Josephus Book 25b From the Coming of Titus to besiege Jerusalem to the Great Extremity to which the

the worse of the Jews by Josephus the worse of the Jews by Josephus translated by William Weston chapter 7 translated by William Weston chapter 7 translated by William Weston chapter 7 how one of the towers erected by the how one of the towers erected by the how one of the towers erected by the Romans fell down of its own accord and Romans fell down of its own accord and Romans fell down of its own accord and how the Romans after great slaughter had how the Romans after great slaughter had how the Romans after great slaughter had been made got possession of the first been made got possession of the first been made got possession of the first Wow how also Titus made his assaults Wow how also Titus made his assaults Wow how also Titus made his assaults upon the second while as also concerning upon the second while as also concerning upon the second while as also concerning lankiness the roman and caste or the Jew lankiness the roman and caste or the Jew lankiness the roman and caste or the Jew one now on the first night a surprising one now on the first night a surprising one now on the first night a surprising disturbance fell upon the Romans 4 disturbance fell upon the Romans 4 disturbance fell upon the Romans 4 whereas Titus had given orders for the whereas Titus had given orders for the whereas Titus had given orders for the erection of three towers of fifty cubits erection of three towers of fifty cubits erection of three towers of fifty cubits high that by setting men upon them at high that by setting men upon them at high that by setting men upon them at every bank he might from thence drive every bank he might from thence drive every bank he might from thence drive those away who were upon the wall it so those away who were upon the wall it so those away who were upon the wall it so happened that one of these towers fell happened that one of these towers fell happened that one of these towers fell down about midnight and as its fall made down about midnight and as its fall made down about midnight and as its fall made a very great noise fear fell upon the a very great noise fear fell upon the a very great noise fear fell upon the army and they supposing that the enemy army and they supposing that the enemy army and they supposing that the enemy was coming to attack them ran all to was coming to attack them ran all to was coming to attack them ran all to their arms whereupon a disturbance and their arms whereupon a disturbance and their arms whereupon a disturbance and the tumult arose among the legions and the tumult arose among the legions and the tumult arose among the legions and as nobody could tell what had happened as nobody could tell what had happened as nobody could tell what had happened they went on after a disconsolate manner they went on after a disconsolate manner they went on after a disconsolate manner and seeing no enemy appear they were and seeing no enemy appear they were and seeing no enemy appear they were afraid one of another afraid one of another afraid one of another and everyone demanded of his neighbor and everyone demanded of his neighbor and everyone demanded of his neighbor the watchword with great earnestness as the watchword with great earnestness as the watchword with great earnestness as though Jews had invaded their camp and though Jews had invaded their camp and though Jews had invaded their camp and now were they like people under a panic now were they like people under a panic now were they like people under a panic fear till Titus was informed of what had fear till Titus was informed of what had fear till Titus was informed of what had happened and gave orders that all should happened and gave orders that all should happened and gave orders that all should be acquainted with it and then though be acquainted with it and then though be acquainted with it and then though with some difficulty they got clear of with some difficulty they got clear of with some difficulty they got clear of the disturbance they had been under -

the disturbance they had been under - the disturbance they had been under - now these towers were very troublesome now these towers were very troublesome now these towers were very troublesome to the Jews who otherwise opposed the to the Jews who otherwise opposed the to the Jews who otherwise opposed the Romans very courageously for they shot Romans very courageously for they shot Romans very courageously for they shot at them out of their lighter engines at them out of their lighter engines at them out of their lighter engines from those towers and they did also by from those towers and they did also by from those towers and they did also by those that threw darts and the archers those that threw darts and the archers those that threw darts and the archers and those that flung stones for neither and those that flung stones for neither and those that flung stones for neither could the Jews reach those that were could the Jews reach those that were could the Jews reach those that were over them by reason of their height and over them by reason of their height and over them by reason of their height and it was not practicable to take them nor it was not practicable to take them nor it was not practicable to take them nor to overturn them they were so heavy nor to overturn them they were so heavy nor to overturn them they were so heavy nor to set them on fire because they were to set them on fire because they were to set them on fire because they were covered with plates of iron so they covered with plates of iron so they covered with plates of iron so they retired out of the reach of the darts retired out of the reach of the darts retired out of the reach of the darts and did no longer endeavor to hinder the and did no longer endeavor to hinder the and did no longer endeavor to hinder the impression of their Rams which by impression of their Rams which by impression of their Rams which by continually beating upon the continually beating upon the continually beating upon the I did gradually prevail against it so I did gradually prevail against it so I did gradually prevail against it so that the wall already gave way to the that the wall already gave way to the that the wall already gave way to the Nikko for by that name did the Jews Nikko for by that name did the Jews Nikko for by that name did the Jews themselves call the greatest of their themselves call the greatest of their themselves call the greatest of their engines because it conquered all things engines because it conquered all things engines because it conquered all things and now they were for a long while and now they were for a long while and now they were for a long while growing weary of fighting and of keeping growing weary of fighting and of keeping growing weary of fighting and of keeping guards and were retired to lodge in the guards and were retired to lodge in the guards and were retired to lodge in the nighttime at a distance from the wall it nighttime at a distance from the wall it nighttime at a distance from the wall it was on other accounts also a thought by was on other accounts also a thought by was on other accounts also a thought by them to be superfluous to guard the wall them to be superfluous to guard the wall them to be superfluous to guard the wall there being beside that to other there being beside that to other there being beside that to other fortifications still remaining and they fortifications still remaining and they fortifications still remaining and they being slothful and their councils having being slothful and their councils having being slothful and their councils having been ill concerted on all occasions so a been ill concerted on all occasions so a been ill concerted on all occasions so a great many grew lazy and retired then great many grew lazy and retired then great many grew lazy and retired then the Romans mounted the breach where the Romans mounted the breach where the Romans mounted the breach where Nikko had made one and all the Jews left Nikko had made one and all the Jews left Nikko had made one and all the Jews left the guarding that wall and retreated to the guarding that wall and retreated to the guarding that wall and retreated to the second wall so those that had gotten the second wall so those that had gotten the second wall so those that had gotten over that wall opened the gates and

over that wall opened the gates and over that wall opened the gates and received all the army within it and thus received all the army within it and thus received all the army within it and thus did the Romans get possession of this did the Romans get possession of this did the Romans get possession of this first while on the 15th day of the siege first while on the 15th day of the siege first while on the 15th day of the siege which was the seventh day of the month which was the seventh day of the month which was the seventh day of the month Artemis er when they demolished a great Artemis er when they demolished a great Artemis er when they demolished a great part of it as well as they did of the part of it as well as they did of the part of it as well as they did of the northern parts of the city which had northern parts of the city which had northern parts of the city which had been demolished also by cestia storm been demolished also by cestia storm been demolished also by cestia storm early 3 and now Titus pitched his camp early 3 and now Titus pitched his camp early 3 and now Titus pitched his camp within the city at that place which was within the city at that place which was within the city at that place which was called the camp of the Assyrians having called the camp of the Assyrians having called the camp of the Assyrians having seized upon all that lay as far as seized upon all that lay as far as seized upon all that lay as far as cedron but took care to be out of the cedron but took care to be out of the cedron but took care to be out of the reach of the Jews Dartz he then reach of the Jews Dartz he then reach of the Jews Dartz he then presently began his attacks upon which presently began his attacks upon which presently began his attacks upon which the Jews divided themselves into several the Jews divided themselves into several the Jews divided themselves into several bodies and courageously defended that bodies and courageously defended that bodies and courageously defended that while while John in his faction did it while while John in his faction did it while while John in his faction did it from the Tower of Antonia and from the from the Tower of Antonia and from the from the Tower of Antonia and from the northern cloister of the temple and northern cloister of the temple and northern cloister of the temple and brought the Romans before the monuments brought the Romans before the monuments brought the Romans before the monuments of King Alexander and serios army also of King Alexander and serios army also of King Alexander and serios army also took for their share the spot of ground took for their share the spot of ground took for their share the spot of ground that was near John's monument and that was near John's monument and that was near John's monument and fortified it as far as to that gate fortified it as far as to that gate fortified it as far as to that gate where water was brought in to the tower where water was brought in to the tower where water was brought in to the tower hipa kiss hipa kiss hipa kiss however the Jews made violent sally's however the Jews made violent sally's however the Jews made violent sally's and that frequently also and embodies and that frequently also and embodies and that frequently also and embodies together out of the gates and there together out of the gates and there together out of the gates and there fought the Romans and when they were fought the Romans and when they were fought the Romans and when they were pursued all together to the wall they pursued all together to the wall they pursued all together to the wall they were beaten in those fights as wanting were beaten in those fights as wanting were beaten in those fights as wanting the skill of the Romans but the skill of the Romans but the skill of the Romans but they fought them from the walls they they fought them from the walls they they fought them from the walls they were too hard for them were too hard for them were too hard for them the Romans being encouraged by their the Romans being encouraged by their the Romans being encouraged by their power joined to their skill as were the power joined to their skill as were the power joined to their skill as were the Jews by their boldness which was

Jews by their boldness which was Jews by their boldness which was nourished by the fear they were in and nourished by the fear they were in and nourished by the fear they were in and that hardiness which is natural to our that hardiness which is natural to our that hardiness which is natural to our nation under calamities they were also nation under calamities they were also nation under calamities they were also encouraged still by the hope of encouraged still by the hope of encouraged still by the hope of deliverance as were the Romans by their deliverance as were the Romans by their deliverance as were the Romans by their hopes of subduing them in a little time hopes of subduing them in a little time hopes of subduing them in a little time nor did either side grow weary but nor did either side grow weary but nor did either side grow weary but attacks and writings upon the wall and attacks and writings upon the wall and attacks and writings upon the wall and perpetual sally's out in bodies were perpetual sally's out in bodies were perpetual sally's out in bodies were there all the day long nor were there there all the day long nor were there there all the day long nor were there any sort of warlike engagements that any sort of warlike engagements that any sort of warlike engagements that were not then put in use and the night were not then put in use and the night were not then put in use and the night itself had much ado to part them when itself had much ado to part them when itself had much ado to part them when they began to fight in the morning nay they began to fight in the morning nay they began to fight in the morning nay the night itself was passed without the night itself was passed without the night itself was passed without sleep on both sides and was more uneasy sleep on both sides and was more uneasy sleep on both sides and was more uneasy than the day to them while the one was than the day to them while the one was than the day to them while the one was afraid lest the wall should be taken and afraid lest the wall should be taken and afraid lest the wall should be taken and the other lest the Jews should make the other lest the Jews should make the other lest the Jews should make sally's upon their camps both sides also sally's upon their camps both sides also sally's upon their camps both sides also lay in their Armour during the nighttime lay in their Armour during the nighttime lay in their Armour during the nighttime and thereby were ready at the first and thereby were ready at the first and thereby were ready at the first appearance of light to go to the battle appearance of light to go to the battle appearance of light to go to the battle now among the Jews the ambition was who now among the Jews the ambition was who now among the Jews the ambition was who should undergo the first dangers and should undergo the first dangers and should undergo the first dangers and thereby gratify their commanders above thereby gratify their commanders above thereby gratify their commanders above all they had a great veneration and all they had a great veneration and all they had a great veneration and dread of Simon and to that degree was he dread of Simon and to that degree was he dread of Simon and to that degree was he regarded by everyone that was under him regarded by everyone that was under him regarded by everyone that was under him that at his command that at his command that at his command they were very ready to kill themselves they were very ready to kill themselves they were very ready to kill themselves with their own hands what made the with their own hands what made the with their own hands what made the Romans so courageous was their usual Romans so courageous was their usual Romans so courageous was their usual custom of conquering and disuse of being custom of conquering and disuse of being custom of conquering and disuse of being defeated their constant Wars and defeated their constant Wars and defeated their constant Wars and perpetual warlike exercises and the perpetual warlike exercises and the perpetual warlike exercises and the grandeur of their Dominion and what was grandeur of their Dominion and what was grandeur of their Dominion and what was now their chief encouragement Titus who

now their chief encouragement Titus who now their chief encouragement Titus who was present everywhere with them all for was present everywhere with them all for was present everywhere with them all for it appeared a terrible thing to grow it appeared a terrible thing to grow it appeared a terrible thing to grow weary while Caesar was there and fought weary while Caesar was there and fought weary while Caesar was there and fought bravely as well as they did and was bravely as well as they did and was bravely as well as they did and was himself at once an eyewitness of such as himself at once an eyewitness of such as himself at once an eyewitness of such as behaved themselves valiantly and he who behaved themselves valiantly and he who behaved themselves valiantly and he who was to reward them also it was besides was to reward them also it was besides was to reward them also it was besides esteemed an advantage at present to have esteemed an advantage at present to have esteemed an advantage at present to have anyone's valour known by Caesar on which anyone's valour known by Caesar on which anyone's valour known by Caesar on which account many of them appeared to have account many of them appeared to have account many of them appeared to have more alacrity than strength to answer it more alacrity than strength to answer it more alacrity than strength to answer it and now as the Jews were about this time and now as the Jews were about this time and now as the Jews were about this time standing in a ray standing in a ray standing in a ray before the wall and that in a strong before the wall and that in a strong before the wall and that in a strong body and while both parties were body and while both parties were body and while both parties were throwing their darts at each other throwing their darts at each other throwing their darts at each other Longinus one of the equestrian order Longinus one of the equestrian order Longinus one of the equestrian order leaped out of the army of the Romans and leaped out of the army of the Romans and leaped out of the army of the Romans and leapt into the very midst of the army of leapt into the very midst of the army of leapt into the very midst of the army of the Jews and as they dispersed the Jews and as they dispersed the Jews and as they dispersed themselves upon the attack he slew two themselves upon the attack he slew two themselves upon the attack he slew two of their men of the greatest courage one of their men of the greatest courage one of their men of the greatest courage one of them he struck in his mouth as he was of them he struck in his mouth as he was of them he struck in his mouth as he was coming to meet him the other was slain coming to meet him the other was slain coming to meet him the other was slain by him by that very dart which he drew by him by that very dart which he drew by him by that very dart which he drew out of the body of the other with which out of the body of the other with which out of the body of the other with which he ran this man through his side as he he ran this man through his side as he he ran this man through his side as he was running away from him and when he was running away from him and when he was running away from him and when he had done this he first of all ran out of had done this he first of all ran out of had done this he first of all ran out of the midst of his enemies to his own side the midst of his enemies to his own side the midst of his enemies to his own side so this man signalized himself for his so this man signalized himself for his so this man signalized himself for his valor and many there were who were valor and many there were who were valor and many there were who were ambitious of gaining the like reputation ambitious of gaining the like reputation ambitious of gaining the like reputation and now the Jews were unconcerned dat and now the Jews were unconcerned dat and now the Jews were unconcerned dat what they suffered themselves under the what they suffered themselves under the what they suffered themselves under the Romans and were only solicitous about Romans and were only solicitous about Romans and were only solicitous about what mischief they could do them and what mischief they could do them and what mischief they could do them and death itself seemed a small matter to

death itself seemed a small matter to death itself seemed a small matter to them if at the same time they could but them if at the same time they could but them if at the same time they could but kill any one of their enemies but Titus kill any one of their enemies but Titus kill any one of their enemies but Titus took care to secure his own soldiers took care to secure his own soldiers took care to secure his own soldiers from harm as well as to have them from harm as well as to have them from harm as well as to have them overcome their enemies he also said that overcome their enemies he also said that overcome their enemies he also said that inconsiderate violence was madness and inconsiderate violence was madness and inconsiderate violence was madness and that this alone was the true courage that this alone was the true courage that this alone was the true courage that was joined with good conduct he that was joined with good conduct he that was joined with good conduct he therefore commanded his men to take care therefore commanded his men to take care therefore commanded his men to take care when they fought their enemies that they when they fought their enemies that they when they fought their enemies that they received no harm from them at the same received no harm from them at the same received no harm from them at the same time and thereby show themselves to be time and thereby show themselves to be time and thereby show themselves to be truly valiant men for and now Titus truly valiant men for and now Titus truly valiant men for and now Titus brought one of his engines to the middle brought one of his engines to the middle brought one of his engines to the middle tower of the north part of the wall in tower of the north part of the wall in tower of the north part of the wall in which a certain crafty Jew whose name which a certain crafty Jew whose name which a certain crafty Jew whose name was cast or lay in ambush with ten was cast or lay in ambush with ten was cast or lay in ambush with ten others like himself the rest being fled others like himself the rest being fled others like himself the rest being fled away by reason of the archers these men away by reason of the archers these men away by reason of the archers these men lay still for a while as in great fear lay still for a while as in great fear lay still for a while as in great fear under their breastplates under their breastplates under their breastplates but when the tower was shaken they arose but when the tower was shaken they arose but when the tower was shaken they arose and caster did then stretch out his hand and caster did then stretch out his hand and caster did then stretch out his hand as a petitioner and called for Caesar as a petitioner and called for Caesar as a petitioner and called for Caesar and by his voice moved his compassion and by his voice moved his compassion and by his voice moved his compassion and begged of him to have mercy upon and begged of him to have mercy upon and begged of him to have mercy upon them and Titus in the innocency of his them and Titus in the innocency of his them and Titus in the innocency of his heart believing him to be in earnest and heart believing him to be in earnest and heart believing him to be in earnest and hoping that the Jews did now repent hoping that the Jews did now repent hoping that the Jews did now repent stopped stopped stopped working of the battering ram and forbade working of the battering ram and forbade working of the battering ram and forbade them to shoot at the petitioners and bid them to shoot at the petitioners and bid them to shoot at the petitioners and bid casters say what he had a mind to say to casters say what he had a mind to say to casters say what he had a mind to say to him he said that he would come down if him he said that he would come down if him he said that he would come down if he would give him his right hand for his he would give him his right hand for his he would give him his right hand for his security security security - which Titus replied that he was well

- which Titus replied that he was well - which Titus replied that he was well pleased with such his agreeable conduct pleased with such his agreeable conduct pleased with such his agreeable conduct and would be well pleased if all the and would be well pleased if all the and would be well pleased if all the Jews would be of his mind and that he Jews would be of his mind and that he Jews would be of his mind and that he was ready to give the like security to was ready to give the like security to was ready to give the like security to the city now five of the ten dissembled the city now five of the ten dissembled the city now five of the ten dissembled with him and pretended to beg for mercy with him and pretended to beg for mercy with him and pretended to beg for mercy while the rest cried out aloud that they while the rest cried out aloud that they while the rest cried out aloud that they would never be slaves to the Romans would never be slaves to the Romans would never be slaves to the Romans while it was in their power to die in while it was in their power to die in while it was in their power to die in the state of freedom now while these men the state of freedom now while these men the state of freedom now while these men were quarreling for a long while the were quarreling for a long while the were quarreling for a long while the attack was delayed castor also sent to attack was delayed castor also sent to attack was delayed castor also sent to Simon and told him that they might take Simon and told him that they might take Simon and told him that they might take some time for consultation about what some time for consultation about what some time for consultation about what was to be done because he would elude was to be done because he would elude was to be done because he would elude the power of the Romans for a the power of the Romans for a the power of the Romans for a considerable time and at the same time considerable time and at the same time considerable time and at the same time that he sent thus to him he appeared that he sent thus to him he appeared that he sent thus to him he appeared openly to exhort those that were openly to exhort those that were openly to exhort those that were obstinate to accept of Titus's hand for obstinate to accept of Titus's hand for obstinate to accept of Titus's hand for their security but they seemed very their security but they seemed very their security but they seemed very angry at it and brandished their naked angry at it and brandished their naked angry at it and brandished their naked swords upon their breast works and swords upon their breast works and swords upon their breast works and struck themselves upon their breast and struck themselves upon their breast and struck themselves upon their breast and fell down as if they had been slain here fell down as if they had been slain here fell down as if they had been slain here upon Titus and those with him were upon Titus and those with him were upon Titus and those with him were amazed at the courage of the men and as amazed at the courage of the men and as amazed at the courage of the men and as they were not able to see exactly what they were not able to see exactly what they were not able to see exactly what was done they admired at their great was done they admired at their great was done they admired at their great fortitude and pitied their calamity fortitude and pitied their calamity fortitude and pitied their calamity during this interval a certain person during this interval a certain person during this interval a certain person shot a dart at castor and wounded him in shot a dart at castor and wounded him in shot a dart at castor and wounded him in his nose whereupon he presently pulled his nose whereupon he presently pulled his nose whereupon he presently pulled out the dart and showed it to Titus and out the dart and showed it to Titus and out the dart and showed it to Titus and complained that this was unfair complained that this was unfair complained that this was unfair treatment so Caesar reproved him that treatment so Caesar reproved him that treatment so Caesar reproved him that shot the dart and sent Josephus who then shot the dart and sent Josephus who then shot the dart and sent Josephus who then stood by him to give his right hand to

stood by him to give his right hand to stood by him to give his right hand to cast or but Josephus said that he would cast or but Josephus said that he would cast or but Josephus said that he would not go to him because these pretended not go to him because these pretended not go to him because these pretended petitioners meant nothing that was good petitioners meant nothing that was good petitioners meant nothing that was good he also restrained those friends of his he also restrained those friends of his he also restrained those friends of his who were zealous to go to him but still who were zealous to go to him but still who were zealous to go to him but still there was one Aeneas a deserter who said there was one Aeneas a deserter who said there was one Aeneas a deserter who said he would go to him castor also called to he would go to him castor also called to he would go to him castor also called to them that somebody should come and them that somebody should come and them that somebody should come and receive the money which he had with him receive the money which he had with him receive the money which he had with him this made Aeneas the more earnestly to this made Aeneas the more earnestly to this made Aeneas the more earnestly to run to him with his run to him with his run to him with his who's him open then did cast or take up who's him open then did cast or take up who's him open then did cast or take up a great stone and threw it at him which a great stone and threw it at him which a great stone and threw it at him which missed him because he guarded himself missed him because he guarded himself missed him because he guarded himself against it against it against it but still it wounded another soldier but still it wounded another soldier but still it wounded another soldier that was coming to him that was coming to him that was coming to him when Caesar understood that this was a when Caesar understood that this was a when Caesar understood that this was a delusion he perceived that mercy in war delusion he perceived that mercy in war delusion he perceived that mercy in war is a pernicious thing because such is a pernicious thing because such is a pernicious thing because such cunning tricks have less place under the cunning tricks have less place under the cunning tricks have less place under the exercise of greater severity so he exercise of greater severity so he exercise of greater severity so he caused the engine to work more strongly caused the engine to work more strongly caused the engine to work more strongly than before on account of his anger at than before on account of his anger at than before on account of his anger at the deceits put upon him but caster and the deceits put upon him but caster and the deceits put upon him but caster and his companions set the tower on fire his companions set the tower on fire his companions set the tower on fire when it began to give way and leapt when it began to give way and leapt when it began to give way and leapt through the flame into a hidden vault through the flame into a hidden vault through the flame into a hidden vault that was under it which made the Romans that was under it which made the Romans that was under it which made the Romans further suppose that they were men of further suppose that they were men of further suppose that they were men of great courage as having cast themselves great courage as having cast themselves great courage as having cast themselves into the fire chapter 8 how the Romans into the fire chapter 8 how the Romans into the fire chapter 8 how the Romans took the second wall twice and got all took the second wall twice and got all took the second wall twice and got all ready for taking the third wall one now ready for taking the third wall one now ready for taking the third wall one now Caesar took this wall there on the fifth Caesar took this wall there on the fifth Caesar took this wall there on the fifth day after he had taken the first and day after he had taken the first and day after he had taken the first and when the Jews had fled from him he when the Jews had fled from him he when the Jews had fled from him he entered into it with a thousand armed

entered into it with a thousand armed entered into it with a thousand armed men and those of his choice troops and men and those of his choice troops and men and those of his choice troops and this at a place where the merchants of this at a place where the merchants of this at a place where the merchants of wool the braziers and the market of wool the braziers and the market of wool the braziers and the market of cloth and where the narrow streets led cloth and where the narrow streets led cloth and where the narrow streets led obliquely to the wall wherefore if Titus obliquely to the wall wherefore if Titus obliquely to the wall wherefore if Titus had either demolished a larger part of had either demolished a larger part of had either demolished a larger part of the wall immediately or had come in and the wall immediately or had come in and the wall immediately or had come in and according to the law of war had laid according to the law of war had laid according to the law of war had laid waste what was left his victory would waste what was left his victory would waste what was left his victory would not I suppose have been mixed with any not I suppose have been mixed with any not I suppose have been mixed with any loss to himself but now out of the hope loss to himself but now out of the hope loss to himself but now out of the hope he had that he should make the Jews he had that he should make the Jews he had that he should make the Jews ashamed of their obstinacy by not being ashamed of their obstinacy by not being ashamed of their obstinacy by not being willing when he was able to afflict them willing when he was able to afflict them willing when he was able to afflict them more than he needed to do he did not more than he needed to do he did not more than he needed to do he did not widen the breach of the wall in order to widen the breach of the wall in order to widen the breach of the wall in order to make a safer retreat upon occasion for make a safer retreat upon occasion for make a safer retreat upon occasion for he did not think they would lay snares he did not think they would lay snares he did not think they would lay snares for him that did such a kindness when for him that did such a kindness when for him that did such a kindness when therefore he came in he did not permit therefore he came in he did not permit therefore he came in he did not permit his soldiers to kill any of those they his soldiers to kill any of those they his soldiers to kill any of those they caught nor to set fire to their houses caught nor to set fire to their houses caught nor to set fire to their houses neither nay he gave leave to the neither nay he gave leave to the neither nay he gave leave to the seditious if they had a mind to fight seditious if they had a mind to fight seditious if they had a mind to fight without any harm to the people and without any harm to the people and without any harm to the people and promised to restore the people's effects promised to restore the people's effects promised to restore the people's effects to them for he was very desirous to to them for he was very desirous to to them for he was very desirous to preserve the city for his own sake preserve the city for his own sake preserve the city for his own sake and the temple for the sake of the city and the temple for the sake of the city and the temple for the sake of the city as to the people he had them of a long as to the people he had them of a long as to the people he had them of a long time ready to comply with his proposals time ready to comply with his proposals time ready to comply with his proposals but as to the fighting men this Humanity but as to the fighting men this Humanity but as to the fighting men this Humanity of his seemed a mark of his weakness and of his seemed a mark of his weakness and of his seemed a mark of his weakness and they imagined that he made those they imagined that he made those they imagined that he made those proposals because he was not able to proposals because he was not able to proposals because he was not able to take the rest of the city they also take the rest of the city they also take the rest of the city they also threatened death to the people if they

threatened death to the people if they threatened death to the people if they should any of them say a word about a should any of them say a word about a should any of them say a word about a surrender they moreover cut the throats surrender they moreover cut the throats surrender they moreover cut the throats of such as talked of appease and then of such as talked of appease and then of such as talked of appease and then attacked those Romans that were come attacked those Romans that were come attacked those Romans that were come within the wall some of them they met in within the wall some of them they met in within the wall some of them they met in the narrow streets and some they fought the narrow streets and some they fought the narrow streets and some they fought against from their houses while they against from their houses while they against from their houses while they made a sudden sally out at the upper made a sudden sally out at the upper made a sudden sally out at the upper gates and assaulted such Romans as were gates and assaulted such Romans as were gates and assaulted such Romans as were beyond the wall till those that guarded beyond the wall till those that guarded beyond the wall till those that guarded the wall were so afraid that they leapt the wall were so afraid that they leapt the wall were so afraid that they leapt down from their towers and retired to down from their towers and retired to down from their towers and retired to their several camps upon which a great their several camps upon which a great their several camps upon which a great noise was made by the Romans that were noise was made by the Romans that were noise was made by the Romans that were within because they were encompassed within because they were encompassed within because they were encompassed round on every side by their enemies as round on every side by their enemies as round on every side by their enemies as also by them that were without because also by them that were without because also by them that were without because they were in fear for those that were they were in fear for those that were they were in fear for those that were left in the city thus did the Jews grow left in the city thus did the Jews grow left in the city thus did the Jews grow more numerous perpetually and had great more numerous perpetually and had great more numerous perpetually and had great advantages over the Romans by their full advantages over the Romans by their full advantages over the Romans by their full knowledge of those narrow lanes and they knowledge of those narrow lanes and they knowledge of those narrow lanes and they wounded a great many of them and fell wounded a great many of them and fell wounded a great many of them and fell upon them and drove them out of the city upon them and drove them out of the city upon them and drove them out of the city now these Romans were at present forced now these Romans were at present forced now these Romans were at present forced to make the best resistance they could to make the best resistance they could to make the best resistance they could for they were not able in great numbers for they were not able in great numbers for they were not able in great numbers to get out at the breach in the wall it to get out at the breach in the wall it to get out at the breach in the wall it was so narrow it is also probable that was so narrow it is also probable that was so narrow it is also probable that all those that were gotten within had all those that were gotten within had all those that were gotten within had been cut to pieces if Titus had not sent been cut to pieces if Titus had not sent been cut to pieces if Titus had not sent them suckers for he ordered the archers them suckers for he ordered the archers them suckers for he ordered the archers to stand at the upper ends of those to stand at the upper ends of those to stand at the upper ends of those narrow lanes and he stood himself where narrow lanes and he stood himself where narrow lanes and he stood himself where was the greatest multitude of his was the greatest multitude of his was the greatest multitude of his enemies and with his darts he put a stop enemies and with his darts he put a stop enemies and with his darts he put a stop to them as with him did Domitius Sabinas to them as with him did Domitius Sabinas to them as with him did Domitius Sabinas also a valiant man and one that in this

also a valiant man and one that in this also a valiant man and one that in this battle appeared so to be thus did Caesar battle appeared so to be thus did Caesar battle appeared so to be thus did Caesar continue to shoot darts at the Jews continue to shoot darts at the Jews continue to shoot darts at the Jews continually and to hinder them from continually and to hinder them from continually and to hinder them from coming upon his men and this until all coming upon his men and this until all coming upon his men and this until all his soldiers had retreated out of the his soldiers had retreated out of the his soldiers had retreated out of the city - and thus were the Romans driven city - and thus were the Romans driven city - and thus were the Romans driven out after they had possessed themselves out after they had possessed themselves out after they had possessed themselves of the second while of the second while of the second while whereupon the fighting men that were in whereupon the fighting men that were in whereupon the fighting men that were in the city were lifted up in their minds the city were lifted up in their minds the city were lifted up in their minds and were elevated upon this their good and were elevated upon this their good and were elevated upon this their good success and began to think that the success and began to think that the success and began to think that the Romans would never venture to come into Romans would never venture to come into Romans would never venture to come into the city any more and if they kept the city any more and if they kept the city any more and if they kept within it themselves they should not be within it themselves they should not be within it themselves they should not be any more conquered for God had blinded any more conquered for God had blinded any more conquered for God had blinded their minds for the transgressions they their minds for the transgressions they their minds for the transgressions they had been guilty of nor could they see had been guilty of nor could they see had been guilty of nor could they see how much greater horses the Romans had how much greater horses the Romans had how much greater horses the Romans had than those that were now expelled no than those that were now expelled no than those that were now expelled no more than they could discern how a more than they could discern how a more than they could discern how a famine was creeping upon them for famine was creeping upon them for famine was creeping upon them for hitherto they had fed themselves out of hitherto they had fed themselves out of hitherto they had fed themselves out of the public miseries and drinks the blood the public miseries and drinks the blood the public miseries and drinks the blood of the city but now poverty had for a of the city but now poverty had for a of the city but now poverty had for a long time seized upon the better part long time seized upon the better part long time seized upon the better part and a great many had died already and a great many had died already and a great many had died already for want of necessaries although the for want of necessaries although the for want of necessaries although the seditious indeed supposed to the seditious indeed supposed to the seditious indeed supposed to the destruction of the people to be an destruction of the people to be an destruction of the people to be an easement to themselves for they desired easement to themselves for they desired easement to themselves for they desired that none others might be preserved but that none others might be preserved but that none others might be preserved but such as were against a peace with the such as were against a peace with the such as were against a peace with the Romans and were resolved to live in Romans and were resolved to live in Romans and were resolved to live in opposition to them and they were pleased opposition to them and they were pleased opposition to them and they were pleased when the multitude of those of a when the multitude of those of a when the multitude of those of a contrary opinion were consumed as being contrary opinion were consumed as being contrary opinion were consumed as being then freed from a heavy burden and this then freed from a heavy burden and this then freed from a heavy burden and this was their disposition of mind with

was their disposition of mind with was their disposition of mind with regard to those that were within the regard to those that were within the regard to those that were within the city while they covered themselves with city while they covered themselves with city while they covered themselves with their Armour and prevented the Romans their Armour and prevented the Romans their Armour and prevented the Romans when they were trying to get into the when they were trying to get into the when they were trying to get into the city again and made a wall of their own city again and made a wall of their own city again and made a wall of their own bodies over against that part of the bodies over against that part of the bodies over against that part of the wall that was cast down thus did they wall that was cast down thus did they wall that was cast down thus did they valiantly defend themselves for three valiantly defend themselves for three valiantly defend themselves for three days but on the fourth day they did not days but on the fourth day they did not days but on the fourth day they did not support themselves against the vehement support themselves against the vehement support themselves against the vehement assaults of Titus but were compelled by assaults of Titus but were compelled by assaults of Titus but were compelled by force to fly whether they had fled force to fly whether they had fled force to fly whether they had fled before so he quietly possessed himself before so he quietly possessed himself before so he quietly possessed himself again of that while and demolished it again of that while and demolished it again of that while and demolished it entirely and when he had put a garrison entirely and when he had put a garrison entirely and when he had put a garrison into the towers that were on the South into the towers that were on the South into the towers that were on the South parts of the city he contrived how he parts of the city he contrived how he parts of the city he contrived how he might assault the third wall end of book might assault the third wall end of book might assault the third wall end of book five chapters seven and eight book 5 chapter 9 of the Wars of the Jews book 5 chapter 9 of the Wars of the Jews this is a librivox recording all this is a librivox recording all this is a librivox recording all librivox recordings are in the public librivox recordings are in the public librivox recordings are in the public domain for more information or to domain for more information or to domain for more information or to volunteer please visit librivox.org the volunteer please visit librivox.org the volunteer please visit librivox.org the Wars of the Jews by Josephus translated Wars of the Jews by Josephus translated Wars of the Jews by Josephus translated by William Weston chapter 9 Titus when by William Weston chapter 9 Titus when by William Weston chapter 9 Titus when the Jews were not at all mollified by the Jews were not at all mollified by the Jews were not at all mollified by his leaving off the siege for a while his leaving off the siege for a while his leaving off the siege for a while set himself again to prosecute the same set himself again to prosecute the same set himself again to prosecute the same but soon sent Josephus to discourse with but soon sent Josephus to discourse with but soon sent Josephus to discourse with his own countrymen about peace won a his own countrymen about peace won a his own countrymen about peace won a resolution was now taken by Titus to resolution was now taken by Titus to resolution was now taken by Titus to relax the siege for a little while and

relax the siege for a little while and relax the siege for a little while and to afford the seditious and interval for to afford the seditious and interval for to afford the seditious and interval for consideration and to see whether the consideration and to see whether the consideration and to see whether the demolishing of their second Wow would demolishing of their second Wow would demolishing of their second Wow would not make them a little more compliant or not make them a little more compliant or not make them a little more compliant or whether they were not somewhat afraid of whether they were not somewhat afraid of whether they were not somewhat afraid of a famine because the spoils they had a famine because the spoils they had a famine because the spoils they had gotten by rapine would not be sufficient gotten by rapine would not be sufficient gotten by rapine would not be sufficient for them long so he made use of this for them long so he made use of this for them long so he made use of this relaxation in order to compass his own relaxation in order to compass his own relaxation in order to compass his own designs accordingly as the usual designs accordingly as the usual designs accordingly as the usual appointed time when he must distribute appointed time when he must distribute appointed time when he must distribute subsistence money to the soldiers was subsistence money to the soldiers was subsistence money to the soldiers was now come he gave orders that the now come he gave orders that the now come he gave orders that the commanders should put the army into commanders should put the army into commanders should put the army into battle array in the face of the enemy battle array in the face of the enemy battle array in the face of the enemy and then give every one of the soldiers and then give every one of the soldiers and then give every one of the soldiers their pay so the soldiers according to their pay so the soldiers according to their pay so the soldiers according to custom open to the cases where in their custom open to the cases where in their custom open to the cases where in their arms before lay covered and marched with arms before lay covered and marched with arms before lay covered and marched with their breastplates on as did the horse their breastplates on as did the horse their breastplates on as did the horse men lead their horses in their fine men lead their horses in their fine men lead their horses in their fine trappings then did the places that were trappings then did the places that were trappings then did the places that were before the city shine very splendidly before the city shine very splendidly before the city shine very splendidly for a great way nor was there anything for a great way nor was there anything for a great way nor was there anything so grateful to Titus's own men or so so grateful to Titus's own men or so so grateful to Titus's own men or so terrible to the enemy as that sight for terrible to the enemy as that sight for terrible to the enemy as that sight for the whole old wall in the north side of the whole old wall in the north side of the whole old wall in the north side of the temple were full of spectators and the temple were full of spectators and the temple were full of spectators and one might see the houses full of such as one might see the houses full of such as one might see the houses full of such as looked at them nor was there any part of looked at them nor was there any part of looked at them nor was there any part of the city which was not covered over with the city which was not covered over with the city which was not covered over with their multitudes nay a very great their multitudes nay a very great their multitudes nay a very great consternation seized upon the hardiest consternation seized upon the hardiest consternation seized upon the hardiest of the Jews themselves when they saw all of the Jews themselves when they saw all of the Jews themselves when they saw all the army in the same place together with the army in the same place together with the army in the same place together with the finest of their arms and the good the finest of their arms and the good the finest of their arms and the good order of their men and I cannot but

order of their men and I cannot but order of their men and I cannot but think that the sedition think that the sedition think that the sedition would have changed their minds at that would have changed their minds at that would have changed their minds at that site unless the crimes they had site unless the crimes they had site unless the crimes they had committed against the people had been so committed against the people had been so committed against the people had been so horrid that they despaired of horrid that they despaired of horrid that they despaired of forgiveness from the Romans but as they forgiveness from the Romans but as they forgiveness from the Romans but as they believed death with torments must be believed death with torments must be believed death with torments must be their punishment if they did not go on their punishment if they did not go on their punishment if they did not go on in the defense of the city they thought in the defense of the city they thought in the defense of the city they thought it much better to die in war fate also it much better to die in war fate also it much better to die in war fate also prevailed so far over them that the prevailed so far over them that the prevailed so far over them that the innocent were to perish with the guilty innocent were to perish with the guilty innocent were to perish with the guilty and the city was to be destroyed with and the city was to be destroyed with and the city was to be destroyed with the seditious that were in it too the seditious that were in it too the seditious that were in it too thus did the Romans spent four days in thus did the Romans spent four days in thus did the Romans spent four days in bringing the subsistence money to the bringing the subsistence money to the bringing the subsistence money to the several legions but on the fifth day several legions but on the fifth day several legions but on the fifth day when no signs of peace appeared to come when no signs of peace appeared to come when no signs of peace appeared to come from the Jews from the Jews from the Jews Titus divided his legions and began to Titus divided his legions and began to Titus divided his legions and began to raise banks both at the Tower of Antonia raise banks both at the Tower of Antonia raise banks both at the Tower of Antonia and at John's monument now his designs and at John's monument now his designs and at John's monument now his designs were to take the upper City at that were to take the upper City at that were to take the upper City at that Monument and the temple at the Tower of Monument and the temple at the Tower of Monument and the temple at the Tower of Antonia for if the temple were not taken Antonia for if the temple were not taken Antonia for if the temple were not taken it would be dangerous to keep the city it would be dangerous to keep the city it would be dangerous to keep the city itself so at each of these parts he itself so at each of these parts he itself so at each of these parts he raised him banks each Legion raising one raised him banks each Legion raising one raised him banks each Legion raising one as for those that rot at John's monument as for those that rot at John's monument as for those that rot at John's monument the I do me ins and those that were in the I do me ins and those that were in the I do me ins and those that were in arms with Simon made sally's upon them arms with Simon made sally's upon them arms with Simon made sally's upon them and put some stop to them while John's and put some stop to them while John's and put some stop to them while John's party and the multitude of zealots with party and the multitude of zealots with party and the multitude of zealots with them did the like to those that were them did the like to those that were them did the like to those that were before the Tower of Antonia these Jews before the Tower of Antonia these Jews before the Tower of Antonia these Jews were now too hard for the Romans not were now too hard for the Romans not were now too hard for the Romans not only in direct fighting because they only in direct fighting because they only in direct fighting because they stood upon the higher ground but because

stood upon the higher ground but because stood upon the higher ground but because they had now learned to use their own they had now learned to use their own they had now learned to use their own engines for their continual use of them engines for their continual use of them engines for their continual use of them one day after another did by degrees one day after another did by degrees one day after another did by degrees improve their skill about them four of improve their skill about them four of improve their skill about them four of one sort of engines for Dartz they had one sort of engines for Dartz they had one sort of engines for Dartz they had 344 stones by the means of which they 344 stones by the means of which they 344 stones by the means of which they made it more tedious for the Romans to made it more tedious for the Romans to made it more tedious for the Romans to raise their banks but then Titus knowing raise their banks but then Titus knowing raise their banks but then Titus knowing that the city would be either saved or that the city would be either saved or that the city would be either saved or destroyed for himself did not only destroyed for himself did not only destroyed for himself did not only proceed earnestly in the siege but did proceed earnestly in the siege but did proceed earnestly in the siege but did not omit to have the Jews exhorted to not omit to have the Jews exhorted to not omit to have the Jews exhorted to repentance so he mixed Good Counsel with repentance so he mixed Good Counsel with repentance so he mixed Good Counsel with his works for the siege and being his works for the siege and being his works for the siege and being sensible that exhortation --zz were sensible that exhortation --zz were sensible that exhortation --zz were frequently more effectual than arms he frequently more effectual than arms he frequently more effectual than arms he persuaded them to surrender persuaded them to surrender persuaded them to surrender the city now in a manner already taken the city now in a manner already taken the city now in a manner already taken and thereby to save themselves and sent and thereby to save themselves and sent and thereby to save themselves and sent Josephus to speak to them in their own Josephus to speak to them in their own Josephus to speak to them in their own language for he imagined they might language for he imagined they might language for he imagined they might yield to the persuasion of a countryman yield to the persuasion of a countryman yield to the persuasion of a countryman of their own three so Josephus went of their own three so Josephus went of their own three so Josephus went round about the wall and tried to find a round about the wall and tried to find a round about the wall and tried to find a place that was out of the reach of their place that was out of the reach of their place that was out of the reach of their darts and yet within their hearing and darts and yet within their hearing and darts and yet within their hearing and besought them in many words to spare besought them in many words to spare besought them in many words to spare themselves to spare their country in themselves to spare their country in themselves to spare their country in their temple and not to be more obdurate their temple and not to be more obdurate their temple and not to be more obdurate in these cases than foreigners in these cases than foreigners in these cases than foreigners themselves for that the Romans who had themselves for that the Romans who had themselves for that the Romans who had no relation to these things had a no relation to these things had a no relation to these things had a reverence for their sacred rites and reverence for their sacred rites and reverence for their sacred rites and places although they belonged to their places although they belonged to their places although they belonged to their enemies and had till now kept their enemies and had till now kept their enemies and had till now kept their hands off from meddling with them while

hands off from meddling with them while hands off from meddling with them while such as were brought up under them and such as were brought up under them and such as were brought up under them and if they be preserved we'll be the only if they be preserved we'll be the only if they be preserved we'll be the only people that will reap the benefit of people that will reap the benefit of people that will reap the benefit of them hurry on to have them destroyed them hurry on to have them destroyed them hurry on to have them destroyed that certainly they have seen their that certainly they have seen their that certainly they have seen their strongest walls demolished and that the strongest walls demolished and that the strongest walls demolished and that the while still remaining was weaker than while still remaining was weaker than while still remaining was weaker than those that were already taken that they those that were already taken that they those that were already taken that they must know the Roman power was invincible must know the Roman power was invincible must know the Roman power was invincible and that they had been used to serve and that they had been used to serve and that they had been used to serve them for that in case it be allowed a them for that in case it be allowed a them for that in case it be allowed a right thing to fight for liberty that right thing to fight for liberty that right thing to fight for liberty that ought to have been done at first but for ought to have been done at first but for ought to have been done at first but for them that have once fallen under the them that have once fallen under the them that have once fallen under the power of the Romans and have now power of the Romans and have now power of the Romans and have now submitted to them for so many long years submitted to them for so many long years submitted to them for so many long years to pretend to shake off that yoke to pretend to shake off that yoke to pretend to shake off that yoke afterward was the work of such as had afterward was the work of such as had afterward was the work of such as had mind to die miserably not of such as mind to die miserably not of such as mind to die miserably not of such as were lovers of Liberty besides men may were lovers of Liberty besides men may were lovers of Liberty besides men may well enough grudge at the dishonor of well enough grudge at the dishonor of well enough grudge at the dishonor of owning ignoble masters over them but not owning ignoble masters over them but not owning ignoble masters over them but not to do so to those who have all things to do so to those who have all things to do so to those who have all things under their command for what part of the under their command for what part of the under their command for what part of the world is there that hath escaped the world is there that hath escaped the world is there that hath escaped the Romans unless it be such as are of no Romans unless it be such as are of no Romans unless it be such as are of no use for violent heat or her violent use for violent heat or her violent use for violent heat or her violent called and evident it is that fortune is called and evident it is that fortune is called and evident it is that fortune is on all hands gone over to them and that on all hands gone over to them and that on all hands gone over to them and that God when he had gone round the nations God when he had gone round the nations God when he had gone round the nations with this Dominion is now settled in with this Dominion is now settled in with this Dominion is now settled in Italy that moreover it is a strong and Italy that moreover it is a strong and Italy that moreover it is a strong and fixed law even among brute beasts as fixed law even among brute beasts as fixed law even among brute beasts as well as among men to yield to those that well as among men to yield to those that well as among men to yield to those that are too strong for them are too strong for them are too strong for them and to suffer those who have the and to suffer those who have the and to suffer those who have the Dominion who are too hard for the rest Dominion who are too hard for the rest Dominion who are too hard for the rest in war for which reason it was that

in war for which reason it was that in war for which reason it was that their forefathers who were far superior their forefathers who were far superior their forefathers who were far superior to them both in their souls and bodies to them both in their souls and bodies to them both in their souls and bodies and other advantages did yet submit to and other advantages did yet submit to and other advantages did yet submit to the Romans which they would not have the Romans which they would not have the Romans which they would not have suffered had they not known that God was suffered had they not known that God was suffered had they not known that God was with them as for themselves what can with them as for themselves what can with them as for themselves what can they depend on in this their opposition they depend on in this their opposition they depend on in this their opposition when the greatest part of their city is when the greatest part of their city is when the greatest part of their city is already taken and when those that are already taken and when those that are already taken and when those that are within it are under greater miseries within it are under greater miseries within it are under greater miseries than if they were taken although their than if they were taken although their than if they were taken although their whilst be still standing for that the whilst be still standing for that the whilst be still standing for that the Romans are not unacquainted with that Romans are not unacquainted with that Romans are not unacquainted with that famine which is in the city whereby the famine which is in the city whereby the famine which is in the city whereby the people are already consumed and the people are already consumed and the people are already consumed and the fighting men will in a little time be so fighting men will in a little time be so fighting men will in a little time be so - for although the Romans should leave - for although the Romans should leave - for although the Romans should leave off the siege and not fall upon the city off the siege and not fall upon the city off the siege and not fall upon the city with their swords in their hands yet was with their swords in their hands yet was with their swords in their hands yet was there an insuperable war that beset them there an insuperable war that beset them there an insuperable war that beset them within and was augmented every hour within and was augmented every hour within and was augmented every hour unless they were able to wage war with unless they were able to wage war with unless they were able to wage war with famine and fight against it or could famine and fight against it or could famine and fight against it or could alone conquer their natural appetites he alone conquer their natural appetites he alone conquer their natural appetites he added this further how right a thing it added this further how right a thing it added this further how right a thing it was to change their conduct before their was to change their conduct before their was to change their conduct before their calamities were becoming curable and to calamities were becoming curable and to calamities were becoming curable and to have recourse to such advice as might have recourse to such advice as might have recourse to such advice as might preserve them while opportunity was preserve them while opportunity was preserve them while opportunity was offered them for so doing for that the offered them for so doing for that the offered them for so doing for that the Romans would not be mindful of their Romans would not be mindful of their Romans would not be mindful of their past actions to their disadvantage past actions to their disadvantage past actions to their disadvantage unless they persevered in their indolent unless they persevered in their indolent unless they persevered in their indolent behavior to the end because they were behavior to the end because they were behavior to the end because they were naturally mild in their conquests and naturally mild in their conquests and naturally mild in their conquests and preferred what was profitable before preferred what was profitable before preferred what was profitable before what their passions dictated to them what their passions dictated to them what their passions dictated to them which prophet of theirs lay not in

which prophet of theirs lay not in which prophet of theirs lay not in leaving the city empty of inhabitants leaving the city empty of inhabitants leaving the city empty of inhabitants nor the country a desert on which nor the country a desert on which nor the country a desert on which account Caesar did now offer them his account Caesar did now offer them his account Caesar did now offer them his right hand for their security where as right hand for their security where as right hand for their security where as if he took the city by forest he would if he took the city by forest he would if he took the city by forest he would not save any of them and this especially not save any of them and this especially not save any of them and this especially if they rejected his offers in these if they rejected his offers in these if they rejected his offers in these their utmost de-stresses for the walls their utmost de-stresses for the walls their utmost de-stresses for the walls that were already taken could not but that were already taken could not but that were already taken could not but assure them that the third wall would assure them that the third wall would assure them that the third wall would quickly be taken also and though their quickly be taken also and though their quickly be taken also and though their fortifications should prove too strong fortifications should prove too strong fortifications should prove too strong for the Romans to break through them yet for the Romans to break through them yet for the Romans to break through them yet would the famine fight for the Romans would the famine fight for the Romans would the famine fight for the Romans against them against them against them for while Josephus was making this for while Josephus was making this for while Josephus was making this exhortation to the Jews many of them exhortation to the Jews many of them exhortation to the Jews many of them jested upon him from the wall and many jested upon him from the wall and many jested upon him from the wall and many reproached him nay some threw their reproached him nay some threw their reproached him nay some threw their darts at him but when he could not darts at him but when he could not darts at him but when he could not himself persuade them by such open good himself persuade them by such open good himself persuade them by such open good advice he B took himself to the advice he B took himself to the advice he B took himself to the histories belonging to their own nation histories belonging to their own nation histories belonging to their own nation and cried out aloud quote o miserable and cried out aloud quote o miserable and cried out aloud quote o miserable creatures are you so unmindful of those creatures are you so unmindful of those creatures are you so unmindful of those that used to assist you that you will that used to assist you that you will that used to assist you that you will fight by your weapons and by your hands fight by your weapons and by your hands fight by your weapons and by your hands against the Romans when did we ever against the Romans when did we ever against the Romans when did we ever conquer any other nation by such means conquer any other nation by such means conquer any other nation by such means and when was it that God who is the and when was it that God who is the and when was it that God who is the creator of the Jewish people did not creator of the Jewish people did not creator of the Jewish people did not avenge them when they had been injured avenge them when they had been injured avenge them when they had been injured will not you turn again and look back will not you turn again and look back will not you turn again and look back and consider once it is that you fight and consider once it is that you fight and consider once it is that you fight with such violence and how great a with such violence and how great a with such violence and how great a supporter you have profanely abused will supporter you have profanely abused will supporter you have profanely abused will you not recall to mind the prodigious you not recall to mind the prodigious you not recall to mind the prodigious things done for your forefathers and

things done for your forefathers and things done for your forefathers and this holy place and how great enemies of this holy place and how great enemies of this holy place and how great enemies of yours were by him subdued under you yours were by him subdued under you yours were by him subdued under you I even tremble myself in declaring the I even tremble myself in declaring the I even tremble myself in declaring the works of God before your ears that are works of God before your ears that are works of God before your ears that are unworthy to hear them however hearken to unworthy to hear them however hearken to unworthy to hear them however hearken to me that you may be informed how you me that you may be informed how you me that you may be informed how you fight not only against the Romans but fight not only against the Romans but fight not only against the Romans but against God himself in old times there against God himself in old times there against God himself in old times there was one nação king of Egypt who was also was one nação king of Egypt who was also was one nação king of Egypt who was also called Pharaoh he came with a prodigious called Pharaoh he came with a prodigious called Pharaoh he came with a prodigious army of soldiers and seized Queen Sarah army of soldiers and seized Queen Sarah army of soldiers and seized Queen Sarah the mother of our nation what did the mother of our nation what did the mother of our nation what did Abraham our progenitor than do did he Abraham our progenitor than do did he Abraham our progenitor than do did he defend himself from this injurious defend himself from this injurious defend himself from this injurious person by war although he had 318 person by war although he had 318 person by war although he had 318 captains under him and an immense army captains under him and an immense army captains under him and an immense army under each of them indeed he deemed them under each of them indeed he deemed them under each of them indeed he deemed them to be no number at all without God's to be no number at all without God's to be no number at all without God's assistance and only spread out his hands assistance and only spread out his hands assistance and only spread out his hands toward this holy place which you have toward this holy place which you have toward this holy place which you have now polluted and reckoned upon him as now polluted and reckoned upon him as now polluted and reckoned upon him as upon his invincible supporter instead of upon his invincible supporter instead of upon his invincible supporter instead of his own army was not our queen sent back his own army was not our queen sent back his own army was not our queen sent back without any defilement to her husband without any defilement to her husband without any defilement to her husband the very next evening while the king of the very next evening while the king of the very next evening while the king of Egypt fled away adoring this place which Egypt fled away adoring this place which Egypt fled away adoring this place which you have defiled by shedding there on you have defiled by shedding there on you have defiled by shedding there on the blood of your own countrymen and he the blood of your own countrymen and he the blood of your own countrymen and he also trembled at those visions which he also trembled at those visions which he also trembled at those visions which he saw in the night saw in the night saw in the night and bestowed both silver and gold on the and bestowed both silver and gold on the and bestowed both silver and gold on the Hebrews as on a people beloved by God Hebrews as on a people beloved by God Hebrews as on a people beloved by God footnote Josephus opposes in this his footnote Josephus opposes in this his footnote Josephus opposes in this his admirable speech to the Jews that not admirable speech to the Jews that not admirable speech to the Jews that not Abraham only but Pharaoh king of Egypt

Abraham only but Pharaoh king of Egypt Abraham only but Pharaoh king of Egypt prayed towards a temple at Jerusalem or prayed towards a temple at Jerusalem or prayed towards a temple at Jerusalem or towards Jerusalem itself in which were towards Jerusalem itself in which were towards Jerusalem itself in which were Mount Zion and Mount Moriah on which the Mount Zion and Mount Moriah on which the Mount Zion and Mount Moriah on which the tabernacle and temple did afterwards tabernacle and temple did afterwards tabernacle and temple did afterwards stand in this long before either the stand in this long before either the stand in this long before either the Jewish tabernacle or temple were built Jewish tabernacle or temple were built Jewish tabernacle or temple were built nor is the famous command given by God nor is the famous command given by God nor is the famous command given by God to Abraham to go two or three days to Abraham to go two or three days to Abraham to go two or three days journey on purpose to offer up his son journey on purpose to offer up his son journey on purpose to offer up his son Isaac their unfavorable to such a notion Isaac their unfavorable to such a notion Isaac their unfavorable to such a notion and footnote shall I say nothing or and footnote shall I say nothing or and footnote shall I say nothing or shall I mention the removal of our shall I mention the removal of our shall I mention the removal of our fathers into Egypt who when they were fathers into Egypt who when they were fathers into Egypt who when they were used tyrannically and were fallen under used tyrannically and were fallen under used tyrannically and were fallen under the power of foreign kings for 400 years the power of foreign kings for 400 years the power of foreign kings for 400 years together and might have defended together and might have defended together and might have defended themselves by war and by fighting yet to themselves by war and by fighting yet to themselves by war and by fighting yet to do nothing but commit themselves to God do nothing but commit themselves to God do nothing but commit themselves to God who is there that does not know that who is there that does not know that who is there that does not know that Egypt was overrun with all sorts of wild Egypt was overrun with all sorts of wild Egypt was overrun with all sorts of wild beasts and consumed by all sorts of beasts and consumed by all sorts of beasts and consumed by all sorts of distempers how their land did not bring distempers how their land did not bring distempers how their land did not bring forth its fruit how the Nile failed of forth its fruit how the Nile failed of forth its fruit how the Nile failed of water and how the ten plagues of Egypt water and how the ten plagues of Egypt water and how the ten plagues of Egypt followed one upon another and how by followed one upon another and how by followed one upon another and how by those means our fathers were sent away those means our fathers were sent away those means our fathers were sent away under a guard without any bloodshed and under a guard without any bloodshed and under a guard without any bloodshed and without running any dangers because God without running any dangers because God without running any dangers because God conducted them as his peculiar servants conducted them as his peculiar servants conducted them as his peculiar servants moreover did not Palestine grown under moreover did not Palestine grown under moreover did not Palestine grown under the ravage the Assyrians made when they the ravage the Assyrians made when they the ravage the Assyrians made when they carried away our sacred art as did their carried away our sacred art as did their carried away our sacred art as did their Idol Dagon and as also did that entire Idol Dagon and as also did that entire Idol Dagon and as also did that entire nation of those that carried it away how nation of those that carried it away how nation of those that carried it away how they were smitten with a loathsome

they were smitten with a loathsome they were smitten with a loathsome distemper in the secret parts of their distemper in the secret parts of their distemper in the secret parts of their bodies when their very bowels came down bodies when their very bowels came down bodies when their very bowels came down together with what they had eaten till together with what they had eaten till together with what they had eaten till those hands that stole it away were those hands that stole it away were those hands that stole it away were obliged to bring it back again and what obliged to bring it back again and what obliged to bring it back again and what with the sound of symbols and timbrels with the sound of symbols and timbrels with the sound of symbols and timbrels and other oblations in order to appease and other oblations in order to appease and other oblations in order to appease the anger of God for their violation of the anger of God for their violation of the anger of God for their violation of his holy art footnote note here that his holy art footnote note here that his holy art footnote note here that Josephus in this his same admirable Josephus in this his same admirable Josephus in this his same admirable speech caused the Syrians nay even the speech caused the Syrians nay even the speech caused the Syrians nay even the Philistines Philistines Philistines the most south part of Syria Assyrians the most south part of Syria Assyrians the most south part of Syria Assyrians which real and observes as what was which real and observes as what was which real and observes as what was common among the ancient writers note common among the ancient writers note common among the ancient writers note also that Josephus might well put the also that Josephus might well put the also that Josephus might well put the Jews in mind as he does here more than Jews in mind as he does here more than Jews in mind as he does here more than once of their wonderful and truly once of their wonderful and truly once of their wonderful and truly miraculous deliverance from Sennacherib miraculous deliverance from Sennacherib miraculous deliverance from Sennacherib king of Assyria while the Roman army and king of Assyria while the Roman army and king of Assyria while the Roman army and himself with them were now encamped upon himself with them were now encamped upon himself with them were now encamped upon and beyond that very spot of ground were and beyond that very spot of ground were and beyond that very spot of ground were the Assyrian army lay seven hundred and the Assyrian army lay seven hundred and the Assyrian army lay seven hundred and eighty years before and which retained eighty years before and which retained eighty years before and which retained the very name of the camp of the the very name of the camp of the the very name of the camp of the Assyrians to that very day and footnote Assyrians to that very day and footnote Assyrians to that very day and footnote it was God who then became our general it was God who then became our general it was God who then became our general and accomplished these great things for and accomplished these great things for and accomplished these great things for our fathers and this because they did our fathers and this because they did our fathers and this because they did not meddle with war and fighting but not meddle with war and fighting but not meddle with war and fighting but committed it to him to judge about their committed it to him to judge about their committed it to him to judge about their affairs when Sennacherib king of Assyria affairs when Sennacherib king of Assyria affairs when Sennacherib king of Assyria brought along with him all Asia and brought along with him all Asia and brought along with him all Asia and encompassed the city round with his army encompassed the city round with his army encompassed the city round with his army did he fall by the hands of men were not did he fall by the hands of men were not did he fall by the hands of men were not those hands lifted up to God in prayers those hands lifted up to God in prayers those hands lifted up to God in prayers without meddling with their arms when an

without meddling with their arms when an without meddling with their arms when an angel of God destroyed that prodigiously angel of God destroyed that prodigiously angel of God destroyed that prodigiously in one night when the assyrian king as in one night when the assyrian king as in one night when the assyrian king as he rose the next day found a hundred he rose the next day found a hundred he rose the next day found a hundred fourscore and five thousand dead bodies fourscore and five thousand dead bodies fourscore and five thousand dead bodies and when he with the remainder of his and when he with the remainder of his and when he with the remainder of his army fled away from the Hebrews though army fled away from the Hebrews though army fled away from the Hebrews though they were unarmed and did not pursue they were unarmed and did not pursue they were unarmed and did not pursue them you are also acquainted with the them you are also acquainted with the them you are also acquainted with the slavery we were under at Babylon where slavery we were under at Babylon where slavery we were under at Babylon where the people were captives for seventy the people were captives for seventy the people were captives for seventy years yet were they not delivered into years yet were they not delivered into years yet were they not delivered into freedom again before God made Cyrus his freedom again before God made Cyrus his freedom again before God made Cyrus his gracious instrument in bringing it about gracious instrument in bringing it about gracious instrument in bringing it about accordingly they were set free by him accordingly they were set free by him accordingly they were set free by him and did again restore the worship of and did again restore the worship of and did again restore the worship of their deliverer at his temple and to their deliverer at his temple and to their deliverer at his temple and to speak in general we can produce no speak in general we can produce no speak in general we can produce no example wherein our fathers got any example wherein our fathers got any example wherein our fathers got any success by war or failed of success when success by war or failed of success when success by war or failed of success when without war they committed themselves to without war they committed themselves to without war they committed themselves to God when they stayed at home they God when they stayed at home they God when they stayed at home they conquered as pleased their judge but conquered as pleased their judge but conquered as pleased their judge but when they went out to fight they were when they went out to fight they were when they went out to fight they were always disappointed for example when the always disappointed for example when the always disappointed for example when the king of Babylon besieged this very city king of Babylon besieged this very city king of Babylon besieged this very city and their King Zedekiah fought against and their King Zedekiah fought against and their King Zedekiah fought against him contrary to what predictions were him contrary to what predictions were him contrary to what predictions were made to him by Jeremiah the Prophet made to him by Jeremiah the Prophet made to him by Jeremiah the Prophet he was at once taken prisoner and saw he was at once taken prisoner and saw he was at once taken prisoner and saw the city in the temple demolished yet the city in the temple demolished yet the city in the temple demolished yet how much greater was the moderation of how much greater was the moderation of how much greater was the moderation of that king then is that of your present that king then is that of your present that king then is that of your present governors and that of the people then governors and that of the people then governors and that of the people then under him than is that of you at this under him than is that of you at this under him than is that of you at this time for when Jeremiah cried out aloud time for when Jeremiah cried out aloud time for when Jeremiah cried out aloud how very angry God was at them because how very angry God was at them because how very angry God was at them because of their transgressions and told them

of their transgressions and told them of their transgressions and told them they should be taken prisoners unless they should be taken prisoners unless they should be taken prisoners unless they would surrender up their City they would surrender up their City they would surrender up their City neither did the king nor the people put neither did the king nor the people put neither did the king nor the people put him to death him to death him to death but for you to pass over what you have but for you to pass over what you have but for you to pass over what you have done within the city which I am NOT able done within the city which I am NOT able done within the city which I am NOT able to describe as your wickedness deserves to describe as your wickedness deserves to describe as your wickedness deserves you abused me and throw darts at me who you abused me and throw darts at me who you abused me and throw darts at me who only exhort you to save yourselves as only exhort you to save yourselves as only exhort you to save yourselves as being provoked when you are put in mind being provoked when you are put in mind being provoked when you are put in mind of your sins and cannot bear the very of your sins and cannot bear the very of your sins and cannot bear the very mention of those crimes which you mention of those crimes which you mention of those crimes which you everyday perpetrate for another example everyday perpetrate for another example everyday perpetrate for another example when Antiochus who was called Epiphanes when Antiochus who was called Epiphanes when Antiochus who was called Epiphanes lay before the city and had been guilty lay before the city and had been guilty lay before the city and had been guilty of many indignities against God and our of many indignities against God and our of many indignities against God and our forefathers met him in arms they then forefathers met him in arms they then forefathers met him in arms they then were slain in the battle the city was were slain in the battle the city was were slain in the battle the city was plundered by our enemies and our plundered by our enemies and our plundered by our enemies and our sanctuary made desolate for three years sanctuary made desolate for three years sanctuary made desolate for three years and six months and what need I bring any and six months and what need I bring any and six months and what need I bring any more examples more examples more examples indeed what can it be that hath stirred indeed what can it be that hath stirred indeed what can it be that hath stirred up an army of the Romans against our up an army of the Romans against our up an army of the Romans against our nation is it not the impiety of the nation is it not the impiety of the nation is it not the impiety of the inhabitants whence did our servitude inhabitants whence did our servitude inhabitants whence did our servitude commence was it not derived from the commence was it not derived from the commence was it not derived from the seditions that were among our seditions that were among our seditions that were among our forefathers when the madness of forefathers when the madness of forefathers when the madness of Aristotle is in here canis and our Aristotle is in here canis and our Aristotle is in here canis and our mutual quarrels brought Pompey upon this mutual quarrels brought Pompey upon this mutual quarrels brought Pompey upon this city city city and when God reduced those under and when God reduced those under and when God reduced those under subjection to the Romans who were subjection to the Romans who were subjection to the Romans who were unworthy of the Liberty they had enjoyed unworthy of the Liberty they had enjoyed unworthy of the Liberty they had enjoyed after a siege therefore of three months after a siege therefore of three months after a siege therefore of three months they were forced to surrender themselves they were forced to surrender themselves they were forced to surrender themselves although they had not been guilty of although they had not been guilty of although they had not been guilty of such offenses with regard to our such offenses with regard to our such offenses with regard to our sanctuary and our laws as you have and

sanctuary and our laws as you have and sanctuary and our laws as you have and this while they had much greater this while they had much greater this while they had much greater advantages to go to war than you have do advantages to go to war than you have do advantages to go to war than you have do not we know what end not we know what end not we know what end Antigonus the son of Ariston lists came Antigonus the son of Ariston lists came Antigonus the son of Ariston lists came to under whose reign got provided that to under whose reign got provided that to under whose reign got provided that this city should be taken again upon this city should be taken again upon this city should be taken again upon account of the people's offenses when account of the people's offenses when account of the people's offenses when Herod the son of Antep adder brought Herod the son of Antep adder brought Herod the son of Antep adder brought upon associates upon associates upon associates so sheís brought upon us the Roman army so sheís brought upon us the Roman army so sheís brought upon us the Roman army they were then encompassed and besieged they were then encompassed and besieged they were then encompassed and besieged for six months till as a punishment for for six months till as a punishment for for six months till as a punishment for their sins they were taken and the city their sins they were taken and the city their sins they were taken and the city was plundered by the enemy was plundered by the enemy was plundered by the enemy thus it appears that arms were never thus it appears that arms were never thus it appears that arms were never given to our nation but that we are given to our nation but that we are given to our nation but that we are always given up to be fought against and always given up to be fought against and always given up to be fought against and to be taken for I suppose that such as to be taken for I suppose that such as to be taken for I suppose that such as inhabit this holy place ought to commit inhabit this holy place ought to commit inhabit this holy place ought to commit the disposal of all things to God and the disposal of all things to God and the disposal of all things to God and then only to disregard the assistance of then only to disregard the assistance of then only to disregard the assistance of men when they resign themselves up to men when they resign themselves up to men when they resign themselves up to their arbitrator who is above as for you their arbitrator who is above as for you their arbitrator who is above as for you what have you done of those things that what have you done of those things that what have you done of those things that are recommended by our legislature and are recommended by our legislature and are recommended by our legislature and what have you not done of those things what have you not done of those things what have you not done of those things that he hath condemned that he hath condemned that he hath condemned how much more impious are you than those how much more impious are you than those how much more impious are you than those who were so quickly taken you have not who were so quickly taken you have not who were so quickly taken you have not avoided so much as those sins that are avoided so much as those sins that are avoided so much as those sins that are usually done in secret usually done in secret usually done in secret I mean thefts and treacherous plots I mean thefts and treacherous plots I mean thefts and treacherous plots against men and adulteries you are against men and adulteries you are against men and adulteries you are quarreling about rep Ines and murders quarreling about rep Ines and murders quarreling about rep Ines and murders and invent strange ways of wickedness and invent strange ways of wickedness and invent strange ways of wickedness nay the temple itself has become the nay the temple itself has become the nay the temple itself has become the receptacle of awe and this divine place receptacle of awe and this divine place receptacle of awe and this divine place is polluted by the hands of those of our is polluted by the hands of those of our is polluted by the hands of those of our own country which place hath yet been

own country which place hath yet been own country which place hath yet been reverenced by the Romans when it was at reverenced by the Romans when it was at reverenced by the Romans when it was at a distance from them when they have a distance from them when they have a distance from them when they have suffered many of their own customs to suffered many of their own customs to suffered many of their own customs to give place to our law and after all this give place to our law and after all this give place to our law and after all this do you expect him whom you have so do you expect him whom you have so do you expect him whom you have so impiously abused to be your supporter to impiously abused to be your supporter to impiously abused to be your supporter to be sure then you have a right to be be sure then you have a right to be be sure then you have a right to be petitioners and to call upon him to petitioners and to call upon him to petitioners and to call upon him to assist you so pure are your hands did assist you so pure are your hands did assist you so pure are your hands did your king hezekiah lift up such hands in your king hezekiah lift up such hands in your king hezekiah lift up such hands in prayer to God against the king of prayer to God against the king of prayer to God against the king of Assyria when he destroyed that great Assyria when he destroyed that great Assyria when he destroyed that great army in one night and do the Romans army in one night and do the Romans army in one night and do the Romans commit such wickedness as did the king commit such wickedness as did the king commit such wickedness as did the king of Assyria that you may have reason to of Assyria that you may have reason to of Assyria that you may have reason to hope for the light vengeance upon them hope for the light vengeance upon them hope for the light vengeance upon them did not that King accept of money from did not that King accept of money from did not that King accept of money from our King on this condition that he our King on this condition that he our King on this condition that he should not destroy the city and yet should not destroy the city and yet should not destroy the city and yet contrary to the oath he had taken he contrary to the oath he had taken he contrary to the oath he had taken he came down to burn the temple while the came down to burn the temple while the came down to burn the temple while the Romans do demand no more than that a Romans do demand no more than that a Romans do demand no more than that a customs tribute which our fathers paid customs tribute which our fathers paid customs tribute which our fathers paid to their fathers and if they may but to their fathers and if they may but to their fathers and if they may but once obtained that they neither aim to once obtained that they neither aim to once obtained that they neither aim to destroy destroy destroy by this city nor to touch the sanctuary by this city nor to touch the sanctuary by this city nor to touch the sanctuary nay they will grant you besides that nay they will grant you besides that nay they will grant you besides that your posterity shall be free and your your posterity shall be free and your your posterity shall be free and your possessions secured to you and will possessions secured to you and will possessions secured to you and will preserve our holy laws in violet to you preserve our holy laws in violet to you preserve our holy laws in violet to you and it is plain madness and it is plain madness and it is plain madness to expect that God should appear as well to expect that God should appear as well to expect that God should appear as well disposed towards the wicked as towards disposed towards the wicked as towards disposed towards the wicked as towards the righteous since he knows when it is the righteous since he knows when it is the righteous since he knows when it is proper to punishment for their sins proper to punishment for their sins proper to punishment for their sins immediately accordingly he braked the immediately accordingly he braked the immediately accordingly he braked the power of the Assyrians the very first

power of the Assyrians the very first power of the Assyrians the very first night that they pitched their camp where night that they pitched their camp where night that they pitched their camp where for had he judged that our nation was for had he judged that our nation was for had he judged that our nation was worthy of freedom for the Romans of worthy of freedom for the Romans of worthy of freedom for the Romans of punishment he had immediately inflicted punishment he had immediately inflicted punishment he had immediately inflicted punishment upon those Romans as he did punishment upon those Romans as he did punishment upon those Romans as he did upon the Assyrians when Pompey began to upon the Assyrians when Pompey began to upon the Assyrians when Pompey began to meddle with our nation or when after him meddle with our nation or when after him meddle with our nation or when after him so sheis came up against us or when so sheis came up against us or when so sheis came up against us or when Vespasian laid waste Galilee or lastly Vespasian laid waste Galilee or lastly Vespasian laid waste Galilee or lastly when Titus came first of all near to when Titus came first of all near to when Titus came first of all near to this city this city this city although Magnus and so sheis did not although Magnus and so sheis did not although Magnus and so sheis did not only suffer nothing but took the city by only suffer nothing but took the city by only suffer nothing but took the city by force as did Vespasian go from the war force as did Vespasian go from the war force as did Vespasian go from the war he made against you to receive the he made against you to receive the he made against you to receive the Empire and as for Titus those Springs Empire and as for Titus those Springs Empire and as for Titus those Springs that were formerly almost dried up when that were formerly almost dried up when that were formerly almost dried up when they were under your power since he has they were under your power since he has they were under your power since he has come run more plentifully than they did come run more plentifully than they did come run more plentifully than they did before accordingly you know that Salome before accordingly you know that Salome before accordingly you know that Salome as well as all the other Springs that as well as all the other Springs that as well as all the other Springs that are without the city did so far fail are without the city did so far fail are without the city did so far fail that water was sold by distinct measures that water was sold by distinct measures that water was sold by distinct measures whereas they now have such a great whereas they now have such a great whereas they now have such a great quantity of water for your enemies as is quantity of water for your enemies as is quantity of water for your enemies as is sufficient not only for drink both for sufficient not only for drink both for sufficient not only for drink both for themselves in their cattle but for themselves in their cattle but for themselves in their cattle but for watering their gardens also the same watering their gardens also the same watering their gardens also the same wonderful sign you had also experienced wonderful sign you had also experienced wonderful sign you had also experienced of formerly when the four mentioned king of formerly when the four mentioned king of formerly when the four mentioned king of Babylon made war against us and when of Babylon made war against us and when of Babylon made war against us and when he took the city and burnt the temple he took the city and burnt the temple he took the city and burnt the temple while yet I believe the Jews of that age while yet I believe the Jews of that age while yet I believe the Jews of that age were not so impasse as you are were not so impasse as you are were not so impasse as you are footnote thus drying up of the Jerusalem footnote thus drying up of the Jerusalem footnote thus drying up of the Jerusalem fountain of Salome when the Jews wanted fountain of Salome when the Jews wanted fountain of Salome when the Jews wanted it and it's flowing abundantly when the

it and it's flowing abundantly when the it and it's flowing abundantly when the enemies of the Jews wanted it and these enemies of the Jews wanted it and these enemies of the Jews wanted it and these both in the days of Zedekiah and of both in the days of Zedekiah and of both in the days of Zedekiah and of Titus and this lasts as a certain event Titus and this lasts as a certain event Titus and this lasts as a certain event while known by the Jews at that time as while known by the Jews at that time as while known by the Jews at that time as Josephus here tells them openly to their Josephus here tells them openly to their Josephus here tells them openly to their faces are very remarkable faces are very remarkable faces are very remarkable instances of a divine providence for the instances of a divine providence for the instances of a divine providence for the punishment of the Jewish nation when punishment of the Jewish nation when punishment of the Jewish nation when they were grown very wicked at both they were grown very wicked at both they were grown very wicked at both those times of the destruction of those times of the destruction of those times of the destruction of Jerusalem and footnote wherefore I Jerusalem and footnote wherefore I Jerusalem and footnote wherefore I cannot but suppose that God has fled out cannot but suppose that God has fled out cannot but suppose that God has fled out of his sanctuary and stands on the side of his sanctuary and stands on the side of his sanctuary and stands on the side of those against whom you fight now even of those against whom you fight now even of those against whom you fight now even a man if he'd be but a good man will fly a man if he'd be but a good man will fly a man if he'd be but a good man will fly from an impure house and will hate those from an impure house and will hate those from an impure house and will hate those that are in it then do you persuade that are in it then do you persuade that are in it then do you persuade yourselves that God will abide with you yourselves that God will abide with you yourselves that God will abide with you in your iniquities who sees all secret in your iniquities who sees all secret in your iniquities who sees all secret things and here's what has kept most things and here's what has kept most things and here's what has kept most private now what crime is there I pray private now what crime is there I pray private now what crime is there I pray you that is so much as kept secret among you that is so much as kept secret among you that is so much as kept secret among you or as concealed by you nay what is you or as concealed by you nay what is you or as concealed by you nay what is there that is not open to your very there that is not open to your very there that is not open to your very enemies for you show your transgressions enemies for you show your transgressions enemies for you show your transgressions after a pompous manner and contend one after a pompous manner and contend one after a pompous manner and contend one with another which of you shall be more with another which of you shall be more with another which of you shall be more wicked than another and do you make a wicked than another and do you make a wicked than another and do you make a public demonstration of your injustice public demonstration of your injustice public demonstration of your injustice as if it were virtue however there is a as if it were virtue however there is a as if it were virtue however there is a place left for your preservation if you place left for your preservation if you place left for your preservation if you be willing to accept a bit and God is be willing to accept a bit and God is be willing to accept a bit and God is easily reconciled to those that confess easily reconciled to those that confess easily reconciled to those that confess their faults and repent of them oh their faults and repent of them oh their faults and repent of them oh hard-hearted wretches as you are cast hard-hearted wretches as you are cast hard-hearted wretches as you are cast away all your arms and take pity of your away all your arms and take pity of your away all your arms and take pity of your country already going to ruin return

country already going to ruin return country already going to ruin return from your wicked ways and have regard to from your wicked ways and have regard to from your wicked ways and have regard to the excellency of that city which you the excellency of that city which you the excellency of that city which you are going to betray to that excellent are going to betray to that excellent are going to betray to that excellent temple with the donations of so many temple with the donations of so many temple with the donations of so many countries in it who could bear to be the countries in it who could bear to be the countries in it who could bear to be the first that should set that temple on first that should set that temple on first that should set that temple on fire who could be willing that these fire who could be willing that these fire who could be willing that these things should be no more and what is things should be no more and what is things should be no more and what is there that can better deserve to be there that can better deserve to be there that can better deserve to be preserved o insensible creatures and preserved o insensible creatures and preserved o insensible creatures and more stupid than are the stones more stupid than are the stones more stupid than are the stones themselves and if you cannot look at themselves and if you cannot look at themselves and if you cannot look at these things with discerning eyes yet these things with discerning eyes yet these things with discerning eyes yet however have pity upon your families and however have pity upon your families and however have pity upon your families and set before everyone of your eyes your set before everyone of your eyes your set before everyone of your eyes your children and wives and parents who will children and wives and parents who will children and wives and parents who will be gradually consumed either by famine be gradually consumed either by famine be gradually consumed either by famine or by war I am sensible that this danger or by war I am sensible that this danger or by war I am sensible that this danger will extend to my mother and wife and to will extend to my mother and wife and to will extend to my mother and wife and to that family of mine who have been by no that family of mine who have been by no that family of mine who have been by no means ignoble and indeed to one that means ignoble and indeed to one that means ignoble and indeed to one that have been very eminent in old time and have been very eminent in old time and have been very eminent in old time and perhaps you may imagine perhaps you may imagine perhaps you may imagine that it is on their account only that I that it is on their account only that I that it is on their account only that I give you this advice if that be all kill give you this advice if that be all kill give you this advice if that be all kill them them them nay take my own blood as a reward if it nay take my own blood as a reward if it nay take my own blood as a reward if it may but procure your preservation for I may but procure your preservation for I may but procure your preservation for I am ready to die in case you will but am ready to die in case you will but am ready to die in case you will but return to a sound mind after my death return to a sound mind after my death return to a sound mind after my death and quote end of book 5 chapter 9 book 5 and quote end of book 5 chapter 9 book 5 and quote end of book 5 chapter 9 book 5 chapters 10 and 11 of the Wars of the chapters 10 and 11 of the Wars of the chapters 10 and 11 of the Wars of the Jews this is a librivox recording all Jews this is a librivox recording all Jews this is a librivox recording all librivox recordings are in the public

librivox recordings are in the public librivox recordings are in the public domain for more information or to domain for more information or to domain for more information or to volunteer please visit librivox.org volunteer please visit librivox.org volunteer please visit librivox.org recording by anne boule the Wars of the recording by anne boule the Wars of the recording by anne boule the Wars of the Jews by Josephus translated by William Jews by Josephus translated by William Jews by Josephus translated by William Liston chapters 10 and 11 chapter 10 how Liston chapters 10 and 11 chapter 10 how Liston chapters 10 and 11 chapter 10 how a great many of the people earnestly a great many of the people earnestly a great many of the people earnestly endeavor to desert to the Romans as also endeavor to desert to the Romans as also endeavor to desert to the Romans as also what intolerable things those that what intolerable things those that what intolerable things those that stayed behind suffered by famine and the stayed behind suffered by famine and the stayed behind suffered by famine and the sad consequences thereof one as Josephus sad consequences thereof one as Josephus sad consequences thereof one as Josephus was speaking thus with a loud voice the was speaking thus with a loud voice the was speaking thus with a loud voice the seditious would neither yield to what he seditious would neither yield to what he seditious would neither yield to what he said nor did they deem it safe for them said nor did they deem it safe for them said nor did they deem it safe for them to alter their conduct but as for the to alter their conduct but as for the to alter their conduct but as for the people they had a great inclination to people they had a great inclination to people they had a great inclination to desert to the Romans accordingly some of desert to the Romans accordingly some of desert to the Romans accordingly some of them sold what they had and even the them sold what they had and even the them sold what they had and even the most precious things that have been laid most precious things that have been laid most precious things that have been laid up as treasures by them for every small up as treasures by them for every small up as treasures by them for every small matter and swallowed down pieces of gold matter and swallowed down pieces of gold matter and swallowed down pieces of gold that they might not be found out by the that they might not be found out by the that they might not be found out by the robbers and when they had escaped to the robbers and when they had escaped to the robbers and when they had escaped to the Romans went to school and had Romans went to school and had Romans went to school and had wherewithal to provide plentiful leave wherewithal to provide plentiful leave wherewithal to provide plentiful leave for themselves for Titus let a great for themselves for Titus let a great for themselves for Titus let a great number of them go away into the country number of them go away into the country number of them go away into the country whither they pleased and the main whither they pleased and the main whither they pleased and the main reasons why they were so ready to desert reasons why they were so ready to desert reasons why they were so ready to desert were these that now they should be freed were these that now they should be freed were these that now they should be freed from those miseries which they had from those miseries which they had from those miseries which they had endured in that city and yet should not endured in that city and yet should not endured in that city and yet should not be in slavery to the Romans however John be in slavery to the Romans however John be in slavery to the Romans however John and Simon with their factions did more and Simon with their factions did more and Simon with their factions did more carefully watch these men's going out carefully watch these men's going out carefully watch these men's going out than they did the coming in of the than they did the coming in of the than they did the coming in of the Romans and if anyone did but afford the

Romans and if anyone did but afford the Romans and if anyone did but afford the least shadow of suspicion of such an least shadow of suspicion of such an least shadow of suspicion of such an intention his throat was cut immediately intention his throat was cut immediately intention his throat was cut immediately to to to but as for the richer sort it proved all but as for the richer sort it proved all but as for the richer sort it proved all one to them whether they stayed in the one to them whether they stayed in the one to them whether they stayed in the city or attempted to get out of it city or attempted to get out of it city or attempted to get out of it for they were equally destroyed in both for they were equally destroyed in both for they were equally destroyed in both cases for every such person was put to cases for every such person was put to cases for every such person was put to death under this pretense that they were death under this pretense that they were death under this pretense that they were going to desert but in reality that the going to desert but in reality that the going to desert but in reality that the robbers might get what they had the robbers might get what they had the robbers might get what they had the madness of the seditious did also madness of the seditious did also madness of the seditious did also increase together with their famine and increase together with their famine and increase together with their famine and both those miseries were everyday both those miseries were everyday both those miseries were everyday inflamed more and more for there was no inflamed more and more for there was no inflamed more and more for there was no corn which anywhere appeared publicly corn which anywhere appeared publicly corn which anywhere appeared publicly but the robbers came running into and but the robbers came running into and but the robbers came running into and searched men's private houses and then searched men's private houses and then searched men's private houses and then if they found any they tormented them if they found any they tormented them if they found any they tormented them because they had denied they had any and because they had denied they had any and because they had denied they had any and if they found none they tormented them if they found none they tormented them if they found none they tormented them worse because they suppose they had more worse because they suppose they had more worse because they suppose they had more carefully concealed in the indication carefully concealed in the indication carefully concealed in the indication they made use of whether they had any or they made use of whether they had any or they made use of whether they had any or not was taken from the bodies of those not was taken from the bodies of those not was taken from the bodies of those miserable wretches which if they were in miserable wretches which if they were in miserable wretches which if they were in good case they suppose they were in no good case they suppose they were in no good case they suppose they were in no want at all of food but if they were want at all of food but if they were want at all of food but if they were wasted away they walked off without wasted away they walked off without wasted away they walked off without searching any further nor did they think searching any further nor did they think searching any further nor did they think it proper to kill such as these because it proper to kill such as these because it proper to kill such as these because they saw that they would very soon die they saw that they would very soon die they saw that they would very soon die of themselves for wants of food many of themselves for wants of food many of themselves for wants of food many there were indeed who sold what they had there were indeed who sold what they had there were indeed who sold what they had for one measure it was of wheat if they for one measure it was of wheat if they for one measure it was of wheat if they were of the richer sort but of barley if were of the richer sort but of barley if were of the richer sort but of barley if they were poorer when these had done so they were poorer when these had done so they were poorer when these had done so they shut themselves up in the inmost they shut themselves up in the inmost they shut themselves up in the inmost rooms of their houses and ate the corn rooms of their houses and ate the corn rooms of their houses and ate the corn they had gotten some did it without

they had gotten some did it without they had gotten some did it without grinding it by reason of the extremity grinding it by reason of the extremity grinding it by reason of the extremity of the want they were in and others of the want they were in and others of the want they were in and others baked bread of it according as necessity baked bread of it according as necessity baked bread of it according as necessity and fear dictated to them a table was and fear dictated to them a table was and fear dictated to them a table was nowhere laid for a distinct meal but nowhere laid for a distinct meal but nowhere laid for a distinct meal but they snatched the bread out of the fire they snatched the bread out of the fire they snatched the bread out of the fire half baked and ate it very hastily three half baked and ate it very hastily three half baked and ate it very hastily three it was now a miserable case and a sight it was now a miserable case and a sight it was now a miserable case and a sight that would just leave ring tears into that would just leave ring tears into that would just leave ring tears into our eyes how men stood as to their food our eyes how men stood as to their food our eyes how men stood as to their food while the more powerful had more than while the more powerful had more than while the more powerful had more than enough and the weaker were lamenting for enough and the weaker were lamenting for enough and the weaker were lamenting for want of it but the famine was too hard want of it but the famine was too hard want of it but the famine was too hard for all other passions and it is for all other passions and it is for all other passions and it is destructed to nothing so much as to destructed to nothing so much as to destructed to nothing so much as to modesty for what was otherwise worthy of modesty for what was otherwise worthy of modesty for what was otherwise worthy of reverence was in this case despised in reverence was in this case despised in reverence was in this case despised in so much that children pulled the very so much that children pulled the very so much that children pulled the very morsels that their fathers were eating morsels that their fathers were eating morsels that their fathers were eating out of there out of there out of there and what was still more to be pitied so and what was still more to be pitied so and what was still more to be pitied so did the mothers do as to their infants did the mothers do as to their infants did the mothers do as to their infants and when those that were most dear were and when those that were most dear were and when those that were most dear were perishing under their hands they were perishing under their hands they were perishing under their hands they were not ashamed to take from them the very not ashamed to take from them the very not ashamed to take from them the very last drops that might preserve their last drops that might preserve their last drops that might preserve their lives and while they ate after this lives and while they ate after this lives and while they ate after this manner yet were they not concealed in manner yet were they not concealed in manner yet were they not concealed in doing so but the seditious everywhere doing so but the seditious everywhere doing so but the seditious everywhere came upon them immediately and snatched came upon them immediately and snatched came upon them immediately and snatched away from them what they had gotten from away from them what they had gotten from away from them what they had gotten from others for when they saw anyhow shut up others for when they saw anyhow shut up others for when they saw anyhow shut up this was to them a signal that the this was to them a signal that the this was to them a signal that the people within had gotten some food people within had gotten some food people within had gotten some food whereupon they broke open the doors and whereupon they broke open the doors and whereupon they broke open the doors and ran in and took pieces of what they were ran in and took pieces of what they were ran in and took pieces of what they were eating almost up out of there very eating almost up out of there very eating almost up out of there very throats and this by force the old men throats and this by force the old men throats and this by force the old men who held their food fast were beaten and who held their food fast were beaten and who held their food fast were beaten and if the women hid what they had within

if the women hid what they had within if the women hid what they had within their hands their hair was torn for their hands their hair was torn for their hands their hair was torn for doing so nor was there any doing so nor was there any doing so nor was there any commiserations shown either to the aged commiserations shown either to the aged commiserations shown either to the aged or to the infants but they lifted up or to the infants but they lifted up or to the infants but they lifted up children from the ground as they hung children from the ground as they hung children from the ground as they hung upon the morsels they had gotten and upon the morsels they had gotten and upon the morsels they had gotten and shook them down upon the floor but still shook them down upon the floor but still shook them down upon the floor but still they were more barbarously cruel to they were more barbarously cruel to they were more barbarously cruel to those that had prevented their coming in those that had prevented their coming in those that had prevented their coming in and had actually swallowed down what and had actually swallowed down what and had actually swallowed down what they were going to seize upon as if they they were going to seize upon as if they they were going to seize upon as if they had been unjustly defrauded of their had been unjustly defrauded of their had been unjustly defrauded of their rights they also invented terrible rights they also invented terrible rights they also invented terrible methods of torments to discover where methods of torments to discover where methods of torments to discover where any food was and they were these to stop any food was and they were these to stop any food was and they were these to stop at the passages of the privy parts of at the passages of the privy parts of at the passages of the privy parts of the miserable wretches and to drive the miserable wretches and to drive the miserable wretches and to drive sharp stakes up their fundaments and a sharp stakes up their fundaments and a sharp stakes up their fundaments and a man was forced to bear what it is man was forced to bear what it is man was forced to bear what it is terrible even to hear in order to make terrible even to hear in order to make terrible even to hear in order to make him confess that he had but one loaf of him confess that he had but one loaf of him confess that he had but one loaf of bread or that he might discover a bread or that he might discover a bread or that he might discover a handful of barley meal that was handful of barley meal that was handful of barley meal that was concealed and this was done when these concealed and this was done when these concealed and this was done when these tormentors were not themselves hungry tormentors were not themselves hungry tormentors were not themselves hungry for the thing had been less barbarous for the thing had been less barbarous for the thing had been less barbarous had necessity forced them to it but this had necessity forced them to it but this had necessity forced them to it but this was done to keep their madness and was done to keep their madness and was done to keep their madness and exercise and as making preparation of exercise and as making preparation of exercise and as making preparation of provisions for themselves for the provisions for themselves for the provisions for themselves for the following days these men also went to following days these men also went to following days these men also went to meet those that had crept out of the meet those that had crept out of the meet those that had crept out of the city by night as far as the Roman guards city by night as far as the Roman guards city by night as far as the Roman guards to gather some plants and herbs that to gather some plants and herbs that to gather some plants and herbs that grew wild and when those people thought grew wild and when those people thought grew wild and when those people thought they had got clear of the enemy they they had got clear of the enemy they they had got clear of the enemy they snatched from them what they had brought snatched from them what they had brought snatched from them what they had brought with them even while they had frequently with them even while they had frequently with them even while they had frequently entreated them and that by calling upon entreated them and that by calling upon entreated them and that by calling upon the tremendous name of God to give them the tremendous name of God to give them the tremendous name of God to give them back some part of what they back some part of what they back some part of what they have brought though these would not give have brought though these would not give have brought though these would not give them the least crumb and they were to be

them the least crumb and they were to be them the least crumb and they were to be well contented that they were only well contented that they were only well contented that they were only spoiled and not slain at the same time spoiled and not slain at the same time spoiled and not slain at the same time for these were the afflictions which the for these were the afflictions which the for these were the afflictions which the lower sort of people suffered from these lower sort of people suffered from these lower sort of people suffered from these tyrants guards but for the men that were tyrants guards but for the men that were tyrants guards but for the men that were in dignity and with all were rich they in dignity and with all were rich they in dignity and with all were rich they were carried before the tyrants were carried before the tyrants were carried before the tyrants themselves some of whom were falsely themselves some of whom were falsely themselves some of whom were falsely accused of laying treacherous plots and accused of laying treacherous plots and accused of laying treacherous plots and so were destroyed others of them were so were destroyed others of them were so were destroyed others of them were charged with designs of betraying the charged with designs of betraying the charged with designs of betraying the city to the Romans but the radiused way city to the Romans but the radiused way city to the Romans but the radiused way of all was this to suborn somebody to of all was this to suborn somebody to of all was this to suborn somebody to affirm that they were resolved to desert affirm that they were resolved to desert affirm that they were resolved to desert to the enemy and he who was utterly to the enemy and he who was utterly to the enemy and he who was utterly despoiled of what he had by simon was despoiled of what he had by simon was despoiled of what he had by simon was sent back again to john as of those who sent back again to john as of those who sent back again to john as of those who have been already plundered by joe trey have been already plundered by joe trey have been already plundered by joe trey Simon got what remained and so much that Simon got what remained and so much that Simon got what remained and so much that they drank the blood of the populace to they drank the blood of the populace to they drank the blood of the populace to one another and divided the dead bodies one another and divided the dead bodies one another and divided the dead bodies of the poor creatures between them so of the poor creatures between them so of the poor creatures between them so that although on account of their that although on account of their that although on account of their ambition after Dominion they contended ambition after Dominion they contended ambition after Dominion they contended with each other yet they did very well with each other yet they did very well with each other yet they did very well agree in their wicked practices for he agree in their wicked practices for he agree in their wicked practices for he that did not communicate what he had got that did not communicate what he had got that did not communicate what he had got by the miseries of others to the other by the miseries of others to the other by the miseries of others to the other tyrant seemed to be too little guilty tyrant seemed to be too little guilty tyrant seemed to be too little guilty and in one respect only and he that did and in one respect only and he that did and in one respect only and he that did not partake of what was so communicated not partake of what was so communicated not partake of what was so communicated to him grieved at this as at the loss of to him grieved at this as at the loss of to him grieved at this as at the loss of what was a valuable thing that he had no what was a valuable thing that he had no what was a valuable thing that he had no share of such barbarity 5 it is share of such barbarity 5 it is share of such barbarity 5 it is therefore impossible to go distinctly therefore impossible to go distinctly therefore impossible to go distinctly over every instance of these men's over every instance of these men's over every instance of these men's iniquity I shall therefore speak my mind iniquity I shall therefore speak my mind iniquity I shall therefore speak my mind here at once briefly that neither did

here at once briefly that neither did here at once briefly that neither did any other city ever suffer such miseries any other city ever suffer such miseries any other city ever suffer such miseries nor did any age ever breed a generation nor did any age ever breed a generation nor did any age ever breed a generation more fruitful in wickedness than this more fruitful in wickedness than this more fruitful in wickedness than this was from the beginning of the world was from the beginning of the world was from the beginning of the world finally they brought the hebrew nation finally they brought the hebrew nation finally they brought the hebrew nation into contempt that they might themselves into contempt that they might themselves into contempt that they might themselves appear comparatively less and pious with appear comparatively less and pious with appear comparatively less and pious with regard to strangers they confess what regard to strangers they confess what regard to strangers they confess what was true that they were the slaves the was true that they were the slaves the was true that they were the slaves the scum and the spurious and abortive scum and the spurious and abortive scum and the spurious and abortive offspring of our nation while they offspring of our nation while they offspring of our nation while they overthrew the city themselves and forced overthrew the city themselves and forced overthrew the city themselves and forced the Romans whether they would or no to the Romans whether they would or no to the Romans whether they would or no to gain a melancholy reputation by acting gain a melancholy reputation by acting gain a melancholy reputation by acting gloriously against them and did almost gloriously against them and did almost gloriously against them and did almost draw that fire upon the draw that fire upon the draw that fire upon the which they seem to think King too slowly which they seem to think King too slowly which they seem to think King too slowly and indeed when they saw that temple and indeed when they saw that temple and indeed when they saw that temple burning from the upper city they were burning from the upper city they were burning from the upper city they were neither troubled at it nor did they shed neither troubled at it nor did they shed neither troubled at it nor did they shed any tears on that account while yet any tears on that account while yet any tears on that account while yet these passions were discovered among the these passions were discovered among the these passions were discovered among the Romans themselves which circumstances we Romans themselves which circumstances we Romans themselves which circumstances we shall speak of hereafter in their proper shall speak of hereafter in their proper shall speak of hereafter in their proper place when we come to treat of such place when we come to treat of such place when we come to treat of such matters chapter 11 matters chapter 11 matters chapter 11 how the Jews were crucified before the how the Jews were crucified before the how the Jews were crucified before the walls of the city concerning Antiochus walls of the city concerning Antiochus walls of the city concerning Antiochus Epiphanes and how the Jews overthrew the Epiphanes and how the Jews overthrew the Epiphanes and how the Jews overthrew the banks that had been raised by the Romans banks that had been raised by the Romans banks that had been raised by the Romans 1 1 1 so now Titus's banks were advanced a so now Titus's banks were advanced a so now Titus's banks were advanced a great way notwithstanding his soldiers great way notwithstanding his soldiers great way notwithstanding his soldiers have been very much distressed from the have been very much distressed from the have been very much distressed from the wall he then sent a party of horsemen wall he then sent a party of horsemen wall he then sent a party of horsemen and ordered they should lay ambushes for and ordered they should lay ambushes for and ordered they should lay ambushes for those that went out into the valleys to those that went out into the valleys to those that went out into the valleys to gather food some of these were indeed gather food some of these were indeed gather food some of these were indeed fighting men who are not contented with fighting men who are not contented with fighting men who are not contented with what they had by repent but the greater

what they had by repent but the greater what they had by repent but the greater part of them were poor people who were part of them were poor people who were part of them were poor people who were deterred from deserting by the concern deterred from deserting by the concern deterred from deserting by the concern they were under for their own relations they were under for their own relations they were under for their own relations for they could not hope to escape away for they could not hope to escape away for they could not hope to escape away together with their wives and children together with their wives and children together with their wives and children without the knowledge of the seditious without the knowledge of the seditious without the knowledge of the seditious nor could they think of leaving these nor could they think of leaving these nor could they think of leaving these relations to be slain by the robbers on relations to be slain by the robbers on relations to be slain by the robbers on their account nay the severity of the their account nay the severity of the their account nay the severity of the famine made them bold and thus going out famine made them bold and thus going out famine made them bold and thus going out so nothing remained but that when they so nothing remained but that when they so nothing remained but that when they were concealed from the robbers they were concealed from the robbers they were concealed from the robbers they should be taken by the enemy and when should be taken by the enemy and when should be taken by the enemy and when they were going to be taken they were they were going to be taken they were they were going to be taken they were forced to defend themselves for fear of forced to defend themselves for fear of forced to defend themselves for fear of being punished as after they had fought being punished as after they had fought being punished as after they had fought they thought it too late to make any they thought it too late to make any they thought it too late to make any supplications for mercy so they were supplications for mercy so they were supplications for mercy so they were first whipped and then tormented with first whipped and then tormented with first whipped and then tormented with all sorts of tortures before they died all sorts of tortures before they died all sorts of tortures before they died and were then crucified before the wall and were then crucified before the wall and were then crucified before the wall of the city this miserable procedure of the city this miserable procedure of the city this miserable procedure made Titus greatly to pity them while made Titus greatly to pity them while made Titus greatly to pity them while they caught every day five hundred Jews they caught every day five hundred Jews they caught every day five hundred Jews nay some days they caught more yet it nay some days they caught more yet it nay some days they caught more yet it did not appear to be safe for him to let did not appear to be safe for him to let did not appear to be safe for him to let those that were taken by force go their those that were taken by force go their those that were taken by force go their way and to set a guard over so many he way and to set a guard over so many he way and to set a guard over so many he saw would be to make such as great deal saw would be to make such as great deal saw would be to make such as great deal them useless to him the main reason why them useless to him the main reason why them useless to him the main reason why he did not forbid that cruelty was this he did not forbid that cruelty was this he did not forbid that cruelty was this that he hoped that the Jews might that he hoped that the Jews might that he hoped that the Jews might themselves yield at that sight out of themselves yield at that sight out of themselves yield at that sight out of fear lest they might themselves fear lest they might themselves fear lest they might themselves afterwards be liable to the same cruel afterwards be liable to the same cruel afterwards be liable to the same cruel treatment so the soldiers treatment so the soldiers treatment so the soldiers the wrath and hatred they bore the Jews the wrath and hatred they bore the Jews the wrath and hatred they bore the Jews nailed those they caught one after one nailed those they caught one after one nailed those they caught one after one way and another after another to the way and another after another to the way and another after another to the crosses by way of just when their crosses by way of just when their crosses by way of just when their multitude was so great that room was

multitude was so great that room was multitude was so great that room was wanting for the crosses and crosses wanting for the crosses and crosses wanting for the crosses and crosses wanting for the bodies footnote reelin wanting for the bodies footnote reelin wanting for the bodies footnote reelin very properly takes notice here how very properly takes notice here how very properly takes notice here how justly this judgment came upon the Jews justly this judgment came upon the Jews justly this judgment came upon the Jews when they were crucified in such when they were crucified in such when they were crucified in such multitudes together that the Romans multitudes together that the Romans multitudes together that the Romans wanted room for the crosses and crosses wanted room for the crosses and crosses wanted room for the crosses and crosses for the bodies of these Jews since they for the bodies of these Jews since they for the bodies of these Jews since they had brought this judgment on themselves had brought this judgment on themselves had brought this judgment on themselves by the crucifixion of their Messiah and by the crucifixion of their Messiah and by the crucifixion of their Messiah and footnote - but so far were the seditious footnote - but so far were the seditious footnote - but so far were the seditious from repenting at this sad sight that on from repenting at this sad sight that on from repenting at this sad sight that on the contrary they made the rest of the the contrary they made the rest of the the contrary they made the rest of the multitude believe otherwise for they multitude believe otherwise for they multitude believe otherwise for they brought the relations of those they had brought the relations of those they had brought the relations of those they had deserted upon the wall with such a the deserted upon the wall with such a the deserted upon the wall with such a the populace as we're very eager to go over populace as we're very eager to go over populace as we're very eager to go over upon the security offered them and upon the security offered them and upon the security offered them and showed them what miseries those showed them what miseries those showed them what miseries those underwent who fled to the Romans and underwent who fled to the Romans and underwent who fled to the Romans and told them that those who were caught told them that those who were caught told them that those who were caught were supplicants to them and not such as were supplicants to them and not such as were supplicants to them and not such as were taken prisoners this sight kept were taken prisoners this sight kept were taken prisoners this sight kept many of those within the city who were many of those within the city who were many of those within the city who were so eager to desert till the truth was so eager to desert till the truth was so eager to desert till the truth was known yet did some of them run away known yet did some of them run away known yet did some of them run away immediately as unto certain punishment a immediately as unto certain punishment a immediately as unto certain punishment a steaming death from their enemies to be steaming death from their enemies to be steaming death from their enemies to be a quiet departure if compared by that a quiet departure if compared by that a quiet departure if compared by that with famine so Titus commanded that the with famine so Titus commanded that the with famine so Titus commanded that the hands of many of those that were caught hands of many of those that were caught hands of many of those that were caught should be cut off that they might not be should be cut off that they might not be should be cut off that they might not be thought deserters and might be credited thought deserters and might be credited thought deserters and might be credited on account of the calamity they were on account of the calamity they were on account of the calamity they were under and sent them in to John and Simon under and sent them in to John and Simon under and sent them in to John and Simon with this exhortation that they would with this exhortation that they would with this exhortation that they would now at length leave off their madness now at length leave off their madness now at length leave off their madness and not force him to destroy the city and not force him to destroy the city and not force him to destroy the city whereby they would have those advantages whereby they would have those advantages whereby they would have those advantages of repentance even in their utmost of repentance even in their utmost of repentance even in their utmost distress that they would preserve their

distress that they would preserve their distress that they would preserve their own lives and so find a city of their own lives and so find a city of their own lives and so find a city of their own and that temple which was their own and that temple which was their own and that temple which was their peculiar he then went round about the peculiar he then went round about the peculiar he then went round about the banks that were cast up and hastened banks that were cast up and hastened banks that were cast up and hastened them in order to show that his words them in order to show that his words them in order to show that his words should in no long time be followed by should in no long time be followed by should in no long time be followed by his deeds in answer to which the his deeds in answer to which the his deeds in answer to which the seditious cast reproaches upon the seditious cast reproaches upon the seditious cast reproaches upon the Caesar himself and upon his father also Caesar himself and upon his father also Caesar himself and upon his father also and cried out with a loud voice that and cried out with a loud voice that and cried out with a loud voice that they condemned death and did well in they condemned death and did well in they condemned death and did well in preferring it before slavery that they preferring it before slavery that they preferring it before slavery that they would do all the mischief to would do all the mischief to would do all the mischief to the Romans they could while they had the Romans they could while they had the Romans they could while they had breath in them and that for their own breath in them and that for their own breath in them and that for their own City since they were as he said to be City since they were as he said to be City since they were as he said to be destroyed destroyed destroyed they had no concern about it and that they had no concern about it and that they had no concern about it and that the world itself was a better temple to the world itself was a better temple to the world itself was a better temple to God than this that yet this temple would God than this that yet this temple would God than this that yet this temple would be preserved by him that inhabited there be preserved by him that inhabited there be preserved by him that inhabited there in whom they still had for their in whom they still had for their in whom they still had for their assistant in this war and did therefore assistant in this war and did therefore assistant in this war and did therefore laugh at all his threatenings which laugh at all his threatenings which laugh at all his threatenings which would come to nothing because the would come to nothing because the would come to nothing because the conclusion of the whole depended upon conclusion of the whole depended upon conclusion of the whole depended upon God only these words were mixed with God only these words were mixed with God only these words were mixed with reproaches and with them they made a reproaches and with them they made a reproaches and with them they made a mighty clamor three mighty clamor three mighty clamor three in the meantime Antiochus Epiphanes came in the meantime Antiochus Epiphanes came in the meantime Antiochus Epiphanes came to the city having with him a to the city having with him a to the city having with him a considerable number of other armed men considerable number of other armed men considerable number of other armed men and a band called the Macedonian band and a band called the Macedonian band and a band called the Macedonian band about him all of the same age tall and about him all of the same age tall and about him all of the same age tall and just past their childhood armed and just past their childhood armed and just past their childhood armed and instructed after the Macedonian manner instructed after the Macedonian manner instructed after the Macedonian manner once it was that they took that name yet once it was that they took that name yet once it was that they took that name yet were many of them unworthy of so famous were many of them unworthy of so famous were many of them unworthy of so famous a nation for it had so happened that the a nation for it had so happened that the a nation for it had so happened that the king of command Jeannine had flourished

king of command Jeannine had flourished king of command Jeannine had flourished more than any other Kings that were more than any other Kings that were more than any other Kings that were under the power of the Romans so a under the power of the Romans so a under the power of the Romans so a change happened in his condition and change happened in his condition and change happened in his condition and when he was become an old man he when he was become an old man he when he was become an old man he declared plainly that we ought not to declared plainly that we ought not to declared plainly that we ought not to call any man happy before he is dead but call any man happy before he is dead but call any man happy before he is dead but this son of his who has then come this son of his who has then come this son of his who has then come thither before his father was decaying thither before his father was decaying thither before his father was decaying so that he could not but wonder what so that he could not but wonder what so that he could not but wonder what made the Romans so tardy in making their made the Romans so tardy in making their made the Romans so tardy in making their attacks upon the wall now he was a attacks upon the wall now he was a attacks upon the wall now he was a warlike man and naturally bold in warlike man and naturally bold in warlike man and naturally bold in exposing himself to dangers he was also exposing himself to dangers he was also exposing himself to dangers he was also so strong a man that his boldness seldom so strong a man that his boldness seldom so strong a man that his boldness seldom failed of having success upon this Titus failed of having success upon this Titus failed of having success upon this Titus smiled and said he would share the pains smiled and said he would share the pains smiled and said he would share the pains of an attack with him however Antiochus of an attack with him however Antiochus of an attack with him however Antiochus went as he then was and with his went as he then was and with his went as he then was and with his Macedonians made a sudden assault upon Macedonians made a sudden assault upon Macedonians made a sudden assault upon the wall and indeed for his own part his the wall and indeed for his own part his the wall and indeed for his own part his strength and skill were so great that he strength and skill were so great that he strength and skill were so great that he guarded himself from the Jewish darts guarded himself from the Jewish darts guarded himself from the Jewish darts and yet shot his darts at them while yet and yet shot his darts at them while yet and yet shot his darts at them while yet the young men with him were almost all the young men with him were almost all the young men with him were almost all sorely galled sorely galled sorely galled for they had so great a regard to the for they had so great a regard to the for they had so great a regard to the promises that have been made of their promises that have been made of their promises that have been made of their courage that they would needs persevere courage that they would needs persevere courage that they would needs persevere in their fighting and at length many of in their fighting and at length many of in their fighting and at length many of them retired but not till they were them retired but not till they were them retired but not till they were wounded and then they perceived that wounded and then they perceived that wounded and then they perceived that true true true macedonians if they were to be macedonians if they were to be macedonians if they were to be conquerors must have Alexander's good conquerors must have Alexander's good conquerors must have Alexander's good fortune also for now as the Romans began fortune also for now as the Romans began fortune also for now as the Romans began to raise their banks on the 12th day of to raise their banks on the 12th day of to raise their banks on the 12th day of the month Artemus ER so had they much the month Artemus ER so had they much the month Artemus ER so had they much ado to finish them by the 29th day of ado to finish them by the 29th day of ado to finish them by the 29th day of the same month after they had labored the same month after they had labored the same month after they had labored hard for 17 days continually for there

hard for 17 days continually for there hard for 17 days continually for there were now four great banks raised one of were now four great banks raised one of were now four great banks raised one of which was at the tower Antonia this was which was at the tower Antonia this was which was at the tower Antonia this was raised by the fifth Legion over against raised by the fifth Legion over against raised by the fifth Legion over against the middle of that pool which was called the middle of that pool which was called the middle of that pool which was called strew theists another was cast up by the strew theists another was cast up by the strew theists another was cast up by the twelfth Legion at the distance of about twelfth Legion at the distance of about twelfth Legion at the distance of about 20 cubits from the other but the labors 20 cubits from the other but the labors 20 cubits from the other but the labors of the tenth Legion which lay a great of the tenth Legion which lay a great of the tenth Legion which lay a great way off these were on the north quarter way off these were on the north quarter way off these were on the north quarter and at the pool called amygdalin as was and at the pool called amygdalin as was and at the pool called amygdalin as was that of the fifteenth Legion about that of the fifteenth Legion about that of the fifteenth Legion about thirty cubits from it and at the high thirty cubits from it and at the high thirty cubits from it and at the high priests monument and now when the priests monument and now when the priests monument and now when the engines were brought John had from engines were brought John had from engines were brought John had from within undermined the space that was within undermined the space that was within undermined the space that was over against the Tower of Antonia as far over against the Tower of Antonia as far over against the Tower of Antonia as far as the banks themselves and had as the banks themselves and had as the banks themselves and had supported the ground over the mine with supported the ground over the mine with supported the ground over the mine with beams laid across one another where by beams laid across one another where by beams laid across one another where by the Roman work stood upon an uncertain the Roman work stood upon an uncertain the Roman work stood upon an uncertain foundation then did he order such foundation then did he order such foundation then did he order such materials to be brought in as were materials to be brought in as were materials to be brought in as were dabbed over with pitch and bitumen and dabbed over with pitch and bitumen and dabbed over with pitch and bitumen and set them on fire and as the cross beams set them on fire and as the cross beams set them on fire and as the cross beams that supported the banks were burning that supported the banks were burning that supported the banks were burning the ditch yielded on the sudden and the the ditch yielded on the sudden and the the ditch yielded on the sudden and the banks were shaken down and fell into the banks were shaken down and fell into the banks were shaken down and fell into the ditch with a prodigious noise now at the ditch with a prodigious noise now at the ditch with a prodigious noise now at the first there arose a very thick smoke and first there arose a very thick smoke and first there arose a very thick smoke and dust as the fire was choked with the dust as the fire was choked with the dust as the fire was choked with the fall of the bank but as the suffocated fall of the bank but as the suffocated fall of the bank but as the suffocated materials were now gradually consumed a materials were now gradually consumed a materials were now gradually consumed a plain flame break out on which sudden plain flame break out on which sudden plain flame break out on which sudden appearance of the flame a consternation appearance of the flame a consternation appearance of the flame a consternation fell upon the Romans and the shrewdness fell upon the Romans and the shrewdness fell upon the Romans and the shrewdness of the contrivance discouraged them and of the contrivance discouraged them and of the contrivance discouraged them and indeed this accident coming upon them at indeed this accident coming upon them at indeed this accident coming upon them at a time when they thought they had a time when they thought they had a time when they thought they had already gained their points cooled their already gained their points cooled their already gained their points cooled their hopes for the time to come they also

hopes for the time to come they also hopes for the time to come they also thought it would be to no purpose to thought it would be to no purpose to thought it would be to no purpose to take the pains to extinguish the fire take the pains to extinguish the fire take the pains to extinguish the fire since if it were extinguished the banks since if it were extinguished the banks since if it were extinguished the banks were swallowed up already and became were swallowed up already and became were swallowed up already and became useless to them five two days after this useless to them five two days after this useless to them five two days after this Simon and his party made an attempt to Simon and his party made an attempt to Simon and his party made an attempt to destroy the other banks for the Romans destroy the other banks for the Romans destroy the other banks for the Romans had brought their engines to bear there had brought their engines to bear there had brought their engines to bear there and began already to make the wall shake and began already to make the wall shake and began already to make the wall shake and here one tap feeis of Garces a city and here one tap feeis of Garces a city and here one tap feeis of Garces a city of Galilee and megasaurus one who was of Galilee and megasaurus one who was of Galilee and megasaurus one who was derived from summer Queen Mary omne derived from summer Queen Mary omne derived from summer Queen Mary omne servants and with them one from ad D servants and with them one from ad D servants and with them one from ad D Abba Neen he was the son of now batches Abba Neen he was the son of now batches Abba Neen he was the son of now batches and called by the name of chug Aerys and called by the name of chug Aerys and called by the name of chug Aerys from the ill fortune he had the word from the ill fortune he had the word from the ill fortune he had the word signifying a lame man snatched some signifying a lame man snatched some signifying a lame man snatched some torches and ran suddenly upon the torches and ran suddenly upon the torches and ran suddenly upon the engines nor were there during this war engines nor were there during this war engines nor were there during this war any men that ever sallied out of the any men that ever sallied out of the any men that ever sallied out of the city who were their superiors either in city who were their superiors either in city who were their superiors either in their boldness or in the terror they their boldness or in the terror they their boldness or in the terror they struck into their enemies for they ran struck into their enemies for they ran struck into their enemies for they ran out upon the Romans not as if they were out upon the Romans not as if they were out upon the Romans not as if they were enemies but friends without fear or enemies but friends without fear or enemies but friends without fear or delay nor did they leave their enemies delay nor did they leave their enemies delay nor did they leave their enemies till they had rushed violently through till they had rushed violently through till they had rushed violently through the midst of them and set their machines the midst of them and set their machines the midst of them and set their machines on fire and though they had darts thrown on fire and though they had darts thrown on fire and though they had darts thrown at them on every side and were on every at them on every side and were on every at them on every side and were on every side assaulted with their enemy's swords side assaulted with their enemy's swords side assaulted with their enemy's swords yet did they not withdraw themselves out yet did they not withdraw themselves out yet did they not withdraw themselves out of the dangers they were in till the of the dangers they were in till the of the dangers they were in till the fire had caught hold of the instruments fire had caught hold of the instruments fire had caught hold of the instruments but when the flame went up the Romans but when the flame went up the Romans but when the flame went up the Romans came running from their camp to save came running from their camp to save came running from their camp to save their engines then did the Jews hinder their engines then did the Jews hinder their engines then did the Jews hinder their suck horse from the wall and their suck horse from the wall and their suck horse from the wall and fought with those that endeavor to call fought with those that endeavor to call fought with those that endeavor to call to the fire without any regard to the

to the fire without any regard to the to the fire without any regard to the danger their bodies were in so the danger their bodies were in so the danger their bodies were in so the Romans pulled the engines out of the Romans pulled the engines out of the Romans pulled the engines out of the fire while their hurdles that covered fire while their hurdles that covered fire while their hurdles that covered them were on fire but the Jews caught them were on fire but the Jews caught them were on fire but the Jews caught hold of the battering rams through the hold of the battering rams through the hold of the battering rams through the flame itself and held them fast flame itself and held them fast flame itself and held them fast although the iron upon them was become although the iron upon them was become although the iron upon them was become red-hot and now the fire spread itself red-hot and now the fire spread itself red-hot and now the fire spread itself from the engines to the banks and from the engines to the banks and from the engines to the banks and prevented those that came to defend them prevented those that came to defend them prevented those that came to defend them and all this while the Romans were and all this while the Romans were and all this while the Romans were encompassed round about the fire and encompassed round about the fire and encompassed round about the fire and despairing of saying their works from it despairing of saying their works from it despairing of saying their works from it they retired to their camp then did the they retired to their camp then did the they retired to their camp then did the Jews become still more and more in Jews become still more and more in Jews become still more and more in number by the coming of those that were number by the coming of those that were number by the coming of those that were within the city to their assistance and within the city to their assistance and within the city to their assistance and as they were very bold upon the good as they were very bold upon the good as they were very bold upon the good success they had had their violent success they had had their violent success they had had their violent assaults were almost irresistible nay assaults were almost irresistible nay assaults were almost irresistible nay they proceeded as far as the they proceeded as far as the they proceeded as far as the fortifications of the enemy's camp and fortifications of the enemy's camp and fortifications of the enemy's camp and fought with their guards now there stood fought with their guards now there stood fought with their guards now there stood a body of soldiers in array before that a body of soldiers in array before that a body of soldiers in array before that camp which succeeded one another by camp which succeeded one another by camp which succeeded one another by turns in their armor and as to those the turns in their armor and as to those the turns in their armor and as to those the law of the Romans was terrible that he law of the Romans was terrible that he law of the Romans was terrible that he who left his posts there let the who left his posts there let the who left his posts there let the occasion be whatsoever it might be he occasion be whatsoever it might be he occasion be whatsoever it might be he was to die was to die was to die for it so that body of soldiers for it so that body of soldiers for it so that body of soldiers preferring rather to die in fighting preferring rather to die in fighting preferring rather to die in fighting courageously down as a punishment for courageously down as a punishment for courageously down as a punishment for their cowardice stood firm and not the their cowardice stood firm and not the their cowardice stood firm and not the necessity these men were in of standing necessity these men were in of standing necessity these men were in of standing to it many of the others that had run to it many of the others that had run to it many of the others that had run away out of shame turned back again and away out of shame turned back again and away out of shame turned back again and when they had set the engines against when they had set the engines against when they had set the engines against the wall they put the multitude from the wall they put the multitude from the wall they put the multitude from coming more of them out of the city coming more of them out of the city coming more of them out of the city which they could the more easily do which they could the more easily do which they could the more easily do because they had made no provision for because they had made no provision for because they had made no provision for preserving or guarding their bodies at

preserving or guarding their bodies at preserving or guarding their bodies at this time for the Jews fought now this time for the Jews fought now this time for the Jews fought now hand-to-hand with all that came in their hand-to-hand with all that came in their hand-to-hand with all that came in their way way way and without any caution fell against the and without any caution fell against the and without any caution fell against the points of their enemy's Spears and points of their enemy's Spears and points of their enemy's Spears and attack them bodies against bodies for attack them bodies against bodies for attack them bodies against bodies for they were now too hard for the Romans they were now too hard for the Romans they were now too hard for the Romans not so much by their other warlike not so much by their other warlike not so much by their other warlike actions as by their courageous assaults actions as by their courageous assaults actions as by their courageous assaults they made upon them and the Romans gave they made upon them and the Romans gave they made upon them and the Romans gave way more to their boldness than they did way more to their boldness than they did way more to their boldness than they did to the sense of the harm they had to the sense of the harm they had to the sense of the harm they had received from them 6 and now Titus was received from them 6 and now Titus was received from them 6 and now Titus was come from the Tower of Antonia whither come from the Tower of Antonia whither come from the Tower of Antonia whither he had gone to look out for a place for he had gone to look out for a place for he had gone to look out for a place for raising other banks and reproached the raising other banks and reproached the raising other banks and reproached the soldiers greatly for permitting their soldiers greatly for permitting their soldiers greatly for permitting their own walls to be in danger when they had own walls to be in danger when they had own walls to be in danger when they had taken the wails of their enemies and taken the wails of their enemies and taken the wails of their enemies and sustained the fortune of the men sustained the fortune of the men sustained the fortune of the men besieged while the Jews were allowed to besieged while the Jews were allowed to besieged while the Jews were allowed to sally out against them though they were sally out against them though they were sally out against them though they were already in a sort of prison he then went already in a sort of prison he then went already in a sort of prison he then went round about the enemy with some chosen round about the enemy with some chosen round about the enemy with some chosen troops and fell upon their flank himself troops and fell upon their flank himself troops and fell upon their flank himself so the Jews who had been before so the Jews who had been before so the Jews who had been before assaulted in their faces wheeled about assaulted in their faces wheeled about assaulted in their faces wheeled about to Titus and continued the fight the to Titus and continued the fight the to Titus and continued the fight the armies also were now mixed one among armies also were now mixed one among armies also were now mixed one among another and the dust that was raised so another and the dust that was raised so another and the dust that was raised so far hindered them from seeing one far hindered them from seeing one far hindered them from seeing one another and the noise that was made so another and the noise that was made so another and the noise that was made so far hindered them from hearing one far hindered them from hearing one far hindered them from hearing one another that neither side could discern another that neither side could discern another that neither side could discern an enemy from a friend an enemy from a friend an enemy from a friend however the Jews did not flinch though however the Jews did not flinch though however the Jews did not flinch though not so much from their real strength as not so much from their real strength as not so much from their real strength as from their despair of deliverance the from their despair of deliverance the from their despair of deliverance the Romans also would not yield by reason of Romans also would not yield by reason of Romans also would not yield by reason of the regard they had to glory and to the regard they had to glory and to the regard they had to glory and to their reputation in war and because their reputation in war and because their reputation in war and because Caesar himself went into the danger Caesar himself went into the danger Caesar himself went into the danger before them in so much that I cannot but

before them in so much that I cannot but before them in so much that I cannot but think the Romans would in the conclusion think the Romans would in the conclusion think the Romans would in the conclusion have now taken even the whole multitude have now taken even the whole multitude have now taken even the whole multitude of the Jews so very angry were they at of the Jews so very angry were they at of the Jews so very angry were they at them had these not prevented the upshot them had these not prevented the upshot them had these not prevented the upshot of the battle and retired into the city of the battle and retired into the city of the battle and retired into the city however however however the banks of the Romans were demolished the banks of the Romans were demolished the banks of the Romans were demolished these Romans were very much east down these Romans were very much east down these Romans were very much east down upon the loss of what had cost them so upon the loss of what had cost them so upon the loss of what had cost them so long pains and in this one hours time long pains and in this one hours time long pains and in this one hours time and many indeed the spirit of taking the and many indeed the spirit of taking the and many indeed the spirit of taking the city with their usual engines of war city with their usual engines of war city with their usual engines of war only end of book 5 chapters 10 and 11 book 5 chapters 12 and 13 of the Wars of book 5 chapters 12 and 13 of the Wars of the Jews this is a librivox recording the Jews this is a librivox recording the Jews this is a librivox recording all librivox recordings are in the all librivox recordings are in the all librivox recordings are in the public domain for more information or to public domain for more information or to public domain for more information or to volunteer please visit librivox.org volunteer please visit librivox.org volunteer please visit librivox.org recording by anne boule the Wars of the recording by anne boule the Wars of the recording by anne boule the Wars of the Jews by Josephus translated by William Jews by Josephus translated by William Jews by Josephus translated by William Whiston chapters 12 and 13 chapter 12 Whiston chapters 12 and 13 chapter 12 Whiston chapters 12 and 13 chapter 12 Titus thought fit to encompass the city Titus thought fit to encompass the city Titus thought fit to encompass the city round with a wall after which the famine round with a wall after which the famine round with a wall after which the famine consumed the people by whole houses and consumed the people by whole houses and consumed the people by whole houses and families together one and now did Titus families together one and now did Titus families together one and now did Titus consult with his commanders what was to consult with his commanders what was to consult with his commanders what was to be done those that were of the warmest be done those that were of the warmest be done those that were of the warmest tempers thought he should bring the tempers thought he should bring the tempers thought he should bring the whole army against the city and storm whole army against the city and storm whole army against the city and storm the wall for that hitherto no more than the wall for that hitherto no more than the wall for that hitherto no more than a part of their army had fought with the a part of their army had fought with the a part of their army had fought with the Jews but that in case the entire army

Jews but that in case the entire army Jews but that in case the entire army was to come at once they would not be was to come at once they would not be was to come at once they would not be able to sustain their attacks but would able to sustain their attacks but would able to sustain their attacks but would be overwhelmed by their darts but of be overwhelmed by their darts but of be overwhelmed by their darts but of those that were for a more cautious those that were for a more cautious those that were for a more cautious management some were for raising their management some were for raising their management some were for raising their banks again and others advised to let banks again and others advised to let banks again and others advised to let the banks alone but to life still before the banks alone but to life still before the banks alone but to life still before the city to guard against the coming out the city to guard against the coming out the city to guard against the coming out of the Jews and against they're carrying of the Jews and against they're carrying of the Jews and against they're carrying provisions into the city and so to leave provisions into the city and so to leave provisions into the city and so to leave the enemy to the famine and this without the enemy to the famine and this without the enemy to the famine and this without direct fighting with them for that direct fighting with them for that direct fighting with them for that despair was not to be conquered despair was not to be conquered despair was not to be conquered especially as to those who are desirous especially as to those who are desirous especially as to those who are desirous to die by the sword while a more to die by the sword while a more to die by the sword while a more terrible misery than that is reserved terrible misery than that is reserved terrible misery than that is reserved for them however Titus did not think it for them however Titus did not think it for them however Titus did not think it fit for so great an army to lie entirely fit for so great an army to lie entirely fit for so great an army to lie entirely idle and that yet it was in vain to idle and that yet it was in vain to idle and that yet it was in vain to fight with those that would be destroyed fight with those that would be destroyed fight with those that would be destroyed one by another he also showed them how one by another he also showed them how one by another he also showed them how impractical it was to cast up any more impractical it was to cast up any more impractical it was to cast up any more banks for wants of materials and to banks for wants of materials and to banks for wants of materials and to guard against the Jews coming out still guard against the Jews coming out still guard against the Jews coming out still more impractical as also more impractical as also more impractical as also that to encompass the whole city round that to encompass the whole city round that to encompass the whole city round with his army was not very easy by with his army was not very easy by with his army was not very easy by reason of its magnitude and the reason of its magnitude and the reason of its magnitude and the difficulty of the situation and on other difficulty of the situation and on other difficulty of the situation and on other accounts dangerous upon the sally's the accounts dangerous upon the sally's the accounts dangerous upon the sally's the Jews might make out of the city for Jews might make out of the city for Jews might make out of the city for although they might guard the known although they might guard the known although they might guard the known passages out of the place yet would they passages out of the place yet would they passages out of the place yet would they when they found themselves under the when they found themselves under the when they found themselves under the greatest distress contrive secret greatest distress contrive secret greatest distress contrive secret passages out as being well acquainted passages out as being well acquainted passages out as being well acquainted with all such places and if any with all such places and if any with all such places and if any provisions were carried in by stealth provisions were carried in by stealth provisions were carried in by stealth the siege would thereby be longer the siege would thereby be longer the siege would thereby be longer delayed he also owned that he was afraid delayed he also owned that he was afraid delayed he also owned that he was afraid that the length of time thus to be spent that the length of time thus to be spent that the length of time thus to be spent would diminish the glory of his success

would diminish the glory of his success would diminish the glory of his success for though it be true that length of for though it be true that length of for though it be true that length of time will perfect everything yet that to time will perfect everything yet that to time will perfect everything yet that to do what we do in a little time is still do what we do in a little time is still do what we do in a little time is still necessary to the gaining reputation that necessary to the gaining reputation that necessary to the gaining reputation that therefore his opinion was that if they therefore his opinion was that if they therefore his opinion was that if they aimed at quickness joined with security aimed at quickness joined with security aimed at quickness joined with security they must build a wall round about the they must build a wall round about the they must build a wall round about the whole city which was he thought the only whole city which was he thought the only whole city which was he thought the only way to prevent the Jews from coming out way to prevent the Jews from coming out way to prevent the Jews from coming out anyway and that then they would either anyway and that then they would either anyway and that then they would either entirely despair of saving the city and entirely despair of saving the city and entirely despair of saving the city and so would surrender it up to him or be so would surrender it up to him or be so would surrender it up to him or be still the more easily conquered when the still the more easily conquered when the still the more easily conquered when the famine had further weakened them for famine had further weakened them for famine had further weakened them for that besides this wall he would not lie that besides this wall he would not lie that besides this wall he would not lie entirely at rest afterwards but would entirely at rest afterwards but would entirely at rest afterwards but would take care then to have banks raised take care then to have banks raised take care then to have banks raised again when those that would oppose them again when those that would oppose them again when those that would oppose them were become weaker but that if anyone were become weaker but that if anyone were become weaker but that if anyone should think such a work to be too great should think such a work to be too great should think such a work to be too great and not to be finished without much and not to be finished without much and not to be finished without much difficulty he ought to consider that it difficulty he ought to consider that it difficulty he ought to consider that it is not fit for Romans to undertake any is not fit for Romans to undertake any is not fit for Romans to undertake any small work and that none but God Himself small work and that none but God Himself small work and that none but God Himself could with ease accomplish any great could with ease accomplish any great could with ease accomplish any great thing whatsoever to these arguments thing whatsoever to these arguments thing whatsoever to these arguments prevailed with the commanders so Titus prevailed with the commanders so Titus prevailed with the commanders so Titus gave orders that the army should be gave orders that the army should be gave orders that the army should be distributed to their several shares of distributed to their several shares of distributed to their several shares of this work and indeed there now came upon this work and indeed there now came upon this work and indeed there now came upon the soldiers a certain divine fury so the soldiers a certain divine fury so the soldiers a certain divine fury so that they did not only part the whole that they did not only part the whole that they did not only part the whole wall that was to be built among them nor wall that was to be built among them nor wall that was to be built among them nor did only one Legion strive with another did only one Legion strive with another did only one Legion strive with another but the lesser divisions of the army did but the lesser divisions of the army did but the lesser divisions of the army did the same in so much that each soldier the same in so much that each soldier the same in so much that each soldier was ambitious to please his de Korean was ambitious to please his de Korean was ambitious to please his de Korean each debt Korea in his Centurion each each debt Korea in his Centurion each each debt Korea in his Centurion each century and his Tribune and the ambition century and his Tribune and the ambition century and his Tribune and the ambition of the tribunes was to please their

of the tribunes was to please their of the tribunes was to please their superior commanders while Caesar himself superior commanders while Caesar himself superior commanders while Caesar himself took notice of and rewarded the light took notice of and rewarded the light took notice of and rewarded the light contention contention contention those commanders for he went round about those commanders for he went round about those commanders for he went round about the works many times every day and took the works many times every day and took the works many times every day and took a view of what was done a view of what was done a view of what was done Titus began the wall from the camp of Titus began the wall from the camp of Titus began the wall from the camp of the Assyrians where his own camp was the Assyrians where his own camp was the Assyrians where his own camp was pitched and drew it down to the lower pitched and drew it down to the lower pitched and drew it down to the lower parts of sea novelist's thence it went parts of sea novelist's thence it went parts of sea novelist's thence it went along the valley of cedron to the Mount along the valley of cedron to the Mount along the valley of cedron to the Mount of Olives it then bent towards the south of Olives it then bent towards the south of Olives it then bent towards the south and encompassed the mountain as far as and encompassed the mountain as far as and encompassed the mountain as far as the rock called Paris terian and that the rock called Paris terian and that the rock called Paris terian and that other Hill which lies next to it and is other Hill which lies next to it and is other Hill which lies next to it and is over the valley which reaches Siloam over the valley which reaches Siloam over the valley which reaches Siloam whence it bended again to the west and whence it bended again to the west and whence it bended again to the west and went down to the valley of the fountain went down to the valley of the fountain went down to the valley of the fountain beyond which it went up again at the beyond which it went up again at the beyond which it went up again at the monument of Anna's the high priest and monument of Anna's the high priest and monument of Anna's the high priest and encompassing that mountain where Pompey encompassing that mountain where Pompey encompassing that mountain where Pompey had formerly pitched his camp it had formerly pitched his camp it had formerly pitched his camp it returned back to the north side of the returned back to the north side of the returned back to the north side of the city and was carried on as far as a city and was carried on as far as a city and was carried on as far as a certain village called the house of the certain village called the house of the certain village called the house of the Arab in the-- after which it encompass Arab in the-- after which it encompass Arab in the-- after which it encompass Herod's monument and there on the east Herod's monument and there on the east Herod's monument and there on the east was joined to Titus his own camp where was joined to Titus his own camp where was joined to Titus his own camp where it began now the length of this wall was it began now the length of this wall was it began now the length of this wall was 40 furlongs one only abated now at this 40 furlongs one only abated now at this 40 furlongs one only abated now at this wall without were erected 13 places to wall without were erected 13 places to wall without were erected 13 places to keep garrison in whose circumference 'as keep garrison in whose circumference 'as keep garrison in whose circumference 'as put together amounted to ten furlongs put together amounted to ten furlongs put together amounted to ten furlongs the hole was completed in three days so the hole was completed in three days so the hole was completed in three days so that what would naturally have required that what would naturally have required that what would naturally have required some months was done and so short and some months was done and so short and some months was done and so short and interval as is incredible when Titus had interval as is incredible when Titus had interval as is incredible when Titus had therefore encompassed the city with this therefore encompassed the city with this therefore encompassed the city with this wall and put Garrison's into proper

wall and put Garrison's into proper wall and put Garrison's into proper places he went round the wall at the places he went round the wall at the places he went round the wall at the first watch of the night and observed first watch of the night and observed first watch of the night and observed how the guard was kept the second watch how the guard was kept the second watch how the guard was kept the second watch he allotted to Alexander the commanders he allotted to Alexander the commanders he allotted to Alexander the commanders of legions took the third watch they of legions took the third watch they of legions took the third watch they also cast lots among themselves who also cast lots among themselves who also cast lots among themselves who should be upon the watch in the night should be upon the watch in the night should be upon the watch in the night time and who should go all night long time and who should go all night long time and who should go all night long round the spaces that were interposed round the spaces that were interposed round the spaces that were interposed between the Garrison's between the Garrison's between the Garrison's three so all hope of escaping was now three so all hope of escaping was now three so all hope of escaping was now cut off from the Jews together with cut off from the Jews together with cut off from the Jews together with their liberty of going out of the city their liberty of going out of the city their liberty of going out of the city then did the famine widen its progress then did the famine widen its progress then did the famine widen its progress and devoured the people by whole houses and devoured the people by whole houses and devoured the people by whole houses and Families the upper rooms were full and Families the upper rooms were full and Families the upper rooms were full of women and children that were dying by of women and children that were dying by of women and children that were dying by famine and the lanes of the city were famine and the lanes of the city were famine and the lanes of the city were full of the dead bodies of the agent the full of the dead bodies of the agent the full of the dead bodies of the agent the children also and the young men wandered children also and the young men wandered children also and the young men wandered about the marketplaces like shadows all about the marketplaces like shadows all about the marketplaces like shadows all swelled with the famine swelled with the famine swelled with the famine and fell down dead wheresoever their and fell down dead wheresoever their and fell down dead wheresoever their misery sees them as for burying them misery sees them as for burying them misery sees them as for burying them those that were sick themselves were not those that were sick themselves were not those that were sick themselves were not able to do it and those that were hearty able to do it and those that were hearty able to do it and those that were hearty and well were deterred from doing it by and well were deterred from doing it by and well were deterred from doing it by the great multitude of those dead bodies the great multitude of those dead bodies the great multitude of those dead bodies and by the uncertainty there was how and by the uncertainty there was how and by the uncertainty there was how soon they should die themselves for many soon they should die themselves for many soon they should die themselves for many died as they were burying others and died as they were burying others and died as they were burying others and many went to their coffins before that many went to their coffins before that many went to their coffins before that fatal hour was come nor was there any fatal hour was come nor was there any fatal hour was come nor was there any lamentations made under these calamities lamentations made under these calamities lamentations made under these calamities nor were heard any mournful complaints nor were heard any mournful complaints nor were heard any mournful complaints but the famine confounded all natural but the famine confounded all natural but the famine confounded all natural passions for those who were just going passions for those who were just going passions for those who were just going to die looked upon those that were gone to die looked upon those that were gone to die looked upon those that were gone to rest before them with dry eyes and to rest before them with dry eyes and to rest before them with dry eyes and open mouths a deep silence also and a

open mouths a deep silence also and a open mouths a deep silence also and a kind of deadly night had seized upon the kind of deadly night had seized upon the kind of deadly night had seized upon the city while yet robbers were still more city while yet robbers were still more city while yet robbers were still more terrible than those miseries were terrible than those miseries were terrible than those miseries were themselves for they break open those themselves for they break open those themselves for they break open those houses which were no other than graves houses which were no other than graves houses which were no other than graves of dead bodies and plundered them of of dead bodies and plundered them of of dead bodies and plundered them of what they had and carrying off the what they had and carrying off the what they had and carrying off the coverings of their bodies went out coverings of their bodies went out coverings of their bodies went out laughing and tried the points of their laughing and tried the points of their laughing and tried the points of their swords in their dead bodies and in order swords in their dead bodies and in order swords in their dead bodies and in order to prove what mettle they were made of to prove what mettle they were made of to prove what mettle they were made of they thrust some of those through that they thrust some of those through that they thrust some of those through that still lay alive upon the ground but for still lay alive upon the ground but for still lay alive upon the ground but for those that entreated them to lend them those that entreated them to lend them those that entreated them to lend them their right hand and their sword to their right hand and their sword to their right hand and their sword to dispatch them they were too proud to dispatch them they were too proud to dispatch them they were too proud to grant their requests and left them to be grant their requests and left them to be grant their requests and left them to be consumed by the famine now every one of consumed by the famine now every one of consumed by the famine now every one of these died with their eyes fixed upon these died with their eyes fixed upon these died with their eyes fixed upon the temple and left the seditious alive the temple and left the seditious alive the temple and left the seditious alive behind them now the seditious at first behind them now the seditious at first behind them now the seditious at first gave orders that the dead should be gave orders that the dead should be gave orders that the dead should be buried out of the public treasury as not buried out of the public treasury as not buried out of the public treasury as not enduring the stench of their dead bodies enduring the stench of their dead bodies enduring the stench of their dead bodies but afterwards when they could not do but afterwards when they could not do but afterwards when they could not do that they had them cast down from the that they had them cast down from the that they had them cast down from the walls into the valleys beneath for walls into the valleys beneath for walls into the valleys beneath for however when Titus in going his rounds however when Titus in going his rounds however when Titus in going his rounds along those valleys saw them full of along those valleys saw them full of along those valleys saw them full of dead bodies and the thick putrefaction dead bodies and the thick putrefaction dead bodies and the thick putrefaction running about them he gave a groan and running about them he gave a groan and running about them he gave a groan and spreading out his hands to heaven call spreading out his hands to heaven call spreading out his hands to heaven call God to witness that this was not his God to witness that this was not his God to witness that this was not his doing and such was the sad case of the doing and such was the sad case of the doing and such was the sad case of the city itself but the Romans were very city itself but the Romans were very city itself but the Romans were very joyful since none of the seditious could joyful since none of the seditious could joyful since none of the seditious could now make sally's out of the city because now make sally's out of the city because now make sally's out of the city because they were themselves disconsolate and they were themselves disconsolate and they were themselves disconsolate and the famine already touched them also the famine already touched them also the famine already touched them also these Romans beside had great plenty of these Romans beside had great plenty of these Romans beside had great plenty of corn and other corn and other corn and other necessaries out of Syria and out of the

necessaries out of Syria and out of the necessaries out of Syria and out of the neighboring provinces many of whom would neighboring provinces many of whom would neighboring provinces many of whom would stand near to the wall of the city and stand near to the wall of the city and stand near to the wall of the city and show the people what great quantities of show the people what great quantities of show the people what great quantities of provisions they had and so make the provisions they had and so make the provisions they had and so make the enemy more sensible of their famine by enemy more sensible of their famine by enemy more sensible of their famine by the great plenty even to satiety which the great plenty even to satiety which the great plenty even to satiety which they had themselves however when the they had themselves however when the they had themselves however when the seditious still showed no inclination of seditious still showed no inclination of seditious still showed no inclination of yielding Titus out of his commiseration yielding Titus out of his commiseration yielding Titus out of his commiseration of the people that remained and out of of the people that remained and out of of the people that remained and out of his earnest desire of rescuing what was his earnest desire of rescuing what was his earnest desire of rescuing what was still left out of these miseries began still left out of these miseries began still left out of these miseries began to raise his banks again although to raise his banks again although to raise his banks again although materials for them were hard too he came materials for them were hard too he came materials for them were hard too he came at four all the trees that were about at four all the trees that were about at four all the trees that were about the city had already been cut down for the city had already been cut down for the city had already been cut down for the making of the former banks yet did the making of the former banks yet did the making of the former banks yet did the soldiers bring with them other the soldiers bring with them other the soldiers bring with them other materials from the distance of ninety materials from the distance of ninety materials from the distance of ninety furlongs and thereby raised banks in furlongs and thereby raised banks in furlongs and thereby raised banks in four parts much greater than the former four parts much greater than the former four parts much greater than the former though this was only done at the Tower though this was only done at the Tower though this was only done at the Tower of Antonia so Caesar went his rounds of Antonia so Caesar went his rounds of Antonia so Caesar went his rounds through the legions and hastened on the through the legions and hastened on the through the legions and hastened on the works and showed the robbers that they works and showed the robbers that they works and showed the robbers that they were now in his hands but these men and were now in his hands but these men and were now in his hands but these men and these only were incapable of repenting these only were incapable of repenting these only were incapable of repenting of the wickedness 'as they had been of the wickedness 'as they had been of the wickedness 'as they had been guilty of and separating their souls guilty of and separating their souls guilty of and separating their souls from their bodies they used them both as from their bodies they used them both as from their bodies they used them both as if they belonged to other folks and not if they belonged to other folks and not if they belonged to other folks and not to themselves for no gentle affection to themselves for no gentle affection to themselves for no gentle affection could touch their souls nor could any could touch their souls nor could any could touch their souls nor could any pain affect their bodies since they pain affect their bodies since they pain affect their bodies since they could still tear the dead bodies of the could still tear the dead bodies of the could still tear the dead bodies of the people as dogs do and fill the prisons people as dogs do and fill the prisons people as dogs do and fill the prisons with those that were sick chapter xiii with those that were sick chapter xiii with those that were sick chapter xiii the great slaughters and sacrilege that the great slaughters and sacrilege that the great slaughters and sacrilege that were in Jerusalem one accordingly Simon were in Jerusalem one accordingly Simon were in Jerusalem one accordingly Simon would not suffer mathias by those means

would not suffer mathias by those means would not suffer mathias by those means he got possession of the city to go off he got possession of the city to go off he got possession of the city to go off without torment this matthias was the without torment this matthias was the without torment this matthias was the son of bou áthis and was one of the high son of bou áthis and was one of the high son of bou áthis and was one of the high priests one that had been very faithful priests one that had been very faithful priests one that had been very faithful to the people and in great esteem with to the people and in great esteem with to the people and in great esteem with them he when the multitude were them he when the multitude were them he when the multitude were distressed by the zealots among whom distressed by the zealots among whom distressed by the zealots among whom John was numbered persuaded the people John was numbered persuaded the people John was numbered persuaded the people to admit this Simon to come in to assist to admit this Simon to come in to assist to admit this Simon to come in to assist them while he had made no turns with him them while he had made no turns with him them while he had made no turns with him nor expected anything that was evil from nor expected anything that was evil from nor expected anything that was evil from him but when Simon was come in and had him but when Simon was come in and had him but when Simon was come in and had gotten the city under his power he gotten the city under his power he gotten the city under his power he esteemed him that had advised them to esteemed him that had advised them to esteemed him that had advised them to admit him as his enemy equally with the admit him as his enemy equally with the admit him as his enemy equally with the rest as looking upon that rest as looking upon that rest as looking upon that as a piece of his simplicity only so he as a piece of his simplicity only so he as a piece of his simplicity only so he had him then brought before him and had him then brought before him and had him then brought before him and condemned him to die for being on the condemned him to die for being on the condemned him to die for being on the side of the Romans without giving him side of the Romans without giving him side of the Romans without giving him leave to make his defense he condemned leave to make his defense he condemned leave to make his defense he condemned also his three sons to die with him for also his three sons to die with him for also his three sons to die with him for as to the fourth he prevented him by as to the fourth he prevented him by as to the fourth he prevented him by running away to Titus before and when he running away to Titus before and when he running away to Titus before and when he begged for this that he might be slain begged for this that he might be slain begged for this that he might be slain before his sons and that as a favour on before his sons and that as a favour on before his sons and that as a favour on account that he had procured the gates account that he had procured the gates account that he had procured the gates of the city to be open to him he gave of the city to be open to him he gave of the city to be open to him he gave order that he should be slain the last order that he should be slain the last order that he should be slain the last of them all so he was not slain till he of them all so he was not slain till he of them all so he was not slain till he had seen his son slain before his eyes had seen his son slain before his eyes had seen his son slain before his eyes and now by being produced over against and now by being produced over against and now by being produced over against the Romans for such a charge had Simon the Romans for such a charge had Simon the Romans for such a charge had Simon given to art Anna's the son of barbatus given to art Anna's the son of barbatus given to art Anna's the son of barbatus who had the most barbarous of all his who had the most barbarous of all his who had the most barbarous of all his guards he also just stood upon him and guards he also just stood upon him and guards he also just stood upon him and told him that he might now see whether told him that he might now see whether told him that he might now see whether those to whom he intended to go over those to whom he intended to go over those to whom he intended to go over would send him any suck or not

would send him any suck or not would send him any suck or not but still forbade their dead bodies but still forbade their dead bodies but still forbade their dead bodies should be buried after the slaughter of should be buried after the slaughter of should be buried after the slaughter of these a certain priest these a certain priest these a certain priest Ananias the son of masam Bhalla a person Ananias the son of masam Bhalla a person Ananias the son of masam Bhalla a person of eminence II as also our astons of eminence II as also our astons of eminence II as also our astons the scribe of the Sanhedrin and born at the scribe of the Sanhedrin and born at the scribe of the Sanhedrin and born at Emmaus and with them 15 men a figure Emmaus and with them 15 men a figure Emmaus and with them 15 men a figure among the people were slain they also among the people were slain they also among the people were slain they also kept Josephus his father in prison and kept Josephus his father in prison and kept Josephus his father in prison and made public Proclamation that no citizen made public Proclamation that no citizen made public Proclamation that no citizen whosoever should either speak to him whosoever should either speak to him whosoever should either speak to him himself himself himself or go into his company among others for or go into his company among others for or go into his company among others for fear he should betray them they also fear he should betray them they also fear he should betray them they also slew such as joined in lamenting these slew such as joined in lamenting these slew such as joined in lamenting these men without any further examination to men without any further examination to men without any further examination to now when Judas the son of Judas who was now when Judas the son of Judas who was now when Judas the son of Judas who was one assignments under officers and a one assignments under officers and a one assignments under officers and a person entrusted by him to keep one of person entrusted by him to keep one of person entrusted by him to keep one of the towers saw this procedure of Simon the towers saw this procedure of Simon the towers saw this procedure of Simon he called together 10 of those under him he called together 10 of those under him he called together 10 of those under him that were most faithful to him perhaps that were most faithful to him perhaps that were most faithful to him perhaps this was done partly out of pity to this was done partly out of pity to this was done partly out of pity to those that had so barbarously been put those that had so barbarously been put those that had so barbarously been put to death but principally in order to to death but principally in order to to death but principally in order to provide for his own safety and spoke provide for his own safety and spoke provide for his own safety and spoke thus to them how long shall we bear thus to them how long shall we bear thus to them how long shall we bear these miseries or what hopes have we of these miseries or what hopes have we of these miseries or what hopes have we of deliverance by thus continuing faithful deliverance by thus continuing faithful deliverance by thus continuing faithful to such wicked wretches is not the to such wicked wretches is not the to such wicked wretches is not the famine already come against us are not famine already come against us are not famine already come against us are not the Romans in a manner gotten within the the Romans in a manner gotten within the the Romans in a manner gotten within the city city city it's not Simon become unfaithful to his it's not Simon become unfaithful to his it's not Simon become unfaithful to his benefactors and is there not reason to benefactors and is there not reason to benefactors and is there not reason to fear he will very soon bring us to the fear he will very soon bring us to the fear he will very soon bring us to the light punishment while the security the light punishment while the security the light punishment while the security the Romans offer us is sure come on let us

Romans offer us is sure come on let us Romans offer us is sure come on let us surrender up this wall and save surrender up this wall and save surrender up this wall and save ourselves and the city nor will Simon be ourselves and the city nor will Simon be ourselves and the city nor will Simon be very much hurt if now he despairs of very much hurt if now he despairs of very much hurt if now he despairs of deliverance he be brought to justice a deliverance he be brought to justice a deliverance he be brought to justice a little sooner than he thinks on now little sooner than he thinks on now little sooner than he thinks on now these 10 were prevailed upon by these these 10 were prevailed upon by these these 10 were prevailed upon by these arguments so he sent the rest of those arguments so he sent the rest of those arguments so he sent the rest of those that were under him some one way and that were under him some one way and that were under him some one way and some another that no discovery might be some another that no discovery might be some another that no discovery might be made of what they had resolved upon made of what they had resolved upon made of what they had resolved upon accordingly he called to the Romans from accordingly he called to the Romans from accordingly he called to the Romans from the tower about the third hour but they the tower about the third hour but they the tower about the third hour but they some of them out of pride despise what some of them out of pride despise what some of them out of pride despise what he said and others of them did not he said and others of them did not he said and others of them did not believe him to be in earnest though the believe him to be in earnest though the believe him to be in earnest though the greatest number to lay the matter as greatest number to lay the matter as greatest number to lay the matter as believing they should get possession of believing they should get possession of believing they should get possession of the city in a little time without any the city in a little time without any the city in a little time without any hazard but when Titus was just coming hazard but when Titus was just coming hazard but when Titus was just coming thither with his armed men thither with his armed men thither with his armed men Simon was acquainted with the matter Simon was acquainted with the matter Simon was acquainted with the matter before he came and presently took the before he came and presently took the before he came and presently took the tower into his own custody before it was tower into his own custody before it was tower into his own custody before it was surrendered and seized upon these men surrendered and seized upon these men surrendered and seized upon these men and put them to death in the sight of and put them to death in the sight of and put them to death in the sight of the Romans themselves and when he had the Romans themselves and when he had the Romans themselves and when he had mangled their dead bodies he threw them mangled their dead bodies he threw them mangled their dead bodies he threw them down before the wall of the city 3 in down before the wall of the city 3 in down before the wall of the city 3 in the meantime Josephus as he was going the meantime Josephus as he was going the meantime Josephus as he was going around the city had his head wounded by around the city had his head wounded by around the city had his head wounded by a stone that was thrown at him upon a stone that was thrown at him upon a stone that was thrown at him upon which he fell down as giddy upon which which he fell down as giddy upon which which he fell down as giddy upon which fall of his the Jews made a sally and he fall of his the Jews made a sally and he fall of his the Jews made a sally and he had been hurried away into the city had been hurried away into the city had been hurried away into the city if Caesar had not sent men to protect if Caesar had not sent men to protect if Caesar had not sent men to protect him immediately and as these men were him immediately and as these men were him immediately and as these men were fighting Josephus was taken up though he fighting Josephus was taken up though he fighting Josephus was taken up though he heard little of what was done heard little of what was done heard little of what was done so the seditious suppose they had now so the seditious suppose they had now so the seditious suppose they had now slain that man whom they were the most

slain that man whom they were the most slain that man whom they were the most desirous of killing and made thereupon a desirous of killing and made thereupon a desirous of killing and made thereupon a great noise in way of rejoicing this great noise in way of rejoicing this great noise in way of rejoicing this accident was told in the city and the accident was told in the city and the accident was told in the city and the multitude that remained became very multitude that remained became very multitude that remained became very disconsolate at the news as being disconsolate at the news as being disconsolate at the news as being persuaded that he was really dead on persuaded that he was really dead on persuaded that he was really dead on whose account alone they could venture whose account alone they could venture whose account alone they could venture to desert to the Romans to desert to the Romans to desert to the Romans but when Josephus his mother heard in but when Josephus his mother heard in but when Josephus his mother heard in prison that her son was dead she said to prison that her son was dead she said to prison that her son was dead she said to those that watched about her that she those that watched about her that she those that watched about her that she had always been of the opinion since the had always been of the opinion since the had always been of the opinion since the siege of Joe capita that he would be siege of Joe capita that he would be siege of Joe capita that he would be slain and she should never enjoy him a slain and she should never enjoy him a slain and she should never enjoy him a lie lie lie anymore she also made great lamentation anymore she also made great lamentation anymore she also made great lamentation privately to the maid servants that were privately to the maid servants that were privately to the maid servants that were about her and said that this was all the about her and said that this was all the about her and said that this was all the advances she had of bringing so advances she had of bringing so advances she had of bringing so extraordinary a person as this son into extraordinary a person as this son into extraordinary a person as this son into the world that she should not be able the world that she should not be able the world that she should not be able even to bury that son of hers by whom even to bury that son of hers by whom even to bury that son of hers by whom she expected to have been buried herself she expected to have been buried herself she expected to have been buried herself however this false report did not put however this false report did not put however this false report did not put his mother to pain nor afford merriment his mother to pain nor afford merriment his mother to pain nor afford merriment to the robbers long for Josephus soon to the robbers long for Josephus soon to the robbers long for Josephus soon recovered of his wound and came out and recovered of his wound and came out and recovered of his wound and came out and cried out aloud that he would not be cried out aloud that he would not be cried out aloud that he would not be long ere they should be punished for long ere they should be punished for long ere they should be punished for this wound they had given him he also this wound they had given him he also this wound they had given him he also made a fresh exhortation to the people made a fresh exhortation to the people made a fresh exhortation to the people to come out upon the security that would to come out upon the security that would to come out upon the security that would be given them this sight of Josephus be given them this sight of Josephus be given them this sight of Josephus encouraged the people greatly and encouraged the people greatly and encouraged the people greatly and brought a great consternation upon the brought a great consternation upon the brought a great consternation upon the seditious for here upon some of the seditious for here upon some of the seditious for here upon some of the deserters having no other way leaped deserters having no other way leaped deserters having no other way leaped down from the wall immediately while down from the wall immediately while down from the wall immediately while others of them went out of the city with others of them went out of the city with others of them went out of the city with stones as if they would fight them but stones as if they would fight them but stones as if they would fight them but thereupon they fled away to the Romans thereupon they fled away to the Romans thereupon they fled away to the Romans but here a worse fate accompanied these

but here a worse fate accompanied these but here a worse fate accompanied these than what they had found within the city than what they had found within the city than what they had found within the city and they met with a quicker dispatch and they met with a quicker dispatch and they met with a quicker dispatch from the to great abundance they had from the to great abundance they had from the to great abundance they had among the Romans then they could have among the Romans then they could have among the Romans then they could have done from the famine among the Jews for done from the famine among the Jews for done from the famine among the Jews for when they came first to the Romans they when they came first to the Romans they when they came first to the Romans they were puffed up by the famine and swelled were puffed up by the famine and swelled were puffed up by the famine and swelled like men in a dropsy after which they like men in a dropsy after which they like men in a dropsy after which they all on a sudden overfilled those bodies all on a sudden overfilled those bodies all on a sudden overfilled those bodies that were before empty and so burst that were before empty and so burst that were before empty and so burst asunder accepting such only as we're asunder accepting such only as we're asunder accepting such only as we're skilful enough to restrain their skilful enough to restrain their skilful enough to restrain their appetites and by degrees took in their appetites and by degrees took in their appetites and by degrees took in their food into bodies unaccustomed thereto food into bodies unaccustomed thereto food into bodies unaccustomed thereto yet did another plague seize upon those yet did another plague seize upon those yet did another plague seize upon those that were thus preserved for there was that were thus preserved for there was that were thus preserved for there was found among the Syrian deserters a found among the Syrian deserters a found among the Syrian deserters a certain person who was caught gathering certain person who was caught gathering certain person who was caught gathering pieces of gold out of the excrements of pieces of gold out of the excrements of pieces of gold out of the excrements of the Jews bellies for the deserters used the Jews bellies for the deserters used the Jews bellies for the deserters used to swallow such pieces of gold as we to swallow such pieces of gold as we to swallow such pieces of gold as we told you before when they came out and told you before when they came out and told you before when they came out and for these did the seditious search them for these did the seditious search them for these did the seditious search them all for there was a great quantity of all for there was a great quantity of all for there was a great quantity of gold in the city in so much that as much gold in the city in so much that as much gold in the city in so much that as much was now sold in the Roman camp for was now sold in the Roman camp for was now sold in the Roman camp for twelve attic brands as was sold before twelve attic brands as was sold before twelve attic brands as was sold before for twenty-five but when this for twenty-five but when this for twenty-five but when this contrivance was discovered in one contrivance was discovered in one contrivance was discovered in one instance the fame of it filled their instance the fame of it filled their instance the fame of it filled their several camps that the deserters came to several camps that the deserters came to several camps that the deserters came to them full of gold them full of gold them full of gold so the multitude of the Arabians so the multitude of the Arabians so the multitude of the Arabians with the Syrians cut up those that came with the Syrians cut up those that came with the Syrians cut up those that came as supplicants and searched their as supplicants and searched their as supplicants and searched their bellies nor does it seem to me that any bellies nor does it seem to me that any bellies nor does it seem to me that any misery befell the Jews that was more misery befell the Jews that was more misery befell the Jews that was more terrible than this since in one night's terrible than this since in one night's terrible than this since in one night's time about 2000 of these deserters were time about 2000 of these deserters were time about 2000 of these deserters were thus dissected 5 when Titus came to the thus dissected 5 when Titus came to the thus dissected 5 when Titus came to the knowledge of this wicked practice he had

knowledge of this wicked practice he had knowledge of this wicked practice he had like to have surrounded those that had like to have surrounded those that had like to have surrounded those that had been guilty of it with his horse and been guilty of it with his horse and been guilty of it with his horse and have shot them dead and he had done it have shot them dead and he had done it have shot them dead and he had done it how not there never been so very great how not there never been so very great how not there never been so very great and those that were liable to this and those that were liable to this and those that were liable to this punishment would have been manifold more punishment would have been manifold more punishment would have been manifold more than those whom they had slain however than those whom they had slain however than those whom they had slain however he called together the commanders of the he called together the commanders of the he called together the commanders of the auxiliary troops he had with him as well auxiliary troops he had with him as well auxiliary troops he had with him as well as the commanders of the Roman legions as the commanders of the Roman legions as the commanders of the Roman legions for some of his own soldiers had been for some of his own soldiers had been for some of his own soldiers had been also guilty therein as he had been also guilty therein as he had been also guilty therein as he had been informed and had great indignation informed and had great indignation informed and had great indignation against both sorts of them and said to against both sorts of them and said to against both sorts of them and said to them what have any of my own soldiers them what have any of my own soldiers them what have any of my own soldiers done such things as this out of the done such things as this out of the done such things as this out of the uncertain hope of gain without regarding uncertain hope of gain without regarding uncertain hope of gain without regarding their own weapons which are made of their own weapons which are made of their own weapons which are made of silver and gold silver and gold silver and gold moreover do the Arabians and Syrians now moreover do the Arabians and Syrians now moreover do the Arabians and Syrians now first of all begin to govern themselves first of all begin to govern themselves first of all begin to govern themselves as they please and to indulge their as they please and to indulge their as they please and to indulge their appetites in a foreign war and then out appetites in a foreign war and then out appetites in a foreign war and then out of their barbarity in murdering men and of their barbarity in murdering men and of their barbarity in murdering men and out of their hatred to the Jews get out of their hatred to the Jews get out of their hatred to the Jews get ascribed to the Romans for this infamous ascribed to the Romans for this infamous ascribed to the Romans for this infamous practice was said to be spread among practice was said to be spread among practice was said to be spread among some of his own soldiers also Titus then some of his own soldiers also Titus then some of his own soldiers also Titus then threatened that he would put such men to threatened that he would put such men to threatened that he would put such men to death if any of them were discovered to death if any of them were discovered to death if any of them were discovered to be so insolent as to do so again be so insolent as to do so again be so insolent as to do so again moreover he gave it in charge to the moreover he gave it in charge to the moreover he gave it in charge to the legions that they should make a search legions that they should make a search legions that they should make a search after such as were suspected and should after such as were suspected and should after such as were suspected and should bring them to him but it appeared that bring them to him but it appeared that bring them to him but it appeared that the love of money was too hard for all the love of money was too hard for all the love of money was too hard for all their dread of punishment and a vehement their dread of punishment and a vehement their dread of punishment and a vehement desire of gain is natural to men and no desire of gain is natural to men and no desire of gain is natural to men and no passion is so venturesome as passion is so venturesome as passion is so venturesome as covetousness otherwise such passions

covetousness otherwise such passions covetousness otherwise such passions have certain bounds and are subordinate have certain bounds and are subordinate have certain bounds and are subordinate to fear but in reality it was God who to fear but in reality it was God who to fear but in reality it was God who condemned the whole nation and turned condemned the whole nation and turned condemned the whole nation and turned every course that was taken for their every course that was taken for their every course that was taken for their preservation to their destruction this preservation to their destruction this preservation to their destruction this therefore which was forbidden by Caesar therefore which was forbidden by Caesar therefore which was forbidden by Caesar under such as threatening was ventured under such as threatening was ventured under such as threatening was ventured upon privately against the deserters and upon privately against the deserters and upon privately against the deserters and these barbarians would go out still and these barbarians would go out still and these barbarians would go out still and meet those that ran away meet those that ran away meet those that ran away before any saw them and looking about before any saw them and looking about before any saw them and looking about them to see that no Romans buy them they them to see that no Romans buy them they them to see that no Romans buy them they dissected them and pulled this polluted dissected them and pulled this polluted dissected them and pulled this polluted money out of their bowels which money money out of their bowels which money money out of their bowels which money was still found in a few of them while was still found in a few of them while was still found in a few of them while yet a great many were destroyed by the yet a great many were destroyed by the yet a great many were destroyed by the Bayer hope that there was of thus Bayer hope that there was of thus Bayer hope that there was of thus getting by them which miserable getting by them which miserable getting by them which miserable treatment made many that were deserting treatment made many that were deserting treatment made many that were deserting to return back again into the city six to return back again into the city six to return back again into the city six but as for John when he could no longer but as for John when he could no longer but as for John when he could no longer plunder the people he be took himself to plunder the people he be took himself to plunder the people he be took himself to sacrilege and melted down many of the sacrilege and melted down many of the sacrilege and melted down many of the sacred utensils which had been given to sacred utensils which had been given to sacred utensils which had been given to the temple as also many of those vessels the temple as also many of those vessels the temple as also many of those vessels which were necessary for such as which were necessary for such as which were necessary for such as ministered about holy things the ministered about holy things the ministered about holy things the cauldrons the dishes and the tables nay cauldrons the dishes and the tables nay cauldrons the dishes and the tables nay he did not abstain from those pouring he did not abstain from those pouring he did not abstain from those pouring vessels that were sent down by Augustus vessels that were sent down by Augustus vessels that were sent down by Augustus and his wife for the Roman emperors did and his wife for the Roman emperors did and his wife for the Roman emperors did ever both honor and adore this temple ever both honor and adore this temple ever both honor and adore this temple whereas this man who was a Jew seized whereas this man who was a Jew seized whereas this man who was a Jew seized upon what were the donations of upon what were the donations of upon what were the donations of foreigners and said to those that were foreigners and said to those that were foreigners and said to those that were with him that it was proper for them to with him that it was proper for them to with him that it was proper for them to use divine things while they were use divine things while they were use divine things while they were fighting for the divinity without fear fighting for the divinity without fear fighting for the divinity without fear and that such whose warfare is for the and that such whose warfare is for the and that such whose warfare is for the temple should live of the temple on

temple should live of the temple on temple should live of the temple on which account he emptied the vessels of which account he emptied the vessels of which account he emptied the vessels of that sacred wine in oil which the that sacred wine in oil which the that sacred wine in oil which the priests kept to be poured on the burnt priests kept to be poured on the burnt priests kept to be poured on the burnt offerings and which lay in the inner offerings and which lay in the inner offerings and which lay in the inner Court of the temple and distributed it Court of the temple and distributed it Court of the temple and distributed it among the multitude who in their among the multitude who in their among the multitude who in their anointing themselves and drinking use anointing themselves and drinking use anointing themselves and drinking use each of them above an Hin of themselves each of them above an Hin of themselves each of them above an Hin of themselves and here I cannot but speak my mind and and here I cannot but speak my mind and and here I cannot but speak my mind and what the concern I am under dictates me what the concern I am under dictates me what the concern I am under dictates me and it is this I suppose that had the and it is this I suppose that had the and it is this I suppose that had the Romans made any longer delay in coming Romans made any longer delay in coming Romans made any longer delay in coming against these villains that the city against these villains that the city against these villains that the city would either have been swallowed up by would either have been swallowed up by would either have been swallowed up by the ground opening upon them or been the ground opening upon them or been the ground opening upon them or been overflowed by water or else been overflowed by water or else been overflowed by water or else been destroyed by such Thunder as the country destroyed by such Thunder as the country destroyed by such Thunder as the country of Sodom perished by for it had brought of Sodom perished by for it had brought of Sodom perished by for it had brought forth a generation of men much more forth a generation of men much more forth a generation of men much more atheistic 'el than were those that atheistic 'el than were those that atheistic 'el than were those that suffered such punishments for by their suffered such punishments for by their suffered such punishments for by their madness it was that all the people came madness it was that all the people came madness it was that all the people came to be destroyed footnote Josephus both to be destroyed footnote Josephus both to be destroyed footnote Josephus both here and before book 4 chapter 8 section here and before book 4 chapter 8 section here and before book 4 chapter 8 section 4 Essenes the land of Sodom not as part 4 Essenes the land of Sodom not as part 4 Essenes the land of Sodom not as part of the lake asphalt Terrace or under its of the lake asphalt Terrace or under its of the lake asphalt Terrace or under its waters but near it only waters but near it only waters but near it only as Tacitus also took the same notion as Tacitus also took the same notion as Tacitus also took the same notion from him from him from him which the great reelin takes to be the which the great reelin takes to be the which the great reelin takes to be the very truth both in his notes on this very truth both in his notes on this very truth both in his notes on this place and in his Palestina though I place and in his Palestina though I place and in his Palestina though I rather suppose part of that region of rather suppose part of that region of rather suppose part of that region of pentapolis is now under the waters of pentapolis is now under the waters of pentapolis is now under the waters of the south part of that sea but perhaps the south part of that sea but perhaps the south part of that sea but perhaps not the whole country and footnote 7 and not the whole country and footnote 7 and not the whole country and footnote 7 and indeed why do I relate these particular

indeed why do I relate these particular indeed why do I relate these particular calamities while manious the son of calamities while manious the son of calamities while manious the son of Lazarus came running to Titus at this Lazarus came running to Titus at this Lazarus came running to Titus at this very time and told him that there had very time and told him that there had very time and told him that there had been carried out through that one gate been carried out through that one gate been carried out through that one gate which was entrusted to his care no fewer which was entrusted to his care no fewer which was entrusted to his care no fewer than a hundred and fifteen thousand than a hundred and fifteen thousand than a hundred and fifteen thousand eight hundred and eighty dead bodies in eight hundred and eighty dead bodies in eight hundred and eighty dead bodies in the interval between the 14th day of the the interval between the 14th day of the the interval between the 14th day of the month Xanthi EIA's Nisan when the Romans month Xanthi EIA's Nisan when the Romans month Xanthi EIA's Nisan when the Romans pitched their camp by the city and the pitched their camp by the city and the pitched their camp by the city and the 1st day of the month 1st day of the month 1st day of the month panama's Tammuz this was itself a panama's Tammuz this was itself a panama's Tammuz this was itself a prodigious multitude and though this man prodigious multitude and though this man prodigious multitude and though this man was not himself set as a governor at was not himself set as a governor at was not himself set as a governor at that gate yet he was appointed to pay that gate yet he was appointed to pay that gate yet he was appointed to pay the public stipend for carrying these the public stipend for carrying these the public stipend for carrying these bodies out and so was obliged of bodies out and so was obliged of bodies out and so was obliged of necessity to number them while the rest necessity to number them while the rest necessity to number them while the rest were buried by their relations though were buried by their relations though were buried by their relations though all their burial was but this to bring all their burial was but this to bring all their burial was but this to bring them away and cast them out of the city them away and cast them out of the city them away and cast them out of the city after this man there ran away to Titus after this man there ran away to Titus after this man there ran away to Titus many of the eminent citizens and told many of the eminent citizens and told many of the eminent citizens and told him the entire number of the poor that him the entire number of the poor that him the entire number of the poor that were dead and that no fewer than 600,000 were dead and that no fewer than 600,000 were dead and that no fewer than 600,000 were thrown out at the gates though were thrown out at the gates though were thrown out at the gates though still the number of the rest could not still the number of the rest could not still the number of the rest could not be discovered and they told him further be discovered and they told him further be discovered and they told him further that when they were no longer able to that when they were no longer able to that when they were no longer able to carry out the dead bodies of the poor carry out the dead bodies of the poor carry out the dead bodies of the poor they laid their corpses on heaps in very they laid their corpses on heaps in very they laid their corpses on heaps in very large houses and shut them up therein as large houses and shut them up therein as large houses and shut them up therein as also that a madam nests of wheat was also that a madam nests of wheat was also that a madam nests of wheat was sold for a talent and that when a while sold for a talent and that when a while sold for a talent and that when a while afterward it was not possible to gather afterward it was not possible to gather afterward it was not possible to gather herbs by reason the city was all walled herbs by reason the city was all walled herbs by reason the city was all walled about some persons were driven to that about some persons were driven to that about some persons were driven to that terrible distress as to search the terrible distress as to search the terrible distress as to search the common sewers and old dung Hills of common sewers and old dung Hills of common sewers and old dung Hills of cattle and to eat the dung which they

cattle and to eat the dung which they cattle and to eat the dung which they got there and what they have old could got there and what they have old could got there and what they have old could not endure so much as to see they now not endure so much as to see they now not endure so much as to see they now used for food when the Romans barely used for food when the Romans barely used for food when the Romans barely heard all this heard all this heard all this they commiserated their case while the they commiserated their case while the they commiserated their case while the seditious who saw it also did not repent seditious who saw it also did not repent seditious who saw it also did not repent but suffered the same distress to come but suffered the same distress to come but suffered the same distress to come upon upon upon themselves for they were blinded by that themselves for they were blinded by that themselves for they were blinded by that fate which was already coming upon the fate which was already coming upon the fate which was already coming upon the city and upon themselves and a book 5 city and upon themselves and a book 5 city and upon themselves and a book 5 chapters 12 and 13