Eusebius Ecclesiastical History Book 03 - From Titus To Trajan

church history church history by eusebius of caesarea translated by by eusebius of caesarea translated by by eusebius of caesarea translated by arthur cushman mcgifford arthur cushman mcgifford arthur cushman mcgifford book three part one chapters one through book three part one chapters one through book three part one chapters one through six six six book three chapter 1 book three chapter 1 book three chapter 1 the parts of the world in which the the parts of the world in which the the parts of the world in which the apostles preached christ apostles preached christ apostles preached christ such was the condition of the jews such was the condition of the jews such was the condition of the jews meanwhile the holy apostles and meanwhile the holy apostles and meanwhile the holy apostles and disciples of our savior were dispersed disciples of our savior were dispersed disciples of our savior were dispersed throughout the world parthia throughout the world parthia throughout the world parthia according to tradition was allotted to according to tradition was allotted to according to tradition was allotted to thomas as his field of labor thomas as his field of labor thomas as his field of labor scythia to andrew and asia to john scythia to andrew and asia to john scythia to andrew and asia to john who after he had lived some time there who after he had lived some time there who after he had lived some time there died at died at died at ephesus peter appears to have preached ephesus peter appears to have preached ephesus peter appears to have preached in pontus in pontus in pontus galatia bithenia cappadocia and asia to galatia bithenia cappadocia and asia to galatia bithenia cappadocia and asia to the jews of the dispersion the jews of the dispersion the jews of the dispersion and at last having come to rome he was and at last having come to rome he was and at last having come to rome he was crucified head downwards crucified head downwards crucified head downwards for he had requested that he might for he had requested that he might for he had requested that he might suffer in this way suffer in this way suffer in this way what do we need to say concerning paul what do we need to say concerning paul what do we need to say concerning paul who preached the gospel of christ from who preached the gospel of christ from who preached the gospel of christ from jerusalem to illyricum jerusalem to illyricum jerusalem to illyricum and afterwards suffered martyrdom in and afterwards suffered martyrdom in and afterwards suffered martyrdom in rome under nero rome under nero rome under nero these facts are related by origin in the these facts are related by origin in the these facts are related by origin in the third volume of his commentary on third volume of his commentary on third volume of his commentary on genesis chapter 2 the first ruler of the church chapter 2 the first ruler of the church of rome of rome of rome after the martyrdom of paul and of peter after the martyrdom of paul and of peter after the martyrdom of paul and of peter linus was the first to obtain the linus was the first to obtain the linus was the first to obtain the episcopate of the church at rome episcopate of the church at rome episcopate of the church at rome paul mentions him when writing to paul mentions him when writing to paul mentions him when writing to timothy from rome timothy from rome timothy from rome in the salutation at the end of the in the salutation at the end of the in the salutation at the end of the epistle

epistle epistle chapter 3 the epistles of the apostles chapter 3 the epistles of the apostles chapter 3 the epistles of the apostles one epistle of peter that called the one epistle of peter that called the one epistle of peter that called the first is acknowledged as genuine first is acknowledged as genuine first is acknowledged as genuine and this the ancient elders used freely and this the ancient elders used freely and this the ancient elders used freely in their own writings as an undisputed in their own writings as an undisputed in their own writings as an undisputed work work work but we have learned that his extant but we have learned that his extant but we have learned that his extant second epistle does not belong to the second epistle does not belong to the second epistle does not belong to the canon canon canon yet as it has appeared profitable to yet as it has appeared profitable to yet as it has appeared profitable to many it has been used with the other many it has been used with the other many it has been used with the other scriptures scriptures scriptures the so-called acts of peter however and the so-called acts of peter however and the so-called acts of peter however and the gospel which bears his name the gospel which bears his name the gospel which bears his name and the preaching and the apocalypse as and the preaching and the apocalypse as and the preaching and the apocalypse as they are called they are called they are called we know have not been universally we know have not been universally we know have not been universally accepted because no accepted because no accepted because no ecclesiastical writer ancient or modern ecclesiastical writer ancient or modern ecclesiastical writer ancient or modern has made use of testimonies drawn from has made use of testimonies drawn from has made use of testimonies drawn from them them them but in the course of my history i shall but in the course of my history i shall but in the course of my history i shall be careful to show be careful to show be careful to show in addition to the official succession in addition to the official succession in addition to the official succession what ecclesiastical writers have from what ecclesiastical writers have from what ecclesiastical writers have from time to time made use of any of the time to time made use of any of the time to time made use of any of the disputed works disputed works disputed works and what they have said in regard to the and what they have said in regard to the and what they have said in regard to the canonical and accepted writings canonical and accepted writings canonical and accepted writings as well as in regard to those which are as well as in regard to those which are as well as in regard to those which are not of this class such are the writings that bear the name such are the writings that bear the name of peter only one of which i know to be of peter only one of which i know to be of peter only one of which i know to be genuine genuine genuine and acknowledged by the ancient elders paul's 14 epistles are well known and paul's 14 epistles are well known and undisputed undisputed undisputed it is not indeed right to overlook the it is not indeed right to overlook the it is not indeed right to overlook the fact that some have rejected the epistle fact that some have rejected the epistle fact that some have rejected the epistle to the hebrews to the hebrews to the hebrews saying that it is disputed by the church saying that it is disputed by the church saying that it is disputed by the church of rome on the ground that it was not of rome on the ground that it was not of rome on the ground that it was not written by paul written by paul written by paul but what has been said concerning this but what has been said concerning this but what has been said concerning this epistle by those who lived before our

epistle by those who lived before our epistle by those who lived before our time time time i shall quote in the proper place in i shall quote in the proper place in i shall quote in the proper place in regard to the so-called acts of paul regard to the so-called acts of paul regard to the so-called acts of paul i have not found them among the i have not found them among the i have not found them among the undisputed writings undisputed writings undisputed writings but as the same apostle in the but as the same apostle in the but as the same apostle in the salutations at the end of the epistle to salutations at the end of the epistle to salutations at the end of the epistle to the romans the romans the romans has made mention among others of hermas has made mention among others of hermas has made mention among others of hermas to whom the book called the shepherd is to whom the book called the shepherd is to whom the book called the shepherd is ascribed ascribed ascribed it should be observed that this too has it should be observed that this too has it should be observed that this too has been disputed by some been disputed by some been disputed by some and on their account cannot be placed and on their account cannot be placed and on their account cannot be placed among the acknowledged books among the acknowledged books among the acknowledged books while by others it is considered quite while by others it is considered quite while by others it is considered quite indispensable indispensable indispensable especially to those who need instruction especially to those who need instruction especially to those who need instruction in the elements of the faith in the elements of the faith in the elements of the faith hence as we know it has been publicly hence as we know it has been publicly hence as we know it has been publicly read in churches and i have found that read in churches and i have found that read in churches and i have found that some of the most ancient writers used it this will serve to show the divine this will serve to show the divine writings that are undisputed writings that are undisputed writings that are undisputed as well as those that are not as well as those that are not as well as those that are not universally acknowledged chapter 4 universally acknowledged chapter 4 universally acknowledged chapter 4 the first successors of the apostles that paul preached to the gentiles and that paul preached to the gentiles and laid the foundations of the churches laid the foundations of the churches laid the foundations of the churches from jerusalem round about even unto from jerusalem round about even unto from jerusalem round about even unto illyricum illyricum illyricum is evident both from his own words and is evident both from his own words and is evident both from his own words and from the account which luke has given in from the account which luke has given in from the account which luke has given in the acts the acts the acts and in how many provinces peter preached and in how many provinces peter preached and in how many provinces peter preached christ and taught the doctrine of the christ and taught the doctrine of the christ and taught the doctrine of the new covenant to those of the new covenant to those of the new covenant to those of the circumcision circumcision circumcision is clear from his own words in his is clear from his own words in his is clear from his own words in his epistle already mentioned epistle already mentioned epistle already mentioned as undisputed in which he writes to the as undisputed in which he writes to the as undisputed in which he writes to the hebrews of the dispersion hebrews of the dispersion hebrews of the dispersion in pontus galatia cappadocia asia in pontus galatia cappadocia asia in pontus galatia cappadocia asia and bithynia but the number and the

and bithynia but the number and the and bithynia but the number and the names of those among them that became names of those among them that became names of those among them that became true and true and true and zealous followers of the apostles and zealous followers of the apostles and zealous followers of the apostles and were judged worthy to tend the churches were judged worthy to tend the churches were judged worthy to tend the churches founded by them founded by them founded by them it is not easy to tell except those it is not easy to tell except those it is not easy to tell except those mentioned in the writings of paul mentioned in the writings of paul mentioned in the writings of paul for he had innumerable fellow laborers for he had innumerable fellow laborers for he had innumerable fellow laborers or fellow soldiers or fellow soldiers or fellow soldiers as he called them and most of them were as he called them and most of them were as he called them and most of them were honored by him with an imperishable honored by him with an imperishable honored by him with an imperishable memorial memorial memorial for he gave enduring testimony for he gave enduring testimony for he gave enduring testimony concerning them in his own epistles concerning them in his own epistles concerning them in his own epistles luke also in the acts speaks of his luke also in the acts speaks of his luke also in the acts speaks of his friends and mentions them by name friends and mentions them by name friends and mentions them by name timothy so it is recorded was the first timothy so it is recorded was the first timothy so it is recorded was the first to receive the episcopate of the parish to receive the episcopate of the parish to receive the episcopate of the parish in ephesus in ephesus in ephesus titus of the churches in crete but luke who was of antiochian parentage but luke who was of antiochian parentage and a physician by profession and a physician by profession and a physician by profession and who was especially intimate with and who was especially intimate with and who was especially intimate with paul and well acquainted with the rest paul and well acquainted with the rest paul and well acquainted with the rest of the apostles of the apostles of the apostles has left us in two inspired books proofs has left us in two inspired books proofs has left us in two inspired books proofs of that spiritual healing art which he of that spiritual healing art which he of that spiritual healing art which he learned from them learned from them learned from them one of these books is the gospel which one of these books is the gospel which one of these books is the gospel which he testifies that he wrote he testifies that he wrote he testifies that he wrote as those who were from the beginning as those who were from the beginning as those who were from the beginning eyewitnesses and ministers of the word eyewitnesses and ministers of the word eyewitnesses and ministers of the word delivered unto him delivered unto him delivered unto him all of whom as he says he followed all of whom as he says he followed all of whom as he says he followed accurately from the first accurately from the first accurately from the first the other book is the acts of the the other book is the acts of the the other book is the acts of the apostles which he composed not from the apostles which he composed not from the apostles which he composed not from the accounts of others accounts of others accounts of others but from what he had seen himself and they say that paul meant to refer to and they say that paul meant to refer to luke's gospel wherever luke's gospel wherever luke's gospel wherever as if speaking of some gospel of his own as if speaking of some gospel of his own as if speaking of some gospel of his own he used the words he used the words he used the words according to my gospel

as to the rest of his followers paul as to the rest of his followers paul testifies that christians was sent to testifies that christians was sent to testifies that christians was sent to gaul gaul gaul but linus whom he mentions in the second but linus whom he mentions in the second but linus whom he mentions in the second epistle to timothy as his companion at epistle to timothy as his companion at epistle to timothy as his companion at rome rome rome was peter's successor in the episcopal was peter's successor in the episcopal was peter's successor in the episcopal of the church there of the church there of the church there as has already been shown as has already been shown as has already been shown clement also who was appointed third clement also who was appointed third clement also who was appointed third bishop of the church at rome bishop of the church at rome bishop of the church at rome was as paul testifies his co-laborer and was as paul testifies his co-laborer and was as paul testifies his co-laborer and fellow soldier fellow soldier fellow soldier besides these that areopagite named besides these that areopagite named besides these that areopagite named dionysius dionysius dionysius who was the first to believe after who was the first to believe after who was the first to believe after paul's address to the athenians in the paul's address to the athenians in the paul's address to the athenians in the areopagus areopagus areopagus as recorded by luke in the acts is as recorded by luke in the acts is as recorded by luke in the acts is mentioned by another dionysius mentioned by another dionysius mentioned by another dionysius an ancient writer and pastor of the an ancient writer and pastor of the an ancient writer and pastor of the parish in corinth parish in corinth parish in corinth as the first bishop of the church at as the first bishop of the church at as the first bishop of the church at athens but the events connected with the but the events connected with the apostolic succession we shall relate at apostolic succession we shall relate at apostolic succession we shall relate at the proper time the proper time the proper time meanwhile let us continue the course of meanwhile let us continue the course of meanwhile let us continue the course of our history our history our history chapter 5 the last siege of the jews chapter 5 the last siege of the jews chapter 5 the last siege of the jews after christ after christ after christ after nero had held the power 13 years after nero had held the power 13 years after nero had held the power 13 years and and and galba and otho had ruled a year and six galba and otho had ruled a year and six galba and otho had ruled a year and six months months months vespasian who had become distinguished vespasian who had become distinguished vespasian who had become distinguished in the campaign against the jews in the campaign against the jews in the campaign against the jews was proclaimed sovereign in judea and was proclaimed sovereign in judea and was proclaimed sovereign in judea and received the title of received the title of received the title of emperor from the armies there setting emperor from the armies there setting emperor from the armies there setting out immediately therefore for rome out immediately therefore for rome out immediately therefore for rome he entrusted the conduct of the war he entrusted the conduct of the war he entrusted the conduct of the war against the jews to his son against the jews to his son against the jews to his son titus for the jews after the ascension titus for the jews after the ascension titus for the jews after the ascension of our savior of our savior of our savior in addition to their crime against him

in addition to their crime against him in addition to their crime against him had been devising as many plots as they had been devising as many plots as they had been devising as many plots as they could against his apostles could against his apostles could against his apostles first stephen was stoned to death by first stephen was stoned to death by first stephen was stoned to death by them and after him them and after him them and after him james the son of zebedee and the brother james the son of zebedee and the brother james the son of zebedee and the brother of john was beheaded of john was beheaded of john was beheaded and finally james the first that had and finally james the first that had and finally james the first that had obtained the episcopal seat in jerusalem obtained the episcopal seat in jerusalem obtained the episcopal seat in jerusalem after the ascension of our savior after the ascension of our savior after the ascension of our savior died in the manner already described but died in the manner already described but died in the manner already described but the rest of the apostles the rest of the apostles the rest of the apostles who had been incessantly plotted against who had been incessantly plotted against who had been incessantly plotted against with a view to their destruction with a view to their destruction with a view to their destruction and had been driven out of the land of and had been driven out of the land of and had been driven out of the land of judea went unto all nations to preach judea went unto all nations to preach judea went unto all nations to preach the gospel the gospel the gospel relying upon the power of christ who had relying upon the power of christ who had relying upon the power of christ who had said to them said to them said to them go ye and make disciples of all the go ye and make disciples of all the go ye and make disciples of all the nations in my name but the people of the church in but the people of the church in jerusalem had been commanded by a jerusalem had been commanded by a jerusalem had been commanded by a revelation revelation revelation vouchsafed to approved men there before vouchsafed to approved men there before vouchsafed to approved men there before the war the war the war to leave the city and to dwell in a to leave the city and to dwell in a to leave the city and to dwell in a certain town of perea called pella certain town of perea called pella certain town of perea called pella and when those that believed in christ and when those that believed in christ and when those that believed in christ had come thither from jerusalem had come thither from jerusalem had come thither from jerusalem then as if the royal city of the jews then as if the royal city of the jews then as if the royal city of the jews and the whole land of judea were and the whole land of judea were and the whole land of judea were entirely destitute of holy men entirely destitute of holy men entirely destitute of holy men the judgment of god at length overtook the judgment of god at length overtook the judgment of god at length overtook those who had committed such outrages those who had committed such outrages those who had committed such outrages against christ and his apostles against christ and his apostles against christ and his apostles and totally destroyed that generation of and totally destroyed that generation of and totally destroyed that generation of impious men impious men impious men but the number of calamities which but the number of calamities which but the number of calamities which everywhere fell upon the nation at that everywhere fell upon the nation at that everywhere fell upon the nation at that time time time the extreme misfortunes to which the the extreme misfortunes to which the the extreme misfortunes to which the inhabitants of judea were especially inhabitants of judea were especially inhabitants of judea were especially subjected subjected subjected the thousands of men as well as women the thousands of men as well as women the thousands of men as well as women and children and children and children that perished by the sword by famine and that perished by the sword by famine and that perished by the sword by famine and by other forms of death innumerable

by other forms of death innumerable by other forms of death innumerable all these things as well as the many all these things as well as the many all these things as well as the many great sieges which were carried on great sieges which were carried on great sieges which were carried on against the cities of judea against the cities of judea against the cities of judea and the excessive sufferings endured by and the excessive sufferings endured by and the excessive sufferings endured by those that fled to jerusalem itself those that fled to jerusalem itself those that fled to jerusalem itself as to a city of perfect safety and as to a city of perfect safety and as to a city of perfect safety and finally the general course of the whole finally the general course of the whole finally the general course of the whole war war war as well as its particular occurrences in as well as its particular occurrences in as well as its particular occurrences in detail and how at last the abomination detail and how at last the abomination detail and how at last the abomination of desolation proclaimed by the prophets of desolation proclaimed by the prophets of desolation proclaimed by the prophets stood in the very temple of god so stood in the very temple of god so stood in the very temple of god so celebrated of old celebrated of old celebrated of old the temple which was now awaiting its the temple which was now awaiting its the temple which was now awaiting its total and final destruction by fire total and final destruction by fire total and final destruction by fire all these things anyone that wishes may all these things anyone that wishes may all these things anyone that wishes may find accurately described find accurately described find accurately described in the history written by josephus in the history written by josephus in the history written by josephus but it is necessary to state that this but it is necessary to state that this but it is necessary to state that this writer records that the multitude of writer records that the multitude of writer records that the multitude of those who were assembled from all judea those who were assembled from all judea those who were assembled from all judea at the time of the passover at the time of the passover at the time of the passover to the number of three million souls to the number of three million souls to the number of three million souls were shut up in jerusalem as in a prison were shut up in jerusalem as in a prison were shut up in jerusalem as in a prison to use his own words to use his own words to use his own words for it was right that in the very days for it was right that in the very days for it was right that in the very days in which they had inflicted suffering in which they had inflicted suffering in which they had inflicted suffering upon the savior and the benefactor of upon the savior and the benefactor of upon the savior and the benefactor of all all all the christ of god that in those days the christ of god that in those days the christ of god that in those days shut up as in a prison shut up as in a prison shut up as in a prison they should meet with destruction at the they should meet with destruction at the they should meet with destruction at the hands of divine justice but passing by the particular calamities but passing by the particular calamities which they suffered from the attempts which they suffered from the attempts which they suffered from the attempts made upon them by the sword and by other made upon them by the sword and by other made upon them by the sword and by other means means means i think it necessary to relate only the i think it necessary to relate only the i think it necessary to relate only the misfortunes which the famine caused misfortunes which the famine caused misfortunes which the famine caused that those who read this work may have that those who read this work may have that those who read this work may have some means of knowing some means of knowing some means of knowing that god was not long in executing that god was not long in executing that god was not long in executing vengeance upon them for their wickedness vengeance upon them for their wickedness vengeance upon them for their wickedness against the christ of god

against the christ of god against the christ of god chapter 6 the famine which oppressed chapter 6 the famine which oppressed chapter 6 the famine which oppressed them them them taking the fifth book of the history of taking the fifth book of the history of taking the fifth book of the history of josephus again in our hands josephus again in our hands josephus again in our hands let us go through the tragedy of events let us go through the tragedy of events let us go through the tragedy of events which then occurred which then occurred which then occurred for the wealthy he says it was equally for the wealthy he says it was equally for the wealthy he says it was equally dangerous to remain dangerous to remain dangerous to remain for under pretense that they were going for under pretense that they were going for under pretense that they were going to desert men were put to death for to desert men were put to death for to desert men were put to death for their wealth their wealth their wealth the madness of the seditions increased the madness of the seditions increased the madness of the seditions increased with the famine and both the miseries with the famine and both the miseries with the famine and both the miseries were inflamed were inflamed were inflamed more and more day by day nowhere was food to be seen but bursting nowhere was food to be seen but bursting into the houses men into the houses men into the houses men searched them thoroughly and whenever searched them thoroughly and whenever searched them thoroughly and whenever they found anything to eat they they found anything to eat they they found anything to eat they tormented the owners on the ground that tormented the owners on the ground that tormented the owners on the ground that they had denied that they had anything they had denied that they had anything they had denied that they had anything but if they found nothing they tortured but if they found nothing they tortured but if they found nothing they tortured them on the ground that they had more them on the ground that they had more them on the ground that they had more carefully concealed it carefully concealed it carefully concealed it the proof of their having or not having the proof of their having or not having the proof of their having or not having food was found in the bodies of the poor food was found in the bodies of the poor food was found in the bodies of the poor wretches wretches wretches those of them who were still in good those of them who were still in good those of them who were still in good condition they assumed were well condition they assumed were well condition they assumed were well supplied with food supplied with food supplied with food while those who were already wasted away while those who were already wasted away while those who were already wasted away they passed by they passed by they passed by for it seemed absurd to slay those who for it seemed absurd to slay those who for it seemed absurd to slay those who were on the point of perishing for want were on the point of perishing for want were on the point of perishing for want many indeed secretly sold their many indeed secretly sold their many indeed secretly sold their possessions for one measure of wheat possessions for one measure of wheat possessions for one measure of wheat if they belonged to the wealthier class if they belonged to the wealthier class if they belonged to the wealthier class of barley if they were poorer of barley if they were poorer of barley if they were poorer then shutting themselves up in the then shutting themselves up in the then shutting themselves up in the innermost parts of their houses innermost parts of their houses innermost parts of their houses some ate the grain uncooked on account some ate the grain uncooked on account some ate the grain uncooked on account of their terrible want of their terrible want of their terrible want while others baked it according as while others baked it according as while others baked it according as necessity and fear dictated

necessity and fear dictated necessity and fear dictated nowhere were tables set but snatching nowhere were tables set but snatching nowhere were tables set but snatching the yet uncooked food from the fire the yet uncooked food from the fire the yet uncooked food from the fire they tore it in pieces wretched was the they tore it in pieces wretched was the they tore it in pieces wretched was the fair fair fair and a lamentable spectacle it was to see and a lamentable spectacle it was to see and a lamentable spectacle it was to see the more powerful secure an abundance the more powerful secure an abundance the more powerful secure an abundance while the weaker mourned of all evils indeed famine is the worst of all evils indeed famine is the worst and it destroys nothing so effectively and it destroys nothing so effectively and it destroys nothing so effectively as shame as shame as shame for that which under other circumstances for that which under other circumstances for that which under other circumstances is worthy of respect is worthy of respect is worthy of respect in the midst of famine is despised thus in the midst of famine is despised thus in the midst of famine is despised thus women snatched the food from the very women snatched the food from the very women snatched the food from the very mouths of their husbands and children mouths of their husbands and children mouths of their husbands and children from their fathers and what was most from their fathers and what was most from their fathers and what was most pitiable of all pitiable of all pitiable of all mothers from their babes and while their mothers from their babes and while their mothers from their babes and while their dearest ones were wasting away in their dearest ones were wasting away in their dearest ones were wasting away in their arms they were not ashamed to take away arms they were not ashamed to take away arms they were not ashamed to take away from them the last drops that supported from them the last drops that supported from them the last drops that supported life life life and even while they were eating thus and even while they were eating thus and even while they were eating thus they did not remain they did not remain they did not remain undiscovered but everywhere the rioters undiscovered but everywhere the rioters undiscovered but everywhere the rioters appeared appeared appeared to rob them even of these portions of to rob them even of these portions of to rob them even of these portions of food for whenever they saw a house shut food for whenever they saw a house shut food for whenever they saw a house shut up up up they regarded it as a sign that those they regarded it as a sign that those they regarded it as a sign that those inside were taking inside were taking inside were taking food and immediately bursting open the food and immediately bursting open the food and immediately bursting open the doors they rushed in doors they rushed in doors they rushed in and seized what they were eating almost and seized what they were eating almost and seized what they were eating almost forcing it out of their very throats forcing it out of their very throats forcing it out of their very throats old men who clung to their food were old men who clung to their food were old men who clung to their food were beaten and if the women concealed it in beaten and if the women concealed it in beaten and if the women concealed it in their hands their hands their hands their hair was torn for so doing there their hair was torn for so doing there their hair was torn for so doing there was pity neither for gray hairs nor for was pity neither for gray hairs nor for was pity neither for gray hairs nor for infants but taking up the babes that infants but taking up the babes that infants but taking up the babes that clung to their morsels of food clung to their morsels of food clung to their morsels of food they dashed them to the ground but to they dashed them to the ground but to they dashed them to the ground but to those that anticipated their

those that anticipated their those that anticipated their entrance and swallowed what they were entrance and swallowed what they were entrance and swallowed what they were about to seize they were still more about to seize they were still more about to seize they were still more cruel cruel cruel just as if they had been wronged by them just as if they had been wronged by them just as if they had been wronged by them and they devised the most terrible modes and they devised the most terrible modes and they devised the most terrible modes of torture to discover food of torture to discover food of torture to discover food stopping up the privy passages of the stopping up the privy passages of the stopping up the privy passages of the poor wretches with bitter herbs poor wretches with bitter herbs poor wretches with bitter herbs and piercing their seats with sharp rods and piercing their seats with sharp rods and piercing their seats with sharp rods and men suffered things horrible even to and men suffered things horrible even to and men suffered things horrible even to hear of for the sake of compelling them hear of for the sake of compelling them hear of for the sake of compelling them to confess to the possession of one loaf to confess to the possession of one loaf to confess to the possession of one loaf of bread of bread of bread or in order that they might be made to or in order that they might be made to or in order that they might be made to disclose a single drachma of barley disclose a single drachma of barley disclose a single drachma of barley which they had concealed which they had concealed which they had concealed but the tormentors themselves did not but the tormentors themselves did not but the tormentors themselves did not suffer hunger suffer hunger suffer hunger their conduct might indeed have seemed their conduct might indeed have seemed their conduct might indeed have seemed less barbarous if they had been driven less barbarous if they had been driven less barbarous if they had been driven to it by necessity to it by necessity to it by necessity but they did it for the sake of but they did it for the sake of but they did it for the sake of exercising their madness and of exercising their madness and of exercising their madness and of providing sustenance for themselves for providing sustenance for themselves for providing sustenance for themselves for days to come days to come days to come and when anyone crept out of the city by and when anyone crept out of the city by and when anyone crept out of the city by night as far as the outposts of the night as far as the outposts of the night as far as the outposts of the romans to collect wild herbs and grass romans to collect wild herbs and grass romans to collect wild herbs and grass they went to meet him and when he they went to meet him and when he they went to meet him and when he thought he had already escaped the enemy thought he had already escaped the enemy thought he had already escaped the enemy they seized what he had brought with him they seized what he had brought with him they seized what he had brought with him and even though oftentimes the man would and even though oftentimes the man would and even though oftentimes the man would entreat them entreat them entreat them and calling upon the most awful name of and calling upon the most awful name of and calling upon the most awful name of god adjour them to give him a portion of god adjour them to give him a portion of god adjour them to give him a portion of what he had obtained at the risk of his what he had obtained at the risk of his what he had obtained at the risk of his life life life they would give him nothing back indeed they would give him nothing back indeed they would give him nothing back indeed it was fortunate if the one that was it was fortunate if the one that was it was fortunate if the one that was plundered was not also plundered was not also plundered was not also slain to this account josephus slain to this account josephus slain to this account josephus after relating other things adds the after relating other things adds the after relating other things adds the following following following the possibility of going out of the city the possibility of going out of the city the possibility of going out of the city being brought to an

being brought to an being brought to an end all hope of safety for the jews was end all hope of safety for the jews was end all hope of safety for the jews was cut off cut off cut off and the famine increased and devoured and the famine increased and devoured and the famine increased and devoured the people by houses the people by houses the people by houses and families and the rooms were filled and families and the rooms were filled and families and the rooms were filled with dead women and children with dead women and children with dead women and children the lanes of the city with the corpses the lanes of the city with the corpses the lanes of the city with the corpses of old men of old men of old men children and youths swollen with the children and youths swollen with the children and youths swollen with the famine wandered about the market places famine wandered about the market places famine wandered about the market places like like like shadows and fell down wherever the death shadows and fell down wherever the death shadows and fell down wherever the death agony overtook them agony overtook them agony overtook them the sick were not strong enough to bury the sick were not strong enough to bury the sick were not strong enough to bury even their own relatives even their own relatives even their own relatives and those who had the strength hesitated and those who had the strength hesitated and those who had the strength hesitated because of the multitude of the dead because of the multitude of the dead because of the multitude of the dead and the uncertainty as to their own fate and the uncertainty as to their own fate and the uncertainty as to their own fate many many many indeed died while they were burying indeed died while they were burying indeed died while they were burying others others others and many betook themselves to their and many betook themselves to their and many betook themselves to their graves before death came upon them there was neither weeping nor there was neither weeping nor lamentation under these misfortunes lamentation under these misfortunes lamentation under these misfortunes but the famine stifled the natural but the famine stifled the natural but the famine stifled the natural affections affections affections those that were dying a lingering death those that were dying a lingering death those that were dying a lingering death looked with dry eyes upon those that had looked with dry eyes upon those that had looked with dry eyes upon those that had gone to their rest before them gone to their rest before them gone to their rest before them deep silence and death late in night deep silence and death late in night deep silence and death late in night encircled the city but the robbers were more terrible than but the robbers were more terrible than these miseries these miseries these miseries for they broke open the houses which for they broke open the houses which for they broke open the houses which were now mere sepulchers were now mere sepulchers were now mere sepulchers robbed the dead and stripped the robbed the dead and stripped the robbed the dead and stripped the covering from their bodies covering from their bodies covering from their bodies and went away with a laugh they tried and went away with a laugh they tried and went away with a laugh they tried the points of their swords in the dead the points of their swords in the dead the points of their swords in the dead bodies bodies bodies and some that were lying on the ground and some that were lying on the ground and some that were lying on the ground still alive they thrust through still alive they thrust through still alive they thrust through in order to test their weapons but those in order to test their weapons but those in order to test their weapons but those that prayed that they would use their that prayed that they would use their that prayed that they would use their right hand and their sword upon them

right hand and their sword upon them right hand and their sword upon them they contemptuously left to be destroyed they contemptuously left to be destroyed they contemptuously left to be destroyed by the famine by the famine by the famine every one of these died with eyes fixed every one of these died with eyes fixed every one of these died with eyes fixed upon the temple upon the temple upon the temple and they left the seditious alive these at first gave orders that the dead these at first gave orders that the dead should be buried out of the public should be buried out of the public should be buried out of the public treasury treasury treasury for they could not endure the stench but for they could not endure the stench but for they could not endure the stench but afterward when they were not able to do afterward when they were not able to do afterward when they were not able to do this this this they threw the bodies from the walls they threw the bodies from the walls they threw the bodies from the walls into the trenches into the trenches into the trenches and as titus went around and saw the and as titus went around and saw the and as titus went around and saw the trenches filled with the dead trenches filled with the dead trenches filled with the dead and the thick blood oozing out of the and the thick blood oozing out of the and the thick blood oozing out of the putrid bodies putrid bodies putrid bodies he groaned aloud and raising his hands he groaned aloud and raising his hands he groaned aloud and raising his hands called god to witness that this was not called god to witness that this was not called god to witness that this was not his doing his doing his doing after speaking of some other things after speaking of some other things after speaking of some other things josephus proceeds as follows josephus proceeds as follows josephus proceeds as follows i cannot hesitate to declare what my i cannot hesitate to declare what my i cannot hesitate to declare what my feelings compel me to feelings compel me to feelings compel me to i suppose if the romans had longer i suppose if the romans had longer i suppose if the romans had longer delayed in coming against these guilty delayed in coming against these guilty delayed in coming against these guilty wretches wretches wretches the city would have been swallowed up by the city would have been swallowed up by the city would have been swallowed up by a chasm or overwhelmed with a flood a chasm or overwhelmed with a flood a chasm or overwhelmed with a flood or struck with such thunderbolts as or struck with such thunderbolts as or struck with such thunderbolts as destroyed sodom destroyed sodom destroyed sodom for it had brought forth a generation of for it had brought forth a generation of for it had brought forth a generation of men much more godless than were those men much more godless than were those men much more godless than were those that suffered such punishment that suffered such punishment that suffered such punishment by their madness indeed was the whole by their madness indeed was the whole by their madness indeed was the whole people brought to destruction people brought to destruction people brought to destruction and in the sixth book he writes as and in the sixth book he writes as and in the sixth book he writes as follows of those that perished by famine follows of those that perished by famine follows of those that perished by famine in the city the number was countless in the city the number was countless in the city the number was countless and the miseries they underwent and the miseries they underwent and the miseries they underwent unspeakable unspeakable unspeakable for if so much as the shadow of food for if so much as the shadow of food for if so much as the shadow of food appeared in any house appeared in any house appeared in any house there was war and the dearest friends

there was war and the dearest friends there was war and the dearest friends engaged in hand-to-hand conflict with engaged in hand-to-hand conflict with engaged in hand-to-hand conflict with one another one another one another and snatched from each other the most and snatched from each other the most and snatched from each other the most wretched supports of life wretched supports of life wretched supports of life nor would they believe that even the nor would they believe that even the nor would they believe that even the dying were without food dying were without food dying were without food but the robbers would search them while but the robbers would search them while but the robbers would search them while they were expiring they were expiring they were expiring lest anyone should feign death while lest anyone should feign death while lest anyone should feign death while concealing food in his bosom concealing food in his bosom concealing food in his bosom with mouths gaping for want of food they with mouths gaping for want of food they with mouths gaping for want of food they stumbled and staggered along like mad stumbled and staggered along like mad stumbled and staggered along like mad dogs and beat the doors as if they were dogs and beat the doors as if they were dogs and beat the doors as if they were drunk and in their impotence they would drunk and in their impotence they would drunk and in their impotence they would rush into the same houses twice or rush into the same houses twice or rush into the same houses twice or thrice in one hour thrice in one hour thrice in one hour necessity compelled them to eat anything necessity compelled them to eat anything necessity compelled them to eat anything they could find they could find they could find and they gathered and devoured things and they gathered and devoured things and they gathered and devoured things that were not fit even for the filthiest that were not fit even for the filthiest that were not fit even for the filthiest of irrational beasts of irrational beasts of irrational beasts finally they did not abstain even from finally they did not abstain even from finally they did not abstain even from their girdles and shoes their girdles and shoes their girdles and shoes and they stripped the hides off their and they stripped the hides off their and they stripped the hides off their shields and devoured them shields and devoured them shields and devoured them some used even wisps of old hay for food some used even wisps of old hay for food some used even wisps of old hay for food and others gathered stubble and sold the and others gathered stubble and sold the and others gathered stubble and sold the smallest weight of it for four addict smallest weight of it for four addict smallest weight of it for four addict rock me rock me rock me but why should i speak of the but why should i speak of the but why should i speak of the shamelessness which was displayed during shamelessness which was displayed during shamelessness which was displayed during the famine toward inanimate things the famine toward inanimate things the famine toward inanimate things for i am going to relate a fact such as for i am going to relate a fact such as for i am going to relate a fact such as is recorded neither by greeks nor is recorded neither by greeks nor is recorded neither by greeks nor barbarians barbarians barbarians horrible to relate incredible to here horrible to relate incredible to here horrible to relate incredible to here and indeed i should gladly have omitted and indeed i should gladly have omitted and indeed i should gladly have omitted this calamity this calamity this calamity that i might not seem to posterity to be that i might not seem to posterity to be that i might not seem to posterity to be a teller of fabulous tales a teller of fabulous tales a teller of fabulous tales if i had not innumerable witnesses to it if i had not innumerable witnesses to it if i had not innumerable witnesses to it in my own age in my own age in my own age and besides i should render my country and besides i should render my country and besides i should render my country poor service poor service poor service if i suppress the account of the if i suppress the account of the if i suppress the account of the sufferings which she endured

sufferings which she endured sufferings which she endured there was a certain woman named mary there was a certain woman named mary there was a certain woman named mary that dwelt beyond jordan whose father that dwelt beyond jordan whose father that dwelt beyond jordan whose father was eliezer was eliezer was eliezer of the village of bathazor which of the village of bathazor which of the village of bathazor which signifies the house of hyssop signifies the house of hyssop signifies the house of hyssop she was distinguished for her family and she was distinguished for her family and she was distinguished for her family and her wealth and had fled her wealth and had fled her wealth and had fled with the rest of the multitude to with the rest of the multitude to with the rest of the multitude to jerusalem and was shut up there with him jerusalem and was shut up there with him jerusalem and was shut up there with him during the siege during the siege during the siege the tyrants had robbed her of the rest the tyrants had robbed her of the rest the tyrants had robbed her of the rest of the property which she had brought of the property which she had brought of the property which she had brought with her into the city from perea with her into the city from perea with her into the city from perea and the remnants of her possessions and and the remnants of her possessions and and the remnants of her possessions and whatever food was to be seen the guards whatever food was to be seen the guards whatever food was to be seen the guards rushed in daily rushed in daily rushed in daily and snatched away from her this made the and snatched away from her this made the and snatched away from her this made the woman terribly angry woman terribly angry woman terribly angry and by her frequent reproaches and and by her frequent reproaches and and by her frequent reproaches and imprecations she aroused the anger imprecations she aroused the anger imprecations she aroused the anger of the rapacious villains against of the rapacious villains against of the rapacious villains against herself herself herself but no one either through anger or pity but no one either through anger or pity but no one either through anger or pity would slay her would slay her would slay her and she grew weary of finding food for and she grew weary of finding food for and she grew weary of finding food for others to eat others to eat others to eat the search too was already become the search too was already become the search too was already become everywhere difficult everywhere difficult everywhere difficult and the famine was piercing her bowels and the famine was piercing her bowels and the famine was piercing her bowels and marrow and resentment was raging and marrow and resentment was raging and marrow and resentment was raging more violently than famine more violently than famine more violently than famine taking therefore anger and necessity as taking therefore anger and necessity as taking therefore anger and necessity as her counselors her counselors her counselors she proceeded to do a most unnatural she proceeded to do a most unnatural she proceeded to do a most unnatural thing thing thing her child a boy which was sucking at her her child a boy which was sucking at her her child a boy which was sucking at her breast she said breast she said breast she said o wretched child in war in famine in o wretched child in war in famine in o wretched child in war in famine in sedition sedition sedition for what do i preserve thee slaves among for what do i preserve thee slaves among for what do i preserve thee slaves among the romans we shall be even if we are the romans we shall be even if we are the romans we shall be even if we are allowed to live by them allowed to live by them allowed to live by them but even slavery is anticipated by the but even slavery is anticipated by the but even slavery is anticipated by the famine famine famine and the rioters are more cruel than both and the rioters are more cruel than both and the rioters are more cruel than both come

come come be food for me a fury for these rioters be food for me a fury for these rioters be food for me a fury for these rioters and a byword to the world for this is and a byword to the world for this is and a byword to the world for this is all that is wanting to complete the all that is wanting to complete the all that is wanting to complete the calamities of the jews calamities of the jews calamities of the jews and when she had said this she slew her and when she had said this she slew her and when she had said this she slew her son son son and having roasted him she ate one half and having roasted him she ate one half and having roasted him she ate one half herself herself herself and covering up the remainder she kept and covering up the remainder she kept and covering up the remainder she kept it it it very soon the rioters appeared on the very soon the rioters appeared on the very soon the rioters appeared on the scene and smelling the nefarious odor scene and smelling the nefarious odor scene and smelling the nefarious odor they threatened to slay her immediately they threatened to slay her immediately they threatened to slay her immediately unless she should show them what she had unless she should show them what she had unless she should show them what she had prepared prepared prepared she replied that she had saved an she replied that she had saved an she replied that she had saved an excellent portion for them excellent portion for them excellent portion for them and with that she uncovered the remains and with that she uncovered the remains and with that she uncovered the remains of the child of the child of the child they were immediately seized with horror they were immediately seized with horror they were immediately seized with horror and amazement and amazement and amazement and stood transfixed at the site but she and stood transfixed at the site but she and stood transfixed at the site but she said said said this is my own son and the deed is mine this is my own son and the deed is mine this is my own son and the deed is mine eat for i too have eaten eat for i too have eaten eat for i too have eaten be not more merciful than a woman nor be not more merciful than a woman nor be not more merciful than a woman nor more compassionate than a mother more compassionate than a mother more compassionate than a mother but if you are to pious and shrink from but if you are to pious and shrink from but if you are to pious and shrink from my sacrifice my sacrifice my sacrifice i have already eaten of it let the rest i have already eaten of it let the rest i have already eaten of it let the rest also remain for me also remain for me also remain for me at these words the men went out at these words the men went out at these words the men went out trembling in this one case being trembling in this one case being trembling in this one case being affrighted affrighted affrighted yet with difficulty did they yield that yet with difficulty did they yield that yet with difficulty did they yield that food to the mother food to the mother food to the mother forthwith the whole city was filled with forthwith the whole city was filled with forthwith the whole city was filled with the awful crime and as all pictured the the awful crime and as all pictured the the awful crime and as all pictured the terrible deed before their own eyes terrible deed before their own eyes terrible deed before their own eyes they trembled as if they had done it they trembled as if they had done it they trembled as if they had done it themselves themselves themselves those that were suffering from the those that were suffering from the those that were suffering from the famine now longed for death famine now longed for death famine now longed for death and blessed were they that had died

and blessed were they that had died and blessed were they that had died before hearing and seeing miseries like before hearing and seeing miseries like before hearing and seeing miseries like these these these such was the reward which the jews such was the reward which the jews such was the reward which the jews received for their wickedness and received for their wickedness and received for their wickedness and impiety impiety impiety against the christ of god against the christ of god against the christ of god end of book three part one book three part two of eusebius church book three part two of eusebius church history history history this is a librivox recording all this is a librivox recording all this is a librivox recording all librivox recordings are in the public librivox recordings are in the public librivox recordings are in the public domain domain domain for more information or to volunteer for more information or to volunteer for more information or to volunteer please visit librivox.org please visit librivox.org please visit librivox.org recording by david leeson recording by david leeson recording by david leeson church history by eusebius of caesarea church history by eusebius of caesarea church history by eusebius of caesarea translated by arthur cushman mcgifford translated by arthur cushman mcgifford translated by arthur cushman mcgifford book 3 part 2 chapter 7 through 21 chapter 7 the predictions of christ chapter 7 the predictions of christ it is fitting to add to these accounts it is fitting to add to these accounts it is fitting to add to these accounts the true prediction of our savior the true prediction of our savior the true prediction of our savior in which he foretold these very events his words are as follows woe unto them his words are as follows woe unto them that are with child that are with child that are with child and to them that gives suck in those and to them that gives suck in those and to them that gives suck in those days but pray ye that your flight be not days but pray ye that your flight be not days but pray ye that your flight be not in the winter in the winter in the winter neither on the sabbath day for there neither on the sabbath day for there neither on the sabbath day for there shall be great tribulation shall be great tribulation shall be great tribulation such as was not since the beginning of such as was not since the beginning of such as was not since the beginning of the world to this time the world to this time the world to this time no nor ever shall be no nor ever shall be no nor ever shall be the historian reckoning the whole number the historian reckoning the whole number the historian reckoning the whole number of the slain

of the slain of the slain says that eleven hundred thousand says that eleven hundred thousand says that eleven hundred thousand persons perished by feminine sword persons perished by feminine sword persons perished by feminine sword and that the rest of the rioters and and that the rest of the rioters and and that the rest of the rioters and robbers being betrayed by each other robbers being betrayed by each other robbers being betrayed by each other after the taking of the city were slain after the taking of the city were slain after the taking of the city were slain but the tallest of the youths and those but the tallest of the youths and those but the tallest of the youths and those that were distinguished for beauty were that were distinguished for beauty were that were distinguished for beauty were preserved for the triumph preserved for the triumph preserved for the triumph of the rest of the multitude those that of the rest of the multitude those that of the rest of the multitude those that were over 17 years of age were sent as were over 17 years of age were sent as were over 17 years of age were sent as prisoners to labor in the works of prisoners to labor in the works of prisoners to labor in the works of egypt while still more were scattered egypt while still more were scattered egypt while still more were scattered through the provinces to meet their through the provinces to meet their through the provinces to meet their death in the theaters by the sword and death in the theaters by the sword and death in the theaters by the sword and by beasts by beasts by beasts those under 17 years of age were carried those under 17 years of age were carried those under 17 years of age were carried away to be sold as slaves away to be sold as slaves away to be sold as slaves and of these alone the number reached and of these alone the number reached and of these alone the number reached ninety thousand these things took place in this manner these things took place in this manner in the second year of the reign of in the second year of the reign of in the second year of the reign of vespasian vespasian vespasian in accordance with the prophecies of our in accordance with the prophecies of our in accordance with the prophecies of our lord and savior jesus christ lord and savior jesus christ lord and savior jesus christ who by divine power saw them beforehand who by divine power saw them beforehand who by divine power saw them beforehand as if they were already present as if they were already present as if they were already present and wept and mourned according to the and wept and mourned according to the and wept and mourned according to the statement of the holy evangelists who statement of the holy evangelists who statement of the holy evangelists who gave the very words which he uttered gave the very words which he uttered gave the very words which he uttered when as if addressing jerusalem herself when as if addressing jerusalem herself when as if addressing jerusalem herself he said he said he said if thou had known even thou in this day if thou had known even thou in this day if thou had known even thou in this day the things which belong unto thy peace the things which belong unto thy peace the things which belong unto thy peace but now they are hid from thine eyes but now they are hid from thine eyes but now they are hid from thine eyes for the days shall come upon thee that for the days shall come upon thee that for the days shall come upon thee that thine enemies shall cast a rampart about thine enemies shall cast a rampart about thine enemies shall cast a rampart about thee thee thee encompass the round and keep the in on encompass the round and keep the in on encompass the round and keep the in on every side every side every side and shall lay thee and thy children even and shall lay thee and thy children even and shall lay thee and thy children even with the ground and then as if speaking concerning the and then as if speaking concerning the people he says people he says people he says for there shall be great distress in the

for there shall be great distress in the for there shall be great distress in the land and wrath upon this people land and wrath upon this people land and wrath upon this people and they shall fall by the edge of the and they shall fall by the edge of the and they shall fall by the edge of the sword and shall be led away sword and shall be led away sword and shall be led away captive into all nations and jerusalem captive into all nations and jerusalem captive into all nations and jerusalem shall be trodden down of the gentiles shall be trodden down of the gentiles shall be trodden down of the gentiles until the times of the gentiles be until the times of the gentiles be until the times of the gentiles be fulfilled and again fulfilled and again fulfilled and again when ye shall see jerusalem compassed when ye shall see jerusalem compassed when ye shall see jerusalem compassed with armies then know that the with armies then know that the with armies then know that the desolation thereof desolation thereof desolation thereof is nigh if anyone compares the words of is nigh if anyone compares the words of is nigh if anyone compares the words of our savior with the other accounts of our savior with the other accounts of our savior with the other accounts of the historian concerning the whole war the historian concerning the whole war the historian concerning the whole war how can one fail to wonder how can one fail to wonder how can one fail to wonder and to admit that the foreknowledge and and to admit that the foreknowledge and and to admit that the foreknowledge and the prophecy of our savior the prophecy of our savior the prophecy of our savior were truly divine and marvelously were truly divine and marvelously were truly divine and marvelously strange concerning those calamities then that concerning those calamities then that befell the whole jewish nation befell the whole jewish nation befell the whole jewish nation after the savior's passion and after the after the savior's passion and after the after the savior's passion and after the words which the multitude of the jews words which the multitude of the jews words which the multitude of the jews uttered uttered uttered when they begged the release of the when they begged the release of the when they begged the release of the robber and murderer but besought that robber and murderer but besought that robber and murderer but besought that the prince of life should be taken from the prince of life should be taken from the prince of life should be taken from their midst their midst their midst it is not necessary to add anything to it is not necessary to add anything to it is not necessary to add anything to the account of the historian but it may be proper to mention also but it may be proper to mention also those events which exhibited the those events which exhibited the those events which exhibited the graciousness of that graciousness of that graciousness of that all-good provenance which held back all-good provenance which held back all-good provenance which held back their destruction their destruction their destruction full 40 years after their crime against full 40 years after their crime against full 40 years after their crime against christ christ christ during which time many of the apostles during which time many of the apostles during which time many of the apostles and disciples and disciples and disciples and james himself the first bishop there and james himself the first bishop there and james himself the first bishop there the one who is called the brother of the the one who is called the brother of the the one who is called the brother of the lord lord lord were still alive and dwelling in were still alive and dwelling in were still alive and dwelling in jerusalem itself jerusalem itself jerusalem itself remained the surest bulwark of the place remained the surest bulwark of the place remained the surest bulwark of the place divine providence thus still proved divine providence thus still proved divine providence thus still proved itself long-suffering toward them

itself long-suffering toward them itself long-suffering toward them in order to see whether by repentance in order to see whether by repentance in order to see whether by repentance for what they had done for what they had done for what they had done they might obtain pardon and salvation they might obtain pardon and salvation they might obtain pardon and salvation and in addition to such long suffering and in addition to such long suffering and in addition to such long suffering providence also furnished wonderful providence also furnished wonderful providence also furnished wonderful signs of the things which were about to signs of the things which were about to signs of the things which were about to happen to them happen to them happen to them if they did not repent if they did not repent if they did not repent since these matters have been thought since these matters have been thought since these matters have been thought worthy of mentioned by the historian worthy of mentioned by the historian worthy of mentioned by the historian already cited already cited already cited we cannot do better than to recount them we cannot do better than to recount them we cannot do better than to recount them for the benefit of the readers of this for the benefit of the readers of this for the benefit of the readers of this work work work chapter 8 the signs which preceded the chapter 8 the signs which preceded the chapter 8 the signs which preceded the war war war taking then the work of this author read taking then the work of this author read taking then the work of this author read what he records in the sixth book of his what he records in the sixth book of his what he records in the sixth book of his history history history his words are as follows thus were the his words are as follows thus were the his words are as follows thus were the miserable people won over at this time miserable people won over at this time miserable people won over at this time by the imposters and false prophets by the imposters and false prophets by the imposters and false prophets but they did not give heed nor give but they did not give heed nor give but they did not give heed nor give credit to the visions and signs that credit to the visions and signs that credit to the visions and signs that foretold the approaching desolation foretold the approaching desolation foretold the approaching desolation on the contrary as if struck by on the contrary as if struck by on the contrary as if struck by lightning and as if possessing neither lightning and as if possessing neither lightning and as if possessing neither eyes nor eyes nor eyes nor understanding they slighted the understanding they slighted the understanding they slighted the proclamations of god at one time a star in form like a sword at one time a star in form like a sword stood over the city and a comet which stood over the city and a comet which stood over the city and a comet which lasted for the whole year lasted for the whole year lasted for the whole year and again before the revolt and before and again before the revolt and before and again before the revolt and before the disturbances that led to the war the disturbances that led to the war the disturbances that led to the war when the people were gathered for the when the people were gathered for the when the people were gathered for the feast of unleavened bread feast of unleavened bread feast of unleavened bread on the eighth of the month zanthicus at on the eighth of the month zanthicus at on the eighth of the month zanthicus at the ninth hour of the night the ninth hour of the night the ninth hour of the night so great a light shone about the altar so great a light shone about the altar so great a light shone about the altar and the temple that it seemed to be and the temple that it seemed to be and the temple that it seemed to be bright day bright day bright day and this continued for half an hour this and this continued for half an hour this and this continued for half an hour this seemed to the unskillful a good sign

seemed to the unskillful a good sign seemed to the unskillful a good sign but was interpreted by the sacred but was interpreted by the sacred but was interpreted by the sacred scribes as portending those events which scribes as portending those events which scribes as portending those events which very soon took place very soon took place very soon took place and at the same feast a cow led by the and at the same feast a cow led by the and at the same feast a cow led by the high priest to be sacrificed high priest to be sacrificed high priest to be sacrificed brought forth a lamb in the midst of the brought forth a lamb in the midst of the brought forth a lamb in the midst of the temple temple temple and the eastern gate of the inner temple and the eastern gate of the inner temple and the eastern gate of the inner temple which was of bronze and very massive which was of bronze and very massive which was of bronze and very massive and which at evening was closed with and which at evening was closed with and which at evening was closed with difficulty by 20 men difficulty by 20 men difficulty by 20 men and rested upon ironbound beams and had and rested upon ironbound beams and had and rested upon ironbound beams and had bars sunk deep in the ground bars sunk deep in the ground bars sunk deep in the ground was seen at the sixth hour of the night was seen at the sixth hour of the night was seen at the sixth hour of the night to open of itself to open of itself to open of itself and not many days after the feast on the and not many days after the feast on the and not many days after the feast on the 21st of the month artemisium 21st of the month artemisium 21st of the month artemisium a certain marvelous vision was seen a certain marvelous vision was seen a certain marvelous vision was seen which passes belief which passes belief which passes belief the prodigy might seem fabulous were it the prodigy might seem fabulous were it the prodigy might seem fabulous were it not related by those who saw it not related by those who saw it not related by those who saw it and were not the calamities which and were not the calamities which and were not the calamities which followed deserving of such signs followed deserving of such signs followed deserving of such signs for before the setting of the sun for before the setting of the sun for before the setting of the sun chariots and armed troops were seen chariots and armed troops were seen chariots and armed troops were seen throughout the whole region in mid-air throughout the whole region in mid-air throughout the whole region in mid-air wheeling through the clouds and wheeling through the clouds and wheeling through the clouds and encircling the cities encircling the cities encircling the cities and at the feast which is called and at the feast which is called and at the feast which is called pentecost when the priests pentecost when the priests pentecost when the priests entered the temple at night as was their entered the temple at night as was their entered the temple at night as was their custom to perform the services custom to perform the services custom to perform the services they said that at first they perceived a they said that at first they perceived a they said that at first they perceived a movement and a noise movement and a noise movement and a noise and afterward a voice as of a great and afterward a voice as of a great and afterward a voice as of a great multitude saying multitude saying multitude saying let us go hence but what follows is still more terrible but what follows is still more terrible for a certain jesus for a certain jesus for a certain jesus the son of ananias a common countryman the son of ananias a common countryman the son of ananias a common countryman four years before the war four years before the war four years before the war when the city was particularly when the city was particularly when the city was particularly prosperous and peaceful

prosperous and peaceful prosperous and peaceful came to the feast at which it was came to the feast at which it was came to the feast at which it was customary for all to make tents at the customary for all to make tents at the customary for all to make tents at the temple to the honor of god temple to the honor of god temple to the honor of god and suddenly began to cry out a voice and suddenly began to cry out a voice and suddenly began to cry out a voice from the east from the east from the east a voice from the west a voice from the a voice from the west a voice from the a voice from the west a voice from the four winds a voice against jerusalem and four winds a voice against jerusalem and four winds a voice against jerusalem and the temple the temple the temple a voice against bridegrooms and brides a a voice against bridegrooms and brides a a voice against bridegrooms and brides a voice against all the people voice against all the people voice against all the people day and night he went through all the day and night he went through all the day and night he went through all the alleys crying thus alleys crying thus alleys crying thus but certain of the more distinguished but certain of the more distinguished but certain of the more distinguished citizens vexed at the ominous cry citizens vexed at the ominous cry citizens vexed at the ominous cry seized the man and beat him with many seized the man and beat him with many seized the man and beat him with many stripes but without uttering a word in stripes but without uttering a word in stripes but without uttering a word in his own behalf his own behalf his own behalf or saying anything in particular to or saying anything in particular to or saying anything in particular to those that were present those that were present those that were present he continued to cry out in the same he continued to cry out in the same he continued to cry out in the same words as before words as before words as before and the rulers thinking as was true that and the rulers thinking as was true that and the rulers thinking as was true that the man was moved by a higher power the man was moved by a higher power the man was moved by a higher power brought him before the roman governor brought him before the roman governor brought him before the roman governor and then though he was scourged to the and then though he was scourged to the and then though he was scourged to the bone bone bone he neither made supplication nor shed he neither made supplication nor shed he neither made supplication nor shed tears tears tears but changing his voice to the most but changing his voice to the most but changing his voice to the most lamentable tone possible lamentable tone possible lamentable tone possible he answered each stroke with the words he answered each stroke with the words he answered each stroke with the words woe woe woe woe woe woe unto jerusalem the same historian unto jerusalem the same historian unto jerusalem the same historian records another fact still more records another fact still more records another fact still more wonderful than this wonderful than this wonderful than this he says that a certain oracle was found he says that a certain oracle was found he says that a certain oracle was found in their sacred writings which declared in their sacred writings which declared in their sacred writings which declared that at that time a certain person that at that time a certain person that at that time a certain person should go forth from their country to should go forth from their country to should go forth from their country to rule the world rule the world rule the world he himself understood that this was he himself understood that this was he himself understood that this was fulfilled in vespasian fulfilled in vespasian fulfilled in vespasian but vespasian did not rule the whole but vespasian did not rule the whole but vespasian did not rule the whole world but only that part of it which was world but only that part of it which was world but only that part of it which was subject to the romans subject to the romans subject to the romans with better right could it be applied to

with better right could it be applied to with better right could it be applied to christ to whom it was said by the father christ to whom it was said by the father christ to whom it was said by the father ask of me and i will give thee the ask of me and i will give thee the ask of me and i will give thee the heathen for thine inheritance heathen for thine inheritance heathen for thine inheritance and the ends of the earth for thy and the ends of the earth for thy and the ends of the earth for thy possession at that very time possession at that very time possession at that very time indeed the voice of his holy apostles indeed the voice of his holy apostles indeed the voice of his holy apostles went throughout all the earth went throughout all the earth went throughout all the earth and their words to the end of the world and their words to the end of the world and their words to the end of the world chapter 9 josephus and the works which chapter 9 josephus and the works which chapter 9 josephus and the works which he has left he has left he has left after all this it is fitting that we after all this it is fitting that we after all this it is fitting that we should know something in regard to the should know something in regard to the should know something in regard to the origin and family of josephus origin and family of josephus origin and family of josephus who has contributed so much to the who has contributed so much to the who has contributed so much to the history in hand history in hand history in hand he himself gives us information on this he himself gives us information on this he himself gives us information on this point in the following words point in the following words point in the following words josephus the son of matthias a priest of josephus the son of matthias a priest of josephus the son of matthias a priest of jerusalem jerusalem jerusalem who himself fought against the romans in who himself fought against the romans in who himself fought against the romans in the beginning and was compelled to be the beginning and was compelled to be the beginning and was compelled to be present at what happened afterward present at what happened afterward present at what happened afterward he was the most noted of all the jews of he was the most noted of all the jews of he was the most noted of all the jews of that day that day that day not only among his own people but also not only among his own people but also not only among his own people but also among the romans among the romans among the romans so that he was honored by the erection so that he was honored by the erection so that he was honored by the erection of a statue in rome of a statue in rome of a statue in rome and his works were deemed worthy of a and his works were deemed worthy of a and his works were deemed worthy of a place in the library place in the library place in the library he wrote the whole of the antiquities of he wrote the whole of the antiquities of he wrote the whole of the antiquities of the jews in 20 books the jews in 20 books the jews in 20 books and a history of the war with the romans and a history of the war with the romans and a history of the war with the romans which took place in his time in seven which took place in his time in seven which took place in his time in seven books books books he himself testifies that the latter he himself testifies that the latter he himself testifies that the latter work was not only written in greek work was not only written in greek work was not only written in greek but that it was also translated by but that it was also translated by but that it was also translated by himself into his native tongue himself into his native tongue himself into his native tongue he is worthy of credit here because of he is worthy of credit here because of he is worthy of credit here because of his truthfulness in other matters his truthfulness in other matters his truthfulness in other matters there are extent also two other books of

there are extent also two other books of there are extent also two other books of his which are worth reading his which are worth reading his which are worth reading they treat of the antiquity of the jews they treat of the antiquity of the jews they treat of the antiquity of the jews and in them he replies to appian the and in them he replies to appian the and in them he replies to appian the grammarian grammarian grammarian who had at that time written a treatise who had at that time written a treatise who had at that time written a treatise against the jews against the jews against the jews and also to others who had attempted to and also to others who had attempted to and also to others who had attempted to vilify the hereditary institutions of vilify the hereditary institutions of vilify the hereditary institutions of the jewish people in the first of these books he gives the in the first of these books he gives the number of the canonical books of the number of the canonical books of the number of the canonical books of the so-called so-called so-called old testament apparently drawing his old testament apparently drawing his old testament apparently drawing his information from ancient tradition information from ancient tradition information from ancient tradition he shows what books were accepted he shows what books were accepted he shows what books were accepted without dispute among the hebrews without dispute among the hebrews without dispute among the hebrews his words are as follows chapter 10 the manner in which josephus chapter 10 the manner in which josephus mentions the divine mentions the divine mentions the divine books we have not books we have not books we have not therefore a multitude of books therefore a multitude of books therefore a multitude of books disagreeing and conflicting with one disagreeing and conflicting with one disagreeing and conflicting with one another another another but we have only 22 which contain the but we have only 22 which contain the but we have only 22 which contain the record of all time record of all time record of all time and are justly held to be divine and are justly held to be divine and are justly held to be divine of these five are by moses and contain of these five are by moses and contain of these five are by moses and contain the laws and the tradition respecting the laws and the tradition respecting the laws and the tradition respecting the origin of man the origin of man the origin of man and continue the history down to his own and continue the history down to his own and continue the history down to his own death death death this period embraces nearly three this period embraces nearly three this period embraces nearly three thousand years thousand years thousand years from the death of moses to the death of from the death of moses to the death of from the death of moses to the death of artaxerxes who succeeded xerxes as king artaxerxes who succeeded xerxes as king artaxerxes who succeeded xerxes as king of persia of persia of persia the prophets that followed moses wrote the prophets that followed moses wrote the prophets that followed moses wrote the history of their own times in 13 the history of their own times in 13 the history of their own times in 13 books books books the other four books contain hymns to the other four books contain hymns to the other four books contain hymns to god and precepts for the regulation of god and precepts for the regulation of god and precepts for the regulation of the life of men the life of men the life of men from the time of artaxerxes to our own from the time of artaxerxes to our own from the time of artaxerxes to our own day all the events have been recorded day all the events have been recorded day all the events have been recorded but the accounts are not worthy of the

but the accounts are not worthy of the but the accounts are not worthy of the same confidence that we repose and those same confidence that we repose and those same confidence that we repose and those which preceded them which preceded them which preceded them because there has not been during this because there has not been during this because there has not been during this time an exact succession of profits time an exact succession of profits time an exact succession of profits how much we are attached to our own how much we are attached to our own how much we are attached to our own writings is shown plainly by our writings is shown plainly by our writings is shown plainly by our treatment of them treatment of them treatment of them for although so great a period has for although so great a period has for although so great a period has already passed by already passed by already passed by no one has ventured either to add to or no one has ventured either to add to or no one has ventured either to add to or to take from them to take from them to take from them but it is inbred in all jews from their but it is inbred in all jews from their but it is inbred in all jews from their very birth to regard them as the very birth to regard them as the very birth to regard them as the teachings of god teachings of god teachings of god and to abide by them and if necessary and to abide by them and if necessary and to abide by them and if necessary cheerfully to die for them cheerfully to die for them cheerfully to die for them these remarks of the historian i have these remarks of the historian i have these remarks of the historian i have thought might advantageously be thought might advantageously be thought might advantageously be introduced in this connection another work of no little merit has been another work of no little merit has been produced by the same writer produced by the same writer produced by the same writer on the supremacy of reason which some on the supremacy of reason which some on the supremacy of reason which some have called maccabeacom have called maccabeacom have called maccabeacom because it contains an account of the because it contains an account of the because it contains an account of the struggles of those hebrews contended struggles of those hebrews contended struggles of those hebrews contended manfully for the true religion manfully for the true religion manfully for the true religion as is related in the books called as is related in the books called as is related in the books called maccabees maccabees maccabees and at the end of the 20th book of his and at the end of the 20th book of his and at the end of the 20th book of his antiquities antiquities antiquities josephus himself intimates that he had josephus himself intimates that he had josephus himself intimates that he had purpose to write a work in four books purpose to write a work in four books purpose to write a work in four books concerning god and his existence concerning god and his existence concerning god and his existence according to the traditional opinions of according to the traditional opinions of according to the traditional opinions of the jews and also concerning the laws the jews and also concerning the laws the jews and also concerning the laws why it is that they permit some things why it is that they permit some things why it is that they permit some things while prohibiting others while prohibiting others while prohibiting others and the same writer also mentions in his and the same writer also mentions in his and the same writer also mentions in his own works other books written by himself in addition to these things it is proper in addition to these things it is proper to quote also the words that are found to quote also the words that are found to quote also the words that are found at the close of his antiquities at the close of his antiquities at the close of his antiquities in confirmation of the testimony which

in confirmation of the testimony which in confirmation of the testimony which we have drawn from his accounts we have drawn from his accounts we have drawn from his accounts in that place he attacks justice of in that place he attacks justice of in that place he attacks justice of tiberius tiberius tiberius who like himself had attempted to write who like himself had attempted to write who like himself had attempted to write a history of contemporary events a history of contemporary events a history of contemporary events on the ground that he had not written on the ground that he had not written on the ground that he had not written truthfully having brought many other truthfully having brought many other truthfully having brought many other accusations against the man accusations against the man accusations against the man he continues in these words i indeed was he continues in these words i indeed was he continues in these words i indeed was not afraid in respect to my writings as not afraid in respect to my writings as not afraid in respect to my writings as you were you were you were but on the contrary i presented my books but on the contrary i presented my books but on the contrary i presented my books to the emperors themselves when the to the emperors themselves when the to the emperors themselves when the events were almost events were almost events were almost under men's eyes for i was conscious under men's eyes for i was conscious under men's eyes for i was conscious that i had preserved the truth in my that i had preserved the truth in my that i had preserved the truth in my account account account and hence was not disappointed in my and hence was not disappointed in my and hence was not disappointed in my expectation of obtaining their expectation of obtaining their expectation of obtaining their attestation attestation attestation and i presented my history also to many and i presented my history also to many and i presented my history also to many others others others some of whom were present at the war as some of whom were present at the war as some of whom were present at the war as for instance king agrippa and some of for instance king agrippa and some of for instance king agrippa and some of his relatives his relatives his relatives for the emperor titus desired so much for the emperor titus desired so much for the emperor titus desired so much that the knowledge of the events should that the knowledge of the events should that the knowledge of the events should be communicated to men by my history be communicated to men by my history be communicated to men by my history alone alone alone that he endorsed the books with his own that he endorsed the books with his own that he endorsed the books with his own hand and commanded that they should be hand and commanded that they should be hand and commanded that they should be published published published and king agrippa wrote 62 epistles and king agrippa wrote 62 epistles and king agrippa wrote 62 epistles testifying to the truthfulness of my testifying to the truthfulness of my testifying to the truthfulness of my account account account of these epistles josephus subjoins two of these epistles josephus subjoins two of these epistles josephus subjoins two but this will suffice in regard to him but this will suffice in regard to him but this will suffice in regard to him let us now proceed with our history let us now proceed with our history let us now proceed with our history chapter 11 simeon rules the church of chapter 11 simeon rules the church of chapter 11 simeon rules the church of jerusalem after james jerusalem after james jerusalem after james after the martyrdom of james and the after the martyrdom of james and the after the martyrdom of james and the conquest of jerusalem which immediately conquest of jerusalem which immediately conquest of jerusalem which immediately followed followed followed it is said that those of the apostles

it is said that those of the apostles it is said that those of the apostles and disciples of the lord that were and disciples of the lord that were and disciples of the lord that were still living still living still living came together from all directions with came together from all directions with came together from all directions with those that were related to the lord those that were related to the lord those that were related to the lord according to the flesh according to the flesh according to the flesh for the majority of them also were still for the majority of them also were still for the majority of them also were still alive alive alive to take counsel as to who was worthy to to take counsel as to who was worthy to to take counsel as to who was worthy to succeed james succeed james succeed james they all with one consent pronounced they all with one consent pronounced they all with one consent pronounced simeon the son of clopas simeon the son of clopas simeon the son of clopas of whom the gospel also makes mention to of whom the gospel also makes mention to of whom the gospel also makes mention to be worthy of the episcopal throne of be worthy of the episcopal throne of be worthy of the episcopal throne of that parish that parish that parish he was a cousin as they say of the he was a cousin as they say of the he was a cousin as they say of the savior savior savior for hegesippus records that clopas was a for hegesippus records that clopas was a for hegesippus records that clopas was a brother of joseph brother of joseph brother of joseph chapter 12 vespasian commands the chapter 12 vespasian commands the chapter 12 vespasian commands the descendants of david to be sought descendants of david to be sought descendants of david to be sought he also relates that vespasian after the he also relates that vespasian after the he also relates that vespasian after the conquest of jerusalem gave orders that conquest of jerusalem gave orders that conquest of jerusalem gave orders that all that belonged to the lineage of all that belonged to the lineage of all that belonged to the lineage of david should be sought out david should be sought out david should be sought out in order that none of the royal race in order that none of the royal race in order that none of the royal race might be left among the jews might be left among the jews might be left among the jews and in consequence of this a most and in consequence of this a most and in consequence of this a most terrible persecution again terrible persecution again terrible persecution again hung over the jews hung over the jews hung over the jews 13 annan cletus the second bishop of 13 annan cletus the second bishop of 13 annan cletus the second bishop of rome rome rome after vespasian had reigned 10 years after vespasian had reigned 10 years after vespasian had reigned 10 years titus his son titus his son titus his son succeeded him in the second year of his succeeded him in the second year of his succeeded him in the second year of his reign linus reign linus reign linus who had been bishop of the church of who had been bishop of the church of who had been bishop of the church of rome for 12 years rome for 12 years rome for 12 years delivered his office to annancletus but delivered his office to annancletus but delivered his office to annancletus but titus was succeeded by his brother titus was succeeded by his brother titus was succeeded by his brother domitian domitian domitian after he had reigned two years and the after he had reigned two years and the after he had reigned two years and the same number of months chapter 14 abellius the second bishop of chapter 14 abellius the second bishop of alexandria

alexandria alexandria in the fourth year of domitian anianus in the fourth year of domitian anianus in the fourth year of domitian anianus the first bishop of the parish of the first bishop of the parish of the first bishop of the parish of alexandria alexandria alexandria died after holding office 22 years and died after holding office 22 years and died after holding office 22 years and was succeeded by abelius was succeeded by abelius was succeeded by abelius the second bishop chapter 15 clement the third bishop of chapter 15 clement the third bishop of rome rome rome in the twelfth year of the same reign in the twelfth year of the same reign in the twelfth year of the same reign clement succeeded anand cletus clement succeeded anand cletus clement succeeded anand cletus after the latter had been bishop of the after the latter had been bishop of the after the latter had been bishop of the church of rome for 12 years church of rome for 12 years church of rome for 12 years the apostle in his epistle to the the apostle in his epistle to the the apostle in his epistle to the philippians informs us that this clement philippians informs us that this clement philippians informs us that this clement was his fellow worker was his fellow worker was his fellow worker his words are as follows with clement his words are as follows with clement his words are as follows with clement and the rest of my fellow laborers whose and the rest of my fellow laborers whose and the rest of my fellow laborers whose names are in the book of life names are in the book of life names are in the book of life chapter 16 the epistle of clement chapter 16 the epistle of clement chapter 16 the epistle of clement there is extant an epistle of this there is extant an epistle of this there is extant an epistle of this clement which is acknowledged to be clement which is acknowledged to be clement which is acknowledged to be genuine genuine genuine and is of considerable length and of and is of considerable length and of and is of considerable length and of remarkable merit remarkable merit remarkable merit he wrote it in the name of the church of he wrote it in the name of the church of he wrote it in the name of the church of rome to the church of corinth rome to the church of corinth rome to the church of corinth when a sedition had arisen in the latter when a sedition had arisen in the latter when a sedition had arisen in the latter church church church we know that this epistle also has been we know that this epistle also has been we know that this epistle also has been publicly used in a great many churches publicly used in a great many churches publicly used in a great many churches both in former times and both in former times and both in former times and in our own and of the fact that a in our own and of the fact that a in our own and of the fact that a sedition sedition sedition did take place in the church of corinth did take place in the church of corinth did take place in the church of corinth at the time referred to at the time referred to at the time referred to hegesippus is a trustworthy witness chapter 17 the persecution under chapter 17 the persecution under domitian domitian domitian domitian having shown great cruelty domitian having shown great cruelty domitian having shown great cruelty toward many toward many toward many and having unjustly put to death no and having unjustly put to death no and having unjustly put to death no small number of well-born and notable small number of well-born and notable small number of well-born and notable men at rome men at rome men at rome and having without cause exiled and and having without cause exiled and and having without cause exiled and confiscated the property of a great many

confiscated the property of a great many confiscated the property of a great many other illustrious men other illustrious men other illustrious men finally became a successor of nero in finally became a successor of nero in finally became a successor of nero in his hatred and his hatred and his hatred and enmity toward god he was in fact the enmity toward god he was in fact the enmity toward god he was in fact the second that stirred up a persecution second that stirred up a persecution second that stirred up a persecution against us against us against us although his father vespasian had although his father vespasian had although his father vespasian had undertaken nothing prejudicial to us undertaken nothing prejudicial to us undertaken nothing prejudicial to us chapter 18 the apostle john and the chapter 18 the apostle john and the chapter 18 the apostle john and the apocalypse apocalypse apocalypse it is said that in this persecution the it is said that in this persecution the it is said that in this persecution the apostle and evangelist john apostle and evangelist john apostle and evangelist john who was still alive was condemned to who was still alive was condemned to who was still alive was condemned to dwell on the island of patmos dwell on the island of patmos dwell on the island of patmos in consequence of his testimony to the in consequence of his testimony to the in consequence of his testimony to the divine word irenaeus in the fifth book of his work irenaeus in the fifth book of his work against heresies against heresies against heresies where he discusses the number of the where he discusses the number of the where he discusses the number of the name of antichrist which is given in the name of antichrist which is given in the name of antichrist which is given in the so-called apocalypse of john so-called apocalypse of john so-called apocalypse of john speaks as follows concerning him speaks as follows concerning him speaks as follows concerning him if it were necessary for his name to be if it were necessary for his name to be if it were necessary for his name to be proclaimed openly at the present time proclaimed openly at the present time proclaimed openly at the present time it would have been declared by him who it would have been declared by him who it would have been declared by him who saw the revelation saw the revelation saw the revelation for it was seen not long ago but almost for it was seen not long ago but almost for it was seen not long ago but almost in our own generation in our own generation in our own generation at the end of the reign of domitian at the end of the reign of domitian at the end of the reign of domitian to such a degree indeed did the teaching to such a degree indeed did the teaching to such a degree indeed did the teaching of our faith flourish at that time of our faith flourish at that time of our faith flourish at that time that even those writers who were far that even those writers who were far that even those writers who were far from our religion did not hesitate to from our religion did not hesitate to from our religion did not hesitate to mention in their histories mention in their histories mention in their histories the persecution and the martyrdoms which the persecution and the martyrdoms which the persecution and the martyrdoms which took place during it took place during it took place during it and they indeed accurately indicated the and they indeed accurately indicated the and they indeed accurately indicated the time time time for they recorded that in the 15th year for they recorded that in the 15th year for they recorded that in the 15th year of domitian of domitian of domitian flavia domatilla daughter of a sister of

flavia domatilla daughter of a sister of flavia domatilla daughter of a sister of flavius clement flavius clement flavius clement who at that time was one of the consuls who at that time was one of the consuls who at that time was one of the consuls of rome was exiled with many others to of rome was exiled with many others to of rome was exiled with many others to the island of pontia the island of pontia the island of pontia in consequence of testimony born to in consequence of testimony born to in consequence of testimony born to christ christ christ chapter 19 domitian commands the chapter 19 domitian commands the chapter 19 domitian commands the descendants of david to be slain descendants of david to be slain descendants of david to be slain but when this same domitian had but when this same domitian had but when this same domitian had commanded that the descendants of david commanded that the descendants of david commanded that the descendants of david should be slain should be slain should be slain an ancient tradition says that some of an ancient tradition says that some of an ancient tradition says that some of the heretics brought accusation against the heretics brought accusation against the heretics brought accusation against the descendants of jude the descendants of jude the descendants of jude said to have been a brother of the said to have been a brother of the said to have been a brother of the savior according to the flesh savior according to the flesh savior according to the flesh on the ground that they were of the on the ground that they were of the on the ground that they were of the lineage of david and were related to lineage of david and were related to lineage of david and were related to christ himself christ himself christ himself hegesippus relates these facts in the hegesippus relates these facts in the hegesippus relates these facts in the following words chapter 20 the relatives of our savior chapter 20 the relatives of our savior of the family of the lord there were of the family of the lord there were of the family of the lord there were still living the grandchildren of jude still living the grandchildren of jude still living the grandchildren of jude who is said to have been the lord's who is said to have been the lord's who is said to have been the lord's brother according to the flesh brother according to the flesh brother according to the flesh information was given that they belonged information was given that they belonged information was given that they belonged to the family of david to the family of david to the family of david and they were brought to the emperor and they were brought to the emperor and they were brought to the emperor domitian by the evocatus domitian by the evocatus domitian by the evocatus for domitian feared the coming of christ for domitian feared the coming of christ for domitian feared the coming of christ as herod also had feared it as herod also had feared it as herod also had feared it and he asked them if they were and he asked them if they were and he asked them if they were descendants of david and they confessed descendants of david and they confessed descendants of david and they confessed that they were that they were that they were then he asked them how much property then he asked them how much property then he asked them how much property they had or how much money they owned they had or how much money they owned they had or how much money they owned and both of them answered that they had and both of them answered that they had and both of them answered that they had only 9 000 denarii only 9 000 denarii only 9 000 denarii half of which belonged to each of them half of which belonged to each of them half of which belonged to each of them and this property did not consist of and this property did not consist of and this property did not consist of silver but of a piece of land which silver but of a piece of land which silver but of a piece of land which contained only 39 acres

contained only 39 acres contained only 39 acres and from which they raised their taxes and from which they raised their taxes and from which they raised their taxes and supported themselves by their own and supported themselves by their own and supported themselves by their own labor labor labor then they showed their hands exhibiting then they showed their hands exhibiting then they showed their hands exhibiting the hardness of their bodies and the the hardness of their bodies and the the hardness of their bodies and the callousness produced upon their hands callousness produced upon their hands callousness produced upon their hands by continuous toil as evidence of their by continuous toil as evidence of their by continuous toil as evidence of their own labor own labor own labor and when they were asked concerning and when they were asked concerning and when they were asked concerning christ and his kingdom christ and his kingdom christ and his kingdom of what sort it was and where and when of what sort it was and where and when of what sort it was and where and when it was to appear it was to appear it was to appear they answered that it was not a temporal they answered that it was not a temporal they answered that it was not a temporal nor an earthly kingdom nor an earthly kingdom nor an earthly kingdom but a heavenly and angelic one which but a heavenly and angelic one which but a heavenly and angelic one which would appear at the end of the world would appear at the end of the world would appear at the end of the world when he should come in glory to judge when he should come in glory to judge when he should come in glory to judge the quick and the dead the quick and the dead the quick and the dead and to give unto everyone according to and to give unto everyone according to and to give unto everyone according to his works upon hearing this domitian did not pass upon hearing this domitian did not pass judgment against them judgment against them judgment against them but despising them as of no account he but despising them as of no account he but despising them as of no account he let them go let them go let them go and by a decree put a stop to the and by a decree put a stop to the and by a decree put a stop to the persecution of the church persecution of the church persecution of the church but when they were released they ruled but when they were released they ruled but when they were released they ruled the churches because they were witnesses the churches because they were witnesses the churches because they were witnesses and were also relatives of the lord and were also relatives of the lord and were also relatives of the lord and peace being established they lived and peace being established they lived and peace being established they lived until the time of trajan until the time of trajan until the time of trajan these things are related by hegesippus these things are related by hegesippus these things are related by hegesippus tertullian also has mentioned omission tertullian also has mentioned omission tertullian also has mentioned omission in the following words in the following words in the following words domitian also who possessed a share of domitian also who possessed a share of domitian also who possessed a share of nero's cruelty nero's cruelty nero's cruelty attempted once to do the same thing that attempted once to do the same thing that attempted once to do the same thing that the latter did the latter did the latter did but because he had i suppose some but because he had i suppose some but because he had i suppose some intelligence intelligence intelligence he very soon ceased and even recalled he very soon ceased and even recalled he very soon ceased and even recalled those whom he had banished those whom he had banished those whom he had banished but after domitian had reigned 15 years

but after domitian had reigned 15 years but after domitian had reigned 15 years and and and nerva had succeeded to the empire the nerva had succeeded to the empire the nerva had succeeded to the empire the roman senate roman senate roman senate according to the writers that record the according to the writers that record the according to the writers that record the history of those days history of those days history of those days voted that domitian's honors should be voted that domitian's honors should be voted that domitian's honors should be cancelled and that those who had been cancelled and that those who had been cancelled and that those who had been unjustly banished should return to their unjustly banished should return to their unjustly banished should return to their homes homes homes and have their property restored to them and have their property restored to them and have their property restored to them it was at this time that the apostle it was at this time that the apostle it was at this time that the apostle john returned from his banishment in the john returned from his banishment in the john returned from his banishment in the island island island and took up his abode at ephesus and took up his abode at ephesus and took up his abode at ephesus according to an ancient christian according to an ancient christian according to an ancient christian tradition chapter 21 cerdan becomes the third chapter 21 cerdan becomes the third ruler of the church of alexandria ruler of the church of alexandria ruler of the church of alexandria after nerva had reigned a little more after nerva had reigned a little more after nerva had reigned a little more than a year he was succeeded by trajan than a year he was succeeded by trajan than a year he was succeeded by trajan it was during the first year of his it was during the first year of his it was during the first year of his reign that abelius who had ruled the reign that abelius who had ruled the reign that abelius who had ruled the church of alexandria for 13 years church of alexandria for 13 years church of alexandria for 13 years was succeeded by serdon he was the third was succeeded by serdon he was the third was succeeded by serdon he was the third that presided over that church after that presided over that church after that presided over that church after anianis anianis anianis who was the first at that time clement who was the first at that time clement who was the first at that time clement still ruled the church of rome still ruled the church of rome still ruled the church of rome being also the third that held the being also the third that held the being also the third that held the episcopate there after paul and peter episcopate there after paul and peter episcopate there after paul and peter linus was the first and after him came linus was the first and after him came linus was the first and after him came anon cletus book 3 part 3 of eusebius church history book 3 part 3 of eusebius church history this is a librivox recording all this is a librivox recording all this is a librivox recording all librivox recordings are in the public librivox recordings are in the public librivox recordings are in the public domain domain domain for more information or to volunteer

for more information or to volunteer for more information or to volunteer please visit please visit please visit librivox.org recording by david leeson librivox.org recording by david leeson librivox.org recording by david leeson church history by eusebius of caesarea church history by eusebius of caesarea church history by eusebius of caesarea translated by arthur cushman mcgifford translated by arthur cushman mcgifford translated by arthur cushman mcgifford book 3 part 3 chapters 22-29 book 3 part 3 chapters 22-29 book 3 part 3 chapters 22-29 chapter 22 ignatius the second bishop of chapter 22 ignatius the second bishop of chapter 22 ignatius the second bishop of antioch antioch antioch at this time ignatius was known as the at this time ignatius was known as the at this time ignatius was known as the second bishop of antioch second bishop of antioch second bishop of antioch evodius having been the first simeon evodius having been the first simeon evodius having been the first simeon likewise was at that time the second likewise was at that time the second likewise was at that time the second ruler of the church of jerusalem ruler of the church of jerusalem ruler of the church of jerusalem the brother of our savior having been the brother of our savior having been the brother of our savior having been the first chapter 23 narrative concerning john the chapter 23 narrative concerning john the apostle apostle apostle at that time the apostle and evangelist at that time the apostle and evangelist at that time the apostle and evangelist john the one whom jesus loved john the one whom jesus loved john the one whom jesus loved was still living in asia and governing was still living in asia and governing was still living in asia and governing the churches of that region the churches of that region the churches of that region having returned after the death of having returned after the death of having returned after the death of domitian from his exile on the island domitian from his exile on the island domitian from his exile on the island and that he was still alive at that time and that he was still alive at that time and that he was still alive at that time may be established by the testimony of may be established by the testimony of may be established by the testimony of two witnesses two witnesses two witnesses they should be trustworthy who have they should be trustworthy who have they should be trustworthy who have maintained the orthodoxy of the church maintained the orthodoxy of the church maintained the orthodoxy of the church and such indeed were ironeas and clement and such indeed were ironeas and clement and such indeed were ironeas and clement of alexandria of alexandria of alexandria the former in the second book of his the former in the second book of his the former in the second book of his work against heresies work against heresies work against heresies writes as follows and all the elders writes as follows and all the elders writes as follows and all the elders that associated with john the disciple that associated with john the disciple that associated with john the disciple of the lord in asia of the lord in asia of the lord in asia bear witness that john delivered it to bear witness that john delivered it to bear witness that john delivered it to them for he remained among them

them for he remained among them them for he remained among them until the time of trajan and in the third book of the same work and in the third book of the same work he attests the same thing in the he attests the same thing in the he attests the same thing in the following words following words following words but the church in ephesus also which was but the church in ephesus also which was but the church in ephesus also which was founded by paul founded by paul founded by paul and where john remained until the time and where john remained until the time and where john remained until the time of trajan is a faithful witness of the of trajan is a faithful witness of the of trajan is a faithful witness of the apostolic tradition apostolic tradition apostolic tradition clement likewise in his book entitled clement likewise in his book entitled clement likewise in his book entitled what rich man can be saved what rich man can be saved what rich man can be saved indicates the time and subjoins a indicates the time and subjoins a indicates the time and subjoins a narrative which is most attractive to narrative which is most attractive to narrative which is most attractive to those that enjoy hearing what is those that enjoy hearing what is those that enjoy hearing what is beautiful and profitable beautiful and profitable beautiful and profitable take and read the account which runs as take and read the account which runs as take and read the account which runs as follows follows follows listen to a tale which is not a mere listen to a tale which is not a mere listen to a tale which is not a mere tale tale tale but a narrative concerning john the but a narrative concerning john the but a narrative concerning john the apostle which has been handed down apostle which has been handed down apostle which has been handed down and treasured up in memory for when and treasured up in memory for when and treasured up in memory for when after the tyrant's death after the tyrant's death after the tyrant's death he returned from the isle of patmos to he returned from the isle of patmos to he returned from the isle of patmos to ephesus ephesus ephesus he went away upon their invitation to he went away upon their invitation to he went away upon their invitation to the neighboring territories of the the neighboring territories of the the neighboring territories of the gentiles gentiles gentiles to appoint bishops in some places in to appoint bishops in some places in to appoint bishops in some places in other places to set in order other places to set in order other places to set in order whole churches elsewhere to choose to whole churches elsewhere to choose to whole churches elsewhere to choose to the ministry some one of those that were the ministry some one of those that were the ministry some one of those that were pointed out by the spirit pointed out by the spirit pointed out by the spirit when he had come to one of the cities when he had come to one of the cities when he had come to one of the cities not far away not far away not far away the name of which is given by some and the name of which is given by some and the name of which is given by some and had consoled the brethren in other had consoled the brethren in other had consoled the brethren in other matters matters matters he finally turned to the bishop that had he finally turned to the bishop that had he finally turned to the bishop that had been appointed been appointed been appointed and seeing a youth of powerful physique and seeing a youth of powerful physique and seeing a youth of powerful physique of pleasing appearance of pleasing appearance of pleasing appearance and of ardent temperament he said this and of ardent temperament he said this and of ardent temperament he said this one i commit to thee one i commit to thee one i commit to thee in all earnestness in the presence of in all earnestness in the presence of in all earnestness in the presence of the church and with christ as witness

the church and with christ as witness the church and with christ as witness and when the bishop had accepted the and when the bishop had accepted the and when the bishop had accepted the charge and had promised all charge and had promised all charge and had promised all he repeated the same injunction with an he repeated the same injunction with an he repeated the same injunction with an appeal to the same witnesses appeal to the same witnesses appeal to the same witnesses and then departed for ephesus but the presbyter taking home the youth but the presbyter taking home the youth committed to him committed to him committed to him reared kept cherished and finally reared kept cherished and finally reared kept cherished and finally baptized him baptized him baptized him after this he relaxed his stricter care after this he relaxed his stricter care after this he relaxed his stricter care and watchfulness and watchfulness and watchfulness with the idea that in putting upon him with the idea that in putting upon him with the idea that in putting upon him the seal of the lord he had given him a the seal of the lord he had given him a the seal of the lord he had given him a perfect protection perfect protection perfect protection but some youths of his own age idol and but some youths of his own age idol and but some youths of his own age idol and dissolute dissolute dissolute and accustomed to evil practices and accustomed to evil practices and accustomed to evil practices corrupted him when he was thus corrupted him when he was thus corrupted him when he was thus prematurely freed from restraint prematurely freed from restraint prematurely freed from restraint at first they enticed him by costly at first they enticed him by costly at first they enticed him by costly entertainments entertainments entertainments then when they went forth at night for then when they went forth at night for then when they went forth at night for robbery they took him with them robbery they took him with them robbery they took him with them and finally they demanded that he should and finally they demanded that he should and finally they demanded that he should unite with them in some greater crime unite with them in some greater crime unite with them in some greater crime he gradually became accustomed to such he gradually became accustomed to such he gradually became accustomed to such practices practices practices and on account of the positiveness of and on account of the positiveness of and on account of the positiveness of his character leaving the right path his character leaving the right path his character leaving the right path and taking the bit in his teeth like a and taking the bit in his teeth like a and taking the bit in his teeth like a hard-mouthed and powerful horse hard-mouthed and powerful horse hard-mouthed and powerful horse he rushed the more violently down into he rushed the more violently down into he rushed the more violently down into the depths the depths the depths and finally despairing of salvation in and finally despairing of salvation in and finally despairing of salvation in god he no longer meditated what was god he no longer meditated what was god he no longer meditated what was insignificant insignificant insignificant but having committed some great crime but having committed some great crime but having committed some great crime since he was now lost once for all since he was now lost once for all since he was now lost once for all he expected to suffer a like fate with he expected to suffer a like fate with he expected to suffer a like fate with the rest the rest the rest taking them therefore and forming a band taking them therefore and forming a band taking them therefore and forming a band of robbers of robbers of robbers he became a bold bandit chief the most he became a bold bandit chief the most he became a bold bandit chief the most violent most bloody most cruel of them

violent most bloody most cruel of them violent most bloody most cruel of them all all all time passed and some necessity having time passed and some necessity having time passed and some necessity having arisen they sent for john arisen they sent for john arisen they sent for john but he when he had set in order the but he when he had set in order the but he when he had set in order the other matters on account of which he had other matters on account of which he had other matters on account of which he had come come come said come o bishop restore us the said come o bishop restore us the said come o bishop restore us the deposit which both i deposit which both i deposit which both i and christ committed to thee the church and christ committed to thee the church and christ committed to thee the church over which thou president being witness over which thou president being witness over which thou president being witness but the bishop was at first confounded but the bishop was at first confounded but the bishop was at first confounded thinking that he was falsely charged in thinking that he was falsely charged in thinking that he was falsely charged in regard to money which he had not regard to money which he had not regard to money which he had not received received received and he could neither believe the and he could neither believe the and he could neither believe the accusation respecting what he had not accusation respecting what he had not accusation respecting what he had not nor could he disbelieve john but when he nor could he disbelieve john but when he nor could he disbelieve john but when he said said said i demand the young man and the soul of i demand the young man and the soul of i demand the young man and the soul of the brother the brother the brother the old man groaning deeply and at the the old man groaning deeply and at the the old man groaning deeply and at the same time bursting into tears same time bursting into tears same time bursting into tears said he is dead how and what kind of said he is dead how and what kind of said he is dead how and what kind of death death death he is dead to god he said for he turned he is dead to god he said for he turned he is dead to god he said for he turned wicked and abandoned wicked and abandoned wicked and abandoned and at last a robber and now instead of and at last a robber and now instead of and at last a robber and now instead of the church the church the church he haunts the mountain with a band like he haunts the mountain with a band like he haunts the mountain with a band like himself but the apostle rent his clothes and but the apostle rent his clothes and beating his head with great lamentation beating his head with great lamentation beating his head with great lamentation he said he said he said a fine guard i left for a brother's soul a fine guard i left for a brother's soul a fine guard i left for a brother's soul but let a horse be brought me and let but let a horse be brought me and let but let a horse be brought me and let someone show me the way someone show me the way someone show me the way he rode away from the church just as he he rode away from the church just as he he rode away from the church just as he was and coming to the place he was taken was and coming to the place he was taken was and coming to the place he was taken prisoner by the robber's outpost prisoner by the robber's outpost prisoner by the robber's outpost he however neither fled nor made he however neither fled nor made he however neither fled nor made entreaty but cried out entreaty but cried out entreaty but cried out for this did i come lead me to your for this did i come lead me to your for this did i come lead me to your captain captain captain the latter meanwhile was waiting armed

the latter meanwhile was waiting armed the latter meanwhile was waiting armed as he was as he was as he was but when he recognized john approaching but when he recognized john approaching but when he recognized john approaching he turned in shame to flee but john forgetting his age pursued him but john forgetting his age pursued him with all his might crying out with all his might crying out with all his might crying out why my son dost thou flee from me thine why my son dost thou flee from me thine why my son dost thou flee from me thine own own own father unarmed aged pity me my son father unarmed aged pity me my son father unarmed aged pity me my son fear not now hast still hope of life fear not now hast still hope of life fear not now hast still hope of life i will give account to christ for thee i will give account to christ for thee i will give account to christ for thee if need be i will willingly endure thy if need be i will willingly endure thy if need be i will willingly endure thy death as the lord suffered death for us death as the lord suffered death for us death as the lord suffered death for us for thee will i give up my life for thee will i give up my life for thee will i give up my life stand believe christ hath sent me stand believe christ hath sent me stand believe christ hath sent me and he when he heard first stopped and and he when he heard first stopped and and he when he heard first stopped and looked down looked down looked down then he threw away his arms and then then he threw away his arms and then then he threw away his arms and then trembled and wept bitterly trembled and wept bitterly trembled and wept bitterly and when the old man approached he and when the old man approached he and when the old man approached he embraced him making confession with embraced him making confession with embraced him making confession with lamentations as he was able lamentations as he was able lamentations as he was able baptizing himself a second time with baptizing himself a second time with baptizing himself a second time with tears and concealing only his right hand but john pledging himself and assuring but john pledging himself and assuring him on oath that he would find him on oath that he would find him on oath that he would find forgiveness with the savior forgiveness with the savior forgiveness with the savior besought him fell upon his knees kissed besought him fell upon his knees kissed besought him fell upon his knees kissed his right hand itself as if now purified his right hand itself as if now purified his right hand itself as if now purified by repentance by repentance by repentance and led him back to the church and and led him back to the church and and led him back to the church and making intercession for him with copious making intercession for him with copious making intercession for him with copious prayers prayers prayers and struggling together with him in and struggling together with him in and struggling together with him in continual fastings continual fastings continual fastings and subduing his mind by various and subduing his mind by various and subduing his mind by various utterances utterances utterances he did not depart as they say until he he did not depart as they say until he he did not depart as they say until he had restored him to the church had restored him to the church had restored him to the church furnishing a great example of true

furnishing a great example of true furnishing a great example of true repentance and a great proof of repentance and a great proof of repentance and a great proof of regeneration regeneration regeneration a trophy of a visible resurrection a trophy of a visible resurrection a trophy of a visible resurrection chapter 24 the order of the gospels chapter 24 the order of the gospels chapter 24 the order of the gospels this extract from clement i have this extract from clement i have this extract from clement i have inserted here for the sake of the inserted here for the sake of the inserted here for the sake of the history history history and for the benefit of my readers let us and for the benefit of my readers let us and for the benefit of my readers let us now point out the undisputed writings of now point out the undisputed writings of now point out the undisputed writings of this apostle this apostle this apostle and in the first place his gospel which and in the first place his gospel which and in the first place his gospel which is known to all the churches under is known to all the churches under is known to all the churches under heaven heaven heaven must be acknowledged as genuine that it must be acknowledged as genuine that it must be acknowledged as genuine that it has with good reason been put by the has with good reason been put by the has with good reason been put by the ancients in the fourth place ancients in the fourth place ancients in the fourth place after the other three gospels may be after the other three gospels may be after the other three gospels may be made evident in the following way made evident in the following way made evident in the following way those great and truly divine men i mean those great and truly divine men i mean those great and truly divine men i mean the apostles of christ the apostles of christ the apostles of christ were purified in their life and were were purified in their life and were were purified in their life and were adorned with every virtue of the soul adorned with every virtue of the soul adorned with every virtue of the soul but were uncultivated in speech they but were uncultivated in speech they but were uncultivated in speech they were confident indeed in their trust in were confident indeed in their trust in were confident indeed in their trust in the divine and wonder working power the divine and wonder working power the divine and wonder working power which was granted unto them by the which was granted unto them by the which was granted unto them by the savior savior savior but they did not know how nor did they but they did not know how nor did they but they did not know how nor did they attempt to proclaim the doctrines of attempt to proclaim the doctrines of attempt to proclaim the doctrines of their teacher in studied and artistic their teacher in studied and artistic their teacher in studied and artistic language language language but employing only the demonstration of but employing only the demonstration of but employing only the demonstration of the divine spirit the divine spirit the divine spirit which worked with them and the wonder which worked with them and the wonder which worked with them and the wonder working power of christ working power of christ working power of christ which was displayed through them they which was displayed through them they which was displayed through them they published the knowledge of the kingdom published the knowledge of the kingdom published the knowledge of the kingdom of heaven throughout the whole of heaven throughout the whole of heaven throughout the whole world paying little attention to the world paying little attention to the world paying little attention to the composition of written works composition of written works composition of written works and this they did because they were and this they did because they were and this they did because they were assisted in their ministry by one assisted in their ministry by one assisted in their ministry by one greater than greater than greater than man paul for instance who surpassed them

man paul for instance who surpassed them man paul for instance who surpassed them all all all in vigor of expression and in richness in vigor of expression and in richness in vigor of expression and in richness of thought of thought of thought committed to writing no more than the committed to writing no more than the committed to writing no more than the briefest epistles briefest epistles briefest epistles although he had innumerable mysterious although he had innumerable mysterious although he had innumerable mysterious matters to communicate matters to communicate matters to communicate for he had attained even unto the sites for he had attained even unto the sites for he had attained even unto the sites of the third heaven of the third heaven of the third heaven had been carried to the very paradise of had been carried to the very paradise of had been carried to the very paradise of god and had been deemed worthy to hear god and had been deemed worthy to hear god and had been deemed worthy to hear unspeakable utterances there unspeakable utterances there unspeakable utterances there and the rest of the followers of our and the rest of the followers of our and the rest of the followers of our savior the twelve apostles the seventy savior the twelve apostles the seventy savior the twelve apostles the seventy disciples disciples disciples and countless others besides were not and countless others besides were not and countless others besides were not ignorant of these things ignorant of these things ignorant of these things nevertheless of all the disciples of the nevertheless of all the disciples of the nevertheless of all the disciples of the lord only matthew and john have left us lord only matthew and john have left us lord only matthew and john have left us written memorials written memorials written memorials and they tradition says were led to and they tradition says were led to and they tradition says were led to right only under the pressure of right only under the pressure of right only under the pressure of necessity necessity necessity for matthew who had at first preached to for matthew who had at first preached to for matthew who had at first preached to the hebrews the hebrews the hebrews when he was about to go to other peoples when he was about to go to other peoples when he was about to go to other peoples committed his gospel to writing in his committed his gospel to writing in his committed his gospel to writing in his native tongue native tongue native tongue and thus compensated those whom he was and thus compensated those whom he was and thus compensated those whom he was obliged to leave for the loss of his obliged to leave for the loss of his obliged to leave for the loss of his presence presence presence and when mark and luke had already and when mark and luke had already and when mark and luke had already published their gospels published their gospels published their gospels they say that john who had employed all they say that john who had employed all they say that john who had employed all his time in proclaiming the gospel his time in proclaiming the gospel his time in proclaiming the gospel orally orally orally finally proceeded to write for the finally proceeded to write for the finally proceeded to write for the following reason following reason following reason the three gospels already mentioned the three gospels already mentioned the three gospels already mentioned having come into the hands of all having come into the hands of all having come into the hands of all and into his own two they say he and into his own two they say he and into his own two they say he accepted them and bore witness to their accepted them and bore witness to their accepted them and bore witness to their truthfulness truthfulness truthfulness but that there was lacking in them on but that there was lacking in them on but that there was lacking in them on account of the deeds done by christ at account of the deeds done by christ at account of the deeds done by christ at the beginning of his ministry the beginning of his ministry the beginning of his ministry and this indeed is true for it is and this indeed is true for it is and this indeed is true for it is evident

evident evident that the three evangelists recorded only that the three evangelists recorded only that the three evangelists recorded only the deeds done by the savior for one the deeds done by the savior for one the deeds done by the savior for one year after the imprisonment of john the year after the imprisonment of john the year after the imprisonment of john the baptist baptist baptist and indicated this in the beginning of and indicated this in the beginning of and indicated this in the beginning of their account their account their account for matthew after the 40 days fast and for matthew after the 40 days fast and for matthew after the 40 days fast and the temptation which followed it the temptation which followed it the temptation which followed it indicates the chronology of his work indicates the chronology of his work indicates the chronology of his work when he says when he says when he says now when he heard that john was now when he heard that john was now when he heard that john was delivered up he withdrew from judea into delivered up he withdrew from judea into delivered up he withdrew from judea into galilee mark likewise says now after that john mark likewise says now after that john was delivered up was delivered up was delivered up jesus came into galilee and luke jesus came into galilee and luke jesus came into galilee and luke before commencing his account of the before commencing his account of the before commencing his account of the deeds of jesus deeds of jesus deeds of jesus similarly marks the time when he says similarly marks the time when he says similarly marks the time when he says that herod that herod that herod adding to all the evil deeds which he adding to all the evil deeds which he adding to all the evil deeds which he had done shut up john had done shut up john had done shut up john in prison they say therefore that the in prison they say therefore that the in prison they say therefore that the apostle apostle apostle john being asked to do it for this john being asked to do it for this john being asked to do it for this reason gave in his gospel an account of reason gave in his gospel an account of reason gave in his gospel an account of the period which had been omitted by the the period which had been omitted by the the period which had been omitted by the earlier evangelists earlier evangelists earlier evangelists and of the deeds done by the savior and of the deeds done by the savior and of the deeds done by the savior during that period during that period during that period that is of those which were done before that is of those which were done before that is of those which were done before the imprisonment of the baptist the imprisonment of the baptist the imprisonment of the baptist and this is indicated by him they say in and this is indicated by him they say in and this is indicated by him they say in the following words the following words the following words this beginning of miracles did jesus this beginning of miracles did jesus this beginning of miracles did jesus and again when he refers to the baptist and again when he refers to the baptist and again when he refers to the baptist in the midst of the deeds of jesus in the midst of the deeds of jesus in the midst of the deeds of jesus as still baptizing in enon near saleem as still baptizing in enon near saleem as still baptizing in enon near saleem when he states the matter clearly in the when he states the matter clearly in the when he states the matter clearly in the words for john was not yet cast into words for john was not yet cast into words for john was not yet cast into prison prison prison john accordingly in his gospel records john accordingly in his gospel records john accordingly in his gospel records the deeds of christ which were performed

the deeds of christ which were performed the deeds of christ which were performed before the baptist before the baptist before the baptist was cast into prison but the other three was cast into prison but the other three was cast into prison but the other three evangelists mentioned the events which evangelists mentioned the events which evangelists mentioned the events which happened after that time happened after that time happened after that time one who understands this can no longer one who understands this can no longer one who understands this can no longer think that the gospels are at variance think that the gospels are at variance think that the gospels are at variance with one another with one another with one another in as much as the gospel according to in as much as the gospel according to in as much as the gospel according to john contains the first acts of christ john contains the first acts of christ john contains the first acts of christ while the others give an account of the while the others give an account of the while the others give an account of the latter part of his life latter part of his life latter part of his life and the genealogy of our savior and the genealogy of our savior and the genealogy of our savior according to the flesh john quite according to the flesh john quite according to the flesh john quite naturally omitted naturally omitted naturally omitted because it had been already given by because it had been already given by because it had been already given by matthew and luke matthew and luke matthew and luke and began with the doctrine of his and began with the doctrine of his and began with the doctrine of his divinity which had as it were divinity which had as it were divinity which had as it were been reserved for him as their superior been reserved for him as their superior been reserved for him as their superior by the divine spirit these things may suffice which we have these things may suffice which we have said concerning the gospel of john said concerning the gospel of john said concerning the gospel of john the cause which led to the composition the cause which led to the composition the cause which led to the composition of the gospel of mark of the gospel of mark of the gospel of mark has been already stated by us has been already stated by us has been already stated by us but as for luke in the beginning of his but as for luke in the beginning of his but as for luke in the beginning of his gospel gospel gospel he states himself the reasons which led he states himself the reasons which led he states himself the reasons which led him to write it him to write it him to write it he states that since many others had he states that since many others had he states that since many others had more rashly undertaken to compose a more rashly undertaken to compose a more rashly undertaken to compose a narrative of the events narrative of the events narrative of the events of which he had acquired perfect of which he had acquired perfect of which he had acquired perfect knowledge he himself knowledge he himself knowledge he himself feeling the necessity of freeing us from feeling the necessity of freeing us from feeling the necessity of freeing us from their uncertain questions their uncertain questions their uncertain questions delivered in his own gospel an accurate delivered in his own gospel an accurate delivered in his own gospel an accurate account of those events account of those events account of those events in regard to which he had learned the in regard to which he had learned the in regard to which he had learned the full truth being aided by his intimacy full truth being aided by his intimacy full truth being aided by his intimacy and his stay with paul and his stay with paul and his stay with paul and by his acquaintance with the rest of and by his acquaintance with the rest of and by his acquaintance with the rest of the apostles the apostles the apostles so much for our own account of these so much for our own account of these so much for our own account of these things but in a more fitting place we

things but in a more fitting place we things but in a more fitting place we shall attempt to show by shall attempt to show by shall attempt to show by quotations from the ancients what others quotations from the ancients what others quotations from the ancients what others have said concerning them have said concerning them have said concerning them but of the writings of john not only his but of the writings of john not only his but of the writings of john not only his gospel gospel gospel but also the former of his epistles has but also the former of his epistles has but also the former of his epistles has been accepted without dispute both now been accepted without dispute both now been accepted without dispute both now and in ancient times and in ancient times and in ancient times but the other two are disputed but the other two are disputed but the other two are disputed in regard to the apocalypse the opinions in regard to the apocalypse the opinions in regard to the apocalypse the opinions of most men are still of most men are still of most men are still divided but at the proper time this divided but at the proper time this divided but at the proper time this question likewise shall be decided from question likewise shall be decided from question likewise shall be decided from the testimony of the ancients the testimony of the ancients the testimony of the ancients chapter 25 the divine scriptures that chapter 25 the divine scriptures that chapter 25 the divine scriptures that are accepted are accepted are accepted and those that are not since we are and those that are not since we are and those that are not since we are dealing with this subject it is proper dealing with this subject it is proper dealing with this subject it is proper to sum up the writings of the new to sum up the writings of the new to sum up the writings of the new testament which have been already testament which have been already testament which have been already mentioned mentioned mentioned first then must be put the holy first then must be put the holy first then must be put the holy quaternion of the gospels quaternion of the gospels quaternion of the gospels following them with the acts of the following them with the acts of the following them with the acts of the apostles apostles apostles after this must be reckoned the epistles after this must be reckoned the epistles after this must be reckoned the epistles of paul of paul of paul next in order the extant former epistle next in order the extant former epistle next in order the extant former epistle of john of john of john and likewise the epistle of peter must and likewise the epistle of peter must and likewise the epistle of peter must be maintained be maintained be maintained after them is to be placed if it really after them is to be placed if it really after them is to be placed if it really seemed proper seemed proper seemed proper the apocalypse of john concerning which the apocalypse of john concerning which the apocalypse of john concerning which we shall give the different opinions at we shall give the different opinions at we shall give the different opinions at the proper time the proper time the proper time these then belong among the accepted these then belong among the accepted these then belong among the accepted writings writings writings among the disputed writings which are among the disputed writings which are among the disputed writings which are nevertheless recognized by many nevertheless recognized by many nevertheless recognized by many are extant the so-called epistle of are extant the so-called epistle of are extant the so-called epistle of james and that of jude james and that of jude james and that of jude also the second epistle of peter and also the second epistle of peter and also the second epistle of peter and those that are called the second and

those that are called the second and those that are called the second and third of john third of john third of john whether they belong to the evangelist or whether they belong to the evangelist or whether they belong to the evangelist or to another person of the same name to another person of the same name to another person of the same name among the rejected writings must be among the rejected writings must be among the rejected writings must be reckoned also the acts of reckoned also the acts of reckoned also the acts of paul and the so-called shepherd and the paul and the so-called shepherd and the paul and the so-called shepherd and the apocalypse of peter apocalypse of peter apocalypse of peter and in addition to these the extant and in addition to these the extant and in addition to these the extant epistle of barnabas epistle of barnabas epistle of barnabas and the so-called teachings of the and the so-called teachings of the and the so-called teachings of the apostles and besides as i said apostles and besides as i said apostles and besides as i said the apocalypse of john if it seemed the apocalypse of john if it seemed the apocalypse of john if it seemed proper which some as i said reject proper which some as i said reject proper which some as i said reject but which others clash with the accepted but which others clash with the accepted but which others clash with the accepted books books books and among these some have placed also and among these some have placed also and among these some have placed also the gospel according to the hebrews the gospel according to the hebrews the gospel according to the hebrews with which those of the hebrews that with which those of the hebrews that with which those of the hebrews that have accepted christ are especially have accepted christ are especially have accepted christ are especially delighted delighted delighted and all these may be reckoned among the and all these may be reckoned among the and all these may be reckoned among the disputed books disputed books disputed books but we have nevertheless felt compelled but we have nevertheless felt compelled but we have nevertheless felt compelled to give a catalogue of these also to give a catalogue of these also to give a catalogue of these also distinguishing those works which distinguishing those works which distinguishing those works which according to ecclesiastical tradition according to ecclesiastical tradition according to ecclesiastical tradition are true and genuine and commonly are true and genuine and commonly are true and genuine and commonly accepted accepted accepted from those others which although not from those others which although not from those others which although not canonical but disputed canonical but disputed canonical but disputed are yet at the same time known to most are yet at the same time known to most are yet at the same time known to most ecclesiastical writers ecclesiastical writers ecclesiastical writers we have felt compelled to give this we have felt compelled to give this we have felt compelled to give this catalogue in order that we might be able catalogue in order that we might be able catalogue in order that we might be able to know both these works to know both these works to know both these works and those that are cited by the heretics and those that are cited by the heretics and those that are cited by the heretics under the name of the apostles under the name of the apostles under the name of the apostles including for instance such books as the including for instance such books as the including for instance such books as the gospels of peter gospels of peter gospels of peter of thomas of matthias or of any others of thomas of matthias or of any others of thomas of matthias or of any others besides them besides them besides them and the acts of andrew and john and the and the acts of andrew and john and the and the acts of andrew and john and the other apostles other apostles other apostles which no one belonging to the succession

which no one belonging to the succession which no one belonging to the succession of ecclesiastical writers has deemed of ecclesiastical writers has deemed of ecclesiastical writers has deemed worthy of mention worthy of mention worthy of mention in his writings and in his writings and in his writings and further the character of the style is at further the character of the style is at further the character of the style is at variance with apostolic usage variance with apostolic usage variance with apostolic usage and both the thoughts and the purpose of and both the thoughts and the purpose of and both the thoughts and the purpose of the things that are related in them are the things that are related in them are the things that are related in them are so completely out of accord with true so completely out of accord with true so completely out of accord with true orthodoxy orthodoxy orthodoxy that they clearly show themselves to be that they clearly show themselves to be that they clearly show themselves to be the fictions of heretics the fictions of heretics the fictions of heretics wherefore they are not to be placed even wherefore they are not to be placed even wherefore they are not to be placed even among the rejected writings among the rejected writings among the rejected writings but are all of them to be cast aside as but are all of them to be cast aside as but are all of them to be cast aside as absurd absurd absurd and impious let us now proceed with our and impious let us now proceed with our and impious let us now proceed with our history chapter 26 menander the sorcerer chapter 26 menander the sorcerer menander who succeeded simon magus menander who succeeded simon magus menander who succeeded simon magus showed himself in his conduct another showed himself in his conduct another showed himself in his conduct another instrument of diabolical power instrument of diabolical power instrument of diabolical power not inferior to the former he also was a not inferior to the former he also was a not inferior to the former he also was a samaritan samaritan samaritan and carried his sorceries to no less an and carried his sorceries to no less an and carried his sorceries to no less an extent than his teacher had done extent than his teacher had done extent than his teacher had done and at the same time reveled in still and at the same time reveled in still and at the same time reveled in still more marvelous tales than he more marvelous tales than he more marvelous tales than he for he said that he was himself the for he said that he was himself the for he said that he was himself the savior who had been sent down savior who had been sent down savior who had been sent down from invisible eons for the salvation of from invisible eons for the salvation of from invisible eons for the salvation of men men men and he taught that no one could gain the and he taught that no one could gain the and he taught that no one could gain the mastery over the world creating angels mastery over the world creating angels mastery over the world creating angels themselves themselves themselves unless he had first gone through the unless he had first gone through the unless he had first gone through the magical discipline imparted by him magical discipline imparted by him magical discipline imparted by him and had received baptism from him those and had received baptism from him those and had received baptism from him those who were deemed worthy of this would who were deemed worthy of this would who were deemed worthy of this would partake even in the present life of partake even in the present life of partake even in the present life of perpetual immortality perpetual immortality perpetual immortality and would never die but would remain and would never die but would remain and would never die but would remain here forever here forever here forever and without growing old become immortal

and without growing old become immortal and without growing old become immortal these facts can be easily learned from these facts can be easily learned from these facts can be easily learned from the works of irenaeus the works of irenaeus the works of irenaeus and justin in the passage in which he and justin in the passage in which he and justin in the passage in which he mentions simon mentions simon mentions simon gives an account of this man also in the gives an account of this man also in the gives an account of this man also in the following words following words following words and we know that a certain menander who and we know that a certain menander who and we know that a certain menander who was also a samaritan from the village of was also a samaritan from the village of was also a samaritan from the village of caparatea caparatea caparatea was a disciple of simon and that he also was a disciple of simon and that he also was a disciple of simon and that he also being driven by the demons came to being driven by the demons came to being driven by the demons came to antioch and deceived many by his magical antioch and deceived many by his magical antioch and deceived many by his magical art art art and he persuaded his followers that they and he persuaded his followers that they and he persuaded his followers that they should not die should not die should not die and there are still some of them that and there are still some of them that and there are still some of them that assert this assert this assert this and it was indeed an artifice of the and it was indeed an artifice of the and it was indeed an artifice of the devil to endeavor devil to endeavor devil to endeavor by means of such sorcerers who assumed by means of such sorcerers who assumed by means of such sorcerers who assumed the name of christians the name of christians the name of christians to defame the great mystery of godliness to defame the great mystery of godliness to defame the great mystery of godliness by magic art by magic art by magic art and through them to make ridiculous the and through them to make ridiculous the and through them to make ridiculous the doctrines of the church concerning the doctrines of the church concerning the doctrines of the church concerning the immortality of the soul immortality of the soul immortality of the soul and the resurrection of the dead but and the resurrection of the dead but and the resurrection of the dead but they that have chosen these men as their they that have chosen these men as their they that have chosen these men as their saviors have fallen away from the true saviors have fallen away from the true saviors have fallen away from the true hope hope hope chapter 27 the heresy of the ebionites chapter 27 the heresy of the ebionites chapter 27 the heresy of the ebionites the evil demon however being unable to the evil demon however being unable to the evil demon however being unable to tear certain tear certain tear certain others from their allegiance to the others from their allegiance to the others from their allegiance to the christ of god yet found them susceptible christ of god yet found them susceptible christ of god yet found them susceptible in a different direction in a different direction in a different direction and so brought them over to his own and so brought them over to his own and so brought them over to his own purposes purposes purposes the ancients quite properly called these the ancients quite properly called these the ancients quite properly called these men ebionites men ebionites men ebionites because they held poor and mean opinions because they held poor and mean opinions because they held poor and mean opinions concerning christ concerning christ concerning christ for they considered him a plain and for they considered him a plain and for they considered him a plain and common man common man common man who was justified only because of his who was justified only because of his who was justified only because of his superior virtue

superior virtue superior virtue and who was the fruit of the intercourse and who was the fruit of the intercourse and who was the fruit of the intercourse of a man with mary of a man with mary of a man with mary in their opinion the observance of the in their opinion the observance of the in their opinion the observance of the ceremonial law was altogether necessary ceremonial law was altogether necessary ceremonial law was altogether necessary on the ground that they could not be on the ground that they could not be on the ground that they could not be saved by faith in christ alone and by a saved by faith in christ alone and by a saved by faith in christ alone and by a corresponding life there were others however besides them there were others however besides them that were of the same name that were of the same name that were of the same name but avoided the strange and absurd but avoided the strange and absurd but avoided the strange and absurd beliefs of the former beliefs of the former beliefs of the former and did not deny that the lord was born and did not deny that the lord was born and did not deny that the lord was born of a virgin and of the holy spirit of a virgin and of the holy spirit of a virgin and of the holy spirit but nevertheless inasmuch as they also but nevertheless inasmuch as they also but nevertheless inasmuch as they also refused to acknowledge that he refused to acknowledge that he refused to acknowledge that he pre-existed pre-existed pre-existed being god word and wisdom they turned being god word and wisdom they turned being god word and wisdom they turned aside into the impiety of the former aside into the impiety of the former aside into the impiety of the former especially when they like them especially when they like them especially when they like them endeavored to observe strictly the endeavored to observe strictly the endeavored to observe strictly the bodily worship of the law bodily worship of the law bodily worship of the law these men moreover thought that it was these men moreover thought that it was these men moreover thought that it was necessary to reject all the epistles of necessary to reject all the epistles of necessary to reject all the epistles of the apostle the apostle the apostle whom they called an apostate from the whom they called an apostate from the whom they called an apostate from the law and they used only the so-called law and they used only the so-called law and they used only the so-called gospel according to the hebrews and made gospel according to the hebrews and made gospel according to the hebrews and made small account of the rest small account of the rest small account of the rest the sabbath and the rest of the the sabbath and the rest of the the sabbath and the rest of the discipline of the jews they observed discipline of the jews they observed discipline of the jews they observed just like them just like them just like them but at the same time like us they but at the same time like us they but at the same time like us they celebrated the lord's days as a memorial celebrated the lord's days as a memorial celebrated the lord's days as a memorial of the resurrection of the savior of the resurrection of the savior of the resurrection of the savior wherefore in consequence of such a wherefore in consequence of such a wherefore in consequence of such a course they received the name of course they received the name of course they received the name of ebionites ebionites ebionites which signified the poverty of their which signified the poverty of their which signified the poverty of their understanding understanding understanding for this is the name by which a poor man for this is the name by which a poor man for this is the name by which a poor man is called among the hebrews is called among the hebrews is called among the hebrews chapter 28 cyrenthus the heriziark

chapter 28 cyrenthus the heriziark chapter 28 cyrenthus the heriziark we have understood that at this time we have understood that at this time we have understood that at this time cyrenthus the author of another heresy cyrenthus the author of another heresy cyrenthus the author of another heresy made his appearance caius whose words we made his appearance caius whose words we made his appearance caius whose words we quoted above quoted above quoted above in the disputation which is ascribed to in the disputation which is ascribed to in the disputation which is ascribed to him writes as follows concerning this him writes as follows concerning this him writes as follows concerning this man but cerinthus also by means of man but cerinthus also by means of man but cerinthus also by means of revelations which he pretends were revelations which he pretends were revelations which he pretends were written by a great apostle written by a great apostle written by a great apostle brings before us marvelous things which brings before us marvelous things which brings before us marvelous things which he falsely claims were shown him by he falsely claims were shown him by he falsely claims were shown him by angels and he says that after the angels and he says that after the angels and he says that after the resurrection the kingdom of christ will resurrection the kingdom of christ will resurrection the kingdom of christ will be set up on earth be set up on earth be set up on earth and that the flesh dwelling in jerusalem and that the flesh dwelling in jerusalem and that the flesh dwelling in jerusalem will again be subject to desires and will again be subject to desires and will again be subject to desires and pleasures pleasures pleasures and being an enemy of the scriptures of and being an enemy of the scriptures of and being an enemy of the scriptures of god he asserts god he asserts god he asserts with the purpose of deceiving men that with the purpose of deceiving men that with the purpose of deceiving men that there is to be a period of a thousand there is to be a period of a thousand there is to be a period of a thousand years for marriage festivals years for marriage festivals years for marriage festivals and dionysius who was bishop of the and dionysius who was bishop of the and dionysius who was bishop of the parish of alexandria parish of alexandria parish of alexandria in our day in the second book of his in our day in the second book of his in our day in the second book of his work on the promises work on the promises work on the promises where he says some things concerning the where he says some things concerning the where he says some things concerning the apocalypse of john which he draws from apocalypse of john which he draws from apocalypse of john which he draws from tradition tradition tradition mentions this same man in the following mentions this same man in the following mentions this same man in the following words words words but they say that cyrenthus who founded but they say that cyrenthus who founded but they say that cyrenthus who founded the sect which was called after him the the sect which was called after him the the sect which was called after him the serention serention serention desiring reputable authority for his desiring reputable authority for his desiring reputable authority for his fiction prefixed the name fiction prefixed the name fiction prefixed the name for the doctrine which he taught was for the doctrine which he taught was for the doctrine which he taught was this that the kingdom of christ will be this that the kingdom of christ will be this that the kingdom of christ will be an earthly one an earthly one an earthly one and as he was himself devoted to the and as he was himself devoted to the and as he was himself devoted to the pleasures of the body and altogether pleasures of the body and altogether pleasures of the body and altogether sensual in his nature sensual in his nature sensual in his nature he dreamed that the kingdom would he dreamed that the kingdom would he dreamed that the kingdom would consist in those things which he desired

consist in those things which he desired consist in those things which he desired namely in the delights of the belly and namely in the delights of the belly and namely in the delights of the belly and of sexual passion of sexual passion of sexual passion that is to say in eating and drinking that is to say in eating and drinking that is to say in eating and drinking and marrying and marrying and marrying and in festivals and sacrifices and the and in festivals and sacrifices and the and in festivals and sacrifices and the slaying of victims slaying of victims slaying of victims under the guise of which he thought he under the guise of which he thought he under the guise of which he thought he could indulge his appetites with a could indulge his appetites with a could indulge his appetites with a better grace these are the words of dionysius but these are the words of dionysius but irenaeus in the first book of his irenaeus in the first book of his irenaeus in the first book of his work against heresies gives some more work against heresies gives some more work against heresies gives some more abominable false doctrines of the same abominable false doctrines of the same abominable false doctrines of the same man man man and in the third book relates a story and in the third book relates a story and in the third book relates a story which deserves to be recorded which deserves to be recorded which deserves to be recorded he says on the authority of polycarp he says on the authority of polycarp he says on the authority of polycarp that the apostle john once entered a that the apostle john once entered a that the apostle john once entered a bath to bathe bath to bathe bath to bathe but learning that cyrenthus was within but learning that cyrenthus was within but learning that cyrenthus was within he sprang from the place and rushed out he sprang from the place and rushed out he sprang from the place and rushed out of the door of the door of the door for he could not bear to remain under for he could not bear to remain under for he could not bear to remain under the same roof with him the same roof with him the same roof with him and he advised those that were with him and he advised those that were with him and he advised those that were with him to do the same saying to do the same saying to do the same saying let us flee lest the bath fall for let us flee lest the bath fall for let us flee lest the bath fall for cyrenthus the enemy of the truth cyrenthus the enemy of the truth cyrenthus the enemy of the truth is within chapter 29 is within chapter 29 is within chapter 29 nicolaes and the sect named after him nicolaes and the sect named after him nicolaes and the sect named after him at this time the so-called sect of the at this time the so-called sect of the at this time the so-called sect of the nicolaitans made its appearance and nicolaitans made its appearance and nicolaitans made its appearance and lasted for a very short time lasted for a very short time lasted for a very short time mention is made of it in the apocalypse mention is made of it in the apocalypse mention is made of it in the apocalypse of john of john of john they boasted that the author of their they boasted that the author of their they boasted that the author of their sect was nicolaus sect was nicolaus sect was nicolaus one of the deacons who with stephen were one of the deacons who with stephen were one of the deacons who with stephen were appointed by the apostles for the appointed by the apostles for the appointed by the apostles for the purpose of ministering to the poor purpose of ministering to the poor purpose of ministering to the poor clement of alexandria in the third book clement of alexandria in the third book clement of alexandria in the third book of his dramata of his dramata of his dramata relates the following things concerning relates the following things concerning relates the following things concerning him him him they say that he had a beautiful wife

they say that he had a beautiful wife they say that he had a beautiful wife and after the ascension of the savior and after the ascension of the savior and after the ascension of the savior being accused by the apostles of being accused by the apostles of being accused by the apostles of jealousy he led her into their midst and jealousy he led her into their midst and jealousy he led her into their midst and gave permission to anyone that wished to gave permission to anyone that wished to gave permission to anyone that wished to marry her marry her marry her for they say that this was in accord for they say that this was in accord for they say that this was in accord with that saying of his with that saying of his with that saying of his that one ought to abuse the flesh and that one ought to abuse the flesh and that one ought to abuse the flesh and those that have followed his heresy those that have followed his heresy those that have followed his heresy imitating blindly and foolishly that imitating blindly and foolishly that imitating blindly and foolishly that which was done and said which was done and said which was done and said commit fornication without shame commit fornication without shame commit fornication without shame but i understand that nicolaes had to do but i understand that nicolaes had to do but i understand that nicolaes had to do with no other woman with no other woman with no other woman than her to whom he was married and that than her to whom he was married and that than her to whom he was married and that so far as his children are concerned so far as his children are concerned so far as his children are concerned his daughters continued in a state of his daughters continued in a state of his daughters continued in a state of virginity until virginity until virginity until old age and his son remained uncorrupt old age and his son remained uncorrupt old age and his son remained uncorrupt if this is so when he brought his wife if this is so when he brought his wife if this is so when he brought his wife whom he jealously loved whom he jealously loved whom he jealously loved into the midst of the apostles he was into the midst of the apostles he was into the midst of the apostles he was evidently renouncing his passion evidently renouncing his passion evidently renouncing his passion and when he used the expression to abuse and when he used the expression to abuse and when he used the expression to abuse the flesh the flesh the flesh he was inculcating self-control in the he was inculcating self-control in the he was inculcating self-control in the face of those pleasures that are eagerly face of those pleasures that are eagerly face of those pleasures that are eagerly pursued pursued pursued for i suppose that in accordance with for i suppose that in accordance with for i suppose that in accordance with the command of the savior the command of the savior the command of the savior he did not wish to serve two masters he did not wish to serve two masters he did not wish to serve two masters pleasure and the lord pleasure and the lord pleasure and the lord but they say that matthias also taught but they say that matthias also taught but they say that matthias also taught in the same manner that we ought to in the same manner that we ought to in the same manner that we ought to fight against and abuse the flesh fight against and abuse the flesh fight against and abuse the flesh and not give way to it for the sake of and not give way to it for the sake of and not give way to it for the sake of pleasure but strengthen the soul by pleasure but strengthen the soul by pleasure but strengthen the soul by faith and knowledge faith and knowledge faith and knowledge so much concerning those who then so much concerning those who then so much concerning those who then attempted to pervert the truth attempted to pervert the truth attempted to pervert the truth but in less time than it has taken to but in less time than it has taken to but in less time than it has taken to tell it became entirely extinct tell it became entirely extinct tell it became entirely extinct end of book three part three book 3

end of book three part three book 3 end of book three part three book 3 part 4 of eusebius church history part 4 of eusebius church history part 4 of eusebius church history this is a librivox recording all this is a librivox recording all this is a librivox recording all librivox recordings are in the public librivox recordings are in the public librivox recordings are in the public domain domain domain for more information or to volunteer for more information or to volunteer for more information or to volunteer please visit please visit please visit librivox.org recording by david leeson librivox.org recording by david leeson librivox.org recording by david leeson church history by eusebius of caesarea church history by eusebius of caesarea church history by eusebius of caesarea translated by arthur cushman mcgifford translated by arthur cushman mcgifford translated by arthur cushman mcgifford book 3 part 4 chapters 30-39 book 3 part 4 chapters 30-39 book 3 part 4 chapters 30-39 chapter 30 the apostles that were chapter 30 the apostles that were chapter 30 the apostles that were married married married clement indeed whose words we have just clement indeed whose words we have just clement indeed whose words we have just quoted quoted quoted after the above mentioned facts gives a after the above mentioned facts gives a after the above mentioned facts gives a statement on account of those who statement on account of those who statement on account of those who rejected marriage rejected marriage rejected marriage of the apostles that had wives or will of the apostles that had wives or will of the apostles that had wives or will they they they says he reject even the apostles for says he reject even the apostles for says he reject even the apostles for peter and philip begot children peter and philip begot children peter and philip begot children and philip also gave his daughters in and philip also gave his daughters in and philip also gave his daughters in marriage and paul does not hesitate in marriage and paul does not hesitate in marriage and paul does not hesitate in one of his epistles to greet his wife one of his epistles to greet his wife one of his epistles to greet his wife whom he did not take about with him that whom he did not take about with him that whom he did not take about with him that he might not be inconvenienced in his he might not be inconvenienced in his he might not be inconvenienced in his ministry ministry ministry and since we have mentioned this subject and since we have mentioned this subject and since we have mentioned this subject it is not improper to subjoin another it is not improper to subjoin another it is not improper to subjoin another account which is given by the same account which is given by the same account which is given by the same author and which is worth reading in the author and which is worth reading in the author and which is worth reading in the seventh book of his stromada he writes seventh book of his stromada he writes seventh book of his stromada he writes as follows as follows as follows they say accordingly that when the they say accordingly that when the they say accordingly that when the blessed peter saw his own wife led out blessed peter saw his own wife led out blessed peter saw his own wife led out to die to die to die he rejoiced because of her summons and he rejoiced because of her summons and he rejoiced because of her summons and her return home her return home her return home and called to her very encouragingly and and called to her very encouragingly and and called to her very encouragingly and comfortingly comfortingly comfortingly addressing her by name and saying oh

addressing her by name and saying oh addressing her by name and saying oh thou thou thou remember the lord such was the marriage remember the lord such was the marriage remember the lord such was the marriage of the blessed of the blessed of the blessed and their perfect disposition toward and their perfect disposition toward and their perfect disposition toward those dearest to them those dearest to them those dearest to them this account being in keeping with the this account being in keeping with the this account being in keeping with the subject in hand subject in hand subject in hand i have related here in its proper place i have related here in its proper place i have related here in its proper place chapter 31 the death of john and philip chapter 31 the death of john and philip chapter 31 the death of john and philip the time and the manner of the death of the time and the manner of the death of the time and the manner of the death of paul and peter as well as their burial paul and peter as well as their burial paul and peter as well as their burial places places places have been already shown by us have been already shown by us have been already shown by us the time of john's death has also been the time of john's death has also been the time of john's death has also been given in a general way given in a general way given in a general way but his burial place is indicated by an but his burial place is indicated by an but his burial place is indicated by an epistle of polygratis epistle of polygratis epistle of polygratis who was bishop of the parish of ephesus who was bishop of the parish of ephesus who was bishop of the parish of ephesus addressed to victor addressed to victor addressed to victor bishop of rome in this epistle he bishop of rome in this epistle he bishop of rome in this epistle he mentions him together with the apostle mentions him together with the apostle mentions him together with the apostle philip and his daughters in the philip and his daughters in the philip and his daughters in the following words following words following words for in asia also great lights have for in asia also great lights have for in asia also great lights have fallen asleep fallen asleep fallen asleep which shall rise again on the last day which shall rise again on the last day which shall rise again on the last day at the coming of the lord at the coming of the lord at the coming of the lord when he shall come with glory from when he shall come with glory from when he shall come with glory from heaven and shall seek out all the saints heaven and shall seek out all the saints heaven and shall seek out all the saints among these are philip one of the twelve among these are philip one of the twelve among these are philip one of the twelve apostles who sleeps in hieropolis apostles who sleeps in hieropolis apostles who sleeps in hieropolis and his two aged virgin daughters and and his two aged virgin daughters and and his two aged virgin daughters and another daughter who lived in the holy another daughter who lived in the holy another daughter who lived in the holy spirit and now rests at ephesus spirit and now rests at ephesus spirit and now rests at ephesus and moreover john who was both a witness and moreover john who was both a witness and moreover john who was both a witness and a teacher and a teacher and a teacher who reclined upon the bosom of the lord who reclined upon the bosom of the lord who reclined upon the bosom of the lord and being a priest wore the sacral plate and being a priest wore the sacral plate and being a priest wore the sacral plate he also sleeps at ephesus so much concerning their death and in so much concerning their death and in the dialogue of caius which we mentioned

the dialogue of caius which we mentioned the dialogue of caius which we mentioned a little above a little above a little above proclass against whom he directed his proclass against whom he directed his proclass against whom he directed his disputation disputation disputation in agreement with what had been quoted in agreement with what had been quoted in agreement with what had been quoted speaks thus concerning the death of speaks thus concerning the death of speaks thus concerning the death of philip and his daughters philip and his daughters philip and his daughters after him there were four prophetesses after him there were four prophetesses after him there were four prophetesses the daughters of philip the daughters of philip the daughters of philip at hieropolis in asia their tomb is at hieropolis in asia their tomb is at hieropolis in asia their tomb is there and the tomb of their father there and the tomb of their father there and the tomb of their father such is his statement but such is his statement but such is his statement but luke in the acts of the apostles luke in the acts of the apostles luke in the acts of the apostles mentions the daughters of philip who mentions the daughters of philip who mentions the daughters of philip who were at that time in caesarea in judea were at that time in caesarea in judea were at that time in caesarea in judea with their father with their father with their father and were honored with the gift of and were honored with the gift of and were honored with the gift of prophecy his words are as follows prophecy his words are as follows prophecy his words are as follows we came unto caesarea and entering into we came unto caesarea and entering into we came unto caesarea and entering into the house of philip the evangelist who the house of philip the evangelist who the house of philip the evangelist who was one of the seven was one of the seven was one of the seven we abode with him now this man had four we abode with him now this man had four we abode with him now this man had four daughters daughters daughters virgins which did prophesy virgins which did prophesy virgins which did prophesy we have thus set forth in these pages we have thus set forth in these pages we have thus set forth in these pages what has come to our knowledge what has come to our knowledge what has come to our knowledge concerning the apostles themselves and concerning the apostles themselves and concerning the apostles themselves and the apostolic the apostolic the apostolic age and concerning the sacred writings age and concerning the sacred writings age and concerning the sacred writings which they have left us which they have left us which they have left us as well as concerning those which are as well as concerning those which are as well as concerning those which are disputed but nevertheless have been disputed but nevertheless have been disputed but nevertheless have been publicly used by many in a great number publicly used by many in a great number publicly used by many in a great number of churches of churches of churches and moreover concerning those that are and moreover concerning those that are and moreover concerning those that are all together rejected and are all together rejected and are all together rejected and are out of harmony with apostolic orthodoxy out of harmony with apostolic orthodoxy out of harmony with apostolic orthodoxy having done this having done this having done this let us now proceed with our history chapter 32 simeon bishop of jerusalem chapter 32 simeon bishop of jerusalem suffers martyrdom it is reported that suffers martyrdom it is reported that suffers martyrdom it is reported that after the age of nero and omission after the age of nero and omission after the age of nero and omission under the emperor whose times we are now under the emperor whose times we are now under the emperor whose times we are now recording a persecution was stirred up

recording a persecution was stirred up recording a persecution was stirred up against us in certain cities in against us in certain cities in against us in certain cities in consequence of a popular uprising consequence of a popular uprising consequence of a popular uprising in this persecution we have understood in this persecution we have understood in this persecution we have understood that simeon the son of clopas that simeon the son of clopas that simeon the son of clopas who as we have shown was the second who as we have shown was the second who as we have shown was the second bishop of the church of jerusalem bishop of the church of jerusalem bishop of the church of jerusalem suffered martyrdom hegesippus suffered martyrdom hegesippus suffered martyrdom hegesippus whose words we have already quoted in whose words we have already quoted in whose words we have already quoted in various places various places various places is a witness to this fact also speaking is a witness to this fact also speaking is a witness to this fact also speaking of certain heretics of certain heretics of certain heretics he adds that simeon was accused by them he adds that simeon was accused by them he adds that simeon was accused by them at this time at this time at this time and since it was clear that he was a and since it was clear that he was a and since it was clear that he was a christian he was tortured in various christian he was tortured in various christian he was tortured in various ways for many days ways for many days ways for many days and astonished even the judge himself and astonished even the judge himself and astonished even the judge himself and his attendants in the highest degree and his attendants in the highest degree and his attendants in the highest degree and finally he suffered a death similar and finally he suffered a death similar and finally he suffered a death similar to that of our lord but there is nothing like hearing the but there is nothing like hearing the historian himself who writes as follows historian himself who writes as follows historian himself who writes as follows certain of these heretics brought certain of these heretics brought certain of these heretics brought accusation against simeon the son of accusation against simeon the son of accusation against simeon the son of clopas clopas clopas on the ground that he was a descendant on the ground that he was a descendant on the ground that he was a descendant of david and a christian of david and a christian of david and a christian and thus he suffered martyrdom at the and thus he suffered martyrdom at the and thus he suffered martyrdom at the age of 120 years age of 120 years age of 120 years while trajan was emperor and atticus while trajan was emperor and atticus while trajan was emperor and atticus governor governor governor and the same writer says that his and the same writer says that his and the same writer says that his accusers also accusers also accusers also when search was made for the descendants when search was made for the descendants when search was made for the descendants of david were arrested as belonging to of david were arrested as belonging to of david were arrested as belonging to that family and it might be reasonably that family and it might be reasonably that family and it might be reasonably assumed that simeon was one of those assumed that simeon was one of those assumed that simeon was one of those that saw and heard the lord that saw and heard the lord that saw and heard the lord judging from the length of his life and judging from the length of his life and judging from the length of his life and from the fact that the gospel makes from the fact that the gospel makes from the fact that the gospel makes mention of mary the wife of clopas mention of mary the wife of clopas mention of mary the wife of clopas who was the father of simeon as has been who was the father of simeon as has been who was the father of simeon as has been already shown

the same historian says that there were the same historian says that there were also others also others also others descended from one of the so-called descended from one of the so-called descended from one of the so-called brothers of the savior brothers of the savior brothers of the savior whose name was judas who after they had whose name was judas who after they had whose name was judas who after they had borne testimony before domitian borne testimony before domitian borne testimony before domitian as has been already recorded in behalf as has been already recorded in behalf as has been already recorded in behalf of faith in christ of faith in christ of faith in christ lived until the same reign lived until the same reign lived until the same reign he writes as follows they came therefore he writes as follows they came therefore he writes as follows they came therefore and took the lead of every church as and took the lead of every church as and took the lead of every church as witnesses and as relatives of the lord witnesses and as relatives of the lord witnesses and as relatives of the lord and profound peace being established in and profound peace being established in and profound peace being established in every church every church every church they remained until the reign of the they remained until the reign of the they remained until the reign of the emperor trajan and emperor trajan and emperor trajan and until the above mentioned simeon son of until the above mentioned simeon son of until the above mentioned simeon son of clopas an uncle of the lord clopas an uncle of the lord clopas an uncle of the lord was informed against by the heretics and was informed against by the heretics and was informed against by the heretics and was himself was himself was himself in like manner accused for the same in like manner accused for the same in like manner accused for the same cause before the governor atticus cause before the governor atticus cause before the governor atticus and after being tortured for many days and after being tortured for many days and after being tortured for many days he suffered martyrdom he suffered martyrdom he suffered martyrdom and all including even the proconsul and all including even the proconsul and all including even the proconsul marveled that at the age of 120 years marveled that at the age of 120 years marveled that at the age of 120 years he could endure so much and orders were he could endure so much and orders were he could endure so much and orders were given that he should be crucified given that he should be crucified given that he should be crucified in addition to these things the same man in addition to these things the same man in addition to these things the same man while recounting the events of that while recounting the events of that while recounting the events of that period period period records that the church up to that time records that the church up to that time records that the church up to that time had remained a pure and had remained a pure and had remained a pure and uncorrupted virgin since if there were uncorrupted virgin since if there were uncorrupted virgin since if there were any that attempted to corrupt the sound any that attempted to corrupt the sound any that attempted to corrupt the sound norm of the preaching of salvation norm of the preaching of salvation norm of the preaching of salvation they lay until then concealed in obscure they lay until then concealed in obscure they lay until then concealed in obscure darkness but when the sacred college of apostles but when the sacred college of apostles had suffered death in various forms had suffered death in various forms had suffered death in various forms and the generation of those that had and the generation of those that had and the generation of those that had been deemed worthy to hear the inspired been deemed worthy to hear the inspired been deemed worthy to hear the inspired wisdom with their own ears had passed wisdom with their own ears had passed wisdom with their own ears had passed away away away then the league of godless error took

then the league of godless error took then the league of godless error took its rise as a result of the folly of its rise as a result of the folly of its rise as a result of the folly of heretical teachers heretical teachers heretical teachers who because none of the apostles was who because none of the apostles was who because none of the apostles was still living still living still living attempted henceforth with a bold face to attempted henceforth with a bold face to attempted henceforth with a bold face to proclaim proclaim proclaim in opposition to the preaching of the in opposition to the preaching of the in opposition to the preaching of the truth the knowledge which is falsely so truth the knowledge which is falsely so truth the knowledge which is falsely so called called called chapter 33 trajan forbids the christians chapter 33 trajan forbids the christians chapter 33 trajan forbids the christians to be sought after to be sought after to be sought after so great a persecution was at that time so great a persecution was at that time so great a persecution was at that time opened against us opened against us opened against us in many places that plinius secundus one in many places that plinius secundus one in many places that plinius secundus one of the most noted of governors of the most noted of governors of the most noted of governors being disturbed by the great number of being disturbed by the great number of being disturbed by the great number of martyrs communicated with the emperor martyrs communicated with the emperor martyrs communicated with the emperor concerning the multitude of those that concerning the multitude of those that concerning the multitude of those that were put to death for their faith were put to death for their faith were put to death for their faith at the same time he informed him in his at the same time he informed him in his at the same time he informed him in his communication that he had not heard of communication that he had not heard of communication that he had not heard of their doing anything profane or contrary their doing anything profane or contrary their doing anything profane or contrary to the laws to the laws to the laws except that they arose at dawn and sang except that they arose at dawn and sang except that they arose at dawn and sang hymns to christ as a god hymns to christ as a god hymns to christ as a god but that they renounced adultery and but that they renounced adultery and but that they renounced adultery and murder and like criminal offences and murder and like criminal offences and murder and like criminal offences and did all things in accordance with the did all things in accordance with the did all things in accordance with the laws laws laws in reply to this trajan made the in reply to this trajan made the in reply to this trajan made the following decree following decree following decree that the race of christians should not that the race of christians should not that the race of christians should not be sought after but when found be sought after but when found be sought after but when found should be punished on account of this should be punished on account of this should be punished on account of this the persecution which had threatened the persecution which had threatened the persecution which had threatened to be a most terrible one was to a to be a most terrible one was to a to be a most terrible one was to a certain degree certain degree certain degree checked but there were still left plenty checked but there were still left plenty checked but there were still left plenty of pretexts of pretexts of pretexts for those who wished to do us harm for those who wished to do us harm for those who wished to do us harm sometimes the people sometimes the people sometimes the people sometimes the rulers in various places sometimes the rulers in various places sometimes the rulers in various places would lay plots against would lay plots against would lay plots against us so that although no great us so that although no great us so that although no great persecutions took place persecutions took place persecutions took place local persecutions were nevertheless

local persecutions were nevertheless local persecutions were nevertheless going on in particular provinces going on in particular provinces going on in particular provinces and many of the faithful endured and many of the faithful endured and many of the faithful endured martyrdom in various forms we have taken our account from the latin we have taken our account from the latin apology of tertullian which we mentioned apology of tertullian which we mentioned apology of tertullian which we mentioned above above above the translation runs as follows and the translation runs as follows and the translation runs as follows and indeed we have found that search for us indeed we have found that search for us indeed we have found that search for us has been forbidden has been forbidden has been forbidden for when plenius secondus the governor for when plenius secondus the governor for when plenius secondus the governor of a province of a province of a province had condemned certain christians and had condemned certain christians and had condemned certain christians and deprived them of their dignity deprived them of their dignity deprived them of their dignity he was confounded by the multitude and he was confounded by the multitude and he was confounded by the multitude and was uncertain what further course to was uncertain what further course to was uncertain what further course to pursue pursue pursue he therefore communicated with trajan he therefore communicated with trajan he therefore communicated with trajan the emperor the emperor the emperor informing him that aside from their informing him that aside from their informing him that aside from their unwillingness to sacrifice unwillingness to sacrifice unwillingness to sacrifice he had found no impiety in them he had found no impiety in them he had found no impiety in them and he reported this also that the and he reported this also that the and he reported this also that the christians arose early in the morning christians arose early in the morning christians arose early in the morning and sang hymns unto christ as a god and sang hymns unto christ as a god and sang hymns unto christ as a god and for the purpose of preserving their and for the purpose of preserving their and for the purpose of preserving their discipline forbade murder discipline forbade murder discipline forbade murder adultery avarice robbery and the like adultery avarice robbery and the like adultery avarice robbery and the like in reply to this trajan wrote that the in reply to this trajan wrote that the in reply to this trajan wrote that the race of christians should not be sought race of christians should not be sought race of christians should not be sought after after after but when found should be punished such but when found should be punished such but when found should be punished such were the events which took place at that were the events which took place at that were the events which took place at that time chapter 34 evarestus the fourth bishop chapter 34 evarestus the fourth bishop of the church of rome of the church of rome of the church of rome in the third year of the reign of the in the third year of the reign of the in the third year of the reign of the emperor mentioned above emperor mentioned above emperor mentioned above clement committed the episcopal clement committed the episcopal clement committed the episcopal government of the church of rome to government of the church of rome to government of the church of rome to everest everest everest and departed this life after he had and departed this life after he had and departed this life after he had superintended the teaching of the divine superintended the teaching of the divine superintended the teaching of the divine word word word nine years in all chapter 35 justice the third bishop of

chapter 35 justice the third bishop of jerusalem jerusalem jerusalem but when simeon also had died in the but when simeon also had died in the but when simeon also had died in the manner described manner described manner described a certain jew by the name of justice a certain jew by the name of justice a certain jew by the name of justice succeeded to the episcopal throne in succeeded to the episcopal throne in succeeded to the episcopal throne in jerusalem jerusalem jerusalem he was one of the many thousands of the he was one of the many thousands of the he was one of the many thousands of the circumcision who at that time believed circumcision who at that time believed circumcision who at that time believed in christ chapter 36 ignatius and his epistles chapter 36 ignatius and his epistles at that time polycarp a disciple of the at that time polycarp a disciple of the at that time polycarp a disciple of the apostles apostles apostles was a man of imminence in asia having was a man of imminence in asia having was a man of imminence in asia having been entrusted with the episcopate of been entrusted with the episcopate of been entrusted with the episcopate of the church of smyrna by those who had the church of smyrna by those who had the church of smyrna by those who had seen and heard the lord seen and heard the lord seen and heard the lord and at the same time poppius bishop of and at the same time poppius bishop of and at the same time poppius bishop of the parish of hieropolis the parish of hieropolis the parish of hieropolis became well known as did also ignatius became well known as did also ignatius became well known as did also ignatius who was chosen bishop of antioch who was chosen bishop of antioch who was chosen bishop of antioch second in succession to peter and whose second in succession to peter and whose second in succession to peter and whose fame is still celebrated by a great many fame is still celebrated by a great many fame is still celebrated by a great many reports says that he was sent from syria reports says that he was sent from syria reports says that he was sent from syria to rome to rome to rome and became food for wild beasts on and became food for wild beasts on and became food for wild beasts on account of his testimony to christ account of his testimony to christ account of his testimony to christ and as he made the journey through asia and as he made the journey through asia and as he made the journey through asia under the strictest military under the strictest military under the strictest military surveillance surveillance surveillance he fortified the parishes in the various he fortified the parishes in the various he fortified the parishes in the various cities where he stopped by oral homilies cities where he stopped by oral homilies cities where he stopped by oral homilies and exhortations and exhortations and exhortations and warned them above all to be and warned them above all to be and warned them above all to be especially on their guard against the especially on their guard against the especially on their guard against the heresies that were then beginning to heresies that were then beginning to heresies that were then beginning to prevail prevail prevail and exhorted them to hold fast to the and exhorted them to hold fast to the and exhorted them to hold fast to the tradition of the apostles tradition of the apostles tradition of the apostles moreover he thought it necessary to moreover he thought it necessary to moreover he thought it necessary to attest that tradition attest that tradition attest that tradition in writing and to give it a fixed form in writing and to give it a fixed form in writing and to give it a fixed form for the sake of greater security

for the sake of greater security for the sake of greater security so when he came to smyrna where polycarp so when he came to smyrna where polycarp so when he came to smyrna where polycarp was was was he wrote an epistle to the church of he wrote an epistle to the church of he wrote an epistle to the church of ephesus in which he mentions onesimus ephesus in which he mentions onesimus ephesus in which he mentions onesimus its its its pastor and another to the church of pastor and another to the church of pastor and another to the church of magnesia magnesia magnesia situated upon the meander in which he situated upon the meander in which he situated upon the meander in which he makes mention again makes mention again makes mention again of a bishop thomas and finally one to of a bishop thomas and finally one to of a bishop thomas and finally one to the church of trolleys the church of trolleys the church of trolleys whose bishop he states was at that time whose bishop he states was at that time whose bishop he states was at that time polybius in addition to these he wrote also to in addition to these he wrote also to the church of rome the church of rome the church of rome in treating them not to secure his in treating them not to secure his in treating them not to secure his release from martyrdom release from martyrdom release from martyrdom and thus rob him of his earnest hope in and thus rob him of his earnest hope in and thus rob him of his earnest hope in confirmation of what has been said it is confirmation of what has been said it is confirmation of what has been said it is proper to quote briefly from this proper to quote briefly from this proper to quote briefly from this epistle epistle epistle he writes as follows from syria even he writes as follows from syria even he writes as follows from syria even unto rome i fight with wild beasts unto rome i fight with wild beasts unto rome i fight with wild beasts by land and by sea by night and by day by land and by sea by night and by day by land and by sea by night and by day being bound amidst ten leopards that being bound amidst ten leopards that being bound amidst ten leopards that is a company of soldiers who only become is a company of soldiers who only become is a company of soldiers who only become worse when they are well treated worse when they are well treated worse when they are well treated in the midst of their wrong doings in the midst of their wrong doings in the midst of their wrong doings however i am more fully learning however i am more fully learning however i am more fully learning discipleship discipleship discipleship but i am not thereby justified but i am not thereby justified but i am not thereby justified may i have joy of the beasts that are may i have joy of the beasts that are may i have joy of the beasts that are prepared for me prepared for me prepared for me and i pray that i may find them ready i and i pray that i may find them ready i and i pray that i may find them ready i will even coax them to devour me quickly will even coax them to devour me quickly will even coax them to devour me quickly that they may not treat me as they have that they may not treat me as they have that they may not treat me as they have some whom they have refused to touch some whom they have refused to touch some whom they have refused to touch through fear through fear through fear and if they are unwilling i will compel and if they are unwilling i will compel and if they are unwilling i will compel them forgive me them forgive me them forgive me i know what is expedient for me now do i i know what is expedient for me now do i i know what is expedient for me now do i begin to be a disciple begin to be a disciple begin to be a disciple may not of things visible and things may not of things visible and things may not of things visible and things invisible envy me invisible envy me invisible envy me that i may attain unto jesus christ let

that i may attain unto jesus christ let that i may attain unto jesus christ let fire and cross fire and cross fire and cross and attacks of wild beasts let wrenching and attacks of wild beasts let wrenching and attacks of wild beasts let wrenching of bones of bones of bones cutting of limbs crushing of the whole cutting of limbs crushing of the whole cutting of limbs crushing of the whole body tortures of the devil body tortures of the devil body tortures of the devil let all these come upon me if only i may let all these come upon me if only i may let all these come upon me if only i may attain unto jesus christ attain unto jesus christ attain unto jesus christ these things he wrote from the above these things he wrote from the above these things he wrote from the above mentioned city to the churches referred mentioned city to the churches referred mentioned city to the churches referred to to to and when he had left smyrna he wrote and when he had left smyrna he wrote and when he had left smyrna he wrote again from troas to the philadelphians again from troas to the philadelphians again from troas to the philadelphians and to the church of smyrna and and to the church of smyrna and and to the church of smyrna and particularly to polycarp particularly to polycarp particularly to polycarp who presided over the latter church and who presided over the latter church and who presided over the latter church and since he knew him well as an apostolic since he knew him well as an apostolic since he knew him well as an apostolic man man man he commended to him like a true and good he commended to him like a true and good he commended to him like a true and good shepherd shepherd shepherd the flock at antioch and besought him to the flock at antioch and besought him to the flock at antioch and besought him to care care care diligently for it diligently for it diligently for it and the same man writing to the and the same man writing to the and the same man writing to the smirnians used the following words smirnians used the following words smirnians used the following words concerning christ concerning christ concerning christ taken i know not whence but i know and taken i know not whence but i know and taken i know not whence but i know and believe that he was in the flesh after believe that he was in the flesh after believe that he was in the flesh after the resurrection the resurrection the resurrection and when he came to peter and his and when he came to peter and his and when he came to peter and his companions he said to them companions he said to them companions he said to them take handle me and see that i am not an take handle me and see that i am not an take handle me and see that i am not an incorporeal spirit incorporeal spirit incorporeal spirit and immediately they touched him and and immediately they touched him and and immediately they touched him and believed believed believed irenaeus also knew of his martyrdom and irenaeus also knew of his martyrdom and irenaeus also knew of his martyrdom and mentions his epistles in the following mentions his epistles in the following mentions his epistles in the following words words words as one of our people said when he was as one of our people said when he was as one of our people said when he was condemned to the beasts on account of condemned to the beasts on account of condemned to the beasts on account of his testimony unto god his testimony unto god his testimony unto god i am god's wheat and by the teeth of i am god's wheat and by the teeth of i am god's wheat and by the teeth of wild beasts am i ground wild beasts am i ground wild beasts am i ground that i may be found pure bread polycarp also mentions these letters in polycarp also mentions these letters in the epistle to the philippians which is

the epistle to the philippians which is the epistle to the philippians which is ascribed to him ascribed to him ascribed to him his words are as follows i exhort all of his words are as follows i exhort all of his words are as follows i exhort all of you therefore to be obedient you therefore to be obedient you therefore to be obedient and to practice all patience such as ye and to practice all patience such as ye and to practice all patience such as ye saw with your own eyes saw with your own eyes saw with your own eyes not only in the blessed ignatius and not only in the blessed ignatius and not only in the blessed ignatius and rufus and zosimus rufus and zosimus rufus and zosimus but also in others from among yourselves but also in others from among yourselves but also in others from among yourselves as well as in paul himself and the rest as well as in paul himself and the rest as well as in paul himself and the rest of the apostles of the apostles of the apostles being persuaded that all these ran not being persuaded that all these ran not being persuaded that all these ran not in vain but in faith and righteousness in vain but in faith and righteousness in vain but in faith and righteousness and that they are gone to their rightful and that they are gone to their rightful and that they are gone to their rightful place beside the lord place beside the lord place beside the lord with whom also they suffered for they with whom also they suffered for they with whom also they suffered for they loved not the present world loved not the present world loved not the present world but him that died for our sakes and was but him that died for our sakes and was but him that died for our sakes and was raised by god for us raised by god for us raised by god for us and afterwards he adds you have written and afterwards he adds you have written and afterwards he adds you have written to me to me to me both you and ignatius that if anyone go both you and ignatius that if anyone go both you and ignatius that if anyone go to syria he may carry with him the to syria he may carry with him the to syria he may carry with him the letters letters letters from you and this i will do if i have a from you and this i will do if i have a from you and this i will do if i have a suitable opportunity suitable opportunity suitable opportunity either i myself or one whom i send to be either i myself or one whom i send to be either i myself or one whom i send to be an ambassador for you also the epistles of ignatius which were sent the epistles of ignatius which were sent to us by him and the others which we had to us by him and the others which we had to us by him and the others which we had with us we with us we with us we sent to you as you gave charge they are sent to you as you gave charge they are sent to you as you gave charge they are appended to this epistle appended to this epistle appended to this epistle and from them you will be able to derive and from them you will be able to derive and from them you will be able to derive great advantage great advantage great advantage for they comprise faith and patience and for they comprise faith and patience and for they comprise faith and patience and every kind of edification that every kind of edification that every kind of edification that pertaineth to our lord pertaineth to our lord pertaineth to our lord so much concerning ignatius but he was so much concerning ignatius but he was so much concerning ignatius but he was succeeded by heros succeeded by heros succeeded by heros in the episcopate of the church of in the episcopate of the church of in the episcopate of the church of antioch chapter 37 the evangelists that were chapter 37 the evangelists that were still

still still imminent at that time among those that imminent at that time among those that imminent at that time among those that were celebrated at that time was were celebrated at that time was were celebrated at that time was quadratus quadratus quadratus who report says was renowned along with who report says was renowned along with who report says was renowned along with the daughters of philip for his the daughters of philip for his the daughters of philip for his prophetical gifts prophetical gifts prophetical gifts and there were many others besides these and there were many others besides these and there were many others besides these who were known in those days who were known in those days who were known in those days and who occupied the first place among and who occupied the first place among and who occupied the first place among the successors of the apostles the successors of the apostles the successors of the apostles and they also being illustrious and they also being illustrious and they also being illustrious disciples of such great men disciples of such great men disciples of such great men built up the foundations of the churches built up the foundations of the churches built up the foundations of the churches which had been laid by the apostles in which had been laid by the apostles in which had been laid by the apostles in every every every place and preached the gospel more and place and preached the gospel more and place and preached the gospel more and more widely and scattered the saving more widely and scattered the saving more widely and scattered the saving seeds of the kingdom of heaven seeds of the kingdom of heaven seeds of the kingdom of heaven far and near throughout the whole world far and near throughout the whole world far and near throughout the whole world for indeed most of the disciples of that for indeed most of the disciples of that for indeed most of the disciples of that time animated by the divine time animated by the divine time animated by the divine word and with a more ardent love for word and with a more ardent love for word and with a more ardent love for philosophy had already fulfilled the philosophy had already fulfilled the philosophy had already fulfilled the command of the savior command of the savior command of the savior and had distributed their goods to the and had distributed their goods to the and had distributed their goods to the needy then starting out upon long needy then starting out upon long needy then starting out upon long journeys they performed the office of journeys they performed the office of journeys they performed the office of evangelists evangelists evangelists being filled with the desire to preach being filled with the desire to preach being filled with the desire to preach christ to those who had not yet heard christ to those who had not yet heard christ to those who had not yet heard the word of faith the word of faith the word of faith and to deliver to them the divine and to deliver to them the divine and to deliver to them the divine gospels gospels gospels and when they had only laid the and when they had only laid the and when they had only laid the foundations of the faith in foreign foundations of the faith in foreign foundations of the faith in foreign places places places they appointed others as pastors and they appointed others as pastors and they appointed others as pastors and entrusted them with the nurture of those entrusted them with the nurture of those entrusted them with the nurture of those that had recently been brought in that had recently been brought in that had recently been brought in while they themselves went on again to while they themselves went on again to while they themselves went on again to other countries and nations other countries and nations other countries and nations with the grace and the cooperation of with the grace and the cooperation of with the grace and the cooperation of god for a great many wonderful works god for a great many wonderful works god for a great many wonderful works were done through were done through were done through them by the power of the divine spirit them by the power of the divine spirit them by the power of the divine spirit so that at the first hearing so that at the first hearing so that at the first hearing whole multitudes of men eagerly embraced

whole multitudes of men eagerly embraced whole multitudes of men eagerly embraced the religion of the creator of the the religion of the creator of the the religion of the creator of the universe but since it is impossible for us to but since it is impossible for us to enumerate the names of enumerate the names of enumerate the names of all that became shepherds or evangelists all that became shepherds or evangelists all that became shepherds or evangelists in the churches throughout the world in the churches throughout the world in the churches throughout the world in the age immediately succeeding the in the age immediately succeeding the in the age immediately succeeding the apostles apostles apostles we have recorded as was fitting the we have recorded as was fitting the we have recorded as was fitting the names of those only who have transmitted names of those only who have transmitted names of those only who have transmitted the apostolic doctrine to us in writings the apostolic doctrine to us in writings the apostolic doctrine to us in writings still still still extant chapter 38 the epistle of clement and chapter 38 the epistle of clement and the writings falsely ascribed to him the writings falsely ascribed to him the writings falsely ascribed to him thus ignatius has done in the epistles thus ignatius has done in the epistles thus ignatius has done in the epistles which we have mentioned which we have mentioned which we have mentioned and clement in his epistle which is and clement in his epistle which is and clement in his epistle which is accepted by all accepted by all accepted by all and which he wrote in the name of the and which he wrote in the name of the and which he wrote in the name of the church of rome to the church of corinth church of rome to the church of corinth church of rome to the church of corinth in this epistle he gives many thoughts in this epistle he gives many thoughts in this epistle he gives many thoughts drawn from the epistle to the hebrews drawn from the epistle to the hebrews drawn from the epistle to the hebrews and also quotes verbally some of its and also quotes verbally some of its and also quotes verbally some of its expressions expressions expressions thus showing most plainly that it is not thus showing most plainly that it is not thus showing most plainly that it is not a recent production a recent production a recent production wherefore it has seemed reasonable to wherefore it has seemed reasonable to wherefore it has seemed reasonable to reckon it with the other writings of the reckon it with the other writings of the reckon it with the other writings of the apostle apostle apostle for as paul had written to the hebrews for as paul had written to the hebrews for as paul had written to the hebrews in his native tongue in his native tongue in his native tongue some say that the evangelist luke others some say that the evangelist luke others some say that the evangelist luke others that this clement himself that this clement himself that this clement himself translated the epistle translated the epistle translated the epistle the latter seems more probable because the latter seems more probable because the latter seems more probable because the epistle of clement and that to the the epistle of clement and that to the the epistle of clement and that to the hebrews have a similar character in hebrews have a similar character in hebrews have a similar character in regard to style regard to style regard to style and still further because the thoughts and still further because the thoughts and still further because the thoughts contained in the two works are not very contained in the two works are not very contained in the two works are not very different different different but it must be observed also that there but it must be observed also that there but it must be observed also that there is said to be a second epistle of is said to be a second epistle of is said to be a second epistle of clement

clement clement but we do not know that it is recognized but we do not know that it is recognized but we do not know that it is recognized like the former like the former like the former for we do not find that the ancients for we do not find that the ancients for we do not find that the ancients have made any use of it have made any use of it have made any use of it and certain men have lately brought and certain men have lately brought and certain men have lately brought forward other wordy and lengthy writings forward other wordy and lengthy writings forward other wordy and lengthy writings under his name under his name under his name containing dialogues of peter and appion containing dialogues of peter and appion containing dialogues of peter and appion but no mention has been made of these by but no mention has been made of these by but no mention has been made of these by the ancients the ancients the ancients for they do not even preserve the pure for they do not even preserve the pure for they do not even preserve the pure stamp of apostolic orthodoxy stamp of apostolic orthodoxy stamp of apostolic orthodoxy the acknowledged writing of clement is the acknowledged writing of clement is the acknowledged writing of clement is well known we have spoken also of the well known we have spoken also of the well known we have spoken also of the works of ignatius and polycarp works of ignatius and polycarp works of ignatius and polycarp chapter 39 the writings of popus chapter 39 the writings of popus chapter 39 the writings of popus there are extant five books of popus there are extant five books of popus there are extant five books of popus which bear the title which bear the title which bear the title expositions of oracles of the lord expositions of oracles of the lord expositions of oracles of the lord irenaeus makes mention of these as the irenaeus makes mention of these as the irenaeus makes mention of these as the only works written by him only works written by him only works written by him in the following words these things are in the following words these things are in the following words these things are attested by attested by attested by poppius an ancient man who was a hearer poppius an ancient man who was a hearer poppius an ancient man who was a hearer of john and a companion of polycarp of john and a companion of polycarp of john and a companion of polycarp in his fourth book for five books have in his fourth book for five books have in his fourth book for five books have been written by him been written by him been written by him these are the words of ironies these are the words of ironies these are the words of ironies but papias himself in the preface to his but papias himself in the preface to his but papias himself in the preface to his discourses by no means declares that he discourses by no means declares that he discourses by no means declares that he was himself a hearer and eyewitness of was himself a hearer and eyewitness of was himself a hearer and eyewitness of the holy apostles the holy apostles the holy apostles but he shows by the words which he uses but he shows by the words which he uses but he shows by the words which he uses that he received the doctrines of the that he received the doctrines of the that he received the doctrines of the faith from those who were their friends faith from those who were their friends faith from those who were their friends he says but i shall not hesitate also to he says but i shall not hesitate also to he says but i shall not hesitate also to put down for you along with my put down for you along with my put down for you along with my interpretations interpretations interpretations whatsoever things i have at any time whatsoever things i have at any time whatsoever things i have at any time learned carefully from the elders learned carefully from the elders learned carefully from the elders and carefully remembered guaranteeing

and carefully remembered guaranteeing and carefully remembered guaranteeing their truth their truth their truth for i did not like the multitude take for i did not like the multitude take for i did not like the multitude take pleasure in those that speak much pleasure in those that speak much pleasure in those that speak much but in those that teach the truth not in but in those that teach the truth not in but in those that teach the truth not in those that relate strange commandments those that relate strange commandments those that relate strange commandments but in those that deliver the but in those that deliver the but in those that deliver the commandments given by the lord to faith commandments given by the lord to faith commandments given by the lord to faith and springing from the truth itself and springing from the truth itself and springing from the truth itself if then anyone came who had been a if then anyone came who had been a if then anyone came who had been a follower of the elders follower of the elders follower of the elders i questioned him in regard to the words i questioned him in regard to the words i questioned him in regard to the words of the elders of the elders of the elders what andrew or what peter said or what what andrew or what peter said or what what andrew or what peter said or what was said by philip or by thomas or by was said by philip or by thomas or by was said by philip or by thomas or by james or by john or by matthew james or by john or by matthew james or by john or by matthew or by any other of the disciples of the or by any other of the disciples of the or by any other of the disciples of the lord and what things are istion and the lord and what things are istion and the lord and what things are istion and the presbyter john presbyter john presbyter john the disciples of the lord say for i did the disciples of the lord say for i did the disciples of the lord say for i did not think that what was to be gotten not think that what was to be gotten not think that what was to be gotten from the books would profit me from the books would profit me from the books would profit me as much as what came from the living and as much as what came from the living and as much as what came from the living and abiding voice it is worthwhile observing here that the it is worthwhile observing here that the name john is twice name john is twice name john is twice enumerated by him the first one he enumerated by him the first one he enumerated by him the first one he mentions in connection with peter and mentions in connection with peter and mentions in connection with peter and james and matthew and the rest of the james and matthew and the rest of the james and matthew and the rest of the apostles apostles apostles clearly meaning the evangelist but the clearly meaning the evangelist but the clearly meaning the evangelist but the other john he mentions after an other john he mentions after an other john he mentions after an interval and places him among others interval and places him among others interval and places him among others outside of the number of the apostles outside of the number of the apostles outside of the number of the apostles putting oristion before him and he putting oristion before him and he putting oristion before him and he distinctly calls him a presbyter distinctly calls him a presbyter distinctly calls him a presbyter this shows that the statement of those this shows that the statement of those this shows that the statement of those is true who say that there were two is true who say that there were two is true who say that there were two persons in asia that bore the same name persons in asia that bore the same name persons in asia that bore the same name and that there were two tombs in ephesus and that there were two tombs in ephesus and that there were two tombs in ephesus each of which each of which each of which even to the present day is called john's even to the present day is called john's even to the present day is called john's it is important to notice this for it is it is important to notice this for it is it is important to notice this for it is probable that it was the second

probable that it was the second probable that it was the second if one is not willing to admit that it if one is not willing to admit that it if one is not willing to admit that it was the first that saw the revelation was the first that saw the revelation was the first that saw the revelation which is ascribed by name to john and poppius of whom we are now speaking and poppius of whom we are now speaking confesses that he received the words of confesses that he received the words of confesses that he received the words of the apostles from those that followed the apostles from those that followed the apostles from those that followed them them them but says that he was himself a hearer of but says that he was himself a hearer of but says that he was himself a hearer of aristian and the presbyter john aristian and the presbyter john aristian and the presbyter john at least he mentions them frequently by at least he mentions them frequently by at least he mentions them frequently by name and gives their traditions in his name and gives their traditions in his name and gives their traditions in his writings writings writings these things we hope have not been these things we hope have not been these things we hope have not been uselessly abduced by us but it is fitting to subjoin to the but it is fitting to subjoin to the words of papias which have been quoted words of papias which have been quoted words of papias which have been quoted other passages from his works in which other passages from his works in which other passages from his works in which he relates some other wonderful events he relates some other wonderful events he relates some other wonderful events which he claims to have received from which he claims to have received from which he claims to have received from tradition tradition tradition that philip the apostle dwelt at that philip the apostle dwelt at that philip the apostle dwelt at hieropolis with his daughters has been hieropolis with his daughters has been hieropolis with his daughters has been already stated already stated already stated but it must be noted here that poppius but it must be noted here that poppius but it must be noted here that poppius their contemporary their contemporary their contemporary says that he heard a wonderful tale from says that he heard a wonderful tale from says that he heard a wonderful tale from the daughters of philip for he relates the daughters of philip for he relates the daughters of philip for he relates that in his time one rose from the dead that in his time one rose from the dead that in his time one rose from the dead and he tells another wonderful story of and he tells another wonderful story of and he tells another wonderful story of justice surnamed barsabas justice surnamed barsabas justice surnamed barsabas that he drank a deadly poison and yet by that he drank a deadly poison and yet by that he drank a deadly poison and yet by the grace of the lord the grace of the lord the grace of the lord suffered no harm the book of acts suffered no harm the book of acts suffered no harm the book of acts records that the holy apostles records that the holy apostles records that the holy apostles after the ascension of the savior put after the ascension of the savior put after the ascension of the savior put forward this justice forward this justice forward this justice together with matthias and prayed that together with matthias and prayed that together with matthias and prayed that one might be chosen in place of the one might be chosen in place of the one might be chosen in place of the traitor judas traitor judas traitor judas to fill up their number the account is to fill up their number the account is to fill up their number the account is as follows as follows as follows and they put forward two joseph called and they put forward two joseph called and they put forward two joseph called barsabbas

barsabbas barsabbas who was surnamed justice and matthias who was surnamed justice and matthias who was surnamed justice and matthias and they prayed and said the same writer and they prayed and said the same writer and they prayed and said the same writer gives also other accounts which he says gives also other accounts which he says gives also other accounts which he says came to him through unwritten tradition came to him through unwritten tradition came to him through unwritten tradition certain strange parables and teachings certain strange parables and teachings certain strange parables and teachings of the savior of the savior of the savior and some other more mythical things to these belong his statement that there to these belong his statement that there will be a period of some thousand years will be a period of some thousand years will be a period of some thousand years after the resurrection of the dead after the resurrection of the dead after the resurrection of the dead and that the kingdom of christ will be and that the kingdom of christ will be and that the kingdom of christ will be set up in material form on this very set up in material form on this very set up in material form on this very earth earth earth i suppose he got these ideas through a i suppose he got these ideas through a i suppose he got these ideas through a misunderstanding of the apostolic misunderstanding of the apostolic misunderstanding of the apostolic accounts accounts accounts not perceiving that the things said by not perceiving that the things said by not perceiving that the things said by them were spoken mystically in figures them were spoken mystically in figures them were spoken mystically in figures for he appears to have been a very for he appears to have been a very for he appears to have been a very limited understanding limited understanding limited understanding as one can see from his discourses but as one can see from his discourses but as one can see from his discourses but it was due to him that so many of the it was due to him that so many of the it was due to him that so many of the church fathers after him church fathers after him church fathers after him adopted a like opinion urging in their adopted a like opinion urging in their adopted a like opinion urging in their own support the antiquity of the man own support the antiquity of the man own support the antiquity of the man as for instance irenaeus and anyone else as for instance irenaeus and anyone else as for instance irenaeus and anyone else that may have proclaimed similar views poppius gives also in his own work other poppius gives also in his own work other accounts of the words of the lord on the accounts of the words of the lord on the accounts of the words of the lord on the authority of aristian who was mentioned authority of aristian who was mentioned authority of aristian who was mentioned above above above and traditions as handed down by the and traditions as handed down by the and traditions as handed down by the presbyter john presbyter john presbyter john to whom we refer those who are fond of to whom we refer those who are fond of to whom we refer those who are fond of learning learning learning but now we must add to the words of his but now we must add to the words of his but now we must add to the words of his which we have already quoted the which we have already quoted the which we have already quoted the tradition which he gives in regard to tradition which he gives in regard to tradition which he gives in regard to mark mark mark the author of the gospel the author of the gospel the author of the gospel this also the presbyter said mark having this also the presbyter said mark having this also the presbyter said mark having become the interpreter of peter

become the interpreter of peter become the interpreter of peter wrote down accurately though not in wrote down accurately though not in wrote down accurately though not in order whatsoever he remembered of the order whatsoever he remembered of the order whatsoever he remembered of the things things things said or done by christ for he neither said or done by christ for he neither said or done by christ for he neither heard the lord nor heard the lord nor heard the lord nor followed him but afterward as i said he followed him but afterward as i said he followed him but afterward as i said he followed peter followed peter followed peter who adapted his teaching to the needs of who adapted his teaching to the needs of who adapted his teaching to the needs of his hearers his hearers his hearers but with no intention of giving a but with no intention of giving a but with no intention of giving a connected account of the lord's connected account of the lord's connected account of the lord's discourses discourses discourses so that mark committed no error while he so that mark committed no error while he so that mark committed no error while he thus wrote some things as he remembered thus wrote some things as he remembered thus wrote some things as he remembered them them them for he was careful of one thing not to for he was careful of one thing not to for he was careful of one thing not to omit any of the things which he had omit any of the things which he had omit any of the things which he had heard heard heard and not to state any of them falsely and not to state any of them falsely and not to state any of them falsely these things are these things are these things are related by populist concerning mark related by populist concerning mark related by populist concerning mark but concerning matthew he writes as but concerning matthew he writes as but concerning matthew he writes as follows so then matthew wrote the follows so then matthew wrote the follows so then matthew wrote the oracles in the hebrew language oracles in the hebrew language oracles in the hebrew language and everyone interpreted them as he was and everyone interpreted them as he was and everyone interpreted them as he was able able able and the same writer uses testimonies and the same writer uses testimonies and the same writer uses testimonies from the first epistle of john from the first epistle of john from the first epistle of john and from that of peter likewise and he and from that of peter likewise and he and from that of peter likewise and he relates another story of a woman relates another story of a woman relates another story of a woman who was accused of many sins before the who was accused of many sins before the who was accused of many sins before the lord which is contained in the gospel lord which is contained in the gospel lord which is contained in the gospel according to the hebrews according to the hebrews according to the hebrews these things we have thought it these things we have thought it these things we have thought it necessary to observe in addition to what necessary to observe in addition to what necessary to observe in addition to what has been already stated has been already stated has been already stated end of book 3 part 4.