Josephus Book 13a - From Judas Maccabeus To Queen Alexandra

The Antiquities of the Jews, Volume 3, The Antiquities of the Jews, Volume 3, by Flavius Josephus, translated by by Flavius Josephus, translated by by Flavius Josephus, translated by William Whiston. Book 13, Chapters 1 and William Whiston. Book 13, Chapters 1 and William Whiston. Book 13, Chapters 1 and 2. 2. 2. Book 13, containing the interval of 82 Book 13, containing the interval of 82 Book 13, containing the interval of 82 years from the death of Judas Maccabeus years from the death of Judas Maccabeus years from the death of Judas Maccabeus to the death of Queen Alexandra. to the death of Queen Alexandra. to the death of Queen Alexandra. Chapter 1. How Jonathan took the Chapter 1. How Jonathan took the Chapter 1. How Jonathan took the government from his brother Judas, and government from his brother Judas, and government from his brother Judas, and how he, together with his brother Simon, how he, together with his brother Simon, how he, together with his brother Simon, waged war against Bacchides. waged war against Bacchides. waged war against Bacchides. By what means the nation of the Jews By what means the nation of the Jews By what means the nation of the Jews recovered their freedom when they had recovered their freedom when they had recovered their freedom when they had been brought into slavery by the been brought into slavery by the been brought into slavery by the Macedonians, and what struggles and how Macedonians, and what struggles and how Macedonians, and what struggles and how great battles. Judas, the general of great battles. Judas, the general of great battles. Judas, the general of their army, ran through till he was their army, ran through till he was their army, ran through till he was slain as he was fighting for them, hath slain as he was fighting for them, hath slain as he was fighting for them, hath been related in the foregoing book. But been related in the foregoing book. But been related in the foregoing book. But after he was dead, all the wicked and after he was dead, all the wicked and after he was dead, all the wicked and those that transgressed the laws of those that transgressed the laws of those that transgressed the laws of their forefathers sprang up again in their forefathers sprang up again in their forefathers sprang up again in Judea, and grew upon them and distressed Judea, and grew upon them and distressed Judea, and grew upon them and distressed them on every side. A famine also them on every side. A famine also them on every side. A famine also assisted their wickedness and afflicted assisted their wickedness and afflicted assisted their wickedness and afflicted the country till not a few, who by the country till not a few, who by the country till not a few, who by reason of their want of necessaries, and reason of their want of necessaries, and reason of their want of necessaries, and because they were not able to bear up because they were not able to bear up because they were not able to bear up against the miseries that both a famine against the miseries that both a famine against the miseries that both a famine and their enemies brought upon them, and their enemies brought upon them, and their enemies brought upon them, deserted their country and went to the deserted their country and went to the deserted their country and went to the Macedonians.

Macedonians. Macedonians. And now Bacchides gathered those Jews And now Bacchides gathered those Jews And now Bacchides gathered those Jews together who had apostatized from the together who had apostatized from the together who had apostatized from the accustomed way of living of their accustomed way of living of their accustomed way of living of their forefathers, and chose to live like forefathers, and chose to live like forefathers, and chose to live like their neighbors, and committed the care their neighbors, and committed the care their neighbors, and committed the care of the country to them, who also caught of the country to them, who also caught of the country to them, who also caught the friends of Judas and those of his the friends of Judas and those of his the friends of Judas and those of his party, and delivered them up to party, and delivered them up to party, and delivered them up to Bacchides, who when he had, in the first Bacchides, who when he had, in the first Bacchides, who when he had, in the first place, tortured and tormented them at place, tortured and tormented them at place, tortured and tormented them at his pleasure, he, by that means, at his pleasure, he, by that means, at his pleasure, he, by that means, at length killed them. length killed them. length killed them. And when this calamity of the Jews was And when this calamity of the Jews was And when this calamity of the Jews was become so great as they had never had become so great as they had never had become so great as they had never had experience of the like since their experience of the like since their experience of the like since their return out of Babylon, Those that return out of Babylon, Those that return out of Babylon, Those that remained of the companions of Judas, remained of the companions of Judas, remained of the companions of Judas, seeing that the nation was ready to be seeing that the nation was ready to be seeing that the nation was ready to be destroyed after a miserable manner, came destroyed after a miserable manner, came destroyed after a miserable manner, came to his brother Jonathan and desired him to his brother Jonathan and desired him to his brother Jonathan and desired him that he would imitate his brother and that he would imitate his brother and that he would imitate his brother and take care which he took of his take care which he took of his take care which he took of his countrymen, for whose liberty in general countrymen, for whose liberty in general countrymen, for whose liberty in general he died also, and that he would not he died also, and that he would not he died also, and that he would not permit the nation to be without a permit the nation to be without a permit the nation to be without a governor, especially in those governor, especially in those governor, especially in those destructive circumstances wherein it now destructive circumstances wherein it now destructive circumstances wherein it now was. And where Jonathan said he was was. And where Jonathan said he was was. And where Jonathan said he was ready to die for them and esteem no ready to die for them and esteem no ready to die for them and esteem no inferior to his brother, he was inferior to his brother, he was inferior to his brother, he was appointed to be the general of the appointed to be the general of the appointed to be the general of the Jewish army.

Jewish army. Jewish army. When Bacchides heard this and was afraid When Bacchides heard this and was afraid When Bacchides heard this and was afraid that Jonathan might be very troublesome that Jonathan might be very troublesome that Jonathan might be very troublesome to the king and to the Macedonians, as to the king and to the Macedonians, as to the king and to the Macedonians, as Judas had been before him, he sought how Judas had been before him, he sought how Judas had been before him, he sought how he might slay him by treachery. he might slay him by treachery. he might slay him by treachery. But this intention of his was not But this intention of his was not But this intention of his was not unknown to Jonathan, nor to his brother unknown to Jonathan, nor to his brother unknown to Jonathan, nor to his brother Simon. But when these two were apprised Simon. But when these two were apprised Simon. But when these two were apprised of it, they took all their companions of it, they took all their companions of it, they took all their companions and presently fled into that wilderness and presently fled into that wilderness and presently fled into that wilderness which was nearest to the city. And when which was nearest to the city. And when which was nearest to the city. And when they were come to a lake called Aspar, they were come to a lake called Aspar, they were come to a lake called Aspar, they abode there. they abode there. they abode there. But when Bacchides was sensible that But when Bacchides was sensible that But when Bacchides was sensible that they were in a low state and were in they were in a low state and were in they were in a low state and were in that place, he hastened to fall upon that place, he hastened to fall upon that place, he hastened to fall upon them with all his forces and pitching them with all his forces and pitching them with all his forces and pitching his camp beyond Jordan, he recruited his his camp beyond Jordan, he recruited his his camp beyond Jordan, he recruited his army. army. army. But when Jonathan knew that Bacchides But when Jonathan knew that Bacchides But when Jonathan knew that Bacchides was coming upon him, he sent his brother was coming upon him, he sent his brother was coming upon him, he sent his brother John, who was also called Gaddis, to the John, who was also called Gaddis, to the John, who was also called Gaddis, to the Nabataean Arabs that he might lodge his Nabataean Arabs that he might lodge his Nabataean Arabs that he might lodge his baggage with them until the battle with baggage with them until the battle with baggage with them until the battle with Bacchides should be over, for they were Bacchides should be over, for they were Bacchides should be over, for they were the Jews' friends. the Jews' friends. the Jews' friends. And the sons of Ambri laid an ambush for And the sons of Ambri laid an ambush for And the sons of Ambri laid an ambush for John from the city of Medaba and seized John from the city of Medaba and seized John from the city of Medaba and seized upon him and upon those that were with upon him and upon those that were with upon him and upon those that were with him and plundered all that they had with him and plundered all that they had with him and plundered all that they had with them. They also slew John and all his them. They also slew John and all his them. They also slew John and all his companions.

companions. companions. However, they were sufficiently punished However, they were sufficiently punished However, they were sufficiently punished for what they now did by John's for what they now did by John's for what they now did by John's brethren, as we shall relate presently. brethren, as we shall relate presently. brethren, as we shall relate presently. But when Bacchides knew that Jonathan But when Bacchides knew that Jonathan But when Bacchides knew that Jonathan had pitched his camp among the lakes of had pitched his camp among the lakes of had pitched his camp among the lakes of Jordan, he observed when their Sabbath Jordan, he observed when their Sabbath Jordan, he observed when their Sabbath day came and then assaulted him, as day came and then assaulted him, as day came and then assaulted him, as supposing that he would not fight supposing that he would not fight supposing that he would not fight because of the law for resting on that because of the law for resting on that because of the law for resting on that day. But he exhorted his companions to day. But he exhorted his companions to day. But he exhorted his companions to fight and told them that their lives fight and told them that their lives fight and told them that their lives were at stake, since they were were at stake, since they were were at stake, since they were encompassed by the river and by their encompassed by the river and by their encompassed by the river and by their enemies and had no way to escape. For enemies and had no way to escape. For enemies and had no way to escape. For that their enemies pressed upon them that their enemies pressed upon them that their enemies pressed upon them from before and the river was behind from before and the river was behind from before and the river was behind them. them. them. So after he had prayed to God to give So after he had prayed to God to give So after he had prayed to God to give them the victory, he joined battle with them the victory, he joined battle with them the victory, he joined battle with the enemy, of whom he overthrew many. the enemy, of whom he overthrew many. the enemy, of whom he overthrew many. And as he saw Bacchides coming up boldly And as he saw Bacchides coming up boldly And as he saw Bacchides coming up boldly to him, he stretched out his right hand to him, he stretched out his right hand to him, he stretched out his right hand to smite him. But the other, foreseeing to smite him. But the other, foreseeing to smite him. But the other, foreseeing and avoiding the stroke, Jonathan with and avoiding the stroke, Jonathan with and avoiding the stroke, Jonathan with his companions leaped into the river and his companions leaped into the river and his companions leaped into the river and swam over it. And by that means escaped swam over it. And by that means escaped swam over it. And by that means escaped beyond Jordan while the enemies did not beyond Jordan while the enemies did not beyond Jordan while the enemies did not pass over that river.

pass over that river. pass over that river. But Bacchides returned presently to the But Bacchides returned presently to the But Bacchides returned presently to the citadel at Jerusalem, having lost about citadel at Jerusalem, having lost about citadel at Jerusalem, having lost about 2,000 of his army. He also fortified 2,000 of his army. He also fortified 2,000 of his army. He also fortified many cities of Judea, whose walls had many cities of Judea, whose walls had many cities of Judea, whose walls had been demolished: Jericho and Emmaus and been demolished: Jericho and Emmaus and been demolished: Jericho and Emmaus and Beth-horon and Bethel and Timnath and Beth-horon and Bethel and Timnath and Beth-horon and Bethel and Timnath and Pharathoe and Teccoa and Gazara and Pharathoe and Teccoa and Gazara and Pharathoe and Teccoa and Gazara and built towers in every one of these built towers in every one of these built towers in every one of these cities and encompassed them with strong cities and encompassed them with strong cities and encompassed them with strong walls that were very large also and put walls that were very large also and put walls that were very large also and put garrisons into them that they might garrisons into them that they might garrisons into them that they might issue out of them and do mischief to the issue out of them and do mischief to the issue out of them and do mischief to the Jews. He also fortified the citadel at Jews. He also fortified the citadel at Jews. He also fortified the citadel at Jerusalem more than all the rest. Jerusalem more than all the rest. Jerusalem more than all the rest. Moreover, he took the sons of the Moreover, he took the sons of the Moreover, he took the sons of the principal Jews as pledges and shut them principal Jews as pledges and shut them principal Jews as pledges and shut them up in the citadel and in that manner up in the citadel and in that manner up in the citadel and in that manner guarded it. guarded it. guarded it. About the same time one came to Jonathan About the same time one came to Jonathan About the same time one came to Jonathan and to his brother Simon and told them and to his brother Simon and told them and to his brother Simon and told them that the sons of Ambri were celebrating that the sons of Ambri were celebrating that the sons of Ambri were celebrating a marriage and bringing the bride from a marriage and bringing the bride from a marriage and bringing the bride from the city of Gabatha, who was the the city of Gabatha, who was the the city of Gabatha, who was the daughter of one of the illustrious men daughter of one of the illustrious men daughter of one of the illustrious men among the Arabians, and that the damsel among the Arabians, and that the damsel among the Arabians, and that the damsel was to be conducted with pomp and was to be conducted with pomp and was to be conducted with pomp and splendor and much riches. So, Jonathan splendor and much riches. So, Jonathan splendor and much riches. So, Jonathan and Simon, thinking this appeared to be and Simon, thinking this appeared to be and Simon, thinking this appeared to be the fittest time for them to avenge the the fittest time for them to avenge the the fittest time for them to avenge the death of their brother, and that they death of their brother, and that they death of their brother, and that they had forces sufficient for receiving had forces sufficient for receiving had forces sufficient for receiving satisfaction from them for his death, satisfaction from them for his death, satisfaction from them for his death, they made haste to Medaba and lay in they made haste to Medaba and lay in they made haste to Medaba and lay in wait among the mountains for the coming wait among the mountains for the coming wait among the mountains for the coming of their enemies. And as soon as they of their enemies. And as soon as they of their enemies. And as soon as they saw them conducting the virgin and her saw them conducting the virgin and her saw them conducting the virgin and her bridegroom and such a great company of bridegroom and such a great company of bridegroom and such a great company of their friends with them as was to be

their friends with them as was to be their friends with them as was to be expected at this wedding, they sallied expected at this wedding, they sallied expected at this wedding, they sallied out of their ambush and slew them and out of their ambush and slew them and out of their ambush and slew them and took their ornaments and all the prey took their ornaments and all the prey took their ornaments and all the prey that then followed them. And so returned that then followed them. And so returned that then followed them. And so returned and received the satisfaction for their and received the satisfaction for their and received the satisfaction for their brother John from the sons of Ambri. For brother John from the sons of Ambri. For brother John from the sons of Ambri. For as well those sons themselves as their as well those sons themselves as their as well those sons themselves as their friends and wives and children that friends and wives and children that friends and wives and children that followed them perished, being in number followed them perished, being in number followed them perished, being in number about 400. about 400. about 400. However, Simon and Jonathan returned to However, Simon and Jonathan returned to However, Simon and Jonathan returned to the lakes of the river and abode there. the lakes of the river and abode there. the lakes of the river and abode there. But Bacchides, when he had secured all But Bacchides, when he had secured all But Bacchides, when he had secured all Judea with his garrisons, returned to Judea with his garrisons, returned to Judea with his garrisons, returned to the king. And then it was that the the king. And then it was that the the king. And then it was that the affairs of Judea were quiet for 2 years. affairs of Judea were quiet for 2 years. affairs of Judea were quiet for 2 years. But when the deserters and the wicked But when the deserters and the wicked But when the deserters and the wicked saw that Jonathan and those that were saw that Jonathan and those that were saw that Jonathan and those that were with him lived in the country very with him lived in the country very with him lived in the country very quietly by reason of the peace, they quietly by reason of the peace, they quietly by reason of the peace, they sent to King Demetrius and excited him sent to King Demetrius and excited him sent to King Demetrius and excited him to send Bacchides to seize upon to send Bacchides to seize upon to send Bacchides to seize upon Jonathan, which they said was to be done Jonathan, which they said was to be done Jonathan, which they said was to be done without any trouble and in one night's without any trouble and in one night's without any trouble and in one night's time. time. time. And if they fell upon them before they And if they fell upon them before they And if they fell upon them before they were aware, they might slay them all.

were aware, they might slay them all. were aware, they might slay them all. So, the king sent Bacchides, who, when So, the king sent Bacchides, who, when So, the king sent Bacchides, who, when he was come into Judea, wrote to all his he was come into Judea, wrote to all his he was come into Judea, wrote to all his friends, both Jews and auxiliaries, that friends, both Jews and auxiliaries, that friends, both Jews and auxiliaries, that they should seize upon Jonathan and they should seize upon Jonathan and they should seize upon Jonathan and bring him to him. And when, upon all bring him to him. And when, upon all bring him to him. And when, upon all their endeavors, they were not able to their endeavors, they were not able to their endeavors, they were not able to seize upon Jonathan, for he was sensible seize upon Jonathan, for he was sensible seize upon Jonathan, for he was sensible of the snares they laid for him and very of the snares they laid for him and very of the snares they laid for him and very carefully guarded against them. carefully guarded against them. carefully guarded against them. Bacchides was angry at these deserters Bacchides was angry at these deserters Bacchides was angry at these deserters as having imposed upon him and upon the as having imposed upon him and upon the as having imposed upon him and upon the king and slew 50 of their leaders. king and slew 50 of their leaders. king and slew 50 of their leaders. Whereupon Jonathan with his brother and Whereupon Jonathan with his brother and Whereupon Jonathan with his brother and those that were with him retired to Beth those that were with him retired to Beth those that were with him retired to Beth Hoglah, a village that lay in the Hoglah, a village that lay in the Hoglah, a village that lay in the wilderness out of his fear of Bacchides. wilderness out of his fear of Bacchides. wilderness out of his fear of Bacchides. He also built towers in it and He also built towers in it and He also built towers in it and encompassed it with walls and took care encompassed it with walls and took care encompassed it with walls and took care that it should be safely guarded. Upon that it should be safely guarded. Upon that it should be safely guarded. Upon the hearing of which Bacchides led his the hearing of which Bacchides led his the hearing of which Bacchides led his own army along with him and besides took own army along with him and besides took own army along with him and besides took his Jewish auxiliaries and came against his Jewish auxiliaries and came against his Jewish auxiliaries and came against Jonathan and made an assault upon his Jonathan and made an assault upon his Jonathan and made an assault upon his fortification and besieged him many fortification and besieged him many fortification and besieged him many days.

days. days. But Jonathan did not abate of his But Jonathan did not abate of his But Jonathan did not abate of his courage at the zeal Bacchides used in courage at the zeal Bacchides used in courage at the zeal Bacchides used in the siege, but courageously opposed him. the siege, but courageously opposed him. the siege, but courageously opposed him. And while he left his brother Simon in And while he left his brother Simon in And while he left his brother Simon in the city to fight with Bacchides, he the city to fight with Bacchides, he the city to fight with Bacchides, he went privately out himself into the went privately out himself into the went privately out himself into the country and got a great body of men of country and got a great body of men of country and got a great body of men of his own party and fell upon Bacchides' his own party and fell upon Bacchides' his own party and fell upon Bacchides' camp in the night time and destroyed a camp in the night time and destroyed a camp in the night time and destroyed a great many of them. His brother Simon great many of them. His brother Simon great many of them. His brother Simon knew also of this his falling upon them knew also of this his falling upon them knew also of this his falling upon them because he perceived that the enemies because he perceived that the enemies because he perceived that the enemies were slain by him. So he sallied out were slain by him. So he sallied out were slain by him. So he sallied out upon them and burnt the engines which upon them and burnt the engines which upon them and burnt the engines which the Macedonians used and made a great the Macedonians used and made a great the Macedonians used and made a great slaughter of them. When Bacchides saw slaughter of them. When Bacchides saw slaughter of them. When Bacchides saw himself encompassed with enemies and himself encompassed with enemies and himself encompassed with enemies and some of them before and some behind, he some of them before and some behind, he some of them before and some behind, he fell into despair and trouble of mind as fell into despair and trouble of mind as fell into despair and trouble of mind as confounded at the unexpected ill success confounded at the unexpected ill success confounded at the unexpected ill success of this siege. However, he vented his of this siege. However, he vented his of this siege. However, he vented his displeasure at these misfortunes upon displeasure at these misfortunes upon displeasure at these misfortunes upon those deserters who sent for him from those deserters who sent for him from those deserters who sent for him from the king as having deluded him. So he the king as having deluded him. So he the king as having deluded him. So he had a mind to finish the siege after a had a mind to finish the siege after a had a mind to finish the siege after a decent manner if it were possible for decent manner if it were possible for decent manner if it were possible for him to do so and then return home.

him to do so and then return home. him to do so and then return home. When Jonathan understood these his When Jonathan understood these his When Jonathan understood these his intentions, he sent ambassadors to him intentions, he sent ambassadors to him intentions, he sent ambassadors to him about a league of friendship and mutual about a league of friendship and mutual about a league of friendship and mutual assistance, and that they might restore assistance, and that they might restore assistance, and that they might restore those they had taken captive on both those they had taken captive on both those they had taken captive on both sides. But, Bacchides thought this a sides. But, Bacchides thought this a sides. But, Bacchides thought this a pretty decent way of retiring home, and pretty decent way of retiring home, and pretty decent way of retiring home, and made a league of friendship with made a league of friendship with made a league of friendship with Jonathan. When they swore they would not Jonathan. When they swore they would not Jonathan. When they swore they would not anymore make war one against another. anymore make war one against another. anymore make war one against another. Accordingly, he restored the captives Accordingly, he restored the captives Accordingly, he restored the captives and took his own men with him, and and took his own men with him, and and took his own men with him, and returned to the king at Antioch. And returned to the king at Antioch. And returned to the king at Antioch. And after this his departure, he never came after this his departure, he never came after this his departure, he never came into Judea again. into Judea again. into Judea again. Then did Jonathan take the opportunity Then did Jonathan take the opportunity Then did Jonathan take the opportunity of this quiet state of things, and went of this quiet state of things, and went of this quiet state of things, and went and lived in the city of Michmash, and and lived in the city of Michmash, and and lived in the city of Michmash, and there governed the multitude, and there governed the multitude, and there governed the multitude, and punished the wicked and ungodly, and by punished the wicked and ungodly, and by punished the wicked and ungodly, and by this means purged the nation of them. Chapter 2. How Alexander Bala, in his Chapter 2. How Alexander Bala, in his war with Demetrius, granted Jonathan war with Demetrius, granted Jonathan war with Demetrius, granted Jonathan many advantages and appointed him to be many advantages and appointed him to be many advantages and appointed him to be high priest, and persuaded him to assist high priest, and persuaded him to assist high priest, and persuaded him to assist him, although Demetrius promised him him, although Demetrius promised him him, although Demetrius promised him greater advantages on the other side.

greater advantages on the other side. greater advantages on the other side. Concerning the death of Demetrius. Concerning the death of Demetrius. Concerning the death of Demetrius. Now, in the 160th year, it fell out that Now, in the 160th year, it fell out that Now, in the 160th year, it fell out that Alexander, the son of Antiochus Alexander, the son of Antiochus Alexander, the son of Antiochus Epiphanes, came up into Syria, and took Epiphanes, came up into Syria, and took Epiphanes, came up into Syria, and took Ptolemais, the soldiers within having Ptolemais, the soldiers within having Ptolemais, the soldiers within having betrayed it to him, for they were at betrayed it to him, for they were at betrayed it to him, for they were at enmity with Demetrius on account of his enmity with Demetrius on account of his enmity with Demetrius on account of his insolence and difficulty of access. For insolence and difficulty of access. For insolence and difficulty of access. For he shut himself up in a palace of his he shut himself up in a palace of his he shut himself up in a palace of his that had four towers, which he had built that had four towers, which he had built that had four towers, which he had built himself, not far from Antioch, and himself, not far from Antioch, and himself, not far from Antioch, and admitted no one. admitted no one. admitted no one. He was with all slothful and negligent He was with all slothful and negligent He was with all slothful and negligent about public affairs, whereby the hatred about public affairs, whereby the hatred about public affairs, whereby the hatred of his subjects was the more kindled of his subjects was the more kindled of his subjects was the more kindled against him, as we have elsewhere against him, as we have elsewhere against him, as we have elsewhere already related. Therefore, when already related. Therefore, when already related. Therefore, when Demetrius heard that Alexander was in Demetrius heard that Alexander was in Demetrius heard that Alexander was in Ptolemais, he took his whole army and Ptolemais, he took his whole army and Ptolemais, he took his whole army and led it against him. He also sent led it against him. He also sent led it against him. He also sent ambassadors to Jonathan about a league ambassadors to Jonathan about a league ambassadors to Jonathan about a league of mutual assistance and friendship. For of mutual assistance and friendship. For of mutual assistance and friendship. For he resolved to be beforehand with he resolved to be beforehand with he resolved to be beforehand with Alexander, lest the other should treat Alexander, lest the other should treat Alexander, lest the other should treat with him first, and gain assistance from with him first, and gain assistance from with him first, and gain assistance from him. And this he did out of fear he had him. And this he did out of fear he had him. And this he did out of fear he had lest Jonathan should remember how ill lest Jonathan should remember how ill lest Jonathan should remember how ill Demetrius had formerly treated him, and Demetrius had formerly treated him, and Demetrius had formerly treated him, and should join with him in this war against should join with him in this war against should join with him in this war against him. He therefore gave orders that him. He therefore gave orders that him. He therefore gave orders that Jonathan should be allowed to raise an Jonathan should be allowed to raise an Jonathan should be allowed to raise an army, and should get armor made, and army, and should get armor made, and army, and should get armor made, and should receive back those hostages of should receive back those hostages of should receive back those hostages of the Jewish nation whom Bacchides had the Jewish nation whom Bacchides had the Jewish nation whom Bacchides had shut up in the citadel of Jerusalem.

shut up in the citadel of Jerusalem. shut up in the citadel of Jerusalem. When this good fortune had befallen When this good fortune had befallen When this good fortune had befallen Jonathan by the concession of Demetrius, Jonathan by the concession of Demetrius, Jonathan by the concession of Demetrius, he came to Jerusalem and read the king's he came to Jerusalem and read the king's he came to Jerusalem and read the king's letter in the audience of the people and letter in the audience of the people and letter in the audience of the people and of those who kept the citadel. When of those who kept the citadel. When of those who kept the citadel. When these were read, these wicked men and these were read, these wicked men and these were read, these wicked men and deserters who were in the citadel were deserters who were in the citadel were deserters who were in the citadel were greatly afraid upon the king's greatly afraid upon the king's greatly afraid upon the king's permission to Jonathan to raise an army permission to Jonathan to raise an army permission to Jonathan to raise an army and to receive back the hostages. and to receive back the hostages. and to receive back the hostages. So he delivered every one of them to his So he delivered every one of them to his So he delivered every one of them to his own parents. And thus did Jonathan make own parents. And thus did Jonathan make own parents. And thus did Jonathan make his abode at Jerusalem, renewing the his abode at Jerusalem, renewing the his abode at Jerusalem, renewing the city to a better state, and reforming city to a better state, and reforming city to a better state, and reforming the buildings as he pleased. For he gave the buildings as he pleased. For he gave the buildings as he pleased. For he gave orders that the walls of the city should orders that the walls of the city should orders that the walls of the city should be rebuilt with square stones, and that be rebuilt with square stones, and that be rebuilt with square stones, and that it might be more secure from their it might be more secure from their it might be more secure from their enemies. enemies. enemies. And when those that kept the garrisons And when those that kept the garrisons And when those that kept the garrisons that were in Judea saw this, that were in Judea saw this, that were in Judea saw this, they all left them and fled to Antioch, they all left them and fled to Antioch, they all left them and fled to Antioch, excepting those that were in the city excepting those that were in the city excepting those that were in the city Beth-sura, and those that were in the Beth-sura, and those that were in the Beth-sura, and those that were in the citadel of Jerusalem. For the greater citadel of Jerusalem. For the greater citadel of Jerusalem. For the greater part of these was of the wicked Jews and part of these was of the wicked Jews and part of these was of the wicked Jews and deserters, and on that account these did deserters, and on that account these did deserters, and on that account these did not deliver up their garrisons.

not deliver up their garrisons. not deliver up their garrisons. When Alexander knew what promises When Alexander knew what promises When Alexander knew what promises Demetrius had made Jonathan, and with Demetrius had made Jonathan, and with Demetrius had made Jonathan, and with all knew his courage, and what great all knew his courage, and what great all knew his courage, and what great things he had done when he fought the things he had done when he fought the things he had done when he fought the Macedonians, and besides what hardships Macedonians, and besides what hardships Macedonians, and besides what hardships he had undergone by the means of he had undergone by the means of he had undergone by the means of Demetrius and of Bacchides, the general Demetrius and of Bacchides, the general Demetrius and of Bacchides, the general of Demetrius' army. He told his friends of Demetrius' army. He told his friends of Demetrius' army. He told his friends that he could not at present find anyone that he could not at present find anyone that he could not at present find anyone else that might afford him better else that might afford him better else that might afford him better assistance than Jonathan, who was both assistance than Jonathan, who was both assistance than Jonathan, who was both courageous against his enemies and had a courageous against his enemies and had a courageous against his enemies and had a particular hatred against Demetrius, as particular hatred against Demetrius, as particular hatred against Demetrius, as having both suffered many hard things having both suffered many hard things having both suffered many hard things from him and acted many hard things from him and acted many hard things from him and acted many hard things against him. against him. against him. If therefore they were of opinion that If therefore they were of opinion that If therefore they were of opinion that they should make him their friend they should make him their friend they should make him their friend against Demetrius, it was more for their against Demetrius, it was more for their against Demetrius, it was more for their advantage to invite him to assist them advantage to invite him to assist them advantage to invite him to assist them now than at another time. It being now than at another time. It being now than at another time. It being therefore determined by him and his therefore determined by him and his therefore determined by him and his friends to send to Jonathan, he wrote to friends to send to Jonathan, he wrote to friends to send to Jonathan, he wrote to him this epistle. him this epistle. him this epistle. King Alexander to his brother Jonathan King Alexander to his brother Jonathan King Alexander to his brother Jonathan sendeth greeting. We have long ago heard sendeth greeting. We have long ago heard sendeth greeting. We have long ago heard of thy courage and thy fidelity, and for of thy courage and thy fidelity, and for of thy courage and thy fidelity, and for that reason have sent to thee to make that reason have sent to thee to make that reason have sent to thee to make with thee a league of friendship and with thee a league of friendship and with thee a league of friendship and mutual assistance.

mutual assistance. mutual assistance. We therefore do ordain thee this day the We therefore do ordain thee this day the We therefore do ordain thee this day the high priest of the Jews, and that thou high priest of the Jews, and that thou high priest of the Jews, and that thou be as called my friend. I have also sent be as called my friend. I have also sent be as called my friend. I have also sent thee as presents a purple robe and a thee as presents a purple robe and a thee as presents a purple robe and a golden crown, and desire that, now thou golden crown, and desire that, now thou golden crown, and desire that, now thou art by us honored, thou wilt in like art by us honored, thou wilt in like art by us honored, thou wilt in like manner respect us also. manner respect us also. manner respect us also. When Jonathan had received this letter, When Jonathan had received this letter, When Jonathan had received this letter, he put on the pontifical robe at the he put on the pontifical robe at the he put on the pontifical robe at the time of the feast of tabernacles, four time of the feast of tabernacles, four time of the feast of tabernacles, four years after the death of his brother years after the death of his brother years after the death of his brother Judas, for at that time no high priest Judas, for at that time no high priest Judas, for at that time no high priest had been made. So he raised great forces had been made. So he raised great forces had been made. So he raised great forces and had abundance of armor got ready. and had abundance of armor got ready. and had abundance of armor got ready. This greatly grieved Demetrius when he This greatly grieved Demetrius when he This greatly grieved Demetrius when he heard of it and made him blame himself heard of it and made him blame himself heard of it and made him blame himself for his slowness, that he had not for his slowness, that he had not for his slowness, that he had not prevented Alexander and got the goodwill prevented Alexander and got the goodwill prevented Alexander and got the goodwill of Jonathan, but had given him time so of Jonathan, but had given him time so of Jonathan, but had given him time so to do. However, he also himself wrote a to do. However, he also himself wrote a to do. However, he also himself wrote a letter to Jonathan and to the people, letter to Jonathan and to the people, letter to Jonathan and to the people, the contents whereof are these. the contents whereof are these. the contents whereof are these. King Demetrius to Jonathan and to the King Demetrius to Jonathan and to the King Demetrius to Jonathan and to the nation of the Jews sendeth greeting.

nation of the Jews sendeth greeting. nation of the Jews sendeth greeting. Since you have preserved your friendship Since you have preserved your friendship Since you have preserved your friendship for us, and when you have been tempted for us, and when you have been tempted for us, and when you have been tempted by our enemies, you have not joined by our enemies, you have not joined by our enemies, you have not joined yourselves to them, I both commend you yourselves to them, I both commend you yourselves to them, I both commend you for this your fidelity and exhort you to for this your fidelity and exhort you to for this your fidelity and exhort you to continue in the same disposition, for continue in the same disposition, for continue in the same disposition, for which you shall be repaid and receive which you shall be repaid and receive which you shall be repaid and receive rewards from us. rewards from us. rewards from us. For I will free you from the greatest For I will free you from the greatest For I will free you from the greatest part of the tributes and taxes which you part of the tributes and taxes which you part of the tributes and taxes which you formerly paid to the kings, my formerly paid to the kings, my formerly paid to the kings, my predecessors, and to myself. predecessors, and to myself. predecessors, and to myself. And I do now set you free from those And I do now set you free from those And I do now set you free from those tributes which you have ever paid. And tributes which you have ever paid. And tributes which you have ever paid. And besides, I forgive you the tax upon salt besides, I forgive you the tax upon salt besides, I forgive you the tax upon salt and the value of the crowns which you and the value of the crowns which you and the value of the crowns which you used to offer to me. And instead of the used to offer to me. And instead of the used to offer to me. And instead of the third part of the fruits of the field third part of the fruits of the field third part of the fruits of the field and the half of the fruits of the trees, and the half of the fruits of the trees, and the half of the fruits of the trees, I relinquish my part of them from this I relinquish my part of them from this I relinquish my part of them from this day. And as to poll money, which ought day. And as to poll money, which ought day. And as to poll money, which ought to be given me for every head of the to be given me for every head of the to be given me for every head of the inhabitants of Judea and of the three inhabitants of Judea and of the three inhabitants of Judea and of the three toparchies that are joined to Judea, toparchies that are joined to Judea, toparchies that are joined to Judea, Samaria, and Galilee, and Perea, that I Samaria, and Galilee, and Perea, that I Samaria, and Galilee, and Perea, that I relinquish to you for this time and for relinquish to you for this time and for relinquish to you for this time and for all time to come.

all time to come. all time to come. I will also that the city of Jerusalem I will also that the city of Jerusalem I will also that the city of Jerusalem be holy and inviolable and free from the be holy and inviolable and free from the be holy and inviolable and free from the tithe and from the taxes unto its utmost tithe and from the taxes unto its utmost tithe and from the taxes unto its utmost bounds. And I so far recede from my bounds. And I so far recede from my bounds. And I so far recede from my title to the citadel as to permit title to the citadel as to permit title to the citadel as to permit Jonathan, your high priest, to possess Jonathan, your high priest, to possess Jonathan, your high priest, to possess it, that he may place such a garrison in it, that he may place such a garrison in it, that he may place such a garrison in it as he approves of for fidelity and it as he approves of for fidelity and it as he approves of for fidelity and goodwill to himself, that they may keep goodwill to himself, that they may keep goodwill to himself, that they may keep it for us. I also make free all those it for us. I also make free all those it for us. I also make free all those Jews who have been made captives and Jews who have been made captives and Jews who have been made captives and slaves in my kingdom. I also give order slaves in my kingdom. I also give order slaves in my kingdom. I also give order that the beasts of the Jews be not that the beasts of the Jews be not that the beasts of the Jews be not pressed for our service. pressed for our service. pressed for our service. And let their Sabbaths and all their And let their Sabbaths and all their And let their Sabbaths and all their festivals and three days before each of festivals and three days before each of festivals and three days before each of them be free from any imposition. them be free from any imposition. them be free from any imposition. In the same manner, I set free the Jews In the same manner, I set free the Jews In the same manner, I set free the Jews that are inhabitants of my kingdom and that are inhabitants of my kingdom and that are inhabitants of my kingdom and order that no injury be done them. order that no injury be done them. order that no injury be done them. I also give leave to such of them as are I also give leave to such of them as are I also give leave to such of them as are willing to list themselves in my army willing to list themselves in my army willing to list themselves in my army that they may do it, and those as far as that they may do it, and those as far as that they may do it, and those as far as 30,000, which Jewish soldiers, 30,000, which Jewish soldiers, 30,000, which Jewish soldiers, wheresoever they go, shall have the same wheresoever they go, shall have the same wheresoever they go, shall have the same pay that my own army hath. And some of pay that my own army hath. And some of pay that my own army hath. And some of them I will place in my garrisons and them I will place in my garrisons and them I will place in my garrisons and some as guards about my own body and as some as guards about my own body and as some as guards about my own body and as rulers over those that are in my court.

rulers over those that are in my court. rulers over those that are in my court. I give them leave also to use the laws I give them leave also to use the laws I give them leave also to use the laws of their forefathers and to observe of their forefathers and to observe of their forefathers and to observe them. And I will that they have power them. And I will that they have power them. And I will that they have power over the three toparchies that are added over the three toparchies that are added over the three toparchies that are added to Judea. to Judea. to Judea. That it shall be in the power of the That it shall be in the power of the That it shall be in the power of the high priest to take care that no one Jew high priest to take care that no one Jew high priest to take care that no one Jew shall have any other temple for worship shall have any other temple for worship shall have any other temple for worship but only that at Jerusalem. I bequeath but only that at Jerusalem. I bequeath but only that at Jerusalem. I bequeath also out of my own revenues yearly for also out of my own revenues yearly for also out of my own revenues yearly for the expenses about the sacrifices the expenses about the sacrifices the expenses about the sacrifices 150,000 150,000 150,000 drachma. And what money is to spare, I drachma. And what money is to spare, I drachma. And what money is to spare, I will that it shall be your own. I also will that it shall be your own. I also will that it shall be your own. I also release to you those 10,000 drachma release to you those 10,000 drachma release to you those 10,000 drachma which the kings received from the temple which the kings received from the temple which the kings received from the temple because they appertain to the priests because they appertain to the priests because they appertain to the priests that minister in that temple. that minister in that temple. that minister in that temple. And whosoever shall fly to the temple at And whosoever shall fly to the temple at And whosoever shall fly to the temple at Jerusalem or to the places thereto Jerusalem or to the places thereto Jerusalem or to the places thereto belonging or who owe the king money or belonging or who owe the king money or belonging or who owe the king money or are there on any other account, let them are there on any other account, let them are there on any other account, let them be set free and let their goods be in be set free and let their goods be in be set free and let their goods be in safety. safety. safety. I also give you leave to repair and I also give you leave to repair and I also give you leave to repair and rebuild your temple and that all be done rebuild your temple and that all be done rebuild your temple and that all be done at my expense. I also allow you to build at my expense. I also allow you to build at my expense. I also allow you to build the walls of your city and to erect high the walls of your city and to erect high the walls of your city and to erect high towers and that they be erected at my towers and that they be erected at my towers and that they be erected at my charge. And if there be any fortified charge. And if there be any fortified charge. And if there be any fortified town that would be convenient for the town that would be convenient for the town that would be convenient for the Jewish country to have very strong, let Jewish country to have very strong, let Jewish country to have very strong, let it be so built at my expenses.

it be so built at my expenses. it be so built at my expenses. This was what Demetrius promised and This was what Demetrius promised and This was what Demetrius promised and granted to the Jews by this letter. But granted to the Jews by this letter. But granted to the Jews by this letter. But King Alexander raised a great army of King Alexander raised a great army of King Alexander raised a great army of mercenary soldiers and of those that mercenary soldiers and of those that mercenary soldiers and of those that deserted to him out of Syria, and made deserted to him out of Syria, and made deserted to him out of Syria, and made an expedition against Demetrius. an expedition against Demetrius. an expedition against Demetrius. When it was come to a battle, the left When it was come to a battle, the left When it was come to a battle, the left wing of Demetrius put those who opposed wing of Demetrius put those who opposed wing of Demetrius put those who opposed them to flight, and pursued them a great them to flight, and pursued them a great them to flight, and pursued them a great way, and slew many of them, and spoiled way, and slew many of them, and spoiled way, and slew many of them, and spoiled their camp. But the right wing, where their camp. But the right wing, where their camp. But the right wing, where Demetrius happened to be, was beaten, Demetrius happened to be, was beaten, Demetrius happened to be, was beaten, and as for all the rest, they ran away. and as for all the rest, they ran away. and as for all the rest, they ran away. But Demetrius fought courageously, and But Demetrius fought courageously, and But Demetrius fought courageously, and slew a great many of the enemy. But as slew a great many of the enemy. But as slew a great many of the enemy. But as he was in the pursuit of the rest, his he was in the pursuit of the rest, his he was in the pursuit of the rest, his horse carried him into a deep bog, where horse carried him into a deep bog, where horse carried him into a deep bog, where it was hard to get out. And there it it was hard to get out. And there it it was hard to get out. And there it happened that upon his horse falling happened that upon his horse falling happened that upon his horse falling down, he could not escape being killed. down, he could not escape being killed. down, he could not escape being killed. For when his enemies saw what had For when his enemies saw what had For when his enemies saw what had befallen him, they returned back, and befallen him, they returned back, and befallen him, they returned back, and encompassed Demetrius round. And they encompassed Demetrius round. And they encompassed Demetrius round. And they all threw their darts at him. But he, all threw their darts at him. But he, all threw their darts at him. But he, being now on foot, fought bravely. But being now on foot, fought bravely. But being now on foot, fought bravely. But at length he received so many wounds at length he received so many wounds at length he received so many wounds that he was not able to bear up any that he was not able to bear up any that he was not able to bear up any longer, but fell. And this is the end longer, but fell. And this is the end longer, but fell. And this is the end that Demetrius came to, when he had that Demetrius came to, when he had that Demetrius came to, when he had reigned 11 years, as we have elsewhere reigned 11 years, as we have elsewhere reigned 11 years, as we have elsewhere related.

related. related. End of Book 13, Chapters 1 and 2. Book 13, Chapters 3 and 4 of The Book 13, Chapters 3 and 4 of The Antiquities of the Jews, Volume 3. This Antiquities of the Jews, Volume 3. This Antiquities of the Jews, Volume 3. This is a LibriVox recording. All LibriVox is a LibriVox recording. All LibriVox is a LibriVox recording. All LibriVox recordings are in the public domain. For recordings are in the public domain. For recordings are in the public domain. For more information or to volunteer, please more information or to volunteer, please more information or to volunteer, please visit librivox.org. visit librivox.org. visit librivox.org. Recording by Anne Boulay. Recording by Anne Boulay. Recording by Anne Boulay. The Antiquities of the Jews, Volume 3, The Antiquities of the Jews, Volume 3, The Antiquities of the Jews, Volume 3, by Flavius Josephus, translated by by Flavius Josephus, translated by by Flavius Josephus, translated by William Whiston. William Whiston. William Whiston. Book 13, Chapters 3 and 4. Chapter 3. The friendship that was Chapter 3. The friendship that was between Onias and Ptolemy Philometor, between Onias and Ptolemy Philometor, between Onias and Ptolemy Philometor, and how Onias built a temple in Egypt and how Onias built a temple in Egypt and how Onias built a temple in Egypt like to that at Jerusalem. like to that at Jerusalem. like to that at Jerusalem. But then the son of Onias the high But then the son of Onias the high But then the son of Onias the high priest, who was of the same name with priest, who was of the same name with priest, who was of the same name with his father, and who fled to King his father, and who fled to King his father, and who fled to King Ptolemy, who was called Philometor, Ptolemy, who was called Philometor, Ptolemy, who was called Philometor, lived now at Alexandria, as we have said lived now at Alexandria, as we have said lived now at Alexandria, as we have said already. When this Onias saw that Judea already. When this Onias saw that Judea already. When this Onias saw that Judea was oppressed by the Macedonians and was oppressed by the Macedonians and was oppressed by the Macedonians and their kings, out of a desire to purchase their kings, out of a desire to purchase their kings, out of a desire to purchase to himself of memorial and eternal fame, to himself of memorial and eternal fame, to himself of memorial and eternal fame, he resolved to send to King Ptolemy and he resolved to send to King Ptolemy and he resolved to send to King Ptolemy and Queen Cleopatra to ask leave of them Queen Cleopatra to ask leave of them Queen Cleopatra to ask leave of them that he might build a temple in Egypt that he might build a temple in Egypt that he might build a temple in Egypt like to that at Jerusalem, and might like to that at Jerusalem, and might like to that at Jerusalem, and might ordain Levites and priests out of their ordain Levites and priests out of their ordain Levites and priests out of their own stock. The chief reason why he was

own stock. The chief reason why he was own stock. The chief reason why he was desirous so to do was that he relied desirous so to do was that he relied desirous so to do was that he relied upon the prophet Isaiah, who lived above upon the prophet Isaiah, who lived above upon the prophet Isaiah, who lived above 600 years before, and foretold that 600 years before, and foretold that 600 years before, and foretold that there certainly was to be a temple built there certainly was to be a temple built there certainly was to be a temple built to Almighty God in Egypt by a man that to Almighty God in Egypt by a man that to Almighty God in Egypt by a man that was a Jew. was a Jew. was a Jew. Onias was elevated with this prediction, Onias was elevated with this prediction, Onias was elevated with this prediction, and wrote the following epistle to and wrote the following epistle to and wrote the following epistle to Ptolemy and Cleopatra. Ptolemy and Cleopatra. Ptolemy and Cleopatra. Having done many and great things for Having done many and great things for Having done many and great things for you in the affairs of the war, by the you in the affairs of the war, by the you in the affairs of the war, by the assistance of God, that in Coele-Syria assistance of God, that in Coele-Syria assistance of God, that in Coele-Syria and Phoenicia, I came at length with the and Phoenicia, I came at length with the and Phoenicia, I came at length with the Jews to Leontopolis and to other places Jews to Leontopolis and to other places Jews to Leontopolis and to other places of your nation, where I found that the of your nation, where I found that the of your nation, where I found that the greatest part of your people had temples greatest part of your people had temples greatest part of your people had temples in an improper manner, and that on this in an improper manner, and that on this in an improper manner, and that on this account they bear ill will one against account they bear ill will one against account they bear ill will one against another, which happens to the Egyptians another, which happens to the Egyptians another, which happens to the Egyptians by reason of the multitude of their by reason of the multitude of their by reason of the multitude of their temples and the difference of opinions temples and the difference of opinions temples and the difference of opinions about divine worship. Now I found a very about divine worship. Now I found a very about divine worship. Now I found a very fit place in a castle that hath its name fit place in a castle that hath its name fit place in a castle that hath its name with the country Diana. with the country Diana. with the country Diana. This place is full of materials of This place is full of materials of This place is full of materials of several sorts, and replenished with several sorts, and replenished with several sorts, and replenished with sacred animals. I desire therefore that sacred animals. I desire therefore that sacred animals. I desire therefore that you will grant me leave to purge this you will grant me leave to purge this you will grant me leave to purge this holy place, which belongs to no master, holy place, which belongs to no master, holy place, which belongs to no master, and is fallen down, and to build there a and is fallen down, and to build there a and is fallen down, and to build there a temple to almighty God after the pattern temple to almighty God after the pattern temple to almighty God after the pattern of that in Jerusalem, and of the same of that in Jerusalem, and of the same of that in Jerusalem, and of the same dimensions, that may be for the benefit dimensions, that may be for the benefit dimensions, that may be for the benefit of thyself and thy wife and children.

of thyself and thy wife and children. of thyself and thy wife and children. That those Jews which dwell in Egypt may That those Jews which dwell in Egypt may That those Jews which dwell in Egypt may have a place whither they may come and have a place whither they may come and have a place whither they may come and meet together in mutual harmony one with meet together in mutual harmony one with meet together in mutual harmony one with another, and he subservient to thy another, and he subservient to thy another, and he subservient to thy advantages. For the prophet Isaiah advantages. For the prophet Isaiah advantages. For the prophet Isaiah foretold that there should be an altar foretold that there should be an altar foretold that there should be an altar in Egypt to the Lord God. And many other in Egypt to the Lord God. And many other in Egypt to the Lord God. And many other things did he prophesy relating to that things did he prophesy relating to that things did he prophesy relating to that place. place. place. And this is what Onias wrote to King And this is what Onias wrote to King And this is what Onias wrote to King Ptolemy. Now, anyone may observe his Ptolemy. Now, anyone may observe his Ptolemy. Now, anyone may observe his piety and that of his sister and wife piety and that of his sister and wife piety and that of his sister and wife Cleopatra by that epistle which they Cleopatra by that epistle which they Cleopatra by that epistle which they wrote in answer to it. For they lay the wrote in answer to it. For they lay the wrote in answer to it. For they lay the blame and the transgression of the law blame and the transgression of the law blame and the transgression of the law upon the head of Onias. And this was upon the head of Onias. And this was upon the head of Onias. And this was their reply. King Ptolemy and Queen their reply. King Ptolemy and Queen their reply. King Ptolemy and Queen Cleopatra to Onias, send greeting. We Cleopatra to Onias, send greeting. We Cleopatra to Onias, send greeting. We have read thy petition, wherein thou have read thy petition, wherein thou have read thy petition, wherein thou desirest leave to be given to thee to desirest leave to be given to thee to desirest leave to be given to thee to purge that temple which is fallen down purge that temple which is fallen down purge that temple which is fallen down in Leontopolis in Leontopolis in Leontopolis in the Nomos of Heliopolis, in the Nomos of Heliopolis, in the Nomos of Heliopolis, and which is named from the country and which is named from the country and which is named from the country Bubastis. Bubastis. Bubastis. On which account we cannot but wonder On which account we cannot but wonder On which account we cannot but wonder that it should be pleasing to God to that it should be pleasing to God to that it should be pleasing to God to have a temple erected in a place so have a temple erected in a place so have a temple erected in a place so unclean and so full of sacred animals.

unclean and so full of sacred animals. unclean and so full of sacred animals. And since thou sayest that Isaiah the And since thou sayest that Isaiah the And since thou sayest that Isaiah the prophet foretold this long ago, we give prophet foretold this long ago, we give prophet foretold this long ago, we give thee leave to do it if it may be done thee leave to do it if it may be done thee leave to do it if it may be done according to your law. And that we may according to your law. And that we may according to your law. And that we may not appear to have at all offended God not appear to have at all offended God not appear to have at all offended God herein. herein. herein. So, Onias took the place and built a So, Onias took the place and built a So, Onias took the place and built a temple and an altar to God like indeed temple and an altar to God like indeed temple and an altar to God like indeed to that in Jerusalem, but smaller and to that in Jerusalem, but smaller and to that in Jerusalem, but smaller and poorer. I do not think it proper for me poorer. I do not think it proper for me poorer. I do not think it proper for me now to describe its dimensions or its now to describe its dimensions or its now to describe its dimensions or its vessels, which have been already vessels, which have been already vessels, which have been already described in my seventh book of the Wars described in my seventh book of the Wars described in my seventh book of the Wars of the Jews. However, Onias found other of the Jews. However, Onias found other of the Jews. However, Onias found other Jews like himself, together with priests Jews like himself, together with priests Jews like himself, together with priests and Levites, that there performed divine and Levites, that there performed divine and Levites, that there performed divine service. But we have said enough about service. But we have said enough about service. But we have said enough about this temple. this temple. this temple. Now it came to pass that the Alexandrian Now it came to pass that the Alexandrian Now it came to pass that the Alexandrian Jews, and those Samaritans who paid Jews, and those Samaritans who paid Jews, and those Samaritans who paid their worship to the temple that was their worship to the temple that was their worship to the temple that was built in the days of Alexander at Mount built in the days of Alexander at Mount built in the days of Alexander at Mount Gerizim, did now make a sedition one Gerizim, did now make a sedition one Gerizim, did now make a sedition one against another, and disputed about against another, and disputed about against another, and disputed about their temples before Ptolemy himself.

their temples before Ptolemy himself. their temples before Ptolemy himself. The Jews saying that, according to the The Jews saying that, according to the The Jews saying that, according to the laws of Moses, the temple was to be laws of Moses, the temple was to be laws of Moses, the temple was to be built at Jerusalem. And the Samaritans built at Jerusalem. And the Samaritans built at Jerusalem. And the Samaritans saying that it was to be built at saying that it was to be built at saying that it was to be built at Gerizim. Gerizim. Gerizim. They desired therefore the king to sit They desired therefore the king to sit They desired therefore the king to sit with his friends, and hear the debates with his friends, and hear the debates with his friends, and hear the debates about these matters, and punish those about these matters, and punish those about these matters, and punish those with death who were baffled. with death who were baffled. with death who were baffled. Now Sabbaias and Theodosius managed the Now Sabbaias and Theodosius managed the Now Sabbaias and Theodosius managed the argument for the Samaritans, and argument for the Samaritans, and argument for the Samaritans, and Andronicus, the son of Messalamus, for Andronicus, the son of Messalamus, for Andronicus, the son of Messalamus, for the people of Jerusalem. And they took the people of Jerusalem. And they took the people of Jerusalem. And they took an oath by God and the king to make an oath by God and the king to make an oath by God and the king to make their demonstrations according to the their demonstrations according to the their demonstrations according to the law. And they desired of Ptolemy that law. And they desired of Ptolemy that law. And they desired of Ptolemy that whosoever he should find that whosoever he should find that whosoever he should find that transgressed what they had sworn to, he transgressed what they had sworn to, he transgressed what they had sworn to, he would put him to death. would put him to death. would put him to death. Accordingly, the king took several of Accordingly, the king took several of Accordingly, the king took several of his friends into the council and sat his friends into the council and sat his friends into the council and sat down in order to hear what the pleaders down in order to hear what the pleaders down in order to hear what the pleaders said. Now the Jews that were at said. Now the Jews that were at said. Now the Jews that were at Alexandria were in great concern for Alexandria were in great concern for Alexandria were in great concern for those men whose lot it was to contend those men whose lot it was to contend those men whose lot it was to contend for the temple at Jerusalem. For they for the temple at Jerusalem. For they for the temple at Jerusalem. For they took it very ill that any should take took it very ill that any should take took it very ill that any should take away the reputation of that temple, away the reputation of that temple, away the reputation of that temple, which was so ancient and so celebrated which was so ancient and so celebrated which was so ancient and so celebrated all over the habitable earth.

all over the habitable earth. all over the habitable earth. Now when Sabbaias and Theodosius had Now when Sabbaias and Theodosius had Now when Sabbaias and Theodosius had given leave to Andronicus to speak given leave to Andronicus to speak given leave to Andronicus to speak first, he began to demonstrate out of first, he began to demonstrate out of first, he began to demonstrate out of the law and out of the successions of the law and out of the successions of the law and out of the successions of the high priests how they everyone in the high priests how they everyone in the high priests how they everyone in succession from his father had received succession from his father had received succession from his father had received that dignity and ruled over the temple. that dignity and ruled over the temple. that dignity and ruled over the temple. And how all the kings of Asia had And how all the kings of Asia had And how all the kings of Asia had honored that temple with their donations honored that temple with their donations honored that temple with their donations and with the most splendid gifts and with the most splendid gifts and with the most splendid gifts dedicated thereto. dedicated thereto. dedicated thereto. But as for that Agri some, he made no But as for that Agri some, he made no But as for that Agri some, he made no account of it and regarded it as if it account of it and regarded it as if it account of it and regarded it as if it had never had a being. had never had a being. had never had a being. By this speech and other arguments, By this speech and other arguments, By this speech and other arguments, Andronicus persuaded the king to Andronicus persuaded the king to Andronicus persuaded the king to determine that the temple at Jerusalem determine that the temple at Jerusalem determine that the temple at Jerusalem was built according to the laws of Moses was built according to the laws of Moses was built according to the laws of Moses and to put Sabbias and Theodosius to and to put Sabbias and Theodosius to and to put Sabbias and Theodosius to death. And these were the events that death. And these were the events that death. And these were the events that befell the Jews at Alexandria in the befell the Jews at Alexandria in the befell the Jews at Alexandria in the days of Ptolemy Philometor. Chapter 4. How Alexander honored Chapter 4. How Alexander honored Jonathan after an extraordinary manner Jonathan after an extraordinary manner Jonathan after an extraordinary manner and how Demetrius, the son of Demetrius, and how Demetrius, the son of Demetrius, and how Demetrius, the son of Demetrius, overcame Alexander and made a league of overcame Alexander and made a league of overcame Alexander and made a league of friendship with Jonathan.

friendship with Jonathan. friendship with Jonathan. Demetrius being thus slain in battle, as Demetrius being thus slain in battle, as Demetrius being thus slain in battle, as we have above related, Alexander took we have above related, Alexander took we have above related, Alexander took the kingdom of Syria and wrote to the kingdom of Syria and wrote to the kingdom of Syria and wrote to Ptolemy Philometor and desired his Ptolemy Philometor and desired his Ptolemy Philometor and desired his daughter in marriage and said that it daughter in marriage and said that it daughter in marriage and said that it was but just that he should be joined in was but just that he should be joined in was but just that he should be joined in affinity to one that had now received affinity to one that had now received affinity to one that had now received the principality of his forefathers and the principality of his forefathers and the principality of his forefathers and had been promoted to it by God's had been promoted to it by God's had been promoted to it by God's providence and had conquered Demetrius providence and had conquered Demetrius providence and had conquered Demetrius and that was on other accounts not and that was on other accounts not and that was on other accounts not unworthy of being related to him. unworthy of being related to him. unworthy of being related to him. Ptolemy received this proposal of Ptolemy received this proposal of Ptolemy received this proposal of marriage gladly and wrote him an answer marriage gladly and wrote him an answer marriage gladly and wrote him an answer saluting him on account of his having saluting him on account of his having saluting him on account of his having received the principality of his received the principality of his received the principality of his forefathers and promising him that he forefathers and promising him that he forefathers and promising him that he would give him his daughter in marriage would give him his daughter in marriage would give him his daughter in marriage and assured him that he was coming to and assured him that he was coming to and assured him that he was coming to meet him at Ptolemais and desired that meet him at Ptolemais and desired that meet him at Ptolemais and desired that he would there meet him for that he he would there meet him for that he he would there meet him for that he would accompany her from Egypt so far would accompany her from Egypt so far would accompany her from Egypt so far and would there marry his child to him. and would there marry his child to him. and would there marry his child to him. When Ptolemy had written thus, he came When Ptolemy had written thus, he came When Ptolemy had written thus, he came suddenly to Ptolemais and brought his suddenly to Ptolemais and brought his suddenly to Ptolemais and brought his daughter Cleopatra along with him. And daughter Cleopatra along with him. And daughter Cleopatra along with him. And as he found Alexander there before him, as he found Alexander there before him, as he found Alexander there before him, as he desired him to come. He gave him as he desired him to come. He gave him as he desired him to come. He gave him his child in marriage, and for her his child in marriage, and for her his child in marriage, and for her portion gave her as much silver and gold portion gave her as much silver and gold portion gave her as much silver and gold as became such a king to give.

as became such a king to give. as became such a king to give. When the wedding was over, Alexander When the wedding was over, Alexander When the wedding was over, Alexander wrote to Jonathan the high priest and wrote to Jonathan the high priest and wrote to Jonathan the high priest and desired him to come to Ptolemais. desired him to come to Ptolemais. desired him to come to Ptolemais. So, when he came to these kings and had So, when he came to these kings and had So, when he came to these kings and had made them magnificent presents, he was made them magnificent presents, he was made them magnificent presents, he was honored by both. Alexander compelled him honored by both. Alexander compelled him honored by both. Alexander compelled him also to put off his own garment and to also to put off his own garment and to also to put off his own garment and to take a purple garment, and made him sit take a purple garment, and made him sit take a purple garment, and made him sit with him in his throne, and commanded with him in his throne, and commanded with him in his throne, and commanded his captains that they should go with his captains that they should go with his captains that they should go with him into the middle of the city and him into the middle of the city and him into the middle of the city and proclaim that it was not permitted to proclaim that it was not permitted to proclaim that it was not permitted to anyone to speak against him or to give anyone to speak against him or to give anyone to speak against him or to give him any disturbance. him any disturbance. him any disturbance. When the captains had thus done, those When the captains had thus done, those When the captains had thus done, those that were prepared to accuse Jonathan, that were prepared to accuse Jonathan, that were prepared to accuse Jonathan, and who bore him ill will, when they saw and who bore him ill will, when they saw and who bore him ill will, when they saw the honor that was done him by the honor that was done him by the honor that was done him by proclamation, and that by the king's proclamation, and that by the king's proclamation, and that by the king's order, ran away and were afraid lest order, ran away and were afraid lest order, ran away and were afraid lest some mischief should befall them. Nay, some mischief should befall them. Nay, some mischief should befall them. Nay, King Alexander was so very kind to King Alexander was so very kind to King Alexander was so very kind to Jonathan that he set him down as the Jonathan that he set him down as the Jonathan that he set him down as the principal of his friends. principal of his friends. principal of his friends. But then, upon the 165th year, But then, upon the 165th year, But then, upon the 165th year, Demetrius, the son of Demetrius, came Demetrius, the son of Demetrius, came Demetrius, the son of Demetrius, came from Crete with a great number of from Crete with a great number of from Crete with a great number of mercenary soldiers, which Lasthenes, the mercenary soldiers, which Lasthenes, the mercenary soldiers, which Lasthenes, the Cretian, brought him, and sailed to Cretian, brought him, and sailed to Cretian, brought him, and sailed to Cilicia.

Cilicia. Cilicia. This thing cast Alexander into great This thing cast Alexander into great This thing cast Alexander into great concern and disorder when he heard it. concern and disorder when he heard it. concern and disorder when he heard it. So, he made haste immediately out of So, he made haste immediately out of So, he made haste immediately out of Phoenicia and came to Antioch that he Phoenicia and came to Antioch that he Phoenicia and came to Antioch that he might put matters in a safe posture might put matters in a safe posture might put matters in a safe posture there before Demetrius should come. He there before Demetrius should come. He there before Demetrius should come. He also left Apollonius Daus, governor of also left Apollonius Daus, governor of also left Apollonius Daus, governor of Coelesyria, who, coming to Jamnia with a Coelesyria, who, coming to Jamnia with a Coelesyria, who, coming to Jamnia with a great army, sent to Jonathan the high great army, sent to Jonathan the high great army, sent to Jonathan the high priest and told him that it was not priest and told him that it was not priest and told him that it was not right that he alone should live at rest right that he alone should live at rest right that he alone should live at rest and with authority and not be subjected and with authority and not be subjected and with authority and not be subjected to the king. That this thing had made to the king. That this thing had made to the king. That this thing had made him a reproach among all men, that he him a reproach among all men, that he him a reproach among all men, that he had not yet made him subject to the had not yet made him subject to the had not yet made him subject to the king. king. king. Do not thou therefore deceive thyself, Do not thou therefore deceive thyself, Do not thou therefore deceive thyself, and sit still among the mountains, and and sit still among the mountains, and and sit still among the mountains, and pretend to have forces with thee. pretend to have forces with thee. pretend to have forces with thee. But if thou hast any dependence on thy But if thou hast any dependence on thy But if thou hast any dependence on thy strength, come down into the plain, and strength, come down into the plain, and strength, come down into the plain, and let our armies be compared together, and let our armies be compared together, and let our armies be compared together, and the event of the battle will demonstrate the event of the battle will demonstrate the event of the battle will demonstrate which of us is the most courageous. which of us is the most courageous. which of us is the most courageous. However, take notice that the most However, take notice that the most However, take notice that the most valiant men of every city are in my valiant men of every city are in my valiant men of every city are in my army, and that these are the very men army, and that these are the very men army, and that these are the very men who have always beaten thy progenitors.

who have always beaten thy progenitors. who have always beaten thy progenitors. But let us have the battle in such a But let us have the battle in such a But let us have the battle in such a place of the country where we may fight place of the country where we may fight place of the country where we may fight with weapons, and not with stones, and with weapons, and not with stones, and with weapons, and not with stones, and where there may be no place whither where there may be no place whither where there may be no place whither those that are beaten may fly. those that are beaten may fly. those that are beaten may fly. With this, Jonathan was irritated, and With this, Jonathan was irritated, and With this, Jonathan was irritated, and choosing himself out of 10,000 of his choosing himself out of 10,000 of his choosing himself out of 10,000 of his soldiers, he went out of Jerusalem in soldiers, he went out of Jerusalem in soldiers, he went out of Jerusalem in haste with his brother Simon, and came haste with his brother Simon, and came haste with his brother Simon, and came to Joppa, and pitched his camp on the to Joppa, and pitched his camp on the to Joppa, and pitched his camp on the outside of the city, because the people outside of the city, because the people outside of the city, because the people of Joppa had shut their gates against of Joppa had shut their gates against of Joppa had shut their gates against him, for they had a garrison in the city him, for they had a garrison in the city him, for they had a garrison in the city put there by Apollonius. put there by Apollonius. put there by Apollonius. But when Jonathan was preparing to But when Jonathan was preparing to But when Jonathan was preparing to besiege them, they were afraid he would besiege them, they were afraid he would besiege them, they were afraid he would take them by force, and so they opened take them by force, and so they opened take them by force, and so they opened the gates to him. the gates to him. the gates to him. But Apollonius, when he heard that Joppa But Apollonius, when he heard that Joppa But Apollonius, when he heard that Joppa was taken by Jonathan, took 3,000 was taken by Jonathan, took 3,000 was taken by Jonathan, took 3,000 horsemen and 8,000 footmen, and came to horsemen and 8,000 footmen, and came to horsemen and 8,000 footmen, and came to Ashdod, and removing thence, he made his Ashdod, and removing thence, he made his Ashdod, and removing thence, he made his journey silently and slowly, and going journey silently and slowly, and going journey silently and slowly, and going up to Joppa, he made as if he was up to Joppa, he made as if he was up to Joppa, he made as if he was retiring from the place, and so drew retiring from the place, and so drew retiring from the place, and so drew Jonathan into the plain, as valuing Jonathan into the plain, as valuing Jonathan into the plain, as valuing himself highly upon his horsemen, and himself highly upon his horsemen, and himself highly upon his horsemen, and having his hopes of victory principally having his hopes of victory principally having his hopes of victory principally in them. However, Jonathan sallied out in them. However, Jonathan sallied out in them. However, Jonathan sallied out and pursued Apollonius to Ashdod, but as and pursued Apollonius to Ashdod, but as and pursued Apollonius to Ashdod, but as soon as Apollonius perceived that his soon as Apollonius perceived that his soon as Apollonius perceived that his enemy was in the plain, he he back and enemy was in the plain, he he back and enemy was in the plain, he he back and gave him battle. But, Apollonius had gave him battle. But, Apollonius had gave him battle. But, Apollonius had laid a thousand horsemen in ambush in a laid a thousand horsemen in ambush in a laid a thousand horsemen in ambush in a valley that they might be seen by their valley that they might be seen by their valley that they might be seen by their enemies as behind them, which when enemies as behind them, which when enemies as behind them, which when Jonathan perceived, he was under no Jonathan perceived, he was under no Jonathan perceived, he was under no consternation, but ordering his army to

consternation, but ordering his army to consternation, but ordering his army to stand in a square battle array, he gave stand in a square battle array, he gave stand in a square battle array, he gave them a charge to fall on the enemy on them a charge to fall on the enemy on them a charge to fall on the enemy on both sides, and set them to face those both sides, and set them to face those both sides, and set them to face those that attacked them both before and that attacked them both before and that attacked them both before and behind. And while the fight lasted till behind. And while the fight lasted till behind. And while the fight lasted till the evening, he gave part of his forces the evening, he gave part of his forces the evening, he gave part of his forces to his brother Simon, and ordered him to to his brother Simon, and ordered him to to his brother Simon, and ordered him to attack the enemies. But, for himself, he attack the enemies. But, for himself, he attack the enemies. But, for himself, he charged those that were with him to charged those that were with him to charged those that were with him to cover themselves with armor, and receive cover themselves with armor, and receive cover themselves with armor, and receive the darts of the horsemen, who did as the darts of the horsemen, who did as the darts of the horsemen, who did as they were commanded. So that the they were commanded. So that the they were commanded. So that the enemies' horsemen, while they threw enemies' horsemen, while they threw enemies' horsemen, while they threw their darts till they had no more left, their darts till they had no more left, their darts till they had no more left, did them no harm. For the darts that did them no harm. For the darts that did them no harm. For the darts that were thrown did not enter into their were thrown did not enter into their were thrown did not enter into their bodies, being thrown upon the shields bodies, being thrown upon the shields bodies, being thrown upon the shields that were united and conjoined together. that were united and conjoined together. that were united and conjoined together. The closeness of which easily overcame The closeness of which easily overcame The closeness of which easily overcame the force of the darts, and they flew the force of the darts, and they flew the force of the darts, and they flew about without any effect. But, when the about without any effect. But, when the about without any effect. But, when the enemy grew remiss in throwing their enemy grew remiss in throwing their enemy grew remiss in throwing their darts from morning till late at night, darts from morning till late at night, darts from morning till late at night, Simon perceived their weariness and fell Simon perceived their weariness and fell Simon perceived their weariness and fell upon the body of men before him, and upon the body of men before him, and upon the body of men before him, and because his soldiers showed great because his soldiers showed great because his soldiers showed great alacrity, he put the enemy to flight.

alacrity, he put the enemy to flight. alacrity, he put the enemy to flight. And when the horsemen saw that the And when the horsemen saw that the And when the horsemen saw that the footmen ran away, neither did they stay footmen ran away, neither did they stay footmen ran away, neither did they stay themselves, but they being very weary by themselves, but they being very weary by themselves, but they being very weary by the duration of the fight till the the duration of the fight till the the duration of the fight till the evening, and their hope from the footmen evening, and their hope from the footmen evening, and their hope from the footmen being quite gone, they basically ran being quite gone, they basically ran being quite gone, they basically ran away and in great confusion also, till away and in great confusion also, till away and in great confusion also, till they were separated one from another and they were separated one from another and they were separated one from another and scattered over all the plain. scattered over all the plain. scattered over all the plain. Upon which Jonathan pursued them as far Upon which Jonathan pursued them as far Upon which Jonathan pursued them as far as Ashdod, and slew a great many of as Ashdod, and slew a great many of as Ashdod, and slew a great many of them, and compelled the rest, in despair them, and compelled the rest, in despair them, and compelled the rest, in despair of escaping, to fly to the temple of of escaping, to fly to the temple of of escaping, to fly to the temple of Dagon, which was at Ashdod. But, Dagon, which was at Ashdod. But, Dagon, which was at Ashdod. But, Jonathan took the city on the first Jonathan took the city on the first Jonathan took the city on the first onset and burnt it and the villages onset and burnt it and the villages onset and burnt it and the villages about it. Nor did he abstain from the about it. Nor did he abstain from the about it. Nor did he abstain from the temple of Dagon itself, but burnt it temple of Dagon itself, but burnt it temple of Dagon itself, but burnt it also and destroyed those that had fled also and destroyed those that had fled also and destroyed those that had fled to it. to it. to it. Now, the entire multitude of the enemies Now, the entire multitude of the enemies Now, the entire multitude of the enemies that fell in the battle and were that fell in the battle and were that fell in the battle and were consumed in the temple were 8,000. consumed in the temple were 8,000. consumed in the temple were 8,000. When Jonathan therefore had overcome so When Jonathan therefore had overcome so When Jonathan therefore had overcome so great an army, he removed from Ashdod great an army, he removed from Ashdod great an army, he removed from Ashdod and came to Ashkelon. And when he had and came to Ashkelon. And when he had and came to Ashkelon. And when he had pitched his camp without the city, the pitched his camp without the city, the pitched his camp without the city, the people of Ashkelon came out and met him people of Ashkelon came out and met him people of Ashkelon came out and met him bringing him hospitable presents and bringing him hospitable presents and bringing him hospitable presents and honoring him. So, he accepted of their honoring him. So, he accepted of their honoring him. So, he accepted of their kind intentions and returned thence to kind intentions and returned thence to kind intentions and returned thence to Jerusalem with a great deal of prey, Jerusalem with a great deal of prey, Jerusalem with a great deal of prey, which he brought thence when he which he brought thence when he which he brought thence when he conquered his enemies.

conquered his enemies. conquered his enemies. But when Alexander heard that But when Alexander heard that But when Alexander heard that Apollonius, the general of his army, was Apollonius, the general of his army, was Apollonius, the general of his army, was beaten, he pretended to be glad of it beaten, he pretended to be glad of it beaten, he pretended to be glad of it because he had fought with Jonathan, his because he had fought with Jonathan, his because he had fought with Jonathan, his friend and ally, against his directions. friend and ally, against his directions. friend and ally, against his directions. Accordingly, he sent to Jonathan and Accordingly, he sent to Jonathan and Accordingly, he sent to Jonathan and gave testimony to his worth and gave him gave testimony to his worth and gave him gave testimony to his worth and gave him honorary rewards as a golden button, honorary rewards as a golden button, honorary rewards as a golden button, which it is the custom to give the which it is the custom to give the which it is the custom to give the king's kinsmen, and allowed him Ekron king's kinsmen, and allowed him Ekron king's kinsmen, and allowed him Ekron and its toparchy for his own and its toparchy for his own and its toparchy for his own inheritance. inheritance. inheritance. About this time it was that King About this time it was that King About this time it was that King Ptolemy, who was called Philometor, led Ptolemy, who was called Philometor, led Ptolemy, who was called Philometor, led an army part by the sea and part by land an army part by the sea and part by land an army part by the sea and part by land and came to Syria to the assistance of and came to Syria to the assistance of and came to Syria to the assistance of Alexander, who was his son-in-law. Alexander, who was his son-in-law. Alexander, who was his son-in-law. And accordingly, all the cities received And accordingly, all the cities received And accordingly, all the cities received him willingly as Alexander had commanded him willingly as Alexander had commanded him willingly as Alexander had commanded them to do and conducted him as far as them to do and conducted him as far as them to do and conducted him as far as Ashdod, where they all made loud Ashdod, where they all made loud Ashdod, where they all made loud complaints about the temple of Dagon, complaints about the temple of Dagon, complaints about the temple of Dagon, which was burnt, and accused Jonathan of which was burnt, and accused Jonathan of which was burnt, and accused Jonathan of having laid it waste and destroyed the having laid it waste and destroyed the having laid it waste and destroyed the country adjoining with fire and slain a country adjoining with fire and slain a country adjoining with fire and slain a great number of them.

great number of them. great number of them. Ptolemy heard these accusations, but Ptolemy heard these accusations, but Ptolemy heard these accusations, but said nothing. Jonathan also went to meet said nothing. Jonathan also went to meet said nothing. Jonathan also went to meet Ptolemy as far as Joppa and obtained Ptolemy as far as Joppa and obtained Ptolemy as far as Joppa and obtained from him hospitable presents and those from him hospitable presents and those from him hospitable presents and those glorious in their kinds, with all the glorious in their kinds, with all the glorious in their kinds, with all the marks of honor. And when he had marks of honor. And when he had marks of honor. And when he had conducted him as far as the river called conducted him as far as the river called conducted him as far as the river called Eleutherus, he returned again to Eleutherus, he returned again to Eleutherus, he returned again to Jerusalem. Jerusalem. Jerusalem. But as Ptolemy was at Ptolemais, he was But as Ptolemy was at Ptolemais, he was But as Ptolemy was at Ptolemais, he was very near to a most unexpected very near to a most unexpected very near to a most unexpected destruction. For a treacherous design destruction. For a treacherous design destruction. For a treacherous design was laid for his life by Alexander, by was laid for his life by Alexander, by was laid for his life by Alexander, by the means of Ammonius, who was his the means of Ammonius, who was his the means of Ammonius, who was his friend. And as the treachery was very friend. And as the treachery was very friend. And as the treachery was very plain, Ptolemy wrote to Alexander, and plain, Ptolemy wrote to Alexander, and plain, Ptolemy wrote to Alexander, and required of him that he should bring required of him that he should bring required of him that he should bring Ammonius to condign punishment, Ammonius to condign punishment, Ammonius to condign punishment, informing him what snares had been laid informing him what snares had been laid informing him what snares had been laid for him by Ammonius, and desiring that for him by Ammonius, and desiring that for him by Ammonius, and desiring that he might be accordingly punished for it. he might be accordingly punished for it. he might be accordingly punished for it. But when Alexander did not comply with But when Alexander did not comply with But when Alexander did not comply with his demands, he perceived that it was he his demands, he perceived that it was he his demands, he perceived that it was he himself who laid the design, and was himself who laid the design, and was himself who laid the design, and was very angry at him. very angry at him. very angry at him. Alexander had also formerly been on ill Alexander had also formerly been on ill Alexander had also formerly been on ill terms with the people of Antioch, for terms with the people of Antioch, for terms with the people of Antioch, for they had suffered very much by his they had suffered very much by his they had suffered very much by his means. Yet did Ammonius at length means. Yet did Ammonius at length means. Yet did Ammonius at length undergo the punishment his insolent undergo the punishment his insolent undergo the punishment his insolent crimes had deserved, for he was killed crimes had deserved, for he was killed crimes had deserved, for he was killed in an approbious manner, like a woman, in an approbious manner, like a woman, in an approbious manner, like a woman, while he endeavored to conceal himself while he endeavored to conceal himself while he endeavored to conceal himself in a feminine habit, as we have in a feminine habit, as we have in a feminine habit, as we have elsewhere related.

elsewhere related. elsewhere related. Hereupon Ptolemy blamed himself for Hereupon Ptolemy blamed himself for Hereupon Ptolemy blamed himself for having given his daughter in marriage to having given his daughter in marriage to having given his daughter in marriage to Alexander, and for the league he had Alexander, and for the league he had Alexander, and for the league he had made with him to assist him against made with him to assist him against made with him to assist him against Demetrius. So he dissolved his relation Demetrius. So he dissolved his relation Demetrius. So he dissolved his relation to him, and took his daughter away from to him, and took his daughter away from to him, and took his daughter away from him, and immediately sent to Demetrius, him, and immediately sent to Demetrius, him, and immediately sent to Demetrius, and offered to make a league of mutual and offered to make a league of mutual and offered to make a league of mutual assistance and friendship with him, and assistance and friendship with him, and assistance and friendship with him, and agreed with him to give him his daughter agreed with him to give him his daughter agreed with him to give him his daughter in marriage, and to restore him to the in marriage, and to restore him to the in marriage, and to restore him to the principality of his father's. principality of his father's. principality of his father's. Demetrius was well pleased with this Demetrius was well pleased with this Demetrius was well pleased with this ambassage, and accepted of his ambassage, and accepted of his ambassage, and accepted of his assistance, and of the marriage of his assistance, and of the marriage of his assistance, and of the marriage of his daughter. But Ptolemy had still one more daughter. But Ptolemy had still one more daughter. But Ptolemy had still one more hard task to do, and that was to hard task to do, and that was to hard task to do, and that was to persuade the people of Antioch to persuade the people of Antioch to persuade the people of Antioch to receive Demetrius, because they were receive Demetrius, because they were receive Demetrius, because they were greatly displeased with him on account greatly displeased with him on account greatly displeased with him on account of the injuries his father Demetrius had of the injuries his father Demetrius had of the injuries his father Demetrius had done them. done them. done them. Yet did he bring this about, for as the Yet did he bring this about, for as the Yet did he bring this about, for as the people of Antioch hated Alexander on people of Antioch hated Alexander on people of Antioch hated Alexander on Ammonius's account, as we have shown Ammonius's account, as we have shown Ammonius's account, as we have shown already, they were easily prevailed with already, they were easily prevailed with already, they were easily prevailed with to cast him out of Antioch. Who, thus to cast him out of Antioch. Who, thus to cast him out of Antioch. Who, thus expelled out of Antioch, came into expelled out of Antioch, came into expelled out of Antioch, came into Cilicia.

Cilicia. Cilicia. Ptolemy came then to Antioch and was Ptolemy came then to Antioch and was Ptolemy came then to Antioch and was made king by its inhabitants and by the made king by its inhabitants and by the made king by its inhabitants and by the army, so that he was forced to put on army, so that he was forced to put on army, so that he was forced to put on two diadems, the one of Asia, the other two diadems, the one of Asia, the other two diadems, the one of Asia, the other of Egypt. But being naturally a good and of Egypt. But being naturally a good and of Egypt. But being naturally a good and righteous man and not desirous of what righteous man and not desirous of what righteous man and not desirous of what belonged to others, and besides these belonged to others, and besides these belonged to others, and besides these dispositions, being a wise man in dispositions, being a wise man in dispositions, being a wise man in reasoning about futurities, he reasoning about futurities, he reasoning about futurities, he determined to avoid the envy of the determined to avoid the envy of the determined to avoid the envy of the Romans. So, he called the people of Romans. So, he called the people of Romans. So, he called the people of Antioch together to an assembly and Antioch together to an assembly and Antioch together to an assembly and persuaded them to receive Demetrius and persuaded them to receive Demetrius and persuaded them to receive Demetrius and assured them that he would not be assured them that he would not be assured them that he would not be mindful of what they did to his father mindful of what they did to his father mindful of what they did to his father in case he should be now obliged by in case he should be now obliged by in case he should be now obliged by them. And he undertook that he would them. And he undertook that he would them. And he undertook that he would himself be a good monitor and governor himself be a good monitor and governor himself be a good monitor and governor to him. And promised that he would not to him. And promised that he would not to him. And promised that he would not permit him to attempt any bad actions, permit him to attempt any bad actions, permit him to attempt any bad actions, but that, for his own part, he was but that, for his own part, he was but that, for his own part, he was contented with the kingdom of Egypt. By contented with the kingdom of Egypt. By contented with the kingdom of Egypt. By this discourse, he persuaded the people this discourse, he persuaded the people this discourse, he persuaded the people of Antioch to receive Demetrius. of Antioch to receive Demetrius. of Antioch to receive Demetrius. But now Alexander made haste with a But now Alexander made haste with a But now Alexander made haste with a numerous and great army and came out of numerous and great army and came out of numerous and great army and came out of Cilicia into Syria and burnt the country Cilicia into Syria and burnt the country Cilicia into Syria and burnt the country belonging to Antioch and pillaged it.

belonging to Antioch and pillaged it. belonging to Antioch and pillaged it. Whereupon Ptolemy and his son-in-law Whereupon Ptolemy and his son-in-law Whereupon Ptolemy and his son-in-law Demetrius brought their army against Demetrius brought their army against Demetrius brought their army against him, for he had already given him his him, for he had already given him his him, for he had already given him his daughter in marriage, and beat Alexander daughter in marriage, and beat Alexander daughter in marriage, and beat Alexander and put him to flight. And accordingly, and put him to flight. And accordingly, and put him to flight. And accordingly, he fled into Arabia. he fled into Arabia. he fled into Arabia. Now, it happened in the time of the Now, it happened in the time of the Now, it happened in the time of the battle that Ptolemy's horse, upon battle that Ptolemy's horse, upon battle that Ptolemy's horse, upon hearing the noise of an elephant, cast hearing the noise of an elephant, cast hearing the noise of an elephant, cast him off his back and threw him on the him off his back and threw him on the him off his back and threw him on the ground. Upon the sight of which accident ground. Upon the sight of which accident ground. Upon the sight of which accident his enemies fell upon him and gave him his enemies fell upon him and gave him his enemies fell upon him and gave him many wounds upon his head and brought many wounds upon his head and brought many wounds upon his head and brought him into danger of death. For when his him into danger of death. For when his him into danger of death. For when his guards caught him up, he was so very ill guards caught him up, he was so very ill guards caught him up, he was so very ill that for four days time he was not able that for four days time he was not able that for four days time he was not able either to understand or to speak. either to understand or to speak. either to understand or to speak. However, Zabdiel, a prince among the However, Zabdiel, a prince among the However, Zabdiel, a prince among the Arabians, cut off Alexander's head and Arabians, cut off Alexander's head and Arabians, cut off Alexander's head and sent it to Ptolemy who by recovering of sent it to Ptolemy who by recovering of sent it to Ptolemy who by recovering of his wounds and returning to his his wounds and returning to his his wounds and returning to his understanding on the fifth day heard at understanding on the fifth day heard at understanding on the fifth day heard at once a most agreeable hearing and saw a once a most agreeable hearing and saw a once a most agreeable hearing and saw a most agreeable sight, which were the most agreeable sight, which were the most agreeable sight, which were the death and the head of Alexander. Yet a death and the head of Alexander. Yet a death and the head of Alexander. Yet a little after this his joy for the death little after this his joy for the death little after this his joy for the death of Alexander, with which he was so of Alexander, with which he was so of Alexander, with which he was so greatly satisfied, he also departed this greatly satisfied, he also departed this greatly satisfied, he also departed this life. Now Alexander, who was called life. Now Alexander, who was called life. Now Alexander, who was called Balas, reigned over Asia five years as Balas, reigned over Asia five years as Balas, reigned over Asia five years as we have elsewhere related. But when we have elsewhere related. But when we have elsewhere related. But when Demetrius, who was styled Nicator, had Demetrius, who was styled Nicator, had Demetrius, who was styled Nicator, had taken the kingdom, he was so wicked as taken the kingdom, he was so wicked as taken the kingdom, he was so wicked as to treat Ptolemy's soldiers very hardly to treat Ptolemy's soldiers very hardly to treat Ptolemy's soldiers very hardly and neither remembering the league of and neither remembering the league of and neither remembering the league of mutual assistance that was between them

mutual assistance that was between them mutual assistance that was between them nor that he was his son-in-law and nor that he was his son-in-law and nor that he was his son-in-law and kinsman by Cleopatra's marriage to him. kinsman by Cleopatra's marriage to him. kinsman by Cleopatra's marriage to him. So his soldiers fled from his wicked So his soldiers fled from his wicked So his soldiers fled from his wicked treatment to Alexandria, but Demetrius treatment to Alexandria, but Demetrius treatment to Alexandria, but Demetrius kept his elephants. kept his elephants. kept his elephants. But Jonathan the high priest levied an But Jonathan the high priest levied an But Jonathan the high priest levied an army out of all Judea and attacked the army out of all Judea and attacked the army out of all Judea and attacked the citadel at Jerusalem and besieged it. It citadel at Jerusalem and besieged it. It citadel at Jerusalem and besieged it. It was held by a garrison of Macedonians was held by a garrison of Macedonians was held by a garrison of Macedonians and by some of those wicked men who had and by some of those wicked men who had and by some of those wicked men who had deserted the customs of their deserted the customs of their deserted the customs of their forefathers. forefathers. forefathers. These men at first despised the attempts These men at first despised the attempts These men at first despised the attempts of Jonathan for taking the place as of Jonathan for taking the place as of Jonathan for taking the place as depending on its strength, but some of depending on its strength, but some of depending on its strength, but some of those wicked men went out by night and those wicked men went out by night and those wicked men went out by night and came to Demetrius and informed him that came to Demetrius and informed him that came to Demetrius and informed him that the citadel was besieged, who was the citadel was besieged, who was the citadel was besieged, who was irritated with what he heard and took irritated with what he heard and took irritated with what he heard and took his army and came from Antioch against his army and came from Antioch against his army and came from Antioch against Jonathan. And when he was at Antioch, he Jonathan. And when he was at Antioch, he Jonathan. And when he was at Antioch, he wrote to him and commanded him to come wrote to him and commanded him to come wrote to him and commanded him to come to him quickly to Ptolemais. to him quickly to Ptolemais. to him quickly to Ptolemais. Upon which, Jonathan did not intermit Upon which, Jonathan did not intermit Upon which, Jonathan did not intermit the siege of the citadel, but took with the siege of the citadel, but took with the siege of the citadel, but took with him the elders of the people and the him the elders of the people and the him the elders of the people and the priests and carried with him gold and priests and carried with him gold and priests and carried with him gold and silver and garments and a great number silver and garments and a great number silver and garments and a great number of presents of friendship and came to of presents of friendship and came to of presents of friendship and came to Demetrius and presented him with them Demetrius and presented him with them Demetrius and presented him with them and thereby pacified the king's anger.

and thereby pacified the king's anger. and thereby pacified the king's anger. So, he was honored by him and received So, he was honored by him and received So, he was honored by him and received from him the confirmation of his high from him the confirmation of his high from him the confirmation of his high priesthood as he had possessed it by the priesthood as he had possessed it by the priesthood as he had possessed it by the grants of the kings his predecessors. grants of the kings his predecessors. grants of the kings his predecessors. And when the Jewish deserters accused And when the Jewish deserters accused And when the Jewish deserters accused him, Demetrius was so far from giving him, Demetrius was so far from giving him, Demetrius was so far from giving credit to them that when he petitioned credit to them that when he petitioned credit to them that when he petitioned him that he would demand no more than him that he would demand no more than him that he would demand no more than 300 talents for the tribute of all Judea 300 talents for the tribute of all Judea 300 talents for the tribute of all Judea and the three toparchies of Samaria and and the three toparchies of Samaria and and the three toparchies of Samaria and Perea and Galilee, he complied with the Perea and Galilee, he complied with the Perea and Galilee, he complied with the proposal and gave him a letter proposal and gave him a letter proposal and gave him a letter confirming all those grants, whose confirming all those grants, whose confirming all those grants, whose contents were as follows: contents were as follows: contents were as follows: King Demetrius to Jonathan his brother King Demetrius to Jonathan his brother King Demetrius to Jonathan his brother and to the nation of the Jews sendeth and to the nation of the Jews sendeth and to the nation of the Jews sendeth greeting. greeting. greeting. We have sent you a copy of that epistle We have sent you a copy of that epistle We have sent you a copy of that epistle which we have written to Lasthenes our which we have written to Lasthenes our which we have written to Lasthenes our kinsman that you may know its contents. kinsman that you may know its contents. kinsman that you may know its contents. King Demetrius to Lasthenes our father King Demetrius to Lasthenes our father King Demetrius to Lasthenes our father sendeth greeting. I have determined to sendeth greeting. I have determined to sendeth greeting. I have determined to return thanks and to show favor to the return thanks and to show favor to the return thanks and to show favor to the nation of the Jews which hath observed nation of the Jews which hath observed nation of the Jews which hath observed the rules of justice in our concerns.

the rules of justice in our concerns. the rules of justice in our concerns. Accordingly, I remit to them the three Accordingly, I remit to them the three Accordingly, I remit to them the three prefectures Apherema and Lydda and prefectures Apherema and Lydda and prefectures Apherema and Lydda and Ramatha which have been added to Judea Ramatha which have been added to Judea Ramatha which have been added to Judea out of Samaria with their appurtenances. out of Samaria with their appurtenances. out of Samaria with their appurtenances. As also what the kings my predecessors As also what the kings my predecessors As also what the kings my predecessors received from those that offered received from those that offered received from those that offered sacrifices in Jerusalem and that are due sacrifices in Jerusalem and that are due sacrifices in Jerusalem and that are due from the fruits of the earth and of the from the fruits of the earth and of the from the fruits of the earth and of the trees and what else belongs to us with trees and what else belongs to us with trees and what else belongs to us with the salt pits and the crowns that used the salt pits and the crowns that used the salt pits and the crowns that used to be presented to us. Nor shall they be to be presented to us. Nor shall they be to be presented to us. Nor shall they be compelled to pay any of those taxes from compelled to pay any of those taxes from compelled to pay any of those taxes from this time to all futurity. this time to all futurity. this time to all futurity. Take care therefore that a copy of this Take care therefore that a copy of this Take care therefore that a copy of this epistle be taken and given to Jonathan, epistle be taken and given to Jonathan, epistle be taken and given to Jonathan, and be set up in an eminent place of and be set up in an eminent place of and be set up in an eminent place of their holy temple. their holy temple. their holy temple. And these were the contents of this And these were the contents of this And these were the contents of this writing. And now when Demetrius saw that writing. And now when Demetrius saw that writing. And now when Demetrius saw that there was peace everywhere, and that there was peace everywhere, and that there was peace everywhere, and that there was no danger nor fear of war, he there was no danger nor fear of war, he there was no danger nor fear of war, he disbanded the greatest part of his army disbanded the greatest part of his army disbanded the greatest part of his army and dismissed their pay. And even and dismissed their pay. And even and dismissed their pay. And even retained in pay no others than such retained in pay no others than such retained in pay no others than such foreigners as came up with him from foreigners as came up with him from foreigners as came up with him from Crete and from other islands. However, Crete and from other islands. However, Crete and from other islands. However, this procured him ill will and hatred this procured him ill will and hatred this procured him ill will and hatred from the soldiers, on whom he bestowed from the soldiers, on whom he bestowed from the soldiers, on whom he bestowed nothing from this time, while the kings nothing from this time, while the kings nothing from this time, while the kings before him used to pay them in time of before him used to pay them in time of before him used to pay them in time of peace as they did before, that they peace as they did before, that they peace as they did before, that they might have their goodwill, and that they might have their goodwill, and that they might have their goodwill, and that they might be very ready to undergo the might be very ready to undergo the might be very ready to undergo the difficulties of war, if any occasion difficulties of war, if any occasion difficulties of war, if any occasion should require it.

Book 13, Chapters 5 and 6 of The Book 13, Chapters 5 and 6 of The Antiquities of the Jews, Volume 3. Antiquities of the Jews, Volume 3. Antiquities of the Jews, Volume 3. This is a LibriVox recording. All This is a LibriVox recording. All This is a LibriVox recording. All LibriVox recordings are in the public LibriVox recordings are in the public LibriVox recordings are in the public domain. domain. domain. For more information or to volunteer, For more information or to volunteer, For more information or to volunteer, please visit librivox.org. Recording by Anne Boulay. Recording by Anne Boulay. The Antiquities of the Jews, Volume 3, The Antiquities of the Jews, Volume 3, The Antiquities of the Jews, Volume 3, by Flavius Josephus, by Flavius Josephus, by Flavius Josephus, translated by William Whiston. translated by William Whiston. translated by William Whiston. Book 13, Chapters 5 and 6. Book 13, Chapters 5 and 6. Book 13, Chapters 5 and 6. Chapter 5. How Trypho, after he had Chapter 5. How Trypho, after he had Chapter 5. How Trypho, after he had beaten Demetrius, delivered the kingdom beaten Demetrius, delivered the kingdom beaten Demetrius, delivered the kingdom to Antiochus, the son of Alexander, and to Antiochus, the son of Alexander, and to Antiochus, the son of Alexander, and gained Jonathan for his assistant. And gained Jonathan for his assistant. And gained Jonathan for his assistant. And concerning the actions and embassies of concerning the actions and embassies of concerning the actions and embassies of Jonathan. Jonathan. Jonathan. Now, there was a certain commander of Now, there was a certain commander of Now, there was a certain commander of Alexander's forces, an Apamean by birth, Alexander's forces, an Apamean by birth, Alexander's forces, an Apamean by birth, whose name was Diodotus, and was also whose name was Diodotus, and was also whose name was Diodotus, and was also called Trypho, took notice the ill will called Trypho, took notice the ill will called Trypho, took notice the ill will of the soldiers bear to Demetrius, and of the soldiers bear to Demetrius, and of the soldiers bear to Demetrius, and went to Malchus the Arabian, who brought went to Malchus the Arabian, who brought went to Malchus the Arabian, who brought up Antiochus, the son of Alexander, and up Antiochus, the son of Alexander, and up Antiochus, the son of Alexander, and told him what ill will the army bear told him what ill will the army bear told him what ill will the army bear Demetrius, and persuaded him to give him Demetrius, and persuaded him to give him Demetrius, and persuaded him to give him Antiochus, because he would make him Antiochus, because he would make him Antiochus, because he would make him king and recover to him the kingdom of king and recover to him the kingdom of king and recover to him the kingdom of his father.

his father. his father. Malchus at first opposed him in this Malchus at first opposed him in this Malchus at first opposed him in this attempt, because he could not believe attempt, because he could not believe attempt, because he could not believe him. But when Trypho laid hard at him him. But when Trypho laid hard at him him. But when Trypho laid hard at him for a long time, he over persuaded him for a long time, he over persuaded him for a long time, he over persuaded him to comply with Trypho's intentions and to comply with Trypho's intentions and to comply with Trypho's intentions and entreaties. And this was the state entreaties. And this was the state entreaties. And this was the state Trypho was now in. Trypho was now in. Trypho was now in. But Jonathan the high priest, being But Jonathan the high priest, being But Jonathan the high priest, being desirous to get clear of those that were desirous to get clear of those that were desirous to get clear of those that were in the citadel of Jerusalem, and of the in the citadel of Jerusalem, and of the in the citadel of Jerusalem, and of the Jewish deserters and wicked men, as well Jewish deserters and wicked men, as well Jewish deserters and wicked men, as well as of those in all the garrisons in the as of those in all the garrisons in the as of those in all the garrisons in the country, sent presents and ambassadors country, sent presents and ambassadors country, sent presents and ambassadors to Demetrius, and entreated him to take to Demetrius, and entreated him to take to Demetrius, and entreated him to take away his soldiers out of the strongholds away his soldiers out of the strongholds away his soldiers out of the strongholds of Judea. of Judea. of Judea. Demetrius made answer that after the Demetrius made answer that after the Demetrius made answer that after the war, which he was now deeply engaged in, war, which he was now deeply engaged in, war, which he was now deeply engaged in, was over, he would not only grant him was over, he would not only grant him was over, he would not only grant him that, but greater things than that also. that, but greater things than that also. that, but greater things than that also. And he desired that he would send him And he desired that he would send him And he desired that he would send him some assistance, and informed him that some assistance, and informed him that some assistance, and informed him that his army had deserted him. his army had deserted him. his army had deserted him. So, Jonathan chose out 3,000 of his So, Jonathan chose out 3,000 of his So, Jonathan chose out 3,000 of his soldiers and sent them to Demetrius.

soldiers and sent them to Demetrius. soldiers and sent them to Demetrius. Now, the people of Antioch hated Now, the people of Antioch hated Now, the people of Antioch hated Demetrius, both on account of what Demetrius, both on account of what Demetrius, both on account of what mischief he had done himself them, and mischief he had done himself them, and mischief he had done himself them, and because they were enemies also on because they were enemies also on because they were enemies also on account of his father Demetrius, who had account of his father Demetrius, who had account of his father Demetrius, who had greatly abused them. greatly abused them. greatly abused them. So, they watched some opportunity which So, they watched some opportunity which So, they watched some opportunity which they might lay hold on to fall upon him. they might lay hold on to fall upon him. they might lay hold on to fall upon him. And when they were informed of the And when they were informed of the And when they were informed of the assistance that was coming to Demetrius assistance that was coming to Demetrius assistance that was coming to Demetrius from Jonathan, and considered at the from Jonathan, and considered at the from Jonathan, and considered at the same time that he would raise a numerous same time that he would raise a numerous same time that he would raise a numerous army unless they prevented him and army unless they prevented him and army unless they prevented him and seized upon him, they took their weapons seized upon him, they took their weapons seized upon him, they took their weapons immediately and encompassed his palace immediately and encompassed his palace immediately and encompassed his palace in the way of a siege, and seizing upon in the way of a siege, and seizing upon in the way of a siege, and seizing upon all the things of getting out, they all the things of getting out, they all the things of getting out, they sought to subdue their king. sought to subdue their king. sought to subdue their king. And when he saw that the people of And when he saw that the people of And when he saw that the people of Antioch were become his bitterest Antioch were become his bitterest Antioch were become his bitterest enemies and that they thus were in arms, enemies and that they thus were in arms, enemies and that they thus were in arms, he took the mercenary soldiers which he he took the mercenary soldiers which he he took the mercenary soldiers which he had with them and those Jews who were had with them and those Jews who were had with them and those Jews who were sent by Jonathan and assaulted the sent by Jonathan and assaulted the sent by Jonathan and assaulted the Antiochians. But he was overpowered by Antiochians. But he was overpowered by Antiochians. But he was overpowered by them, for they were many 10,000s and was them, for they were many 10,000s and was them, for they were many 10,000s and was beaten.

beaten. beaten. But when the Jews saw that the But when the Jews saw that the But when the Jews saw that the Antiochians were superior, they went up Antiochians were superior, they went up Antiochians were superior, they went up to the top of the palace and shot at to the top of the palace and shot at to the top of the palace and shot at them from thence. And because they were them from thence. And because they were them from thence. And because they were so remote from them by their height that so remote from them by their height that so remote from them by their height that they suffered nothing on their side, but they suffered nothing on their side, but they suffered nothing on their side, but did great execution on the others as did great execution on the others as did great execution on the others as fighting from such an elevation, they fighting from such an elevation, they fighting from such an elevation, they drove them out of the adjoining houses drove them out of the adjoining houses drove them out of the adjoining houses and immediately set them on fire. and immediately set them on fire. and immediately set them on fire. Whereupon the flame spread itself over Whereupon the flame spread itself over Whereupon the flame spread itself over the whole city and burnt it all down. the whole city and burnt it all down. the whole city and burnt it all down. This happened by reason of the closeness This happened by reason of the closeness This happened by reason of the closeness of the houses and because they were of the houses and because they were of the houses and because they were generally built of wood. So the generally built of wood. So the generally built of wood. So the Antiochians, when they were not able to Antiochians, when they were not able to Antiochians, when they were not able to help themselves nor to stop the fire, help themselves nor to stop the fire, help themselves nor to stop the fire, were put to flight. were put to flight. were put to flight. And as the Jews leaped from the top of And as the Jews leaped from the top of And as the Jews leaped from the top of one house to the top of another and one house to the top of another and one house to the top of another and pursued them after that manner, it pursued them after that manner, it pursued them after that manner, it thence happened that the pursuit was so thence happened that the pursuit was so thence happened that the pursuit was so very surprising. very surprising. very surprising. But when the king saw that the But when the king saw that the But when the king saw that the Antiochians were busy in saving their Antiochians were busy in saving their Antiochians were busy in saving their children and their wives and so did not children and their wives and so did not children and their wives and so did not fight any longer, he fell upon them in fight any longer, he fell upon them in fight any longer, he fell upon them in the narrow passages and fought them and the narrow passages and fought them and the narrow passages and fought them and slew a great many of them till at last slew a great many of them till at last slew a great many of them till at last they were forced to throw down their they were forced to throw down their they were forced to throw down their arms and to deliver themselves up to arms and to deliver themselves up to arms and to deliver themselves up to Demetrius.

Demetrius. Demetrius. So he forgave them this their insolent So he forgave them this their insolent So he forgave them this their insolent behavior and put an end to the sedition. behavior and put an end to the sedition. behavior and put an end to the sedition. And when he had given rewards to the And when he had given rewards to the And when he had given rewards to the Jews out of the rich spoils he had Jews out of the rich spoils he had Jews out of the rich spoils he had gotten and had returned them thanks as gotten and had returned them thanks as gotten and had returned them thanks as the cause of his victory, he sent them the cause of his victory, he sent them the cause of his victory, he sent them away to Jerusalem to Jonathan with an away to Jerusalem to Jonathan with an away to Jerusalem to Jonathan with an ample testimony of the assistance they ample testimony of the assistance they ample testimony of the assistance they had afforded him. Yet did he prove an had afforded him. Yet did he prove an had afforded him. Yet did he prove an ill man to Jonathan afterward and broke ill man to Jonathan afterward and broke ill man to Jonathan afterward and broke the promises he had made. And he the promises he had made. And he the promises he had made. And he threatened that he would make war upon threatened that he would make war upon threatened that he would make war upon him unless he would pay all that tribute him unless he would pay all that tribute him unless he would pay all that tribute which the Jewish nation owed to the which the Jewish nation owed to the which the Jewish nation owed to the first kings of Syria. And this he had first kings of Syria. And this he had first kings of Syria. And this he had done if Trypho had not hindered him and done if Trypho had not hindered him and done if Trypho had not hindered him and diverted his preparations against diverted his preparations against diverted his preparations against Jonathan to a concern of his own Jonathan to a concern of his own Jonathan to a concern of his own preservation. For he now returned out of preservation. For he now returned out of preservation. For he now returned out of Arabia into Syria with the child Arabia into Syria with the child Arabia into Syria with the child Antiochus. For he was yet in age but a Antiochus. For he was yet in age but a Antiochus. For he was yet in age but a youth and put the diadem on his head. youth and put the diadem on his head. youth and put the diadem on his head. And as the whole forces that had left And as the whole forces that had left And as the whole forces that had left Demetrius because they had no pay came Demetrius because they had no pay came Demetrius because they had no pay came to his assistance, he made war upon to his assistance, he made war upon to his assistance, he made war upon Demetrius and joining battle with him Demetrius and joining battle with him Demetrius and joining battle with him overcame him in the fight and took from overcame him in the fight and took from overcame him in the fight and took from him both his elephants and the city him both his elephants and the city him both his elephants and the city Antioch.

Antioch. Antioch. Demetrius, upon this defeat, retired Demetrius, upon this defeat, retired Demetrius, upon this defeat, retired into Cilicia. But the child Antiochus into Cilicia. But the child Antiochus into Cilicia. But the child Antiochus sent ambassadors and an epistle to sent ambassadors and an epistle to sent ambassadors and an epistle to Jonathan and made him his friend and Jonathan and made him his friend and Jonathan and made him his friend and confederate and confirmed to him the confederate and confirmed to him the confederate and confirmed to him the high priesthood and yielded up to him high priesthood and yielded up to him high priesthood and yielded up to him the four prefectures which had been the four prefectures which had been the four prefectures which had been added to Judea. added to Judea. added to Judea. Moreover, he sent him vessels and cups Moreover, he sent him vessels and cups Moreover, he sent him vessels and cups of gold and a purple garment and gave of gold and a purple garment and gave of gold and a purple garment and gave him leave to use them. He also presented him leave to use them. He also presented him leave to use them. He also presented him with a golden button and styled him him with a golden button and styled him him with a golden button and styled him one of his principal friends and one of his principal friends and one of his principal friends and appointed his brother Simon to be the appointed his brother Simon to be the appointed his brother Simon to be the general over the forces from the ladder general over the forces from the ladder general over the forces from the ladder of Tyre unto Egypt. So, Jonathan was so of Tyre unto Egypt. So, Jonathan was so of Tyre unto Egypt. So, Jonathan was so pleased with these grants made him by pleased with these grants made him by pleased with these grants made him by Antiochus that he sent ambassadors to Antiochus that he sent ambassadors to Antiochus that he sent ambassadors to him and to Trypho and professed himself him and to Trypho and professed himself him and to Trypho and professed himself to be their friend and confederate and to be their friend and confederate and to be their friend and confederate and said he would join with him in a war said he would join with him in a war said he would join with him in a war against Demetrius, informing him that he against Demetrius, informing him that he against Demetrius, informing him that he had made no proper returns for the had made no proper returns for the had made no proper returns for the kindness he had done him. For that when kindness he had done him. For that when kindness he had done him. For that when he had received many marks of kindness he had received many marks of kindness he had received many marks of kindness from him, when he stood in great need of from him, when he stood in great need of from him, when he stood in great need of them, he, for such good turns, had them, he, for such good turns, had them, he, for such good turns, had requited him with further injuries.

requited him with further injuries. requited him with further injuries. So, Antiochus gave Jonathan leave to So, Antiochus gave Jonathan leave to So, Antiochus gave Jonathan leave to raise himself a numerous army out of raise himself a numerous army out of raise himself a numerous army out of Syria and Phoenicia, and to make war Syria and Phoenicia, and to make war Syria and Phoenicia, and to make war against Demetrius' generals. against Demetrius' generals. against Demetrius' generals. Whereupon he went in haste to several Whereupon he went in haste to several Whereupon he went in haste to several cities which received him splendidly cities which received him splendidly cities which received him splendidly indeed, but put no forces into his indeed, but put no forces into his indeed, but put no forces into his hands. hands. hands. And when he was come from thence to And when he was come from thence to And when he was come from thence to Askelon, the inhabitants of Askelon came Askelon, the inhabitants of Askelon came Askelon, the inhabitants of Askelon came and brought him presents, and met him in and brought him presents, and met him in and brought him presents, and met him in a splendid manner. a splendid manner. a splendid manner. He exhorted them, and every one of the He exhorted them, and every one of the He exhorted them, and every one of the cities of Cele-Syria, to forsake cities of Cele-Syria, to forsake cities of Cele-Syria, to forsake Demetrius, and to join with Antiochus. Demetrius, and to join with Antiochus. Demetrius, and to join with Antiochus. And in assisting him, to endeavor to And in assisting him, to endeavor to And in assisting him, to endeavor to punish Demetrius for what offenses he punish Demetrius for what offenses he punish Demetrius for what offenses he had been guilty of against themselves, had been guilty of against themselves, had been guilty of against themselves, and told them there were many reasons and told them there were many reasons and told them there were many reasons for that their procedure, if they had a for that their procedure, if they had a for that their procedure, if they had a mind so to do. mind so to do. mind so to do. And when he had persuaded those cities And when he had persuaded those cities And when he had persuaded those cities to promise their assistance to to promise their assistance to to promise their assistance to Antiochus, he came to Gaza, in order to Antiochus, he came to Gaza, in order to Antiochus, he came to Gaza, in order to induce them also to be friends to induce them also to be friends to induce them also to be friends to Antiochus. But he found the inhabitants Antiochus. But he found the inhabitants Antiochus. But he found the inhabitants of Gaza much more alienated from him of Gaza much more alienated from him of Gaza much more alienated from him than he expected. For they had shut than he expected. For they had shut than he expected. For they had shut their gates against him. And although their gates against him. And although their gates against him. And although they had deserted Demetrius, they had they had deserted Demetrius, they had they had deserted Demetrius, they had not resolved to join themselves to not resolved to join themselves to not resolved to join themselves to Antiochus.

Antiochus. Antiochus. This provoked Jonathan to besiege them, This provoked Jonathan to besiege them, This provoked Jonathan to besiege them, and to harass their country. For as he and to harass their country. For as he and to harass their country. For as he set a part of his army round about Gaza set a part of his army round about Gaza set a part of his army round about Gaza itself, so with the rest he overran itself, so with the rest he overran itself, so with the rest he overran their land, and spoiled it, and burnt their land, and spoiled it, and burnt their land, and spoiled it, and burnt what was in it. what was in it. what was in it. When those of Gaza saw themselves in When those of Gaza saw themselves in When those of Gaza saw themselves in this state of affliction, and that no this state of affliction, and that no this state of affliction, and that no assistance came to them from Demetrius, assistance came to them from Demetrius, assistance came to them from Demetrius, that what distressed them was at hand, that what distressed them was at hand, that what distressed them was at hand, but what should profit them was still at but what should profit them was still at but what should profit them was still at a great distance, and it was uncertain a great distance, and it was uncertain a great distance, and it was uncertain whether it would come at all or not. whether it would come at all or not. whether it would come at all or not. They thought it would be prudent conduct They thought it would be prudent conduct They thought it would be prudent conduct to leave off any further continuance to leave off any further continuance to leave off any further continuance with them, and to cultivate friendship with them, and to cultivate friendship with them, and to cultivate friendship with the other. So, they sent to with the other. So, they sent to with the other. So, they sent to Jonathan and professed they would be his Jonathan and professed they would be his Jonathan and professed they would be his friends and afford him assistance. For friends and afford him assistance. For friends and afford him assistance. For such is the temper of men that before such is the temper of men that before such is the temper of men that before they have had the trial of great they have had the trial of great they have had the trial of great afflictions, they do not understand what afflictions, they do not understand what afflictions, they do not understand what is for their advantage. is for their advantage. is for their advantage. But, when they find themselves under But, when they find themselves under But, when they find themselves under such afflictions, they then change their such afflictions, they then change their such afflictions, they then change their minds, and what it had been better for minds, and what it had been better for minds, and what it had been better for them to have done before they had been them to have done before they had been them to have done before they had been at all damaged, they chose to do, but at all damaged, they chose to do, but at all damaged, they chose to do, but not till after they have suffered such not till after they have suffered such not till after they have suffered such damages. However, he made a league of damages. However, he made a league of damages. However, he made a league of friendship with them and took from them friendship with them and took from them friendship with them and took from them hostages for their performance of it, hostages for their performance of it, hostages for their performance of it, and sent these hostages to Jerusalem, and sent these hostages to Jerusalem, and sent these hostages to Jerusalem, while he went himself over all the while he went himself over all the while he went himself over all the country as far as Damascus.

country as far as Damascus. country as far as Damascus. And when he had heard that the generals And when he had heard that the generals And when he had heard that the generals of Demetrius' forces were come to the of Demetrius' forces were come to the of Demetrius' forces were come to the city of Kadesh with a numerous army. The city of Kadesh with a numerous army. The city of Kadesh with a numerous army. The place lies between the land of the place lies between the land of the place lies between the land of the Tyrians and Galilee. For they supposed Tyrians and Galilee. For they supposed Tyrians and Galilee. For they supposed they should hereby draw him out of Syria they should hereby draw him out of Syria they should hereby draw him out of Syria in order to preserve Galilee, and that in order to preserve Galilee, and that in order to preserve Galilee, and that he would not overlook the Galileans, who he would not overlook the Galileans, who he would not overlook the Galileans, who were his own people, when war was made were his own people, when war was made were his own people, when war was made upon them. He went to meet them, having upon them. He went to meet them, having upon them. He went to meet them, having left Simon in Judea, who raised as great left Simon in Judea, who raised as great left Simon in Judea, who raised as great an army as he was able out of the an army as he was able out of the an army as he was able out of the country, and then sat down before country, and then sat down before country, and then sat down before Beth-sura and besieged it, that being Beth-sura and besieged it, that being Beth-sura and besieged it, that being the strongest place in Judea. And a the strongest place in Judea. And a the strongest place in Judea. And a garrison of Demetrius' kept it as we garrison of Demetrius' kept it as we garrison of Demetrius' kept it as we have already related. But, as Simon was have already related. But, as Simon was have already related. But, as Simon was raising banks and bringing his engines raising banks and bringing his engines raising banks and bringing his engines of war against Beth-sura, and was very of war against Beth-sura, and was very of war against Beth-sura, and was very earnest about sieging it, the garrison earnest about sieging it, the garrison earnest about sieging it, the garrison was afraid lest the place should be was afraid lest the place should be was afraid lest the place should be taken of Simon by force, and they put to taken of Simon by force, and they put to taken of Simon by force, and they put to the sword. So, they sent to Simon and the sword. So, they sent to Simon and the sword. So, they sent to Simon and desired security of his oath that they desired security of his oath that they desired security of his oath that they should come to no harm from him, and and should come to no harm from him, and and should come to no harm from him, and and that they would leave the place and go that they would leave the place and go that they would leave the place and go away to Demetrius. Accordingly, he gave away to Demetrius. Accordingly, he gave away to Demetrius. Accordingly, he gave them his oath, and ejected them out of them his oath, and ejected them out of them his oath, and ejected them out of the city, and he put therein a garrison the city, and he put therein a garrison the city, and he put therein a garrison of his own.

of his own. of his own. But Jonathan removed out of Galilee, and But Jonathan removed out of Galilee, and But Jonathan removed out of Galilee, and from the waters which are called from the waters which are called from the waters which are called Gennesar, for there he was before Gennesar, for there he was before Gennesar, for there he was before encamped, and came into the plain that encamped, and came into the plain that encamped, and came into the plain that is called Azor, without knowing that the is called Azor, without knowing that the is called Azor, without knowing that the enemy was there. enemy was there. enemy was there. When therefore Demetrius's men knew a When therefore Demetrius's men knew a When therefore Demetrius's men knew a day beforehand that Jonathan was coming day beforehand that Jonathan was coming day beforehand that Jonathan was coming against them, they laid in ambush in the against them, they laid in ambush in the against them, they laid in ambush in the mountain, who were to assault him on the mountain, who were to assault him on the mountain, who were to assault him on the sudden, while they themselves met him sudden, while they themselves met him sudden, while they themselves met him with an army in the plain. Which army, with an army in the plain. Which army, with an army in the plain. Which army, when Jonathan saw ready to engage him, when Jonathan saw ready to engage him, when Jonathan saw ready to engage him, he also got ready his own soldiers for he also got ready his own soldiers for he also got ready his own soldiers for the battle as well as he was able. But the battle as well as he was able. But the battle as well as he was able. But those that were laid in ambush by those that were laid in ambush by those that were laid in ambush by Demetrius's generals being behind them, Demetrius's generals being behind them, Demetrius's generals being behind them, the Jews were afraid lest they should be the Jews were afraid lest they should be the Jews were afraid lest they should be caught in the midst between two bodies caught in the midst between two bodies caught in the midst between two bodies and perish. and perish. and perish. So they ran away in haste, and indeed So they ran away in haste, and indeed So they ran away in haste, and indeed all the rest left Jonathan. But a few all the rest left Jonathan. But a few all the rest left Jonathan. But a few there were, in number about 50, who there were, in number about 50, who there were, in number about 50, who stayed with him, and with them stayed with him, and with them stayed with him, and with them Mattathias, the son of Absalom, and Mattathias, the son of Absalom, and Mattathias, the son of Absalom, and Judas, the son of Caphaseus, who were Judas, the son of Caphaseus, who were Judas, the son of Caphaseus, who were the commanders of the whole army. These the commanders of the whole army. These the commanders of the whole army. These marched boldly and like men desperate marched boldly and like men desperate marched boldly and like men desperate against the enemy, and so pushed them against the enemy, and so pushed them against the enemy, and so pushed them that by their courage they daunted them, that by their courage they daunted them, that by their courage they daunted them, and with their weapons in their hands and with their weapons in their hands and with their weapons in their hands they put them to flight. And when those they put them to flight. And when those they put them to flight. And when those soldiers of Jonathan that had retired soldiers of Jonathan that had retired soldiers of Jonathan that had retired saw the enemy giving way, they got saw the enemy giving way, they got saw the enemy giving way, they got together after their flight and pursued together after their flight and pursued together after their flight and pursued them with great violence. And this they them with great violence. And this they them with great violence. And this they did as far as Kadesh, where the camp of did as far as Kadesh, where the camp of did as far as Kadesh, where the camp of the enemy lay.

the enemy lay. the enemy lay. Jonathan having thus gotten a glorious Jonathan having thus gotten a glorious Jonathan having thus gotten a glorious victory and slain 2,000 of the enemy, victory and slain 2,000 of the enemy, victory and slain 2,000 of the enemy, returned to Jerusalem. returned to Jerusalem. returned to Jerusalem. So when he saw that all his affairs So when he saw that all his affairs So when he saw that all his affairs prospered according to his mind, by the prospered according to his mind, by the prospered according to his mind, by the providence of God, he sent ambassadors providence of God, he sent ambassadors providence of God, he sent ambassadors to the Romans, being desirous of to the Romans, being desirous of to the Romans, being desirous of renewing that friendship which their renewing that friendship which their renewing that friendship which their nation had with them formerly. He nation had with them formerly. He nation had with them formerly. He enjoined the same ambassadors that, as enjoined the same ambassadors that, as enjoined the same ambassadors that, as they came back, they should go to the they came back, they should go to the they came back, they should go to the Spartans and put them in mind of their Spartans and put them in mind of their Spartans and put them in mind of their friendship and kindred. So, when the friendship and kindred. So, when the friendship and kindred. So, when the ambassadors came to Rome, they went into ambassadors came to Rome, they went into ambassadors came to Rome, they went into their senate and said what they were their senate and said what they were their senate and said what they were commanded by Jonathan the high priest to commanded by Jonathan the high priest to commanded by Jonathan the high priest to say, how he had sent them to confirm say, how he had sent them to confirm say, how he had sent them to confirm their friendship. The senate then their friendship. The senate then their friendship. The senate then confirmed what had been formerly decreed confirmed what had been formerly decreed confirmed what had been formerly decreed concerning their friendship with the concerning their friendship with the concerning their friendship with the Jews, and gave them letters to carry to Jews, and gave them letters to carry to Jews, and gave them letters to carry to all the kings of Asia and Europe, and to all the kings of Asia and Europe, and to all the kings of Asia and Europe, and to the governors of the cities, that they the governors of the cities, that they the governors of the cities, that they might safely conduct them to their own might safely conduct them to their own might safely conduct them to their own country. country. country. Accordingly, as they returned, they came Accordingly, as they returned, they came Accordingly, as they returned, they came to Sparta and delivered the epistle to Sparta and delivered the epistle to Sparta and delivered the epistle which they had received of Jonathan to which they had received of Jonathan to which they had received of Jonathan to them, a copy of which here follows.

them, a copy of which here follows. them, a copy of which here follows. Jonathan the high priest of the Jewish Jonathan the high priest of the Jewish Jonathan the high priest of the Jewish nation and the senate and the body of nation and the senate and the body of nation and the senate and the body of the people of the Jews, to the ephori the people of the Jews, to the ephori the people of the Jews, to the ephori and senate and people of the and senate and people of the and senate and people of the Lacedemonians, send greeting. Lacedemonians, send greeting. Lacedemonians, send greeting. If you be well and both your public and If you be well and both your public and If you be well and both your public and private affairs be agreeable to your private affairs be agreeable to your private affairs be agreeable to your mind, it is according to our wishes. We mind, it is according to our wishes. We mind, it is according to our wishes. We are well, also. When in former times an are well, also. When in former times an are well, also. When in former times an epistle was brought to Onias, who was epistle was brought to Onias, who was epistle was brought to Onias, who was then our high priest, from Arius, who at then our high priest, from Arius, who at then our high priest, from Arius, who at that time was your king, by Demoteles, that time was your king, by Demoteles, that time was your king, by Demoteles, concerning the kindred that was between concerning the kindred that was between concerning the kindred that was between us and you, a copy of which is here us and you, a copy of which is here us and you, a copy of which is here subjoined, we both joyfully received the subjoined, we both joyfully received the subjoined, we both joyfully received the epistle and were well pleased with epistle and were well pleased with epistle and were well pleased with Demoteles and Arius. Although we did not Demoteles and Arius. Although we did not Demoteles and Arius. Although we did not need such a demonstration, because we need such a demonstration, because we need such a demonstration, because we were satisfied about it from the sacred were satisfied about it from the sacred were satisfied about it from the sacred writings, and yet we did not think fit writings, and yet we did not think fit writings, and yet we did not think fit first to begin the claim of this first to begin the claim of this first to begin the claim of this relation to you, lest we should seem too relation to you, lest we should seem too relation to you, lest we should seem too early in taking to ourselves the glory early in taking to ourselves the glory early in taking to ourselves the glory which is now given us by you. It is a which is now given us by you. It is a which is now given us by you. It is a long time since this relation of ours to long time since this relation of ours to long time since this relation of ours to you hath been renewed, and when we, upon you hath been renewed, and when we, upon you hath been renewed, and when we, upon holy and festival days, offer sacrifices holy and festival days, offer sacrifices holy and festival days, offer sacrifices to God, we pray to him for your to God, we pray to him for your to God, we pray to him for your preservation and victory. As to preservation and victory. As to preservation and victory. As to ourselves, although we have had many ourselves, although we have had many ourselves, although we have had many wars that have encompassed us around by wars that have encompassed us around by wars that have encompassed us around by reason of the covetousness of our reason of the covetousness of our reason of the covetousness of our neighbors, yet did not we determine to neighbors, yet did not we determine to neighbors, yet did not we determine to be troublesome either to you or to be troublesome either to you or to be troublesome either to you or to others that were related to us. But others that were related to us. But others that were related to us. But since we have now overcome our enemies since we have now overcome our enemies since we have now overcome our enemies and have occasion to send Numenius, the

and have occasion to send Numenius, the and have occasion to send Numenius, the son of Antiochus, and Antipater, the son son of Antiochus, and Antipater, the son son of Antiochus, and Antipater, the son of Jason, who are both honorable men of Jason, who are both honorable men of Jason, who are both honorable men belonging to our senate to the Romans, belonging to our senate to the Romans, belonging to our senate to the Romans, we gave them this epistle to you also, we gave them this epistle to you also, we gave them this epistle to you also, that they might renew that friendship that they might renew that friendship that they might renew that friendship which is between us. You will therefore which is between us. You will therefore which is between us. You will therefore do well yourselves to write to us and do well yourselves to write to us and do well yourselves to write to us and send us an account of what you stand in send us an account of what you stand in send us an account of what you stand in need of from us, since we are in all need of from us, since we are in all need of from us, since we are in all these things disposed to act according these things disposed to act according these things disposed to act according to your desires. to your desires. to your desires. So the Lacedaemonians received the So the Lacedaemonians received the So the Lacedaemonians received the ambassadors kindly and made a decree for ambassadors kindly and made a decree for ambassadors kindly and made a decree for friendship and mutual assistance and friendship and mutual assistance and friendship and mutual assistance and sent it to them. sent it to them. sent it to them. At this time there were three sects At this time there were three sects At this time there were three sects among the Jews who had different among the Jews who had different among the Jews who had different opinions concerning human actions. The opinions concerning human actions. The opinions concerning human actions. The one was called the sect of the one was called the sect of the one was called the sect of the Pharisees, another the sect of the Pharisees, another the sect of the Pharisees, another the sect of the Sadducees, and the other sect of the Sadducees, and the other sect of the Sadducees, and the other sect of the Essenes. Essenes. Essenes. Now for the Pharisees, they say that Now for the Pharisees, they say that Now for the Pharisees, they say that some actions, but not all, are the work some actions, but not all, are the work some actions, but not all, are the work of fate and some of them are in our own of fate and some of them are in our own of fate and some of them are in our own power and that they are liable to fate power and that they are liable to fate power and that they are liable to fate but are not caused by fate. But the sect but are not caused by fate. But the sect but are not caused by fate. But the sect of the Essenes affirm that fate governs of the Essenes affirm that fate governs of the Essenes affirm that fate governs all things and that nothing befalls men all things and that nothing befalls men all things and that nothing befalls men what is according to its determination.

what is according to its determination. what is according to its determination. And for the Sadducees, they take away And for the Sadducees, they take away And for the Sadducees, they take away fate and say there is no such thing and fate and say there is no such thing and fate and say there is no such thing and that the events of human affairs are not that the events of human affairs are not that the events of human affairs are not at its disposal, but they suppose that at its disposal, but they suppose that at its disposal, but they suppose that all our actions are in our own power, so all our actions are in our own power, so all our actions are in our own power, so that we are ourselves the causes of what that we are ourselves the causes of what that we are ourselves the causes of what is good and receive what is evil from is good and receive what is evil from is good and receive what is evil from our own folly. However, I have given a our own folly. However, I have given a our own folly. However, I have given a more exact account of these opinions in more exact account of these opinions in more exact account of these opinions in the second book of the Jewish war. the second book of the Jewish war. the second book of the Jewish war. But now the generals of Demetrius, being But now the generals of Demetrius, being But now the generals of Demetrius, being willing to recover the defeat they had willing to recover the defeat they had willing to recover the defeat they had had, gathered a greater army together had, gathered a greater army together had, gathered a greater army together than they had before and came against than they had before and came against than they had before and came against Jonathan. But as soon as he was informed Jonathan. But as soon as he was informed Jonathan. But as soon as he was informed of their coming, he went suddenly to of their coming, he went suddenly to of their coming, he went suddenly to meet them to the country of Hamath. meet them to the country of Hamath. meet them to the country of Hamath. For he resolved to give them no For he resolved to give them no For he resolved to give them no opportunity of coming into Judea. So he opportunity of coming into Judea. So he opportunity of coming into Judea. So he pitched his camp at 50 furlongs distance pitched his camp at 50 furlongs distance pitched his camp at 50 furlongs distance from the enemy and sent out spies to from the enemy and sent out spies to from the enemy and sent out spies to take a view of their camp and after what take a view of their camp and after what take a view of their camp and after what manner they were encamped. manner they were encamped. manner they were encamped. When his spies had given him full When his spies had given him full When his spies had given him full information and had seized upon some of information and had seized upon some of information and had seized upon some of them by night, who told him the enemy them by night, who told him the enemy them by night, who told him the enemy would soon attack him, he, thus would soon attack him, he, thus would soon attack him, he, thus surprised beforehand, provided for his surprised beforehand, provided for his surprised beforehand, provided for his security and placed watchmen beyond his security and placed watchmen beyond his security and placed watchmen beyond his camp and kept all his forces armed all camp and kept all his forces armed all camp and kept all his forces armed all night.

night. night. And he gave them a charge to be of good And he gave them a charge to be of good And he gave them a charge to be of good courage and to have their minds prepared courage and to have their minds prepared courage and to have their minds prepared to fight in the night time if they to fight in the night time if they to fight in the night time if they should be obliged so to do, lest their should be obliged so to do, lest their should be obliged so to do, lest their enemies' designs should seem concealed enemies' designs should seem concealed enemies' designs should seem concealed from them. from them. from them. But when Demetrius' commanders were But when Demetrius' commanders were But when Demetrius' commanders were informed that Jonathan knew what they informed that Jonathan knew what they informed that Jonathan knew what they intended, their councils were disordered intended, their councils were disordered intended, their councils were disordered and it alarmed them to find that the and it alarmed them to find that the and it alarmed them to find that the enemy had discovered those their enemy had discovered those their enemy had discovered those their intentions. Nor did they expect to intentions. Nor did they expect to intentions. Nor did they expect to overcome them any other way. Now they overcome them any other way. Now they overcome them any other way. Now they had failed in the snares they had laid had failed in the snares they had laid had failed in the snares they had laid for them. For should they hazard an open for them. For should they hazard an open for them. For should they hazard an open battle, they did not think they should battle, they did not think they should battle, they did not think they should be a match for Jonathan's army. So they be a match for Jonathan's army. So they be a match for Jonathan's army. So they resolved to fly. And having lighted many resolved to fly. And having lighted many resolved to fly. And having lighted many fires, that when the enemy saw them they fires, that when the enemy saw them they fires, that when the enemy saw them they might suppose they were still there, might suppose they were still there, might suppose they were still there, they retired. When Jonathan came to give they retired. When Jonathan came to give they retired. When Jonathan came to give them battle in the morning in their camp them battle in the morning in their camp them battle in the morning in their camp and found it deserted and understood and found it deserted and understood and found it deserted and understood they fled, he pursued them. Yet he could they fled, he pursued them. Yet he could they fled, he pursued them. Yet he could not overtake them, for they had already not overtake them, for they had already not overtake them, for they had already passed over the river Eleutherus and passed over the river Eleutherus and passed over the river Eleutherus and were out of danger. So, when Jonathan were out of danger. So, when Jonathan were out of danger. So, when Jonathan was returned thence, he went into Arabia was returned thence, he went into Arabia was returned thence, he went into Arabia and fought against the Nabataeans and and fought against the Nabataeans and and fought against the Nabataeans and drove away a great deal of their prey drove away a great deal of their prey drove away a great deal of their prey and took many captives and came to and took many captives and came to and took many captives and came to Damascus and there sold off what he had Damascus and there sold off what he had Damascus and there sold off what he had taken. About the same time it was that taken. About the same time it was that taken. About the same time it was that Simon his brother went over all Judea Simon his brother went over all Judea Simon his brother went over all Judea and Palestine as far as Ascalon and and Palestine as far as Ascalon and and Palestine as far as Ascalon and fortified the strongholds. And when he fortified the strongholds. And when he fortified the strongholds. And when he had made them very strong both in the had made them very strong both in the had made them very strong both in the edifices erected and in the garrisons edifices erected and in the garrisons edifices erected and in the garrisons placed in them, he came to Joppa. And

placed in them, he came to Joppa. And placed in them, he came to Joppa. And when he had taken it, he brought a great when he had taken it, he brought a great when he had taken it, he brought a great garrison into it. For he heard that the garrison into it. For he heard that the garrison into it. For he heard that the people of Joppa were disposed to deliver people of Joppa were disposed to deliver people of Joppa were disposed to deliver up the city to Demetrius's generals. up the city to Demetrius's generals. up the city to Demetrius's generals. When Simon and Jonathan had finished When Simon and Jonathan had finished When Simon and Jonathan had finished these affairs, they returned to these affairs, they returned to these affairs, they returned to Jerusalem, where Jonathan gathered all Jerusalem, where Jonathan gathered all Jerusalem, where Jonathan gathered all the people together and took counsel to the people together and took counsel to the people together and took counsel to restore the walls of Jerusalem and to restore the walls of Jerusalem and to restore the walls of Jerusalem and to rebuild the wall that encompassed the rebuild the wall that encompassed the rebuild the wall that encompassed the temple, which had been thrown down, and temple, which had been thrown down, and temple, which had been thrown down, and to make the places adjoining stronger by to make the places adjoining stronger by to make the places adjoining stronger by very high towers. And besides that, to very high towers. And besides that, to very high towers. And besides that, to build another wall in the midst of the build another wall in the midst of the build another wall in the midst of the city in order to exclude the marketplace city in order to exclude the marketplace city in order to exclude the marketplace from the garrison, which was in the from the garrison, which was in the from the garrison, which was in the citadel, and by that means to hinder citadel, and by that means to hinder citadel, and by that means to hinder them from any plenty of provisions. And them from any plenty of provisions. And them from any plenty of provisions. And moreover, to make the fortresses that moreover, to make the fortresses that moreover, to make the fortresses that were in the country much stronger and were in the country much stronger and were in the country much stronger and more defensible than they were before. more defensible than they were before. more defensible than they were before. And when these things were approved of And when these things were approved of And when these things were approved of by the multitude as rightly proposed, by the multitude as rightly proposed, by the multitude as rightly proposed, Jonathan himself took care of the Jonathan himself took care of the Jonathan himself took care of the building that belonged to the city and building that belonged to the city and building that belonged to the city and sent Simon away to make the fortresses sent Simon away to make the fortresses sent Simon away to make the fortresses in the country more secure than in the country more secure than in the country more secure than formerly. But Demetrius passed over formerly. But Demetrius passed over formerly. But Demetrius passed over Euphrates and came into Mesopotamia Euphrates and came into Mesopotamia Euphrates and came into Mesopotamia as desirous to retain that country still as desirous to retain that country still as desirous to retain that country still as well as Babylon. And when he should as well as Babylon. And when he should as well as Babylon. And when he should have obtained the dominion of the upper have obtained the dominion of the upper have obtained the dominion of the upper provinces to lay a foundation for provinces to lay a foundation for provinces to lay a foundation for recovering his entire kingdom. For those recovering his entire kingdom. For those recovering his entire kingdom. For those Greeks and Macedonians who dwelt there, Greeks and Macedonians who dwelt there, Greeks and Macedonians who dwelt there, frequently sent ambassadors to him and frequently sent ambassadors to him and frequently sent ambassadors to him and promised that if he would come to them, promised that if he would come to them, promised that if he would come to them, they would deliver themselves up to him they would deliver themselves up to him they would deliver themselves up to him and assist him in fighting against

and assist him in fighting against and assist him in fighting against Arsaces, the king of the Parthians. So, Arsaces, the king of the Parthians. So, Arsaces, the king of the Parthians. So, he was elevated from these hopes and he was elevated from these hopes and he was elevated from these hopes and came hastily to them as having resolved came hastily to them as having resolved came hastily to them as having resolved that if he had once overthrown the that if he had once overthrown the that if he had once overthrown the Parthians and gotten an army of his own, Parthians and gotten an army of his own, Parthians and gotten an army of his own, he would make war against Trypho and he would make war against Trypho and he would make war against Trypho and eject him out of Syria. And the people eject him out of Syria. And the people eject him out of Syria. And the people of that country received him with great of that country received him with great of that country received him with great alacrity. So, he raised forces with alacrity. So, he raised forces with alacrity. So, he raised forces with which he fought against Arsaces and lost which he fought against Arsaces and lost which he fought against Arsaces and lost all his army and was himself taken alive all his army and was himself taken alive all his army and was himself taken alive as we have elsewhere related. as we have elsewhere related. as we have elsewhere related. Chapter 6. How Jonathan was slain by Chapter 6. How Jonathan was slain by Chapter 6. How Jonathan was slain by treachery and how thereupon the Jews treachery and how thereupon the Jews treachery and how thereupon the Jews made Simon their general and high made Simon their general and high made Simon their general and high priest. What courageous actions he also priest. What courageous actions he also priest. What courageous actions he also performed, especially against Trypho. performed, especially against Trypho. performed, especially against Trypho. Now, when Trypho knew what had befallen Now, when Trypho knew what had befallen Now, when Trypho knew what had befallen Demetrius, he was no longer firm to Demetrius, he was no longer firm to Demetrius, he was no longer firm to Antiochus, but contrived by subtlety to Antiochus, but contrived by subtlety to Antiochus, but contrived by subtlety to kill him and then take possession of his kill him and then take possession of his kill him and then take possession of his kingdom. But the fear that he was in of kingdom. But the fear that he was in of kingdom. But the fear that he was in of Jonathan was an obstacle to this his Jonathan was an obstacle to this his Jonathan was an obstacle to this his design. For Jonathan was a friend to design. For Jonathan was a friend to design. For Jonathan was a friend to Antiochus, for which cause he resolved Antiochus, for which cause he resolved Antiochus, for which cause he resolved first to take Jonathan out of the way first to take Jonathan out of the way first to take Jonathan out of the way and then to set about his design and then to set about his design and then to set about his design relating to Antiochus. But he, judging relating to Antiochus. But he, judging relating to Antiochus. But he, judging it best to take him off by deceit and it best to take him off by deceit and it best to take him off by deceit and treachery, came from Antioch to Beth treachery, came from Antioch to Beth treachery, came from Antioch to Beth Shan, which by the Greeks is called Shan, which by the Greeks is called Shan, which by the Greeks is called Scythopolis.

Scythopolis. Scythopolis. At which place Jonathan met him with At which place Jonathan met him with At which place Jonathan met him with 40,000 chosen men, for he thought that 40,000 chosen men, for he thought that 40,000 chosen men, for he thought that he came to fight him. But when he he came to fight him. But when he he came to fight him. But when he perceived that Jonathan was ready to perceived that Jonathan was ready to perceived that Jonathan was ready to fight, he attempted to gain him by fight, he attempted to gain him by fight, he attempted to gain him by presents and kind treatment and gave presents and kind treatment and gave presents and kind treatment and gave order to his captains to obey him. And order to his captains to obey him. And order to his captains to obey him. And by these means was desirous to give by these means was desirous to give by these means was desirous to give assurance of his goodwill and to take assurance of his goodwill and to take assurance of his goodwill and to take away all suspicions out of his mind that away all suspicions out of his mind that away all suspicions out of his mind that so he might make him careless and so he might make him careless and so he might make him careless and inconsiderate, and might take him when inconsiderate, and might take him when inconsiderate, and might take him when he was unguarded. He also advised him to he was unguarded. He also advised him to he was unguarded. He also advised him to dismiss his army, because there was no dismiss his army, because there was no dismiss his army, because there was no occasion for bringing it with him when occasion for bringing it with him when occasion for bringing it with him when there was no war, but all was at peace. there was no war, but all was at peace. there was no war, but all was at peace. However, he desired him to retain a few However, he desired him to retain a few However, he desired him to retain a few about him, and go with him to Ptolemais, about him, and go with him to Ptolemais, about him, and go with him to Ptolemais, for that he would deliver the city up to for that he would deliver the city up to for that he would deliver the city up to him, and bring all the fortresses that him, and bring all the fortresses that him, and bring all the fortresses that were in the country under his dominion. were in the country under his dominion. were in the country under his dominion. And he told him that he came with those And he told him that he came with those And he told him that he came with those very designs. very designs. very designs. Yet did not Jonathan suspect anything at Yet did not Jonathan suspect anything at Yet did not Jonathan suspect anything at all by this his management, but believed all by this his management, but believed all by this his management, but believed that Trypho gave him this advice out of that Trypho gave him this advice out of that Trypho gave him this advice out of kindness, and with a sincere design.

kindness, and with a sincere design. kindness, and with a sincere design. Accordingly, he dismissed his army, and Accordingly, he dismissed his army, and Accordingly, he dismissed his army, and retained no more than 3,000 of them with retained no more than 3,000 of them with retained no more than 3,000 of them with him, and left 2,000 in Galilee. And he him, and left 2,000 in Galilee. And he him, and left 2,000 in Galilee. And he himself with 1,000 came with Trypho to himself with 1,000 came with Trypho to himself with 1,000 came with Trypho to Ptolemais. But when the people of Ptolemais. But when the people of Ptolemais. But when the people of Ptolemais had shut their gates, as it Ptolemais had shut their gates, as it Ptolemais had shut their gates, as it had been commanded by Trypho to do, he had been commanded by Trypho to do, he had been commanded by Trypho to do, he took Jonathan alive, and slew all that took Jonathan alive, and slew all that took Jonathan alive, and slew all that were with him. He also sent soldiers were with him. He also sent soldiers were with him. He also sent soldiers against those 2,000 that were left in against those 2,000 that were left in against those 2,000 that were left in Galilee, in order to destroy them. But Galilee, in order to destroy them. But Galilee, in order to destroy them. But those men, having heard the report of those men, having heard the report of those men, having heard the report of what had happened to Jonathan, they what had happened to Jonathan, they what had happened to Jonathan, they prevented the execution. And before prevented the execution. And before prevented the execution. And before those that were sent by Trypho came, those that were sent by Trypho came, those that were sent by Trypho came, they covered themselves with their they covered themselves with their they covered themselves with their armor, and went away out of the country. armor, and went away out of the country. armor, and went away out of the country. Now when those that were sent against Now when those that were sent against Now when those that were sent against them saw that they were ready to fight them saw that they were ready to fight them saw that they were ready to fight for their lives, they gave them no for their lives, they gave them no for their lives, they gave them no disturbance, but returned back to disturbance, but returned back to disturbance, but returned back to Trypho. Trypho. Trypho. But when the people of Jerusalem heard But when the people of Jerusalem heard But when the people of Jerusalem heard that Jonathan was taken, and that the that Jonathan was taken, and that the that Jonathan was taken, and that the soldiers who were with him were soldiers who were with him were soldiers who were with him were destroyed, they deplored his sad fate. destroyed, they deplored his sad fate. destroyed, they deplored his sad fate. And there was earnest inquiry made about And there was earnest inquiry made about And there was earnest inquiry made about him by everybody, and a great and just him by everybody, and a great and just him by everybody, and a great and just fear befell upon them, and made them fear befell upon them, and made them fear befell upon them, and made them sad, lest, now they were deprived of the sad, lest, now they were deprived of the sad, lest, now they were deprived of the courage and conduct of Jonathan, the courage and conduct of Jonathan, the courage and conduct of Jonathan, the nations about them should bear them ill nations about them should bear them ill nations about them should bear them ill will. And as they were before quiet on will. And as they were before quiet on will. And as they were before quiet on account of Jonathan, they should now account of Jonathan, they should now account of Jonathan, they should now rise up against them, and by making war rise up against them, and by making war rise up against them, and by making war with them, should force them into the with them, should force them into the with them, should force them into the utmost dangers.

utmost dangers. utmost dangers. And indeed what they suspected really And indeed what they suspected really And indeed what they suspected really befel them. For when those nations heard befel them. For when those nations heard befel them. For when those nations heard of the death of Jonathan, they began to of the death of Jonathan, they began to of the death of Jonathan, they began to make war with the Jews as now destitute make war with the Jews as now destitute make war with the Jews as now destitute of a governor. And Trypho himself got an of a governor. And Trypho himself got an of a governor. And Trypho himself got an army together, and had intention to go army together, and had intention to go army together, and had intention to go up to Judea and make war against its up to Judea and make war against its up to Judea and make war against its inhabitants. inhabitants. inhabitants. But when Simon saw that the people of But when Simon saw that the people of But when Simon saw that the people of Jerusalem were terrified at the Jerusalem were terrified at the Jerusalem were terrified at the circumstances they were in, he desired circumstances they were in, he desired circumstances they were in, he desired to make a speech to them, and thereby to make a speech to them, and thereby to make a speech to them, and thereby rendered them more resolute in opposing rendered them more resolute in opposing rendered them more resolute in opposing Trypho when he should come against them. Trypho when he should come against them. Trypho when he should come against them. He then called the people together into He then called the people together into He then called the people together into the temple, and thence began thus to the temple, and thence began thus to the temple, and thence began thus to encourage them. encourage them. encourage them. O my countrymen, you are not ignorant O my countrymen, you are not ignorant O my countrymen, you are not ignorant that our father, myself and my brethren, that our father, myself and my brethren, that our father, myself and my brethren, have ventured to hazard our lives, and have ventured to hazard our lives, and have ventured to hazard our lives, and that willingly, for the recovery of your that willingly, for the recovery of your that willingly, for the recovery of your liberty. Since I have therefore such liberty. Since I have therefore such liberty. Since I have therefore such plenty of examples before me, and we of plenty of examples before me, and we of plenty of examples before me, and we of our family have determined with our family have determined with our family have determined with ourselves to die for our laws and our ourselves to die for our laws and our ourselves to die for our laws and our divine worship, there shall no terror be divine worship, there shall no terror be divine worship, there shall no terror be so great as to banish this resolution so great as to banish this resolution so great as to banish this resolution from our souls, nor to introduce in its from our souls, nor to introduce in its from our souls, nor to introduce in its place a love of life and a contempt of place a love of life and a contempt of place a love of life and a contempt of glory.

glory. glory. Do you therefore follow me with alacrity Do you therefore follow me with alacrity Do you therefore follow me with alacrity whithersoever I shall lead you, as not whithersoever I shall lead you, as not whithersoever I shall lead you, as not destitute of such a captain as is destitute of such a captain as is destitute of such a captain as is willing to suffer and to do the greatest willing to suffer and to do the greatest willing to suffer and to do the greatest things for you. For neither am I better things for you. For neither am I better things for you. For neither am I better than my own brethren, that I should be than my own brethren, that I should be than my own brethren, that I should be sparing of my own life, nor so far worse sparing of my own life, nor so far worse sparing of my own life, nor so far worse than they as to avoid and refuse what than they as to avoid and refuse what than they as to avoid and refuse what they thought the most honorable of all they thought the most honorable of all they thought the most honorable of all things. I mean, to undergo death for things. I mean, to undergo death for things. I mean, to undergo death for your laws, and for that worship of God your laws, and for that worship of God your laws, and for that worship of God which is peculiar to you. which is peculiar to you. which is peculiar to you. I will therefore give such proper I will therefore give such proper I will therefore give such proper demonstrations as will show that I am demonstrations as will show that I am demonstrations as will show that I am their own brother, and I am so bold as their own brother, and I am so bold as their own brother, and I am so bold as to expect that I shall avenge their to expect that I shall avenge their to expect that I shall avenge their blood upon our enemies and deliver you blood upon our enemies and deliver you blood upon our enemies and deliver you all with your wives and children from all with your wives and children from all with your wives and children from the injuries they intend against you. the injuries they intend against you. the injuries they intend against you. And with God's assistance to preserve And with God's assistance to preserve And with God's assistance to preserve your temple from destruction by them. your temple from destruction by them. your temple from destruction by them. For I see that these nations have you in For I see that these nations have you in For I see that these nations have you in contempt as being without a governor, contempt as being without a governor, contempt as being without a governor, and that they thence are encouraged to and that they thence are encouraged to and that they thence are encouraged to make war against you. make war against you. make war against you. By this speech of Simon, he inspired the By this speech of Simon, he inspired the By this speech of Simon, he inspired the multitude with courage, and as they had multitude with courage, and as they had multitude with courage, and as they had been before dispirited through fear, been before dispirited through fear, been before dispirited through fear, they were now raised to a good hope of they were now raised to a good hope of they were now raised to a good hope of better things. Insomuch that the whole better things. Insomuch that the whole better things. Insomuch that the whole multitude of the people cried out all at multitude of the people cried out all at multitude of the people cried out all at once that Simon should be their leader, once that Simon should be their leader, once that Simon should be their leader, and that instead of Judas and Jonathan and that instead of Judas and Jonathan and that instead of Judas and Jonathan his brethren, he should have the his brethren, he should have the his brethren, he should have the government over them. And they promised government over them. And they promised government over them. And they promised that they would readily obey him in that they would readily obey him in that they would readily obey him in whatsoever he should command them. So he whatsoever he should command them. So he whatsoever he should command them. So he got together immediately all his own got together immediately all his own got together immediately all his own soldiers that were fit for war, and made

soldiers that were fit for war, and made soldiers that were fit for war, and made haste in rebuilding the walls of the haste in rebuilding the walls of the haste in rebuilding the walls of the city, and strengthening them by very city, and strengthening them by very city, and strengthening them by very high and strong towers, and sent a high and strong towers, and sent a high and strong towers, and sent a friend of his, one Jonathan, the son of friend of his, one Jonathan, the son of friend of his, one Jonathan, the son of Absalom, to Joppa, and gave him order to Absalom, to Joppa, and gave him order to Absalom, to Joppa, and gave him order to eject the inhabitants out of the city. eject the inhabitants out of the city. eject the inhabitants out of the city. For he was afraid lest they should For he was afraid lest they should For he was afraid lest they should deliver up the city to Trypho, but he deliver up the city to Trypho, but he deliver up the city to Trypho, but he himself stayed to secure Jerusalem. himself stayed to secure Jerusalem. himself stayed to secure Jerusalem. But Trypho removed from Ptolemais with a But Trypho removed from Ptolemais with a But Trypho removed from Ptolemais with a great army and came into Judea, and great army and came into Judea, and great army and came into Judea, and brought Jonathan with him in bonds. brought Jonathan with him in bonds. brought Jonathan with him in bonds. Simon also met him with his army at the Simon also met him with his army at the Simon also met him with his army at the city of Adida, which is upon a hill, and city of Adida, which is upon a hill, and city of Adida, which is upon a hill, and beneath it lie the plains of Judea. beneath it lie the plains of Judea. beneath it lie the plains of Judea. When Trypho knew that Simon was by the When Trypho knew that Simon was by the When Trypho knew that Simon was by the Jews made their governor, he sent to him Jews made their governor, he sent to him Jews made their governor, he sent to him and would have imposed upon him by and would have imposed upon him by and would have imposed upon him by deceit and treachery, and desired, if he deceit and treachery, and desired, if he deceit and treachery, and desired, if he would have his brother Jonathan would have his brother Jonathan would have his brother Jonathan released, that he would send him 100 released, that he would send him 100 released, that he would send him 100 talents of silver and two of Jonathan's talents of silver and two of Jonathan's talents of silver and two of Jonathan's sons as hostages, that when he shall be sons as hostages, that when he shall be sons as hostages, that when he shall be released, he may not make Judea revolt released, he may not make Judea revolt released, he may not make Judea revolt from the king. For that at present he from the king. For that at present he from the king. For that at present he was kept in bonds on account of the was kept in bonds on account of the was kept in bonds on account of the money he had borrowed of the king and money he had borrowed of the king and money he had borrowed of the king and now owed it to him. But Simon was aware now owed it to him. But Simon was aware now owed it to him. But Simon was aware of the craft of Trypho and although he of the craft of Trypho and although he of the craft of Trypho and although he knew that if he gave him the money he knew that if he gave him the money he knew that if he gave him the money he should lose it and that Trypho would not should lose it and that Trypho would not should lose it and that Trypho would not set his brother free and with all should set his brother free and with all should set his brother free and with all should deliver the sons of Jonathan to the deliver the sons of Jonathan to the deliver the sons of Jonathan to the enemy. Yet because he was afraid that he enemy. Yet because he was afraid that he enemy. Yet because he was afraid that he should have a calumny raised against him should have a calumny raised against him should have a calumny raised against him among the multitude as the cause of his among the multitude as the cause of his among the multitude as the cause of his brother's death. If he neither gave the brother's death. If he neither gave the brother's death. If he neither gave the money nor sent Jonathan's sons, he

money nor sent Jonathan's sons, he money nor sent Jonathan's sons, he gathered his army together and told them gathered his army together and told them gathered his army together and told them what offers Trypho had made and added what offers Trypho had made and added what offers Trypho had made and added this, that the offers were ensnaring and this, that the offers were ensnaring and this, that the offers were ensnaring and treacherous and yet that it was more treacherous and yet that it was more treacherous and yet that it was more eligible to send the money and eligible to send the money and eligible to send the money and Jonathan's sons than to be liable to the Jonathan's sons than to be liable to the Jonathan's sons than to be liable to the imputation of not complying with imputation of not complying with imputation of not complying with Trypho's offers and thereby refusing to Trypho's offers and thereby refusing to Trypho's offers and thereby refusing to save his brother. Accordingly, Simon save his brother. Accordingly, Simon save his brother. Accordingly, Simon sent the sons of Jonathan and the money. sent the sons of Jonathan and the money. sent the sons of Jonathan and the money. But when Trypho had received them, he But when Trypho had received them, he But when Trypho had received them, he did not keep his promise nor set did not keep his promise nor set did not keep his promise nor set Jonathan free but took his army and went Jonathan free but took his army and went Jonathan free but took his army and went about all the country and resolved to go about all the country and resolved to go about all the country and resolved to go afterward to Jerusalem by way of Idumea. afterward to Jerusalem by way of Idumea. afterward to Jerusalem by way of Idumea. While Simon went over against him with While Simon went over against him with While Simon went over against him with his army and all along pitched his own his army and all along pitched his own his army and all along pitched his own camp over against his. camp over against his. camp over against his. But when those that were in the citadel But when those that were in the citadel But when those that were in the citadel had sent to Trypho and besought him to had sent to Trypho and besought him to had sent to Trypho and besought him to make haste and come to them and to send make haste and come to them and to send make haste and come to them and to send them provisions, he prepared his cavalry them provisions, he prepared his cavalry them provisions, he prepared his cavalry as though he would be at Jerusalem that as though he would be at Jerusalem that as though he would be at Jerusalem that very night. But so great a quantity of very night. But so great a quantity of very night. But so great a quantity of snow fell in the night that it covered snow fell in the night that it covered snow fell in the night that it covered the roads and made them so deep that the roads and made them so deep that the roads and made them so deep that there was no passing, especially for the there was no passing, especially for the there was no passing, especially for the cavalry. This hindered him from coming cavalry. This hindered him from coming cavalry. This hindered him from coming to Jerusalem, whereupon Trypho removed to Jerusalem, whereupon Trypho removed to Jerusalem, whereupon Trypho removed thence and came into Coele-Syria and thence and came into Coele-Syria and thence and came into Coele-Syria and falling vehemently upon the land of falling vehemently upon the land of falling vehemently upon the land of Gilead, he slew Jonathan there. And when Gilead, he slew Jonathan there. And when Gilead, he slew Jonathan there. And when he had given order for his burial, he he had given order for his burial, he he had given order for his burial, he returned himself to Antioch.

returned himself to Antioch. returned himself to Antioch. However, Simon sent some to the city However, Simon sent some to the city However, Simon sent some to the city Basca to bring away his brother's bones Basca to bring away his brother's bones Basca to bring away his brother's bones and bury them in their own city Modin, and bury them in their own city Modin, and bury them in their own city Modin, and all the people made great and all the people made great and all the people made great lamentation over him. lamentation over him. lamentation over him. Simon also erected a very large monument Simon also erected a very large monument Simon also erected a very large monument for his father and his brethren of white for his father and his brethren of white for his father and his brethren of white and polished stone, and raised it a and polished stone, and raised it a and polished stone, and raised it a great height, and so it was to be seen a great height, and so it was to be seen a great height, and so it was to be seen a long way off. And made cloisters about long way off. And made cloisters about long way off. And made cloisters about it and set up pillars, which were of one it and set up pillars, which were of one it and set up pillars, which were of one stone apiece, a work it was wonderful to stone apiece, a work it was wonderful to stone apiece, a work it was wonderful to see. see. see. Moreover, he built seven pyramids also Moreover, he built seven pyramids also Moreover, he built seven pyramids also for his parents and his brethren, one for his parents and his brethren, one for his parents and his brethren, one for each of them, which were made very for each of them, which were made very for each of them, which were made very surprising both for their largeness and surprising both for their largeness and surprising both for their largeness and beauty, and which have been preserved to beauty, and which have been preserved to beauty, and which have been preserved to this day. this day. this day. And we know that it was Simon who And we know that it was Simon who And we know that it was Simon who bestowed so much zeal about the burial bestowed so much zeal about the burial bestowed so much zeal about the burial of Jonathan and the building of these of Jonathan and the building of these of Jonathan and the building of these monuments for his relations. monuments for his relations. monuments for his relations. Now, Jonathan died when he had been high Now, Jonathan died when he had been high Now, Jonathan died when he had been high priest 4 years and had been also the priest 4 years and had been also the priest 4 years and had been also the governor of his nation, and these were governor of his nation, and these were governor of his nation, and these were the circumstances concerning his death.

the circumstances concerning his death. the circumstances concerning his death. But Simon, who was made high priest by But Simon, who was made high priest by But Simon, who was made high priest by the multitude on the very first year of the multitude on the very first year of the multitude on the very first year of his high priesthood, set his people free his high priesthood, set his people free his high priesthood, set his people free from their slavery under the Macedonians from their slavery under the Macedonians from their slavery under the Macedonians and permitted them to pay tribute to and permitted them to pay tribute to and permitted them to pay tribute to them no longer. them no longer. them no longer. Which liberty and freedom from tribute Which liberty and freedom from tribute Which liberty and freedom from tribute they obtained after 170 years of the they obtained after 170 years of the they obtained after 170 years of the kingdom of the Assyrians, which was kingdom of the Assyrians, which was kingdom of the Assyrians, which was after Seleucus, who was called Nicator, after Seleucus, who was called Nicator, after Seleucus, who was called Nicator, got the dominion over Syria. got the dominion over Syria. got the dominion over Syria. Now, the affection of the multitude Now, the affection of the multitude Now, the affection of the multitude toward Simon was so great that in their toward Simon was so great that in their toward Simon was so great that in their contracts one with another and in their contracts one with another and in their contracts one with another and in their public records they wrote, "In the first public records they wrote, "In the first public records they wrote, "In the first year of Simon, the benefactor and year of Simon, the benefactor and year of Simon, the benefactor and ethnarch of the Jews, for under him they ethnarch of the Jews, for under him they ethnarch of the Jews, for under him they were very happy and overcame the enemies were very happy and overcame the enemies were very happy and overcame the enemies that were round about them. For Simon that were round about them. For Simon that were round about them. For Simon overthrew the city Gazara and Joppa and overthrew the city Gazara and Joppa and overthrew the city Gazara and Joppa and Jamnis." He also took the Citadel of Jamnis." He also took the Citadel of Jamnis." He also took the Citadel of Jerusalem by siege and cast it down to Jerusalem by siege and cast it down to Jerusalem by siege and cast it down to the ground that it might not be any more the ground that it might not be any more the ground that it might not be any more a place of refuge to their enemies when a place of refuge to their enemies when a place of refuge to their enemies when they took it to do them a mischief as it they took it to do them a mischief as it they took it to do them a mischief as it had been till now. And when he had done had been till now. And when he had done had been till now. And when he had done this, he thought it their best way and this, he thought it their best way and this, he thought it their best way and most for their advantage to level the most for their advantage to level the most for their advantage to level the very mountain itself upon which the very mountain itself upon which the very mountain itself upon which the Citadel happened to stand that so the Citadel happened to stand that so the Citadel happened to stand that so the temple might be higher than it.

temple might be higher than it. temple might be higher than it. And indeed, when he had called the And indeed, when he had called the And indeed, when he had called the multitude to an assembly, he persuaded multitude to an assembly, he persuaded multitude to an assembly, he persuaded them to have it so demolished. And this them to have it so demolished. And this them to have it so demolished. And this by putting them in mind what miseries by putting them in mind what miseries by putting them in mind what miseries they had suffered by its garrison and they had suffered by its garrison and they had suffered by its garrison and the Jewish deserters. And what miseries the Jewish deserters. And what miseries the Jewish deserters. And what miseries they might hereafter suffer in case any they might hereafter suffer in case any they might hereafter suffer in case any foreigner should obtain the kingdom and foreigner should obtain the kingdom and foreigner should obtain the kingdom and put a garrison into that Citadel. This put a garrison into that Citadel. This put a garrison into that Citadel. This speech induced the multitude to a speech induced the multitude to a speech induced the multitude to a compliance because he exhorted them to compliance because he exhorted them to compliance because he exhorted them to do nothing but was for their own good. do nothing but was for their own good. do nothing but was for their own good. So, they all set themselves to the work So, they all set themselves to the work So, they all set themselves to the work and leveled the mountain. And in that and leveled the mountain. And in that and leveled the mountain. And in that work spent both day and night without work spent both day and night without work spent both day and night without any intermission which cost them three any intermission which cost them three any intermission which cost them three whole years before it was removed and whole years before it was removed and whole years before it was removed and brought to an entire level with the brought to an entire level with the brought to an entire level with the plane of the rest of the city. plane of the rest of the city. plane of the rest of the city. After which the temple was the highest After which the temple was the highest After which the temple was the highest of all the buildings. Now the Citadel as of all the buildings. Now the Citadel as of all the buildings. Now the Citadel as well as the mountain where on it stood well as the mountain where on it stood well as the mountain where on it stood were demolished. And these actions were were demolished. And these actions were were demolished. And these actions were thus performed under Simon.