The History Of Standard Oil, Ch 13 - Standard Oil And Politics

chapter 13 the Standard Oil Company and chapter 13 the Standard Oil Company and politics the case is described in the politics the case is described in the politics the case is described in the last two chapters naturally aroused last two chapters naturally aroused last two chapters naturally aroused intense interest in the oil regions the intense interest in the oil regions the intense interest in the oil regions the two in Ohio demonstrated afresh the two in Ohio demonstrated afresh the two in Ohio demonstrated afresh the chief grievances which the oil men had chief grievances which the oil men had chief grievances which the oil men had against the Standard Oil Company since against the Standard Oil Company since against the Standard Oil Company since 1872 that they were securing rebates on 1872 that they were securing rebates on 1872 that they were securing rebates on their own shipments and drawbacks on their own shipments and drawbacks on their own shipments and drawbacks on those of their competitors the Buffalo those of their competitors the Buffalo those of their competitors the Buffalo case demonstrated that when they're case demonstrated that when they're case demonstrated that when they're ordinary advantages failed to get a ordinary advantages failed to get a ordinary advantages failed to get a rival out of the way they winked at rival out of the way they winked at rival out of the way they winked at methods which the jury called criminal methods which the jury called criminal methods which the jury called criminal it was fresh proof of what the oil men it was fresh proof of what the oil men it was fresh proof of what the oil men had always claimed that the Standard Oil had always claimed that the Standard Oil had always claimed that the Standard Oil Company was conspiracy at the same time Company was conspiracy at the same time Company was conspiracy at the same time that these cases were arousing their that these cases were arousing their that these cases were arousing their indignation and knew there occurred in indignation and knew there occurred in indignation and knew there occurred in Ohio an affair which gave them new Ohio an affair which gave them new Ohio an affair which gave them new evidence of their old charge that the evidence of their old charge that the evidence of their old charge that the standard was steadily entrenching itself standard was steadily entrenching itself standard was steadily entrenching itself in state and national politics in order in state and national politics in order in state and national politics in order to direct the course of legislation to to direct the course of legislation to to direct the course of legislation to suit itself there had been many suit itself there had been many suit itself there had been many evidences of this satisfactory enough to evidences of this satisfactory enough to evidences of this satisfactory enough to be initiated there was no doubt that the be initiated there was no doubt that the be initiated there was no doubt that the investigation of 1876 and the first bill investigation of 1876 and the first bill investigation of 1876 and the first bill to regulate interstate commerce to regulate interstate commerce to regulate interstate commerce introduced at that time had been introduced at that time had been introduced at that time had been squelched largely through the efforts of squelched largely through the efforts of squelched largely through the efforts of two members of Congress one of them two members of Congress one of them two members of Congress one of them directly and the other indirectly directly and the other indirectly directly and the other indirectly interested in the standard these were J interested in the standard these were J interested in the standard these were J n Camden of West Virginia head of the n Camden of West Virginia head of the n Camden of West Virginia head of the Camden consolidated Oil Company now one Camden consolidated Oil Company now one Camden consolidated Oil Company now one of the constituent companies of the of the constituent companies of the of the constituent companies of the Standard Oil Trust and HP Payne of Ohio

Standard Oil Trust and HP Payne of Ohio Standard Oil Trust and HP Payne of Ohio the father of the treasurer of the the father of the treasurer of the the father of the treasurer of the standard Oliver H Payne it had certainly standard Oliver H Payne it had certainly standard Oliver H Payne it had certainly used its influence to oppose the free used its influence to oppose the free used its influence to oppose the free pipeline bill which the independent pipeline bill which the independent pipeline bill which the independent oilmen had been fighting for since the oilmen had been fighting for since the oilmen had been fighting for since the early days of the industry in 1878 and early days of the industry in 1878 and early days of the industry in 1878 and 1879 during the prosecution of the suits 1879 during the prosecution of the suits 1879 during the prosecution of the suits against the railroads and the standard against the railroads and the standard against the railroads and the standard by the Petroleum Producers Union there by the Petroleum Producers Union there by the Petroleum Producers Union there had been incest in charge of the use of had been incest in charge of the use of had been incest in charge of the use of political influence to secure delay it political influence to secure delay it political influence to secure delay it was a matter of constant comment in Ohio was a matter of constant comment in Ohio was a matter of constant comment in Ohio New York and Pennsylvania that the New York and Pennsylvania that the New York and Pennsylvania that the standard was active in all elections and standard was active in all elections and standard was active in all elections and that it stood in with every that it stood in with every that it stood in with every ambitious young politician that rarely ambitious young politician that rarely ambitious young politician that rarely did an able young lawyer get into office did an able young lawyer get into office did an able young lawyer get into office who was not retained by the standard the who was not retained by the standard the who was not retained by the standard the company seems to have taken a hand in company seems to have taken a hand in company seems to have taken a hand in politics even before the days of the politics even before the days of the politics even before the days of the South improvement company for mr. Payne South improvement company for mr. Payne South improvement company for mr. Payne once said in the United States Senate once said in the United States Senate once said in the United States Senate that when he was a candidate for the that when he was a candidate for the that when he was a candidate for the House of Representatives in 1871 no House of Representatives in 1871 no House of Representatives in 1871 no Association no combination in his Association no combination in his Association no combination in his district did more to bring about his district did more to bring about his district did more to bring about his defeat or spent so much money to defeat or spent so much money to defeat or spent so much money to accomplish it as the Standard Oil accomplish it as the Standard Oil accomplish it as the Standard Oil Company but all of the examples they Company but all of the examples they Company but all of the examples they quoted were more or less poor and quoted were more or less poor and quoted were more or less poor and evidence of no one of them perhaps could evidence of no one of them perhaps could evidence of no one of them perhaps could they have produced satisfactory proof they have produced satisfactory proof they have produced satisfactory proof now however simultaneously within the now however simultaneously within the now however simultaneously within the three cases outlined in the last two three cases outlined in the last two three cases outlined in the last two chapters there came a case of bribery in chapters there came a case of bribery in chapters there came a case of bribery in an election which they held establish an election which they held establish an election which they held establish their charge the case was the familiar

their charge the case was the familiar their charge the case was the familiar one of the election of HB Payne of Ohio one of the election of HB Payne of Ohio one of the election of HB Payne of Ohio to the United States Senate in January to the United States Senate in January to the United States Senate in January 1884 mr. Payne was at the time of his 1884 mr. Payne was at the time of his 1884 mr. Payne was at the time of his election the aristocratic are axial loss election the aristocratic are axial loss election the aristocratic are axial loss of Cleveland Ohio he had birth and of Cleveland Ohio he had birth and of Cleveland Ohio he had birth and education distinction of manner and mine education distinction of manner and mine education distinction of manner and mine his fine old mansion still remains one his fine old mansion still remains one his fine old mansion still remains one of the most distinguished houses in a of the most distinguished houses in a of the most distinguished houses in a city of beautiful homes he had been city of beautiful homes he had been city of beautiful homes he had been active in democratic politics for many active in democratic politics for many active in democratic politics for many years a member of the state Senate and a years a member of the state Senate and a years a member of the state Senate and a member of Congress and he had been member of Congress and he had been member of Congress and he had been mentioned as the Democratic candidate mentioned as the Democratic candidate mentioned as the Democratic candidate for the presidency in 1880 receiving 81 for the presidency in 1880 receiving 81 for the presidency in 1880 receiving 81 votes on the first ballot at the time of votes on the first ballot at the time of votes on the first ballot at the time of his election to the Senate he was a man his election to the Senate he was a man his election to the Senate he was a man 74 years old now mr. Payne's son Oliver 74 years old now mr. Payne's son Oliver 74 years old now mr. Payne's son Oliver H Payne was one of the thirteen original H Payne was one of the thirteen original H Payne was one of the thirteen original members of the South improvement company members of the South improvement company members of the South improvement company and one of the rare Cleveland refiners and one of the rare Cleveland refiners and one of the rare Cleveland refiners who had a strong enough stomach to go who had a strong enough stomach to go who had a strong enough stomach to go into the Standard Oil Company when it into the Standard Oil Company when it into the Standard Oil Company when it swept up the oil trade of Cleveland in swept up the oil trade of Cleveland in swept up the oil trade of Cleveland in 1872 and he had gathered in his share of 1872 and he had gathered in his share of 1872 and he had gathered in his share of the spoils of that raid the spoils of that raid the spoils of that raid Oliver Payne was proud of his father and Oliver Payne was proud of his father and Oliver Payne was proud of his father and it was well known that he wanted to see it was well known that he wanted to see it was well known that he wanted to see him in the Senate of the United States him in the Senate of the United States him in the Senate of the United States but there had been no movement to but there had been no movement to but there had been no movement to nominate him and in 1883 he seems to nominate him and in 1883 he seems to nominate him and in 1883 he seems to have made up his mind to see what he have made up his mind to see what he have made up his mind to see what he could do are you could do are you could do are you nighted state senator was to be elected nighted state senator was to be elected nighted state senator was to be elected in Ohio in November in October a new in Ohio in November in October a new in Ohio in November in October a new state legislature was chosen and the state legislature was chosen and the state legislature was chosen and the Democratic members were instructed for Democratic members were instructed for

Democratic members were instructed for one of two candidates for the Senate one of two candidates for the Senate one of two candidates for the Senate george h pendleton or general durbin george h pendleton or general durbin george h pendleton or general durbin Ward both men of prominence and long Ward both men of prominence and long Ward both men of prominence and long service in the public life of the state service in the public life of the state service in the public life of the state mr. Payne's name was not mentioned in mr. Payne's name was not mentioned in mr. Payne's name was not mentioned in the canvass nevertheless hardly had the the canvass nevertheless hardly had the the canvass nevertheless hardly had the legislature convened when there sprang legislature convened when there sprang legislature convened when there sprang up at the Neal house in Columbus an up at the Neal house in Columbus an up at the Neal house in Columbus an extraordinary pain boom its backers were extraordinary pain boom its backers were extraordinary pain boom its backers were senator Payne's own son Oliver H Payne senator Payne's own son Oliver H Payne senator Payne's own son Oliver H Payne at that time treasurer of the Standard at that time treasurer of the Standard at that time treasurer of the Standard Oil Company and Colonel Thompson a Oil Company and Colonel Thompson a Oil Company and Colonel Thompson a prominent personage in the same concern prominent personage in the same concern prominent personage in the same concern their lieutenants were also members of their lieutenants were also members of their lieutenants were also members of the company in one capacity or another the company in one capacity or another the company in one capacity or another large sums of money were alleged to have large sums of money were alleged to have large sums of money were alleged to have been circulated there was a rumor that been circulated there was a rumor that been circulated there was a rumor that Oliver Payne said the election cost him Oliver Payne said the election cost him Oliver Payne said the election cost him $100,000 it was claimed that it could be $100,000 it was claimed that it could be $100,000 it was claimed that it could be proved at a check for $65,000 have been proved at a check for $65,000 have been proved at a check for $65,000 have been cashed in Cleveland by one of the men cashed in Cleveland by one of the men cashed in Cleveland by one of the men most prominent in the Payne boom and most prominent in the Payne boom and most prominent in the Payne boom and that the whole sum had been spent in that the whole sum had been spent in that the whole sum had been spent in Columbus a perfect uproar of indignation Columbus a perfect uproar of indignation Columbus a perfect uproar of indignation followed the announcement of mr. Payne's followed the announcement of mr. Payne's followed the announcement of mr. Payne's choice all over the state the Standard choice all over the state the Standard choice all over the state the Standard Oil Company was charged with the Oil Company was charged with the Oil Company was charged with the election the Democratic press was election the Democratic press was election the Democratic press was particularly bitter said the Butler particularly bitter said the Butler particularly bitter said the Butler County Democrat it was simply a question County Democrat it was simply a question County Democrat it was simply a question whether Pendleton ward Thurmond Converse whether Pendleton ward Thurmond Converse whether Pendleton ward Thurmond Converse Follette Geddes or any other capable and Follette Geddes or any other capable and Follette Geddes or any other capable and honest Democrat should receive the honest Democrat should receive the honest Democrat should receive the compliments of a seat in the Senate or compliments of a seat in the Senate or compliments of a seat in the Senate or that the Standard Oil Company should buy that the Standard Oil Company should buy that the Standard Oil Company should buy the place for Henry Dean pain it was an

the place for Henry Dean pain it was an the place for Henry Dean pain it was an honest and divided democracy against the honest and divided democracy against the honest and divided democracy against the Hydra headed dictatorship of Richmond on Hydra headed dictatorship of Richmond on Hydra headed dictatorship of Richmond on whose manor was inscribed moneytalks the whose manor was inscribed moneytalks the whose manor was inscribed moneytalks the Carroll County Chronicle in commenting Carroll County Chronicle in commenting Carroll County Chronicle in commenting on the election said it is a great on the election said it is a great on the election said it is a great mistake to suppose Standard Oil has mistake to suppose Standard Oil has mistake to suppose Standard Oil has captured the Democratic Party of Ohio it captured the Democratic Party of Ohio it captured the Democratic Party of Ohio it may have captured a score or two of men may have captured a score or two of men may have captured a score or two of men elected to the legislature but they are elected to the legislature but they are elected to the legislature but they are not the democracy of Ohio by a long shot not the democracy of Ohio by a long shot not the democracy of Ohio by a long shot when the British got general Benedict when the British got general Benedict when the British got general Benedict Arnold they imagined they had captured Arnold they imagined they had captured Arnold they imagined they had captured the United States Army but it was a the United States Army but it was a the United States Army but it was a mistake mistake mistake the monopoly of the Standard Oil Company the monopoly of the Standard Oil Company the monopoly of the Standard Oil Company must be destroyed declared the Columbus must be destroyed declared the Columbus must be destroyed declared the Columbus times its intrusion into political times its intrusion into political times its intrusion into political circles must be prevented there must be circles must be prevented there must be circles must be prevented there must be no latter acceptance of this outrage no latter acceptance of this outrage no latter acceptance of this outrage political purity and perpetuity permit political purity and perpetuity permit political purity and perpetuity permit no complacency these pernicious foreign no complacency these pernicious foreign no complacency these pernicious foreign elements must be eradicated and until elements must be eradicated and until elements must be eradicated and until they are no Democrat will enter the they are no Democrat will enter the they are no Democrat will enter the capital of Ohio or of the nation the capital of Ohio or of the nation the capital of Ohio or of the nation the rottenness that uncovered itself last rottenness that uncovered itself last rottenness that uncovered itself last night has not its confines in Ohio the night has not its confines in Ohio the night has not its confines in Ohio the comments were not confined to papers of comments were not confined to papers of comments were not confined to papers of the state the new york sun under the the state the new york sun under the the state the new york sun under the head was pains election bought said the head was pains election bought said the head was pains election bought said the subjoined communication from a source subjoined communication from a source subjoined communication from a source which we always respect is worthy of which we always respect is worthy of which we always respect is worthy of more attention than is usually bestowed more attention than is usually bestowed more attention than is usually bestowed upon the animated expressions of those upon the animated expressions of those upon the animated expressions of those whose preferences have not been realized whose preferences have not been realized whose preferences have not been realized it is now believed and I believe that it is now believed and I believe that it is now believed and I believe that the Standard Oil Company recently bought the Standard Oil Company recently bought the Standard Oil Company recently bought with money Ohio seat in the Senate of

with money Ohio seat in the Senate of with money Ohio seat in the Senate of the United States for mr. Paine now can the United States for mr. Paine now can the United States for mr. Paine now can the social respectability of a man make the social respectability of a man make the social respectability of a man make such a crime respectable or is there to such a crime respectable or is there to such a crime respectable or is there to be one standard of political morality be one standard of political morality be one standard of political morality for Republicans and another for for Republicans and another for for Republicans and another for Democrats or our Democrats expected to Democrats or our Democrats expected to Democrats or our Democrats expected to condemn corruption only when practiced condemn corruption only when practiced condemn corruption only when practiced by Republicans and to condone defend and by Republicans and to condone defend and by Republicans and to condone defend and cover it up when practiced by Democrats cover it up when practiced by Democrats cover it up when practiced by Democrats or when it is found only in the or when it is found only in the or when it is found only in the Democratic Party in my opinion there is Democratic Party in my opinion there is Democratic Party in my opinion there is no danger so threatening to free no danger so threatening to free no danger so threatening to free institutions as the sale and purchase of institutions as the sale and purchase of institutions as the sale and purchase of political power and nothing more to be political power and nothing more to be political power and nothing more to be condemned although these charges were condemned although these charges were condemned although these charges were kept up for two years neither the kept up for two years neither the kept up for two years neither the Standard Oil Company mr. Paine nor the Standard Oil Company mr. Paine nor the Standard Oil Company mr. Paine nor the legislature which had elected him legislature which had elected him legislature which had elected him noticed them the scandal became one of noticed them the scandal became one of noticed them the scandal became one of the issues of the next campaign and was the issues of the next campaign and was the issues of the next campaign and was instrumental in making the next instrumental in making the next instrumental in making the next legislature of Ohio Republican as soon legislature of Ohio Republican as soon legislature of Ohio Republican as soon as the new legislature convened at the as the new legislature convened at the as the new legislature convened at the opening of 1886 an investigation of the opening of 1886 an investigation of the opening of 1886 an investigation of the Payne case was ordered some 55 witnesses Payne case was ordered some 55 witnesses Payne case was ordered some 55 witnesses were examined and the resulting were examined and the resulting were examined and the resulting testimony turned over to the Senate of testimony turned over to the Senate of testimony turned over to the Senate of the United States for its examination the United States for its examination the United States for its examination the testimony did not prove the charge the testimony did not prove the charge the testimony did not prove the charge of bribery the Ohio legislature said of bribery the Ohio legislature said of bribery the Ohio legislature said but it was of such a nature as to but it was of such a nature as to but it was of such a nature as to require the Senate's attention the require the Senate's attention the require the Senate's attention the matter went to the Senate Committee on matter went to the Senate Committee on matter went to the Senate Committee on Elections and in July 1886 a majority Elections and in July 1886 a majority Elections and in July 1886 a majority reported against the further reported against the further reported against the further investigation asked by the state of Ohio investigation asked by the state of Ohio investigation asked by the state of Ohio against this decision two members of the

against this decision two members of the against this decision two members of the committee senators hor and FRA protested committee senators hor and FRA protested committee senators hor and FRA protested is the Senate to deny to the people of a is the Senate to deny to the people of a is the Senate to deny to the people of a great state speaking through their great state speaking through their great state speaking through their legislature and the representative legislature and the representative legislature and the representative citizens the only opportunity for a citizens the only opportunity for a citizens the only opportunity for a hearing of this momentous case which can hearing of this momentous case which can hearing of this momentous case which can exist under the Constitution we have not exist under the Constitution we have not exist under the Constitution we have not prejudged the case nor do we mean to prejudged the case nor do we mean to prejudged the case nor do we mean to prejudge it we sincerely trust that the prejudge it we sincerely trust that the prejudge it we sincerely trust that the investigation which is as much demanded investigation which is as much demanded investigation which is as much demanded for the honor of the sitting members as for the honor of the sitting members as for the honor of the sitting members as for that of the Senate or the state of for that of the Senate or the state of for that of the Senate or the state of Ohio may result in vindicating his title Ohio may result in vindicating his title Ohio may result in vindicating his title to his seat and a good name of the to his seat and a good name of the to his seat and a good name of the legislature that elected him how can a legislature that elected him how can a legislature that elected him how can a question of bribery ever be raised or question of bribery ever be raised or question of bribery ever be raised or ever be investigated if the arguments ever be investigated if the arguments ever be investigated if the arguments against this investigation prevail you against this investigation prevail you against this investigation prevail you do not suppose that the men who drive or do not suppose that the men who drive or do not suppose that the men who drive or the men who are bribed will volunteer to the men who are bribed will volunteer to the men who are bribed will volunteer to furnish evidence against themselves you furnish evidence against themselves you furnish evidence against themselves you do not expect that impartial and do not expect that impartial and do not expect that impartial and unimpeachable witnesses will be present unimpeachable witnesses will be present unimpeachable witnesses will be present at the transaction ordinarily of course at the transaction ordinarily of course at the transaction ordinarily of course if a claim like this be brought to the if a claim like this be brought to the if a claim like this be brought to the attention of the Senate from a attention of the Senate from a attention of the Senate from a respectable quarter that a title to a respectable quarter that a title to a respectable quarter that a title to a seat here was obtained by corrupt means seat here was obtained by corrupt means seat here was obtained by corrupt means the senator concerned will hasten to the senator concerned will hasten to the senator concerned will hasten to demand an investigation but that is demand an investigation but that is demand an investigation but that is wholly within his own discretion and wholly within his own discretion and wholly within his own discretion and does not affect the due mode of does not affect the due mode of does not affect the due mode of procedure by the Senate from the nature procedure by the Senate from the nature procedure by the Senate from the nature of this case the process of the Senate of this case the process of the Senate of this case the process of the Senate must compel the persons who conducted to must compel the persons who conducted to must compel the persons who conducted to canvass and the persons who made the canvass and the persons who made the canvass and the persons who made the election to appear and disclose what election to appear and disclose what election to appear and disclose what they know and until that process issue

they know and until that process issue they know and until that process issue you must act upon such information only you must act upon such information only you must act upon such information only as is enough to cause inquiry in the as is enough to cause inquiry in the as is enough to cause inquiry in the ordinary affairs of life the question ordinary affairs of life the question ordinary affairs of life the question now is not whether the case is proved it now is not whether the case is proved it now is not whether the case is proved it is only whether it shall be inquired is only whether it shall be inquired is only whether it shall be inquired into that has never yet been done it into that has never yet been done it into that has never yet been done it cannot be done until the Senate issues cannot be done until the Senate issues cannot be done until the Senate issues its process no unwilling witness has its process no unwilling witness has its process no unwilling witness has ever yet been compelled to testify no ever yet been compelled to testify no ever yet been compelled to testify no process process process has gone out which could cross state has gone out which could cross state has gone out which could cross state lines this Senate is now to determine as lines this Senate is now to determine as lines this Senate is now to determine as the law of the present case and as the the law of the present case and as the the law of the present case and as the precedent for all future cases as to the precedent for all future cases as to the precedent for all future cases as to the great crime of bribery a crime which great crime of bribery a crime which great crime of bribery a crime which poisons the waters of Republican liberty poisons the waters of Republican liberty poisons the waters of Republican liberty in the fountain that the circumstances in the fountain that the circumstances in the fountain that the circumstances which here appear are not enough to which here appear are not enough to which here appear are not enough to demand its attention for three demand its attention for three demand its attention for three oppressive July days the Senate gave oppressive July days the Senate gave oppressive July days the Senate gave almost all of its time to a bitter almost all of its time to a bitter almost all of its time to a bitter debate on the report the name of the debate on the report the name of the debate on the report the name of the standard was freely used the Senate of standard was freely used the Senate of standard was freely used the Senate of the United States said senator pry when the United States said senator pry when the United States said senator pry when the question comes before it as this has the question comes before it as this has the question comes before it as this has been presented whether or not the Great been presented whether or not the Great been presented whether or not the Great Standard Oil Company the greatest Standard Oil Company the greatest Standard Oil Company the greatest monopolies today in the United States of monopolies today in the United States of monopolies today in the United States of America a power which makes itself felt America a power which makes itself felt America a power which makes itself felt in every inch of territory in this whole in every inch of territory in this whole in every inch of territory in this whole Republic a power which controls business Republic a power which controls business Republic a power which controls business railroads men and things shall also railroads men and things shall also railroads men and things shall also control here whether that great party control here whether that great party control here whether that great party has put its hands upon a legislative has put its hands upon a legislative has put its hands upon a legislative body and undertaken to control has body and undertaken to control has body and undertaken to control has controlled and has elected a member of

controlled and has elected a member of controlled and has elected a member of the United States Senate that Senate I the United States Senate that Senate I the United States Senate that Senate I say cannot afford to sit silent and let say cannot afford to sit silent and let say cannot afford to sit silent and let not its voice be heard in an inquiry as not its voice be heard in an inquiry as not its voice be heard in an inquiry as to the truth of the allegation the to the truth of the allegation the to the truth of the allegation the majority report was adopted however by a majority report was adopted however by a majority report was adopted however by a vote of 44 to 17 the most unfortunate vote of 44 to 17 the most unfortunate vote of 44 to 17 the most unfortunate fact in the history of the Senate said fact in the history of the Senate said fact in the history of the Senate said senator hor senator hor senator hor for the time the matter rested but only for the time the matter rested but only for the time the matter rested but only for the time the failure to investigate for the time the failure to investigate for the time the failure to investigate rather intensified the convictions that rather intensified the convictions that rather intensified the convictions that pain seat was bought by the Standard Oil pain seat was bought by the Standard Oil pain seat was bought by the Standard Oil Company in 1887 mr. Payne voted against Company in 1887 mr. Payne voted against Company in 1887 mr. Payne voted against the interstate commerce bill that is why the interstate commerce bill that is why the interstate commerce bill that is why he was put in the Senate people said he was put in the Senate people said he was put in the Senate people said bitterly the feeling became still more bitterly the feeling became still more bitterly the feeling became still more intense in 1888 the question of trust intense in 1888 the question of trust intense in 1888 the question of trust was before Congress the Republicans had was before Congress the Republicans had was before Congress the Republicans had come out with an antitrust plank in come out with an antitrust plank in come out with an antitrust plank in their platform the Democrats in response their platform the Democrats in response their platform the Democrats in response to mr. Cleveland's message were to mr. Cleveland's message were to mr. Cleveland's message were declaring the tariff the greatest trust declaring the tariff the greatest trust declaring the tariff the greatest trust builder in existence and calling on builder in existence and calling on builder in existence and calling on their opponents for reform their if they their opponents for reform their if they their opponents for reform their if they were sincere in their antitrust attitude were sincere in their antitrust attitude were sincere in their antitrust attitude in this agitation the Standard Oil in this agitation the Standard Oil in this agitation the Standard Oil Company undoubtedly exerted its Company undoubtedly exerted its Company undoubtedly exerted its influence against all trust influence against all trust influence against all trust investigation and legislation the charge investigation and legislation the charge investigation and legislation the charge became general that they were helping became general that they were helping became general that they were helping the Democrats this is why they wanted a the Democrats this is why they wanted a the Democrats this is why they wanted a Democratic Senate in September 1888 when Democratic Senate in September 1888 when Democratic Senate in September 1888 when a phase in the question was before the a phase in the question was before the a phase in the question was before the Senate mr. hor with his genius for Senate mr. hor with his genius for Senate mr. hor with his genius for asking far-reaching questions said one

asking far-reaching questions said one asking far-reaching questions said one day day day is there a Standard Oil Trust in this is there a Standard Oil Trust in this is there a Standard Oil Trust in this country or not if there be such a trust country or not if there be such a trust country or not if there be such a trust is it represented in the cabinet at this is it represented in the cabinet at this is it represented in the cabinet at this moment is it represented in the Senate moment is it represented in the Senate moment is it represented in the Senate is it represented in the council's of is it represented in the council's of is it represented in the council's of any important political party in the any important political party in the any important political party in the country it was the first time that mr. country it was the first time that mr. country it was the first time that mr. Kane had been sufficiently aroused to Kane had been sufficiently aroused to Kane had been sufficiently aroused to reply reply reply there is nothing whatever to sustain the there is nothing whatever to sustain the there is nothing whatever to sustain the insinuation which the Honorable senator insinuation which the Honorable senator insinuation which the Honorable senator conveys I make the declaration now for conveys I make the declaration now for conveys I make the declaration now for the first time and it will be the last the first time and it will be the last the first time and it will be the last time I shall ever take notice of it the time I shall ever take notice of it the time I shall ever take notice of it the Standard Oil Company is a very Standard Oil Company is a very Standard Oil Company is a very remarkable and wonderful institution it remarkable and wonderful institution it remarkable and wonderful institution it has accomplished within the last 20 has accomplished within the last 20 has accomplished within the last 20 years of commercial enterprise what no years of commercial enterprise what no years of commercial enterprise what no other company or Association of modern other company or Association of modern other company or Association of modern times has accomplished but mr. president times has accomplished but mr. president times has accomplished but mr. president I have never had $1 interest in that I have never had $1 interest in that I have never had $1 interest in that company I never owned a dollar of its company I never owned a dollar of its company I never owned a dollar of its stock I never rendered it any service stock I never rendered it any service stock I never rendered it any service and that company never rendered me any and that company never rendered me any and that company never rendered me any service on the contrary when a candidate service on the contrary when a candidate service on the contrary when a candidate for the other house in 80 for the other house in 80 for the other house in 80 71 no institution no association no 71 no institution no association no 71 no institution no association no combination in my district did more to combination in my district did more to combination in my district did more to bring about my defeat and went to so bring about my defeat and went to so bring about my defeat and went to so large an expense in money to accomplish large an expense in money to accomplish large an expense in money to accomplish it as the Standard Oil Company as a it as the Standard Oil Company as a it as the Standard Oil Company as a matter of fact nine-tenths of the matter of fact nine-tenths of the matter of fact nine-tenths of the stockholders of the Standard Oil Company stockholders of the Standard Oil Company stockholders of the Standard Oil Company are now and always have been Republicans are now and always have been Republicans are now and always have been Republicans within my knowledge there are but two within my knowledge there are but two within my knowledge there are but two Democrats who have ever been Democrats who have ever been Democrats who have ever been stockholders in that company farther on

stockholders in that company farther on stockholders in that company farther on mr. Payne interpolated this irrelevant mr. Payne interpolated this irrelevant mr. Payne interpolated this irrelevant remark not only are the majority remark not only are the majority remark not only are the majority Republicans but they are very liberal in Republicans but they are very liberal in Republicans but they are very liberal in their philanthropic contributions to their philanthropic contributions to their philanthropic contributions to charities and benevolent works and I charities and benevolent works and I charities and benevolent works and I ventured the assertion that two ventured the assertion that two ventured the assertion that two gentlemen in that company have donated gentlemen in that company have donated gentlemen in that company have donated more money for philanthropic and for more money for philanthropic and for more money for philanthropic and for benevolent purposes than all the benevolent purposes than all the benevolent purposes than all the Republican members of the Senate put Republican members of the Senate put Republican members of the Senate put together together together mr. Payne's denial was not sufficient to mr. Payne's denial was not sufficient to mr. Payne's denial was not sufficient to silence senator hor he returned to the silence senator hor he returned to the silence senator hor he returned to the attack it was a general public belief he attack it was a general public belief he attack it was a general public belief he declared that the Standard Oil Company declared that the Standard Oil Company declared that the Standard Oil Company was represented in the cabinet and was represented in the cabinet and was represented in the cabinet and Senate he called attention to the Senate he called attention to the Senate he called attention to the newspapers charge to that effect and newspapers charge to that effect and newspapers charge to that effect and declared that he had received many declared that he had received many declared that he had received many personal letters charging that the personal letters charging that the personal letters charging that the standard was helping the Democrats he standard was helping the Democrats he standard was helping the Democrats he asked for information when he asked his asked for information when he asked his asked for information when he asked his question he made no charges mr. Whitney question he made no charges mr. Whitney question he made no charges mr. Whitney was the member of mr. Cleveland's was the member of mr. Cleveland's was the member of mr. Cleveland's cabinet to whom senator or referred and cabinet to whom senator or referred and cabinet to whom senator or referred and he promptly in a public letter he promptly in a public letter he promptly in a public letter disclaimed all connection with the disclaimed all connection with the disclaimed all connection with the Standard Oil Company Standard Oil Company Standard Oil Company mr. hor said he cheerfully accepted the mr. hor said he cheerfully accepted the mr. hor said he cheerfully accepted the denial as for mr. Payne he was not denial as for mr. Payne he was not denial as for mr. Payne he was not satisfied and when mr. Payne in heat satisfied and when mr. Payne in heat satisfied and when mr. Payne in heat replied to him senator hor closed his replied to him senator hor closed his replied to him senator hor closed his lips forever in a burst of biting lips forever in a burst of biting lips forever in a burst of biting sarcasm a senator who when the governor sarcasm a senator who when the governor sarcasm a senator who when the governor of his state when both branches of the of his state when both branches of the of his state when both branches of the legislature of a state complained to us legislature of a state complained to us legislature of a state complained to us that a seat in the United States Senate that a seat in the United States Senate that a seat in the United States Senate had been bought when the other senator had been bought when the other senator had been bought when the other senator from the state roads and told us that from the state roads and told us that from the state roads and told us that that was the belief of a very large

that was the belief of a very large that was the belief of a very large majority of the people of Ohio without majority of the people of Ohio without majority of the people of Ohio without distinction of party failed to rise in distinction of party failed to rise in distinction of party failed to rise in his place and ask for the investigation his place and ask for the investigation his place and ask for the investigation which would have put an end to those which would have put an end to those which would have put an end to those charges if they had been unfounded charges if they had been unfounded charges if they had been unfounded sheltering himself behind the sheltering himself behind the sheltering himself behind the technicalities which were found by technicalities which were found by technicalities which were found by some gentleman on both sides of this some gentleman on both sides of this some gentleman on both sides of this chamber that the investigation ought not chamber that the investigation ought not chamber that the investigation ought not be made but who could have had it by the be made but who could have had it by the be made but who could have had it by the slightest request of his own part and slightest request of his own part and slightest request of his own part and then remained um I think should forever then remained um I think should forever then remained um I think should forever after hold his peace after hold his peace after hold his peace I think you men ever sat in the Senate I think you men ever sat in the Senate I think you men ever sat in the Senate who would refrain from demanding an who would refrain from demanding an who would refrain from demanding an investigation under such circumstances investigation under such circumstances investigation under such circumstances even if it were not required by the even if it were not required by the even if it were not required by the Senate itself there were senators who Senate itself there were senators who Senate itself there were senators who thought that the admission of that thought that the admission of that thought that the admission of that senator the continuance of that senator senator the continuance of that senator senator the continuance of that senator in his seat without investigation in his seat without investigation in his seat without investigation indicated the low-water mark of the indicated the low-water mark of the indicated the low-water mark of the Senate of the United States itself and Senate of the United States itself and Senate of the United States itself and there the Payne case rested it was never there the Payne case rested it was never there the Payne case rested it was never proved that the Standard Oil had proved that the Standard Oil had proved that the Standard Oil had contributed assent to his election it contributed assent to his election it contributed assent to his election it was never proved that his seat was was never proved that his seat was was never proved that his seat was bought but the fact that in the face of bought but the fact that in the face of bought but the fact that in the face of such serious charges rehearsed such serious charges rehearsed such serious charges rehearsed constantly for four years neither mr.

constantly for four years neither mr. constantly for four years neither mr. Payne nor the Standard Oil Company had Payne nor the Standard Oil Company had Payne nor the Standard Oil Company had done ought to keep quiet convinced a done ought to keep quiet convinced a done ought to keep quiet convinced a large part of the country that the large part of the country that the large part of the country that the suspicion under which they rested was suspicion under which they rested was suspicion under which they rested was less damaging than the truth would be in less damaging than the truth would be in less damaging than the truth would be in the minds of great numbers this silence the minds of great numbers this silence the minds of great numbers this silence was a confession of guilt the pain case was a confession of guilt the pain case was a confession of guilt the pain case certainly aggravated greatly the popular certainly aggravated greatly the popular certainly aggravated greatly the popular feeling that the Standard Oil Company feeling that the Standard Oil Company feeling that the Standard Oil Company was using the legislative bodies of the was using the legislative bodies of the was using the legislative bodies of the country in its own interest this feeling country in its own interest this feeling country in its own interest this feeling was intensified in 1887 by a terrific was intensified in 1887 by a terrific was intensified in 1887 by a terrific battle between the oil producers and battle between the oil producers and battle between the oil producers and Standard forces in the legislature of Standard forces in the legislature of Standard forces in the legislature of the state of Pennsylvania since the the state of Pennsylvania since the the state of Pennsylvania since the compromise of 1880 the body of the oil compromise of 1880 the body of the oil compromise of 1880 the body of the oil producers had been taking no concerted producers had been taking no concerted producers had been taking no concerted action against the standard but their action against the standard but their action against the standard but their inaction was not due to reconciliation inaction was not due to reconciliation inaction was not due to reconciliation to standard domination as a matter of to standard domination as a matter of to standard domination as a matter of fact they were almost as bitter in 1886 fact they were almost as bitter in 1886 fact they were almost as bitter in 1886 as they had been in 1878 when they as they had been in 1878 when they as they had been in 1878 when they formed the Union which for two years formed the Union which for two years formed the Union which for two years thought so good a fight the specific thought so good a fight the specific thought so good a fight the specific complaint of the oil producers at this complaint of the oil producers at this complaint of the oil producers at this time was that they were being robbed by time was that they were being robbed by time was that they were being robbed by the national transit company the big the national transit company the big the national transit company the big standard pipeline consolidation which standard pipeline consolidation which standard pipeline consolidation which had secured by the series of maneuvers had secured by the series of maneuvers had secured by the series of maneuvers already outlined the monopoly of already outlined the monopoly of already outlined the monopoly of handling and transporting crude oil handling and transporting crude oil handling and transporting crude oil if the oil producers have been making if the oil producers have been making if the oil producers have been making money at this time it is quite possible money at this time it is quite possible money at this time it is quite possible that they would have paid little that they would have paid little that they would have paid little attention to the profits of the national attention to the profits of the national attention to the profits of the national transit company the service they got was transit company the service they got was transit company the service they got was about as perfect as any human machine about as perfect as any human machine about as perfect as any human machine could render and they would probably

could render and they would probably could render and they would probably have recognized this and been willing to have recognized this and been willing to have recognized this and been willing to pay high if they too had been prosperous pay high if they too had been prosperous pay high if they too had been prosperous but the condition of the oil producers but the condition of the oil producers but the condition of the oil producers in these days was in glaring contrast to in these days was in glaring contrast to in these days was in glaring contrast to that of mr. Rockefeller they had piled that of mr. Rockefeller they had piled that of mr. Rockefeller they had piled up oil until there was in 1886 over 33 up oil until there was in 1886 over 33 up oil until there was in 1886 over 33 million barrels on hand naturally this million barrels on hand naturally this million barrels on hand naturally this had driven prices down the average price had driven prices down the average price had driven prices down the average price for the last years had been under $1 a for the last years had been under $1 a for the last years had been under $1 a barrel in 1886 it fell to 71 and 3/8 and barrel in 1886 it fell to 71 and 3/8 and barrel in 1886 it fell to 71 and 3/8 and everyone said it must a lower embittered everyone said it must a lower embittered everyone said it must a lower embittered and discouraged the producers fell to and discouraged the producers fell to and discouraged the producers fell to comparing what they were getting out of comparing what they were getting out of comparing what they were getting out of the business with what mr. Rockefeller the business with what mr. Rockefeller the business with what mr. Rockefeller was getting it was not a consoling was getting it was not a consoling was getting it was not a consoling showing the Standard Oil Trust had from showing the Standard Oil Trust had from showing the Standard Oil Trust had from its organization in 1880 to pay its organization in 1880 to pay its organization in 1880 to pay dividends on its seventy million dollars dividends on its seventy million dollars dividends on its seventy million dollars capital in spite of the extraordinary capital in spite of the extraordinary capital in spite of the extraordinary outlay for tank building in seaboard outlay for tank building in seaboard outlay for tank building in seaboard pipelines made from 1881 to 1885 pipelines made from 1881 to 1885 pipelines made from 1881 to 1885 three million dollars in his computer to three million dollars in his computer to three million dollars in his computer to have been the trust paid ten and a half have been the trust paid ten and a half have been the trust paid ten and a half percent in 1885 ten percent in 1886 and percent in 1885 ten percent in 1886 and percent in 1885 ten percent in 1886 and Standard Oil stock stood near 200 in Standard Oil stock stood near 200 in Standard Oil stock stood near 200 in contrast the oil producer in 1886 is contrast the oil producer in 1886 is contrast the oil producer in 1886 is estimated to have lost about six percent estimated to have lost about six percent estimated to have lost about six percent on his expenditures an oil property on his expenditures an oil property on his expenditures an oil property depreciated one-third in value something depreciated one-third in value something depreciated one-third in value something was wrong they could not charge the was wrong they could not charge the was wrong they could not charge the standard with the price of oil as long standard with the price of oil as long standard with the price of oil as long as over 33 million barrels in stock lay as over 33 million barrels in stock lay as over 33 million barrels in stock lay on the market he could not rise but they

on the market he could not rise but they on the market he could not rise but they could and did complain of what it cost could and did complain of what it cost could and did complain of what it cost him to handle this oil of storage and him to handle this oil of storage and him to handle this oil of storage and carrying charges of the deductions for carrying charges of the deductions for carrying charges of the deductions for shrinkage and per lost by fire if the shrinkage and per lost by fire if the shrinkage and per lost by fire if the standard had not forced out every standard had not forced out every standard had not forced out every competing line there would have been competing line there would have been competing line there would have been sufficient competition to have lowered sufficient competition to have lowered sufficient competition to have lowered these items which at the present crisis these items which at the present crisis these items which at the present crisis soon aid up the value of the oil and soon aid up the value of the oil and soon aid up the value of the oil and they fell to rehearsing the raids by they fell to rehearsing the raids by they fell to rehearsing the raids by which the various transporting companies which the various transporting companies which the various transporting companies which had bought themselves into which had bought themselves into which had bought themselves into dependent positions had been forced into dependent positions had been forced into dependent positions had been forced into combination their chief grievances being combination their chief grievances being combination their chief grievances being naturally the affair of the Tidewater in naturally the affair of the Tidewater in naturally the affair of the Tidewater in this state of mind and incited by the this state of mind and incited by the this state of mind and incited by the Buffalo the pain and the rice cases it Buffalo the pain and the rice cases it Buffalo the pain and the rice cases it was natural enough that when suddenly at was natural enough that when suddenly at was natural enough that when suddenly at the opening of 1887 a bill evidently the opening of 1887 a bill evidently the opening of 1887 a bill evidently intended to strike a blow at standard intended to strike a blow at standard intended to strike a blow at standard was introduced into the legislature of was introduced into the legislature of was introduced into the legislature of Pennsylvania the oil producers rushed Pennsylvania the oil producers rushed Pennsylvania the oil producers rushed pell-mell who supported the opening pell-mell who supported the opening pell-mell who supported the opening sentence was enough for them it was an sentence was enough for them it was an sentence was enough for them it was an act to punish corporations this was what act to punish corporations this was what act to punish corporations this was what they had always sought some way to they had always sought some way to they had always sought some way to punish mr. Rockefeller for what they punish mr. Rockefeller for what they punish mr. Rockefeller for what they believed to be a conspiracy against believed to be a conspiracy against believed to be a conspiracy against their interests the way in which the their interests the way in which the their interests the way in which the Billingsley bill as it was called from Billingsley bill as it was called from Billingsley bill as it was called from the name of its father proposed to the name of its father proposed to the name of its father proposed to punish the standard was to make it a punish the standard was to make it a punish the standard was to make it a criminal offence to charge an excess of criminal offence to charge an excess of criminal offence to charge an excess of certain rates it fixed ten cents a certain rates it fixed ten cents a certain rates it fixed ten cents a barrel for gathering and delivering oil barrel for gathering and delivering oil barrel for gathering and delivering oil to storing points the current rate was to storing points the current rate was to storing points the current rate was twenty cents one sixtieth of 1% per twenty cents one sixtieth of 1% per twenty cents one sixtieth of 1% per barrel a day for storage with no storage

barrel a day for storage with no storage barrel a day for storage with no storage charged for the first 30 days one-half charged for the first 30 days one-half charged for the first 30 days one-half of 1% was the current rate 1/2 of 1% of 1% was the current rate 1/2 of 1% of 1% was the current rate 1/2 of 1% shrinkage instead of 3% shrinkage instead of 3% shrinkage instead of 3% besides the bill required the standards besides the bill required the standards besides the bill required the standards to go to any well an application of the to go to any well an application of the to go to any well an application of the owner it made the company liable for owner it made the company liable for owner it made the company liable for damage and it required it to deliver oil damage and it required it to deliver oil damage and it required it to deliver oil of like kind and quality as that of like kind and quality as that of like kind and quality as that received the enthusiasm with which the received the enthusiasm with which the received the enthusiasm with which the bill was greeted was cooled a little by bill was greeted was cooled a little by bill was greeted was cooled a little by the announcement that as it stood it was the announcement that as it stood it was the announcement that as it stood it was unconstitutional acts to punish being unconstitutional acts to punish being unconstitutional acts to punish being forbidden by the Constitution of the forbidden by the Constitution of the forbidden by the Constitution of the state as well as by an immediate state as well as by an immediate state as well as by an immediate realization that the prices fixed for realization that the prices fixed for realization that the prices fixed for service were in nearly every case less service were in nearly every case less service were in nearly every case less than cost the bill was immediately than cost the bill was immediately than cost the bill was immediately amended when it came back it was at once amended when it came back it was at once amended when it came back it was at once apparent that in spite of this apparent that in spite of this apparent that in spite of this preliminary hitch a tremendous fight to preliminary hitch a tremendous fight to preliminary hitch a tremendous fight to carry it was being organized by the oil carry it was being organized by the oil carry it was being organized by the oil men then determination to push it grew men then determination to push it grew men then determination to push it grew in proportion to the standard opposition in proportion to the standard opposition in proportion to the standard opposition the standard indeed realized immediately the standard indeed realized immediately the standard indeed realized immediately that unless a hard fight was made the that unless a hard fight was made the that unless a hard fight was made the bill would go through by popular clamor bill would go through by popular clamor bill would go through by popular clamor and they turned their big lawyer mr.

and they turned their big lawyer mr. and they turned their big lawyer mr. Dodd against it set their newspapers the Dodd against it set their newspapers the Dodd against it set their newspapers the oil city oil city oil city Titusville Harold and Bradford era all Titusville Harold and Bradford era all Titusville Harold and Bradford era all of them by this time subsidized organs of them by this time subsidized organs of them by this time subsidized organs to argue against it and sent mr. shady to argue against it and sent mr. shady to argue against it and sent mr. shady one of the ablest of their pipeline one of the ablest of their pipeline one of the ablest of their pipeline managers to present their site at managers to present their site at managers to present their site at Harrisburg they also secured the Harrisburg they also secured the Harrisburg they also secured the services of a well known young services of a well known young services of a well known young Republican member of the legislature Republican member of the legislature Republican member of the legislature wallace della mayor of Crawford County wallace della mayor of Crawford County wallace della mayor of Crawford County one of the counties in the oil regions one of the counties in the oil regions one of the counties in the oil regions to organize an opposition to the bill in to organize an opposition to the bill in to organize an opposition to the bill in the legislature in February a hearing the legislature in February a hearing the legislature in February a hearing was given the bill mr. Dodd presenting was given the bill mr. Dodd presenting was given the bill mr. Dodd presenting the standard side it is rare that's so the standard side it is rare that's so the standard side it is rare that's so able a lawyer has to fight so we can able a lawyer has to fight so we can able a lawyer has to fight so we can measure and mr. Dodd riddled it easily measure and mr. Dodd riddled it easily measure and mr. Dodd riddled it easily as a matter of fact the Billingsley bill as a matter of fact the Billingsley bill as a matter of fact the Billingsley bill was as bad as it could be it was was as bad as it could be it was was as bad as it could be it was characterized by all sorts of characterized by all sorts of characterized by all sorts of constitutional legal and practical constitutional legal and practical constitutional legal and practical difficulties the pipeline business was difficulties the pipeline business was difficulties the pipeline business was an interstate business and this bill an interstate business and this bill an interstate business and this bill attempted to regulate it which evidently attempted to regulate it which evidently attempted to regulate it which evidently it could not do it could of course it could not do it could of course it could not do it could of course regulate Pennsylvania oil but by so regulate Pennsylvania oil but by so regulate Pennsylvania oil but by so doing it created two classes of oil in doing it created two classes of oil in doing it created two classes of oil in the lines a situation which would have the lines a situation which would have the lines a situation which would have been confusing and undesirable it was been confusing and undesirable it was been confusing and undesirable it was evidently intended that the crisis it evidently intended that the crisis it evidently intended that the crisis it kicks should apply to the thirty million kicks should apply to the thirty million kicks should apply to the thirty million barrels of stocks on hand but these were barrels of stocks on hand but these were barrels of stocks on hand but these were held under contract and could not be held under contract and could not be held under contract and could not be touched there were many other objections touched there were many other objections touched there were many other objections to the bill even judge Heydrich the able to the bill even judge Heydrich the able to the bill even judge Heydrich the able lawyer whom the oil men had engaged the lawyer whom the oil men had engaged the lawyer whom the oil men had engaged the defendant was obliged to apologize for

defendant was obliged to apologize for defendant was obliged to apologize for it at every point and it's most valiant it at every point and it's most valiant it at every point and it's most valiant supporter supporter supporter senator Lewis Emery jr. said frankly senator Lewis Emery jr. said frankly senator Lewis Emery jr. said frankly that the framer of the bill knew too that the framer of the bill knew too that the framer of the bill knew too little of the oil mens needs to be able little of the oil mens needs to be able little of the oil mens needs to be able to make a bill and that this would have to make a bill and that this would have to make a bill and that this would have to be thoroughly revised in spite of all to be thoroughly revised in spite of all to be thoroughly revised in spite of all the reasonable indeed overwhelming the reasonable indeed overwhelming the reasonable indeed overwhelming objections to the Billingsly bill the objections to the Billingsly bill the objections to the Billingsly bill the oil men clung to it mass meetings were oil men clung to it mass meetings were oil men clung to it mass meetings were held nightly from one end of the region held nightly from one end of the region held nightly from one end of the region to the other petitions floated the to the other petitions floated the to the other petitions floated the legislature a big delegation was kept legislature a big delegation was kept legislature a big delegation was kept constantly in Harrisburg lobbying for constantly in Harrisburg lobbying for constantly in Harrisburg lobbying for the support was intemperate bitter the support was intemperate bitter the support was intemperate bitter unreasonable in March it was intensified unreasonable in March it was intensified unreasonable in March it was intensified by the knowledge that a self constituted by the knowledge that a self constituted by the knowledge that a self constituted committee of leading oil men were in New committee of leading oil men were in New committee of leading oil men were in New York treating with the standard in York treating with the standard in York treating with the standard in regard to certain of the regard to certain of the regard to certain of the uses the bill Lane to cure these men uses the bill Lane to cure these men uses the bill Lane to cure these men felt that the standard was unjust in its felt that the standard was unjust in its felt that the standard was unjust in its dealings with the oil men excessive in dealings with the oil men excessive in dealings with the oil men excessive in its charges and arbitrary in its service its charges and arbitrary in its service its charges and arbitrary in its service but they felt that the confusion the but they felt that the confusion the but they felt that the confusion the Billingsley bill would bring into the Billingsley bill would bring into the Billingsley bill would bring into the business more than offset the grievances business more than offset the grievances business more than offset the grievances it righted and they had gone to mr.

it righted and they had gone to mr. it righted and they had gone to mr. Rockefeller to see if matters could not Rockefeller to see if matters could not Rockefeller to see if matters could not be compromised now nothing could have be compromised now nothing could have be compromised now nothing could have more effectually added to the warlike more effectually added to the warlike more effectually added to the warlike spirit abroad in the oil regions at that spirit abroad in the oil regions at that spirit abroad in the oil regions at that moment than the suggestion of a moment than the suggestion of a moment than the suggestion of a compromise their cause was being sold it compromise their cause was being sold it compromise their cause was being sold it was compounding with felony and when was compounding with felony and when was compounding with felony and when after a three days sitting in New York after a three days sitting in New York after a three days sitting in New York the committee came home with an the committee came home with an the committee came home with an agreement from the National transit agreement from the National transit agreement from the National transit company making certain concessions as 2% company making certain concessions as 2% company making certain concessions as 2% instead of 3% for shrinkage 25 cents a instead of 3% for shrinkage 25 cents a instead of 3% for shrinkage 25 cents a day per 1,000 barrels instead of 40 for day per 1,000 barrels instead of 40 for day per 1,000 barrels instead of 40 for storage and with a promise that certain storage and with a promise that certain storage and with a promise that certain other points should be settled by joint other points should be settled by joint other points should be settled by joint committees two of the leading members committees two of the leading members committees two of the leading members were hung in effigy in Titusville in were hung in effigy in Titusville in were hung in effigy in Titusville in April the final vote on the Billingsley April the final vote on the Billingsley April the final vote on the Billingsley bill came Harrisburg was alive with oil bill came Harrisburg was alive with oil bill came Harrisburg was alive with oil men determined that the bill should go men determined that the bill should go men determined that the bill should go through the standard was present and if through the standard was present and if through the standard was present and if it had less of a clack it had more of it had less of a clack it had more of it had less of a clack it had more of the sinews of war indeed it was charged the sinews of war indeed it was charged the sinews of war indeed it was charged later by Senator Lewis Emery that the later by Senator Lewis Emery that the later by Senator Lewis Emery that the leader of the standard forces in the leader of the standard forces in the leader of the standard forces in the Senate received 65,000 dollars for his Senate received 65,000 dollars for his Senate received 65,000 dollars for his services a charge which so far as the services a charge which so far as the services a charge which so far as the writer knows has never been I'd approved writer knows has never been I'd approved writer knows has never been I'd approved nor disproved the bill came to a vote nor disproved the bill came to a vote nor disproved the bill came to a vote after a passionate wrangle it was after a passionate wrangle it was after a passionate wrangle it was defeated 18 to 25 a storm of violent defeated 18 to 25 a storm of violent defeated 18 to 25 a storm of violent protests from the oilman's represented protests from the oilman's represented protests from the oilman's represented his follow to defeat and the lobbies the his follow to defeat and the lobbies the his follow to defeat and the lobbies the hotels and even the streets of hotels and even the streets of hotels and even the streets of Harrisburg with scenes in the next hours Harrisburg with scenes in the next hours Harrisburg with scenes in the next hours of bitter quarrels and excited of bitter quarrels and excited of bitter quarrels and excited gatherings when finally the oil men

gatherings when finally the oil men gatherings when finally the oil men withdrew from the town it was with the withdrew from the town it was with the withdrew from the town it was with the understanding that they were to meet two understanding that they were to meet two understanding that they were to meet two weeks later in Oil City to organize a weeks later in Oil City to organize a weeks later in Oil City to organize a new Protective Association the protests new Protective Association the protests new Protective Association the protests and resolutions passed at their final and resolutions passed at their final and resolutions passed at their final gatherings were shadowed no intention of gatherings were shadowed no intention of gatherings were shadowed no intention of reviving the Billingsley bill indeed the reviving the Billingsley bill indeed the reviving the Billingsley bill indeed the bill itself had received scant attention bill itself had received scant attention bill itself had received scant attention from them in the violent campaign over from them in the violent campaign over from them in the violent campaign over its passage which they had carried on its passage which they had carried on its passage which they had carried on for three month for three month for three month all their passion had been expended on all their passion had been expended on all their passion had been expended on the standard this was a question of the standard this was a question of the standard this was a question of whether the Standard Oil Company ruled whether the Standard Oil Company ruled whether the Standard Oil Company ruled the legislature of Pennsylvania or the legislature of Pennsylvania or the legislature of Pennsylvania or whether the people ruled it so declared whether the people ruled it so declared whether the people ruled it so declared the oil men and when their bill was the oil men and when their bill was the oil men and when their bill was defeated they charged it was by bribery defeated they charged it was by bribery defeated they charged it was by bribery and henceforth quoted the defeat of the and henceforth quoted the defeat of the and henceforth quoted the defeat of the Billingsley bill along with the pain Billingsley bill along with the pain Billingsley bill along with the pain case as proof of the corrupt power of case as proof of the corrupt power of case as proof of the corrupt power of the Standard Oil Company in politics the Standard Oil Company in politics the Standard Oil Company in politics their outbreak for it was nothing else their outbreak for it was nothing else their outbreak for it was nothing else was the culmination of their indignation was the culmination of their indignation was the culmination of their indignation and resentment at fifteen years of and resentment at fifteen years of and resentment at fifteen years of unfair play on the part of the Standard unfair play on the part of the Standard unfair play on the part of the Standard Oil Company a resentment at the South Oil Company a resentment at the South Oil Company a resentment at the South improvement company and forced improvement company and forced improvement company and forced combination of refineries and pipelines combination of refineries and pipelines combination of refineries and pipelines at railroad rebates and drawbacks at the at railroad rebates and drawbacks at the at railroad rebates and drawbacks at the immediate shipment outrages at the immediate shipment outrages at the immediate shipment outrages at the Tidewater defeat it will revolt against Tidewater defeat it will revolt against Tidewater defeat it will revolt against the incessant pressure of mr.

the incessant pressure of mr. the incessant pressure of mr. Rockefellers pitiless steel grip it was Rockefellers pitiless steel grip it was Rockefellers pitiless steel grip it was bitterness at the idea that it was he bitterness at the idea that it was he bitterness at the idea that it was he who was reaping all the profit of a who was reaping all the profit of a who was reaping all the profit of a business in which they were taking the business in which they were taking the business in which they were taking the chief risk and if things went on as they chief risk and if things went on as they chief risk and if things went on as they were that it was he who always would out were that it was he who always would out were that it was he who always would out of there burst of passion was to grow a of there burst of passion was to grow a of there burst of passion was to grow a solid determined effort but for the solid determined effort but for the solid determined effort but for the moment they were defeated and the defeat moment they were defeated and the defeat moment they were defeated and the defeat which really was merited was another which really was merited was another which really was merited was another added to their series of just and unjust added to their series of just and unjust added to their series of just and unjust complaints against mr. Rockefeller all complaints against mr. Rockefeller all complaints against mr. Rockefeller all of these bitter and spectacular of these bitter and spectacular of these bitter and spectacular struggles aroused intense public struggles aroused intense public struggles aroused intense public interest the debate on the interstate interest the debate on the interstate interest the debate on the interstate commerce bill was contemporaneous with commerce bill was contemporaneous with commerce bill was contemporaneous with them the bill was passed in 1887 and had them the bill was passed in 1887 and had them the bill was passed in 1887 and had its effect the feeling grew all over the its effect the feeling grew all over the its effect the feeling grew all over the country that whatever the merits of country that whatever the merits of country that whatever the merits of these specific cases there was danger in these specific cases there was danger in these specific cases there was danger in the mysterious organization by which the mysterious organization by which the mysterious organization by which such immense fortunes and such excessive such immense fortunes and such excessive such immense fortunes and such excessive power could be built up on one side of power could be built up on one side of power could be built up on one side of an industry while another side steadily an industry while another side steadily an industry while another side steadily lost money in power a new trial was lost money in power a new trial was lost money in power a new trial was coming to mr. Rockefeller one much more coming to mr. Rockefeller one much more coming to mr. Rockefeller one much more serious than any trial for overt acts serious than any trial for overt acts serious than any trial for overt acts for the very nature of his great for the very nature of his great for the very nature of his great creation was to be in question it was a creation was to be in question it was a creation was to be in question it was a hard trial for all john d rockefeller hard trial for all john d rockefeller hard trial for all john d rockefeller asked of the world by the year 1887 asked of the world by the year 1887 asked of the world by the year 1887 was to be let alone he had completed one was to be let alone he had completed one was to be let alone he had completed one of the most perfect business of the most perfect business of the most perfect business organizations the world has ever seen an organizations the world has ever seen an organizations the world has ever seen an organization which handled practically organization which handled practically organization which handled practically all of a great natural product his

all of a great natural product his all of a great natural product his factories were the most perfect and were factories were the most perfect and were factories were the most perfect and were managed with the strictest economy he managed with the strictest economy he managed with the strictest economy he owned outright the pipelines which owned outright the pipelines which owned outright the pipelines which transported the crude oil his knowledge transported the crude oil his knowledge transported the crude oil his knowledge of the consuming power of the world was of the consuming power of the world was of the consuming power of the world was accurate and he kept his output strictly accurate and he kept his output strictly accurate and he kept his output strictly within its limit at the same time the within its limit at the same time the within its limit at the same time the great marketing machinery he had put in great marketing machinery he had put in great marketing machinery he had put in operation carried on an aggressive operation carried on an aggressive operation carried on an aggressive campaign for new markets in China Africa campaign for new markets in China Africa campaign for new markets in China Africa South America as well as in remote parts South America as well as in remote parts South America as well as in remote parts of Europe and the United States standard of Europe and the United States standard of Europe and the United States standard agents carried refined oil the Standard agents carried refined oil the Standard agents carried refined oil the Standard Oil had been organized to do business Oil had been organized to do business Oil had been organized to do business and if ever a company did business it and if ever a company did business it and if ever a company did business it was this one was this one was this one from mr. Rockefeller himself sitting all from mr. Rockefeller himself sitting all from mr. Rockefeller himself sitting all day in his den hidden from everybody but day in his den hidden from everybody but day in his den hidden from everybody but the remarkable body of directors and the remarkable body of directors and the remarkable body of directors and heads of departments which he had heads of departments which he had heads of departments which he had acquired as he wiped up one refinery and acquired as he wiped up one refinery and acquired as he wiped up one refinery and one pipeline after another to the one pipeline after another to the one pipeline after another to the humblest clerk in the office of the most humblest clerk in the office of the most humblest clerk in the office of the most remote marketing agency everybody worked remote marketing agency everybody worked remote marketing agency everybody worked there was not a lazy bone in the there was not a lazy bone in the there was not a lazy bone in the organization nor an incompetent hand nor organization nor an incompetent hand nor organization nor an incompetent hand nor a stupid head it was a machine where a stupid head it was a machine where a stupid head it was a machine where everybody was kept on his mettle by an everybody was kept on his mettle by an everybody was kept on his mettle by an extraordinary system of competition extraordinary system of competition extraordinary system of competition where success met immediate recognition where success met immediate recognition where success met immediate recognition where opportunity was wide as the where opportunity was wide as the where opportunity was wide as the world's craving for a good light to world's craving for a good light to world's craving for a good light to cheer its arse of darkness the machine cheer its arse of darkness the machine cheer its arse of darkness the machine was pervaded and stimulated by the was pervaded and stimulated by the was pervaded and stimulated by the consciousness of its own power and consciousness of its own power and consciousness of its own power and prosperity it was a great thing to prosperity it was a great thing to prosperity it was a great thing to belong to an organization which always belong to an organization which always belong to an organization which always got what it wanted and which was making

got what it wanted and which was making got what it wanted and which was making money as no business in the country had money as no business in the country had money as no business in the country had ever made it ever made it ever made it what more indeed could mr. Rockefeller what more indeed could mr. Rockefeller what more indeed could mr. Rockefeller asked than to be let alone and why not asked than to be let alone and why not asked than to be let alone and why not let him alone he had the ability to keep let him alone he had the ability to keep let him alone he had the ability to keep together the widespread interest he had together the widespread interest he had together the widespread interest he had acquired not only to keep them together acquired not only to keep them together acquired not only to keep them together but to unify and develop them why not but to unify and develop them why not but to unify and develop them why not let him alone many people even in the let him alone many people even in the let him alone many people even in the oil regions were inclined to do so some oil regions were inclined to do so some oil regions were inclined to do so some because they feared him rumors said Mr because they feared him rumors said Mr because they feared him rumors said Mr Rockefeller was vindictive and never Rockefeller was vindictive and never Rockefeller was vindictive and never forgot opposition others because they forgot opposition others because they forgot opposition others because they were canny and poor saw that they might were canny and poor saw that they might were canny and poor saw that they might want his help one day still others want his help one day still others want his help one day still others because criticism of success is an because criticism of success is an because criticism of success is an ungracious business and arouses a ungracious business and arouses a ungracious business and arouses a suspicion that the critic may be envious suspicion that the critic may be envious suspicion that the critic may be envious or bitter but there were a few people as or bitter but there were a few people as or bitter but there were a few people as there always are who know cowardice no there always are who know cowardice no there always are who know cowardice no self interest no fear of public opinion self interest no fear of public opinion self interest no fear of public opinion could keep quiet could keep quiet could keep quiet and these people insistently urged that and these people insistently urged that and these people insistently urged that the Standard Oil Company was a menace to the Standard Oil Company was a menace to the Standard Oil Company was a menace to the Commerce of the country we have been the Commerce of the country we have been the Commerce of the country we have been and are being wrong they repeated we and are being wrong they repeated we and are being wrong they repeated we have a right to do an independent have a right to do an independent have a right to do an independent business interference to drive us out business interference to drive us out business interference to drive us out his conspiracy let mr. Rockefeller his conspiracy let mr. Rockefeller his conspiracy let mr. Rockefeller succeed in the oil business and he will succeed in the oil business and he will succeed in the oil business and he will attack other industries he will have attack other industries he will have attack other industries he will have imitators in 50 years a handful of men imitators in 50 years a handful of men imitators in 50 years a handful of men will own the country mr. Rockefeller will own the country mr. Rockefeller will own the country mr. Rockefeller handled his critics with a skill handled his critics with a skill handled his critics with a skill bordering on genius he ignored them to bordering on genius he ignored them to bordering on genius he ignored them to see them to answer them called attention

see them to answer them called attention see them to answer them called attention to them he was too busy to answer them to them he was too busy to answer them to them he was too busy to answer them we do not talk much we saw would this we do not talk much we saw would this we do not talk much we saw would this attitude of serene indifference is attitude of serene indifference is attitude of serene indifference is supremely wise it belittles the critic supremely wise it belittles the critic supremely wise it belittles the critic and it gives the outsider who watches and it gives the outsider who watches and it gives the outsider who watches the game a feeling that a serenity so the game a feeling that a serenity so the game a feeling that a serenity so high must come from an impregnable high must come from an impregnable high must come from an impregnable position there is no question but many position there is no question but many position there is no question but many amount open to testifying against the amount open to testifying against the amount open to testifying against the Standard Oil Company has been closed by Standard Oil Company has been closed by Standard Oil Company has been closed by mr. Rockefellers policy of silence only mr. Rockefellers policy of silence only mr. Rockefellers policy of silence only the few irreconcilable with stood his the few irreconcilable with stood his the few irreconcilable with stood his sphinx-like sphinx-like sphinx-like attitude and yearly from the attitude and yearly from the attitude and yearly from the compromising of 1880 these warnings and compromising of 1880 these warnings and compromising of 1880 these warnings and accusations were louder and more fierce accusations were louder and more fierce accusations were louder and more fierce probably the greatest trial mr. probably the greatest trial mr. probably the greatest trial mr. Rockefeller has ever had has come from Rockefeller has ever had has come from Rockefeller has ever had has come from the persistency with which the few the persistency with which the few the persistency with which the few malcontent kept him before the public malcontent kept him before the public malcontent kept him before the public they interfered with two of his great they interfered with two of his great they interfered with two of his great principles hide the profits and say principles hide the profits and say principles hide the profits and say nothing it was they who went ruined the nothing it was they who went ruined the nothing it was they who went ruined the South improvement company it was they South improvement company it was they South improvement company it was they who had indicted him for conspiracy and who had indicted him for conspiracy and who had indicted him for conspiracy and compelled into compromise in 1880 it was compelled into compromise in 1880 it was compelled into compromise in 1880 it was they who now after the splendid pipeline they who now after the splendid pipeline they who now after the splendid pipeline organization was completed and his organization was completed and his organization was completed and his market machinery was in order market machinery was in order market machinery was in order kept up their agitation and their kept up their agitation and their kept up their agitation and their cursing their work began to tell the cursing their work began to tell the cursing their work began to tell the feeling grew that the Standard Oil feeling grew that the Standard Oil feeling grew that the Standard Oil Company or trust as it was by this time Company or trust as it was by this time Company or trust as it was by this time generally called must be looked into generally called must be looked into generally called must be looked into even those who dazzled by mr.

even those who dazzled by mr. even those who dazzled by mr. Rockefellers achievement were inclined Rockefellers achievement were inclined Rockefellers achievement were inclined to overlook its ethical side and to to overlook its ethical side and to to overlook its ethical side and to refuse to consider to what a grinning refuse to consider to what a grinning refuse to consider to what a grinning and abuse it might lead began to feel and abuse it might lead began to feel and abuse it might lead began to feel that it would be quite as well to have that it would be quite as well to have that it would be quite as well to have the matter thrashed now to have it the matter thrashed now to have it the matter thrashed now to have it settled once and for all whether the settled once and for all whether the settled once and for all whether the thing had been so bad in its making and thing had been so bad in its making and thing had been so bad in its making and was so dangerous in its tendencies as was so dangerous in its tendencies as was so dangerous in its tendencies as the oil Shriekers pretended in the House the oil Shriekers pretended in the House the oil Shriekers pretended in the House of Representatives when the question of of Representatives when the question of of Representatives when the question of or during an investigation of trust by or during an investigation of trust by or during an investigation of trust by the Committee on manufactures was up in the Committee on manufactures was up in the Committee on manufactures was up in 1887 the liveliest concern was shown as 1887 the liveliest concern was shown as 1887 the liveliest concern was shown as to whether the Standard Oil Company the to whether the Standard Oil Company the to whether the Standard Oil Company the most important case of all would escape most important case of all would escape most important case of all would escape more than one member asked to be assured more than one member asked to be assured more than one member asked to be assured before consenting to the investigation before consenting to the investigation before consenting to the investigation that the standard would be put on the that the standard would be put on the that the standard would be put on the rack the same interest was shown in the rack the same interest was shown in the rack the same interest was shown in the Senate of New York State where an Senate of New York State where an Senate of New York State where an investigation was ordered for february investigation was ordered for february investigation was ordered for february 1888 it was certain indeed now that mr. 1888 it was certain indeed now that mr. 1888 it was certain indeed now that mr. Rockefeller would not be allowed much Rockefeller would not be allowed much Rockefeller would not be allowed much longer to work in the dark longer to work in the dark longer to work in the dark he was to be dragged into the open much he was to be dragged into the open much he was to be dragged into the open much as he might deplore it to explain what as he might deplore it to explain what as he might deplore it to explain what his trust really was to prove to a his trust really was to prove to a his trust really was to prove to a suspicious and hostile public that he suspicious and hostile public that he suspicious and hostile public that he had a right to exist this is the end of had a right to exist this is the end of had a right to exist this is the end of chapter 13 recording by Tom Weiss Tom's chapter 13 recording by Tom Weiss Tom's chapter 13 recording by Tom Weiss Tom's audiobooks calm