Justin Martyr - Christian Apologetics 01 c. 140

The First Apology by Justin Martyr, The First Apology by Justin Martyr, translated by Alexander Roberts and translated by Alexander Roberts and translated by Alexander Roberts and James Donaldson. Part one, chapters 1-9. Chapter 1. 1-9. Chapter 1. address to the emperor Titus Elas address to the emperor Titus Elas address to the emperor Titus Elas Adrianus Antonininus Pius Augustus Adrianus Antonininus Pius Augustus Adrianus Antonininus Pius Augustus Caesar and to his son Verissimus the Caesar and to his son Verissimus the Caesar and to his son Verissimus the philosopher and to Lucius the philosopher and to Lucius the philosopher and to Lucius the philosopher the natural son of Caesar philosopher the natural son of Caesar philosopher the natural son of Caesar and the adopted son of Pious a lover of and the adopted son of Pious a lover of and the adopted son of Pious a lover of learning and to the sacred senate with learning and to the sacred senate with learning and to the sacred senate with the whole people of the Romans. I, the whole people of the Romans. I, the whole people of the Romans. I, Justin, the son of Pricius and grandson Justin, the son of Pricius and grandson Justin, the son of Pricius and grandson of Bakius, natives of Flavia Neapolis in of Bakius, natives of Flavia Neapolis in of Bakius, natives of Flavia Neapolis in Palestine, present this address and Palestine, present this address and Palestine, present this address and petition in behalf of those of all petition in behalf of those of all petition in behalf of those of all nations who are unjustly hated and nations who are unjustly hated and nations who are unjustly hated and wantingly abused, myself being one of wantingly abused, myself being one of wantingly abused, myself being one of them. Chapter 2, Justice Demanded. them. Chapter 2, Justice Demanded. them. Chapter 2, Justice Demanded. Reason directs those who are truly pious Reason directs those who are truly pious Reason directs those who are truly pious and philosophical to honor and love only and philosophical to honor and love only and philosophical to honor and love only what is true, declining to follow what is true, declining to follow what is true, declining to follow traditional opinions, if these be traditional opinions, if these be traditional opinions, if these be worthless. For not only does sound worthless. For not only does sound worthless. For not only does sound reason direct us to refuse the guidance reason direct us to refuse the guidance reason direct us to refuse the guidance of those who did or taught anything of those who did or taught anything of those who did or taught anything wrong, but it is incumbent on the lover wrong, but it is incumbent on the lover wrong, but it is incumbent on the lover of truth by all means, and if death be of truth by all means, and if death be of truth by all means, and if death be threatened, even before his own life, to threatened, even before his own life, to threatened, even before his own life, to choose and do and say what is right. Do choose and do and say what is right. Do choose and do and say what is right. Do you then, since ye are called pious and you then, since ye are called pious and you then, since ye are called pious and philosophers, guardians of justice and philosophers, guardians of justice and philosophers, guardians of justice and lovers of learning, give good heed and lovers of learning, give good heed and lovers of learning, give good heed and hearken to my address? And if ye are hearken to my address? And if ye are hearken to my address? And if ye are indeed such, it will be manifested. For indeed such, it will be manifested. For indeed such, it will be manifested. For we have come not to flatter you by this

we have come not to flatter you by this we have come not to flatter you by this writing, nor please you by our address, writing, nor please you by our address, writing, nor please you by our address, but to beg that you pass judgment after but to beg that you pass judgment after but to beg that you pass judgment after an accurate and searching investigation, an accurate and searching investigation, an accurate and searching investigation, not flattered by prejudice or by a not flattered by prejudice or by a not flattered by prejudice or by a desire of pleasing superstitious men, desire of pleasing superstitious men, desire of pleasing superstitious men, nor induced by irrational impulse or nor induced by irrational impulse or nor induced by irrational impulse or evil rumors which have long been evil rumors which have long been evil rumors which have long been prevalent, to give a decision which will prevalent, to give a decision which will prevalent, to give a decision which will prove to be against yourselves. For as prove to be against yourselves. For as prove to be against yourselves. For as for us, we reckon that no evil can be for us, we reckon that no evil can be for us, we reckon that no evil can be done us unless we be convicted as done us unless we be convicted as done us unless we be convicted as evildoers or be proved to be wicked men, evildoers or be proved to be wicked men, evildoers or be proved to be wicked men, and you, you can kill, but not hurt and you, you can kill, but not hurt and you, you can kill, but not hurt us. Chapter 3. Claim of judicial us. Chapter 3. Claim of judicial us. Chapter 3. Claim of judicial investigation. But lest anyone think investigation. But lest anyone think investigation. But lest anyone think that this is an unreasonable and that this is an unreasonable and that this is an unreasonable and reckless utterance, we demand that the reckless utterance, we demand that the reckless utterance, we demand that the charges against the Christians be charges against the Christians be charges against the Christians be investigated, and that if these be investigated, and that if these be investigated, and that if these be substantiated, they be punished as they substantiated, they be punished as they substantiated, they be punished as they deserve. or rather indeed we ourselves deserve. or rather indeed we ourselves deserve. or rather indeed we ourselves will punish them. But if no one can will punish them. But if no one can will punish them. But if no one can convict us of anything, true reason convict us of anything, true reason convict us of anything, true reason forbids you for the sake of a wicked forbids you for the sake of a wicked forbids you for the sake of a wicked rumor to wrong blameless men, and indeed rumor to wrong blameless men, and indeed rumor to wrong blameless men, and indeed rather yourselves, who think fit to rather yourselves, who think fit to rather yourselves, who think fit to direct affairs, not by judgment, but by direct affairs, not by judgment, but by direct affairs, not by judgment, but by passion. and every sober-minded person passion. and every sober-minded person passion. and every sober-minded person will declare this to be the only fair will declare this to be the only fair will declare this to be the only fair and equitable adjustment, namely that and equitable adjustment, namely that and equitable adjustment, namely that the subjects render an unexceptional the subjects render an unexceptional the subjects render an unexceptional account of their own life and doctrine, account of their own life and doctrine, account of their own life and doctrine, and that on the other hand, the rulers and that on the other hand, the rulers and that on the other hand, the rulers should give their decision in obedience, should give their decision in obedience, should give their decision in obedience, not to violence and tyranny, but to not to violence and tyranny, but to not to violence and tyranny, but to piety and philosophy. For thus would piety and philosophy. For thus would piety and philosophy. For thus would both rulers and ruled reap benefit. For

both rulers and ruled reap benefit. For both rulers and ruled reap benefit. For even one of the ancients somewhere said, even one of the ancients somewhere said, even one of the ancients somewhere said, "Unless both rulers and ruled "Unless both rulers and ruled "Unless both rulers and ruled philosophize, it is impossible to make philosophize, it is impossible to make philosophize, it is impossible to make states blessed." It is our task, states blessed." It is our task, states blessed." It is our task, therefore, to afford to all an therefore, to afford to all an therefore, to afford to all an opportunity of inspecting our life and opportunity of inspecting our life and opportunity of inspecting our life and teachings, lest on account of those who teachings, lest on account of those who teachings, lest on account of those who are accustomed to be ignorant of our are accustomed to be ignorant of our are accustomed to be ignorant of our affairs, we should incur the penalty due affairs, we should incur the penalty due affairs, we should incur the penalty due to them for mental blindness. And it is to them for mental blindness. And it is to them for mental blindness. And it is your business, when you hear us, to be your business, when you hear us, to be your business, when you hear us, to be found, as reason demands, good judges. found, as reason demands, good judges. found, as reason demands, good judges. For if, when ye have learned the truth, For if, when ye have learned the truth, For if, when ye have learned the truth, you do not what is just, you will be you do not what is just, you will be you do not what is just, you will be before God without before God without before God without excuse. Chapter 4. Christians unjustly excuse. Chapter 4. Christians unjustly excuse. Chapter 4. Christians unjustly condemned for their mere condemned for their mere condemned for their mere name. By the mere application of a name, name. By the mere application of a name, name. By the mere application of a name, nothing is decided, either good or evil, nothing is decided, either good or evil, nothing is decided, either good or evil, apart from the actions implied in the apart from the actions implied in the apart from the actions implied in the name. And indeed, so far, at least as name. And indeed, so far, at least as name. And indeed, so far, at least as one may judge from the name we are one may judge from the name we are one may judge from the name we are accused of, we are the most excellent accused of, we are the most excellent accused of, we are the most excellent people. But as we do not think it just people. But as we do not think it just people. But as we do not think it just to beg to be acquitted on account of the to beg to be acquitted on account of the to beg to be acquitted on account of the name, if we be convicted as evildoers, name, if we be convicted as evildoers, name, if we be convicted as evildoers, so on the other hand, if we be found to so on the other hand, if we be found to so on the other hand, if we be found to have committed no offense, either in the have committed no offense, either in the have committed no offense, either in the matter of thus naming ourselves, or of matter of thus naming ourselves, or of matter of thus naming ourselves, or of our conduct as citizens, it is your part our conduct as citizens, it is your part our conduct as citizens, it is your part very earnestly to guard against very earnestly to guard against very earnestly to guard against incurring just punishment by unjustly incurring just punishment by unjustly incurring just punishment by unjustly punishing those who are not convicted.

punishing those who are not convicted. punishing those who are not convicted. For from a name neither praise nor For from a name neither praise nor For from a name neither praise nor punishment could reasonably spring, punishment could reasonably spring, punishment could reasonably spring, unless something excellent or base in unless something excellent or base in unless something excellent or base in action be proved. And those among action be proved. And those among action be proved. And those among yourselves who are accused, you do not yourselves who are accused, you do not yourselves who are accused, you do not punish before they are convicted, but in punish before they are convicted, but in punish before they are convicted, but in our case you receive the name as proof our case you receive the name as proof our case you receive the name as proof against us. And this although so far as against us. And this although so far as against us. And this although so far as the name goes, you ought rather to the name goes, you ought rather to the name goes, you ought rather to punish our accusers. For we are accused punish our accusers. For we are accused punish our accusers. For we are accused of being Christians, and to hate what is of being Christians, and to hate what is of being Christians, and to hate what is excellent, Christian, is unjust. Again, excellent, Christian, is unjust. Again, excellent, Christian, is unjust. Again, if any of the accused deny the name and if any of the accused deny the name and if any of the accused deny the name and say that he is not a Christian, you say that he is not a Christian, you say that he is not a Christian, you acquit him as having no evidence against acquit him as having no evidence against acquit him as having no evidence against him as a wrongdoer. But if anyone him as a wrongdoer. But if anyone him as a wrongdoer. But if anyone acknowledged that he is a Christian, you acknowledged that he is a Christian, you acknowledged that he is a Christian, you punish him on account of this punish him on account of this punish him on account of this acknowledgment. Justice requires that acknowledgment. Justice requires that acknowledgment. Justice requires that you inquire into the life both of him you inquire into the life both of him you inquire into the life both of him who confesses and of him who denies, who confesses and of him who denies, who confesses and of him who denies, that by his deeds it may be apparent that by his deeds it may be apparent that by his deeds it may be apparent what kind of man each is. For as some what kind of man each is. For as some what kind of man each is. For as some who have been taught by the master who have been taught by the master who have been taught by the master Christ not to deny him, give Christ not to deny him, give Christ not to deny him, give encouragement to others when they are encouragement to others when they are encouragement to others when they are put to the question, so in all put to the question, so in all put to the question, so in all probability to those who lead wicked probability to those who lead wicked probability to those who lead wicked lives, give occasion to those who lives, give occasion to those who lives, give occasion to those who without consideration take upon them to without consideration take upon them to without consideration take upon them to accuse all the Christians of impiiety accuse all the Christians of impiiety accuse all the Christians of impiiety and wickedness. And this also is not and wickedness. And this also is not and wickedness. And this also is not right. For of philosophy too, some right. For of philosophy too, some right. For of philosophy too, some assume the name and the garb who do assume the name and the garb who do assume the name and the garb who do nothing worthy of their profession. And nothing worthy of their profession. And nothing worthy of their profession. And you are well aware that those of the you are well aware that those of the you are well aware that those of the ancients whose opinions and teachings ancients whose opinions and teachings ancients whose opinions and teachings were quite diverse are yet all called by were quite diverse are yet all called by were quite diverse are yet all called by the one name of the one name of the one name of philosophers. And of these some taught

philosophers. And of these some taught philosophers. And of these some taught atheism. And the poets who have atheism. And the poets who have atheism. And the poets who have flourished among you raise a laugh out flourished among you raise a laugh out flourished among you raise a laugh out of the uncleanness of Jupiter with his of the uncleanness of Jupiter with his of the uncleanness of Jupiter with his own children. And those who now adopt own children. And those who now adopt own children. And those who now adopt such instruction are not restrained by such instruction are not restrained by such instruction are not restrained by you. But on the contrary, you bestow you. But on the contrary, you bestow you. But on the contrary, you bestow prizes and honors upon those who prizes and honors upon those who prizes and honors upon those who euphoniously insult the gods. euphoniously insult the gods. euphoniously insult the gods. Chapter 5. Christians charged with Chapter 5. Christians charged with Chapter 5. Christians charged with atheism. Why then should this be? In our atheism. Why then should this be? In our atheism. Why then should this be? In our case, who pledge ourselves to do no case, who pledge ourselves to do no case, who pledge ourselves to do no wickedness, nor to hold these atheistic wickedness, nor to hold these atheistic wickedness, nor to hold these atheistic opinions, you do not examine the charges opinions, you do not examine the charges opinions, you do not examine the charges made against us, but yielding to made against us, but yielding to made against us, but yielding to unreasoning passion and to the unreasoning passion and to the unreasoning passion and to the instigation of evil demons, you punish instigation of evil demons, you punish instigation of evil demons, you punish us without consideration or judgment. us without consideration or judgment. us without consideration or judgment. For the truth shall be spoken, since of For the truth shall be spoken, since of For the truth shall be spoken, since of old these evil demons, effecting old these evil demons, effecting old these evil demons, effecting apparitions of themselves, both defiled apparitions of themselves, both defiled apparitions of themselves, both defiled women and corrupted boys, and showed women and corrupted boys, and showed women and corrupted boys, and showed such fearful sights to men, that those such fearful sights to men, that those such fearful sights to men, that those who did not use their reason in judging who did not use their reason in judging who did not use their reason in judging of the actions that were done, were of the actions that were done, were of the actions that were done, were struck with terror, and being carried struck with terror, and being carried struck with terror, and being carried away by fear, and not knowing that these away by fear, and not knowing that these away by fear, and not knowing that these were demons, they called them gods, and were demons, they called them gods, and were demons, they called them gods, and gave to each the name which each of the gave to each the name which each of the gave to each the name which each of the demons chose for himself. And when demons chose for himself. And when demons chose for himself. And when Socrates endeavored by true reason and Socrates endeavored by true reason and Socrates endeavored by true reason and examination to bring these things to examination to bring these things to examination to bring these things to light and deliver men from the demons, light and deliver men from the demons, light and deliver men from the demons, then the demons themselves by means of then the demons themselves by means of then the demons themselves by means of men who rejoiced in iniquity compassed men who rejoiced in iniquity compassed men who rejoiced in iniquity compassed his death as an atheist and a profane his death as an atheist and a profane his death as an atheist and a profane person on the charge that he was person on the charge that he was person on the charge that he was introducing new divinities. And in our

introducing new divinities. And in our introducing new divinities. And in our case, they display a similar activity. case, they display a similar activity. case, they display a similar activity. For not only among the Greeks did For not only among the Greeks did For not only among the Greeks did reason, logos, prevail to condemn these reason, logos, prevail to condemn these reason, logos, prevail to condemn these things through Socrates, but also among things through Socrates, but also among things through Socrates, but also among the barbarians were they condemned by the barbarians were they condemned by the barbarians were they condemned by reason or the word the logos himself, reason or the word the logos himself, reason or the word the logos himself, who took shape and became man and was who took shape and became man and was who took shape and became man and was called Jesus Christ. And in obedience to called Jesus Christ. And in obedience to called Jesus Christ. And in obedience to him, we not only deny that they who did him, we not only deny that they who did him, we not only deny that they who did such things as these are gods, but such things as these are gods, but such things as these are gods, but assert that they are wicked and impious assert that they are wicked and impious assert that they are wicked and impious demons whose actions will not bear demons whose actions will not bear demons whose actions will not bear comparison with those even of men comparison with those even of men comparison with those even of men desirous of desirous of desirous of virtue. Chapter 6. Charge of atheism virtue. Chapter 6. Charge of atheism virtue. Chapter 6. Charge of atheism refuted. Hence we are called atheists refuted. Hence we are called atheists refuted. Hence we are called atheists and we confess that we are atheists so and we confess that we are atheists so and we confess that we are atheists so far as the gods of this sort are far as the gods of this sort are far as the gods of this sort are concerned but not with respect to the concerned but not with respect to the concerned but not with respect to the most true God the father of most true God the father of most true God the father of righteousness and temperance and the righteousness and temperance and the righteousness and temperance and the other virtues who is free from all other virtues who is free from all other virtues who is free from all impurity but both him and the son who impurity but both him and the son who impurity but both him and the son who came forth from him and taught us these came forth from him and taught us these came forth from him and taught us these things and the host of the other good things and the host of the other good things and the host of the other good angels who follow and are made like to angels who follow and are made like to angels who follow and are made like to him and the prophetic spirit we worship him and the prophetic spirit we worship him and the prophetic spirit we worship and adore knowing them in reason and and adore knowing them in reason and and adore knowing them in reason and truth and declaring without grudging to truth and declaring without grudging to truth and declaring without grudging to everyone who wishes to learn as we have everyone who wishes to learn as we have everyone who wishes to learn as we have been been been taught. Chapter 7. Each Christian must taught. Chapter 7. Each Christian must taught. Chapter 7. Each Christian must be tried by his own life. But someone be tried by his own life. But someone be tried by his own life. But someone will say, "Some have heir now been will say, "Some have heir now been will say, "Some have heir now been arrested and convicted as evildoers, for arrested and convicted as evildoers, for arrested and convicted as evildoers, for you condemn many, many a time after

you condemn many, many a time after you condemn many, many a time after inquiring into the life of each of the inquiring into the life of each of the inquiring into the life of each of the accused severally, but not on account of accused severally, but not on account of accused severally, but not on account of those of whom we have been speaking." those of whom we have been speaking." those of whom we have been speaking." And this we acknowledge that as among And this we acknowledge that as among And this we acknowledge that as among the Greeks those who teach such theories the Greeks those who teach such theories the Greeks those who teach such theories as please themselves are all called by as please themselves are all called by as please themselves are all called by the one name philosopher. Though their the one name philosopher. Though their the one name philosopher. Though their doctrines be diverse, so also among the doctrines be diverse, so also among the doctrines be diverse, so also among the barbarians, this name on which barbarians, this name on which barbarians, this name on which accusations are accumulated is the accusations are accumulated is the accusations are accumulated is the common property of those who are and common property of those who are and common property of those who are and those who seem wise. For all are called those who seem wise. For all are called those who seem wise. For all are called Christians. Wherefore we demand that the Christians. Wherefore we demand that the Christians. Wherefore we demand that the deeds of all those who are accused to deeds of all those who are accused to deeds of all those who are accused to you be judged in order that each one who you be judged in order that each one who you be judged in order that each one who is convicted may be punished as an is convicted may be punished as an is convicted may be punished as an evildoer and not as a Christian. And if evildoer and not as a Christian. And if evildoer and not as a Christian. And if it is clear that anyone is blameless it is clear that anyone is blameless it is clear that anyone is blameless that he may be acquitted since by the that he may be acquitted since by the that he may be acquitted since by the mere fact of his being a Christian he mere fact of his being a Christian he mere fact of his being a Christian he does no wrong. For we will not require does no wrong. For we will not require does no wrong. For we will not require that you punish our accusers, they being that you punish our accusers, they being that you punish our accusers, they being sufficiently punished by their present sufficiently punished by their present sufficiently punished by their present wickedness and ignorance of what is wickedness and ignorance of what is wickedness and ignorance of what is right. Chapter 8. Christians confess right. Chapter 8. Christians confess right. Chapter 8. Christians confess their faith in their faith in their faith in God. And reckon ye that it is for your God. And reckon ye that it is for your God. And reckon ye that it is for your sakes that we have been saying these sakes that we have been saying these sakes that we have been saying these things. For it is in our power when we things. For it is in our power when we things. For it is in our power when we are examined to deny that we are are examined to deny that we are are examined to deny that we are Christians. But we would not live by Christians. But we would not live by Christians. But we would not live by telling a lie. For impelled by the telling a lie. For impelled by the telling a lie. For impelled by the desire of the eternal and pure life, we desire of the eternal and pure life, we desire of the eternal and pure life, we seek the abode that is with God, the seek the abode that is with God, the seek the abode that is with God, the Father and Creator of all, and hastened Father and Creator of all, and hastened Father and Creator of all, and hastened to confess our faith, persuaded and to confess our faith, persuaded and to confess our faith, persuaded and convinced as we are that they who have convinced as we are that they who have convinced as we are that they who have proved to God by their works that they proved to God by their works that they proved to God by their works that they followed him, and loved to abide with

followed him, and loved to abide with followed him, and loved to abide with him where there is no sin to cause him where there is no sin to cause him where there is no sin to cause disturbance, can obtain these things. disturbance, can obtain these things. disturbance, can obtain these things. This then, to speak shortly, is what we This then, to speak shortly, is what we This then, to speak shortly, is what we expect and have learned from Christ and expect and have learned from Christ and expect and have learned from Christ and teach. And Plato in like manner used to teach. And Plato in like manner used to teach. And Plato in like manner used to say that Radamantthis and Minos would say that Radamantthis and Minos would say that Radamantthis and Minos would punish the wicked who came before them. punish the wicked who came before them. punish the wicked who came before them. And we say that the same thing will be And we say that the same thing will be And we say that the same thing will be done but at the hand of Christ and upon done but at the hand of Christ and upon done but at the hand of Christ and upon the wicked in the same bodies united the wicked in the same bodies united the wicked in the same bodies united again to their spirits which are now to again to their spirits which are now to again to their spirits which are now to undergo everlasting punishment. And not undergo everlasting punishment. And not undergo everlasting punishment. And not only as Plato said for a period of a only as Plato said for a period of a only as Plato said for a period of a thousand years. And if anyone say that thousand years. And if anyone say that thousand years. And if anyone say that this is incredible or impossible, this this is incredible or impossible, this this is incredible or impossible, this error of ours is one which concerns error of ours is one which concerns error of ours is one which concerns ourselves only and no other person, so ourselves only and no other person, so ourselves only and no other person, so long as you cannot convict us of doing long as you cannot convict us of doing long as you cannot convict us of doing any any any harm. Chapter nine. Folly of idol harm. Chapter nine. Folly of idol harm. Chapter nine. Folly of idol worship. And neither do we honor with worship. And neither do we honor with worship. And neither do we honor with many sacrifices and garlands of flowers many sacrifices and garlands of flowers many sacrifices and garlands of flowers such deities as men have formed and set such deities as men have formed and set such deities as men have formed and set in shrines and called gods, since we see in shrines and called gods, since we see in shrines and called gods, since we see that these are soulless and dead, and that these are soulless and dead, and that these are soulless and dead, and have not the form of God. For we do not have not the form of God. For we do not have not the form of God. For we do not consider that God has such a form as consider that God has such a form as consider that God has such a form as some say that they imitate to his honor, some say that they imitate to his honor, some say that they imitate to his honor, but have the names and forms of those but have the names and forms of those but have the names and forms of those wicked demons which have appeared. For wicked demons which have appeared. For wicked demons which have appeared. For why need we tell you who already know why need we tell you who already know why need we tell you who already know into what forms the craftsmen carving into what forms the craftsmen carving into what forms the craftsmen carving and cutting, casting and hammering and cutting, casting and hammering and cutting, casting and hammering fashion the materials? And often out of fashion the materials? And often out of fashion the materials? And often out of vessels of dishonor, by merely changing vessels of dishonor, by merely changing vessels of dishonor, by merely changing the form and making an image of the

the form and making an image of the the form and making an image of the requisite shape, they make what they requisite shape, they make what they requisite shape, they make what they call a god, which we consider not only call a god, which we consider not only call a god, which we consider not only senseless, but to be even insulting to senseless, but to be even insulting to senseless, but to be even insulting to God, who having ineffable glory and God, who having ineffable glory and God, who having ineffable glory and form, thus gets his name attached to form, thus gets his name attached to form, thus gets his name attached to things that are corruptible and require things that are corruptible and require things that are corruptible and require constant service. and that the constant service. and that the constant service. and that the artificers of these are both inmperate artificers of these are both inmperate artificers of these are both inmperate and not to enter into particulars are and not to enter into particulars are and not to enter into particulars are practiced in every vice. You very well practiced in every vice. You very well practiced in every vice. You very well know even their own girls who work along know even their own girls who work along know even their own girls who work along with them they corrupt. What infatuation with them they corrupt. What infatuation with them they corrupt. What infatuation that dissolute men should be said to that dissolute men should be said to that dissolute men should be said to fashion and make gods for your worship, fashion and make gods for your worship, fashion and make gods for your worship, and that you should appoint such men the and that you should appoint such men the and that you should appoint such men the guardians of the temples where they are guardians of the temples where they are guardians of the temples where they are enshrined, not recognizing that it is enshrined, not recognizing that it is enshrined, not recognizing that it is unlawful even to think or say that men unlawful even to think or say that men unlawful even to think or say that men are the guardians of are the guardians of are the guardians of gods. Chapter 10. How God is to be gods. Chapter 10. How God is to be gods. Chapter 10. How God is to be served. But we have received by served. But we have received by served. But we have received by tradition that God does not need the tradition that God does not need the tradition that God does not need the material offerings which men can give, material offerings which men can give, material offerings which men can give, seeing indeed that he himself is the seeing indeed that he himself is the seeing indeed that he himself is the provider of all things. And we have been provider of all things. And we have been provider of all things. And we have been taught and are convinced and do believe taught and are convinced and do believe taught and are convinced and do believe that he accepts those only who imitate that he accepts those only who imitate that he accepts those only who imitate the excellences which reside in him, the excellences which reside in him, the excellences which reside in him, temperance and justice and philanthropy temperance and justice and philanthropy temperance and justice and philanthropy and as many virtues as are peculiar to a and as many virtues as are peculiar to a and as many virtues as are peculiar to a god who is called by no proper name. And god who is called by no proper name. And god who is called by no proper name. And we have been taught that he in the we have been taught that he in the we have been taught that he in the beginning did of his goodness for man's beginning did of his goodness for man's beginning did of his goodness for man's sake create all things out of unformed sake create all things out of unformed sake create all things out of unformed matter. And if men by their works show matter. And if men by their works show matter. And if men by their works show themselves worthy of this his design,

themselves worthy of this his design, themselves worthy of this his design, they are deemed worthy. And so we have they are deemed worthy. And so we have they are deemed worthy. And so we have received of reigning in company with received of reigning in company with received of reigning in company with him, being delivered from corruption and him, being delivered from corruption and him, being delivered from corruption and suffering. For as in the beginning he suffering. For as in the beginning he suffering. For as in the beginning he created us when we were not, so do we created us when we were not, so do we created us when we were not, so do we consider that in like manner, those who consider that in like manner, those who consider that in like manner, those who choose what is pleasing to him are on choose what is pleasing to him are on choose what is pleasing to him are on account of their choice deemed worthy of account of their choice deemed worthy of account of their choice deemed worthy of incorruption and of fellowship with him. incorruption and of fellowship with him. incorruption and of fellowship with him. For the coming into being at first was For the coming into being at first was For the coming into being at first was not in our own power, and in order that not in our own power, and in order that not in our own power, and in order that we may follow those things which please we may follow those things which please we may follow those things which please him, choosing them by means of the him, choosing them by means of the him, choosing them by means of the rational faculties he has himself rational faculties he has himself rational faculties he has himself endowed us with, he both persuades us endowed us with, he both persuades us endowed us with, he both persuades us and leads us to faith. And we think it and leads us to faith. And we think it and leads us to faith. And we think it for the advantage of all men that they for the advantage of all men that they for the advantage of all men that they are not restrained from learning these are not restrained from learning these are not restrained from learning these things, but are even urged thereto. For things, but are even urged thereto. For things, but are even urged thereto. For the restraint which human laws could not the restraint which human laws could not the restraint which human laws could not effect, the word in as much as he is effect, the word in as much as he is effect, the word in as much as he is divine, would have effected, had not the divine, would have effected, had not the divine, would have effected, had not the wicked demons, taking as their ally the wicked demons, taking as their ally the wicked demons, taking as their ally the lust of wickedness which is in every lust of wickedness which is in every lust of wickedness which is in every man, and which draws variously to all man, and which draws variously to all man, and which draws variously to all manner of vice, scattered many false and manner of vice, scattered many false and manner of vice, scattered many false and profane accusations, none of which profane accusations, none of which profane accusations, none of which attached to us.

attached to us. attached to us. Chapter 11. What kingdom Christians look Chapter 11. What kingdom Christians look Chapter 11. What kingdom Christians look for. And when you hear that we look for for. And when you hear that we look for for. And when you hear that we look for a kingdom, you suppose without making a kingdom, you suppose without making a kingdom, you suppose without making any inquiry that we speak of a human any inquiry that we speak of a human any inquiry that we speak of a human kingdom. Whereas we speak of that which kingdom. Whereas we speak of that which kingdom. Whereas we speak of that which is with God, as appears also from the is with God, as appears also from the is with God, as appears also from the confession of their faith made by those confession of their faith made by those confession of their faith made by those who are charged with being Christians, who are charged with being Christians, who are charged with being Christians, though they know that death is the though they know that death is the though they know that death is the punishment awarded to him who so punishment awarded to him who so punishment awarded to him who so confesses. For if we looked for a human confesses. For if we looked for a human confesses. For if we looked for a human kingdom, we should also deny our Christ, kingdom, we should also deny our Christ, kingdom, we should also deny our Christ, that we might not be slain, and we that we might not be slain, and we that we might not be slain, and we should strive to escape detection, that should strive to escape detection, that should strive to escape detection, that we might obtain what we expect. But we might obtain what we expect. But we might obtain what we expect. But since our thoughts are not fixed on the since our thoughts are not fixed on the since our thoughts are not fixed on the present, we are not concerned when men present, we are not concerned when men present, we are not concerned when men cut us off, since also death is a debt cut us off, since also death is a debt cut us off, since also death is a debt which must at all events be which must at all events be which must at all events be paid. Chapter 12. Christians live as paid. Chapter 12. Christians live as paid. Chapter 12. Christians live as under God's under God's under God's eye. And more than all other men are we eye. And more than all other men are we eye. And more than all other men are we your helpers and allies in promoting your helpers and allies in promoting your helpers and allies in promoting peace, seeing that we hold this view peace, seeing that we hold this view peace, seeing that we hold this view that it is alike impossible for the that it is alike impossible for the that it is alike impossible for the wicked, the covetous, the conspirator, wicked, the covetous, the conspirator, wicked, the covetous, the conspirator, and for the virtuous to escape the and for the virtuous to escape the and for the virtuous to escape the notice of God, and that each man goes to notice of God, and that each man goes to notice of God, and that each man goes to everlasting punishment or salvation everlasting punishment or salvation everlasting punishment or salvation according to the value of his actions.

according to the value of his actions. according to the value of his actions. For if all men knew this, no one would For if all men knew this, no one would For if all men knew this, no one would choose wickedness even for a little, choose wickedness even for a little, choose wickedness even for a little, knowing that he goes to the everlasting knowing that he goes to the everlasting knowing that he goes to the everlasting punishment of fire, but would by all punishment of fire, but would by all punishment of fire, but would by all means restrain himself and adorn himself means restrain himself and adorn himself means restrain himself and adorn himself with virtue, that he might obtain the with virtue, that he might obtain the with virtue, that he might obtain the good gifts of God, and escape the good gifts of God, and escape the good gifts of God, and escape the punishments. For those who, on account punishments. For those who, on account punishments. For those who, on account of the laws and punishments you impose, of the laws and punishments you impose, of the laws and punishments you impose, endeavor to escape detection when they endeavor to escape detection when they endeavor to escape detection when they offend, and they offend too, under the offend, and they offend too, under the offend, and they offend too, under the impression that it is quite possible to impression that it is quite possible to impression that it is quite possible to escape your detection, since you are but escape your detection, since you are but escape your detection, since you are but men, those persons, if they learned and men, those persons, if they learned and men, those persons, if they learned and were convinced that nothing, whether were convinced that nothing, whether were convinced that nothing, whether actually done or only intended, can actually done or only intended, can actually done or only intended, can escape the knowledge of God, would by escape the knowledge of God, would by escape the knowledge of God, would by all means live decently on account of all means live decently on account of all means live decently on account of the penalties threatened, as even you the penalties threatened, as even you the penalties threatened, as even you yourselves will admit. But you seem to yourselves will admit. But you seem to yourselves will admit. But you seem to fear, lest all men become righteous, and fear, lest all men become righteous, and fear, lest all men become righteous, and you no longer have any to punish. Such you no longer have any to punish. Such you no longer have any to punish. Such would be the concern of public would be the concern of public would be the concern of public executioners, but not of good princes. executioners, but not of good princes. executioners, but not of good princes. But, as we before said, we are persuaded But, as we before said, we are persuaded But, as we before said, we are persuaded that these things are prompted by evil that these things are prompted by evil that these things are prompted by evil spirits, who demand sacrifices and spirits, who demand sacrifices and spirits, who demand sacrifices and service, even from those who live service, even from those who live service, even from those who live unreasonably. But as for you, we presume unreasonably. But as for you, we presume unreasonably. But as for you, we presume that you who aim at a reputation for that you who aim at a reputation for that you who aim at a reputation for piety and philosophy will do nothing piety and philosophy will do nothing piety and philosophy will do nothing unreasonable.

unreasonable. unreasonable. But if you also, like the foolish, But if you also, like the foolish, But if you also, like the foolish, prefer custom to truth, do what you have prefer custom to truth, do what you have prefer custom to truth, do what you have power to do. But just so much power have power to do. But just so much power have power to do. But just so much power have rulers who esteem opinion more than rulers who esteem opinion more than rulers who esteem opinion more than truth, as robbers have in a desert, and truth, as robbers have in a desert, and truth, as robbers have in a desert, and that you will not succeed is declared by that you will not succeed is declared by that you will not succeed is declared by the word, than whom after God who begat the word, than whom after God who begat the word, than whom after God who begat him, we know there is no ruler more him, we know there is no ruler more him, we know there is no ruler more kingly and just. For as all shrink from kingly and just. For as all shrink from kingly and just. For as all shrink from succeeding to the poverty or sufferings succeeding to the poverty or sufferings succeeding to the poverty or sufferings or obscurity of their fathers, so or obscurity of their fathers, so or obscurity of their fathers, so whatever the word forbids us to choose, whatever the word forbids us to choose, whatever the word forbids us to choose, the sensible man will not choose. That the sensible man will not choose. That the sensible man will not choose. That all these things should come to pass. I all these things should come to pass. I all these things should come to pass. I say, our teacher foretold, he who is say, our teacher foretold, he who is say, our teacher foretold, he who is both son and apostle of God the Father both son and apostle of God the Father both son and apostle of God the Father of all, and the ruler Jesus Christ, from of all, and the ruler Jesus Christ, from of all, and the ruler Jesus Christ, from whom also we have the name of whom also we have the name of whom also we have the name of Christians. Whence we become more Christians. Whence we become more Christians. Whence we become more assured of all the things he taught us. assured of all the things he taught us. assured of all the things he taught us. Since whatever he beforehand foretold Since whatever he beforehand foretold Since whatever he beforehand foretold should come to pass is seen in fact should come to pass is seen in fact should come to pass is seen in fact coming to pass. And this is the work of coming to pass. And this is the work of coming to pass. And this is the work of God to tell of a thing before it happens God to tell of a thing before it happens God to tell of a thing before it happens and as it was foretold so to show it and as it was foretold so to show it and as it was foretold so to show it happening. It were possible to pause happening. It were possible to pause happening. It were possible to pause here and add no more reckoning that we here and add no more reckoning that we here and add no more reckoning that we demand what is just and true. But demand what is just and true. But demand what is just and true. But because we are well aware that it is not because we are well aware that it is not because we are well aware that it is not easy suddenly to change a mind possessed easy suddenly to change a mind possessed easy suddenly to change a mind possessed by ignorance, we intend to add a few by ignorance, we intend to add a few by ignorance, we intend to add a few things for the sake of persuading those things for the sake of persuading those things for the sake of persuading those who love the truth, knowing that it is who love the truth, knowing that it is who love the truth, knowing that it is not impossible to put ignorance to not impossible to put ignorance to not impossible to put ignorance to flight by presenting the flight by presenting the flight by presenting the truth. Chapter 13. Christians serve God truth. Chapter 13. Christians serve God truth. Chapter 13. Christians serve God rationally.

rationally. rationally. What sober-minded man then will not What sober-minded man then will not What sober-minded man then will not acknowledge that we are not atheists, acknowledge that we are not atheists, acknowledge that we are not atheists, worshiping as we do the maker of this worshiping as we do the maker of this worshiping as we do the maker of this universe, and declaring as we have been universe, and declaring as we have been universe, and declaring as we have been taught, that he has no need of streams taught, that he has no need of streams taught, that he has no need of streams of blood and libations and incense, whom of blood and libations and incense, whom of blood and libations and incense, whom we praise to the utmost of our power by we praise to the utmost of our power by we praise to the utmost of our power by the exercise of prayer and thanksgiving the exercise of prayer and thanksgiving the exercise of prayer and thanksgiving for all things wherewith we are for all things wherewith we are for all things wherewith we are supplied. As we have been taught that supplied. As we have been taught that supplied. As we have been taught that the only honor that is worthy of him is the only honor that is worthy of him is the only honor that is worthy of him is not to consume by fire what he has not to consume by fire what he has not to consume by fire what he has brought into being for our sustenance, brought into being for our sustenance, brought into being for our sustenance, but to use it for ourselves and those but to use it for ourselves and those but to use it for ourselves and those who need and with gratitude to him to who need and with gratitude to him to who need and with gratitude to him to offer thanks by invocations and hymns offer thanks by invocations and hymns offer thanks by invocations and hymns for our creation and for all the means for our creation and for all the means for our creation and for all the means of health and for the various qualities of health and for the various qualities of health and for the various qualities of the different kinds of things and for of the different kinds of things and for of the different kinds of things and for the changes of the seasons. And to the changes of the seasons. And to the changes of the seasons. And to present before him petitions for our present before him petitions for our present before him petitions for our existing again in incorruption through existing again in incorruption through existing again in incorruption through faith in him. Our teacher of these faith in him. Our teacher of these faith in him. Our teacher of these things is Jesus Christ, who also was things is Jesus Christ, who also was things is Jesus Christ, who also was born for this purpose, and was crucified born for this purpose, and was crucified born for this purpose, and was crucified under Pontius Pilate, procurator of under Pontius Pilate, procurator of under Pontius Pilate, procurator of Judea, in the times of Tiberius Caesar, Judea, in the times of Tiberius Caesar, Judea, in the times of Tiberius Caesar, and that we reasonably worship him, and that we reasonably worship him, and that we reasonably worship him, having learned that he is the son of the having learned that he is the son of the having learned that he is the son of the true God himself, and holding him in the true God himself, and holding him in the true God himself, and holding him in the second place, and the prophetic spirit second place, and the prophetic spirit second place, and the prophetic spirit in the third, we will prove. For they in the third, we will prove. For they in the third, we will prove. For they proclaim our madness to consist in this, proclaim our madness to consist in this, proclaim our madness to consist in this, that we give to a crucified man a place that we give to a crucified man a place that we give to a crucified man a place second to the unchangeable and eternal second to the unchangeable and eternal second to the unchangeable and eternal God, the creator of all. For they do not God, the creator of all. For they do not God, the creator of all. For they do not discern the mystery that is herein, to discern the mystery that is herein, to discern the mystery that is herein, to which, as we make it plain to you, we

which, as we make it plain to you, we which, as we make it plain to you, we pray you to give pray you to give pray you to give heed. Chapter 14. The demons heed. Chapter 14. The demons heed. Chapter 14. The demons misrepresent Christian doctrine. misrepresent Christian doctrine. misrepresent Christian doctrine. For we forewarn you to be on your guard, For we forewarn you to be on your guard, For we forewarn you to be on your guard, lest those demons whom we have been lest those demons whom we have been lest those demons whom we have been accusing should deceive you and quite accusing should deceive you and quite accusing should deceive you and quite divert you from reading and divert you from reading and divert you from reading and understanding what we say. For they understanding what we say. For they understanding what we say. For they strive to hold you their slaves and strive to hold you their slaves and strive to hold you their slaves and servants, and sometimes by appearances servants, and sometimes by appearances servants, and sometimes by appearances in dreams, and sometimes by magical in dreams, and sometimes by magical in dreams, and sometimes by magical impositions they subdue all who make no impositions they subdue all who make no impositions they subdue all who make no strong opposing effort for their own strong opposing effort for their own strong opposing effort for their own salvation. And thus do we also, since salvation. And thus do we also, since salvation. And thus do we also, since our persuasion by the word, stand aloof our persuasion by the word, stand aloof our persuasion by the word, stand aloof from them, i.e. the demons and follow from them, i.e. the demons and follow from them, i.e. the demons and follow the only unbegotten God through his son. the only unbegotten God through his son. the only unbegotten God through his son. We who formerly delighted in fornication We who formerly delighted in fornication We who formerly delighted in fornication but now embraced chastity alone. We who but now embraced chastity alone. We who but now embraced chastity alone. We who formerly used magical arts dedicate formerly used magical arts dedicate formerly used magical arts dedicate ourselves to the good and unbegotten ourselves to the good and unbegotten ourselves to the good and unbegotten God. We who valued above all things the God. We who valued above all things the God. We who valued above all things the acquisition of wealth and possessions acquisition of wealth and possessions acquisition of wealth and possessions now bring what we have into a common now bring what we have into a common now bring what we have into a common stock and communicate to everyone in stock and communicate to everyone in stock and communicate to everyone in need. We who hated and destroyed one need. We who hated and destroyed one need. We who hated and destroyed one another, and on account of their another, and on account of their another, and on account of their different manners, would not live with different manners, would not live with different manners, would not live with men of a different tribe, now since the men of a different tribe, now since the men of a different tribe, now since the coming of Christ, live familiarly with coming of Christ, live familiarly with coming of Christ, live familiarly with them, and pray for our enemies, and them, and pray for our enemies, and them, and pray for our enemies, and endeavor to persuade those who hate us endeavor to persuade those who hate us endeavor to persuade those who hate us unjustly, to live conformably to the unjustly, to live conformably to the unjustly, to live conformably to the good precepts of Christ, to the end, good precepts of Christ, to the end, good precepts of Christ, to the end, that they may become partakers with us that they may become partakers with us that they may become partakers with us of the same joyful hope of a reward from of the same joyful hope of a reward from of the same joyful hope of a reward from God, the ruler of all. But lest we God, the ruler of all. But lest we God, the ruler of all. But lest we should seem to be reasoning

should seem to be reasoning should seem to be reasoning sophistically, we consider it right sophistically, we consider it right sophistically, we consider it right before giving you the promised before giving you the promised before giving you the promised explanation to cite a few precepts given explanation to cite a few precepts given explanation to cite a few precepts given by Christ himself. And be it yours as by Christ himself. And be it yours as by Christ himself. And be it yours as powerful rulers to inquire whether we powerful rulers to inquire whether we powerful rulers to inquire whether we have been taught and do teach these have been taught and do teach these have been taught and do teach these things truly. Brief and concise things truly. Brief and concise things truly. Brief and concise utterances fell from him, for he was no utterances fell from him, for he was no utterances fell from him, for he was no sophist, but his word was the power of sophist, but his word was the power of sophist, but his word was the power of God. Chapter 15. what Christ himself God. Chapter 15. what Christ himself God. Chapter 15. what Christ himself taught concerning chastity. He uttered taught concerning chastity. He uttered taught concerning chastity. He uttered such sentiments as these. Whosoever such sentiments as these. Whosoever such sentiments as these. Whosoever lookth upon a woman to lust after her, lookth upon a woman to lust after her, lookth upon a woman to lust after her, hath committed adultery with her already hath committed adultery with her already hath committed adultery with her already in his heart before God. And if thy in his heart before God. And if thy in his heart before God. And if thy right eye offend thee, cut it out. For right eye offend thee, cut it out. For right eye offend thee, cut it out. For it is better for thee to enter into the it is better for thee to enter into the it is better for thee to enter into the kingdom of heaven with one eye, than kingdom of heaven with one eye, than kingdom of heaven with one eye, than having two eyes, to be cast into having two eyes, to be cast into having two eyes, to be cast into everlasting fire. And whosoever shall everlasting fire. And whosoever shall everlasting fire. And whosoever shall marry her that is divorced from another marry her that is divorced from another marry her that is divorced from another husband committh adultery. And there are husband committh adultery. And there are husband committh adultery. And there are some who have been made unix of men and some who have been made unix of men and some who have been made unix of men and some who were born unix and some who some who were born unix and some who some who were born unix and some who have made themselves unix for the have made themselves unix for the have made themselves unix for the kingdom of heaven's sake. But all cannot kingdom of heaven's sake. But all cannot kingdom of heaven's sake. But all cannot receive this saying. So that all who by receive this saying. So that all who by receive this saying. So that all who by human law are twice married are in the human law are twice married are in the human law are twice married are in the eye of our master sinners and those who eye of our master sinners and those who eye of our master sinners and those who look upon a woman to lust after her. For look upon a woman to lust after her. For look upon a woman to lust after her. For not only he who in act commits adultery not only he who in act commits adultery not only he who in act commits adultery is rejected by him, but also he who is rejected by him, but also he who is rejected by him, but also he who desires to commit adultery, since not desires to commit adultery, since not desires to commit adultery, since not only our works, but also our thoughts only our works, but also our thoughts only our works, but also our thoughts are open before God. And many, both men

are open before God. And many, both men are open before God. And many, both men and women, who have been Christ's and women, who have been Christ's and women, who have been Christ's disciples from childhood, remain pure at disciples from childhood, remain pure at disciples from childhood, remain pure at the age of 60 or 70 years. And I boasted the age of 60 or 70 years. And I boasted the age of 60 or 70 years. And I boasted I could produce such from every race of I could produce such from every race of I could produce such from every race of men. For what shall I say too of the men. For what shall I say too of the men. For what shall I say too of the countless multitude of those who have countless multitude of those who have countless multitude of those who have reformed in temperate habits and learned reformed in temperate habits and learned reformed in temperate habits and learned these things? For Christ called not the these things? For Christ called not the these things? For Christ called not the just nor the chasteed to repentance, but just nor the chasteed to repentance, but just nor the chasteed to repentance, but the ungodly and the lentious and the the ungodly and the lentious and the the ungodly and the lentious and the unjust. His words being, I came not to unjust. His words being, I came not to unjust. His words being, I came not to call the righteous, but sinners to call the righteous, but sinners to call the righteous, but sinners to repentance. For the heavenly father repentance. For the heavenly father repentance. For the heavenly father desires rather the repentance than the desires rather the repentance than the desires rather the repentance than the punishment of the sinner. And of our punishment of the sinner. And of our punishment of the sinner. And of our love to all, he taught thus. If ye love love to all, he taught thus. If ye love love to all, he taught thus. If ye love them that love you, what new thing do them that love you, what new thing do them that love you, what new thing do ye? For even fornicators do this. But I ye? For even fornicators do this. But I ye? For even fornicators do this. But I say unto you, pray for your enemies, and say unto you, pray for your enemies, and say unto you, pray for your enemies, and love them that hate you, and bless them love them that hate you, and bless them love them that hate you, and bless them that curse you, and pray for them that that curse you, and pray for them that that curse you, and pray for them that despitefully use you. And that we should despitefully use you. And that we should despitefully use you. And that we should communicate to the needy, and do nothing communicate to the needy, and do nothing communicate to the needy, and do nothing for glory. He said, "Give to him that for glory. He said, "Give to him that for glory. He said, "Give to him that askketh, and from him that would borrow, askketh, and from him that would borrow, askketh, and from him that would borrow, turn not away. For if ye lend to them of turn not away. For if ye lend to them of turn not away. For if ye lend to them of whom ye hope to receive, what new thing whom ye hope to receive, what new thing whom ye hope to receive, what new thing do ye, even the publicans do this? Lay do ye, even the publicans do this? Lay do ye, even the publicans do this? Lay not up for yourselves treasure upon not up for yourselves treasure upon not up for yourselves treasure upon earth, where moth and rust doth corrupt, earth, where moth and rust doth corrupt, earth, where moth and rust doth corrupt, and where robbers break through, but lay and where robbers break through, but lay and where robbers break through, but lay up for yourselves treasure in heaven, up for yourselves treasure in heaven, up for yourselves treasure in heaven, where neither moth nor rust doth where neither moth nor rust doth where neither moth nor rust doth corrupt? For what is a man profited, if corrupt? For what is a man profited, if corrupt? For what is a man profited, if he should gain the whole world, and lose he should gain the whole world, and lose he should gain the whole world, and lose his own soul? Or what shall a man give his own soul? Or what shall a man give his own soul? Or what shall a man give in exchange for it? Lay up treasure

in exchange for it? Lay up treasure in exchange for it? Lay up treasure therefore in heaven where neither moth therefore in heaven where neither moth therefore in heaven where neither moth nor rust doth corrupt. And be ye kind nor rust doth corrupt. And be ye kind nor rust doth corrupt. And be ye kind and merciful, as your father also is and merciful, as your father also is and merciful, as your father also is kind and merciful, and maketh his son to kind and merciful, and maketh his son to kind and merciful, and maketh his son to rise on sinners and the righteous and rise on sinners and the righteous and rise on sinners and the righteous and the wicked. Take no thought what ye the wicked. Take no thought what ye the wicked. Take no thought what ye shall eat, or what ye shall put on. Are shall eat, or what ye shall put on. Are shall eat, or what ye shall put on. Are ye not better than the birds and the ye not better than the birds and the ye not better than the birds and the beasts, and God feedth them. Take no beasts, and God feedth them. Take no beasts, and God feedth them. Take no thought, therefore, what ye shall eat, thought, therefore, what ye shall eat, thought, therefore, what ye shall eat, or what ye shall put on, for your or what ye shall put on, for your or what ye shall put on, for your heavenly Father knoweth that ye have heavenly Father knoweth that ye have heavenly Father knoweth that ye have need of these things, but seek ye the need of these things, but seek ye the need of these things, but seek ye the kingdom of heaven, and all these things kingdom of heaven, and all these things kingdom of heaven, and all these things shall be added unto you. For where his shall be added unto you. For where his shall be added unto you. For where his treasure is, there also is the mind of a treasure is, there also is the mind of a treasure is, there also is the mind of a man, and do not these things to be seen man, and do not these things to be seen man, and do not these things to be seen of men, otherwise ye have no reward from of men, otherwise ye have no reward from of men, otherwise ye have no reward from your father, which is in your father, which is in your father, which is in heaven. Chapter 16. Concerning patience heaven. Chapter 16. Concerning patience heaven. Chapter 16. Concerning patience and and and swearing, and concerning our being swearing, and concerning our being swearing, and concerning our being patient of injuries, and ready to serve patient of injuries, and ready to serve patient of injuries, and ready to serve all, and free from anger, this is what all, and free from anger, this is what all, and free from anger, this is what he said. To him that smiteth thee on the he said. To him that smiteth thee on the he said. To him that smiteth thee on the one cheek, offer also the other. And him one cheek, offer also the other. And him one cheek, offer also the other. And him that taketh away thy cloak or coat, that taketh away thy cloak or coat, that taketh away thy cloak or coat, forbid not. And whosoever shall be angry forbid not. And whosoever shall be angry forbid not. And whosoever shall be angry is in danger of the fire. And everyone is in danger of the fire. And everyone is in danger of the fire. And everyone that compelth thee to go with him a that compelth thee to go with him a that compelth thee to go with him a mile, follow him too. and let your good mile, follow him too. and let your good mile, follow him too. and let your good works shine before men, that they seeing works shine before men, that they seeing works shine before men, that they seeing them may glorify your Father which is in them may glorify your Father which is in them may glorify your Father which is in heaven. For we ought not to strive, heaven. For we ought not to strive, heaven. For we ought not to strive, neither has he desired us to be neither has he desired us to be neither has he desired us to be imitators of wicked men, but he has

imitators of wicked men, but he has imitators of wicked men, but he has exhorted us to lead all men by patience exhorted us to lead all men by patience exhorted us to lead all men by patience and gentleness from shame and the love and gentleness from shame and the love and gentleness from shame and the love of evil. And this indeed is proved in of evil. And this indeed is proved in of evil. And this indeed is proved in the case of many who once were of your the case of many who once were of your the case of many who once were of your way of thinking, but have changed their way of thinking, but have changed their way of thinking, but have changed their violent and tyrannical disposition, violent and tyrannical disposition, violent and tyrannical disposition, being overcome either by the constancy being overcome either by the constancy being overcome either by the constancy which they have witnessed in their which they have witnessed in their which they have witnessed in their neighbors lives, or by the extraordinary neighbors lives, or by the extraordinary neighbors lives, or by the extraordinary forbearance they have observed in their forbearance they have observed in their forbearance they have observed in their fellow travelers when defrauded, or by fellow travelers when defrauded, or by fellow travelers when defrauded, or by the honesty of those with whom they have the honesty of those with whom they have the honesty of those with whom they have transacted transacted transacted business. And with regard to our not business. And with regard to our not business. And with regard to our not swearing at all, and always speaking the swearing at all, and always speaking the swearing at all, and always speaking the truth, he enjoined as follows. Swear not truth, he enjoined as follows. Swear not truth, he enjoined as follows. Swear not at all, but let your yay be yay, and at all, but let your yay be yay, and at all, but let your yay be yay, and your nay nay. For whatsoever is more your nay nay. For whatsoever is more your nay nay. For whatsoever is more than these cometh of evil, and that we than these cometh of evil, and that we than these cometh of evil, and that we ought to worship God alone, he thus ought to worship God alone, he thus ought to worship God alone, he thus persuaded us. The greatest commandment persuaded us. The greatest commandment persuaded us. The greatest commandment is, "Thou shalt worship the Lord thy is, "Thou shalt worship the Lord thy is, "Thou shalt worship the Lord thy God, and him only shalt thou serve, with God, and him only shalt thou serve, with God, and him only shalt thou serve, with all thy heart, and with all thy all thy heart, and with all thy all thy heart, and with all thy strength, the Lord God that made thee." strength, the Lord God that made thee." strength, the Lord God that made thee." And when a certain man came to him, and And when a certain man came to him, and And when a certain man came to him, and said, "Good, Master," he answered and said, "Good, Master," he answered and said, "Good, Master," he answered and said, "There is none good but God only, said, "There is none good but God only, said, "There is none good but God only, who made all things. And let those who who made all things. And let those who who made all things. And let those who are not found living as he taught, be are not found living as he taught, be are not found living as he taught, be understood to be no Christians, even understood to be no Christians, even understood to be no Christians, even though they profess with the lip the though they profess with the lip the though they profess with the lip the precepts of Christ. For not those who precepts of Christ. For not those who precepts of Christ. For not those who make profession, but those who do the make profession, but those who do the make profession, but those who do the works shall be saved according to his works shall be saved according to his works shall be saved according to his word. Not everyone who saith to me, word. Not everyone who saith to me, word. Not everyone who saith to me, Lord, Lord, shall enter into the kingdom Lord, Lord, shall enter into the kingdom Lord, Lord, shall enter into the kingdom of heaven, but he that doeth the will of

of heaven, but he that doeth the will of of heaven, but he that doeth the will of my father which is in heaven. For my father which is in heaven. For my father which is in heaven. For whosoever heareth me and doeth my whosoever heareth me and doeth my whosoever heareth me and doeth my sayings heareth him that sent me. And sayings heareth him that sent me. And sayings heareth him that sent me. And many will say unto me, Lord, Lord, have many will say unto me, Lord, Lord, have many will say unto me, Lord, Lord, have we not eaten and drunk in thy name, and we not eaten and drunk in thy name, and we not eaten and drunk in thy name, and done wonders? And then will I say unto done wonders? And then will I say unto done wonders? And then will I say unto them, Depart from me, ye workers of them, Depart from me, ye workers of them, Depart from me, ye workers of iniquity. Then shall there be wailing iniquity. Then shall there be wailing iniquity. Then shall there be wailing and nashing of teeth. When the righteous and nashing of teeth. When the righteous and nashing of teeth. When the righteous shall shine as the sun, and the wicked shall shine as the sun, and the wicked shall shine as the sun, and the wicked are sent into everlasting fire. For many are sent into everlasting fire. For many are sent into everlasting fire. For many shall come in my name, clothed outwardly shall come in my name, clothed outwardly shall come in my name, clothed outwardly in sheep's clothing, but inwardly being in sheep's clothing, but inwardly being in sheep's clothing, but inwardly being ravening wolves. By their works ye shall ravening wolves. By their works ye shall ravening wolves. By their works ye shall know them. And every tree that bringeth know them. And every tree that bringeth know them. And every tree that bringeth not forth good fruit is heuned down and not forth good fruit is heuned down and not forth good fruit is heuned down and cast into the fire. And as to those who cast into the fire. And as to those who cast into the fire. And as to those who are not living pursuant to these his are not living pursuant to these his are not living pursuant to these his teachings, and are Christians only in teachings, and are Christians only in teachings, and are Christians only in name, we demand that all such be name, we demand that all such be name, we demand that all such be punished by punished by punished by you. Chapter 17. Christ taught civil you. Chapter 17. Christ taught civil you. Chapter 17. Christ taught civil obedience. And everywhere we more obedience. And everywhere we more obedience. And everywhere we more readily than all men, endeavor to pay to readily than all men, endeavor to pay to readily than all men, endeavor to pay to those appointed by you the taxes, both those appointed by you the taxes, both those appointed by you the taxes, both ordinary and extraordinary, as we have ordinary and extraordinary, as we have ordinary and extraordinary, as we have been taught by him. For at that time been taught by him. For at that time been taught by him. For at that time some came to him and asked him if one some came to him and asked him if one some came to him and asked him if one ought to pay tribute to Caesar. And he ought to pay tribute to Caesar. And he ought to pay tribute to Caesar. And he answered, "Tell me, whose image does the answered, "Tell me, whose image does the answered, "Tell me, whose image does the coin bear?" And they said, "Caesars."

coin bear?" And they said, "Caesars." coin bear?" And they said, "Caesars." And again he answered them, "Render And again he answered them, "Render And again he answered them, "Render therefore to Caesar the things that are therefore to Caesar the things that are therefore to Caesar the things that are Caesars, and to God the things that are Caesars, and to God the things that are Caesars, and to God the things that are gods." Whence to God alone we render gods." Whence to God alone we render gods." Whence to God alone we render worship, but in other things we gladly worship, but in other things we gladly worship, but in other things we gladly serve you, acknowledging you as kings serve you, acknowledging you as kings serve you, acknowledging you as kings and rulers of men, and praying that with and rulers of men, and praying that with and rulers of men, and praying that with your kingly power you be found to your kingly power you be found to your kingly power you be found to possess also sound judgment. But if you possess also sound judgment. But if you possess also sound judgment. But if you pay no regard to our prayers and frank pay no regard to our prayers and frank pay no regard to our prayers and frank explanations, we shall suffer no loss, explanations, we shall suffer no loss, explanations, we shall suffer no loss, since we believe, or rather indeed are since we believe, or rather indeed are since we believe, or rather indeed are persuaded, that every man will suffer persuaded, that every man will suffer persuaded, that every man will suffer punishment in eternal fire according to punishment in eternal fire according to punishment in eternal fire according to the merit of his deed, and will render the merit of his deed, and will render the merit of his deed, and will render account according to the power he has account according to the power he has account according to the power he has received from God, as Christ intimated received from God, as Christ intimated received from God, as Christ intimated when he said, "To whom God has given when he said, "To whom God has given when he said, "To whom God has given more, of him shall more be more, of him shall more be more, of him shall more be required." Chapter 18. proof of required." Chapter 18. proof of required." Chapter 18. proof of immortality and the immortality and the immortality and the resurrection. For reflect upon the end resurrection. For reflect upon the end resurrection. For reflect upon the end of each of the preceding kings, how they of each of the preceding kings, how they of each of the preceding kings, how they died the death common to all, which if died the death common to all, which if died the death common to all, which if it issued an insensibility, would be a it issued an insensibility, would be a it issued an insensibility, would be a godsend to all the wicked. But since godsend to all the wicked. But since godsend to all the wicked. But since sensation remains to all who have ever sensation remains to all who have ever sensation remains to all who have ever lived, and eternal punishment is laid lived, and eternal punishment is laid lived, and eternal punishment is laid up, i.e. for the wicked, see that ye up, i.e. for the wicked, see that ye up, i.e. for the wicked, see that ye neglect not to be convinced, and to hold neglect not to be convinced, and to hold neglect not to be convinced, and to hold as your belief that these things are as your belief that these things are as your belief that these things are true. For let even necromancy and the true. For let even necromancy and the true. For let even necromancy and the divinations you practice by immaculate divinations you practice by immaculate divinations you practice by immaculate children, and the evoking of departed children, and the evoking of departed children, and the evoking of departed human souls, and those who are called human souls, and those who are called human souls, and those who are called among the magi, dream senders, and among the magi, dream senders, and among the magi, dream senders, and assistant spirits, familiars, and all

assistant spirits, familiars, and all assistant spirits, familiars, and all that is done by those who are skilled in that is done by those who are skilled in that is done by those who are skilled in such matters. Let these persuade you such matters. Let these persuade you such matters. Let these persuade you that even after death, souls are in a that even after death, souls are in a that even after death, souls are in a state of sensation, and those who are state of sensation, and those who are state of sensation, and those who are seized and cast about by the spirits of seized and cast about by the spirits of seized and cast about by the spirits of the dead, whom all call demoniacs or the dead, whom all call demoniacs or the dead, whom all call demoniacs or madmen, and what you repute as oracles, madmen, and what you repute as oracles, madmen, and what you repute as oracles, both of Amphilocus, Dodana, Pitho, and both of Amphilocus, Dodana, Pitho, and both of Amphilocus, Dodana, Pitho, and as many other such as exist, and the as many other such as exist, and the as many other such as exist, and the opinions of your authors, Impedocles, opinions of your authors, Impedocles, opinions of your authors, Impedocles, and Pythagoras, Plato, and Socrates, and and Pythagoras, Plato, and Socrates, and and Pythagoras, Plato, and Socrates, and the pit of Homer, and the descent of the pit of Homer, and the descent of the pit of Homer, and the descent of Ulisses to inspect these things, Ulisses to inspect these things, Ulisses to inspect these things, and all that has been uttered of a like and all that has been uttered of a like and all that has been uttered of a like kind. Such favor as you grant to these, kind. Such favor as you grant to these, kind. Such favor as you grant to these, grant also to us who not less but more grant also to us who not less but more grant also to us who not less but more firmly than they believe in God. Since firmly than they believe in God. Since firmly than they believe in God. Since we expect to receive again our own we expect to receive again our own we expect to receive again our own bodies, though they be dead and cast bodies, though they be dead and cast bodies, though they be dead and cast into the earth, for we maintain that into the earth, for we maintain that into the earth, for we maintain that with God nothing is with God nothing is with God nothing is impossible. Chapter 19. The resurrection impossible. Chapter 19. The resurrection impossible. Chapter 19. The resurrection possible. possible. possible. And to any thoughtful person would And to any thoughtful person would And to any thoughtful person would anything appear more incredible than if anything appear more incredible than if anything appear more incredible than if we were not in the body, and someone we were not in the body, and someone we were not in the body, and someone were to say that it was possible that were to say that it was possible that were to say that it was possible that from a small drop of human seed, bones from a small drop of human seed, bones from a small drop of human seed, bones and senus, and flesh be formed into a and senus, and flesh be formed into a and senus, and flesh be formed into a shape such as we see. For let this now shape such as we see. For let this now shape such as we see. For let this now be said hypothetically, if you be said hypothetically, if you be said hypothetically, if you yourselves were not such as you are now, yourselves were not such as you are now, yourselves were not such as you are now, and born of such parents and causes, and and born of such parents and causes, and and born of such parents and causes, and one were to show you human seed and a one were to show you human seed and a one were to show you human seed and a picture of a man, and were to say with picture of a man, and were to say with picture of a man, and were to say with confidence that from such a substance confidence that from such a substance confidence that from such a substance such a being could be produced, would

such a being could be produced, would such a being could be produced, would you believe before you saw the actual you believe before you saw the actual you believe before you saw the actual production? No one will dare to deny production? No one will dare to deny production? No one will dare to deny that such a statement would surpass that such a statement would surpass that such a statement would surpass belief. In the same way, then you are belief. In the same way, then you are belief. In the same way, then you are now incredulous because you have never now incredulous because you have never now incredulous because you have never seen a dead man rise again. But as at seen a dead man rise again. But as at seen a dead man rise again. But as at first you would not have believed it first you would not have believed it first you would not have believed it possible that such persons could be possible that such persons could be possible that such persons could be produced from the small drop, and yet produced from the small drop, and yet produced from the small drop, and yet now you see them thus produced, so also now you see them thus produced, so also now you see them thus produced, so also judge ye that it is not impossible that judge ye that it is not impossible that judge ye that it is not impossible that the bodies of men after they have been the bodies of men after they have been the bodies of men after they have been dissolved, and like seeds resolved into dissolved, and like seeds resolved into dissolved, and like seeds resolved into earth, should in God's appointed time earth, should in God's appointed time earth, should in God's appointed time rise again, and put on incorruption. For rise again, and put on incorruption. For rise again, and put on incorruption. For what power worthy of God those imagine what power worthy of God those imagine what power worthy of God those imagine who say that each thing returns to that who say that each thing returns to that who say that each thing returns to that from which it was produced and that from which it was produced and that from which it was produced and that beyond this not even God himself can do beyond this not even God himself can do beyond this not even God himself can do anything. We are unable to conceive. But anything. We are unable to conceive. But anything. We are unable to conceive. But this we see clearly that they would not this we see clearly that they would not this we see clearly that they would not have believed it possible that they have believed it possible that they have believed it possible that they could have become such and produced from could have become such and produced from could have become such and produced from such materials as they now see both such materials as they now see both such materials as they now see both themselves and the whole world to be.

themselves and the whole world to be. themselves and the whole world to be. and that it is better to believe even and that it is better to believe even and that it is better to believe even what is impossible to our own nature and what is impossible to our own nature and what is impossible to our own nature and to men than to be unbelieving like the to men than to be unbelieving like the to men than to be unbelieving like the rest of the world. We have learned for rest of the world. We have learned for rest of the world. We have learned for we know that our master Jesus Christ we know that our master Jesus Christ we know that our master Jesus Christ said that what is impossible with men is said that what is impossible with men is said that what is impossible with men is possible with God. And fear not them possible with God. And fear not them possible with God. And fear not them that kill you and after that can do no that kill you and after that can do no that kill you and after that can do no more, but fear him who after death is more, but fear him who after death is more, but fear him who after death is able to cast both soul and body into able to cast both soul and body into able to cast both soul and body into hell. And hell is a place where those hell. And hell is a place where those hell. And hell is a place where those are to be punished who have lived are to be punished who have lived are to be punished who have lived wickedly and who do not believe that wickedly and who do not believe that wickedly and who do not believe that those things which God has taught us by those things which God has taught us by those things which God has taught us by Christ will come to Christ will come to Christ will come to pass. End of part one. Part two of the first apology of Justin Part two of the first apology of Justin Martyr. This is a LibriVox recording. Martyr. This is a LibriVox recording. Martyr. This is a LibriVox recording. All LibriVox recordings are in the All LibriVox recordings are in the All LibriVox recordings are in the public domain. For more information or public domain. For more information or public domain. For more information or to volunteer, please visit to volunteer, please visit to volunteer, please visit librivox.org. Recording by David librivox.org. Recording by David librivox.org. Recording by David Leon. The First Apology by Justin Leon. The First Apology by Justin Leon. The First Apology by Justin Martyr, translated by Alexander Roberts Martyr, translated by Alexander Roberts Martyr, translated by Alexander Roberts and James Donaldson. Part two, chapters and James Donaldson. Part two, chapters and James Donaldson. Part two, chapters 20 through39.

20 through39. 20 through39. Chapter 20, heathen analogies to Chapter 20, heathen analogies to Chapter 20, heathen analogies to Christian Christian Christian doctrine. And the civil and histaspies doctrine. And the civil and histaspies doctrine. And the civil and histaspies said that there should be a dissolution said that there should be a dissolution said that there should be a dissolution by God of things corruptible. And the by God of things corruptible. And the by God of things corruptible. And the philosophers called Stoics teach that philosophers called Stoics teach that philosophers called Stoics teach that even God himself shall be resolved into even God himself shall be resolved into even God himself shall be resolved into fire. And they say that the world is to fire. And they say that the world is to fire. And they say that the world is to be formed a new by this revolution. But be formed a new by this revolution. But be formed a new by this revolution. But we understand that God, the creator of we understand that God, the creator of we understand that God, the creator of all things, is superior to the things all things, is superior to the things all things, is superior to the things that are to be changed. If therefore on that are to be changed. If therefore on that are to be changed. If therefore on some points we teach the same things as some points we teach the same things as some points we teach the same things as the poets and philosophers whom you the poets and philosophers whom you the poets and philosophers whom you honor and on other points are fuller and honor and on other points are fuller and honor and on other points are fuller and more divine in our teaching, and if we more divine in our teaching, and if we more divine in our teaching, and if we alone afford proof of what we assert, alone afford proof of what we assert, alone afford proof of what we assert, why are we unjustly hated more than all why are we unjustly hated more than all why are we unjustly hated more than all others? For while we say that all things others? For while we say that all things others? For while we say that all things have been produced and arranged into a have been produced and arranged into a have been produced and arranged into a world by God, we shall seem to utter the world by God, we shall seem to utter the world by God, we shall seem to utter the doctrine of Plato. And while we say that doctrine of Plato. And while we say that doctrine of Plato. And while we say that there will be a burning up of all, we there will be a burning up of all, we there will be a burning up of all, we shall seem to utter the doctrine of the shall seem to utter the doctrine of the shall seem to utter the doctrine of the Stoics. And while we affirm that the Stoics. And while we affirm that the Stoics. And while we affirm that the souls of the wicked being endowed with souls of the wicked being endowed with souls of the wicked being endowed with sensation even after death are punished sensation even after death are punished sensation even after death are punished and that those of the good being and that those of the good being and that those of the good being delivered from punishment spend a delivered from punishment spend a delivered from punishment spend a blessed existence, we shall seem to say blessed existence, we shall seem to say blessed existence, we shall seem to say the same things as the poets and the same things as the poets and the same things as the poets and philosophers. And while we maintain that philosophers. And while we maintain that philosophers. And while we maintain that men ought not to worship the works of men ought not to worship the works of men ought not to worship the works of their hands, we say the very things their hands, we say the very things their hands, we say the very things which have been said by the comic poet which have been said by the comic poet which have been said by the comic poet Manander and other similar writers, for Manander and other similar writers, for Manander and other similar writers, for they have declared that the workman is they have declared that the workman is they have declared that the workman is greater than the work.

greater than the work. greater than the work. Chapter 21, analogies to the history of Chapter 21, analogies to the history of Chapter 21, analogies to the history of Christ. And when we say also that the Christ. And when we say also that the Christ. And when we say also that the word, who is the first birth of God, was word, who is the first birth of God, was word, who is the first birth of God, was produced without sexual union, and that produced without sexual union, and that produced without sexual union, and that he, Jesus Christ, our teacher, was he, Jesus Christ, our teacher, was he, Jesus Christ, our teacher, was crucified, and died and rose again, and crucified, and died and rose again, and crucified, and died and rose again, and ascended into heaven, we propound ascended into heaven, we propound ascended into heaven, we propound nothing different from what you believe nothing different from what you believe nothing different from what you believe regarding those whom you esteem, sons of regarding those whom you esteem, sons of regarding those whom you esteem, sons of Jupiter. For you know how many sons your Jupiter. For you know how many sons your Jupiter. For you know how many sons your esteemed writers ascribe to Jupiter. esteemed writers ascribe to Jupiter. esteemed writers ascribe to Jupiter. Mercury, the interpreting word and Mercury, the interpreting word and Mercury, the interpreting word and teacher of all. Escalapius, who though teacher of all. Escalapius, who though teacher of all. Escalapius, who though he was a great physician, was struck by he was a great physician, was struck by he was a great physician, was struck by a thunderbolt and so ascended to heaven. a thunderbolt and so ascended to heaven. a thunderbolt and so ascended to heaven. And Bakus, too, after he had been torn And Bakus, too, after he had been torn And Bakus, too, after he had been torn limb from limb, and Hercules, when he limb from limb, and Hercules, when he limb from limb, and Hercules, when he had committed himself to the flames to had committed himself to the flames to had committed himself to the flames to escape his toils, and the sons of Lita, escape his toils, and the sons of Lita, escape his toils, and the sons of Lita, and Diosceri, and Perseus, son of Dany, and Diosceri, and Perseus, son of Dany, and Diosceri, and Perseus, son of Dany, and Bolerofon, who though sprung from and Bolerofon, who though sprung from and Bolerofon, who though sprung from mortals, rose to heaven on the horse mortals, rose to heaven on the horse mortals, rose to heaven on the horse Pegasus. For what shall I say of Ariadne Pegasus. For what shall I say of Ariadne Pegasus. For what shall I say of Ariadne and those who like her have been and those who like her have been and those who like her have been declared to be set among the stars? And declared to be set among the stars? And declared to be set among the stars? And what of the emperors who die among what of the emperors who die among what of the emperors who die among yourselves, whom you deem worthy of yourselves, whom you deem worthy of yourselves, whom you deem worthy of deification, and in whose behalf you deification, and in whose behalf you deification, and in whose behalf you produce someone who swears he has seen produce someone who swears he has seen produce someone who swears he has seen the burning Caesar rise to heaven from the burning Caesar rise to heaven from the burning Caesar rise to heaven from the funeral p? And what kind of deeds the funeral p? And what kind of deeds the funeral p? And what kind of deeds are recorded of these reputed sons of are recorded of these reputed sons of are recorded of these reputed sons of Jupiter? It is needless to tell to those Jupiter? It is needless to tell to those Jupiter? It is needless to tell to those who already know. This only shall be who already know. This only shall be who already know. This only shall be said that they are written for the said that they are written for the said that they are written for the advantage and encouragement of youthful advantage and encouragement of youthful advantage and encouragement of youthful scholars, for all reckon it an honorable

scholars, for all reckon it an honorable scholars, for all reckon it an honorable thing to imitate the gods. But far be thing to imitate the gods. But far be thing to imitate the gods. But far be such a thought concerning the gods from such a thought concerning the gods from such a thought concerning the gods from every well-cond conditioned soul, as to every well-cond conditioned soul, as to every well-cond conditioned soul, as to believe that Jupiter himself, the believe that Jupiter himself, the believe that Jupiter himself, the governor and creator of all things, was governor and creator of all things, was governor and creator of all things, was both a paraside and the son of a both a paraside and the son of a both a paraside and the son of a paraside, and that being overcome by the paraside, and that being overcome by the paraside, and that being overcome by the love of base and shameful pleasures, he love of base and shameful pleasures, he love of base and shameful pleasures, he came in to Ganymede and those many women came in to Ganymede and those many women came in to Ganymede and those many women whom he had violated, and that his sons whom he had violated, and that his sons whom he had violated, and that his sons did like actions. But as we said above, did like actions. But as we said above, did like actions. But as we said above, wicked devils perpetrated these things. wicked devils perpetrated these things. wicked devils perpetrated these things. And we have learned that those only are And we have learned that those only are And we have learned that those only are deified who have lived near to God in deified who have lived near to God in deified who have lived near to God in holiness and virtue. And we believe that holiness and virtue. And we believe that holiness and virtue. And we believe that those who live wickedly and do not those who live wickedly and do not those who live wickedly and do not repent are punished in everlasting repent are punished in everlasting repent are punished in everlasting fire. Chapter 22. Analogies to the fire. Chapter 22. Analogies to the fire. Chapter 22. Analogies to the sunship of Christ. sunship of Christ. sunship of Christ. Moreover, the Son of God, called Jesus, Moreover, the Son of God, called Jesus, Moreover, the Son of God, called Jesus, even if only a man by ordinary even if only a man by ordinary even if only a man by ordinary generation, yet on account of his generation, yet on account of his generation, yet on account of his wisdom, is worthy to be called the Son wisdom, is worthy to be called the Son wisdom, is worthy to be called the Son of God. For all writers call God the of God. For all writers call God the of God. For all writers call God the Father of men and gods. And if we assert Father of men and gods. And if we assert Father of men and gods. And if we assert that the word of God was born of God in that the word of God was born of God in that the word of God was born of God in a peculiar manner, different from a peculiar manner, different from a peculiar manner, different from ordinary generation, let this, as said ordinary generation, let this, as said ordinary generation, let this, as said above, be no extraordinary thing to you above, be no extraordinary thing to you above, be no extraordinary thing to you who say that Mercury is the angelic word who say that Mercury is the angelic word who say that Mercury is the angelic word of God. But if anyone objects that he of God. But if anyone objects that he of God. But if anyone objects that he was crucified, in this also he is on a was crucified, in this also he is on a was crucified, in this also he is on a par with those reputed sons of Jupiter par with those reputed sons of Jupiter par with those reputed sons of Jupiter of yours who suffered as we have now of yours who suffered as we have now of yours who suffered as we have now enumerated. For their sufferings at enumerated. For their sufferings at enumerated. For their sufferings at death are recorded to have been not all

death are recorded to have been not all death are recorded to have been not all alike but diverse. So that not even by alike but diverse. So that not even by alike but diverse. So that not even by the peculiarity of his sufferings does the peculiarity of his sufferings does the peculiarity of his sufferings does he seem to be inferior to them. But on he seem to be inferior to them. But on he seem to be inferior to them. But on the contrary, as we promised in the the contrary, as we promised in the the contrary, as we promised in the preceding part of this discourse, we preceding part of this discourse, we preceding part of this discourse, we will now prove him superior, or rather will now prove him superior, or rather will now prove him superior, or rather have already proved him to be so. For have already proved him to be so. For have already proved him to be so. For the superior is revealed by his actions. the superior is revealed by his actions. the superior is revealed by his actions. And if we even affirm that he was born And if we even affirm that he was born And if we even affirm that he was born of a virgin, except this in common with of a virgin, except this in common with of a virgin, except this in common with what you accept of Perseus, and in that what you accept of Perseus, and in that what you accept of Perseus, and in that we say that he made whole the lame, the we say that he made whole the lame, the we say that he made whole the lame, the paralytic, and those born blind, we seem paralytic, and those born blind, we seem paralytic, and those born blind, we seem to say what is very similar to the deed to say what is very similar to the deed to say what is very similar to the deed said to have been done by said to have been done by said to have been done by Escalapius. Chapter 23, the argument. Escalapius. Chapter 23, the argument. Escalapius. Chapter 23, the argument. And that this may now become evident to And that this may now become evident to And that this may now become evident to you. Firstly, that whatever we assert in you. Firstly, that whatever we assert in you. Firstly, that whatever we assert in conformity with what has been taught us conformity with what has been taught us conformity with what has been taught us by Christ and by the prophets who by Christ and by the prophets who by Christ and by the prophets who preceded him are alone true and are preceded him are alone true and are preceded him are alone true and are older than all the writers who have older than all the writers who have older than all the writers who have existed. That we claim to be existed. That we claim to be existed. That we claim to be acknowledged not because we say the same acknowledged not because we say the same acknowledged not because we say the same things as these writers said, but things as these writers said, but things as these writers said, but because we say true things. And because we say true things. And because we say true things. And secondly, that Jesus Christ is the only secondly, that Jesus Christ is the only secondly, that Jesus Christ is the only proper son who has been begotten by God, proper son who has been begotten by God, proper son who has been begotten by God, being his word and first begotten and being his word and first begotten and being his word and first begotten and power and becoming man according to his power and becoming man according to his power and becoming man according to his will. He taught us these things for the will. He taught us these things for the will. He taught us these things for the conversion and restoration of the human conversion and restoration of the human conversion and restoration of the human race. And thirdly, that before he became race. And thirdly, that before he became race. And thirdly, that before he became a man among men, some influenced by the a man among men, some influenced by the a man among men, some influenced by the demons before mentioned, related demons before mentioned, related demons before mentioned, related beforehand, through the instrumentality

beforehand, through the instrumentality beforehand, through the instrumentality of the poets, those circumstances as of the poets, those circumstances as of the poets, those circumstances as having really happened, which having having really happened, which having having really happened, which having fictitiously devised, they narrated in fictitiously devised, they narrated in fictitiously devised, they narrated in the same manner as they have caused to the same manner as they have caused to the same manner as they have caused to be fabricated the scandalous reports be fabricated the scandalous reports be fabricated the scandalous reports against us of infamous and impious against us of infamous and impious against us of infamous and impious actions of which there is neither actions of which there is neither actions of which there is neither witness nor proof. We shall bring witness nor proof. We shall bring witness nor proof. We shall bring forward the following forward the following forward the following proof. Chapter 24. Varieties of heathen proof. Chapter 24. Varieties of heathen proof. Chapter 24. Varieties of heathen worship. In the first place, we furnish worship. In the first place, we furnish worship. In the first place, we furnish proof because though we say things proof because though we say things proof because though we say things similar to what the Greeks say, we only similar to what the Greeks say, we only similar to what the Greeks say, we only are hated on account of the name of are hated on account of the name of are hated on account of the name of Christ. And though we do no wrong, are Christ. And though we do no wrong, are Christ. And though we do no wrong, are put to death as sinners. Other men in put to death as sinners. Other men in put to death as sinners. Other men in other places worshiping trees and rivers other places worshiping trees and rivers other places worshiping trees and rivers and mice and cats and crocodiles and and mice and cats and crocodiles and and mice and cats and crocodiles and many irrational animals. nor are the many irrational animals. nor are the many irrational animals. nor are the same animals esteemed by all, but in one same animals esteemed by all, but in one same animals esteemed by all, but in one place one is worshiped and another in place one is worshiped and another in place one is worshiped and another in another, so that all are profane in the another, so that all are profane in the another, so that all are profane in the judgment of one another on account of judgment of one another on account of judgment of one another on account of their not worshiping the same objects. their not worshiping the same objects. their not worshiping the same objects. And this is the sole accusation you And this is the sole accusation you And this is the sole accusation you bring against us, that we do not bring against us, that we do not bring against us, that we do not reverence the same gods as you do, nor reverence the same gods as you do, nor reverence the same gods as you do, nor offer to the dead libations and the offer to the dead libations and the offer to the dead libations and the savor of fat and crowns for their savor of fat and crowns for their savor of fat and crowns for their statues and sacrifices. For you very statues and sacrifices. For you very statues and sacrifices. For you very well know that the same animals are with well know that the same animals are with well know that the same animals are with some esteemed gods, with others wild some esteemed gods, with others wild some esteemed gods, with others wild beasts, and with others sacrificial beasts, and with others sacrificial beasts, and with others sacrificial victims. Chapter 25. False gods victims. Chapter 25. False gods victims. Chapter 25. False gods abandoned by abandoned by abandoned by Christians. And secondly, because we who Christians. And secondly, because we who Christians. And secondly, because we who out of every race of men used to worship

out of every race of men used to worship out of every race of men used to worship Bakus, the son of Semile, and Apollo, Bakus, the son of Semile, and Apollo, Bakus, the son of Semile, and Apollo, the son of Latona, who in their loves the son of Latona, who in their loves the son of Latona, who in their loves with men did such things as it is with men did such things as it is with men did such things as it is shameful even to mention, and Propppini shameful even to mention, and Propppini shameful even to mention, and Propppini and Venus, who were maddened with love and Venus, who were maddened with love and Venus, who were maddened with love of Adonis, and whose mysteries also you of Adonis, and whose mysteries also you of Adonis, and whose mysteries also you celebrate, or Escalapius, or someone or celebrate, or Escalapius, or someone or celebrate, or Escalapius, or someone or other of those who are called gods, have other of those who are called gods, have other of those who are called gods, have now through Jesus Christ learned to now through Jesus Christ learned to now through Jesus Christ learned to despise these, though we be threatened despise these, though we be threatened despise these, though we be threatened with death for it, and have dedicated with death for it, and have dedicated with death for it, and have dedicated ourselves to the unbegotten and ourselves to the unbegotten and ourselves to the unbegotten and impossible god, of whom we are persuaded impossible god, of whom we are persuaded impossible god, of whom we are persuaded that never was he goated by lust of that never was he goated by lust of that never was he goated by lust of Antiopi, or such other women, or of Antiopi, or such other women, or of Antiopi, or such other women, or of Ganymede, nor was rescued by that Ganymede, nor was rescued by that Ganymede, nor was rescued by that hundred-handed giant whose aid was hundred-handed giant whose aid was hundred-handed giant whose aid was obtained through Theetus, nor was obtained through Theetus, nor was obtained through Theetus, nor was anxious on this account that her son anxious on this account that her son anxious on this account that her son Achilles should destroy many of the Achilles should destroy many of the Achilles should destroy many of the Greeks because of his concubine, Bris. Greeks because of his concubine, Bris. Greeks because of his concubine, Bris. Those who believe these things we pity Those who believe these things we pity Those who believe these things we pity and those who invented them we know to and those who invented them we know to and those who invented them we know to be be be devils. Chapter 26. Magicians not devils. Chapter 26. Magicians not devils. Chapter 26. Magicians not trusted by trusted by trusted by Christians. And thirdly, because after Christians. And thirdly, because after Christians. And thirdly, because after Christ's ascension into heaven, the Christ's ascension into heaven, the Christ's ascension into heaven, the devils put forward certain men who said devils put forward certain men who said devils put forward certain men who said that they themselves were gods and they that they themselves were gods and they that they themselves were gods and they were not only not persecuted by you, but were not only not persecuted by you, but were not only not persecuted by you, but even deemed worthy of honors. There was even deemed worthy of honors. There was even deemed worthy of honors. There was a Samaritan, Simon, a native of the a Samaritan, Simon, a native of the a Samaritan, Simon, a native of the village called Gito, who in the reign of village called Gito, who in the reign of village called Gito, who in the reign of Claudius Caesar, and in your royal city Claudius Caesar, and in your royal city Claudius Caesar, and in your royal city of Rome, did mighty acts of magic by of Rome, did mighty acts of magic by of Rome, did mighty acts of magic by virtue of the art of the devils virtue of the art of the devils virtue of the art of the devils operating in him. He was considered a

operating in him. He was considered a operating in him. He was considered a god and as a god was honored by you with god and as a god was honored by you with god and as a god was honored by you with a statue. Which statue was erected on a statue. Which statue was erected on a statue. Which statue was erected on the river Tyber between the two bridges the river Tyber between the two bridges the river Tyber between the two bridges and bore this inscription in the and bore this inscription in the and bore this inscription in the language of Rome. Simony deos santo language of Rome. Simony deos santo language of Rome. Simony deos santo simon the holy god. And almost all the simon the holy god. And almost all the simon the holy god. And almost all the Samaritans and a few even of other Samaritans and a few even of other Samaritans and a few even of other nations worship him and acknowledge him nations worship him and acknowledge him nations worship him and acknowledge him as the first god. And a woman Elena who as the first god. And a woman Elena who as the first god. And a woman Elena who went about with him at that time and had went about with him at that time and had went about with him at that time and had formerly been a prostitute they say is formerly been a prostitute they say is formerly been a prostitute they say is the first idea generated by him. And a the first idea generated by him. And a the first idea generated by him. And a man meander also a Samaritan of the town man meander also a Samaritan of the town man meander also a Samaritan of the town Caparatia a disciple of Simon and Caparatia a disciple of Simon and Caparatia a disciple of Simon and inspired by devils. We know to have inspired by devils. We know to have inspired by devils. We know to have deceived many while he was in Antioch by deceived many while he was in Antioch by deceived many while he was in Antioch by his magical art. He persuaded those who his magical art. He persuaded those who his magical art. He persuaded those who adhered to him that they should never adhered to him that they should never adhered to him that they should never die. And even now there are some living die. And even now there are some living die. And even now there are some living who hold this opinion of his. And there who hold this opinion of his. And there who hold this opinion of his. And there is Marc a man of Pontis who is even at is Marc a man of Pontis who is even at is Marc a man of Pontis who is even at this day alive and teaching his this day alive and teaching his this day alive and teaching his disciples to believe in some other god disciples to believe in some other god disciples to believe in some other god greater than the creator. And he by the greater than the creator. And he by the greater than the creator. And he by the aid of the devils has caused many of aid of the devils has caused many of aid of the devils has caused many of every nation to speak blasphemies and to every nation to speak blasphemies and to every nation to speak blasphemies and to deny that God is the maker of this deny that God is the maker of this deny that God is the maker of this universe and to assert that some other universe and to assert that some other universe and to assert that some other being greater than he has done greater being greater than he has done greater being greater than he has done greater works. All who take their opinions from works. All who take their opinions from works. All who take their opinions from these men are, as we before said, called these men are, as we before said, called these men are, as we before said, called Christians, just as also those who do Christians, just as also those who do Christians, just as also those who do not agree with the philosophers in their not agree with the philosophers in their not agree with the philosophers in their doctrines, have yet in common with them doctrines, have yet in common with them doctrines, have yet in common with them the name of philosophers given to them.

the name of philosophers given to them. the name of philosophers given to them. And whether they perpetrate those And whether they perpetrate those And whether they perpetrate those fabulous and shameful deeds, the fabulous and shameful deeds, the fabulous and shameful deeds, the upsetting of the lamp, and promiscuous upsetting of the lamp, and promiscuous upsetting of the lamp, and promiscuous intercourse, and eating human flesh, we intercourse, and eating human flesh, we intercourse, and eating human flesh, we know not. But we do know that they are know not. But we do know that they are know not. But we do know that they are neither persecuted nor put to death by neither persecuted nor put to death by neither persecuted nor put to death by you, at least on account of their you, at least on account of their you, at least on account of their opinions. But I have a treatise against opinions. But I have a treatise against opinions. But I have a treatise against all the heresies that have existed all the heresies that have existed all the heresies that have existed already composed, which if you wish to already composed, which if you wish to already composed, which if you wish to read it, I will give read it, I will give read it, I will give you. Chapter 27, Guilt of Exposing you. Chapter 27, Guilt of Exposing you. Chapter 27, Guilt of Exposing Children. Children. Children. But as for us, we have been taught that But as for us, we have been taught that But as for us, we have been taught that to expose newly born children is the to expose newly born children is the to expose newly born children is the part of wicked men. And this we have part of wicked men. And this we have part of wicked men. And this we have been taught, lest we should do anyone an been taught, lest we should do anyone an been taught, lest we should do anyone an injury, and lest we should sin against injury, and lest we should sin against injury, and lest we should sin against God first, because we see that almost God first, because we see that almost God first, because we see that almost all so exposed, not only the girls, but all so exposed, not only the girls, but all so exposed, not only the girls, but also the males, are brought up to also the males, are brought up to also the males, are brought up to prostitution. And as the ancients are prostitution. And as the ancients are prostitution. And as the ancients are said to have reared herds of oxen or said to have reared herds of oxen or said to have reared herds of oxen or goats or sheep or grazing horses, so now goats or sheep or grazing horses, so now goats or sheep or grazing horses, so now we see you rear children only for this we see you rear children only for this we see you rear children only for this shameful use. And for this pollution a shameful use. And for this pollution a shameful use. And for this pollution a multitude of females and hermaphrodites, multitude of females and hermaphrodites, multitude of females and hermaphrodites, and those who commit unmentionable and those who commit unmentionable and those who commit unmentionable iniquities are found in every nation.

iniquities are found in every nation. iniquities are found in every nation. And you receive the hire of these and And you receive the hire of these and And you receive the hire of these and duty and taxes from them whom you ought duty and taxes from them whom you ought duty and taxes from them whom you ought to exterminate from your realm. And to exterminate from your realm. And to exterminate from your realm. And anyone who uses such persons besides the anyone who uses such persons besides the anyone who uses such persons besides the godless and infamous and impure godless and infamous and impure godless and infamous and impure intercourse may possibly be having intercourse may possibly be having intercourse may possibly be having intercourse with his own child or intercourse with his own child or intercourse with his own child or relative or brother. And there are some relative or brother. And there are some relative or brother. And there are some who prostitute even their own children who prostitute even their own children who prostitute even their own children and wives. And some are openly mutilated and wives. And some are openly mutilated and wives. And some are openly mutilated for the purpose of sodomy. And they for the purpose of sodomy. And they for the purpose of sodomy. And they refer these mysteries to the mother of refer these mysteries to the mother of refer these mysteries to the mother of the gods. And along with each of those the gods. And along with each of those the gods. And along with each of those whom you esteem gods, there is painted a whom you esteem gods, there is painted a whom you esteem gods, there is painted a serpent, a great symbol and mystery. serpent, a great symbol and mystery. serpent, a great symbol and mystery. Indeed, the things which you do openly Indeed, the things which you do openly Indeed, the things which you do openly and with applause, as if the divine and with applause, as if the divine and with applause, as if the divine light were overturned and extinguished, light were overturned and extinguished, light were overturned and extinguished, these you lay to our charge, which in these you lay to our charge, which in these you lay to our charge, which in truth does no harm to us who shrink from truth does no harm to us who shrink from truth does no harm to us who shrink from doing any such things, but only to those doing any such things, but only to those doing any such things, but only to those who do them and bear false witness who do them and bear false witness who do them and bear false witness against against against us. Chapter 28. God's care for men. For us. Chapter 28. God's care for men. For us. Chapter 28. God's care for men. For among us, the prince of the wicked among us, the prince of the wicked among us, the prince of the wicked spirits is called the serpent and Satan spirits is called the serpent and Satan spirits is called the serpent and Satan and the devil. as you can learn by and the devil. as you can learn by and the devil. as you can learn by looking into our writings. And that he looking into our writings. And that he looking into our writings. And that he would be sent into the fire with his would be sent into the fire with his would be sent into the fire with his host and the men who follow him and host and the men who follow him and host and the men who follow him and would be punished for an endless would be punished for an endless would be punished for an endless duration. Christ foretold. For the duration. Christ foretold. For the duration. Christ foretold. For the reason why God has delayed to do this, reason why God has delayed to do this, reason why God has delayed to do this, is his regard for the human race. For he is his regard for the human race. For he is his regard for the human race. For he fornowses that some are to be saved by fornowses that some are to be saved by fornowses that some are to be saved by repentance, some even that are perhaps repentance, some even that are perhaps repentance, some even that are perhaps not yet born. In the beginning, he made

not yet born. In the beginning, he made not yet born. In the beginning, he made the human race with the power of thought the human race with the power of thought the human race with the power of thought and of choosing the truth and doing and of choosing the truth and doing and of choosing the truth and doing right, so that all men are without right, so that all men are without right, so that all men are without excuse before God. For they have been excuse before God. For they have been excuse before God. For they have been born rational and contemplative. And if born rational and contemplative. And if born rational and contemplative. And if anyone disbelieves that God cares for anyone disbelieves that God cares for anyone disbelieves that God cares for these things, he will thereby either these things, he will thereby either these things, he will thereby either insinuate that God does not exist, or he insinuate that God does not exist, or he insinuate that God does not exist, or he will assert that though he exists, he will assert that though he exists, he will assert that though he exists, he delights in vice, or exists like a delights in vice, or exists like a delights in vice, or exists like a stone, and that neither virtue nor vice stone, and that neither virtue nor vice stone, and that neither virtue nor vice anything, but only in the opinion of men anything, but only in the opinion of men anything, but only in the opinion of men these things are reckoned good or evil. these things are reckoned good or evil. these things are reckoned good or evil. And this is the greatest profanity and And this is the greatest profanity and And this is the greatest profanity and wickedness. Chapter 29. Contenance of wickedness. Chapter 29. Contenance of wickedness. Chapter 29. Contenance of Christians. Christians. Christians. And again we fear to expose children, And again we fear to expose children, And again we fear to expose children, lest some of them be not picked up, but lest some of them be not picked up, but lest some of them be not picked up, but die, and we become murderers. But die, and we become murderers. But die, and we become murderers. But whether we marry, it is only that we may whether we marry, it is only that we may whether we marry, it is only that we may bring up children, or whether we decline bring up children, or whether we decline bring up children, or whether we decline marriage, we live continently. and that marriage, we live continently. and that marriage, we live continently. and that you may understand that promiscuous you may understand that promiscuous you may understand that promiscuous intercourse is not one of our mysteries, intercourse is not one of our mysteries, intercourse is not one of our mysteries, one of our number a short time ago, one of our number a short time ago, one of our number a short time ago, presented to Felix, the governor in presented to Felix, the governor in presented to Felix, the governor in Alexandria, a petition, craving that Alexandria, a petition, craving that Alexandria, a petition, craving that permission might be given to a surgeon permission might be given to a surgeon permission might be given to a surgeon to make him a unic. For the surgeons to make him a unic. For the surgeons to make him a unic. For the surgeons there said that they were forbidden to there said that they were forbidden to there said that they were forbidden to do this without the permission of the do this without the permission of the do this without the permission of the governor. And when Felix absolutely governor. And when Felix absolutely governor. And when Felix absolutely refused to sign such a permission, the refused to sign such a permission, the refused to sign such a permission, the youth remained single and was satisfied youth remained single and was satisfied youth remained single and was satisfied with his own approving conscience and with his own approving conscience and with his own approving conscience and the approval of those who thought as he the approval of those who thought as he the approval of those who thought as he did. And it is not out of place, we did. And it is not out of place, we did. And it is not out of place, we think, to mention here Antinuis, who was

think, to mention here Antinuis, who was think, to mention here Antinuis, who was alive but lately, and whom all were alive but lately, and whom all were alive but lately, and whom all were prompt through fear to worship as a god, prompt through fear to worship as a god, prompt through fear to worship as a god, though they knew both who he was and though they knew both who he was and though they knew both who he was and what was his what was his what was his origin. Chapter 30. Was Christ not a origin. Chapter 30. Was Christ not a origin. Chapter 30. Was Christ not a magician? But lest anyone should meet us magician? But lest anyone should meet us magician? But lest anyone should meet us with the question, what should prevent with the question, what should prevent with the question, what should prevent that he whom we call Christ, being a man that he whom we call Christ, being a man that he whom we call Christ, being a man born of men, performed what we call his born of men, performed what we call his born of men, performed what we call his mighty works by magical art, and by this mighty works by magical art, and by this mighty works by magical art, and by this appeared to be the Son of God. We will appeared to be the Son of God. We will appeared to be the Son of God. We will now offer proof, not trusting mere now offer proof, not trusting mere now offer proof, not trusting mere assertions, but being of necessity assertions, but being of necessity assertions, but being of necessity persuaded by those who prophesied of him persuaded by those who prophesied of him persuaded by those who prophesied of him before these things came to pass. For before these things came to pass. For before these things came to pass. For with our own eyes we behold things that with our own eyes we behold things that with our own eyes we behold things that have happened and are happening just as have happened and are happening just as have happened and are happening just as they were predicted. And this will, we they were predicted. And this will, we they were predicted. And this will, we think, appear even to you the strongest think, appear even to you the strongest think, appear even to you the strongest and truest and truest and truest evidence. Chapter 31 of the Hebrew evidence. Chapter 31 of the Hebrew evidence. Chapter 31 of the Hebrew prophets. There were then among the Jews prophets. There were then among the Jews prophets. There were then among the Jews certain men who were prophets of God certain men who were prophets of God certain men who were prophets of God through whom the prophetic spirit through whom the prophetic spirit through whom the prophetic spirit published beforehand things that were to published beforehand things that were to published beforehand things that were to come to pass they ever happened. and come to pass they ever happened. and come to pass they ever happened. and their prophecies, as they were spoken, their prophecies, as they were spoken, their prophecies, as they were spoken, and when they were uttered, the kings and when they were uttered, the kings and when they were uttered, the kings who happened to be reigning among the who happened to be reigning among the who happened to be reigning among the Jews at the several times, carefully Jews at the several times, carefully Jews at the several times, carefully preserved in their possession, when they preserved in their possession, when they preserved in their possession, when they had been arranged in books by the had been arranged in books by the had been arranged in books by the prophets themselves in their own Hebrew prophets themselves in their own Hebrew prophets themselves in their own Hebrew language.

language. language. And when Tommy, king of Egypt, formed a And when Tommy, king of Egypt, formed a And when Tommy, king of Egypt, formed a library, and endeavored to collect the library, and endeavored to collect the library, and endeavored to collect the writings of all men, he heard also of writings of all men, he heard also of writings of all men, he heard also of these prophets, and sent to Herod, who these prophets, and sent to Herod, who these prophets, and sent to Herod, who was at that time king of the Jews, was at that time king of the Jews, was at that time king of the Jews, requesting that the books of the requesting that the books of the requesting that the books of the prophets be sent to him. And Herod the prophets be sent to him. And Herod the prophets be sent to him. And Herod the king did indeed send them, written as king did indeed send them, written as king did indeed send them, written as they were in the foraid Hebrew language. they were in the foraid Hebrew language. they were in the foraid Hebrew language. And when their contents were found to be And when their contents were found to be And when their contents were found to be unintelligible to the Egyptians, he unintelligible to the Egyptians, he unintelligible to the Egyptians, he again sent and requested that men be again sent and requested that men be again sent and requested that men be commissioned to translate them into the commissioned to translate them into the commissioned to translate them into the Greek language. And when this was done, Greek language. And when this was done, Greek language. And when this was done, the books remained with the Egyptians the books remained with the Egyptians the books remained with the Egyptians where they are until now. They are also where they are until now. They are also where they are until now. They are also in the possession of all Jews throughout in the possession of all Jews throughout in the possession of all Jews throughout the world. But they, though they read, the world. But they, though they read, the world. But they, though they read, do not understand what is said, but do not understand what is said, but do not understand what is said, but count us foes and enemies. And like count us foes and enemies. And like count us foes and enemies. And like yourselves, they kill and punish us yourselves, they kill and punish us yourselves, they kill and punish us wherever they have the power. as you can wherever they have the power. as you can wherever they have the power. as you can well believe. For in the Jewish war well believe. For in the Jewish war well believe. For in the Jewish war which lately raged, Marco, the leader of which lately raged, Marco, the leader of which lately raged, Marco, the leader of the revolt of the Jews, gave orders that the revolt of the Jews, gave orders that the revolt of the Jews, gave orders that Christians alone should be led to cruel Christians alone should be led to cruel Christians alone should be led to cruel punishments unless they would deny Jesus punishments unless they would deny Jesus punishments unless they would deny Jesus Christ and utter blasphemy. In these Christ and utter blasphemy. In these Christ and utter blasphemy. In these books then of the prophets, we found books then of the prophets, we found books then of the prophets, we found Jesus our Christ foretold as coming, Jesus our Christ foretold as coming, Jesus our Christ foretold as coming, born of a virgin, growing up to man's born of a virgin, growing up to man's born of a virgin, growing up to man's estate and healing every disease and estate and healing every disease and estate and healing every disease and every sickness and raising the dead and every sickness and raising the dead and every sickness and raising the dead and being hated and unrecognized and being hated and unrecognized and being hated and unrecognized and crucified and dying and rising again and crucified and dying and rising again and crucified and dying and rising again and ascending into heaven and being and ascending into heaven and being and ascending into heaven and being and being called the son of God. We find it

being called the son of God. We find it being called the son of God. We find it also predicted that certain persons also predicted that certain persons also predicted that certain persons should be sent by him into every nation should be sent by him into every nation should be sent by him into every nation to publish these things, and that rather to publish these things, and that rather to publish these things, and that rather among the Gentiles than among the Jews, among the Gentiles than among the Jews, among the Gentiles than among the Jews, men should believe on him. And he was men should believe on him. And he was men should believe on him. And he was predicted before he appeared, first predicted before he appeared, first predicted before he appeared, first 5,000 years before, and again 3,000, 5,000 years before, and again 3,000, 5,000 years before, and again 3,000, then 2,000, then 1,000, and yet again then 2,000, then 1,000, and yet again then 2,000, then 1,000, and yet again 800. For in the succession of 800. For in the succession of 800. For in the succession of generations, prophets after prophets generations, prophets after prophets generations, prophets after prophets arose. Chapter 32. Christ predicted by arose. Chapter 32. Christ predicted by arose. Chapter 32. Christ predicted by Moses. Moses then, who was the first of Moses. Moses then, who was the first of Moses. Moses then, who was the first of the prophets, spoken these very words, the prophets, spoken these very words, the prophets, spoken these very words, the scepter shall not depart from Judah, the scepter shall not depart from Judah, the scepter shall not depart from Judah, nor a lawgiver from between his feet, nor a lawgiver from between his feet, nor a lawgiver from between his feet, until he come for whom it is reserved, until he come for whom it is reserved, until he come for whom it is reserved, and he shall be the desire of the and he shall be the desire of the and he shall be the desire of the nations, binding his foe to the vine, nations, binding his foe to the vine, nations, binding his foe to the vine, washing his robe in the blood of the washing his robe in the blood of the washing his robe in the blood of the grape. It is yours to make accurate grape. It is yours to make accurate grape. It is yours to make accurate inquiry and ascertain up to whose time inquiry and ascertain up to whose time inquiry and ascertain up to whose time the Jews had a lawgiver and king of the Jews had a lawgiver and king of the Jews had a lawgiver and king of their own. Up to the time of Jesus their own. Up to the time of Jesus their own. Up to the time of Jesus Christ who taught us and interpreted the Christ who taught us and interpreted the Christ who taught us and interpreted the prophecies which were not yet prophecies which were not yet prophecies which were not yet understood. They had a lawgiver as was understood. They had a lawgiver as was understood. They had a lawgiver as was foretold by the holy and divine spirit foretold by the holy and divine spirit foretold by the holy and divine spirit of prophecy through Moses that a ruler of prophecy through Moses that a ruler of prophecy through Moses that a ruler would not fail the Jews until he should would not fail the Jews until he should would not fail the Jews until he should come for whom the kingdom was reserved.

come for whom the kingdom was reserved. come for whom the kingdom was reserved. For Judah was the forefather of the Jews For Judah was the forefather of the Jews For Judah was the forefather of the Jews from whom also they have their name of from whom also they have their name of from whom also they have their name of Jews. And after he, i.e. Christ, Jews. And after he, i.e. Christ, Jews. And after he, i.e. Christ, appeared, you began to rule the Jews and appeared, you began to rule the Jews and appeared, you began to rule the Jews and gained possession of all their gained possession of all their gained possession of all their territory. And the prophecy, he shall be territory. And the prophecy, he shall be territory. And the prophecy, he shall be the expectation of the nations, the expectation of the nations, the expectation of the nations, signified that there would be some of signified that there would be some of signified that there would be some of all nations who should look for him to all nations who should look for him to all nations who should look for him to come again. And this indeed you can see come again. And this indeed you can see come again. And this indeed you can see for yourselves and be convinced of by for yourselves and be convinced of by for yourselves and be convinced of by fact. For of all races of men there are fact. For of all races of men there are fact. For of all races of men there are some who look for him who was crucified some who look for him who was crucified some who look for him who was crucified in Judea and after whose crucifixion the in Judea and after whose crucifixion the in Judea and after whose crucifixion the land was straightway surrendered to you land was straightway surrendered to you land was straightway surrendered to you as spoil of war. And the prophecy as spoil of war. And the prophecy as spoil of war. And the prophecy binding his fo to the vine and washing binding his fo to the vine and washing binding his fo to the vine and washing his robe in the blood of the grape was a his robe in the blood of the grape was a his robe in the blood of the grape was a significant symbol of the things that significant symbol of the things that significant symbol of the things that were to happen to Christ and of what he were to happen to Christ and of what he were to happen to Christ and of what he was to do. For the f of an ass stood was to do. For the f of an ass stood was to do. For the f of an ass stood bound to a vine at the entrance of a bound to a vine at the entrance of a bound to a vine at the entrance of a village and he ordered his acquaintances village and he ordered his acquaintances village and he ordered his acquaintances to bring it to him. Then and when it was to bring it to him. Then and when it was to bring it to him. Then and when it was brought, he mounted and sat upon it and brought, he mounted and sat upon it and brought, he mounted and sat upon it and entered Jerusalem, where was the vast entered Jerusalem, where was the vast entered Jerusalem, where was the vast temple of the Jews, which was afterwards temple of the Jews, which was afterwards temple of the Jews, which was afterwards destroyed by you. And after this he was destroyed by you. And after this he was destroyed by you. And after this he was crucified, that the rest of the prophecy crucified, that the rest of the prophecy crucified, that the rest of the prophecy might be fulfilled. For this, washing might be fulfilled. For this, washing might be fulfilled. For this, washing his robe in the blood of the grape was his robe in the blood of the grape was his robe in the blood of the grape was predictive of the passion he was to predictive of the passion he was to predictive of the passion he was to endure, cleansing by his blood those who endure, cleansing by his blood those who endure, cleansing by his blood those who believe on him. For what is called by believe on him. For what is called by believe on him. For what is called by the divine spirit through the prophet the divine spirit through the prophet the divine spirit through the prophet his robe, are those men who believe in his robe, are those men who believe in his robe, are those men who believe in him in whom abideth the seed of God, the him in whom abideth the seed of God, the him in whom abideth the seed of God, the word. And what is spoken of as the blood

word. And what is spoken of as the blood word. And what is spoken of as the blood of the grape signifies that he who of the grape signifies that he who of the grape signifies that he who should appear would have blood, though should appear would have blood, though should appear would have blood, though not of the seed of man, but of the power not of the seed of man, but of the power not of the seed of man, but of the power of God. And the first power after God of God. And the first power after God of God. And the first power after God the Father and Lord of all is the Word, the Father and Lord of all is the Word, the Father and Lord of all is the Word, who is also the Son. And of him we will who is also the Son. And of him we will who is also the Son. And of him we will in what follows relate how he took flesh in what follows relate how he took flesh in what follows relate how he took flesh and became man. For as man did not make and became man. For as man did not make and became man. For as man did not make the blood of the vine but God. So it was the blood of the vine but God. So it was the blood of the vine but God. So it was hereby intimated that the blood should hereby intimated that the blood should hereby intimated that the blood should not be of human seed but of divine power not be of human seed but of divine power not be of human seed but of divine power as we have said above. And Isaiah as we have said above. And Isaiah as we have said above. And Isaiah another prophet for telling the same another prophet for telling the same another prophet for telling the same things in other words spoke thus. A star things in other words spoke thus. A star things in other words spoke thus. A star shall rise out of Jacob, and a flower shall rise out of Jacob, and a flower shall rise out of Jacob, and a flower shall spring from the root of Jesse, and shall spring from the root of Jesse, and shall spring from the root of Jesse, and his arm shall the nations trust. And a his arm shall the nations trust. And a his arm shall the nations trust. And a star of light has arisen, and a flower star of light has arisen, and a flower star of light has arisen, and a flower has sprung from the root of Jesse, this has sprung from the root of Jesse, this has sprung from the root of Jesse, this Christ. For by the power of God, he was Christ. For by the power of God, he was Christ. For by the power of God, he was conceived by a virgin of the seed of conceived by a virgin of the seed of conceived by a virgin of the seed of Jacob, who was the father of Judah, who, Jacob, who was the father of Judah, who, Jacob, who was the father of Judah, who, as we have shown, was the father of the as we have shown, was the father of the as we have shown, was the father of the Jews. And Jesse was his forefather Jews. And Jesse was his forefather Jews. And Jesse was his forefather according to the oracle and he was the according to the oracle and he was the according to the oracle and he was the son of Jacob and Judah according to son of Jacob and Judah according to son of Jacob and Judah according to lineal lineal lineal descent. Chapter 33 manner of Christ's descent. Chapter 33 manner of Christ's descent. Chapter 33 manner of Christ's birth birth birth predicted. And here again how Isaiah in predicted. And here again how Isaiah in predicted. And here again how Isaiah in express words foretold that he should be express words foretold that he should be express words foretold that he should be born of a virgin. For he spoke thus, born of a virgin. For he spoke thus, born of a virgin. For he spoke thus, behold, a virgin shall conceive and behold, a virgin shall conceive and behold, a virgin shall conceive and bring forth a son, and they shall say bring forth a son, and they shall say bring forth a son, and they shall say for his name, God with us. For things for his name, God with us. For things for his name, God with us. For things which were incredible and seemed which were incredible and seemed which were incredible and seemed impossible with men, these God predicted

impossible with men, these God predicted impossible with men, these God predicted by the spirit of prophecy as about to by the spirit of prophecy as about to by the spirit of prophecy as about to come to pass, in order that when they come to pass, in order that when they come to pass, in order that when they came to pass, there might be no came to pass, there might be no came to pass, there might be no unbelief, but faith because of their unbelief, but faith because of their unbelief, but faith because of their prediction. But lest some, not prediction. But lest some, not prediction. But lest some, not understanding the prophecy now cited, understanding the prophecy now cited, understanding the prophecy now cited, should charge us with the very things we should charge us with the very things we should charge us with the very things we have been laying to the charge of the have been laying to the charge of the have been laying to the charge of the poets, who say that Jupiter went into poets, who say that Jupiter went into poets, who say that Jupiter went into women through lust. Let us try to women through lust. Let us try to women through lust. Let us try to explain the words. This then, behold, a explain the words. This then, behold, a explain the words. This then, behold, a virgin shall conceive, signifies that a virgin shall conceive, signifies that a virgin shall conceive, signifies that a virgin should conceive without virgin should conceive without virgin should conceive without intercourse. For if she had had intercourse. For if she had had intercourse. For if she had had intercourse with anyone whatever, she intercourse with anyone whatever, she intercourse with anyone whatever, she was no longer a virgin. But the power of was no longer a virgin. But the power of was no longer a virgin. But the power of God, having come upon the virgin, God, having come upon the virgin, God, having come upon the virgin, overshadowed her, and caused her, while overshadowed her, and caused her, while overshadowed her, and caused her, while yet a virgin, to conceive. And the angel yet a virgin, to conceive. And the angel yet a virgin, to conceive. And the angel of God, who was sent to the same virgin of God, who was sent to the same virgin of God, who was sent to the same virgin at that time, brought her good news, at that time, brought her good news, at that time, brought her good news, saying, Behold, thou shalt conceive of saying, Behold, thou shalt conceive of saying, Behold, thou shalt conceive of the Holy Ghost, and shalt bear a son, the Holy Ghost, and shalt bear a son, the Holy Ghost, and shalt bear a son, and he shall be called the Son of the and he shall be called the Son of the and he shall be called the Son of the Highest, and thou shalt call his name Highest, and thou shalt call his name Highest, and thou shalt call his name Jesus, for he shall save his people from Jesus, for he shall save his people from Jesus, for he shall save his people from their sins, as they who have recorded their sins, as they who have recorded their sins, as they who have recorded all that concerns our Savior Jesus all that concerns our Savior Jesus all that concerns our Savior Jesus Christ have taught, whom we believed, Christ have taught, whom we believed, Christ have taught, whom we believed, since by Isaiah also, whom we have now since by Isaiah also, whom we have now since by Isaiah also, whom we have now aduced, the Spirit of prophecy declared aduced, the Spirit of prophecy declared aduced, the Spirit of prophecy declared that he should be born as we intimated that he should be born as we intimated that he should be born as we intimated before. It is wrong, therefore, to before. It is wrong, therefore, to before. It is wrong, therefore, to understand the spirit and the power of understand the spirit and the power of understand the spirit and the power of God as anything else than the word, who God as anything else than the word, who God as anything else than the word, who is also the firstborn of God, as the is also the firstborn of God, as the is also the firstborn of God, as the foresaid prophet Moses declared. And it foresaid prophet Moses declared. And it foresaid prophet Moses declared. And it was this which when it came upon the

was this which when it came upon the was this which when it came upon the virgin and overshadowed her, caused her virgin and overshadowed her, caused her virgin and overshadowed her, caused her to conceive not by intercourse, but by to conceive not by intercourse, but by to conceive not by intercourse, but by power. And the name Jesus in the Hebrew power. And the name Jesus in the Hebrew power. And the name Jesus in the Hebrew language means soter, savior, in the language means soter, savior, in the language means soter, savior, in the Greek tongue. Wherefore too the angel Greek tongue. Wherefore too the angel Greek tongue. Wherefore too the angel said to the virgin, "Thou shalt call his said to the virgin, "Thou shalt call his said to the virgin, "Thou shalt call his name Jesus, for he shall save his people name Jesus, for he shall save his people name Jesus, for he shall save his people from their sins, and that the prophets from their sins, and that the prophets from their sins, and that the prophets are inspired by no other than the divine are inspired by no other than the divine are inspired by no other than the divine word, even you, as I fancy, will word, even you, as I fancy, will word, even you, as I fancy, will grant." Chapter 34. Place of Christ's grant." Chapter 34. Place of Christ's grant." Chapter 34. Place of Christ's birth foretold. And here what part of birth foretold. And here what part of birth foretold. And here what part of earth he was to be born in, as another earth he was to be born in, as another earth he was to be born in, as another prophet, Micah, foretold. He spoke thus, prophet, Micah, foretold. He spoke thus, prophet, Micah, foretold. He spoke thus, "And thou, Bethlehem, the land of Judah, "And thou, Bethlehem, the land of Judah, "And thou, Bethlehem, the land of Judah, art not the least among the princes of art not the least among the princes of art not the least among the princes of Judah, for out of thee shall come forth Judah, for out of thee shall come forth Judah, for out of thee shall come forth a governor, who shall feed my people." a governor, who shall feed my people." a governor, who shall feed my people." Now there is a village in the land of Now there is a village in the land of Now there is a village in the land of the Jews, 35 stadia from Jerusalem, in the Jews, 35 stadia from Jerusalem, in the Jews, 35 stadia from Jerusalem, in which Jesus Christ was born, as you can which Jesus Christ was born, as you can which Jesus Christ was born, as you can ascertain also from the registers of the ascertain also from the registers of the ascertain also from the registers of the taxing made under Serenius, your first taxing made under Serenius, your first taxing made under Serenius, your first procurator in procurator in procurator in Judea. Chapter 35. Other fulfilled Judea. Chapter 35. Other fulfilled Judea. Chapter 35. Other fulfilled prophecies. And how Christ after he was prophecies. And how Christ after he was prophecies. And how Christ after he was born to escape the notice of other men born to escape the notice of other men born to escape the notice of other men until he grew to man's estate, which until he grew to man's estate, which until he grew to man's estate, which also came to pass. Here what was also came to pass. Here what was also came to pass. Here what was foretold regarding this. There are the foretold regarding this. There are the foretold regarding this. There are the following predictions. Unto us a child following predictions. Unto us a child following predictions. Unto us a child is born, and unto us a young man is is born, and unto us a young man is is born, and unto us a young man is given, and the government shall be upon

given, and the government shall be upon given, and the government shall be upon his shoulders, which is significant of his shoulders, which is significant of his shoulders, which is significant of the power of the cross. for to it when the power of the cross. for to it when the power of the cross. for to it when he was crucified, he applied his he was crucified, he applied his he was crucified, he applied his shoulders, as shall be more clearly made shoulders, as shall be more clearly made shoulders, as shall be more clearly made out in the ensuing discourse. And again, out in the ensuing discourse. And again, out in the ensuing discourse. And again, the same prophet Isaiah, being inspired the same prophet Isaiah, being inspired the same prophet Isaiah, being inspired by the prophetic spirit, said, "I have by the prophetic spirit, said, "I have by the prophetic spirit, said, "I have spread out my hands to a disobedient and spread out my hands to a disobedient and spread out my hands to a disobedient and gains people, to those who walk in a way gains people, to those who walk in a way gains people, to those who walk in a way that is not good. They now ask of me that is not good. They now ask of me that is not good. They now ask of me judgment and dare to draw near to God." judgment and dare to draw near to God." judgment and dare to draw near to God." And again in other words through another And again in other words through another And again in other words through another prophet he says they pierced my hands prophet he says they pierced my hands prophet he says they pierced my hands and my feet and for my vesture they cast and my feet and for my vesture they cast and my feet and for my vesture they cast lots. And indeed David the king and lots. And indeed David the king and lots. And indeed David the king and prophet who uttered these things prophet who uttered these things prophet who uttered these things suffered none of them. But Jesus Christ suffered none of them. But Jesus Christ suffered none of them. But Jesus Christ stretched forth his hands being stretched forth his hands being stretched forth his hands being crucified by the Jews speaking against crucified by the Jews speaking against crucified by the Jews speaking against him and denying that he was the Christ. him and denying that he was the Christ. him and denying that he was the Christ. And as the prophet spoke they tormented And as the prophet spoke they tormented And as the prophet spoke they tormented him and set him on the judgment seat and him and set him on the judgment seat and him and set him on the judgment seat and said judge us. And the expression, they said judge us. And the expression, they said judge us. And the expression, they pierced my hands and my feet, was used pierced my hands and my feet, was used pierced my hands and my feet, was used in reference to the nails of the cross in reference to the nails of the cross in reference to the nails of the cross which were fixed in his hands and feet.

which were fixed in his hands and feet. which were fixed in his hands and feet. And after he was crucified, they cast And after he was crucified, they cast And after he was crucified, they cast lots upon his vesture, and they that lots upon his vesture, and they that lots upon his vesture, and they that crucified him parted it among them. And crucified him parted it among them. And crucified him parted it among them. And that these things did happen, you can that these things did happen, you can that these things did happen, you can ascertain from the acts of Pontius ascertain from the acts of Pontius ascertain from the acts of Pontius Pilate. And we will cite the prophetic Pilate. And we will cite the prophetic Pilate. And we will cite the prophetic utterances of another prophet, utterances of another prophet, utterances of another prophet, Zephaniah, to the effect that he was Zephaniah, to the effect that he was Zephaniah, to the effect that he was foretold expressly as to sit upon the fo foretold expressly as to sit upon the fo foretold expressly as to sit upon the fo of an ass and to enter Jerusalem. The of an ass and to enter Jerusalem. The of an ass and to enter Jerusalem. The words are these: Rejoice greatly, O words are these: Rejoice greatly, O words are these: Rejoice greatly, O daughter of Zion. Shout, O daughter of daughter of Zion. Shout, O daughter of daughter of Zion. Shout, O daughter of Jerusalem. Behold, thy king cometh unto Jerusalem. Behold, thy king cometh unto Jerusalem. Behold, thy king cometh unto thee, lowly, and riding upon an ass, and thee, lowly, and riding upon an ass, and thee, lowly, and riding upon an ass, and upon a cult, the fo of an upon a cult, the fo of an upon a cult, the fo of an ass. Chapter 36. Different modes of ass. Chapter 36. Different modes of ass. Chapter 36. Different modes of prophecy. prophecy. prophecy. But when you hear the utterances of the But when you hear the utterances of the But when you hear the utterances of the prophets spoken as if it were prophets spoken as if it were prophets spoken as if it were personally, you must not suppose that personally, you must not suppose that personally, you must not suppose that they are spoken by the inspired they are spoken by the inspired they are spoken by the inspired themselves, but by the divine word who themselves, but by the divine word who themselves, but by the divine word who moves them. For sometimes he declares moves them. For sometimes he declares moves them. For sometimes he declares things that are to come to pass in the things that are to come to pass in the things that are to come to pass in the manner of one who foretells the future.

manner of one who foretells the future. manner of one who foretells the future. Sometimes he speaks as from the person Sometimes he speaks as from the person Sometimes he speaks as from the person of God, the Lord and Father of all. of God, the Lord and Father of all. of God, the Lord and Father of all. Sometimes as from the person of Christ. Sometimes as from the person of Christ. Sometimes as from the person of Christ. sometimes as from the person of the sometimes as from the person of the sometimes as from the person of the people answering the Lord or his father. people answering the Lord or his father. people answering the Lord or his father. Just as you can see even in your own Just as you can see even in your own Just as you can see even in your own writers, one man being the writer of the writers, one man being the writer of the writers, one man being the writer of the whole, but introducing the persons who whole, but introducing the persons who whole, but introducing the persons who converse. And this the Jews who converse. And this the Jews who converse. And this the Jews who possessed the books of the prophets did possessed the books of the prophets did possessed the books of the prophets did not understand and therefore did not not understand and therefore did not not understand and therefore did not recognize Christ even when he came, but recognize Christ even when he came, but recognize Christ even when he came, but even hate us who say that he has come even hate us who say that he has come even hate us who say that he has come and who prove that as was predicted he and who prove that as was predicted he and who prove that as was predicted he was crucified by them. was crucified by them. was crucified by them. Chapter 37, utterances of the Chapter 37, utterances of the Chapter 37, utterances of the Father. And that this too may be clear Father. And that this too may be clear Father. And that this too may be clear to you, there were spoken from the to you, there were spoken from the to you, there were spoken from the person of the Father through Isaiah the person of the Father through Isaiah the person of the Father through Isaiah the prophet the following words. The ox prophet the following words. The ox prophet the following words. The ox knoweth his owner, and the ass his knoweth his owner, and the ass his knoweth his owner, and the ass his master's crib, but Israel does not know, master's crib, but Israel does not know, master's crib, but Israel does not know, and my people hath not understood. Woe, and my people hath not understood. Woe, and my people hath not understood. Woe, sinful nation, a people full of sins, a sinful nation, a people full of sins, a sinful nation, a people full of sins, a wicked seed, children that are wicked seed, children that are wicked seed, children that are transgressors. Ye have forsaken the transgressors. Ye have forsaken the transgressors. Ye have forsaken the Lord. And again elsewhere, when the same Lord. And again elsewhere, when the same Lord. And again elsewhere, when the same prophet speaks in like manner from the prophet speaks in like manner from the prophet speaks in like manner from the person of the father, "What is the house person of the father, "What is the house person of the father, "What is the house that ye will build for me, saith the that ye will build for me, saith the that ye will build for me, saith the Lord? The heaven is my throne, and the Lord? The heaven is my throne, and the Lord? The heaven is my throne, and the earth is my foottool." And again in earth is my foottool." And again in earth is my foottool." And again in another place, your new moons and your another place, your new moons and your another place, your new moons and your sabbaths my soul hateth, and the great sabbaths my soul hateth, and the great sabbaths my soul hateth, and the great day of the fast and of ceasing from day of the fast and of ceasing from day of the fast and of ceasing from labor I cannot away with, nor if ye come labor I cannot away with, nor if ye come labor I cannot away with, nor if ye come to be seen of me, will I hear you. Your

to be seen of me, will I hear you. Your to be seen of me, will I hear you. Your hands are full of blood. And if ye bring hands are full of blood. And if ye bring hands are full of blood. And if ye bring fine flour, incense, it is an fine flour, incense, it is an fine flour, incense, it is an abomination to me. The fat of lambs and abomination to me. The fat of lambs and abomination to me. The fat of lambs and the blood of bulls I do not desire. For the blood of bulls I do not desire. For the blood of bulls I do not desire. For who hath required this at your hands? who hath required this at your hands? who hath required this at your hands? But loose every bond of wickedness, tear But loose every bond of wickedness, tear But loose every bond of wickedness, tear us under the tight knots of violent us under the tight knots of violent us under the tight knots of violent contracts, cover the houseless, and make contracts, cover the houseless, and make contracts, cover the houseless, and make it deal thy bread to the hungry. What it deal thy bread to the hungry. What it deal thy bread to the hungry. What kind of things are taught through the kind of things are taught through the kind of things are taught through the prophets from the person of God? You can prophets from the person of God? You can prophets from the person of God? You can now now now perceive chapter 38 utterances of the perceive chapter 38 utterances of the perceive chapter 38 utterances of the son. And when the spirit of prophecy son. And when the spirit of prophecy son. And when the spirit of prophecy speaks from the person of Christ, the speaks from the person of Christ, the speaks from the person of Christ, the utterances are of this sort. I have utterances are of this sort. I have utterances are of this sort. I have spread out my hands to a disobedient and spread out my hands to a disobedient and spread out my hands to a disobedient and gains people to those who walk in a way gains people to those who walk in a way gains people to those who walk in a way that is not good. And again, I gave my that is not good. And again, I gave my that is not good. And again, I gave my back to the scourges and my cheeks to back to the scourges and my cheeks to back to the scourges and my cheeks to the buffetings. I turned not away my the buffetings. I turned not away my the buffetings. I turned not away my face from the shame of spittings. and face from the shame of spittings. and face from the shame of spittings. and the Lord was my helper. Therefore was I the Lord was my helper. Therefore was I the Lord was my helper. Therefore was I not confounded, but I set my face as a not confounded, but I set my face as a not confounded, but I set my face as a firm rock, and I knew that I should not firm rock, and I knew that I should not firm rock, and I knew that I should not be ashamed, for he is near that be ashamed, for he is near that be ashamed, for he is near that justifieth me." And again, when he says, justifieth me." And again, when he says, justifieth me." And again, when he says, "They cast lots upon my vesture, and "They cast lots upon my vesture, and "They cast lots upon my vesture, and pierced my hands and my feet. And I laid pierced my hands and my feet. And I laid pierced my hands and my feet. And I laid down and slept, and rose again, because down and slept, and rose again, because down and slept, and rose again, because the Lord sustained me." And again when the Lord sustained me." And again when the Lord sustained me." And again when he says they spake with their lips, they he says they spake with their lips, they he says they spake with their lips, they wagged the head, saying, "Let him wagged the head, saying, "Let him wagged the head, saying, "Let him deliver himself." And that all these deliver himself." And that all these deliver himself." And that all these things happened to Christ at the hands things happened to Christ at the hands things happened to Christ at the hands of the Jews, you can ascertain. For when

of the Jews, you can ascertain. For when of the Jews, you can ascertain. For when he was crucified, they did shoot out the he was crucified, they did shoot out the he was crucified, they did shoot out the lip and wag their heads, saying, "Let lip and wag their heads, saying, "Let lip and wag their heads, saying, "Let him who raised the dead save him who raised the dead save him who raised the dead save himself." Chapter 39. Direct predictions himself." Chapter 39. Direct predictions himself." Chapter 39. Direct predictions by the by the by the spirit. And when the spirit of prophecy spirit. And when the spirit of prophecy spirit. And when the spirit of prophecy speaks as predicting things that are to speaks as predicting things that are to speaks as predicting things that are to come to pass, he speaks in this way. For come to pass, he speaks in this way. For come to pass, he speaks in this way. For out of Zion shall go forth the law and out of Zion shall go forth the law and out of Zion shall go forth the law and the word of the Lord from Jerusalem. And the word of the Lord from Jerusalem. And the word of the Lord from Jerusalem. And he shall judge among the nations, and he shall judge among the nations, and he shall judge among the nations, and shall rebuke many people, and they shall shall rebuke many people, and they shall shall rebuke many people, and they shall beat their swords into plowshares, and beat their swords into plowshares, and beat their swords into plowshares, and their spears into pruning hooks. Nation their spears into pruning hooks. Nation their spears into pruning hooks. Nation shall not lift up sword against nation, shall not lift up sword against nation, shall not lift up sword against nation, neither shall they learn war anymore. neither shall they learn war anymore. neither shall they learn war anymore. And that it did so come to pass. We can And that it did so come to pass. We can And that it did so come to pass. We can convince you. For from Jerusalem there convince you. For from Jerusalem there convince you. For from Jerusalem there went out into the world men 12 in number went out into the world men 12 in number went out into the world men 12 in number and these illiterate of no ability in and these illiterate of no ability in and these illiterate of no ability in speaking. But by the power of God they speaking. But by the power of God they speaking. But by the power of God they proclaimed to every race of men that proclaimed to every race of men that proclaimed to every race of men that they were sent by Christ to teach to all they were sent by Christ to teach to all they were sent by Christ to teach to all the word of God. And we who formerly the word of God. And we who formerly the word of God. And we who formerly used to murder one another do not only used to murder one another do not only used to murder one another do not only now refrain from making war upon our now refrain from making war upon our now refrain from making war upon our enemies, but also that we may not lie, enemies, but also that we may not lie, enemies, but also that we may not lie, nor deceive our examiners, willingly die nor deceive our examiners, willingly die nor deceive our examiners, willingly die confessing Christ. For that, saying, confessing Christ. For that, saying, confessing Christ. For that, saying, "The tongue has sworn, but the mind is "The tongue has sworn, but the mind is "The tongue has sworn, but the mind is unsworn, might be imitated by us in this unsworn, might be imitated by us in this unsworn, might be imitated by us in this matter. But if the soldiers enrolled by matter. But if the soldiers enrolled by matter. But if the soldiers enrolled by you and who have taken the military oath you and who have taken the military oath you and who have taken the military oath prefer their allegiance to their own prefer their allegiance to their own prefer their allegiance to their own life and parents and country and all life and parents and country and all life and parents and country and all kindred, though you can offer them

kindred, though you can offer them kindred, though you can offer them nothing incorruptible, it were very nothing incorruptible, it were very nothing incorruptible, it were very ridiculous if we who earnestly long for ridiculous if we who earnestly long for ridiculous if we who earnestly long for incorruption, should not endure all incorruption, should not endure all incorruption, should not endure all things in order to obtain what we desire things in order to obtain what we desire things in order to obtain what we desire from him who is able to grant from him who is able to grant from him who is able to grant it. End of part two. Part three of the first apology of Part three of the first apology of Justin Martyr. This is a LibriVox Justin Martyr. This is a LibriVox Justin Martyr. This is a LibriVox recording. All LibriVox recordings are recording. All LibriVox recordings are recording. All LibriVox recordings are in the public domain. For more in the public domain. For more in the public domain. For more information or to volunteer, please information or to volunteer, please information or to volunteer, please visit visit visit librivox.org. Recording by David Leon. librivox.org. Recording by David Leon. librivox.org. Recording by David Leon. The First Apology by Justin Martyr, The First Apology by Justin Martyr, The First Apology by Justin Martyr, translated by Alexander Roberts and translated by Alexander Roberts and translated by Alexander Roberts and James Donaldson. Part three, chapters James Donaldson. Part three, chapters James Donaldson. Part three, chapters 40- 40- 40- 55. Chapter 40, Christ's Advent 55. Chapter 40, Christ's Advent 55. Chapter 40, Christ's Advent foretold. And here, how it was foretold foretold. And here, how it was foretold foretold. And here, how it was foretold concerning those who published his concerning those who published his concerning those who published his doctrine, and proclaimed his appearance, doctrine, and proclaimed his appearance, doctrine, and proclaimed his appearance, the abovementioned prophet and king, the abovementioned prophet and king, the abovementioned prophet and king, speaking thus by the spirit of prophecy.

speaking thus by the spirit of prophecy. speaking thus by the spirit of prophecy. Day unto day utterth speech, and night Day unto day utterth speech, and night Day unto day utterth speech, and night unto night showeth knowledge. There is unto night showeth knowledge. There is unto night showeth knowledge. There is no speech nor language where their voice no speech nor language where their voice no speech nor language where their voice is not heard. Their voice has gone out is not heard. Their voice has gone out is not heard. Their voice has gone out into all the earth, and their words to into all the earth, and their words to into all the earth, and their words to the ends of the world. In the sun hath the ends of the world. In the sun hath the ends of the world. In the sun hath he set his tabernacle, and he as a he set his tabernacle, and he as a he set his tabernacle, and he as a bridegroom going out of his chamber bridegroom going out of his chamber bridegroom going out of his chamber shall rejoice as a giant to run his shall rejoice as a giant to run his shall rejoice as a giant to run his course. And we have thought it right and course. And we have thought it right and course. And we have thought it right and relevant to mention some other prophetic relevant to mention some other prophetic relevant to mention some other prophetic utterances of David besides these, from utterances of David besides these, from utterances of David besides these, from which you may learn how the spirit of which you may learn how the spirit of which you may learn how the spirit of prophecy exhorts men to live, and how he prophecy exhorts men to live, and how he prophecy exhorts men to live, and how he foretold the conspiracy which was formed foretold the conspiracy which was formed foretold the conspiracy which was formed against Christ by Herod, the king of the against Christ by Herod, the king of the against Christ by Herod, the king of the Jews, and the Jews themselves, and Jews, and the Jews themselves, and Jews, and the Jews themselves, and Pilate, who was your governor among Pilate, who was your governor among Pilate, who was your governor among them, with his soldiers, and how he them, with his soldiers, and how he them, with his soldiers, and how he should be believed on by men of every should be believed on by men of every should be believed on by men of every race, and how God calls him his son, and race, and how God calls him his son, and race, and how God calls him his son, and has declared that he will subdue all his has declared that he will subdue all his has declared that he will subdue all his enemies. under him and how the devils as enemies. under him and how the devils as enemies. under him and how the devils as much as they can strive to escape the much as they can strive to escape the much as they can strive to escape the power of God the Father and Lord of all power of God the Father and Lord of all power of God the Father and Lord of all and the power of Christ himself and how and the power of Christ himself and how and the power of Christ himself and how God calls all to repentance before the God calls all to repentance before the God calls all to repentance before the day of judgment comes. These things were day of judgment comes. These things were day of judgment comes. These things were uttered thus. Blessed is the man who uttered thus. Blessed is the man who uttered thus. Blessed is the man who hath not walked in the counsel of the hath not walked in the counsel of the hath not walked in the counsel of the ungodly, nor stood in the way of ungodly, nor stood in the way of ungodly, nor stood in the way of sinners, nor sat in the seat of the sinners, nor sat in the seat of the sinners, nor sat in the seat of the scornful. But his delight is in the law scornful. But his delight is in the law scornful. But his delight is in the law of the Lord, and in his law will he of the Lord, and in his law will he of the Lord, and in his law will he meditate day and night. And he shall be meditate day and night. And he shall be meditate day and night. And he shall be like a tree planted by the rivers of like a tree planted by the rivers of like a tree planted by the rivers of waters, which shall give his fruit in waters, which shall give his fruit in waters, which shall give his fruit in his season, and his leaf shall not his season, and his leaf shall not his season, and his leaf shall not wither, and whatsoever he doeth shall

wither, and whatsoever he doeth shall wither, and whatsoever he doeth shall prosper. The ungodly are not so, but are prosper. The ungodly are not so, but are prosper. The ungodly are not so, but are like the chaff which the wind driveth like the chaff which the wind driveth like the chaff which the wind driveth away from the face of the earth. away from the face of the earth. away from the face of the earth. Therefore the ungodly shall not stand in Therefore the ungodly shall not stand in Therefore the ungodly shall not stand in the judgment, nor sinners in the counsel the judgment, nor sinners in the counsel the judgment, nor sinners in the counsel of the righteous. For the Lord knoweth of the righteous. For the Lord knoweth of the righteous. For the Lord knoweth the way of the righteous, but the way of the way of the righteous, but the way of the way of the righteous, but the way of the ungodly shall perish. Why do the the ungodly shall perish. Why do the the ungodly shall perish. Why do the heathen rage, and the people imagine new heathen rage, and the people imagine new heathen rage, and the people imagine new things? The kings of the earth set things? The kings of the earth set things? The kings of the earth set themselves, and the rulers take counsel themselves, and the rulers take counsel themselves, and the rulers take counsel together against the Lord, and against together against the Lord, and against together against the Lord, and against his anointed, saying, Let us break their his anointed, saying, Let us break their his anointed, saying, Let us break their bands aunderder, and cast their yoke bands aunderder, and cast their yoke bands aunderder, and cast their yoke from us. He that dwelleth in the heavens from us. He that dwelleth in the heavens from us. He that dwelleth in the heavens shall laugh at them, and the Lord shall shall laugh at them, and the Lord shall shall laugh at them, and the Lord shall have them in derision. Then shall he have them in derision. Then shall he have them in derision. Then shall he speak to them in his wrath, and vex them speak to them in his wrath, and vex them speak to them in his wrath, and vex them in his sore displeasure. Yet have I been in his sore displeasure. Yet have I been in his sore displeasure. Yet have I been set by him a king on Zion, his holy set by him a king on Zion, his holy set by him a king on Zion, his holy hill, declaring the decree of the Lord. hill, declaring the decree of the Lord. hill, declaring the decree of the Lord. The Lord said to me, "Thou art my son. The Lord said to me, "Thou art my son. The Lord said to me, "Thou art my son. This day have I begotten thee. Ask of This day have I begotten thee. Ask of This day have I begotten thee. Ask of me, and I shall give thee the heathen me, and I shall give thee the heathen me, and I shall give thee the heathen for thine inheritance, and the uttermost for thine inheritance, and the uttermost for thine inheritance, and the uttermost parts of the earth as thy possession.

parts of the earth as thy possession. parts of the earth as thy possession. Thou shalt herd them with a rod of iron, Thou shalt herd them with a rod of iron, Thou shalt herd them with a rod of iron, as the vessels of a potter shalt thou as the vessels of a potter shalt thou as the vessels of a potter shalt thou dash them in pieces. Be wise now, dash them in pieces. Be wise now, dash them in pieces. Be wise now, therefore, oh ye kings. Be instructed, therefore, oh ye kings. Be instructed, therefore, oh ye kings. Be instructed, all ye judges of the earth. Serve the all ye judges of the earth. Serve the all ye judges of the earth. Serve the Lord with fear, and rejoice with Lord with fear, and rejoice with Lord with fear, and rejoice with trembling. Embrace instruction, lest at trembling. Embrace instruction, lest at trembling. Embrace instruction, lest at any time the Lord be angry and ye perish any time the Lord be angry and ye perish any time the Lord be angry and ye perish from the right way when his wrath has from the right way when his wrath has from the right way when his wrath has been suddenly kindled. Blessed are all been suddenly kindled. Blessed are all been suddenly kindled. Blessed are all they that put their trust in they that put their trust in they that put their trust in him. Chapter 41, the crucifixion him. Chapter 41, the crucifixion him. Chapter 41, the crucifixion predicted. And again in another predicted. And again in another predicted. And again in another prophecy, the spirit of prophecy through prophecy, the spirit of prophecy through prophecy, the spirit of prophecy through the same David intimated that Christ the same David intimated that Christ the same David intimated that Christ after he had been crucified should reign after he had been crucified should reign after he had been crucified should reign and spoke as follows. Sing to the Lord and spoke as follows. Sing to the Lord and spoke as follows. Sing to the Lord all the earth and day by day declare his all the earth and day by day declare his all the earth and day by day declare his salvation. For great is the Lord and salvation. For great is the Lord and salvation. For great is the Lord and greatly to be praised to be feared above greatly to be praised to be feared above greatly to be praised to be feared above all the gods. For all the gods of the all the gods. For all the gods of the all the gods. For all the gods of the nations are idols of devils, but God nations are idols of devils, but God nations are idols of devils, but God made the heavens. Glory and praise are made the heavens. Glory and praise are made the heavens. Glory and praise are before his face. Strength and glorying before his face. Strength and glorying before his face. Strength and glorying are in the habitation of his holiness.

are in the habitation of his holiness. are in the habitation of his holiness. Give glory to the Lord the Father Give glory to the Lord the Father Give glory to the Lord the Father everlasting. Receive grace and enter his everlasting. Receive grace and enter his everlasting. Receive grace and enter his presence and worship in his holy courts. presence and worship in his holy courts. presence and worship in his holy courts. Let all the earth fear before his face. Let all the earth fear before his face. Let all the earth fear before his face. Let it be established and not shaken. Let it be established and not shaken. Let it be established and not shaken. Let them rejoice among the nations. The Let them rejoice among the nations. The Let them rejoice among the nations. The Lord hath rained from the Lord hath rained from the Lord hath rained from the tree. Chapter 42. prophecy using the tree. Chapter 42. prophecy using the tree. Chapter 42. prophecy using the past tense. But when the spirit of past tense. But when the spirit of past tense. But when the spirit of prophecy speaks of things that are about prophecy speaks of things that are about prophecy speaks of things that are about to come to pass as if they had already to come to pass as if they had already to come to pass as if they had already taken place, as may be observed even in taken place, as may be observed even in taken place, as may be observed even in the passages already cited by me, that the passages already cited by me, that the passages already cited by me, that this circumstance may afford no excuse this circumstance may afford no excuse this circumstance may afford no excuse to readers for misinterpreting them, we to readers for misinterpreting them, we to readers for misinterpreting them, we will make even this also quite plain. will make even this also quite plain. will make even this also quite plain. The things which he absolutely knows The things which he absolutely knows The things which he absolutely knows will take place, he predicts as if will take place, he predicts as if will take place, he predicts as if already they had taken place, and that already they had taken place, and that already they had taken place, and that the utterances must be thus received, the utterances must be thus received, the utterances must be thus received, you will perceive if you give your you will perceive if you give your you will perceive if you give your attention to them. The words cited above attention to them. The words cited above attention to them. The words cited above David uttered 1500 years before Christ David uttered 1500 years before Christ David uttered 1500 years before Christ became a man and was crucified. And no became a man and was crucified. And no became a man and was crucified. And no one of those who lived before him, nor one of those who lived before him, nor one of those who lived before him, nor yet of his contemporaries, afforded joy yet of his contemporaries, afforded joy yet of his contemporaries, afforded joy to the Gentiles by being crucified. But to the Gentiles by being crucified. But to the Gentiles by being crucified. But our Jesus Christ, being crucified and our Jesus Christ, being crucified and our Jesus Christ, being crucified and dead, rose again, and having ascended to dead, rose again, and having ascended to dead, rose again, and having ascended to heaven, reigned. And by those things heaven, reigned. And by those things heaven, reigned. And by those things which were published in his name among which were published in his name among which were published in his name among all nations by the apostles, there is all nations by the apostles, there is all nations by the apostles, there is joy afforded to those who expect the joy afforded to those who expect the joy afforded to those who expect the immortality promised by immortality promised by immortality promised by him. Chapter 43. responsibility

him. Chapter 43. responsibility him. Chapter 43. responsibility asserted. But lest some suppose from asserted. But lest some suppose from asserted. But lest some suppose from what has been said by us that we say what has been said by us that we say what has been said by us that we say that whatever happens happens by a fatal that whatever happens happens by a fatal that whatever happens happens by a fatal necessity because it is foretold as necessity because it is foretold as necessity because it is foretold as known beforehand. This too we explain. known beforehand. This too we explain. known beforehand. This too we explain. We have learned from the prophets and we We have learned from the prophets and we We have learned from the prophets and we hold it to be true that punishments and hold it to be true that punishments and hold it to be true that punishments and chastisements and good rewards are chastisements and good rewards are chastisements and good rewards are rendered according to the merit of each rendered according to the merit of each rendered according to the merit of each man's actions. Since if it be not so, man's actions. Since if it be not so, man's actions. Since if it be not so, but all things happen by fate, neither but all things happen by fate, neither but all things happen by fate, neither is anything at all in our own power. For is anything at all in our own power. For is anything at all in our own power. For if it be faded that this man, eg, be if it be faded that this man, eg, be if it be faded that this man, eg, be good, and this other evil, neither is good, and this other evil, neither is good, and this other evil, neither is the former meritorious nor the latter to the former meritorious nor the latter to the former meritorious nor the latter to be blamed. And again, unless the human be blamed. And again, unless the human be blamed. And again, unless the human race have the power of avoiding evil and race have the power of avoiding evil and race have the power of avoiding evil and choosing good by free choice, they are choosing good by free choice, they are choosing good by free choice, they are not accountable for their actions of not accountable for their actions of not accountable for their actions of whatever kind they be. But that it is by whatever kind they be. But that it is by whatever kind they be. But that it is by free choice they both walk uprightly and free choice they both walk uprightly and free choice they both walk uprightly and stumble, we thus demonstrate. We see the stumble, we thus demonstrate. We see the stumble, we thus demonstrate. We see the same man making a transition to opposite same man making a transition to opposite same man making a transition to opposite things. Now, if it had been faded that things. Now, if it had been faded that things. Now, if it had been faded that he were to be either good or bad, he he were to be either good or bad, he he were to be either good or bad, he could never have been capable of both could never have been capable of both could never have been capable of both the opposites, nor of so many the opposites, nor of so many the opposites, nor of so many transitions. But not even would some be transitions. But not even would some be transitions. But not even would some be good and others bad, since we thus make good and others bad, since we thus make good and others bad, since we thus make fate the cause of evil, and exhibit her fate the cause of evil, and exhibit her fate the cause of evil, and exhibit her as acting in opposition to herself, or as acting in opposition to herself, or as acting in opposition to herself, or that which has been already stated would that which has been already stated would that which has been already stated would seem to be true, that neither virtue nor seem to be true, that neither virtue nor seem to be true, that neither virtue nor vice is anything, but that things are vice is anything, but that things are vice is anything, but that things are only reckoned good or evil by opinion,

only reckoned good or evil by opinion, only reckoned good or evil by opinion, which, as the true word shows, is the which, as the true word shows, is the which, as the true word shows, is the greatest impiiety and wickedness. But greatest impiiety and wickedness. But greatest impiiety and wickedness. But this we assert is inevitable fate, that this we assert is inevitable fate, that this we assert is inevitable fate, that they who choose the good have worthy they who choose the good have worthy they who choose the good have worthy rewards, and they who choose the rewards, and they who choose the rewards, and they who choose the opposite have their merited rewards. For opposite have their merited rewards. For opposite have their merited rewards. For not like other things, as trees and not like other things, as trees and not like other things, as trees and quadripeds, which cannot act by choice, quadripeds, which cannot act by choice, quadripeds, which cannot act by choice, did God make man. For neither would he did God make man. For neither would he did God make man. For neither would he be worthy of reward or praise, did he be worthy of reward or praise, did he be worthy of reward or praise, did he not of himself choose the good, but were not of himself choose the good, but were not of himself choose the good, but were created for this end. Nor if he were created for this end. Nor if he were created for this end. Nor if he were evil would he be worthy of punishment, evil would he be worthy of punishment, evil would he be worthy of punishment, not being evil of himself, but being not being evil of himself, but being not being evil of himself, but being able to be nothing else than what he was able to be nothing else than what he was able to be nothing else than what he was made. Chapter 44, not nullified by made. Chapter 44, not nullified by made. Chapter 44, not nullified by prophecy. And the Holy Spirit of prophecy. And the Holy Spirit of prophecy. And the Holy Spirit of prophecy taught us this, telling us by prophecy taught us this, telling us by prophecy taught us this, telling us by Moses that God spoke thus to the man Moses that God spoke thus to the man Moses that God spoke thus to the man first created, "Behold, before thy face first created, "Behold, before thy face first created, "Behold, before thy face are good and evil, choose the good." and are good and evil, choose the good." and are good and evil, choose the good." and again by the other prophet Isaiah that again by the other prophet Isaiah that again by the other prophet Isaiah that the following utterance was made as if the following utterance was made as if the following utterance was made as if from God the Father and Lord of all.

from God the Father and Lord of all. from God the Father and Lord of all. Wash you, make you clean, put away evils Wash you, make you clean, put away evils Wash you, make you clean, put away evils from your souls, learn to do well, judge from your souls, learn to do well, judge from your souls, learn to do well, judge the orphan, and plead for the widow. And the orphan, and plead for the widow. And the orphan, and plead for the widow. And come and let us reason together, saith come and let us reason together, saith come and let us reason together, saith the Lord. And if your sins be as the Lord. And if your sins be as the Lord. And if your sins be as scarlet, I will make them white as wool. scarlet, I will make them white as wool. scarlet, I will make them white as wool. And if they be red as crimson, I will And if they be red as crimson, I will And if they be red as crimson, I will make them white as snow. And if ye be make them white as snow. And if ye be make them white as snow. And if ye be willing and obey me, ye shall eat the willing and obey me, ye shall eat the willing and obey me, ye shall eat the good of the land. But if ye do not obey good of the land. But if ye do not obey good of the land. But if ye do not obey me, the sword shall devour you. For the me, the sword shall devour you. For the me, the sword shall devour you. For the mouth of the Lord hath spoken it. And mouth of the Lord hath spoken it. And mouth of the Lord hath spoken it. And that expression, the sword shall devour that expression, the sword shall devour that expression, the sword shall devour you, does not mean that the disobedient you, does not mean that the disobedient you, does not mean that the disobedient shall be slain by the sword, but the shall be slain by the sword, but the shall be slain by the sword, but the sword of God is fire of which they who sword of God is fire of which they who sword of God is fire of which they who choose to do wickedly become the fuel. choose to do wickedly become the fuel. choose to do wickedly become the fuel. Wherefore he says, the sword shall Wherefore he says, the sword shall Wherefore he says, the sword shall devour you, for the mouth of the Lord devour you, for the mouth of the Lord devour you, for the mouth of the Lord hath spoken it. And if he had spoken hath spoken it. And if he had spoken hath spoken it. And if he had spoken concerning a sword that cuts and at once concerning a sword that cuts and at once concerning a sword that cuts and at once dispatches, he would not have said, dispatches, he would not have said, dispatches, he would not have said, "Shall devour." And so too Plato, when "Shall devour." And so too Plato, when "Shall devour." And so too Plato, when he says, "The blame is his who chooses, he says, "The blame is his who chooses, he says, "The blame is his who chooses, and God is blameless," took this from and God is blameless," took this from and God is blameless," took this from the prophet Moses and uttered it. For the prophet Moses and uttered it. For the prophet Moses and uttered it. For Moses is more ancient than all the Greek Moses is more ancient than all the Greek Moses is more ancient than all the Greek writers. And whatever both philosophers writers. And whatever both philosophers writers. And whatever both philosophers and poets have said concerning the and poets have said concerning the and poets have said concerning the immortality of the soul or punishments immortality of the soul or punishments immortality of the soul or punishments after death or contemplation of things after death or contemplation of things after death or contemplation of things heavenly or doctrines of the like kind, heavenly or doctrines of the like kind, heavenly or doctrines of the like kind, they have received such suggestions from they have received such suggestions from they have received such suggestions from the prophets as have enabled them to the prophets as have enabled them to the prophets as have enabled them to understand and interpret these understand and interpret these understand and interpret these things. And hence there seem to be seeds things. And hence there seem to be seeds things. And hence there seem to be seeds of truth among all men. But they are

of truth among all men. But they are of truth among all men. But they are charged with not accurately charged with not accurately charged with not accurately understanding the truth when they assert understanding the truth when they assert understanding the truth when they assert contradictories. contradictories. contradictories. So that what we say about future events So that what we say about future events So that what we say about future events being foretold, we do not say it as if being foretold, we do not say it as if being foretold, we do not say it as if they came about by a fatal necessity. they came about by a fatal necessity. they came about by a fatal necessity. But God, for knowing all that shall be But God, for knowing all that shall be But God, for knowing all that shall be done by all men, and it being his decree done by all men, and it being his decree done by all men, and it being his decree that the future actions of men shall all that the future actions of men shall all that the future actions of men shall all be recompensed according to their be recompensed according to their be recompensed according to their several value, he foretells by the several value, he foretells by the several value, he foretells by the spirit of prophecy that he will bestow spirit of prophecy that he will bestow spirit of prophecy that he will bestow meat rewards according to the merit of meat rewards according to the merit of meat rewards according to the merit of the actions done, always urging the the actions done, always urging the the actions done, always urging the human race to effort and recollection, human race to effort and recollection, human race to effort and recollection, showing that he cares and provides for showing that he cares and provides for showing that he cares and provides for men. But by the agency of the devils, men. But by the agency of the devils, men. But by the agency of the devils, death has been decreed against those who death has been decreed against those who death has been decreed against those who read the books of Histaspes or of the read the books of Histaspes or of the read the books of Histaspes or of the civil or of the prophets, that through civil or of the prophets, that through civil or of the prophets, that through fear they may prevent men who read them fear they may prevent men who read them fear they may prevent men who read them from receiving the knowledge of the from receiving the knowledge of the from receiving the knowledge of the good, and may retain them in slavery to good, and may retain them in slavery to good, and may retain them in slavery to themselves, which however they could not themselves, which however they could not themselves, which however they could not always effect. For not only do we always effect. For not only do we always effect. For not only do we fearlessly read them, but as you see, fearlessly read them, but as you see, fearlessly read them, but as you see, bring them for your inspection, knowing bring them for your inspection, knowing bring them for your inspection, knowing that their contents will be pleasing to that their contents will be pleasing to that their contents will be pleasing to all. And if we persuade even a few, our all. And if we persuade even a few, our all. And if we persuade even a few, our gain will be very great. For as good gain will be very great. For as good gain will be very great. For as good husband men, we shall receive the reward husband men, we shall receive the reward husband men, we shall receive the reward from the from the from the master. Chapter 45. Christ's session in master. Chapter 45. Christ's session in master. Chapter 45. Christ's session in heaven foretold.

heaven foretold. heaven foretold. and that God the Father of all would and that God the Father of all would and that God the Father of all would bring Christ to heaven after he had bring Christ to heaven after he had bring Christ to heaven after he had raised him from the dead, and would keep raised him from the dead, and would keep raised him from the dead, and would keep him there until he has subdued his him there until he has subdued his him there until he has subdued his enemies, the devils, and until the enemies, the devils, and until the enemies, the devils, and until the number of those who are fornown by him number of those who are fornown by him number of those who are fornown by him as good and virtuous is complete, on as good and virtuous is complete, on as good and virtuous is complete, on whose account he has still delayed the whose account he has still delayed the whose account he has still delayed the consumation. Hear what was said by the consumation. Hear what was said by the consumation. Hear what was said by the prophet David. These are his words. The prophet David. These are his words. The prophet David. These are his words. The Lord said unto my Lord, "Sit thou at my Lord said unto my Lord, "Sit thou at my Lord said unto my Lord, "Sit thou at my right hand until I make thine enemies right hand until I make thine enemies right hand until I make thine enemies thy foottool." The Lord shall send to thy foottool." The Lord shall send to thy foottool." The Lord shall send to thee the rod of power out of Jerusalem, thee the rod of power out of Jerusalem, thee the rod of power out of Jerusalem, and rule thou in the midst of thine and rule thou in the midst of thine and rule thou in the midst of thine enemies. With thee is the government in enemies. With thee is the government in enemies. With thee is the government in the day of thy power, in the beauties of the day of thy power, in the beauties of the day of thy power, in the beauties of thy saints, from the womb of mourning thy saints, from the womb of mourning thy saints, from the womb of mourning have I begotten thee. That which he says have I begotten thee. That which he says have I begotten thee. That which he says he shall send to thee, the rod of power he shall send to thee, the rod of power he shall send to thee, the rod of power out of Jerusalem, is predictive of the out of Jerusalem, is predictive of the out of Jerusalem, is predictive of the mighty word, which his apostles going mighty word, which his apostles going mighty word, which his apostles going forth from Jerusalem preached forth from Jerusalem preached forth from Jerusalem preached everywhere. And though death is decreed everywhere. And though death is decreed everywhere. And though death is decreed against those who teach or at all against those who teach or at all against those who teach or at all confess the name of Christ, we confess the name of Christ, we confess the name of Christ, we everywhere both embrace and teach it.

everywhere both embrace and teach it. everywhere both embrace and teach it. And if you also read these words in a And if you also read these words in a And if you also read these words in a hostile spirit, ye can do no more, as I hostile spirit, ye can do no more, as I hostile spirit, ye can do no more, as I said before, than kill us, which indeed said before, than kill us, which indeed said before, than kill us, which indeed does no harm to us, but to you and all does no harm to us, but to you and all does no harm to us, but to you and all who unjustly hate us and do not repent who unjustly hate us and do not repent who unjustly hate us and do not repent brings eternal punishment by brings eternal punishment by brings eternal punishment by fire. Chapter 46. the word in the world fire. Chapter 46. the word in the world fire. Chapter 46. the word in the world before before before Christ. But lest some should without Christ. But lest some should without Christ. But lest some should without reason and for the perversion of what we reason and for the perversion of what we reason and for the perversion of what we teach maintain that we say that Christ teach maintain that we say that Christ teach maintain that we say that Christ was born 150 years ago under Sirenius was born 150 years ago under Sirenius was born 150 years ago under Sirenius and subsequently in the time of Pontius and subsequently in the time of Pontius and subsequently in the time of Pontius Pilate taught what we say he taught and Pilate taught what we say he taught and Pilate taught what we say he taught and should cry out against us as though all should cry out against us as though all should cry out against us as though all men who were born before him were men who were born before him were men who were born before him were irresponsible. Let us anticipate and irresponsible. Let us anticipate and irresponsible. Let us anticipate and solve the difficulty. We have been solve the difficulty. We have been solve the difficulty. We have been taught that Christ is the firstborn of taught that Christ is the firstborn of taught that Christ is the firstborn of God. And we have declared above all that God. And we have declared above all that God. And we have declared above all that he is the word of whom every race of men he is the word of whom every race of men he is the word of whom every race of men were partakers. And those who lived were partakers. And those who lived were partakers. And those who lived reasonably are Christians, even though reasonably are Christians, even though reasonably are Christians, even though they have been thought atheists, as they have been thought atheists, as they have been thought atheists, as among the Greeks, Socrates and among the Greeks, Socrates and among the Greeks, Socrates and Heracitis, and men like them. and among Heracitis, and men like them. and among Heracitis, and men like them. and among the barbarians, Abraham and Ananas and the barbarians, Abraham and Ananas and the barbarians, Abraham and Ananas and Azarias and Michel and Elias and many Azarias and Michel and Elias and many Azarias and Michel and Elias and many others whose actions and names we now others whose actions and names we now others whose actions and names we now decline to recount because we know it decline to recount because we know it decline to recount because we know it would be tedious. So that even they who would be tedious. So that even they who would be tedious. So that even they who lived before Christ and lived without lived before Christ and lived without lived before Christ and lived without reason were wicked and hostile to Christ reason were wicked and hostile to Christ reason were wicked and hostile to Christ and slew those who lived reasonably. But and slew those who lived reasonably. But and slew those who lived reasonably. But who through the power of the word who through the power of the word who through the power of the word according to the will of God the Father

according to the will of God the Father according to the will of God the Father and Lord of all, he was born of a virgin and Lord of all, he was born of a virgin and Lord of all, he was born of a virgin as a man and was named Jesus and was as a man and was named Jesus and was as a man and was named Jesus and was crucified and died and rose again and crucified and died and rose again and crucified and died and rose again and ascended into heaven. An intelligent man ascended into heaven. An intelligent man ascended into heaven. An intelligent man will be able to comprehend from what has will be able to comprehend from what has will be able to comprehend from what has been already so largely said. And we, been already so largely said. And we, been already so largely said. And we, since the proof of this subject is less since the proof of this subject is less since the proof of this subject is less needful now, will pass for the present needful now, will pass for the present needful now, will pass for the present to the proof of those things which are to the proof of those things which are to the proof of those things which are urgent. Chapter 47. Desolation of Judea urgent. Chapter 47. Desolation of Judea urgent. Chapter 47. Desolation of Judea foretold that the land of the Jews then foretold that the land of the Jews then foretold that the land of the Jews then was to be laid waste. Hear what was said was to be laid waste. Hear what was said was to be laid waste. Hear what was said by the spirit of prophecy. And the words by the spirit of prophecy. And the words by the spirit of prophecy. And the words were spoken as if from the person of the were spoken as if from the person of the were spoken as if from the person of the people wondering at what had happened. people wondering at what had happened. people wondering at what had happened. They are these. Zion is a wilderness, They are these. Zion is a wilderness, They are these. Zion is a wilderness, Jerusalem a desolation. The house of our Jerusalem a desolation. The house of our Jerusalem a desolation. The house of our sanctuary has become a curse. And the sanctuary has become a curse. And the sanctuary has become a curse. And the glory which our fathers blessed is glory which our fathers blessed is glory which our fathers blessed is burned up with fire, and all its burned up with fire, and all its burned up with fire, and all its glorious things are laid waste. And thou glorious things are laid waste. And thou glorious things are laid waste. And thou refrainest thyself at these things, and refrainest thyself at these things, and refrainest thyself at these things, and hast held thy peace, and hast humbled us hast held thy peace, and hast humbled us hast held thy peace, and hast humbled us very sore. And ye are convinced that very sore. And ye are convinced that very sore. And ye are convinced that Jerusalem has been laid waste, as was Jerusalem has been laid waste, as was Jerusalem has been laid waste, as was predicted. And concerning its predicted. And concerning its predicted. And concerning its desolation, and that no one should be desolation, and that no one should be desolation, and that no one should be permitted to inhabit it, there was the permitted to inhabit it, there was the permitted to inhabit it, there was the following prophecy by Isaiah. Their land following prophecy by Isaiah. Their land following prophecy by Isaiah. Their land is desolate. their enemies consume it is desolate. their enemies consume it is desolate. their enemies consume it before them, and none of them shall before them, and none of them shall before them, and none of them shall dwell therein. And that it is guarded by dwell therein. And that it is guarded by dwell therein. And that it is guarded by you, lest anyone dwell in it, and that you, lest anyone dwell in it, and that you, lest anyone dwell in it, and that death is decreed against a Jew death is decreed against a Jew death is decreed against a Jew apprehended entering it, you know very

apprehended entering it, you know very apprehended entering it, you know very well. Chapter 48, Christ's work and well. Chapter 48, Christ's work and well. Chapter 48, Christ's work and death death death foretold. And that it was predicted that foretold. And that it was predicted that foretold. And that it was predicted that our Christ should heal all diseases and our Christ should heal all diseases and our Christ should heal all diseases and raise the dead. Hear what was said. raise the dead. Hear what was said. raise the dead. Hear what was said. There are these words. At his coming the There are these words. At his coming the There are these words. At his coming the lame shall leap as an heart, and the lame shall leap as an heart, and the lame shall leap as an heart, and the tongue of the stammerer shall be clear tongue of the stammerer shall be clear tongue of the stammerer shall be clear speaking. The blind shall see, and the speaking. The blind shall see, and the speaking. The blind shall see, and the lepers shall be cleansed, and the dead lepers shall be cleansed, and the dead lepers shall be cleansed, and the dead shall rise and walk about. And that he shall rise and walk about. And that he shall rise and walk about. And that he did those things, you can learn from the did those things, you can learn from the did those things, you can learn from the acts of Pontius Pilate, and how it was acts of Pontius Pilate, and how it was acts of Pontius Pilate, and how it was predicted by the spirit of prophecy that predicted by the spirit of prophecy that predicted by the spirit of prophecy that he and those who hoped in him should be he and those who hoped in him should be he and those who hoped in him should be slain. Hear what was said by Isaiah. slain. Hear what was said by Isaiah. slain. Hear what was said by Isaiah. These are the words. Behold now the These are the words. Behold now the These are the words. Behold now the righteous perisheth, and no man layeth righteous perisheth, and no man layeth righteous perisheth, and no man layeth it to heart. And just men are taken it to heart. And just men are taken it to heart. And just men are taken away, and no man considerth. From the away, and no man considerth. From the away, and no man considerth. From the presence of wickedness is the righteous presence of wickedness is the righteous presence of wickedness is the righteous man taken, and his burial shall be in man taken, and his burial shall be in man taken, and his burial shall be in peace. He is taken from our peace. He is taken from our peace. He is taken from our midst. Chapter 49. His rejection by the midst. Chapter 49. His rejection by the midst. Chapter 49. His rejection by the Jews foretold.

Jews foretold. Jews foretold. And again, how it was said by the same And again, how it was said by the same And again, how it was said by the same Isaiah that the gentile nations who were Isaiah that the gentile nations who were Isaiah that the gentile nations who were not looking for him should worship him, not looking for him should worship him, not looking for him should worship him, but the Jews who always expected him but the Jews who always expected him but the Jews who always expected him should not recognize him when he came. should not recognize him when he came. should not recognize him when he came. And the words are spoken as from the And the words are spoken as from the And the words are spoken as from the person of Christ, and they are these. I person of Christ, and they are these. I person of Christ, and they are these. I was manifest to them that asked not for was manifest to them that asked not for was manifest to them that asked not for me. I was found of them that sought me me. I was found of them that sought me me. I was found of them that sought me not. I said, Behold me, to a nation that not. I said, Behold me, to a nation that not. I said, Behold me, to a nation that called not on my name. I spread out my called not on my name. I spread out my called not on my name. I spread out my hands to a disobedient and gains people, hands to a disobedient and gains people, hands to a disobedient and gains people, to those who walked in a way that is not to those who walked in a way that is not to those who walked in a way that is not good, but follow after their own sins, a good, but follow after their own sins, a good, but follow after their own sins, a people that provoketh me to anger to my people that provoketh me to anger to my people that provoketh me to anger to my face. For the Jews, having the face. For the Jews, having the face. For the Jews, having the prophecies, and being always in prophecies, and being always in prophecies, and being always in expectation of the Christ to come, did expectation of the Christ to come, did expectation of the Christ to come, did not recognize him, and not only so, but not recognize him, and not only so, but not recognize him, and not only so, but even treated him shamefully. But the even treated him shamefully. But the even treated him shamefully. But the Gentiles, who had never heard anything Gentiles, who had never heard anything Gentiles, who had never heard anything about Christ, until the apostles set out about Christ, until the apostles set out about Christ, until the apostles set out from Jerusalem and preached concerning from Jerusalem and preached concerning from Jerusalem and preached concerning him, and gave them the prophecies, were him, and gave them the prophecies, were him, and gave them the prophecies, were filled with joy and faith, and cast away filled with joy and faith, and cast away filled with joy and faith, and cast away their idols, and dedicated themselves to their idols, and dedicated themselves to their idols, and dedicated themselves to the unbegotten God through Christ. And the unbegotten God through Christ. And the unbegotten God through Christ. And that it was fornown that these infamous that it was fornown that these infamous that it was fornown that these infamous things should be uttered against those things should be uttered against those things should be uttered against those who confessed Christ, and that those who who confessed Christ, and that those who who confessed Christ, and that those who slandered him, and said that it was well slandered him, and said that it was well slandered him, and said that it was well to preserve the ancient customs should to preserve the ancient customs should to preserve the ancient customs should be miserable. Hear what was briefly said be miserable. Hear what was briefly said be miserable. Hear what was briefly said by Isaiah. It is this. Woe unto them by Isaiah. It is this. Woe unto them by Isaiah. It is this. Woe unto them that call sweet bitter and bitter that call sweet bitter and bitter that call sweet bitter and bitter sweet. Chapter 50. His humiliation sweet. Chapter 50. His humiliation sweet. Chapter 50. His humiliation predicted. But that having become man

predicted. But that having become man predicted. But that having become man for our sakes, he endured to suffer and for our sakes, he endured to suffer and for our sakes, he endured to suffer and to be dishonored, and that he shall come to be dishonored, and that he shall come to be dishonored, and that he shall come again with glory. Here the prophecies again with glory. Here the prophecies again with glory. Here the prophecies which relate to this. They are these. which relate to this. They are these. which relate to this. They are these. because they delivered his soul unto because they delivered his soul unto because they delivered his soul unto death, and he was numbered with the death, and he was numbered with the death, and he was numbered with the transgressors, he has borne the sin of transgressors, he has borne the sin of transgressors, he has borne the sin of many, and shall make intercession for many, and shall make intercession for many, and shall make intercession for the transgressors. For behold, my the transgressors. For behold, my the transgressors. For behold, my servant shall deal prudently, and shall servant shall deal prudently, and shall servant shall deal prudently, and shall be exalted, and shall be greatly be exalted, and shall be greatly be exalted, and shall be greatly extolled. As many were astonished at extolled. As many were astonished at extolled. As many were astonished at thee, so marred shall thy form be before thee, so marred shall thy form be before thee, so marred shall thy form be before men, and so hidden from them thy glory. men, and so hidden from them thy glory. men, and so hidden from them thy glory. So shall many nations wander, and the So shall many nations wander, and the So shall many nations wander, and the kings shall shut their mouths at him. kings shall shut their mouths at him. kings shall shut their mouths at him. For they to whom it was not told For they to whom it was not told For they to whom it was not told concerning him, and they who have not concerning him, and they who have not concerning him, and they who have not heard shall understand, oh Lord, who heard shall understand, oh Lord, who heard shall understand, oh Lord, who hath believed our report, and to whom is hath believed our report, and to whom is hath believed our report, and to whom is the arm of the Lord revealed? We have the arm of the Lord revealed? We have the arm of the Lord revealed? We have declared before him as a child, as a declared before him as a child, as a declared before him as a child, as a root in a dry ground. He had no form nor root in a dry ground. He had no form nor root in a dry ground. He had no form nor glory, and we saw him, and there was no glory, and we saw him, and there was no glory, and we saw him, and there was no form nor comliness. But his form was form nor comliness. But his form was form nor comliness. But his form was dishonored and marred more than the sons dishonored and marred more than the sons dishonored and marred more than the sons of men. a man under the stroke and of men. a man under the stroke and of men. a man under the stroke and knowing how to bear infirmity because knowing how to bear infirmity because knowing how to bear infirmity because his face was turned away. He was his face was turned away. He was his face was turned away. He was despised and of no reputation. It is he despised and of no reputation. It is he despised and of no reputation. It is he who bears our sins and is afflicted for who bears our sins and is afflicted for who bears our sins and is afflicted for us. Yet we did esteem him smitten, us. Yet we did esteem him smitten, us. Yet we did esteem him smitten, stricken, and afflicted. But he was stricken, and afflicted. But he was stricken, and afflicted. But he was wounded for our transgressions. He was wounded for our transgressions. He was wounded for our transgressions. He was bruised for our iniquities. The bruised for our iniquities. The bruised for our iniquities. The chastisement of peace was upon him. And chastisement of peace was upon him. And chastisement of peace was upon him. And by his stripes we are healed. All we

by his stripes we are healed. All we by his stripes we are healed. All we like sheep have gone astray. Every man like sheep have gone astray. Every man like sheep have gone astray. Every man has wandered in his own way, and he has wandered in his own way, and he has wandered in his own way, and he delivered him for our sins, and he delivered him for our sins, and he delivered him for our sins, and he opened not his mouth for all his opened not his mouth for all his opened not his mouth for all his affliction. He was brought as a sheep to affliction. He was brought as a sheep to affliction. He was brought as a sheep to the slaughter, and as a lamb before his the slaughter, and as a lamb before his the slaughter, and as a lamb before his sheerer is dumb, so he openeth not his sheerer is dumb, so he openeth not his sheerer is dumb, so he openeth not his mouth. In his humiliation, his judgment mouth. In his humiliation, his judgment mouth. In his humiliation, his judgment was taken was taken was taken away. Accordingly, after he was away. Accordingly, after he was away. Accordingly, after he was crucified, even all his acquaintances crucified, even all his acquaintances crucified, even all his acquaintances forsook him, having denied him. And forsook him, having denied him. And forsook him, having denied him. And afterwards, when he had risen from the afterwards, when he had risen from the afterwards, when he had risen from the dead, and appeared to them, and had dead, and appeared to them, and had dead, and appeared to them, and had taught them to read the prophecies in taught them to read the prophecies in taught them to read the prophecies in which all these things were foretold, as which all these things were foretold, as which all these things were foretold, as coming to pass, and when they had seen coming to pass, and when they had seen coming to pass, and when they had seen him ascending into heaven, and had him ascending into heaven, and had him ascending into heaven, and had believed, and had received power sent believed, and had received power sent believed, and had received power sent thence by him upon them, and went to thence by him upon them, and went to thence by him upon them, and went to every race of men, they taught these every race of men, they taught these every race of men, they taught these things, and were called things, and were called things, and were called apostles. Chapter 51. The majesty of apostles. Chapter 51. The majesty of apostles. Chapter 51. The majesty of Christ. and that the spirit of prophecy Christ. and that the spirit of prophecy Christ. and that the spirit of prophecy might signify to us that he who suffers might signify to us that he who suffers might signify to us that he who suffers these things has an ineffable origin and these things has an ineffable origin and these things has an ineffable origin and rules his enemies he spake thus his rules his enemies he spake thus his rules his enemies he spake thus his generation who shall declare because his generation who shall declare because his generation who shall declare because his life is cut off from the earth for their life is cut off from the earth for their life is cut off from the earth for their transgressions he comes to death and I transgressions he comes to death and I transgressions he comes to death and I will give the wicked for his burial and will give the wicked for his burial and will give the wicked for his burial and the rich for his death because he did no the rich for his death because he did no the rich for his death because he did no violence neither was any deceit in his violence neither was any deceit in his violence neither was any deceit in his mouth and the Lord is pleased to cleanse mouth and the Lord is pleased to cleanse mouth and the Lord is pleased to cleanse him from the stripe if he be given for him from the stripe if he be given for him from the stripe if he be given for sin. Your soul shall see his seed sin. Your soul shall see his seed sin. Your soul shall see his seed prolonged in days. And the Lord is

prolonged in days. And the Lord is prolonged in days. And the Lord is pleased to deliver his soul from grief, pleased to deliver his soul from grief, pleased to deliver his soul from grief, to show him light, and to form him with to show him light, and to form him with to show him light, and to form him with knowledge, to justify the righteous, who knowledge, to justify the righteous, who knowledge, to justify the righteous, who richly serveth many. And he shall bear richly serveth many. And he shall bear richly serveth many. And he shall bear our iniquities. Therefore, he shall our iniquities. Therefore, he shall our iniquities. Therefore, he shall inherit many, and he shall divide the inherit many, and he shall divide the inherit many, and he shall divide the spoil of the strong, because his soul spoil of the strong, because his soul spoil of the strong, because his soul was delivered to death, and he was was delivered to death, and he was was delivered to death, and he was numbered with the transgressors, and he numbered with the transgressors, and he numbered with the transgressors, and he bear the sins of many, and he was bear the sins of many, and he was bear the sins of many, and he was delivered up for their delivered up for their delivered up for their transgressions. Hearto how he was to transgressions. Hearto how he was to transgressions. Hearto how he was to ascend into heaven according to ascend into heaven according to ascend into heaven according to prophecy. It was thus spoken, "Lift up prophecy. It was thus spoken, "Lift up prophecy. It was thus spoken, "Lift up the gates of heaven, be ye opened, that the gates of heaven, be ye opened, that the gates of heaven, be ye opened, that the King of glory may come in." Who is the King of glory may come in." Who is the King of glory may come in." Who is this King of glory? the Lord strong and this King of glory? the Lord strong and this King of glory? the Lord strong and mighty. And how also he should come mighty. And how also he should come mighty. And how also he should come again out of heaven with glory. Hear again out of heaven with glory. Hear again out of heaven with glory. Hear what was spoken in reference to this by what was spoken in reference to this by what was spoken in reference to this by the prophet Jeremiah. His words are, the prophet Jeremiah. His words are, the prophet Jeremiah. His words are, "Behold, as the son of man, he cometh in "Behold, as the son of man, he cometh in "Behold, as the son of man, he cometh in the clouds of heaven, and his angels the clouds of heaven, and his angels the clouds of heaven, and his angels with with with him." Chapter 52. Certain fulfillment of him." Chapter 52. Certain fulfillment of him." Chapter 52. Certain fulfillment of prophecy. Since then we prove that all prophecy. Since then we prove that all prophecy. Since then we prove that all things which have already happened had things which have already happened had things which have already happened had been predicted by the prophets before been predicted by the prophets before been predicted by the prophets before they came to pass, we must necessarily they came to pass, we must necessarily they came to pass, we must necessarily believe also that those things which are believe also that those things which are believe also that those things which are in like manner predicted, but are yet to in like manner predicted, but are yet to in like manner predicted, but are yet to come to pass shall certainly happen. For come to pass shall certainly happen. For come to pass shall certainly happen. For as the things which have already taken as the things which have already taken as the things which have already taken place came to pass when foretold, and place came to pass when foretold, and place came to pass when foretold, and even though unknown, so shall the things even though unknown, so shall the things even though unknown, so shall the things that remain, even though they be unknown that remain, even though they be unknown that remain, even though they be unknown and disbelieved, yet come to pass. For

and disbelieved, yet come to pass. For and disbelieved, yet come to pass. For the prophets have proclaimed two advents the prophets have proclaimed two advents the prophets have proclaimed two advents of his. The one that which is already of his. The one that which is already of his. The one that which is already passed when he came as a dishonored and passed when he came as a dishonored and passed when he came as a dishonored and suffering man. But the second when suffering man. But the second when suffering man. But the second when according to prophecy he shall come from according to prophecy he shall come from according to prophecy he shall come from heaven with glory accompanied by his heaven with glory accompanied by his heaven with glory accompanied by his angelic host. When also he shall raise angelic host. When also he shall raise angelic host. When also he shall raise the bodies of all men who have lived, the bodies of all men who have lived, the bodies of all men who have lived, and shall clothe those of the worthy and shall clothe those of the worthy and shall clothe those of the worthy with immortality, and shall send those with immortality, and shall send those with immortality, and shall send those of the wicked endued with eternal of the wicked endued with eternal of the wicked endued with eternal sensibility into everlasting fire with sensibility into everlasting fire with sensibility into everlasting fire with the wicked devils. And that these things the wicked devils. And that these things the wicked devils. And that these things also have been foretold as yet to be, we also have been foretold as yet to be, we also have been foretold as yet to be, we will prove. By Ezekiel the prophet it will prove. By Ezekiel the prophet it will prove. By Ezekiel the prophet it was said joint shall be joined to joint was said joint shall be joined to joint was said joint shall be joined to joint and bone to bone and flesh shall grow and bone to bone and flesh shall grow and bone to bone and flesh shall grow again and every knee shall bow to the again and every knee shall bow to the again and every knee shall bow to the Lord and every tongue shall confess him. Lord and every tongue shall confess him. Lord and every tongue shall confess him. And in what kind of sensation and And in what kind of sensation and And in what kind of sensation and punishment the wicked are to be hear punishment the wicked are to be hear punishment the wicked are to be hear from what was said in like manner with from what was said in like manner with from what was said in like manner with reference to this. It is as follows. reference to this. It is as follows. reference to this. It is as follows. Their worm shall not rest and their fire Their worm shall not rest and their fire Their worm shall not rest and their fire shall not be quenched. And then they shall not be quenched. And then they shall not be quenched. And then they shall repent when it profits them not.

shall repent when it profits them not. shall repent when it profits them not. And what the people of the Jews shall And what the people of the Jews shall And what the people of the Jews shall say and do when they see him coming in say and do when they see him coming in say and do when they see him coming in glory has been thus predicted by glory has been thus predicted by glory has been thus predicted by Zechariah the prophet. I will command Zechariah the prophet. I will command Zechariah the prophet. I will command the four winds to gather the scattered the four winds to gather the scattered the four winds to gather the scattered children. I will command the north wind children. I will command the north wind children. I will command the north wind to bring them and the south wind that it to bring them and the south wind that it to bring them and the south wind that it keep not back. And then in Jerusalem keep not back. And then in Jerusalem keep not back. And then in Jerusalem there shall be great lamentation, not there shall be great lamentation, not there shall be great lamentation, not the lamentation of mouths or of lips, the lamentation of mouths or of lips, the lamentation of mouths or of lips, but the lamentation of the heart. And but the lamentation of the heart. And but the lamentation of the heart. And they shall rend not their garments, but they shall rend not their garments, but they shall rend not their garments, but their hearts. Tribe by tribe they shall their hearts. Tribe by tribe they shall their hearts. Tribe by tribe they shall mourn. And then they shall look on him mourn. And then they shall look on him mourn. And then they shall look on him whom they have pierced and they shall whom they have pierced and they shall whom they have pierced and they shall say, "Why, oh Lord, hast thou made us to say, "Why, oh Lord, hast thou made us to say, "Why, oh Lord, hast thou made us to heir from thy way? The glory which our heir from thy way? The glory which our heir from thy way? The glory which our fathers blessed has for us been turned fathers blessed has for us been turned fathers blessed has for us been turned into into into shame." Chapter 53. Summary of the shame." Chapter 53. Summary of the shame." Chapter 53. Summary of the prophecies. prophecies. prophecies. Though we could bring forward many other Though we could bring forward many other Though we could bring forward many other prophecies, we forebear, judging these prophecies, we forebear, judging these prophecies, we forebear, judging these sufficient for the persuasion of those sufficient for the persuasion of those sufficient for the persuasion of those who have ears to hear and understand, who have ears to hear and understand, who have ears to hear and understand, and considering also that those persons and considering also that those persons and considering also that those persons are able to see that we do not make mere are able to see that we do not make mere are able to see that we do not make mere assertions without being able to produce assertions without being able to produce assertions without being able to produce proof, like those fables that are told proof, like those fables that are told proof, like those fables that are told of the so-called sons of Jupiter. For of the so-called sons of Jupiter. For of the so-called sons of Jupiter. For with what reason should we believe of a with what reason should we believe of a with what reason should we believe of a crucified man, that he is the firstborn crucified man, that he is the firstborn crucified man, that he is the firstborn of the unbegotten God, and himself will of the unbegotten God, and himself will of the unbegotten God, and himself will pass judgment on the whole human race, pass judgment on the whole human race, pass judgment on the whole human race, unless we had found testimonies unless we had found testimonies unless we had found testimonies concerning him, published before he came concerning him, published before he came concerning him, published before he came and was born as man, and unless we saw and was born as man, and unless we saw and was born as man, and unless we saw that things had happened accordingly, that things had happened accordingly, that things had happened accordingly, the devastation of the land of the Jews,

the devastation of the land of the Jews, the devastation of the land of the Jews, and men of every race persuaded by his and men of every race persuaded by his and men of every race persuaded by his teaching through the apostles, and teaching through the apostles, and teaching through the apostles, and rejecting their old habits, in which, rejecting their old habits, in which, rejecting their old habits, in which, being deceived, they had their being deceived, they had their being deceived, they had their conversation. conversation. conversation. Yay, seeing ourselves too, and knowing Yay, seeing ourselves too, and knowing Yay, seeing ourselves too, and knowing that the Christians from among the that the Christians from among the that the Christians from among the Gentiles are both more numerous and more Gentiles are both more numerous and more Gentiles are both more numerous and more true than those from among the Jews and true than those from among the Jews and true than those from among the Jews and Samaritans. For all the other human Samaritans. For all the other human Samaritans. For all the other human races are called Gentiles by the spirit races are called Gentiles by the spirit races are called Gentiles by the spirit of prophecy. But the Jewish and of prophecy. But the Jewish and of prophecy. But the Jewish and Samaritan races are called the tribe of Samaritan races are called the tribe of Samaritan races are called the tribe of Israel and the house of Jacob. And the Israel and the house of Jacob. And the Israel and the house of Jacob. And the prophecy in which it was predicted that prophecy in which it was predicted that prophecy in which it was predicted that there should be more believers from the there should be more believers from the there should be more believers from the Gentiles than from the Jews and Gentiles than from the Jews and Gentiles than from the Jews and Samaritans, we will produce. It ran Samaritans, we will produce. It ran Samaritans, we will produce. It ran thus. Rejoice, O baron, thou that dost thus. Rejoice, O baron, thou that dost thus. Rejoice, O baron, thou that dost not bear. Break forth and shout, thou not bear. Break forth and shout, thou not bear. Break forth and shout, thou that dost not travail, because many more that dost not travail, because many more that dost not travail, because many more are the children of the desolate than of are the children of the desolate than of are the children of the desolate than of her that hath unhusband. For all the her that hath unhusband. For all the her that hath unhusband. For all the Gentiles were desolate of the true God, Gentiles were desolate of the true God, Gentiles were desolate of the true God, serving the works of their hands. But serving the works of their hands. But serving the works of their hands. But the Jews and Samaritans, having the word the Jews and Samaritans, having the word the Jews and Samaritans, having the word of God delivered to them by the of God delivered to them by the of God delivered to them by the prophets, and always expecting the prophets, and always expecting the prophets, and always expecting the Christ, did not recognize him when he Christ, did not recognize him when he Christ, did not recognize him when he came, except some few of whom the spirit came, except some few of whom the spirit came, except some few of whom the spirit of prophecy by Isaiah had predicted that of prophecy by Isaiah had predicted that of prophecy by Isaiah had predicted that they should be saved. He spoke as from they should be saved. He spoke as from they should be saved. He spoke as from their person, except the Lord had left their person, except the Lord had left their person, except the Lord had left us a seed, we should have been as Sodom us a seed, we should have been as Sodom us a seed, we should have been as Sodom and Gomorrah. For Sodom and Gomorrah are and Gomorrah. For Sodom and Gomorrah are and Gomorrah. For Sodom and Gomorrah are related by Moses to have been cities of related by Moses to have been cities of related by Moses to have been cities of ungodly men, which God burned with fire ungodly men, which God burned with fire ungodly men, which God burned with fire and brimstone, and overthrew, no one of and brimstone, and overthrew, no one of and brimstone, and overthrew, no one of their inhabitants being saved, except a

their inhabitants being saved, except a their inhabitants being saved, except a certain stranger, a Calaldian by birth, certain stranger, a Calaldian by birth, certain stranger, a Calaldian by birth, whose name was Lot, with whom also his whose name was Lot, with whom also his whose name was Lot, with whom also his daughters were rescued. And those who daughters were rescued. And those who daughters were rescued. And those who care may yet see their whole country care may yet see their whole country care may yet see their whole country desolate and burned and remaining desolate and burned and remaining desolate and burned and remaining barren. And to show how those from among barren. And to show how those from among barren. And to show how those from among the Gentiles were foretold as more true the Gentiles were foretold as more true the Gentiles were foretold as more true and more believing, we will cite what and more believing, we will cite what and more believing, we will cite what was said by Isaiah the prophet. For he was said by Isaiah the prophet. For he was said by Isaiah the prophet. For he spoke as follows. Israel is spoke as follows. Israel is spoke as follows. Israel is uncircumcised in heart, but the Gentiles uncircumcised in heart, but the Gentiles uncircumcised in heart, but the Gentiles are uncircumcised in the flesh. So many are uncircumcised in the flesh. So many are uncircumcised in the flesh. So many things, therefore, as these, when they things, therefore, as these, when they things, therefore, as these, when they are seen with the eye, are enough to are seen with the eye, are enough to are seen with the eye, are enough to produce conviction and belief in those produce conviction and belief in those produce conviction and belief in those who embrace the truth, and are not who embrace the truth, and are not who embrace the truth, and are not bigoted in their opinions, nor are bigoted in their opinions, nor are bigoted in their opinions, nor are governed by their governed by their governed by their passions. Chapter 54. Origin of heathen passions. Chapter 54. Origin of heathen passions. Chapter 54. Origin of heathen mythology. mythology. mythology. But those who hand down the myths which But those who hand down the myths which But those who hand down the myths which the poets have made aduce no proof to the poets have made aduce no proof to the poets have made aduce no proof to the youths who learn them, and we the youths who learn them, and we the youths who learn them, and we proceed to demonstrate that they have proceed to demonstrate that they have proceed to demonstrate that they have been uttered by the influence of the been uttered by the influence of the been uttered by the influence of the wicked demons to deceive and lead astray wicked demons to deceive and lead astray wicked demons to deceive and lead astray the human race. For having heard it the human race. For having heard it the human race. For having heard it proclaimed through the prophets that the proclaimed through the prophets that the proclaimed through the prophets that the Christ was to come, and that the ungodly Christ was to come, and that the ungodly Christ was to come, and that the ungodly among men were to be punished by fire, among men were to be punished by fire, among men were to be punished by fire, they put forward many to be called sons they put forward many to be called sons they put forward many to be called sons of Jupiter, under the impression that of Jupiter, under the impression that of Jupiter, under the impression that they would be able to produce in men the they would be able to produce in men the they would be able to produce in men the idea that the things which were said idea that the things which were said idea that the things which were said with regard to Christ were mere with regard to Christ were mere with regard to Christ were mere marvelous tales, like the things which marvelous tales, like the things which marvelous tales, like the things which were said by the poets. And these things were said by the poets. And these things were said by the poets. And these things were said both among the Greeks and were said both among the Greeks and were said both among the Greeks and among all nations where they the demons

among all nations where they the demons among all nations where they the demons heard the prophets foretelling that heard the prophets foretelling that heard the prophets foretelling that Christ would specially be believed in. Christ would specially be believed in. Christ would specially be believed in. But that in hearing what was said by the But that in hearing what was said by the But that in hearing what was said by the prophets, they did not accurately prophets, they did not accurately prophets, they did not accurately understand it, but imitated what was understand it, but imitated what was understand it, but imitated what was said of our Christ, like men who are in said of our Christ, like men who are in said of our Christ, like men who are in error, we will make plain. The prophet error, we will make plain. The prophet error, we will make plain. The prophet Moses then was, as we have already said, Moses then was, as we have already said, Moses then was, as we have already said, older than all writers. And by him, as older than all writers. And by him, as older than all writers. And by him, as we have also said before, it was thus we have also said before, it was thus we have also said before, it was thus predicted, there shall not fail a prince predicted, there shall not fail a prince predicted, there shall not fail a prince from Judah, nor a lawgiver from between from Judah, nor a lawgiver from between from Judah, nor a lawgiver from between his feet, until he come for whom it is his feet, until he come for whom it is his feet, until he come for whom it is reserved, and he shall be the desire of reserved, and he shall be the desire of reserved, and he shall be the desire of the Gentiles, binding his fold to the the Gentiles, binding his fold to the the Gentiles, binding his fold to the vine, washing his robe in the blood of vine, washing his robe in the blood of vine, washing his robe in the blood of the grape. The devils accordingly when the grape. The devils accordingly when the grape. The devils accordingly when they heard these prophetic words said they heard these prophetic words said they heard these prophetic words said that Bakus was the son of Jupiter and that Bakus was the son of Jupiter and that Bakus was the son of Jupiter and gave out that he was the discoverer of gave out that he was the discoverer of gave out that he was the discoverer of the vine and they number wine or the ass the vine and they number wine or the ass the vine and they number wine or the ass among his mysteries. And they taught among his mysteries. And they taught among his mysteries. And they taught that having been torn in pieces he that having been torn in pieces he that having been torn in pieces he ascended into heaven. And because in the ascended into heaven. And because in the ascended into heaven. And because in the prophecy of Moses it had not been prophecy of Moses it had not been prophecy of Moses it had not been expressly intimated whether he who was expressly intimated whether he who was expressly intimated whether he who was to come was the son of God and whether to come was the son of God and whether to come was the son of God and whether he would riding on the fo remain on he would riding on the fo remain on he would riding on the fo remain on earth or ascend into heaven. And because earth or ascend into heaven. And because earth or ascend into heaven. And because the name of fo could mean either the f the name of fo could mean either the f the name of fo could mean either the f of an ass or the fo of a horse. They not of an ass or the fo of a horse. They not of an ass or the fo of a horse. They not knowing whether he who was foretold knowing whether he who was foretold knowing whether he who was foretold would bring the full of an ass or of a would bring the full of an ass or of a would bring the full of an ass or of a horse as the sign of his coming nor horse as the sign of his coming nor horse as the sign of his coming nor whether he was the son of God as we said whether he was the son of God as we said whether he was the son of God as we said above or of man. They gave out that above or of man. They gave out that above or of man. They gave out that Bolerafon, a man born of man, himself

Bolerafon, a man born of man, himself Bolerafon, a man born of man, himself ascended to heaven on his horse Pegasus. ascended to heaven on his horse Pegasus. ascended to heaven on his horse Pegasus. And when they heard it said by the other And when they heard it said by the other And when they heard it said by the other prophet Isaiah, that he should be born prophet Isaiah, that he should be born prophet Isaiah, that he should be born of a virgin and by his own means ascend of a virgin and by his own means ascend of a virgin and by his own means ascend into heaven, they pretended that Perseus into heaven, they pretended that Perseus into heaven, they pretended that Perseus was spoken of. And when they knew what was spoken of. And when they knew what was spoken of. And when they knew what was said, as has been cited above, in was said, as has been cited above, in was said, as has been cited above, in the prophecies written a four time, the prophecies written a four time, the prophecies written a four time, strong as a giant to run his course, strong as a giant to run his course, strong as a giant to run his course, they said that Hercules was strong and they said that Hercules was strong and they said that Hercules was strong and had journeyied over the whole earth. And had journeyied over the whole earth. And had journeyied over the whole earth. And when again they learned that it had been when again they learned that it had been when again they learned that it had been foretold that he should heal every foretold that he should heal every foretold that he should heal every sickness and raise the dead, they sickness and raise the dead, they sickness and raise the dead, they produced produced produced Escalapius. Chapter 55. Symbols of the Escalapius. Chapter 55. Symbols of the Escalapius. Chapter 55. Symbols of the cross. But in no instance, not even in cross. But in no instance, not even in cross. But in no instance, not even in any of those called sons of Jupiter, did any of those called sons of Jupiter, did any of those called sons of Jupiter, did they imitate the being crucified. For it they imitate the being crucified. For it they imitate the being crucified. For it was not understood by them, all the was not understood by them, all the was not understood by them, all the things said of it having been put things said of it having been put things said of it having been put symbolically. And this, as the prophet symbolically. And this, as the prophet symbolically. And this, as the prophet foretold, is the greatest symbol of his foretold, is the greatest symbol of his foretold, is the greatest symbol of his power and role, as is also proved by the power and role, as is also proved by the power and role, as is also proved by the things which fall under our things which fall under our things which fall under our observation. For consider all the things observation. For consider all the things observation. For consider all the things in the world, whether without this form in the world, whether without this form in the world, whether without this form they could be administered, or have any they could be administered, or have any they could be administered, or have any community. For the sea is not traversed, community. For the sea is not traversed, community. For the sea is not traversed, except that trophy which is called a except that trophy which is called a except that trophy which is called a sail abide safe in the ship, and the sail abide safe in the ship, and the sail abide safe in the ship, and the earth is not plowed without it. Diggers earth is not plowed without it. Diggers earth is not plowed without it. Diggers and mechanics do not their work except and mechanics do not their work except and mechanics do not their work except with tools which have this shape. And with tools which have this shape. And with tools which have this shape. And the human form differs from that of the the human form differs from that of the the human form differs from that of the irrational animals in nothing else than irrational animals in nothing else than irrational animals in nothing else than in its being erect and having the hands in its being erect and having the hands in its being erect and having the hands extended and having on the face

extended and having on the face extended and having on the face extending from the forehead what is extending from the forehead what is extending from the forehead what is called the nose through which there is called the nose through which there is called the nose through which there is respiration for the living creature. And respiration for the living creature. And respiration for the living creature. And this shows no other form than that of this shows no other form than that of this shows no other form than that of the cross. And so it was said by the the cross. And so it was said by the the cross. And so it was said by the prophet, the breath before our face is prophet, the breath before our face is prophet, the breath before our face is the Lord Christ. And the power of this the Lord Christ. And the power of this the Lord Christ. And the power of this form is shown by your own symbols on form is shown by your own symbols on form is shown by your own symbols on what are called vexilla banners and what are called vexilla banners and what are called vexilla banners and trophies with which all your state trophies with which all your state trophies with which all your state possessions are made using these as the possessions are made using these as the possessions are made using these as the insignia of your power and government insignia of your power and government insignia of your power and government even though you do so unwittingly. And even though you do so unwittingly. And even though you do so unwittingly. And with this form you consecrate the images with this form you consecrate the images with this form you consecrate the images of your emperors when they die. And you of your emperors when they die. And you of your emperors when they die. And you name them gods by inscriptions. Since name them gods by inscriptions. Since name them gods by inscriptions. Since therefore we have urged you both by therefore we have urged you both by therefore we have urged you both by reason and by an evident form and to the reason and by an evident form and to the reason and by an evident form and to the utmost of our ability, we know that now utmost of our ability, we know that now utmost of our ability, we know that now we are blameless even though you we are blameless even though you we are blameless even though you disbelieve, for our part is done and disbelieve, for our part is done and disbelieve, for our part is done and finished. End of part three.

Part four of the first apology of Justin Part four of the first apology of Justin Martyr. This is a LibriVox recording. Martyr. This is a LibriVox recording. Martyr. This is a LibriVox recording. All LibriVox recordings are in the All LibriVox recordings are in the All LibriVox recordings are in the public domain. For more information or public domain. For more information or public domain. For more information or to volunteer, please visit to volunteer, please visit to volunteer, please visit librivox.org. Recording by David librivox.org. Recording by David librivox.org. Recording by David Leon. The First Apology by Justin Leon. The First Apology by Justin Leon. The First Apology by Justin Martyr, translated by Alexander Roberts Martyr, translated by Alexander Roberts Martyr, translated by Alexander Roberts and James Donaldson. Part 4, chapters and James Donaldson. Part 4, chapters and James Donaldson. Part 4, chapters 56-68. with the epistles of Adrien 56-68. with the epistles of Adrien 56-68. with the epistles of Adrien Antonyinus and Marcus Antonyinus and Marcus Antonyinus and Marcus Aurelius. Chapter 56. The demons still Aurelius. Chapter 56. The demons still Aurelius. Chapter 56. The demons still mislead mislead mislead men. But the evil spirits were not men. But the evil spirits were not men. But the evil spirits were not satisfied with saying before Christ's satisfied with saying before Christ's satisfied with saying before Christ's appearance that those who were said to appearance that those who were said to appearance that those who were said to be sons of Jupiter were born of him. But be sons of Jupiter were born of him. But be sons of Jupiter were born of him. But after he had appeared and been born after he had appeared and been born after he had appeared and been born among men, and when they learned how he among men, and when they learned how he among men, and when they learned how he had been foretold by the prophets, and had been foretold by the prophets, and had been foretold by the prophets, and knew that he should be believed on and knew that he should be believed on and knew that he should be believed on and looked for by every nation, they again, looked for by every nation, they again, looked for by every nation, they again, as was said above, put forward other as was said above, put forward other as was said above, put forward other men, the Samaritans, Simon and Minander, men, the Samaritans, Simon and Minander, men, the Samaritans, Simon and Minander, who did many mighty works by magic, and who did many mighty works by magic, and who did many mighty works by magic, and deceived many, and still keep them deceived many, and still keep them deceived many, and still keep them deceived. For even among yourselves, as deceived. For even among yourselves, as deceived. For even among yourselves, as we said before, Simon was in the royal we said before, Simon was in the royal we said before, Simon was in the royal city Rome in the reign of Claudius city Rome in the reign of Claudius city Rome in the reign of Claudius Caesar, and so greatly astonished the Caesar, and so greatly astonished the Caesar, and so greatly astonished the sacred senate and the people of the sacred senate and the people of the sacred senate and the people of the Romans that he was considered a god, and Romans that he was considered a god, and Romans that he was considered a god, and honored like the others whom you honor honored like the others whom you honor honored like the others whom you honor as gods with a statue. Wherefore we pray as gods with a statue. Wherefore we pray as gods with a statue. Wherefore we pray that the sacred senate and your people that the sacred senate and your people that the sacred senate and your people may along with yourselves be arbiters of may along with yourselves be arbiters of may along with yourselves be arbiters of this our memorial in order that if

this our memorial in order that if this our memorial in order that if anyone be entangled by that man's anyone be entangled by that man's anyone be entangled by that man's doctrines he may learn the truth and so doctrines he may learn the truth and so doctrines he may learn the truth and so be able to escape error and as for the be able to escape error and as for the be able to escape error and as for the statue if you please destroy statue if you please destroy statue if you please destroy it. Chapter 57 and cause it. Chapter 57 and cause it. Chapter 57 and cause persecution. Nor can the devils persuade persecution. Nor can the devils persuade persecution. Nor can the devils persuade men that there will be no confflration men that there will be no confflration men that there will be no confflration for the punishment of the wicked as they for the punishment of the wicked as they for the punishment of the wicked as they were unable to affect that Christ should were unable to affect that Christ should were unable to affect that Christ should be hidden after he came. But this only be hidden after he came. But this only be hidden after he came. But this only can they affect that they who live can they affect that they who live can they affect that they who live irrationally and were brought up irrationally and were brought up irrationally and were brought up lentiously in wicked customs and are lentiously in wicked customs and are lentiously in wicked customs and are prejudiced in their own opinions should prejudiced in their own opinions should prejudiced in their own opinions should kill and hate us whom we not only do not kill and hate us whom we not only do not kill and hate us whom we not only do not hate but as is proved pity and endeavor hate but as is proved pity and endeavor hate but as is proved pity and endeavor to lead to repentance. For we do not to lead to repentance. For we do not to lead to repentance. For we do not fear death, since it is acknowledged fear death, since it is acknowledged fear death, since it is acknowledged that we must surely die, and there is that we must surely die, and there is that we must surely die, and there is nothing new. But all things continue the nothing new. But all things continue the nothing new. But all things continue the same in this administration of things. same in this administration of things. same in this administration of things. And if satiety overtakes those who enjoy And if satiety overtakes those who enjoy And if satiety overtakes those who enjoy even one year of these things, they even one year of these things, they even one year of these things, they ought to give heed to our doctrines, ought to give heed to our doctrines, ought to give heed to our doctrines, that they may live eternally free, both that they may live eternally free, both that they may live eternally free, both from suffering and from want. But if from suffering and from want. But if from suffering and from want. But if they believe that there is nothing after they believe that there is nothing after they believe that there is nothing after death, but declare that those who die death, but declare that those who die death, but declare that those who die pass into insensibility, then they pass into insensibility, then they pass into insensibility, then they become our benefactors when they set us become our benefactors when they set us become our benefactors when they set us free from sufferings and necessities of free from sufferings and necessities of free from sufferings and necessities of this life, and prove themselves to be this life, and prove themselves to be this life, and prove themselves to be wicked and inhuman and bigoted. For they wicked and inhuman and bigoted. For they wicked and inhuman and bigoted. For they kill us with no intention of delivering kill us with no intention of delivering kill us with no intention of delivering us, but cut us off that we may be us, but cut us off that we may be us, but cut us off that we may be deprived of life and deprived of life and deprived of life and pleasure. Chapter 58. And raise up

pleasure. Chapter 58. And raise up pleasure. Chapter 58. And raise up heretics. And as we said before, the heretics. And as we said before, the heretics. And as we said before, the devils put forward Marcian of Pontis, devils put forward Marcian of Pontis, devils put forward Marcian of Pontis, who is even now teaching men to deny who is even now teaching men to deny who is even now teaching men to deny that God is the maker of all things in that God is the maker of all things in that God is the maker of all things in heaven and on earth, and that the Christ heaven and on earth, and that the Christ heaven and on earth, and that the Christ predicted by the prophets is his son, predicted by the prophets is his son, predicted by the prophets is his son, and preaches another God besides the and preaches another God besides the and preaches another God besides the creator of all, and likewise another creator of all, and likewise another creator of all, and likewise another son. And this man many have believed as son. And this man many have believed as son. And this man many have believed as if he alone knew the truth and laugh at if he alone knew the truth and laugh at if he alone knew the truth and laugh at us, though they have no proof of what us, though they have no proof of what us, though they have no proof of what they say, but are carried away they say, but are carried away they say, but are carried away irrationally as lambs by a wolf, and irrationally as lambs by a wolf, and irrationally as lambs by a wolf, and become the prey of atheistical doctrines become the prey of atheistical doctrines become the prey of atheistical doctrines and of devils. For they who are called and of devils. For they who are called and of devils. For they who are called devils attempt nothing else than to devils attempt nothing else than to devils attempt nothing else than to seduce men from God who made them, and seduce men from God who made them, and seduce men from God who made them, and from Christ his first begotten. And from Christ his first begotten. And from Christ his first begotten. And those who are unable to raise themselves those who are unable to raise themselves those who are unable to raise themselves above the earth, they have riveted and above the earth, they have riveted and above the earth, they have riveted and do now rivet to things earthly, and to do now rivet to things earthly, and to do now rivet to things earthly, and to the works of their own hands. But those the works of their own hands. But those the works of their own hands. But those who devote themselves to the who devote themselves to the who devote themselves to the contemplation of things divine, they contemplation of things divine, they contemplation of things divine, they secretly beat back. And if they have not secretly beat back. And if they have not secretly beat back. And if they have not a wise, sobermindedness, and a pure and a wise, sobermindedness, and a pure and a wise, sobermindedness, and a pure and passionless life, they drive them into passionless life, they drive them into passionless life, they drive them into godlessness. Chapter 59. Plato's godlessness. Chapter 59. Plato's godlessness. Chapter 59. Plato's obligation to Moses.

obligation to Moses. obligation to Moses. And that you may learn that it was from And that you may learn that it was from And that you may learn that it was from our teachers, we mean the account given our teachers, we mean the account given our teachers, we mean the account given through the prophets, that Plato through the prophets, that Plato through the prophets, that Plato borrowed his statement that God, having borrowed his statement that God, having borrowed his statement that God, having altered matter which was shapeless, made altered matter which was shapeless, made altered matter which was shapeless, made the world, hear the very words spoken the world, hear the very words spoken the world, hear the very words spoken through Moses, who, as above shown, was through Moses, who, as above shown, was through Moses, who, as above shown, was the first prophet and of greater the first prophet and of greater the first prophet and of greater antiquity than the Greek writers, and antiquity than the Greek writers, and antiquity than the Greek writers, and through whom the spirit of prophecy, through whom the spirit of prophecy, through whom the spirit of prophecy, signifying how and from what materials signifying how and from what materials signifying how and from what materials God at first formed the world, spake God at first formed the world, spake God at first formed the world, spake thus. In the beginning, God created the thus. In the beginning, God created the thus. In the beginning, God created the heaven and the earth. And the earth was heaven and the earth. And the earth was heaven and the earth. And the earth was invisible and unfernished, and darkness invisible and unfernished, and darkness invisible and unfernished, and darkness was upon the face of the deep, and the was upon the face of the deep, and the was upon the face of the deep, and the spirit of God moved over the waters. And spirit of God moved over the waters. And spirit of God moved over the waters. And God said, "Let there be light." And it God said, "Let there be light." And it God said, "Let there be light." And it was so. So that both Plato and they who was so. So that both Plato and they who was so. So that both Plato and they who agree with him and we ourselves have agree with him and we ourselves have agree with him and we ourselves have learned and you also can be convinced learned and you also can be convinced learned and you also can be convinced that by the word of God the whole world that by the word of God the whole world that by the word of God the whole world was made out of the substance spoken of was made out of the substance spoken of was made out of the substance spoken of before by Moses and that which the poets before by Moses and that which the poets before by Moses and that which the poets call Arabus we know was spoken of call Arabus we know was spoken of call Arabus we know was spoken of formerly by Moses.

formerly by Moses. formerly by Moses. Chapter 60, Plato's doctrine of the Chapter 60, Plato's doctrine of the Chapter 60, Plato's doctrine of the cross and the physiological discussion cross and the physiological discussion cross and the physiological discussion concerning the son of God in the timoas concerning the son of God in the timoas concerning the son of God in the timoas of Plato where he says he placed him of Plato where he says he placed him of Plato where he says he placed him crosswise in the universe, he borrowed crosswise in the universe, he borrowed crosswise in the universe, he borrowed in like manner from Moses. For in the in like manner from Moses. For in the in like manner from Moses. For in the writings of Moses, it is related how at writings of Moses, it is related how at writings of Moses, it is related how at that time when the Israelites went out that time when the Israelites went out that time when the Israelites went out of Egypt and were in the wilderness, of Egypt and were in the wilderness, of Egypt and were in the wilderness, they fell in with poisonous beasts, both they fell in with poisonous beasts, both they fell in with poisonous beasts, both vipers and asps, and every kind of vipers and asps, and every kind of vipers and asps, and every kind of serpent which slew the people. and that serpent which slew the people. and that serpent which slew the people. and that Moses by the inspiration and influence Moses by the inspiration and influence Moses by the inspiration and influence of God took brass and made it into the of God took brass and made it into the of God took brass and made it into the figure of a cross and set it in the holy figure of a cross and set it in the holy figure of a cross and set it in the holy tabernacle and said to the people, "If tabernacle and said to the people, "If tabernacle and said to the people, "If ye look to this figure and believe, ye ye look to this figure and believe, ye ye look to this figure and believe, ye shall be saved thereby." And when this shall be saved thereby." And when this shall be saved thereby." And when this was done, it is recorded that the was done, it is recorded that the was done, it is recorded that the serpents died, and it is handed down serpents died, and it is handed down serpents died, and it is handed down that the people thus escaped death. that the people thus escaped death. that the people thus escaped death. which things Plato reading and not which things Plato reading and not which things Plato reading and not accurately understanding and not accurately understanding and not accurately understanding and not apprehending that it was the figure of apprehending that it was the figure of apprehending that it was the figure of the cross, but taking it to be a placing the cross, but taking it to be a placing the cross, but taking it to be a placing crosswise, he said that the power next crosswise, he said that the power next crosswise, he said that the power next to the first God was placed crosswise in to the first God was placed crosswise in to the first God was placed crosswise in the universe. And as to his speaking of the universe. And as to his speaking of the universe. And as to his speaking of a third, he did this because he read, as a third, he did this because he read, as a third, he did this because he read, as we said above, that which was spoken by we said above, that which was spoken by we said above, that which was spoken by Moses, that the spirit of God moved over Moses, that the spirit of God moved over Moses, that the spirit of God moved over the waters. For he gives the second the waters. For he gives the second the waters. For he gives the second place to the logos, which is with God, place to the logos, which is with God, place to the logos, which is with God, who he said was placed cross-wise in the who he said was placed cross-wise in the who he said was placed cross-wise in the universe, and the third place to the universe, and the third place to the universe, and the third place to the spirit who was said to be born upon the spirit who was said to be born upon the spirit who was said to be born upon the water, saying, "And the third around the

water, saying, "And the third around the water, saying, "And the third around the third." And here how the spirit of third." And here how the spirit of third." And here how the spirit of prophecy signified through Moses that prophecy signified through Moses that prophecy signified through Moses that there should be a confflration. He spoke there should be a confflration. He spoke there should be a confflration. He spoke thus, everlasting fire shall descend, thus, everlasting fire shall descend, thus, everlasting fire shall descend, and shall devour to the pit beneath. It and shall devour to the pit beneath. It and shall devour to the pit beneath. It is not then that we hold the same is not then that we hold the same is not then that we hold the same opinions as others, but that all speak opinions as others, but that all speak opinions as others, but that all speak in imitation of ours. Among us these in imitation of ours. Among us these in imitation of ours. Among us these things can be heard and learned from things can be heard and learned from things can be heard and learned from persons who do not even know the forms persons who do not even know the forms persons who do not even know the forms of the letters, who are uneducated and of the letters, who are uneducated and of the letters, who are uneducated and barbarous in speech, though wise and barbarous in speech, though wise and barbarous in speech, though wise and believing in mind. Some indeed, even believing in mind. Some indeed, even believing in mind. Some indeed, even maimed and deprived of eyesight, so that maimed and deprived of eyesight, so that maimed and deprived of eyesight, so that you may understand that these things are you may understand that these things are you may understand that these things are not the effect of human wisdom, but are not the effect of human wisdom, but are not the effect of human wisdom, but are uttered by the power of uttered by the power of uttered by the power of God. Chapter 61, Christian God. Chapter 61, Christian God. Chapter 61, Christian Baptism. I will also relate the manner Baptism. I will also relate the manner Baptism. I will also relate the manner in which we dedicated ourselves to God in which we dedicated ourselves to God in which we dedicated ourselves to God when we had been made new through when we had been made new through when we had been made new through Christ. Lest, if we omit this, we seem Christ. Lest, if we omit this, we seem Christ. Lest, if we omit this, we seem to be unfair in the explanation we are to be unfair in the explanation we are to be unfair in the explanation we are making. As many as are persuaded and making. As many as are persuaded and making. As many as are persuaded and believe that what we teach and say is believe that what we teach and say is believe that what we teach and say is true, and undertake to be able to live true, and undertake to be able to live true, and undertake to be able to live accordingly, are instructed to pray and accordingly, are instructed to pray and accordingly, are instructed to pray and to entreat God with fasting for the to entreat God with fasting for the to entreat God with fasting for the remission of their sins that are passed.

remission of their sins that are passed. remission of their sins that are passed. we praying and fasting with them. Then we praying and fasting with them. Then we praying and fasting with them. Then they are brought by us where there is they are brought by us where there is they are brought by us where there is water and are regenerated in the same water and are regenerated in the same water and are regenerated in the same manner in which we were ourselves manner in which we were ourselves manner in which we were ourselves regenerated. For in the name of God the regenerated. For in the name of God the regenerated. For in the name of God the Father and Lord of the universe and of Father and Lord of the universe and of Father and Lord of the universe and of our Savior Jesus Christ and of the Holy our Savior Jesus Christ and of the Holy our Savior Jesus Christ and of the Holy Spirit, they then received the washing Spirit, they then received the washing Spirit, they then received the washing with water. For Christ also said, with water. For Christ also said, with water. For Christ also said, "Except ye be born again, ye shall not "Except ye be born again, ye shall not "Except ye be born again, ye shall not enter into the kingdom of heaven." Now enter into the kingdom of heaven." Now enter into the kingdom of heaven." Now that it is impossible for those who have that it is impossible for those who have that it is impossible for those who have once been born to enter into their once been born to enter into their once been born to enter into their mother's wombs is manifest to all. And mother's wombs is manifest to all. And mother's wombs is manifest to all. And how those who have sinned and repent how those who have sinned and repent how those who have sinned and repent shall escape their sins is declared by shall escape their sins is declared by shall escape their sins is declared by Isias the prophet as I wrote above. He Isias the prophet as I wrote above. He Isias the prophet as I wrote above. He thus speaks, "Wash you, make you clean, thus speaks, "Wash you, make you clean, thus speaks, "Wash you, make you clean, put away the evil of your doings from put away the evil of your doings from put away the evil of your doings from your souls, learn to do well, judge the your souls, learn to do well, judge the your souls, learn to do well, judge the fatherless, and plead for the widow. And fatherless, and plead for the widow. And fatherless, and plead for the widow. And come and let us reason together, saith come and let us reason together, saith come and let us reason together, saith the Lord. And though your sins be as the Lord. And though your sins be as the Lord. And though your sins be as scarlet, I will make them white like scarlet, I will make them white like scarlet, I will make them white like wool. And though they be as crimson, I wool. And though they be as crimson, I wool. And though they be as crimson, I will make them white as snow. But if ye will make them white as snow. But if ye will make them white as snow. But if ye refuse and rebel, the sword shall devour refuse and rebel, the sword shall devour refuse and rebel, the sword shall devour you, for the mouth of the Lord hath you, for the mouth of the Lord hath you, for the mouth of the Lord hath spoken it. And for this right, we have spoken it. And for this right, we have spoken it. And for this right, we have learned from the apostles this reason.

learned from the apostles this reason. learned from the apostles this reason. Since at our birth we were born without Since at our birth we were born without Since at our birth we were born without our own knowledge or choice by our our own knowledge or choice by our our own knowledge or choice by our parents coming together and were brought parents coming together and were brought parents coming together and were brought up in bad habits and wicked training in up in bad habits and wicked training in up in bad habits and wicked training in order that we may not remain the order that we may not remain the order that we may not remain the children of necessity and of ignorance children of necessity and of ignorance children of necessity and of ignorance but may become the children of choice but may become the children of choice but may become the children of choice and knowledge and may obtain in the and knowledge and may obtain in the and knowledge and may obtain in the water the remission of sins formerly water the remission of sins formerly water the remission of sins formerly committed. There is pronounced over him committed. There is pronounced over him committed. There is pronounced over him who chooses to be born again and has who chooses to be born again and has who chooses to be born again and has repented of his sins the name of God the repented of his sins the name of God the repented of his sins the name of God the Father and Lord of the universe. He who Father and Lord of the universe. He who Father and Lord of the universe. He who leads to the labor the person that is to leads to the labor the person that is to leads to the labor the person that is to be washed, calling him by this name be washed, calling him by this name be washed, calling him by this name alone. For no one can utter the name of alone. For no one can utter the name of alone. For no one can utter the name of the ineffable God. And if anyone dare to the ineffable God. And if anyone dare to the ineffable God. And if anyone dare to say that there is a name, he raves with say that there is a name, he raves with say that there is a name, he raves with a hopeless madness. And this washing is a hopeless madness. And this washing is a hopeless madness. And this washing is called illumination. Because they who called illumination. Because they who called illumination. Because they who learn these things are illuminated in learn these things are illuminated in learn these things are illuminated in their understandings. And in the name of their understandings. And in the name of their understandings. And in the name of Jesus Christ, who was crucified under Jesus Christ, who was crucified under Jesus Christ, who was crucified under Pontius Pilate, and in the name of the Pontius Pilate, and in the name of the Pontius Pilate, and in the name of the Holy Ghost, who through the prophets Holy Ghost, who through the prophets Holy Ghost, who through the prophets foretold all things about Jesus, he who foretold all things about Jesus, he who foretold all things about Jesus, he who is illuminated is is illuminated is is illuminated is washed. Chapter 62. Its imitation by washed. Chapter 62. Its imitation by washed. Chapter 62. Its imitation by demons. And the devils indeed having demons. And the devils indeed having demons. And the devils indeed having heard this washing published by the heard this washing published by the heard this washing published by the prophet instigated those who enter their prophet instigated those who enter their prophet instigated those who enter their temples and are about to approach them temples and are about to approach them temples and are about to approach them with libations and burnt offerings also with libations and burnt offerings also with libations and burnt offerings also to sprinkle themselves. And they cause to sprinkle themselves. And they cause to sprinkle themselves. And they cause them also to wash themselves entirely as them also to wash themselves entirely as them also to wash themselves entirely as they depart from the sacrifice before they depart from the sacrifice before they depart from the sacrifice before they enter into the shrines in which they enter into the shrines in which they enter into the shrines in which their images are set. And the command

their images are set. And the command their images are set. And the command too given by the priests to those who too given by the priests to those who too given by the priests to those who enter and worship in the temples that enter and worship in the temples that enter and worship in the temples that they take off their shoes. The devils they take off their shoes. The devils they take off their shoes. The devils learning what happened to the learning what happened to the learning what happened to the abovementioned prophet Moses have given abovementioned prophet Moses have given abovementioned prophet Moses have given in imitation of these things. For at in imitation of these things. For at in imitation of these things. For at that juncture, when Moses was ordered to that juncture, when Moses was ordered to that juncture, when Moses was ordered to go down into Egypt and lead out the go down into Egypt and lead out the go down into Egypt and lead out the people of the Israelites who were there, people of the Israelites who were there, people of the Israelites who were there, and while he was tending the flocks of and while he was tending the flocks of and while he was tending the flocks of his maternal uncle in the land of his maternal uncle in the land of his maternal uncle in the land of Arabia, our Christ conversed with him Arabia, our Christ conversed with him Arabia, our Christ conversed with him under the appearance of fire from a under the appearance of fire from a under the appearance of fire from a bush, and said, "Put off thy shoes and bush, and said, "Put off thy shoes and bush, and said, "Put off thy shoes and draw near and hear." And he, when he had draw near and hear." And he, when he had draw near and hear." And he, when he had put off his shoes, and drawn near, heard put off his shoes, and drawn near, heard put off his shoes, and drawn near, heard that he was to go down into Egypt and that he was to go down into Egypt and that he was to go down into Egypt and lead out the people of the Israelites lead out the people of the Israelites lead out the people of the Israelites there. And he received mighty power from there. And he received mighty power from there. And he received mighty power from Christ, who spoke to him in the Christ, who spoke to him in the Christ, who spoke to him in the appearance of fire, and went down and appearance of fire, and went down and appearance of fire, and went down and led out the people, having done great led out the people, having done great led out the people, having done great and marvelous things, which if you and marvelous things, which if you and marvelous things, which if you desire to know, you will learn them desire to know, you will learn them desire to know, you will learn them accurately from his accurately from his accurately from his writings. Chapter 63. How God appeared writings. Chapter 63. How God appeared writings. Chapter 63. How God appeared to Moses. And all the Jews even now to Moses. And all the Jews even now to Moses. And all the Jews even now teach that the nameless God spake to teach that the nameless God spake to teach that the nameless God spake to Moses. whence the spirit of prophecy Moses. whence the spirit of prophecy Moses. whence the spirit of prophecy accusing them by Isaiah the prophet accusing them by Isaiah the prophet accusing them by Isaiah the prophet mentioned above said the ox knoweth his mentioned above said the ox knoweth his mentioned above said the ox knoweth his owner and the ass his master's crib but owner and the ass his master's crib but owner and the ass his master's crib but Israel doth not know me and my people do Israel doth not know me and my people do Israel doth not know me and my people do not understand and Jesus the Christ not understand and Jesus the Christ not understand and Jesus the Christ because the Jews knew not what the because the Jews knew not what the because the Jews knew not what the father was and what the son in like father was and what the son in like father was and what the son in like manner accused them and himself said no manner accused them and himself said no manner accused them and himself said no one knoweth the father but the son nor

one knoweth the father but the son nor one knoweth the father but the son nor the son but the father and they to whom the son but the father and they to whom the son but the father and they to whom the son revealth him now Now the word of the son revealth him now Now the word of the son revealth him now Now the word of God is his son as we have before said God is his son as we have before said God is his son as we have before said and he is called angel and apostle for and he is called angel and apostle for and he is called angel and apostle for he declares whatever we ought to know he declares whatever we ought to know he declares whatever we ought to know and is sent forth to declare whatever is and is sent forth to declare whatever is and is sent forth to declare whatever is revealed as our Lord himself says he revealed as our Lord himself says he revealed as our Lord himself says he that heareth me heareth him that sent me that heareth me heareth him that sent me that heareth me heareth him that sent me from the writings of Moses also this from the writings of Moses also this from the writings of Moses also this will be manifest for thus it is written will be manifest for thus it is written will be manifest for thus it is written in them and the angel of God spake to in them and the angel of God spake to in them and the angel of God spake to Moses in a flame of fire out of the bush Moses in a flame of fire out of the bush Moses in a flame of fire out of the bush and said I am that I am the God of and said I am that I am the God of and said I am that I am the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, the God of Jacob, the God of thy fathers. Go down Jacob, the God of thy fathers. Go down Jacob, the God of thy fathers. Go down into Egypt and bring forth my people. into Egypt and bring forth my people. into Egypt and bring forth my people. And if you wish to learn what follows, And if you wish to learn what follows, And if you wish to learn what follows, you can do so from the same writings, you can do so from the same writings, you can do so from the same writings, for it is impossible to relate the whole for it is impossible to relate the whole for it is impossible to relate the whole here. But so much is written for the here. But so much is written for the here. But so much is written for the sake of proving that Jesus the Christ is sake of proving that Jesus the Christ is sake of proving that Jesus the Christ is the son of God and his apostle, being of the son of God and his apostle, being of the son of God and his apostle, being of old, the word, and appearing sometimes old, the word, and appearing sometimes old, the word, and appearing sometimes in the form of fire, and sometimes in in the form of fire, and sometimes in in the form of fire, and sometimes in the likeness of angels, but now by the the likeness of angels, but now by the the likeness of angels, but now by the will of God, having become man for the will of God, having become man for the will of God, having become man for the human race, he endured all the human race, he endured all the human race, he endured all the sufferings which the devils instigated sufferings which the devils instigated sufferings which the devils instigated the senseless Jews to inflict upon him, the senseless Jews to inflict upon him, the senseless Jews to inflict upon him, who though they have it expressly who though they have it expressly who though they have it expressly affirmed in the writings of Moses, and affirmed in the writings of Moses, and affirmed in the writings of Moses, and the angel of God spake to Moses, es in a the angel of God spake to Moses, es in a the angel of God spake to Moses, es in a flame of fire in a bush and said, "I am flame of fire in a bush and said, "I am flame of fire in a bush and said, "I am that I am the God of Abraham and the God that I am the God of Abraham and the God that I am the God of Abraham and the God of Isaac and the God of Jacob." Yet

of Isaac and the God of Jacob." Yet of Isaac and the God of Jacob." Yet maintain that he who said this was the maintain that he who said this was the maintain that he who said this was the father and creator of the universe. father and creator of the universe. father and creator of the universe. Whence also the spirit of prophecy Whence also the spirit of prophecy Whence also the spirit of prophecy rebukes them and says, "Israel do not rebukes them and says, "Israel do not rebukes them and says, "Israel do not know me. My people have not understood know me. My people have not understood know me. My people have not understood me." And again Jesus, as we have already me." And again Jesus, as we have already me." And again Jesus, as we have already shown, while he was with them, said, "No shown, while he was with them, said, "No shown, while he was with them, said, "No one knoweth the Father but the Son, nor one knoweth the Father but the Son, nor one knoweth the Father but the Son, nor the Son, but the Father, and those to the Son, but the Father, and those to the Son, but the Father, and those to whom the Son will reveal him." The Jews whom the Son will reveal him." The Jews whom the Son will reveal him." The Jews accordingly being threw out of opinion accordingly being threw out of opinion accordingly being threw out of opinion that it was the father of the universe that it was the father of the universe that it was the father of the universe who spoke to Moses, though he who spake who spoke to Moses, though he who spake who spoke to Moses, though he who spake to him was indeed the Son of God, who is to him was indeed the Son of God, who is to him was indeed the Son of God, who is called both angel and apostle, are called both angel and apostle, are called both angel and apostle, are justly charged both by the spirit of justly charged both by the spirit of justly charged both by the spirit of prophecy and by Christ himself, with prophecy and by Christ himself, with prophecy and by Christ himself, with knowing neither the Father nor the Son. knowing neither the Father nor the Son. knowing neither the Father nor the Son. For they who affirm that the Son is the For they who affirm that the Son is the For they who affirm that the Son is the Father are proved neither to have become Father are proved neither to have become Father are proved neither to have become acquainted with the Father, nor to know acquainted with the Father, nor to know acquainted with the Father, nor to know that the Father of the universe has a that the Father of the universe has a that the Father of the universe has a son, who also being the first begotten son, who also being the first begotten son, who also being the first begotten word of God, is even God. And of old, he word of God, is even God. And of old, he word of God, is even God. And of old, he appeared in the shape of fire and in the appeared in the shape of fire and in the appeared in the shape of fire and in the likeness of an angel to Moses and to the likeness of an angel to Moses and to the likeness of an angel to Moses and to the other prophets. But now, in the times of other prophets. But now, in the times of other prophets. But now, in the times of your reign, having, as we before said, your reign, having, as we before said, your reign, having, as we before said, become man by a virgin, according to the become man by a virgin, according to the become man by a virgin, according to the counsel of the Father, for the salvation counsel of the Father, for the salvation counsel of the Father, for the salvation of those who believe on him, he endured of those who believe on him, he endured of those who believe on him, he endured both to be set at not and to suffer, both to be set at not and to suffer, both to be set at not and to suffer, that by dying and rising again, he might that by dying and rising again, he might that by dying and rising again, he might conquer death. And that which was said conquer death. And that which was said conquer death. And that which was said out of the bush to Moses, I am that I out of the bush to Moses, I am that I out of the bush to Moses, I am that I am, the God of Abraham, and the God of am, the God of Abraham, and the God of am, the God of Abraham, and the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob, and the God

Isaac, and the God of Jacob, and the God Isaac, and the God of Jacob, and the God of your fathers. This signified that of your fathers. This signified that of your fathers. This signified that they, even though dead, are yet in they, even though dead, are yet in they, even though dead, are yet in existence and are men belonging to existence and are men belonging to existence and are men belonging to Christ himself. For they were the first Christ himself. For they were the first Christ himself. For they were the first of all men to busy themselves in the of all men to busy themselves in the of all men to busy themselves in the search after God. Abraham being the search after God. Abraham being the search after God. Abraham being the father of Isaac and Isaac of Jacob, as father of Isaac and Isaac of Jacob, as father of Isaac and Isaac of Jacob, as Moses Moses Moses wrote. Chapter 64. Further wrote. Chapter 64. Further wrote. Chapter 64. Further misrepresentations of the truth. misrepresentations of the truth. misrepresentations of the truth. From what has been already said, you can From what has been already said, you can From what has been already said, you can understand how the devils, in imitation understand how the devils, in imitation understand how the devils, in imitation of what was said by Moses, asserted that of what was said by Moses, asserted that of what was said by Moses, asserted that Proer Pine was the daughter of Jupiter, Proer Pine was the daughter of Jupiter, Proer Pine was the daughter of Jupiter, and instigated the people to set up an and instigated the people to set up an and instigated the people to set up an image of her under the name of Korea, image of her under the name of Korea, image of her under the name of Korea, i.e. the maiden or daughter at the i.e. the maiden or daughter at the i.e. the maiden or daughter at the spring heads. For as we wrote above, spring heads. For as we wrote above, spring heads. For as we wrote above, Moses said, "In the beginning, God made Moses said, "In the beginning, God made Moses said, "In the beginning, God made the heaven and the earth, and the earth the heaven and the earth, and the earth the heaven and the earth, and the earth was without form and unfernished, and was without form and unfernished, and was without form and unfernished, and the spirit of God moved upon the face of the spirit of God moved upon the face of the spirit of God moved upon the face of the waters." In imitation, therefore, of the waters." In imitation, therefore, of the waters." In imitation, therefore, of what is here said of the spirit of God what is here said of the spirit of God what is here said of the spirit of God moving on the waters, they said that moving on the waters, they said that moving on the waters, they said that Proer Pine or Coral was the daughter of Proer Pine or Coral was the daughter of Proer Pine or Coral was the daughter of Jupiter. And in like manner also they Jupiter. And in like manner also they Jupiter. And in like manner also they craftily feigned that Manurva was the craftily feigned that Manurva was the craftily feigned that Manurva was the daughter of Jupiter, not by sexual daughter of Jupiter, not by sexual daughter of Jupiter, not by sexual union, but knowing that God conceived union, but knowing that God conceived union, but knowing that God conceived and made the world by the word. They say and made the world by the word. They say and made the world by the word. They say that manurva is the first conception in that manurva is the first conception in that manurva is the first conception in noa which we consider to be very absurd noa which we consider to be very absurd noa which we consider to be very absurd bringing forward the form of the bringing forward the form of the bringing forward the form of the conception in a female shape and in like conception in a female shape and in like conception in a female shape and in like manner the actions of those others who manner the actions of those others who manner the actions of those others who are called sons of Jupiter sufficiently

are called sons of Jupiter sufficiently are called sons of Jupiter sufficiently condemn condemn condemn them. Chapter 65 administration of the them. Chapter 65 administration of the them. Chapter 65 administration of the sacraments. sacraments. sacraments. But we, after we have thus washed him But we, after we have thus washed him But we, after we have thus washed him who has been convinced and has ascented who has been convinced and has ascented who has been convinced and has ascented to our teaching, bring him to the place to our teaching, bring him to the place to our teaching, bring him to the place where those who are called brethren are where those who are called brethren are where those who are called brethren are assembled, in order that we may offer assembled, in order that we may offer assembled, in order that we may offer hearty prayers in common for ourselves hearty prayers in common for ourselves hearty prayers in common for ourselves and for the baptized, illuminated and for the baptized, illuminated and for the baptized, illuminated person, and for all others in every person, and for all others in every person, and for all others in every place, that we may be counted worthy. place, that we may be counted worthy. place, that we may be counted worthy. Now that we have learned the truth, by Now that we have learned the truth, by Now that we have learned the truth, by our works also to be found good citizens our works also to be found good citizens our works also to be found good citizens and keepers of the commandments, so that and keepers of the commandments, so that and keepers of the commandments, so that we may be saved with an everlasting we may be saved with an everlasting we may be saved with an everlasting salvation. Having ended the prayers, we salvation. Having ended the prayers, we salvation. Having ended the prayers, we salute one another with a kiss. There is salute one another with a kiss. There is salute one another with a kiss. There is then brought to the president of the then brought to the president of the then brought to the president of the brethren bread and a cup of wine mixed brethren bread and a cup of wine mixed brethren bread and a cup of wine mixed with water. And he taking them gives with water. And he taking them gives with water. And he taking them gives praise and glory to the father of the praise and glory to the father of the praise and glory to the father of the universe through the name of the son and universe through the name of the son and universe through the name of the son and of the holy ghost and offers thanks at of the holy ghost and offers thanks at of the holy ghost and offers thanks at considerable length for our being considerable length for our being considerable length for our being counted worthy to receive these things counted worthy to receive these things counted worthy to receive these things at his hands. And when he has concluded at his hands. And when he has concluded at his hands. And when he has concluded the prayers and thanksgivings, all the the prayers and thanksgivings, all the the prayers and thanksgivings, all the people present express their ascent by people present express their ascent by people present express their ascent by saying amen. This word amen answers in saying amen. This word amen answers in saying amen. This word amen answers in the Hebrew language to genoto so be it.

the Hebrew language to genoto so be it. the Hebrew language to genoto so be it. And when the president has given thanks And when the president has given thanks And when the president has given thanks and all the people have expressed their and all the people have expressed their and all the people have expressed their ascent, those who are called by us ascent, those who are called by us ascent, those who are called by us deacons give to each of those present to deacons give to each of those present to deacons give to each of those present to partake of the bread and wine mixed with partake of the bread and wine mixed with partake of the bread and wine mixed with water over which the thanksgiving was water over which the thanksgiving was water over which the thanksgiving was pronounced. And to those who are absent pronounced. And to those who are absent pronounced. And to those who are absent they carry away a they carry away a they carry away a portion. Chapter 66 of the eukarist. And portion. Chapter 66 of the eukarist. And portion. Chapter 66 of the eukarist. And this food is called among us this food is called among us this food is called among us Eucharistia, the Eucharist, of which no Eucharistia, the Eucharist, of which no Eucharistia, the Eucharist, of which no one is allowed to partake, but the man one is allowed to partake, but the man one is allowed to partake, but the man who believes that the things which we who believes that the things which we who believes that the things which we teach are true, and who has been washed teach are true, and who has been washed teach are true, and who has been washed with the washing that is for the with the washing that is for the with the washing that is for the remission of sins, and unto remission of sins, and unto remission of sins, and unto regeneration, and who is so living as regeneration, and who is so living as regeneration, and who is so living as Christ has enjoined. For not as common Christ has enjoined. For not as common Christ has enjoined. For not as common bread and common drink do we receive bread and common drink do we receive bread and common drink do we receive these, but in like manner as Jesus these, but in like manner as Jesus these, but in like manner as Jesus Christ our Savior, having been made Christ our Savior, having been made Christ our Savior, having been made flesh by the word of God, had both flesh flesh by the word of God, had both flesh flesh by the word of God, had both flesh and blood for our salvation. So likewise and blood for our salvation. So likewise and blood for our salvation. So likewise have we been taught that the food which have we been taught that the food which have we been taught that the food which is blessed by the prayer of his word, is blessed by the prayer of his word, is blessed by the prayer of his word, and from which our blood and flesh by and from which our blood and flesh by and from which our blood and flesh by transmutation are nourished, is the transmutation are nourished, is the transmutation are nourished, is the flesh and blood of that Jesus, who was flesh and blood of that Jesus, who was flesh and blood of that Jesus, who was made flesh. For the apostles in the made flesh. For the apostles in the made flesh. For the apostles in the memoirs composed by them, which are memoirs composed by them, which are memoirs composed by them, which are called gospels, have thus delivered unto called gospels, have thus delivered unto called gospels, have thus delivered unto us what was enjoined upon them, that us what was enjoined upon them, that us what was enjoined upon them, that Jesus took bread, and when he had given Jesus took bread, and when he had given Jesus took bread, and when he had given thanks, said, "This do ye in remembrance thanks, said, "This do ye in remembrance thanks, said, "This do ye in remembrance of me. This is my body." And that after of me. This is my body." And that after of me. This is my body." And that after the same manner, having taken the cup the same manner, having taken the cup the same manner, having taken the cup and given thanks, he said, "This is my and given thanks, he said, "This is my and given thanks, he said, "This is my blood." And gave it to them alone, which

blood." And gave it to them alone, which blood." And gave it to them alone, which the wicked devils have imitated in the the wicked devils have imitated in the the wicked devils have imitated in the mysteries of Mithris, commanding the mysteries of Mithris, commanding the mysteries of Mithris, commanding the same thing to be done. For that bread same thing to be done. For that bread same thing to be done. For that bread and a cup of water are placed with and a cup of water are placed with and a cup of water are placed with certain incantations in the mystic certain incantations in the mystic certain incantations in the mystic rights of one who is being initiated, rights of one who is being initiated, rights of one who is being initiated, you either know or can you either know or can you either know or can learn. Chapter 67. weekly worship of the learn. Chapter 67. weekly worship of the learn. Chapter 67. weekly worship of the Christians. And we afterwards Christians. And we afterwards Christians. And we afterwards continually remind each other of these continually remind each other of these continually remind each other of these things. And the wealthy among us help things. And the wealthy among us help things. And the wealthy among us help the needy. And we always keep together. the needy. And we always keep together. the needy. And we always keep together. And for all things wherewith we are And for all things wherewith we are And for all things wherewith we are supplied, we bless the maker of all supplied, we bless the maker of all supplied, we bless the maker of all through his son Jesus Christ and through through his son Jesus Christ and through through his son Jesus Christ and through the Holy Ghost. And on the day called the Holy Ghost. And on the day called the Holy Ghost. And on the day called Sunday, all who live in cities or in the Sunday, all who live in cities or in the Sunday, all who live in cities or in the country gather together to one place, country gather together to one place, country gather together to one place, and the memoirs of the apostles or the and the memoirs of the apostles or the and the memoirs of the apostles or the writings of the prophets are read, as writings of the prophets are read, as writings of the prophets are read, as long as time permits. Then, when the long as time permits. Then, when the long as time permits. Then, when the reader has ceased, the president reader has ceased, the president reader has ceased, the president verbally instructs and exhorts to the verbally instructs and exhorts to the verbally instructs and exhorts to the imitation of these good things. Then we imitation of these good things. Then we imitation of these good things. Then we all rise together and pray. And as we all rise together and pray. And as we all rise together and pray. And as we before said, when our prayer is ended, before said, when our prayer is ended, before said, when our prayer is ended, bread and wine and water are brought.

bread and wine and water are brought. bread and wine and water are brought. And the president in like manner offers And the president in like manner offers And the president in like manner offers prayers and thanksgivings according to prayers and thanksgivings according to prayers and thanksgivings according to his ability. And the people ascent, his ability. And the people ascent, his ability. And the people ascent, saying, "Amen." And there is a saying, "Amen." And there is a saying, "Amen." And there is a distribution to each, and a distribution to each, and a distribution to each, and a participation of that over which thanks participation of that over which thanks participation of that over which thanks have been given. And to those who are have been given. And to those who are have been given. And to those who are absent, a portion is sent by the absent, a portion is sent by the absent, a portion is sent by the deacons. And they who are wellto-d do deacons. And they who are wellto-d do deacons. And they who are wellto-d do and willing give what each thinks fit. and willing give what each thinks fit. and willing give what each thinks fit. And what is collected is deposited with And what is collected is deposited with And what is collected is deposited with the president who suckers the orphans the president who suckers the orphans the president who suckers the orphans and widows and those who through and widows and those who through and widows and those who through sickness or any other cause are in want sickness or any other cause are in want sickness or any other cause are in want and those who are in bonds and the and those who are in bonds and the and those who are in bonds and the strangers sojouring among us and in a strangers sojouring among us and in a strangers sojouring among us and in a word takes care of all who are in need. word takes care of all who are in need. word takes care of all who are in need. But Sunday is the day on which we all But Sunday is the day on which we all But Sunday is the day on which we all hold our common assembly because it is hold our common assembly because it is hold our common assembly because it is the first day on which God having the first day on which God having the first day on which God having wrought a change in the darkness and wrought a change in the darkness and wrought a change in the darkness and matter made the world. And Jesus Christ matter made the world. And Jesus Christ matter made the world. And Jesus Christ our savior on the same day rose from the our savior on the same day rose from the our savior on the same day rose from the dead. For he was crucified on the day dead. For he was crucified on the day dead. For he was crucified on the day before that of Saturn, Saturday. And on before that of Saturn, Saturday. And on before that of Saturn, Saturday. And on the day after that of Saturn, which is the day after that of Saturn, which is the day after that of Saturn, which is the day of the sun, having appeared to the day of the sun, having appeared to the day of the sun, having appeared to his apostles and disciples, he taught his apostles and disciples, he taught his apostles and disciples, he taught them these things which we have them these things which we have them these things which we have submitted to you also for your submitted to you also for your submitted to you also for your consideration. Chapter 68.

consideration. Chapter 68. consideration. Chapter 68. Conclusion. And if these things seem to Conclusion. And if these things seem to Conclusion. And if these things seem to you to be reasonable and true, honor you to be reasonable and true, honor you to be reasonable and true, honor them. But if they seem nonsensical, them. But if they seem nonsensical, them. But if they seem nonsensical, despise them as nonsense. And do not despise them as nonsense. And do not despise them as nonsense. And do not decree death against those who have done decree death against those who have done decree death against those who have done no wrong, as you would against enemies. no wrong, as you would against enemies. no wrong, as you would against enemies. For we forewarn you that you shall not For we forewarn you that you shall not For we forewarn you that you shall not escape the coming judgment of God if you escape the coming judgment of God if you escape the coming judgment of God if you continue in your injustice. And we continue in your injustice. And we continue in your injustice. And we ourselves will invite you to do that ourselves will invite you to do that ourselves will invite you to do that which is pleasing to God. And though which is pleasing to God. And though which is pleasing to God. And though from the letter of the greatest and most from the letter of the greatest and most from the letter of the greatest and most illustrious emperor, Adrien, your illustrious emperor, Adrien, your illustrious emperor, Adrien, your father, we could demand that you order father, we could demand that you order father, we could demand that you order judgment to be given as we have desired, judgment to be given as we have desired, judgment to be given as we have desired, yet we have made this appeal and yet we have made this appeal and yet we have made this appeal and explanation, not on the ground of explanation, not on the ground of explanation, not on the ground of Adrienne's decision, but because we know Adrienne's decision, but because we know Adrienne's decision, but because we know that what we ask is just. And we have that what we ask is just. And we have that what we ask is just. And we have subjoined the copy of Adrienne's subjoined the copy of Adrienne's subjoined the copy of Adrienne's epistle, so that you may know that we epistle, so that you may know that we epistle, so that you may know that we are speaking truly about this, and the are speaking truly about this, and the are speaking truly about this, and the following is the copy. following is the copy. following is the copy. Epistle of Adrien in behalf of the Epistle of Adrien in behalf of the Epistle of Adrien in behalf of the Christians. I have received the letter Christians. I have received the letter Christians. I have received the letter addressed to me by your predecessor, addressed to me by your predecessor, addressed to me by your predecessor, Serenius Granianis, a most illustrious Serenius Granianis, a most illustrious Serenius Granianis, a most illustrious man, and this communication I am man, and this communication I am man, and this communication I am unwilling to pass over in silence, lest unwilling to pass over in silence, lest unwilling to pass over in silence, lest innocent persons be disturbed, and innocent persons be disturbed, and innocent persons be disturbed, and occasion be given to the informers for occasion be given to the informers for occasion be given to the informers for practicing villain. Accordingly, if the practicing villain. Accordingly, if the practicing villain. Accordingly, if the inhabitants of your province will so far inhabitants of your province will so far inhabitants of your province will so far sustain this petition of theirs as to sustain this petition of theirs as to sustain this petition of theirs as to accuse the Christians in some court of accuse the Christians in some court of accuse the Christians in some court of law, I do not prohibit them from doing law, I do not prohibit them from doing law, I do not prohibit them from doing so. But I will not suffer them to make

so. But I will not suffer them to make so. But I will not suffer them to make use of mere intreaties and outcries. For use of mere intreaties and outcries. For use of mere intreaties and outcries. For it is far more just if anyone desires to it is far more just if anyone desires to it is far more just if anyone desires to make an accusation that you give make an accusation that you give make an accusation that you give judgment upon it. If therefore anyone judgment upon it. If therefore anyone judgment upon it. If therefore anyone makes the accusation and furnishes proof makes the accusation and furnishes proof makes the accusation and furnishes proof that the said men do anything contrary that the said men do anything contrary that the said men do anything contrary to the laws, you shall a judge to the laws, you shall a judge to the laws, you shall a judge punishments in proportion to the punishments in proportion to the punishments in proportion to the offenses. And this by Hercules you shall offenses. And this by Hercules you shall offenses. And this by Hercules you shall give special heed to that if any man give special heed to that if any man give special heed to that if any man shall through mere columni bring an shall through mere columni bring an shall through mere columni bring an accusation against any of these persons, accusation against any of these persons, accusation against any of these persons, you shall award to him more severe you shall award to him more severe you shall award to him more severe punishments in proportion to his punishments in proportion to his punishments in proportion to his wickedness. wickedness. wickedness. The Epistle of Antonyinus to the common The Epistle of Antonyinus to the common The Epistle of Antonyinus to the common assembly of Asia. The emperor Caesar assembly of Asia. The emperor Caesar assembly of Asia. The emperor Caesar Titus Elas Adrianus Antonyinus Augustus Titus Elas Adrianus Antonyinus Augustus Titus Elas Adrianus Antonyinus Augustus Pasreme Pontiff in the 15th year of his Pasreme Pontiff in the 15th year of his Pasreme Pontiff in the 15th year of his tribunship consul for the third time tribunship consul for the third time tribunship consul for the third time father of the fatherland to the common father of the fatherland to the common father of the fatherland to the common assembly of Asia greeting. I should have assembly of Asia greeting. I should have assembly of Asia greeting. I should have thought that the gods themselves would thought that the gods themselves would thought that the gods themselves would see to it that such offenders should not see to it that such offenders should not see to it that such offenders should not escape. For if they had the power, they escape. For if they had the power, they escape. For if they had the power, they themselves would much rather punish themselves would much rather punish themselves would much rather punish those who refuse to worship them. But it those who refuse to worship them. But it those who refuse to worship them. But it is you who bring trouble on these is you who bring trouble on these is you who bring trouble on these persons and accuse as the opinion of persons and accuse as the opinion of persons and accuse as the opinion of atheists that which they hold, and lay atheists that which they hold, and lay atheists that which they hold, and lay to their charge certain other things to their charge certain other things to their charge certain other things which we are unable to prove. But it which we are unable to prove. But it which we are unable to prove. But it would be advantageous to them that they would be advantageous to them that they would be advantageous to them that they should be thought to die for that of should be thought to die for that of should be thought to die for that of which they are accused, and they conquer which they are accused, and they conquer which they are accused, and they conquer you by being lavish of their lives

you by being lavish of their lives you by being lavish of their lives rather than yield that obedience which rather than yield that obedience which rather than yield that obedience which you require of them. And regarding the you require of them. And regarding the you require of them. And regarding the earthquakes which have already happened earthquakes which have already happened earthquakes which have already happened and are now occurring, it is not seemly and are now occurring, it is not seemly and are now occurring, it is not seemly that you remind us of them, losing heart that you remind us of them, losing heart that you remind us of them, losing heart whenever they occur, and thus set your whenever they occur, and thus set your whenever they occur, and thus set your conduct in contrast with that of these conduct in contrast with that of these conduct in contrast with that of these men, for they have much greater men, for they have much greater men, for they have much greater confidence towards God than you confidence towards God than you confidence towards God than you yourselves have. And you indeed seem at yourselves have. And you indeed seem at yourselves have. And you indeed seem at times to ignore the gods, and you times to ignore the gods, and you times to ignore the gods, and you neglect the temples, and make no neglect the temples, and make no neglect the temples, and make no recognition of the worship of God. and recognition of the worship of God. and recognition of the worship of God. and hence you are jealous of those who do hence you are jealous of those who do hence you are jealous of those who do serve him and persecute them to the serve him and persecute them to the serve him and persecute them to the death. Concerning such persons, some death. Concerning such persons, some death. Concerning such persons, some others also of the governors of others also of the governors of others also of the governors of provinces wrote to my most divine provinces wrote to my most divine provinces wrote to my most divine father, to whom he replied that they father, to whom he replied that they father, to whom he replied that they should not at all disturb such persons, should not at all disturb such persons, should not at all disturb such persons, unless they were found to be attempting unless they were found to be attempting unless they were found to be attempting anything against the Roman government. anything against the Roman government. anything against the Roman government. and to myself many have sent intimations and to myself many have sent intimations and to myself many have sent intimations regarding such persons to whom I also regarding such persons to whom I also regarding such persons to whom I also replied in pursuance of my father's replied in pursuance of my father's replied in pursuance of my father's judgment. But if anyone has a matter to judgment. But if anyone has a matter to judgment. But if anyone has a matter to bring against any person of this class bring against any person of this class bring against any person of this class merely as such a person, let the accused merely as such a person, let the accused merely as such a person, let the accused be acquitted of the charge, even though be acquitted of the charge, even though be acquitted of the charge, even though he should be found to be such an one, he should be found to be such an one, he should be found to be such an one, but let the accuser be amenable to but let the accuser be amenable to but let the accuser be amenable to justice.

justice. justice. Epistle of Marcus Aurelius to the Senate Epistle of Marcus Aurelius to the Senate Epistle of Marcus Aurelius to the Senate in which he testifies that the in which he testifies that the in which he testifies that the Christians were the cause of his Christians were the cause of his Christians were the cause of his victory. The emperor Caesar Marcus victory. The emperor Caesar Marcus victory. The emperor Caesar Marcus Orurelius Antonyinus, Germanicus, Orurelius Antonyinus, Germanicus, Orurelius Antonyinus, Germanicus, Parthus, Sarmaticus to the people of Parthus, Sarmaticus to the people of Parthus, Sarmaticus to the people of Rome and to the sacred Senate, greeting. Rome and to the sacred Senate, greeting. Rome and to the sacred Senate, greeting. I explained to you my grand design and I explained to you my grand design and I explained to you my grand design and what advantages I gained on the confines what advantages I gained on the confines what advantages I gained on the confines of Germany with much labor and suffering of Germany with much labor and suffering of Germany with much labor and suffering in consequence of the circumstance that in consequence of the circumstance that in consequence of the circumstance that I was surrounded by the enemy. I myself I was surrounded by the enemy. I myself I was surrounded by the enemy. I myself being shut up in Carnontum by 74 cohorts being shut up in Carnontum by 74 cohorts being shut up in Carnontum by 74 cohorts 9 mi off and the enemy being at hand. 9 mi off and the enemy being at hand. 9 mi off and the enemy being at hand. The scouts pointed out to us, and our The scouts pointed out to us, and our The scouts pointed out to us, and our general Pompeanis showed us that there general Pompeanis showed us that there general Pompeanis showed us that there was close on us a mass of a mixed was close on us a mass of a mixed was close on us a mass of a mixed multitude of multitude of multitude of 977,000 men, which indeed we saw, and I 977,000 men, which indeed we saw, and I 977,000 men, which indeed we saw, and I was shut up by this vast host, having was shut up by this vast host, having was shut up by this vast host, having with me only a battalion composed of the with me only a battalion composed of the with me only a battalion composed of the first, 10th, double, and marine legions. first, 10th, double, and marine legions. first, 10th, double, and marine legions. Having then examined my own position and Having then examined my own position and Having then examined my own position and my host with respect to the vast mass of my host with respect to the vast mass of my host with respect to the vast mass of barbarians and of the enemy, I quickly barbarians and of the enemy, I quickly barbarians and of the enemy, I quickly bto myself to prayer to the gods of my bto myself to prayer to the gods of my bto myself to prayer to the gods of my country. But being disregarded by them, country. But being disregarded by them, country. But being disregarded by them, I summoned those who among us go by the I summoned those who among us go by the I summoned those who among us go by the name of Christians, and having made name of Christians, and having made name of Christians, and having made inquiry, I discovered a great number and inquiry, I discovered a great number and inquiry, I discovered a great number and vast host of them, and raged against vast host of them, and raged against vast host of them, and raged against them, which was by no means becoming, them, which was by no means becoming, them, which was by no means becoming, for afterwards I learned their power.

for afterwards I learned their power. for afterwards I learned their power. Wherefore they began the battle not by Wherefore they began the battle not by Wherefore they began the battle not by preparing weapons, nor arms, nor bugles, preparing weapons, nor arms, nor bugles, preparing weapons, nor arms, nor bugles, for such preparation is hateful to them for such preparation is hateful to them for such preparation is hateful to them on account of the God they bear about in on account of the God they bear about in on account of the God they bear about in their conscience. Therefore, it is their conscience. Therefore, it is their conscience. Therefore, it is probable that those whom we suppose to probable that those whom we suppose to probable that those whom we suppose to be atheists have God as their ruling be atheists have God as their ruling be atheists have God as their ruling power entrenched in their conscience. power entrenched in their conscience. power entrenched in their conscience. For having cast themselves on the For having cast themselves on the For having cast themselves on the ground, they prayed not only for me, but ground, they prayed not only for me, but ground, they prayed not only for me, but also for the whole army as it stood, also for the whole army as it stood, also for the whole army as it stood, that they might be delivered from the that they might be delivered from the that they might be delivered from the present thirst and famine. For during 5 present thirst and famine. For during 5 present thirst and famine. For during 5 days we had got no water, because there days we had got no water, because there days we had got no water, because there was none, for we were in the heart of was none, for we were in the heart of was none, for we were in the heart of Germany and in the enemy's territory. Germany and in the enemy's territory. Germany and in the enemy's territory. And simultaneously with their casting And simultaneously with their casting And simultaneously with their casting themselves on the ground and praying to themselves on the ground and praying to themselves on the ground and praying to God, a God of whom I am ignorant, water God, a God of whom I am ignorant, water God, a God of whom I am ignorant, water poured from heaven upon us most poured from heaven upon us most poured from heaven upon us most refreshingly cool, but upon the enemies refreshingly cool, but upon the enemies refreshingly cool, but upon the enemies of Rome, a withering hail. And of Rome, a withering hail. And of Rome, a withering hail. And immediately we recognized the presence immediately we recognized the presence immediately we recognized the presence of God following on the prayer, a God of God following on the prayer, a God of God following on the prayer, a God unconquerable and indestructible.

unconquerable and indestructible. unconquerable and indestructible. founding upon this, then let us pardon founding upon this, then let us pardon founding upon this, then let us pardon such as our Christians, lest they pray such as our Christians, lest they pray such as our Christians, lest they pray for and obtain such a weapon against for and obtain such a weapon against for and obtain such a weapon against ourselves. And I counsel that no such ourselves. And I counsel that no such ourselves. And I counsel that no such person be accused on the ground of his person be accused on the ground of his person be accused on the ground of his being a Christian. But if anyone be being a Christian. But if anyone be being a Christian. But if anyone be found laying to the charge of a found laying to the charge of a found laying to the charge of a Christian that he is a Christian, I Christian that he is a Christian, I Christian that he is a Christian, I desire that it be made manifest that he desire that it be made manifest that he desire that it be made manifest that he who is accused as a Christian and who is accused as a Christian and who is accused as a Christian and acknowledges that he is one is accused acknowledges that he is one is accused acknowledges that he is one is accused of nothing else than only this, that he of nothing else than only this, that he of nothing else than only this, that he is a Christian, but that he who orra him is a Christian, but that he who orra him is a Christian, but that he who orra him be burned alive. And I further desire be burned alive. And I further desire be burned alive. And I further desire that he who is entrusted with the that he who is entrusted with the that he who is entrusted with the government of the province shall not government of the province shall not government of the province shall not compel the Christian who confesses and compel the Christian who confesses and compel the Christian who confesses and certifies such a matter to retract, certifies such a matter to retract, certifies such a matter to retract, neither shall he commit him. And I neither shall he commit him. And I neither shall he commit him. And I desire that these things be confirmed by desire that these things be confirmed by desire that these things be confirmed by a decree of the Senate. And I command a decree of the Senate. And I command a decree of the Senate. And I command this my edict to be published in the this my edict to be published in the this my edict to be published in the forum of Trajan in order that it may be forum of Trajan in order that it may be forum of Trajan in order that it may be read. The prefect Vitraius Polio will read. The prefect Vitraius Polio will read. The prefect Vitraius Polio will see that it be transmitted to all the see that it be transmitted to all the see that it be transmitted to all the provinces round about and that no one provinces round about and that no one provinces round about and that no one who wishes to make use of or to possess who wishes to make use of or to possess who wishes to make use of or to possess it be hindered from obtaining a copy it be hindered from obtaining a copy it be hindered from obtaining a copy from the document I now from the document I now from the document I now publish. End of part publish. End of part publish. End of part four. End of the first apology by Justin four. End of the first apology by Justin four. End of the first apology by Justin Martyr. Translated by Alexander Roberts Martyr. Translated by Alexander Roberts Martyr. Translated by Alexander Roberts and James Donaldson.