not witnessed them cannot conceive of and those who have witnessed conceive of and those who have witnessed conceive of and those who have witnessed can never can never can never forget when Pompei perceived that all forget when Pompei perceived that all forget when Pompei perceived that all was lost he fled from the field in a was lost he fled from the field in a was lost he fled from the field in a state of the wildest excitement and state of the wildest excitement and state of the wildest excitement and consternation his troops were flying in consternation his troops were flying in consternation his troops were flying in all directions some toward the camp all directions some toward the camp all directions some toward the camp vainly hoping to find Refuge there and vainly hoping to find Refuge there and vainly hoping to find Refuge there and others in various other quarters others in various other quarters others in various other quarters wherever they saw the readiest hope of wherever they saw the readiest hope of wherever they saw the readiest hope of escape from their merciless pursuers escape from their merciless pursuers escape from their merciless pursuers Pompei himself fled instinctively toward Pompei himself fled instinctively toward Pompei himself fled instinctively toward the camp as he passed the guards at the the camp as he passed the guards at the the camp as he passed the guards at the gate where he entered he commanded them gate where he entered he commanded them gate where he entered he commanded them in his agitation and Terror to defend in his agitation and Terror to defend in his agitation and Terror to defend the gate against the coming enemy saying the gate against the coming enemy saying the gate against the coming enemy saying that he was going to the other gates to that he was going to the other gates to that he was going to the other gates to attend to the defenses there he then attend to the defenses there he then attend to the defenses there he then hurried on but a full sense of the hurried on but a full sense of the hurried on but a full sense of the helplessness and hopelessness of his helplessness and hopelessness of his helplessness and hopelessness of his condition soon overwhelmed him he gave condition soon overwhelmed him he gave condition soon overwhelmed him he gave up all thought of defense and passing up all thought of defense and passing up all thought of defense and passing with a sinking heart through the scene with a sinking heart through the scene with a sinking heart through the scene of consternation and confusion which of consternation and confusion which of consternation and confusion which reigned everywhere within the encampment reigned everywhere within the encampment reigned everywhere within the encampment he sought his own tent and rushing into he sought his own tent and rushing into he sought his own tent and rushing into it sank down amid the luxury and splend it sank down amid the luxury and splend it sank down amid the luxury and splend which had been arranged to do honor to which had been arranged to do honor to which had been arranged to do honor to his anticipated victory in a state of his anticipated victory in a state of his anticipated victory in a state of utter stupefaction and utter stupefaction and utter stupefaction and despair end of chapter 7 chapter 8 of history of Julius Caesar 7 chapter 8 of history of Julius Caesar this is a LibriVox recording all this is a LibriVox recording all this is a LibriVox recording all LibriVox recordings are in the public LibriVox recordings are in the public LibriVox recordings are in the public domain for more information or to domain for more information or to domain for more information or to volunteer please visit librivox.org volunteer please visit librivox.org volunteer please visit librivox.org recording by Kathy Barrett history of recording by Kathy Barrett history of recording by Kathy Barrett history of Julius Caesar by Jacob Abbott chapter 8

Julius Caesar by Jacob Abbott chapter 8 Julius Caesar by Jacob Abbott chapter 8 flight and death of flight and death of flight and death of Pompei Caesar pursued the discomforted Pompei Caesar pursued the discomforted Pompei Caesar pursued the discomforted and flying bodies of pompei's army to and flying bodies of pompei's army to and flying bodies of pompei's army to the camp they made a brief stand upon the camp they made a brief stand upon the camp they made a brief stand upon the ramparts and at the gates in a Vain the ramparts and at the gates in a Vain the ramparts and at the gates in a Vain and fruitless struggle against the tide and fruitless struggle against the tide and fruitless struggle against the tide of Victory which they soon perceived of Victory which they soon perceived of Victory which they soon perceived must fully overwhelm them they gave way must fully overwhelm them they gave way must fully overwhelm them they gave way continually here and there along the continually here and there along the continually here and there along the lines of entrenchment and column after lines of entrenchment and column after lines of entrenchment and column after column of Caesar's followers broke column of Caesar's followers broke column of Caesar's followers broke through into the camp Palm ppei hearing through into the camp Palm ppei hearing through into the camp Palm ppei hearing from his tent the increasing noise and from his tent the increasing noise and from his tent the increasing noise and uproar was at length aroused from his uproar was at length aroused from his uproar was at length aroused from his stuper and began to summon his faculties stuper and began to summon his faculties stuper and began to summon his faculties to the question what he was to to the question what he was to to the question what he was to do at length a party of fugitives hotly do at length a party of fugitives hotly do at length a party of fugitives hotly pursued by some of Caesar's soldiers pursued by some of Caesar's soldiers pursued by some of Caesar's soldiers broke into his tent what said Pompei broke into his tent what said Pompei broke into his tent what said Pompei into my tent too he had been far more into my tent too he had been far more into my tent too he had been far more than 30 years a Victorious General than 30 years a Victorious General than 30 years a Victorious General accustomed to all the deference and accustomed to all the deference and accustomed to all the deference and respect which boundless wealth extended respect which boundless wealth extended respect which boundless wealth extended and absolute power and the highest and absolute power and the highest and absolute power and the highest military rank could afford in the military rank could afford in the military rank could afford in the encampments which he had made and in the encampments which he had made and in the encampments which he had made and in the cities which he had occupied from time cities which he had occupied from time cities which he had occupied from time to time he had been the Supreme and to time he had been the Supreme and to time he had been the Supreme and unquestioned master and his tent unquestioned master and his tent unquestioned master and his tent arranged and furnished as it had always arranged and furnished as it had always arranged and furnished as it had always been in a style of the utmost been in a style of the utmost been in a style of the utmost magnificence and Splendor had been magnificence and Splendor had been magnificence and Splendor had been sacred from all intrusion and invested sacred from all intrusion and invested sacred from all intrusion and invested with such a dignity that potentates and with such a dignity that potentates and with such a dignity that potentates and princes were impressed when they entered princes were impressed when they entered princes were impressed when they entered with a feeling of difference and awe now with a feeling of difference and awe now with a feeling of difference and awe now rude soldiers burst wildly into it and rude soldiers burst wildly into it and rude soldiers burst wildly into it and the air without was filled with an the air without was filled with an the air without was filled with an uproar in confusion drawing every moment uproar in confusion drawing every moment uproar in confusion drawing every moment nearer and nearer and warning the Fallen nearer and nearer and warning the Fallen nearer and nearer and warning the Fallen Hero that there was no longer any

Hero that there was no longer any Hero that there was no longer any protection there against the approaching protection there against the approaching protection there against the approaching torrent which was coming on to overwhelm torrent which was coming on to overwhelm torrent which was coming on to overwhelm him pompe aroused himself from his him pompe aroused himself from his him pompe aroused himself from his stuper threw off the military dress stuper threw off the military dress stuper threw off the military dress which belonged to his Rank and station which belonged to his Rank and station which belonged to his Rank and station and assumed a hasty disguise in which he and assumed a hasty disguise in which he and assumed a hasty disguise in which he hoped he might make his escape from the hoped he might make his escape from the hoped he might make his escape from the immediate scene of his calamities he immediate scene of his calamities he immediate scene of his calamities he mounted a horse and rode out of the camp mounted a horse and rode out of the camp mounted a horse and rode out of the camp at the easiest pace of egress in the at the easiest pace of egress in the at the easiest pace of egress in the rear in company with bodies of troops rear in company with bodies of troops rear in company with bodies of troops and guards who were also flying in and guards who were also flying in and guards who were also flying in confusion while Caesar and his forces on confusion while Caesar and his forces on confusion while Caesar and his forces on the other side were carrying the the other side were carrying the the other side were carrying the entrenchments and forcing their way in entrenchments and forcing their way in entrenchments and forcing their way in as soon as he had thus made his escape as soon as he had thus made his escape as soon as he had thus made his escape from the immediate scene of danger he from the immediate scene of danger he from the immediate scene of danger he dismounted and left his horse that he dismounted and left his horse that he dismounted and left his horse that he might assume more completely the might assume more completely the might assume more completely the appearance of a common Soldier and with appearance of a common Soldier and with appearance of a common Soldier and with a few attendants who were willing to a few attendants who were willing to a few attendants who were willing to follow his Fallen fortunes he went on to follow his Fallen fortunes he went on to follow his Fallen fortunes he went on to the Eastward directing his wey steps the Eastward directing his wey steps the Eastward directing his wey steps towards the shores of the aian towards the shores of the aian towards the shores of the aian sea the country through which he was sea the country through which he was sea the country through which he was traveling was thessaly thesy is a vast traveling was thessaly thesy is a vast traveling was thessaly thesy is a vast Amphitheater surrounded by Mountains Amphitheater surrounded by Mountains Amphitheater surrounded by Mountains from whose sides streams descend which from whose sides streams descend which from whose sides streams descend which after watering many fertile valleys and after watering many fertile valleys and after watering many fertile valleys and Plaines combined to form one great Plaines combined to form one great Plaines combined to form one great Central river that flows to the Eastward Central river that flows to the Eastward Central river that flows to the Eastward and after various meanderings Finds Its and after various meanderings Finds Its and after various meanderings Finds Its way into the aan sea through a romantic way into the aan sea through a romantic way into the aan sea through a romantic gap between two mountains called the gap between two mountains called the gap between two mountains called the veil of temp a veil which has been famed veil of temp a veil which has been famed veil of temp a veil which has been famed in all ages for the extreme in all ages for the extreme in all ages for the extreme picturesqueness of its scenery and in picturesqueness of its scenery and in picturesqueness of its scenery and in which in those days all the charms both which in those days all the charms both which in those days all the charms both of the most alluring Beauty and of the of the most alluring Beauty and of the of the most alluring Beauty and of the blest Grandeur seemed to be combined blest Grandeur seemed to be combined blest Grandeur seemed to be combined Pompei followed the roads leading along Pompei followed the roads leading along Pompei followed the roads leading along the banks of this stream weary in body

the banks of this stream weary in body the banks of this stream weary in body and harassed and disconsolate in mind and harassed and disconsolate in mind and harassed and disconsolate in mind the news which came to him from time to the news which came to him from time to the news which came to him from time to time by the flying parties which were time by the flying parties which were time by the flying parties which were moving through the country in all moving through the country in all moving through the country in all directions of the entire and directions of the entire and directions of the entire and overwhelming completeness of Caesar's overwhelming completeness of Caesar's overwhelming completeness of Caesar's Victory extinguished all remains of Hope Victory extinguished all remains of Hope Victory extinguished all remains of Hope and narrowed down at last the grounds of and narrowed down at last the grounds of and narrowed down at last the grounds of his solicitude to the single point of his solicitude to the single point of his solicitude to the single point of his own personal safety he was well his own personal safety he was well his own personal safety he was well aware that he should be pursued and to B aware that he should be pursued and to B aware that he should be pursued and to B the efforts which he knew that his the efforts which he knew that his the efforts which he knew that his enemies would make to follow his track enemies would make to follow his track enemies would make to follow his track he avoided large towns and pressed he avoided large towns and pressed he avoided large towns and pressed forward in byways and solitudes bearing forward in byways and solitudes bearing forward in byways and solitudes bearing as patiently as he was able his as patiently as he was able his as patiently as he was able his increasing destitution and distress he increasing destitution and distress he increasing destitution and distress he reached at length the veil of Temp and reached at length the veil of Temp and reached at length the veil of Temp and there exhausted with Hunger thirst and there exhausted with Hunger thirst and there exhausted with Hunger thirst and fatigue he sat down upon the bank of the fatigue he sat down upon the bank of the fatigue he sat down upon the bank of the stream to recover by a little rest stream to recover by a little rest stream to recover by a little rest strength enough for the remainder of his strength enough for the remainder of his strength enough for the remainder of his weary way he wished for a drink but he weary way he wished for a drink but he weary way he wished for a drink but he had nothing to drink from and so the had nothing to drink from and so the had nothing to drink from and so the mighty potentate whose tent was full of mighty potentate whose tent was full of mighty potentate whose tent was full of delicious Beverages and cups and goblets delicious Beverages and cups and goblets delicious Beverages and cups and goblets of silver and gold extended himself down of silver and gold extended himself down of silver and gold extended himself down upon the sand at the margin of the river upon the sand at the margin of the river upon the sand at the margin of the river and drank the warm water directly from and drank the warm water directly from and drank the warm water directly from the the the stream while Pompei was thus anxiously stream while Pompei was thus anxiously stream while Pompei was thus anxiously and Toom endeavoring to gain the and Toom endeavoring to gain the and Toom endeavoring to gain the seashore Caesar was completing his seashore Caesar was completing his seashore Caesar was completing his victory over the Army which he had left victory over the Army which he had left victory over the Army which he had left behind him when Caesar had carried the behind him when Caesar had carried the behind him when Caesar had carried the entrenchments of the camp and the Army entrenchments of the camp and the Army entrenchments of the camp and the Army found that there was no longer any found that there was no longer any found that there was no longer any safety for them there they continued safety for them there they continued safety for them there they continued their Retreat under the guidance of such their Retreat under the guidance of such their Retreat under the guidance of such generals as remained generals as remained generals as remained Caesar thus gained Undisputed possession Caesar thus gained Undisputed possession Caesar thus gained Undisputed possession of the camp he found everywhere the of the camp he found everywhere the of the camp he found everywhere the marks of wealth and luxury and marks of wealth and luxury and marks of wealth and luxury and indications of The Confident expectation

indications of The Confident expectation indications of The Confident expectation of Victory which the discomforted Army of Victory which the discomforted Army of Victory which the discomforted Army had entertained the tents of the had entertained the tents of the had entertained the tents of the generals were crowned with Myrtle the generals were crowned with Myrtle the generals were crowned with Myrtle the beds were strewed with flowers and beds were strewed with flowers and beds were strewed with flowers and tables everywhere were spread for feasts tables everywhere were spread for feasts tables everywhere were spread for feasts with cups and bowls of wine all ready with cups and bowls of wine all ready with cups and bowls of wine all ready for the expected revelers Caesar took for the expected revelers Caesar took for the expected revelers Caesar took possession of the hole stationed a possession of the hole stationed a possession of the hole stationed a proper guard to protect the property and proper guard to protect the property and proper guard to protect the property and then pressed forward with his army in then pressed forward with his army in then pressed forward with his army in pursuit of the enemy Pomp's Army made pursuit of the enemy Pomp's Army made pursuit of the enemy Pomp's Army made their way to a neighboring Rising ground their way to a neighboring Rising ground their way to a neighboring Rising ground where they threw up Hasty entrenchments where they threw up Hasty entrenchments where they threw up Hasty entrenchments to protect themselves for the night a to protect themselves for the night a to protect themselves for the night a rivulet ran near the hill the access to rivulet ran near the hill the access to rivulet ran near the hill the access to which they endeavored to secure in order which they endeavored to secure in order which they endeavored to secure in order to obtain supplies of water Caesar and to obtain supplies of water Caesar and to obtain supplies of water Caesar and his forces followed them to this spot his forces followed them to this spot his forces followed them to this spot the day was gone and it was too late to the day was gone and it was too late to the day was gone and it was too late to attack them Caesar's soldiers too were attack them Caesar's soldiers too were attack them Caesar's soldiers too were exhausted with the intense and exhausted with the intense and exhausted with the intense and protracted excitement and exertions protracted excitement and exertions protracted excitement and exertions which had now been kept up for many which had now been kept up for many which had now been kept up for many hours in the battle and in the pursuit hours in the battle and in the pursuit hours in the battle and in the pursuit and they needed Repose they made however and they needed Repose they made however and they needed Repose they made however one effort more They seized the Avenue one effort more They seized the Avenue one effort more They seized the Avenue of approach to the rivulet and threw up of approach to the rivulet and threw up of approach to the rivulet and threw up a temporary entrenchment to secure it a temporary entrenchment to secure it a temporary entrenchment to secure it which entrenchment they protected with a which entrenchment they protected with a which entrenchment they protected with a guard and then the army retired to rest guard and then the army retired to rest guard and then the army retired to rest leaving their helpless victims to while leaving their helpless victims to while leaving their helpless victims to while away the hours of the night tormented away the hours of the night tormented away the hours of the night tormented with thirst and overwhelmed with anxiety with thirst and overwhelmed with anxiety with thirst and overwhelmed with anxiety and despair this could not long be and despair this could not long be and despair this could not long be endured they surrendered in the morning endured they surrendered in the morning endured they surrendered in the morning and Caesar found himself in possession and Caesar found himself in possession and Caesar found himself in possession of over 20,000 prisoners in the meantime of over 20,000 prisoners in the meantime of over 20,000 prisoners in the meantime Pompei passed on through the veil of 10 Pompei passed on through the veil of 10 Pompei passed on through the veil of 10 toward the sea regardless of the beauty toward the sea regardless of the beauty toward the sea regardless of the beauty and Splendor that surrounded him and and Splendor that surrounded him and and Splendor that surrounded him and thinking only of his Fallen fortunes and thinking only of his Fallen fortunes and thinking only of his Fallen fortunes and revolving despairingly in his mind the revolving despairingly in his mind the revolving despairingly in his mind the various forms in which the final

various forms in which the final various forms in which the final consummation of his ruin might consummation of his ruin might consummation of his ruin might ultimately come at length he reached the ultimately come at length he reached the ultimately come at length he reached the seashore and found refuge for the night seashore and found refuge for the night seashore and found refuge for the night in a fisherman's cabin a small number of in a fisherman's cabin a small number of in a fisherman's cabin a small number of attendants remained with him some of attendants remained with him some of attendants remained with him some of whom were slaves these he now dismissed whom were slaves these he now dismissed whom were slaves these he now dismissed directing them to return and surrender directing them to return and surrender directing them to return and surrender themselves to Caesar saying that he was themselves to Caesar saying that he was themselves to Caesar saying that he was a generous Foe and that they had nothing a generous Foe and that they had nothing a generous Foe and that they had nothing to fear from from him his other to fear from from him his other to fear from from him his other attendance he retained and he made attendance he retained and he made attendance he retained and he made arrangements for a boat to take him the arrangements for a boat to take him the arrangements for a boat to take him the next day along the coast it was a river next day along the coast it was a river next day along the coast it was a river boat and unsuited to the open sea but it boat and unsuited to the open sea but it boat and unsuited to the open sea but it was all that he could was all that he could was all that he could obtain he arose the next morning at obtain he arose the next morning at obtain he arose the next morning at break of day and embarked in the little break of day and embarked in the little break of day and embarked in the little vessel with two or three attendants and vessel with two or three attendants and vessel with two or three attendants and the oresman began to row away along the the oresman began to row away along the the oresman began to row away along the shore they soon came in sight of a shore they soon came in sight of a shore they soon came in sight of a merchant ship just ready to sail the merchant ship just ready to sail the merchant ship just ready to sail the master of this vessel it happened had master of this vessel it happened had master of this vessel it happened had seen Pompei and knew his countenance and seen Pompei and knew his countenance and seen Pompei and knew his countenance and he had dreamed as a f famous historian he had dreamed as a f famous historian he had dreamed as a f famous historian of the times relates on the night before of the times relates on the night before of the times relates on the night before that Pompei had come to him in the guise that Pompei had come to him in the guise that Pompei had come to him in the guise of a simple Soldier and in great of a simple Soldier and in great of a simple Soldier and in great distress and that he had received and distress and that he had received and distress and that he had received and rescued him there was nothing rescued him there was nothing rescued him there was nothing extraordinary in such a dream at such a extraordinary in such a dream at such a extraordinary in such a dream at such a time as the contest between Caesar and time as the contest between Caesar and time as the contest between Caesar and Pompei and the approach of the final Pompei and the approach of the final Pompei and the approach of the final Collision which was to destroy one or Collision which was to destroy one or Collision which was to destroy one or the other of them filled the minds and the other of them filled the minds and the other of them filled the minds and occupied the conversation of the world occupied the conversation of the world occupied the conversation of the world the ship Master therefore having seen the ship Master therefore having seen the ship Master therefore having seen and known one of the great rivals in the and known one of the great rivals in the and known one of the great rivals in the approaching conflict would naturally approaching conflict would naturally approaching conflict would naturally find both his waking and sleeping find both his waking and sleeping find both his waking and sleeping thoughts dwelling on the subject and his thoughts dwelling on the subject and his thoughts dwelling on the subject and his fancy in his dreams might easily picture fancy in his dreams might easily picture fancy in his dreams might easily picture the scene of his rescuing and saving the the scene of his rescuing and saving the the scene of his rescuing and saving the Fallen Hero in the hour of his

Fallen Hero in the hour of his Fallen Hero in the hour of his distress however this may be the distress however this may be the distress however this may be the shipmaster is said to have been relating shipmaster is said to have been relating shipmaster is said to have been relating his dream to the Sean on the deck of his his dream to the Sean on the deck of his his dream to the Sean on the deck of his vessel when the boat which was conveying vessel when the boat which was conveying vessel when the boat which was conveying Pompei came into view Pompei himself Pompei came into view Pompei himself Pompei came into view Pompei himself having escaped from the land supposed having escaped from the land supposed having escaped from the land supposed all immediate danger over not imagining all immediate danger over not imagining all immediate danger over not imagining that seafaring men would recognize him that seafaring men would recognize him that seafaring men would recognize him in such a situation and in such a in such a situation and in such a in such a situation and in such a disguise the shipmaster did however disguise the shipmaster did however disguise the shipmaster did however recognize him he was overwhelmed with recognize him he was overwhelmed with recognize him he was overwhelmed with grief at seeing him in such a condition grief at seeing him in such a condition grief at seeing him in such a condition with a countenance and with gestures with a countenance and with gestures with a countenance and with gestures expressive of earnest surprise and expressive of earnest surprise and expressive of earnest surprise and sorrow he beckoned to Pompei to come on sorrow he beckoned to Pompei to come on sorrow he beckoned to Pompei to come on board he ordered his own ship's boat to board he ordered his own ship's boat to board he ordered his own ship's boat to be immediately let down to meet and be immediately let down to meet and be immediately let down to meet and receive him Pompei came on board the receive him Pompei came on board the receive him Pompei came on board the ship was given up to his possession and ship was given up to his possession and ship was given up to his possession and every possible Arrangement was made to every possible Arrangement was made to every possible Arrangement was made to supply his wants to contribute to his supply his wants to contribute to his supply his wants to contribute to his comfort and to do him honor comfort and to do him honor comfort and to do him honor The Vessel conveyed him to amphipolis a The Vessel conveyed him to amphipolis a The Vessel conveyed him to amphipolis a city of Macedonia near the sea and to city of Macedonia near the sea and to city of Macedonia near the sea and to the northward and Eastward of the place the northward and Eastward of the place the northward and Eastward of the place where he had embarked when pompe arrived where he had embarked when pompe arrived where he had embarked when pompe arrived at the Port he sent proclamations to the at the Port he sent proclamations to the at the Port he sent proclamations to the shore calling upon the inhabitants to shore calling upon the inhabitants to shore calling upon the inhabitants to take arms and join his standard he did take arms and join his standard he did take arms and join his standard he did not however land or take any other not however land or take any other not however land or take any other measures for carrying these Arrangements measures for carrying these Arrangements measures for carrying these Arrangements into effect he only waited in the river into effect he only waited in the river into effect he only waited in the river upon which amphipolis stands long enough upon which amphipolis stands long enough upon which amphipolis stands long enough to receive a supply of money from some to receive a supply of money from some to receive a supply of money from some of his friends on the shore and stores of his friends on the shore and stores of his friends on the shore and stores for his voyage and then get sail for his voyage and then get sail for his voyage and then get sail again whether he learned that Caesar was again whether he learned that Caesar was again whether he learned that Caesar was advancing in that direction with a force advancing in that direction with a force advancing in that direction with a force too strong for him to encounter or found too strong for him to encounter or found too strong for him to encounter or found that the people were disinclined to that the people were disinclined to that the people were disinclined to espouse his cause or whether the whole

espouse his cause or whether the whole espouse his cause or whether the whole movement was a faint to direct Caesar's movement was a faint to direct Caesar's movement was a faint to direct Caesar's attention to maedon as the field of his attention to maedon as the field of his attention to maedon as the field of his operations in order that he might Escape operations in order that he might Escape operations in order that he might Escape more secretly and safely Beyond the Sea more secretly and safely Beyond the Sea more secretly and safely Beyond the Sea cannot now be cannot now be cannot now be ascertained pompei's wife Cornelia was ascertained pompei's wife Cornelia was ascertained pompei's wife Cornelia was on the Island of Lesbos at mellene near on the Island of Lesbos at mellene near on the Island of Lesbos at mellene near the western coast of Asia Minor she was the western coast of Asia Minor she was the western coast of Asia Minor she was a Lady of distinguished Beauty and of a Lady of distinguished Beauty and of a Lady of distinguished Beauty and of great intellectual superiority and moral great intellectual superiority and moral great intellectual superiority and moral worth she was extremely well-versed in worth she was extremely well-versed in worth she was extremely well-versed in all the learning of the times and yet all the learning of the times and yet all the learning of the times and yet was entirely free from those was entirely free from those was entirely free from those peculiarities and heires which as her peculiarities and heires which as her peculiarities and heires which as her historian says were often observed in historian says were often observed in historian says were often observed in learned ladies in those days Pompei had learned ladies in those days Pompei had learned ladies in those days Pompei had married her after the death of Julia married her after the death of Julia married her after the death of Julia Caesar's daughter they were strongly Caesar's daughter they were strongly Caesar's daughter they were strongly devoted to each other Pompei had devoted to each other Pompei had devoted to each other Pompei had provided for her a beautiful Retreat on provided for her a beautiful Retreat on provided for her a beautiful Retreat on the Island of Lesbos where she was the Island of Lesbos where she was the Island of Lesbos where she was living in elegance and Splendor beloved living in elegance and Splendor beloved living in elegance and Splendor beloved for her own inic charms and highly for her own inic charms and highly for her own inic charms and highly honored on account of the greatness and honored on account of the greatness and honored on account of the greatness and fame of her husband here she had fame of her husband here she had fame of her husband here she had received from time to time glowing received from time to time glowing received from time to time glowing accounts of his success all exaggerated accounts of his success all exaggerated accounts of his success all exaggerated as they came to her through the eager as they came to her through the eager as they came to her through the eager desire of the narrators to give her desire of the narrators to give her desire of the narrators to give her pleasure from this high elevation of pleasure from this high elevation of pleasure from this high elevation of honor and happiness the ill-fated honor and happiness the ill-fated honor and happiness the ill-fated Cornelius suddenly fell on the arrival Cornelius suddenly fell on the arrival Cornelius suddenly fell on the arrival of pompei's solitary vessel at mellene of pompei's solitary vessel at mellene of pompei's solitary vessel at mellene bringing as it did at the same time both bringing as it did at the same time both bringing as it did at the same time both the first intelligence of her husband's the first intelligence of her husband's the first intelligence of her husband's fall and himself in person a ruined and fall and himself in person a ruined and fall and himself in person a ruined and homeless fugitive and Wanderer the homeless fugitive and Wanderer the homeless fugitive and Wanderer the meeting was sad and sorrowful Cornelia meeting was sad and sorrowful Cornelia meeting was sad and sorrowful Cornelia was overwhelmed at the suddenness and was overwhelmed at the suddenness and was overwhelmed at the suddenness and violence of the shock which had brought violence of the shock which had brought violence of the shock which had brought her and Pompei lamented and knew the her and Pompei lamented and knew the her and Pompei lamented and knew the Dreadful disaster that he had sustained Dreadful disaster that he had sustained Dreadful disaster that he had sustained at finding how inevitably it must

at finding how inevitably it must at finding how inevitably it must involve his beloved wife as well as involve his beloved wife as well as involve his beloved wife as well as himself in its irreparable ruin the pain himself in its irreparable ruin the pain himself in its irreparable ruin the pain however was not wholly without some however was not wholly without some however was not wholly without some mingling of pleasure a husband finds a mingling of pleasure a husband finds a mingling of pleasure a husband finds a strange sense of protection and safety strange sense of protection and safety strange sense of protection and safety in the presence and sympathy of an in the presence and sympathy of an in the presence and sympathy of an affectionate wife in the hour of his affectionate wife in the hour of his affectionate wife in the hour of his Calamity she can perhaps do nothing but Calamity she can perhaps do nothing but Calamity she can perhaps do nothing but her mute and sorrowful concern and pity her mute and sorrowful concern and pity her mute and sorrowful concern and pity comfort and reassure him Cornelia comfort and reassure him Cornelia comfort and reassure him Cornelia however was able to render her husband however was able to render her husband however was able to render her husband some essential Aid she resolved some essential Aid she resolved some essential Aid she resolved immediately to accompany him wherever he immediately to accompany him wherever he immediately to accompany him wherever he should go and by their joint Endeavors a should go and by their joint Endeavors a should go and by their joint Endeavors a little fleet was gathered and such little fleet was gathered and such little fleet was gathered and such supplies as could be hastily obtained supplies as could be hastily obtained supplies as could be hastily obtained and such attendants and followers as and such attendants and followers as and such attendants and followers as were willing to share his fate were were willing to share his fate were were willing to share his fate were taken on board during all this time taken on board during all this time taken on board during all this time Pompei would not go on Shore himself but Pompei would not go on Shore himself but Pompei would not go on Shore himself but remained on board his ship in the harbor remained on board his ship in the harbor remained on board his ship in the harbor perhaps he was afraid of some treachery perhaps he was afraid of some treachery perhaps he was afraid of some treachery or surprise or perhaps in his fallen and or surprise or perhaps in his fallen and or surprise or perhaps in his fallen and hopeless condition he was unwilling to hopeless condition he was unwilling to hopeless condition he was unwilling to expose himself to the Gaze of those who expose himself to the Gaze of those who expose himself to the Gaze of those who had so often seen him in all the had so often seen him in all the had so often seen him in all the Splendor of his former power at length Splendor of his former power at length Splendor of his former power at length when all was ready he sailed away he when all was ready he sailed away he when all was ready he sailed away he passed Eastward along the Mediterranean passed Eastward along the Mediterranean passed Eastward along the Mediterranean touching at such ports as he supposed touching at such ports as he supposed touching at such ports as he supposed most likely to favor his cause vague and most likely to favor his cause vague and most likely to favor his cause vague and uncertain but still alarming rumors that uncertain but still alarming rumors that uncertain but still alarming rumors that Caesar was advancing in pursuit of him Caesar was advancing in pursuit of him Caesar was advancing in pursuit of him met him everywhere and the people of the met him everywhere and the people of the met him everywhere and the people of the various provinces were taking sides some various provinces were taking sides some various provinces were taking sides some in his favor and some against him the in his favor and some against him the in his favor and some against him the excitement being everywhere so great excitement being everywhere so great excitement being everywhere so great that the utmost caution and that the utmost caution and that the utmost caution and circumspection were required in all his circumspection were required in all his circumspection were required in all his movements sometimes he was refused movements sometimes he was refused movements sometimes he was refused permission to land at others his friends permission to land at others his friends permission to land at others his friends were too few to afford him protection

were too few to afford him protection were too few to afford him protection and at others still though the and at others still though the and at others still though the authorities professed friendship he did authorities professed friendship he did authorities professed friendship he did not dare to trust them he obtained not dare to trust them he obtained not dare to trust them he obtained however some supplies of money and some however some supplies of money and some however some supplies of money and some accessions to the number of ships and accessions to the number of ships and accessions to the number of ships and men under his command until at length he men under his command until at length he men under his command until at length he had quite a little Fleet in his train had quite a little Fleet in his train had quite a little Fleet in his train several men of rank and influence who several men of rank and influence who several men of rank and influence who had served under him in the days of his had served under him in the days of his had served under him in the days of his prosperity nobly adhered to him now and prosperity nobly adhered to him now and prosperity nobly adhered to him now and formed a sort of court or Council on formed a sort of court or Council on formed a sort of court or Council on board his Galley where they held with board his Galley where they held with board his Galley where they held with their great though Fallen Commander their great though Fallen Commander their great though Fallen Commander frequent conversations on the plan which frequent conversations on the plan which frequent conversations on the plan which it was best to pursue it was finally it was best to pursue it was finally it was best to pursue it was finally decided that it was best to seek refuge decided that it was best to seek refuge decided that it was best to seek refuge in Egypt there seemed to be in fact no in Egypt there seemed to be in fact no in Egypt there seemed to be in fact no alternative all the rest of the world alternative all the rest of the world alternative all the rest of the world was evidently going over to Caesar was evidently going over to Caesar was evidently going over to Caesar Pompei had been the means some years Pompei had been the means some years Pompei had been the means some years before of restoring a certain king of before of restoring a certain king of before of restoring a certain king of Egypt to his throne and many of his Egypt to his throne and many of his Egypt to his throne and many of his soldiers had been left in the country soldiers had been left in the country soldiers had been left in the country and remained there still it is true that and remained there still it is true that and remained there still it is true that the king himself had died he had left a the king himself had died he had left a the king himself had died he had left a daughter named Cleopatra and also a son daughter named Cleopatra and also a son daughter named Cleopatra and also a son who was at this time very young the name who was at this time very young the name who was at this time very young the name of this youthful Prince was tmy tmy and of this youthful Prince was tmy tmy and of this youthful Prince was tmy tmy and Cleopatra had been made by their father Cleopatra had been made by their father Cleopatra had been made by their father joint heirs to the throne but tmy or joint heirs to the throne but tmy or joint heirs to the throne but tmy or rather the ministers and counselors who rather the ministers and counselors who rather the ministers and counselors who acted for him and in his name had acted for him and in his name had acted for him and in his name had expelled Cleopatra that they might expelled Cleopatra that they might expelled Cleopatra that they might govern alone Cleopatra had raised an govern alone Cleopatra had raised an govern alone Cleopatra had raised an Army in Syria and was on her way to the Army in Syria and was on her way to the Army in Syria and was on her way to the frontiers of Egypt to regain possession frontiers of Egypt to regain possession frontiers of Egypt to regain possession of what she deemed her rights T's of what she deemed her rights T's of what she deemed her rights T's ministers had gone forth to meet her at ministers had gone forth to meet her at ministers had gone forth to meet her at the head of their own troops tmy himself the head of their own troops tmy himself the head of their own troops tmy himself being also with them they had reached being also with them they had reached being also with them they had reached pelium which is the Frontier Town

pelium which is the Frontier Town pelium which is the Frontier Town between Egypt and Syria on the coast of between Egypt and Syria on the coast of between Egypt and Syria on the coast of the Mediterranean here their armies had the Mediterranean here their armies had the Mediterranean here their armies had assembled in vast encampments upon the assembled in vast encampments upon the assembled in vast encampments upon the land and their GES and transports were land and their GES and transports were land and their GES and transports were riding at anchor along the shore of the riding at anchor along the shore of the riding at anchor along the shore of the sea Pompei and his counselors thought sea Pompei and his counselors thought sea Pompei and his counselors thought that the government government of tmy that the government government of tmy that the government government of tmy would receive him as a friend on account would receive him as a friend on account would receive him as a friend on account of the services he had rendered to the of the services he had rendered to the of the services he had rendered to the young Prince's father forgetting that young Prince's father forgetting that young Prince's father forgetting that gratitude has never a place on the list gratitude has never a place on the list gratitude has never a place on the list of political virtues pompei's little of political virtues pompei's little of political virtues pompei's little Squadron made its way slowly over the Squadron made its way slowly over the Squadron made its way slowly over the Waters of the Mediterranean toward Waters of the Mediterranean toward Waters of the Mediterranean toward pelium and the camp of tmy as they pelium and the camp of tmy as they pelium and the camp of tmy as they approached the shore both Pompei himself approached the shore both Pompei himself approached the shore both Pompei himself and Cornelia felt many anxious for and Cornelia felt many anxious for and Cornelia felt many anxious for boings a messenger was sent to the land boings a messenger was sent to the land boings a messenger was sent to the land to inform the young king of pompei's to inform the young king of pompei's to inform the young king of pompei's approach and to solicit his protection approach and to solicit his protection approach and to solicit his protection the government of tmy held a councel and the government of tmy held a councel and the government of tmy held a councel and took the subject into took the subject into took the subject into consideration various opinions were consideration various opinions were consideration various opinions were expressed and various plans were expressed and various plans were expressed and various plans were proposed the council which was finally proposed the council which was finally proposed the council which was finally followed was this it would be dangerous followed was this it would be dangerous followed was this it would be dangerous to receive Pompei since that would make to receive Pompei since that would make to receive Pompei since that would make Caesar their enemy it would be dangerous Caesar their enemy it would be dangerous Caesar their enemy it would be dangerous to refuse to receive him as that would to refuse to receive him as that would to refuse to receive him as that would make Pompei their enemy and though make Pompei their enemy and though make Pompei their enemy and though powerless now he might one day be in a powerless now he might one day be in a powerless now he might one day be in a condition to seek Vengeance it was condition to seek Vengeance it was condition to seek Vengeance it was wisest therefore to destroy him they wisest therefore to destroy him they wisest therefore to destroy him they would invite him to the shore and kill would invite him to the shore and kill would invite him to the shore and kill him when he landed this would please see him when he landed this would please see him when he landed this would please see Caesar and Pompei himself being dead Caesar and Pompei himself being dead Caesar and Pompei himself being dead could never Revenge it dead dogs as the could never Revenge it dead dogs as the could never Revenge it dead dogs as the orator said who made this atrocious orator said who made this atrocious orator said who made this atrocious proposal do not bite an Egyptian named proposal do not bite an Egyptian named proposal do not bite an Egyptian named achilas was appointed to execute the achilas was appointed to execute the achilas was appointed to execute the assassination thus decreed an invitation assassination thus decreed an invitation assassination thus decreed an invitation was sent to Pompei to land accompanied

was sent to Pompei to land accompanied was sent to Pompei to land accompanied with a promise of protection and when with a promise of protection and when with a promise of protection and when his Fleet had approached near enough to his Fleet had approached near enough to his Fleet had approached near enough to the shore Ailes took a small party in a the shore Ailes took a small party in a the shore Ailes took a small party in a boat and went out to meet his Galley the boat and went out to meet his Galley the boat and went out to meet his Galley the men in this boat of course were armed men in this boat of course were armed men in this boat of course were armed the officers in attendants of Pompei the officers in attendants of Pompei the officers in attendants of Pompei watched all these movements from the watched all these movements from the watched all these movements from the deck of his Galley they scrutinized deck of his Galley they scrutinized deck of his Galley they scrutinized everything that occurred with the everything that occurred with the everything that occurred with the closest attention and the greatest closest attention and the greatest closest attention and the greatest anxiety to see whether the indications anxiety to see whether the indications anxiety to see whether the indications denoted an honest friendship or denoted an honest friendship or denoted an honest friendship or intentions of treachery the appearances intentions of treachery the appearances intentions of treachery the appearances were not favorable Pomp's friends were not favorable Pomp's friends were not favorable Pomp's friends observed that no preparations were observed that no preparations were observed that no preparations were making along the shore for receiving him making along the shore for receiving him making along the shore for receiving him with the honors due as they thought to with the honors due as they thought to with the honors due as they thought to his Rank and station the manner too in his Rank and station the manner too in his Rank and station the manner too in which the Egyptians seemed to expect him which the Egyptians seemed to expect him which the Egyptians seemed to expect him to land was ominous of evil only a sing to land was ominous of evil only a sing to land was ominous of evil only a sing single insignificant boat for a single insignificant boat for a single insignificant boat for a potentate who recently had commanded potentate who recently had commanded potentate who recently had commanded half the world then besides the friends half the world then besides the friends half the world then besides the friends of Pompei observed that several of the of Pompei observed that several of the of Pompei observed that several of the principal GS of tm's Fleet were getting principal GS of tm's Fleet were getting principal GS of tm's Fleet were getting up their anchors and preparing up their anchors and preparing up their anchors and preparing apparently to be ready to move at a apparently to be ready to move at a apparently to be ready to move at a sudden call these and other indications sudden call these and other indications sudden call these and other indications appeared much more like preparations for appeared much more like preparations for appeared much more like preparations for seizing an enemy than welcoming a friend seizing an enemy than welcoming a friend seizing an enemy than welcoming a friend Cornelia who with her little son stood Cornelia who with her little son stood Cornelia who with her little son stood upon the deck of pompei's Galley upon the deck of pompei's Galley upon the deck of pompei's Galley watching the scene with a peculiar watching the scene with a peculiar watching the scene with a peculiar intensity of solicitude which the Hardy intensity of solicitude which the Hardy intensity of solicitude which the Hardy soldiers around her could not have felt soldiers around her could not have felt soldiers around her could not have felt became soon exceedingly alarmed she became soon exceedingly alarmed she became soon exceedingly alarmed she begged her husband not to go on Shore begged her husband not to go on Shore begged her husband not to go on Shore but Pompei decided that it was now too but Pompei decided that it was now too but Pompei decided that it was now too late to retreat he could not escape from late to retreat he could not escape from late to retreat he could not escape from the Egyptian galleys if they had the Egyptian galleys if they had the Egyptian galleys if they had received orders to intercept him nor received orders to intercept him nor received orders to intercept him nor could he resist violence if violence could he resist violence if violence could he resist violence if violence were intended to do anything like that

were intended to do anything like that were intended to do anything like that would evince distrust and to appear like would evince distrust and to appear like would evince distrust and to appear like putting himself upon his guard would be putting himself upon his guard would be putting himself upon his guard would be to take at once himself the position of to take at once himself the position of to take at once himself the position of an enemy and invite and justify the an enemy and invite and justify the an enemy and invite and justify the hostility of the Egyptians in return as hostility of the Egyptians in return as hostility of the Egyptians in return as to flight he could not hope to escape to flight he could not hope to escape to flight he could not hope to escape from the Egyptian galleys if they had from the Egyptian galleys if they had from the Egyptian galleys if they had received orders to prevent it and received orders to prevent it and received orders to prevent it and besides if he were determined on besides if he were determined on besides if he were determined on attempting an escape with should he fly attempting an escape with should he fly attempting an escape with should he fly the world was against him his triumphant the world was against him his triumphant the world was against him his triumphant enemy was on his track in full Pursuit enemy was on his track in full Pursuit enemy was on his track in full Pursuit with all the vast powers and resources with all the vast powers and resources with all the vast powers and resources of the whole Roman Empire at his command of the whole Roman Empire at his command of the whole Roman Empire at his command there remained for Pompei only the last there remained for Pompei only the last there remained for Pompei only the last forlorn hope of a refuge in Egypt or forlorn hope of a refuge in Egypt or forlorn hope of a refuge in Egypt or else as the sole alternative a complete else as the sole alternative a complete else as the sole alternative a complete and unconditional submission to Caesar and unconditional submission to Caesar and unconditional submission to Caesar his pride would not consent to this and his pride would not consent to this and his pride would not consent to this and he determined therefore dark as the he determined therefore dark as the he determined therefore dark as the indications were to place himself indications were to place himself indications were to place himself without any appearance of distrust in without any appearance of distrust in without any appearance of distrust in tm's hands and abide the issue the boat tm's hands and abide the issue the boat tm's hands and abide the issue the boat of kilus approached the galley when it of kilus approached the galley when it of kilus approached the galley when it touched the side achillus and the other touched the side achillus and the other touched the side achillus and the other officers on board of it hailed Pompei in officers on board of it hailed Pompei in officers on board of it hailed Pompei in the most respectful manner giving him the most respectful manner giving him the most respectful manner giving him the title of imperator the highest title the title of imperator the highest title the title of imperator the highest title known in the Roman State Aus addressed known in the Roman State Aus addressed known in the Roman State Aus addressed Pompei in Greek the Greek was the Pompei in Greek the Greek was the Pompei in Greek the Greek was the language of educated men in all the language of educated men in all the language of educated men in all the Eastern countries in those days he told Eastern countries in those days he told Eastern countries in those days he told him that the water was too shallow for him that the water was too shallow for him that the water was too shallow for his Galley to approach nearer to the his Galley to approach nearer to the his Galley to approach nearer to the shore and invited him to come on board shore and invited him to come on board shore and invited him to come on board of his boat and he would take him to the of his boat and he would take him to the of his boat and he would take him to the beach where as he said the King was beach where as he said the King was beach where as he said the King was waiting to receive Him With Many anxious waiting to receive Him With Many anxious waiting to receive Him With Many anxious for boings that were but ill concealed for boings that were but ill concealed for boings that were but ill concealed Pompei made preparations to accept the Pompei made preparations to accept the Pompei made preparations to accept the invitation he bade his wife farewell who

invitation he bade his wife farewell who invitation he bade his wife farewell who clung to him as they were about to part clung to him as they were about to part clung to him as they were about to part with a gloomy presentiment that they with a gloomy presentiment that they with a gloomy presentiment that they should never meet again two centurions should never meet again two centurions should never meet again two centurions who were to accompany Pompei and two who were to accompany Pompei and two who were to accompany Pompei and two servants descended into into the boat servants descended into into the boat servants descended into into the boat Pompei himself followed and then The Pompei himself followed and then The Pompei himself followed and then The Boatman pushed off from The Galley and Boatman pushed off from The Galley and Boatman pushed off from The Galley and made toward the shore the decks of all made toward the shore the decks of all made toward the shore the decks of all the vessels in Pomp's little Squadron as the vessels in Pomp's little Squadron as the vessels in Pomp's little Squadron as well as those of the Egyptian Fleet were well as those of the Egyptian Fleet were well as those of the Egyptian Fleet were crowded with Spectators and lines of crowded with Spectators and lines of crowded with Spectators and lines of soldiery and groups of men all intently soldiery and groups of men all intently soldiery and groups of men all intently watching the operations of the landing watching the operations of the landing watching the operations of the landing were scattered along the shore among the were scattered along the shore among the were scattered along the shore among the men whom achillus had provided to Aid men whom achillus had provided to Aid men whom achillus had provided to Aid him in the assassination was an officer him in the assassination was an officer him in the assassination was an officer of the Roman army who had formerly of the Roman army who had formerly of the Roman army who had formerly served under Pompeii as soon as Pompei served under Pompeii as soon as Pompei served under Pompeii as soon as Pompei was seated in the boat quot he was seated in the boat quot he was seated in the boat quot he recognized the countenance of this man recognized the countenance of this man recognized the countenance of this man and addressed him saying I think I and addressed him saying I think I and addressed him saying I think I remember you as having been in former remember you as having been in former remember you as having been in former days my fellow Soldier the man replied days my fellow Soldier the man replied days my fellow Soldier the man replied merely by a nod of ascent feeling merely by a nod of ascent feeling merely by a nod of ascent feeling somewhat guilty and self- condemned at somewhat guilty and self- condemned at somewhat guilty and self- condemned at the thoughts of the treachery which he the thoughts of the treachery which he the thoughts of the treachery which he was about to perpetrate he was little was about to perpetrate he was little was about to perpetrate he was little inclined to renew the recollection of inclined to renew the recollection of inclined to renew the recollection of the days when he was pompei's friend in the days when he was pompei's friend in the days when he was pompei's friend in fact the whole company in the boat fact the whole company in the boat fact the whole company in the boat filled on the one part with awe in filled on the one part with awe in filled on the one part with awe in anticipation of the terrible deed which anticipation of the terrible deed which anticipation of the terrible deed which they were soon to commit and on the they were soon to commit and on the they were soon to commit and on the other with a dread suspense and alarm other with a dread suspense and alarm other with a dread suspense and alarm were little disposed for conversation were little disposed for conversation were little disposed for conversation and Pompei took out a manuscript of an and Pompei took out a manuscript of an and Pompei took out a manuscript of an address in Greek which he had prepared address in Greek which he had prepared address in Greek which he had prepared to make to the young king at his to make to the young king at his to make to the young king at his approaching interview with him and approaching interview with him and approaching interview with him and occupied himself in reading it over thus occupied himself in reading it over thus occupied himself in reading it over thus they advanced in a gloomy and solemn they advanced in a gloomy and solemn they advanced in a gloomy and solemn silence hearing no sound but the dip of silence hearing no sound but the dip of silence hearing no sound but the dip of the oares in the water and the gentle the oares in the water and the gentle the oares in the water and the gentle dash of the Waves along the line of the

dash of the Waves along the line of the dash of the Waves along the line of the shore at length the boat touched the shore at length the boat touched the shore at length the boat touched the sand while Cornelia still stood on the sand while Cornelia still stood on the sand while Cornelia still stood on the deck of the galley watching every deck of the galley watching every deck of the galley watching every movement with great solicitude and movement with great solicitude and movement with great solicitude and concern concern concern one of the two servants whom pompe had one of the two servants whom pompe had one of the two servants whom pompe had taken with him named Philip his favorite taken with him named Philip his favorite taken with him named Philip his favorite personal attendant Rose to assist his personal attendant Rose to assist his personal attendant Rose to assist his master in landing he gave Pompei his master in landing he gave Pompei his master in landing he gave Pompei his hand to Aid him in rising from his seat hand to Aid him in rising from his seat hand to Aid him in rising from his seat and at that moment the Roman officer and at that moment the Roman officer and at that moment the Roman officer whom Pompei had recognized as his fellow whom Pompei had recognized as his fellow whom Pompei had recognized as his fellow Soldier Advanced behind him and stabbed Soldier Advanced behind him and stabbed Soldier Advanced behind him and stabbed him in the back at the same instant him in the back at the same instant him in the back at the same instant achillus and the others Drew their achillus and the others Drew their achillus and the others Drew their swords Pompei saw that all was lost he swords Pompei saw that all was lost he swords Pompei saw that all was lost he did not speak and he uttered No Cry of did not speak and he uttered No Cry of did not speak and he uttered No Cry of alarm though cornelia's Dreadful streek alarm though cornelia's Dreadful streek alarm though cornelia's Dreadful streek was so loud and piercing that it was was so loud and piercing that it was was so loud and piercing that it was heard upon the shore from the suffering heard upon the shore from the suffering heard upon the shore from the suffering victim himself nothing was heard but an victim himself nothing was heard but an victim himself nothing was heard but an in articulate groan extorted by his in articulate groan extorted by his in articulate groan extorted by his Agony he gathered his mantle over his Agony he gathered his mantle over his Agony he gathered his mantle over his face and sank down and face and sank down and face and sank down and died of course all was now excitement died of course all was now excitement died of course all was now excitement and confusion as soon as the deed was and confusion as soon as the deed was and confusion as soon as the deed was done the perpetrators of it retired from done the perpetrators of it retired from done the perpetrators of it retired from the scene taking the head of their the scene taking the head of their the scene taking the head of their unhappy victim with them to offer to unhappy victim with them to offer to unhappy victim with them to offer to Caesar as proof that his enemy was Caesar as proof that his enemy was Caesar as proof that his enemy was really no more the officers who remained really no more the officers who remained really no more the officers who remained in the fleet would which had brought in the fleet would which had brought in the fleet would which had brought Pompei to the coast made all haste to Pompei to the coast made all haste to Pompei to the coast made all haste to sail away bearing The Wretched Cornelia sail away bearing The Wretched Cornelia sail away bearing The Wretched Cornelia with them utterly distracted with grief with them utterly distracted with grief with them utterly distracted with grief and despair while Philip and his fellow and despair while Philip and his fellow and despair while Philip and his fellow servant remained upon the beach standing servant remained upon the beach standing servant remained upon the beach standing bewildered and stupified over the bewildered and stupified over the bewildered and stupified over the headless body of their beloved Master headless body of their beloved Master headless body of their beloved Master crowds of Spectators came in succession crowds of Spectators came in succession crowds of Spectators came in succession to look upon the Hideous spectacle a to look upon the Hideous spectacle a to look upon the Hideous spectacle a moment in silence and then to turn

moment in silence and then to turn moment in silence and then to turn shocked and repelled away at length when shocked and repelled away at length when shocked and repelled away at length when the first impulse of excitement had in the first impulse of excitement had in the first impulse of excitement had in some measure spent its Force Philip and some measure spent its Force Philip and some measure spent its Force Philip and his comrades so far recovered their his comrades so far recovered their his comrades so far recovered their composure as to begin to turn their composure as to begin to turn their composure as to begin to turn their thoughts to the only consolation that thoughts to the only consolation that thoughts to the only consolation that was now left to them that of Performing was now left to them that of Performing was now left to them that of Performing the solemn duties of sepulture they the solemn duties of sepulture they the solemn duties of sepulture they found the wreck of a fishing boat upon found the wreck of a fishing boat upon found the wreck of a fishing boat upon the Strand from which they obtained wood the Strand from which they obtained wood the Strand from which they obtained wood enough for a rude funeral pile they enough for a rude funeral pile they enough for a rude funeral pile they burned what remained of the mutilated burned what remained of the mutilated burned what remained of the mutilated body and Gathering up the ashes they put body and Gathering up the ashes they put body and Gathering up the ashes they put them in an n and sent them to Cornelia them in an n and sent them to Cornelia them in an n and sent them to Cornelia who afterward buried them at Alba with who afterward buried them at Alba with who afterward buried them at Alba with many bitter tears end of chapter 8