Biography Of Nikola Tesla Pt 5

Well, let's stop it at three. What do Well, let's stop it at three. What do you say? I think three men will do as you say? I think three men will do as you say? I think three men will do as well and prove as much as a regiment. well and prove as much as a regiment. well and prove as much as a regiment. New York Mail and New York Mail and New York Mail and Express. A few days before the new year, Express. A few days before the new year, Express. A few days before the new year, the scientific world was shaken by the the scientific world was shaken by the the scientific world was shaken by the remarkable discovery by Vilhem Runen of remarkable discovery by Vilhem Runen of remarkable discovery by Vilhem Runen of a queer unknown energy that he called a queer unknown energy that he called a queer unknown energy that he called X-rays which emanated from his Leonard X-rays which emanated from his Leonard X-rays which emanated from his Leonard and Crooks tubes. Mikl Pupin wrote, "No and Crooks tubes. Mikl Pupin wrote, "No and Crooks tubes. Mikl Pupin wrote, "No other discovery within my lifetime has other discovery within my lifetime has other discovery within my lifetime has ever aroused the interest of the world ever aroused the interest of the world ever aroused the interest of the world as did the discovery of the X-rays." as did the discovery of the X-rays." as did the discovery of the X-rays." Every physicist dropped his own problems Every physicist dropped his own problems Every physicist dropped his own problems and rushed headlong into the research. and rushed headlong into the research. and rushed headlong into the research. Astonishingly, Hoopin added, "To the Astonishingly, Hoopin added, "To the Astonishingly, Hoopin added, "To the best of my knowledge, I was at that time best of my knowledge, I was at that time best of my knowledge, I was at that time the only physicist here who had had any the only physicist here who had had any the only physicist here who had had any laboratory experience with vacuum tube laboratory experience with vacuum tube laboratory experience with vacuum tube research. I obtained the first X-ray research. I obtained the first X-ray research. I obtained the first X-ray photograph in America on January the photograph in America on January the photograph in America on January the 2nd, 1896, 2 weeks after the discovery 2nd, 1896, 2 weeks after the discovery 2nd, 1896, 2 weeks after the discovery was announced in Germany. As Pin could was announced in Germany. As Pin could was announced in Germany. As Pin could so neatly do, he for any mention of his so neatly do, he for any mention of his so neatly do, he for any mention of his compatriate. To Pin Tesla was a compatriate. To Pin Tesla was a compatriate. To Pin Tesla was a non-person.

non-person. non-person. Ramgan gained world recognition Ramgan gained world recognition Ramgan gained world recognition virtually overnight with his virtually overnight with his virtually overnight with his announcement that he had discovered a announcement that he had discovered a announcement that he had discovered a new energy emanating from cathode raid new energy emanating from cathode raid new energy emanating from cathode raid tubes that could illuminate light tubes that could illuminate light tubes that could illuminate light sensitive chemicals at the far end of a sensitive chemicals at the far end of a sensitive chemicals at the far end of a room, penetrate solid objects, and room, penetrate solid objects, and room, penetrate solid objects, and photograph the internal organs and bones photograph the internal organs and bones photograph the internal organs and bones of living beings. As Pupin noted, of living beings. As Pupin noted, of living beings. As Pupin noted, scientists from all over the world scientists from all over the world scientists from all over the world dropped their current projects to join dropped their current projects to join dropped their current projects to join in this exciting new venture. Tesla in this exciting new venture. Tesla in this exciting new venture. Tesla himself wrote no fewer than nine himself wrote no fewer than nine himself wrote no fewer than nine articles on the topic in a 2-year articles on the topic in a 2-year articles on the topic in a 2-year period. Although Tesla may have noticed period. Although Tesla may have noticed period. Although Tesla may have noticed these rays and their effects on these rays and their effects on these rays and their effects on photographic paper years earlier, he did photographic paper years earlier, he did photographic paper years earlier, he did not pursue the investigations and left not pursue the investigations and left not pursue the investigations and left no doubt that the discoverer of what he no doubt that the discoverer of what he no doubt that the discoverer of what he liked to call shadow graphs was Wilhelm liked to call shadow graphs was Wilhelm liked to call shadow graphs was Wilhelm Runen. Tesla had taken the word Runen. Tesla had taken the word Runen. Tesla had taken the word shadowgraph from Sauron Khagard who shadowgraph from Sauron Khagard who shadowgraph from Sauron Khagard who described them in his essay either or. described them in his essay either or. described them in his essay either or. To the existential philosopher there To the existential philosopher there To the existential philosopher there were sketches that derive from the were sketches that derive from the were sketches that derive from the darker side of life but are not directly darker side of life but are not directly darker side of life but are not directly visible. The shadow graph does not visible. The shadow graph does not visible. The shadow graph does not become perceptible until I see through become perceptible until I see through become perceptible until I see through the external. Not until I look through the external. Not until I look through the external. Not until I look through it do I discover that inner picture too it do I discover that inner picture too it do I discover that inner picture too delicately drawn to be outwardly delicately drawn to be outwardly delicately drawn to be outwardly visible. woven as it is of the tenderest visible. woven as it is of the tenderest visible. woven as it is of the tenderest moods of the soul. In Europe, mega moods of the soul. In Europe, mega moods of the soul. In Europe, mega X-rays were being produced by static X-rays were being produced by static X-rays were being produced by static machines and roomc induction coils.

machines and roomc induction coils. machines and roomc induction coils. Tesla suggested instead the use of a Tesla suggested instead the use of a Tesla suggested instead the use of a highfrequency disruptive coil attached highfrequency disruptive coil attached highfrequency disruptive coil attached to a special bulb with two electrodes. A to a special bulb with two electrodes. A to a special bulb with two electrodes. A cathode inside the vacuum for generating cathode inside the vacuum for generating cathode inside the vacuum for generating the cathode streams and an anode placed the cathode streams and an anode placed the cathode streams and an anode placed as far away as possible outside the bulb as far away as possible outside the bulb as far away as possible outside the bulb to limit the reduction of the potential. to limit the reduction of the potential. to limit the reduction of the potential. With this apparatus, effective pressures With this apparatus, effective pressures With this apparatus, effective pressures of about 4 million volts were achieved. of about 4 million volts were achieved. of about 4 million volts were achieved. At first, the bulb will get hot and glow At first, the bulb will get hot and glow At first, the bulb will get hot and glow with a purplish hue. Then the electrode with a purplish hue. Then the electrode with a purplish hue. Then the electrode will disintegrate and the bulb will will disintegrate and the bulb will will disintegrate and the bulb will cool. Use of a fan helps. From this cool. Use of a fan helps. From this cool. Use of a fan helps. From this point on, the bulb is in very good point on, the bulb is in very good point on, the bulb is in very good condition for producing the rented condition for producing the rented condition for producing the rented shadows. When the electrode is too hot, shadows. When the electrode is too hot, shadows. When the electrode is too hot, it is probably because the vacuum is not it is probably because the vacuum is not it is probably because the vacuum is not high enough generating such high high enough generating such high high enough generating such high voltages. This work not only was set up voltages. This work not only was set up voltages. This work not only was set up to measure the quality of the energy to measure the quality of the energy to measure the quality of the energy emanating from the bulb and to test its emanating from the bulb and to test its emanating from the bulb and to test its ability to pierce living and non-living ability to pierce living and non-living ability to pierce living and non-living objects or be reflected. It also laid objects or be reflected. It also laid objects or be reflected. It also laid the foundation for Tesla's later the foundation for Tesla's later the foundation for Tesla's later experiments with particle beam experiments with particle beam experiments with particle beam weapons. Here in 1896, Tesla discussed weapons. Here in 1896, Tesla discussed weapons. Here in 1896, Tesla discussed the idea promulgated by the quantum the idea promulgated by the quantum the idea promulgated by the quantum physicists a few years later that the physicists a few years later that the physicists a few years later that the energy had both particle-like and energy had both particle-like and energy had both particle-like and wavelike properties. Having set up a wavelike properties. Having set up a wavelike properties. Having set up a target to shoot the streams at, Tesla target to shoot the streams at, Tesla target to shoot the streams at, Tesla wrote, "The effects on the sensitive wrote, "The effects on the sensitive wrote, "The effects on the sensitive plate are due to projected particles or plate are due to projected particles or plate are due to projected particles or else to vibrations of extremely high

frequencies. The inventor further frequencies. The inventor further speculated that the streams are formed speculated that the streams are formed speculated that the streams are formed of matter in some primary or elementary. of matter in some primary or elementary. of matter in some primary or elementary. Similar streams must be emitted by the Similar streams must be emitted by the Similar streams must be emitted by the sun and probably by other sources of sun and probably by other sources of sun and probably by other sources of radiant energy. Tesla also appeared to radiant energy. Tesla also appeared to radiant energy. Tesla also appeared to have come close to the idea of breaking have come close to the idea of breaking have come close to the idea of breaking up the electron into subatomic up the electron into subatomic up the electron into subatomic particles. The projected lumps of matter particles. The projected lumps of matter particles. The projected lumps of matter act as inelastic bodies similarly to act as inelastic bodies similarly to act as inelastic bodies similarly to ever so many small lead bullets. These ever so many small lead bullets. These ever so many small lead bullets. These lumps are shattered into fragments so lumps are shattered into fragments so lumps are shattered into fragments so small as to make them lose entirely some small as to make them lose entirely some small as to make them lose entirely some physical properties possessed before the physical properties possessed before the physical properties possessed before the impact. Might it not be possible that in impact. Might it not be possible that in impact. Might it not be possible that in the Rengan phenomena we may witness a the Rengan phenomena we may witness a the Rengan phenomena we may witness a transformation of ordinary matter into transformation of ordinary matter into transformation of ordinary matter into ether or we may be confronted with a ether or we may be confronted with a ether or we may be confronted with a dissolution of matter into some unknown dissolution of matter into some unknown dissolution of matter into some unknown primary form the accasha of the old primary form the accasha of the old primary form the accasha of the old vdas. The inventor as physicist then vdas. The inventor as physicist then vdas. The inventor as physicist then proceeded to take x-rays of small proceeded to take x-rays of small proceeded to take x-rays of small animals such as birds and rabbits as animals such as birds and rabbits as animals such as birds and rabbits as well as his workers and of his own well as his workers and of his own well as his workers and of his own skull, ribs, limbs and vertebrae. As skull, ribs, limbs and vertebrae. As skull, ribs, limbs and vertebrae. As some shadow graphs took as long as an some shadow graphs took as long as an some shadow graphs took as long as an hour to obtain, Tesla noticed that he hour to obtain, Tesla noticed that he hour to obtain, Tesla noticed that he would sometimes fall asleep while he was would sometimes fall asleep while he was would sometimes fall asleep while he was being bombarded by the machine. Week being bombarded by the machine. Week being bombarded by the machine. Week after week, Tesla would crank out yet after week, Tesla would crank out yet after week, Tesla would crank out yet another article on his latest results.

another article on his latest results. another article on his latest results. On March the 18th, 1896, he announced in On March the 18th, 1896, he announced in On March the 18th, 1896, he announced in Electrical Review that he had produced Electrical Review that he had produced Electrical Review that he had produced shadow graphs of humans at distances of shadow graphs of humans at distances of shadow graphs of humans at distances of 40 ft and affected photosensitive paper 40 ft and affected photosensitive paper 40 ft and affected photosensitive paper at a distance of 60 ft from the source at a distance of 60 ft from the source at a distance of 60 ft from the source of the rays. The inventor also tested of the rays. The inventor also tested of the rays. The inventor also tested different metals to see which ones different metals to see which ones different metals to see which ones reflected the energy in the best way. reflected the energy in the best way. reflected the energy in the best way. Adorned with a lavish x-ray of the bones Adorned with a lavish x-ray of the bones Adorned with a lavish x-ray of the bones of the wizard's own rib cage, the of the wizard's own rib cage, the of the wizard's own rib cage, the article conveyed an eerie impression. I article conveyed an eerie impression. I article conveyed an eerie impression. I told some friends, Tesla wrote that it told some friends, Tesla wrote that it told some friends, Tesla wrote that it might be possible to observe by the aid might be possible to observe by the aid might be possible to observe by the aid of a screen objects and skeletons of a screen objects and skeletons of a screen objects and skeletons passing through a street. Now, I mention passing through a street. Now, I mention passing through a street. Now, I mention this odd idea only as an illustration of this odd idea only as an illustration of this odd idea only as an illustration of how these scientific developments may how these scientific developments may how these scientific developments may even affect our morals and customs. even affect our morals and customs. even affect our morals and customs. Perhaps we shall shortly get used to Perhaps we shall shortly get used to Perhaps we shall shortly get used to this state of things. For Tesla, Runan this state of things. For Tesla, Runan this state of things. For Tesla, Runan rays were a gateway to a world invisible rays were a gateway to a world invisible rays were a gateway to a world invisible and ripe for new possibilities. Rungun and ripe for new possibilities. Rungun and ripe for new possibilities. Rungun gave us a wonderful gun to fire, gave us a wonderful gun to fire, gave us a wonderful gun to fire, projecting missiles of a thousandfold projecting missiles of a thousandfold projecting missiles of a thousandfold greater penetrative power than that of a greater penetrative power than that of a greater penetrative power than that of a cannonball and carrying them probably to cannonball and carrying them probably to cannonball and carrying them probably to distances of many miles. These missiles distances of many miles. These missiles distances of many miles. These missiles are so small that we may fire them are so small that we may fire them are so small that we may fire them through our tissues for days, weeks, and through our tissues for days, weeks, and through our tissues for days, weeks, and years, apparently without hurtful years, apparently without hurtful years, apparently without hurtful consequence. Throughout the year, the consequence. Throughout the year, the consequence. Throughout the year, the inventor suffered from the grip.

inventor suffered from the grip. inventor suffered from the grip. Although his illness made the papers, Although his illness made the papers, Although his illness made the papers, nobody seemed to link it to his nobody seemed to link it to his nobody seemed to link it to his excessive experimentation with the excessive experimentation with the excessive experimentation with the mysterious energy. In fact, concerning mysterious energy. In fact, concerning mysterious energy. In fact, concerning the risk to one's health, Tesla wrote, the risk to one's health, Tesla wrote, the risk to one's health, Tesla wrote, "No experimentter need be deterred." "No experimentter need be deterred." "No experimentter need be deterred." from investigation of rank and rays for from investigation of rank and rays for from investigation of rank and rays for fear of poisonous or generally fear of poisonous or generally fear of poisonous or generally delletterious action for it seems delletterious action for it seems delletterious action for it seems reasonable to conclude that it would reasonable to conclude that it would reasonable to conclude that it would take centuries to accumulate enough of take centuries to accumulate enough of take centuries to accumulate enough of such matter to interfere seriously with such matter to interfere seriously with such matter to interfere seriously with the process of life of a person. We now the process of life of a person. We now the process of life of a person. We now know of course that this view is wrong know of course that this view is wrong know of course that this view is wrong as long-term exposure to X-rays can be as long-term exposure to X-rays can be as long-term exposure to X-rays can be very dangerous to one's health. Desler very dangerous to one's health. Desler very dangerous to one's health. Desler did however refer to pain in the center did however refer to pain in the center did however refer to pain in the center of his forehead when experimenting with of his forehead when experimenting with of his forehead when experimenting with the rays and to the hurtful action on the rays and to the hurtful action on the rays and to the hurtful action on the skin, inflammation and blistering. the skin, inflammation and blistering. the skin, inflammation and blistering. But this he attributed to the production But this he attributed to the production But this he attributed to the production of ozone, which in small quantities was of ozone, which in small quantities was of ozone, which in small quantities was a most beneficial disinfectant. a most beneficial disinfectant. a most beneficial disinfectant. Nevertheless, there was a severe Nevertheless, there was a severe Nevertheless, there was a severe accident in the lab to a clear and accident in the lab to a clear and accident in the lab to a clear and zealous assistant without a protective zealous assistant without a protective zealous assistant without a protective screen present. The worker suffered screen present. The worker suffered screen present. The worker suffered severe blistering and raw flesh exposed.

severe blistering and raw flesh exposed. severe blistering and raw flesh exposed. the inventor undertaking the bitter duty the inventor undertaking the bitter duty the inventor undertaking the bitter duty of recording the accident in order to of recording the accident in order to of recording the accident in order to lessen the danger for others. Ederson lessen the danger for others. Ederson lessen the danger for others. Ederson was also making headlines with his work was also making headlines with his work was also making headlines with his work with rung gun rays, especially when he with rung gun rays, especially when he with rung gun rays, especially when he noted that the streams caused blind noted that the streams caused blind noted that the streams caused blind people to experience sensations in their people to experience sensations in their people to experience sensations in their eyes. The X-rays succeeded in eliciting eyes. The X-rays succeeded in eliciting eyes. The X-rays succeeded in eliciting from the blind the ejaculation, I see. from the blind the ejaculation, I see. from the blind the ejaculation, I see. Yes, I see a light. Edison, whose Yes, I see a light. Edison, whose Yes, I see a light. Edison, whose fluoscope was already being used for fluoscope was already being used for fluoscope was already being used for lighting the eye during eye surgery, saw lighting the eye during eye surgery, saw lighting the eye during eye surgery, saw the possibility that eyesight in some the possibility that eyesight in some the possibility that eyesight in some way might be restored with the use of way might be restored with the use of way might be restored with the use of X-rays. Tesla doubted it, and so the X-rays. Tesla doubted it, and so the X-rays. Tesla doubted it, and so the press took up the charge and created a press took up the charge and created a press took up the charge and created a new round of headlines, placing the two new round of headlines, placing the two new round of headlines, placing the two pioneers once again against each other. pioneers once again against each other. pioneers once again against each other. The humilous dark Hungarian had the The humilous dark Hungarian had the The humilous dark Hungarian had the unpleasant duty to say, "Is it not cruel unpleasant duty to say, "Is it not cruel unpleasant duty to say, "Is it not cruel to raise such hopes when there is so to raise such hopes when there is so to raise such hopes when there is so little ground for it? What possible good little ground for it? What possible good little ground for it? What possible good can can can result? Time proved Edison wrong, as result? Time proved Edison wrong, as result? Time proved Edison wrong, as X-rays have not been used to stimulate X-rays have not been used to stimulate X-rays have not been used to stimulate the retina in such a way as to restore the retina in such a way as to restore the retina in such a way as to restore sight. But the two wizards did perform a sight. But the two wizards did perform a sight. But the two wizards did perform a number of successful miracles with the number of successful miracles with the number of successful miracles with the strange energy when each used the strange energy when each used the strange energy when each used the instruments to locate bullets lodged in instruments to locate bullets lodged in instruments to locate bullets lodged in the bones of various patients.

the bones of various patients. the bones of various patients. Fortunately, the Kentucky School of Fortunately, the Kentucky School of Fortunately, the Kentucky School of Medicine helped bring the battle between Medicine helped bring the battle between Medicine helped bring the battle between the two to a close when they combined the two to a close when they combined the two to a close when they combined the devices of Tesla and Edison to the devices of Tesla and Edison to the devices of Tesla and Edison to extract Birdshot from the wounded foot extract Birdshot from the wounded foot extract Birdshot from the wounded foot of a voter who had received the injury of a voter who had received the injury of a voter who had received the injury in a fight at an election poll. After in a fight at an election poll. After in a fight at an election poll. After developing the X-ray, which took only 90 developing the X-ray, which took only 90 developing the X-ray, which took only 90 seconds to make, every bone was seconds to make, every bone was seconds to make, every bone was distinctly shown, and the shot, about 30 distinctly shown, and the shot, about 30 distinctly shown, and the shot, about 30 in number, were plainly located. To in number, were plainly located. To in number, were plainly located. To celebrate the triumph and quell any celebrate the triumph and quell any celebrate the triumph and quell any purported hostilities, TC Martin was purported hostilities, TC Martin was purported hostilities, TC Martin was able to coax Tesla into joining Edison able to coax Tesla into joining Edison able to coax Tesla into joining Edison and a number of other electricians for a and a number of other electricians for a and a number of other electricians for a day of fishing on a top sales schooner day of fishing on a top sales schooner day of fishing on a top sales schooner off Sandy Hook. The event was sponsored off Sandy Hook. The event was sponsored off Sandy Hook. The event was sponsored by the safety insulated wire and cable by the safety insulated wire and cable by the safety insulated wire and cable company. Although a storm erupted, company. Although a storm erupted, company. Although a storm erupted, accompanied by dark clouds and accompanied by dark clouds and accompanied by dark clouds and lightning, the bold fishermen were lightning, the bold fishermen were lightning, the bold fishermen were undismayed. In stately grandness, as undismayed. In stately grandness, as undismayed. In stately grandness, as happy and well satisfied a party as ever happy and well satisfied a party as ever happy and well satisfied a party as ever rode the waves of the Atlantic's rode the waves of the Atlantic's rode the waves of the Atlantic's billows. Toward nightfall, the ship billows. Toward nightfall, the ship billows. Toward nightfall, the ship turned her prowl homeward. Nicola Tesla turned her prowl homeward. Nicola Tesla turned her prowl homeward. Nicola Tesla caught a flounder of large dimensions, caught a flounder of large dimensions, caught a flounder of large dimensions, and Edison caught a shocking big fluke. 20. Fall speech fluke. 20. Fall speech 1897. Nicola Tesla said much in a 1897. Nicola Tesla said much in a 1897. Nicola Tesla said much in a notable speech at the banquet to notable speech at the banquet to notable speech at the banquet to celebrate the conveyance of power from celebrate the conveyance of power from celebrate the conveyance of power from Niagara to Buffalo. Not just a plotting Niagara to Buffalo. Not just a plotting Niagara to Buffalo. Not just a plotting workman, he is a dreamer of wise dreams, workman, he is a dreamer of wise dreams, workman, he is a dreamer of wise dreams, a poet and a humanitarian working with a poet and a humanitarian working with a poet and a humanitarian working with new tools for the benefit of all. He is

new tools for the benefit of all. He is new tools for the benefit of all. He is a man who wonders at the folly of men a man who wonders at the folly of men a man who wonders at the folly of men who invent guns when they might invent who invent guns when they might invent who invent guns when they might invent tools. His spirit is naturally hopeful. tools. His spirit is naturally hopeful. tools. His spirit is naturally hopeful. He looks not so much at the world as of He looks not so much at the world as of He looks not so much at the world as of the universe. He finds power in the the universe. He finds power in the the universe. He finds power in the waterfall and at the same time looks waterfall and at the same time looks waterfall and at the same time looks forward to a time when we may perhaps forward to a time when we may perhaps forward to a time when we may perhaps tap the unseen forces of the planets and tap the unseen forces of the planets and tap the unseen forces of the planets and use the cosmic energy that swings the use the cosmic energy that swings the use the cosmic energy that swings the stars in their courses. He looks to a stars in their courses. He looks to a stars in their courses. He looks to a time when power shall be so cheap, so time when power shall be so cheap, so time when power shall be so cheap, so universal that all labor shall be done universal that all labor shall be done universal that all labor shall be done by tireless machines and every man's by tireless machines and every man's by tireless machines and every man's life be thus so much more worth living. life be thus so much more worth living. life be thus so much more worth living. Charles Charles Charles Barard. In July 1896, Tesla journeyed to Barard. In July 1896, Tesla journeyed to Barard. In July 1896, Tesla journeyed to Niagara Falls for his first survey of Niagara Falls for his first survey of Niagara Falls for his first survey of this great enterprise. He traveled with this great enterprise. He traveled with this great enterprise. He traveled with George Westinghouse, Edward Dean Adams, George Westinghouse, Edward Dean Adams, George Westinghouse, Edward Dean Adams, William Rankin, and Commander George William Rankin, and Commander George William Rankin, and Commander George Melville of the US Navy. Also present Melville of the US Navy. Also present Melville of the US Navy. Also present was Thomas Ele, supervisor of motive was Thomas Ele, supervisor of motive was Thomas Ele, supervisor of motive power for the Pennsylvania Railroad. power for the Pennsylvania Railroad. power for the Pennsylvania Railroad. Tesla was important to all five for Tesla was important to all five for Tesla was important to all five for almost as many reasons.

almost as many reasons. almost as many reasons. A reporter for the Niagara Gazette A reporter for the Niagara Gazette A reporter for the Niagara Gazette greeted them upon their arrival. Tesla greeted them upon their arrival. Tesla greeted them upon their arrival. Tesla is an idealist, the journalist wrote, is an idealist, the journalist wrote, is an idealist, the journalist wrote, fully 6t tall, very dark of complexion, fully 6t tall, very dark of complexion, fully 6t tall, very dark of complexion, nervous, and wiry. Impressionable nervous, and wiry. Impressionable nervous, and wiry. Impressionable maidens would fall in love with him at maidens would fall in love with him at maidens would fall in love with him at first sight, but he has no time to think first sight, but he has no time to think first sight, but he has no time to think of impressionable maidens. In fact, he of impressionable maidens. In fact, he of impressionable maidens. In fact, he has given as his opinion that inventors has given as his opinion that inventors has given as his opinion that inventors should never marry. Day and night he is should never marry. Day and night he is should never marry. Day and night he is working away at some deep problems that working away at some deep problems that working away at some deep problems that fascinate him. And anyone that talks fascinate him. And anyone that talks fascinate him. And anyone that talks with him for only a few minutes will get with him for only a few minutes will get with him for only a few minutes will get the impression that science is his only the impression that science is his only the impression that science is his only mistress and that he cares more for her mistress and that he cares more for her mistress and that he cares more for her than for money and fame. Rankin than for money and fame. Rankin than for money and fame. Rankin predicted that Buffalo would receive predicted that Buffalo would receive predicted that Buffalo would receive electrical power by November and electrical power by November and electrical power by November and Westinghouse predicted the costs would Westinghouse predicted the costs would Westinghouse predicted the costs would be cheaper than steam. You could say it be cheaper than steam. You could say it be cheaper than steam. You could say it will cost 1/2 what steam power costs. will cost 1/2 what steam power costs. will cost 1/2 what steam power costs. Rankin added in support. Mr. Tesla, what Rankin added in support. Mr. Tesla, what Rankin added in support. Mr. Tesla, what is your opinion of the effect of this is your opinion of the effect of this is your opinion of the effect of this development of power on Buffalo and development of power on Buffalo and development of power on Buffalo and Niagara Niagara Niagara Falls? The effect will be that both Falls? The effect will be that both Falls? The effect will be that both cities will stretch out their arms until cities will stretch out their arms until cities will stretch out their arms until they meet. Tesla looked up at the they meet. Tesla looked up at the they meet. Tesla looked up at the roaring cataract, overcome with emotion roaring cataract, overcome with emotion roaring cataract, overcome with emotion as he and the others dawn their reindeer as he and the others dawn their reindeer as he and the others dawn their reindeer before entering the mighty wonder. He before entering the mighty wonder. He before entering the mighty wonder. He had grown up just 50 mi from the had grown up just 50 mi from the had grown up just 50 mi from the magnificent maze of cascading flumes magnificent maze of cascading flumes magnificent maze of cascading flumes known as pleitza lakes, but those were known as pleitza lakes, but those were known as pleitza lakes, but those were lily compared to this thundering lily compared to this thundering lily compared to this thundering colossus. Pride overcame the inventor, colossus. Pride overcame the inventor, colossus. Pride overcame the inventor, as he trailed behind for a few moments as he trailed behind for a few moments as he trailed behind for a few moments to think, as he so often did, of his

to think, as he so often did, of his to think, as he so often did, of his mountain homeland. It had been 4 years mountain homeland. It had been 4 years mountain homeland. It had been 4 years since he had seen his family, 15 years since he had seen his family, 15 years since he had seen his family, 15 years since his first successful construction since his first successful construction since his first successful construction of a turbine that could be driven by of a turbine that could be driven by of a turbine that could be driven by water power, and nearly 35 years since water power, and nearly 35 years since water power, and nearly 35 years since he had told his uncle of his dream of he had told his uncle of his dream of he had told his uncle of his dream of one day harnessing Niagara Falls. one day harnessing Niagara Falls. one day harnessing Niagara Falls. Humbled by this awesome manifestation of Humbled by this awesome manifestation of Humbled by this awesome manifestation of nature, he sat for a moment to reflect nature, he sat for a moment to reflect nature, he sat for a moment to reflect as he watched his cohorts disappear as he watched his cohorts disappear as he watched his cohorts disappear along the catwalks into a mist of along the catwalks into a mist of along the catwalks into a mist of rainbows. "Let's go, Mr. Tesla," Adams rainbows. "Let's go, Mr. Tesla," Adams rainbows. "Let's go, Mr. Tesla," Adams called out, having waited as patiently called out, having waited as patiently called out, having waited as patiently as he could. But the next stop on the as he could. But the next stop on the as he could. But the next stop on the itinerary was the Edward Dean Adams itinerary was the Edward Dean Adams itinerary was the Edward Dean Adams hydroelect electric power station, the hydroelect electric power station, the hydroelect electric power station, the first of two that will be built in his first of two that will be built in his first of two that will be built in his name. Designed by Stanford White, the name. Designed by Stanford White, the name. Designed by Stanford White, the Edifice housed nearly a dozen gargantuan Edifice housed nearly a dozen gargantuan Edifice housed nearly a dozen gargantuan Tesla turbines capable of generating Tesla turbines capable of generating Tesla turbines capable of generating collectively over 35,000 kW. The men collectively over 35,000 kW. The men collectively over 35,000 kW. The men appeared like dwarfs, sauntering amid a appeared like dwarfs, sauntering amid a appeared like dwarfs, sauntering amid a lustrous gadgetry assembled as if by lustrous gadgetry assembled as if by lustrous gadgetry assembled as if by giants. one long row of towering giants. one long row of towering giants. one long row of towering kettle-shaped engines. From this kettle-shaped engines. From this kettle-shaped engines. From this chamber, an efficient, non-polluting, chamber, an efficient, non-polluting, chamber, an efficient, non-polluting, neverending source of electrical energy neverending source of electrical energy neverending source of electrical energy was about to be generated, capable of was about to be generated, capable of was about to be generated, capable of driving the factories and illuminating driving the factories and illuminating driving the factories and illuminating the streets and homes of nearly 1/4 of the streets and homes of nearly 1/4 of the streets and homes of nearly 1/4 of the entire continent. The echoes of the entire continent. The echoes of the entire continent. The echoes of their steps faded as they stood for a their steps faded as they stood for a their steps faded as they stood for a moment in silence in the chapel of the moment in silence in the chapel of the moment in silence in the chapel of the dawning new age.

dawning new age. dawning new age. Upon his return to New York, Tesla found Upon his return to New York, Tesla found Upon his return to New York, Tesla found a letter from Sir William Priest. A a letter from Sir William Priest. A a letter from Sir William Priest. A young man, half British on his mother's young man, half British on his mother's young man, half British on his mother's side and half Italian, had stopped by side and half Italian, had stopped by side and half Italian, had stopped by Priest's office with a wireless Morse Priest's office with a wireless Morse Priest's office with a wireless Morse code apparatus based on the work of code apparatus based on the work of code apparatus based on the work of Hinrich Herz. Golmo Maronei, just 22 Hinrich Herz. Golmo Maronei, just 22 Hinrich Herz. Golmo Maronei, just 22 years old, had brought a notebook which years old, had brought a notebook which years old, had brought a notebook which reviewed the literature in the field, reviewed the literature in the field, reviewed the literature in the field, most likely the writings of Herz, Large, most likely the writings of Herz, Large, most likely the writings of Herz, Large, and Tesla. Maronei had chosen wisely as and Tesla. Maronei had chosen wisely as and Tesla. Maronei had chosen wisely as priest was head of the British post priest was head of the British post priest was head of the British post office and had experimented himself in office and had experimented himself in office and had experimented himself in testing induction effects through the testing induction effects through the testing induction effects through the ground from telegraph ground from telegraph ground from telegraph lines. After the experiments with the lines. After the experiments with the lines. After the experiments with the classical Hertz devices under the opaces classical Hertz devices under the opaces classical Hertz devices under the opaces of the imperial post office in England, of the imperial post office in England, of the imperial post office in England, Tesla reported many years later, Priest Tesla reported many years later, Priest Tesla reported many years later, Priest wrote me a letter conveying the wrote me a letter conveying the wrote me a letter conveying the information that the tests had been information that the tests had been information that the tests had been abandoned as of no value, but he abandoned as of no value, but he abandoned as of no value, but he believed good results would be possible believed good results would be possible believed good results would be possible by my system. In reply, I offered to by my system. In reply, I offered to by my system. In reply, I offered to prepare two sets for trial and asked him prepare two sets for trial and asked him prepare two sets for trial and asked him to give me the technical particulars to give me the technical particulars to give me the technical particulars necessary to the design. Just then, necessary to the design. Just then, necessary to the design. Just then, Maronei came out with the emphatic Maronei came out with the emphatic Maronei came out with the emphatic assertion that he had tried out my assertion that he had tried out my assertion that he had tried out my apparatus and that it did not work.

apparatus and that it did not work. apparatus and that it did not work. Evidently, he succeeded in his purpose, Evidently, he succeeded in his purpose, Evidently, he succeeded in his purpose, for nothing was done in regard to my for nothing was done in regard to my for nothing was done in regard to my proposal. Tesla's first patent proposal. Tesla's first patent proposal. Tesla's first patent specifically for wireless transmission specifically for wireless transmission specifically for wireless transmission was filed a year later on September 2nd, was filed a year later on September 2nd, was filed a year later on September 2nd, 1897, number 1897, number 1897, number 650, 353. 650, 353. 650, 353. The following month in August 1896, The following month in August 1896, The following month in August 1896, Tesla received a histrionic plea from Tesla received a histrionic plea from Tesla received a histrionic plea from Catherine, who was vacationing with her Catherine, who was vacationing with her Catherine, who was vacationing with her family at a cottage in Bar Harbor, family at a cottage in Bar Harbor, family at a cottage in Bar Harbor, Maine. Wanting desperately for Tesla to Maine. Wanting desperately for Tesla to Maine. Wanting desperately for Tesla to join them, she could only allude to her join them, she could only allude to her join them, she could only allude to her wish. August the 6, wish. August the 6, wish. August the 6, 1896. Dear Mr. Tesla, I am so troubled 1896. Dear Mr. Tesla, I am so troubled 1896. Dear Mr. Tesla, I am so troubled about you. I hear you are ill. Leave about you. I hear you are ill. Leave about you. I hear you are ill. Leave work for a while. I am haunted by the work for a while. I am haunted by the work for a while. I am haunted by the fear that you may succumb to the heat. fear that you may succumb to the heat. fear that you may succumb to the heat. Find a cool climate. Do not stay in New Find a cool climate. Do not stay in New Find a cool climate. Do not stay in New York. That would mean the laboratory York. That would mean the laboratory York. That would mean the laboratory every day. You are making a mistake, my every day. You are making a mistake, my every day. You are making a mistake, my dear friend, almost a fatal one. You dear friend, almost a fatal one. You dear friend, almost a fatal one. You think you do not need change and rest.

think you do not need change and rest. think you do not need change and rest. You are so tired you do not know what You are so tired you do not know what You are so tired you do not know what you need. If somebody would only pick you need. If somebody would only pick you need. If somebody would only pick you up and carry you bodily. I hardly you up and carry you bodily. I hardly you up and carry you bodily. I hardly know what to expect to gain by writing know what to expect to gain by writing know what to expect to gain by writing you. My words have no effect. forgotten you. My words have no effect. forgotten you. My words have no effect. forgotten as soon as read, perhaps. But I must as soon as read, perhaps. But I must as soon as read, perhaps. But I must speak, and I will. You do not send me a speak, and I will. You do not send me a speak, and I will. You do not send me a line. How delighted I should be if it line. How delighted I should be if it line. How delighted I should be if it bore an unfamiliar bore an unfamiliar bore an unfamiliar postmark. Sincerely yours, Katherine postmark. Sincerely yours, Katherine postmark. Sincerely yours, Katherine Johnson. Robert, having some perspective Johnson. Robert, having some perspective Johnson. Robert, having some perspective on Katherine's sense of drama, also on Katherine's sense of drama, also on Katherine's sense of drama, also wrote to invite him up. But I know it wrote to invite him up. But I know it wrote to invite him up. But I know it isn't safe for you to get more than 3 mi isn't safe for you to get more than 3 mi isn't safe for you to get more than 3 mi away from Del Monos. The rumor is that away from Del Monos. The rumor is that away from Del Monos. The rumor is that you have melted in your you have melted in your you have melted in your laboratory. Perhaps Catherine was right, laboratory. Perhaps Catherine was right, laboratory. Perhaps Catherine was right, for Tesla was unavailable to the for Tesla was unavailable to the for Tesla was unavailable to the Johnson's even upon their return. Tesla Johnson's even upon their return. Tesla Johnson's even upon their return. Tesla was also ignoring letters from his was also ignoring letters from his was also ignoring letters from his sisters from Croatia, particularly sisters from Croatia, particularly sisters from Croatia, particularly Maritza, who much like Catherine, asked Maritza, who much like Catherine, asked Maritza, who much like Catherine, asked him why he would not respond. Runes had him why he would not respond. Runes had him why he would not respond. Runes had been left behind many months ago, but he been left behind many months ago, but he been left behind many months ago, but he was still gaunt from illness and was still gaunt from illness and was still gaunt from illness and overwork. Now he was in a wireless race overwork. Now he was in a wireless race overwork. Now he was in a wireless race against newcomers like Maronei. Fearing against newcomers like Maronei. Fearing against newcomers like Maronei. Fearing that his invention would be pirated, that his invention would be pirated, that his invention would be pirated, Tesla's lab became a more mysterious Tesla's lab became a more mysterious Tesla's lab became a more mysterious place. November 7th, place. November 7th, place. November 7th, 1896. Dear Mr. Tesla, it may seem 1896. Dear Mr. Tesla, it may seem 1896. Dear Mr. Tesla, it may seem presumptuous for a stranger to address presumptuous for a stranger to address presumptuous for a stranger to address you, but Mrs. Johnson, my wife, whom you you, but Mrs. Johnson, my wife, whom you you, but Mrs. Johnson, my wife, whom you may remember having met, cannot refrain may remember having met, cannot refrain may remember having met, cannot refrain from uniting with me in congratulating

from uniting with me in congratulating from uniting with me in congratulating you on the success of the Buffalo you on the success of the Buffalo you on the success of the Buffalo experiment. If this seems taking too experiment. If this seems taking too experiment. If this seems taking too great a liberty with one whom we know so great a liberty with one whom we know so great a liberty with one whom we know so slightly, I trust you will attribute it slightly, I trust you will attribute it slightly, I trust you will attribute it to our interest in the progress of to our interest in the progress of to our interest in the progress of humanity. Respectfully yours, Robert humanity. Respectfully yours, Robert humanity. Respectfully yours, Robert Underwood Johnson. Tesla's holiday Underwood Johnson. Tesla's holiday Underwood Johnson. Tesla's holiday spirit prevailed, and he joined his spirit prevailed, and he joined his spirit prevailed, and he joined his beloved Johnson's for Christmas dinner, beloved Johnson's for Christmas dinner, beloved Johnson's for Christmas dinner, apologizing for being so distant by apologizing for being so distant by apologizing for being so distant by bringing Mrs. Philippov an exquisite bringing Mrs. Philippov an exquisite bringing Mrs. Philippov an exquisite bouquet of flowers. The celebration of bouquet of flowers. The celebration of bouquet of flowers. The celebration of the inauguration of the Niagara Power the inauguration of the Niagara Power the inauguration of the Niagara Power Station was held at the Elott Club in Station was held at the Elott Club in Station was held at the Elott Club in Buffalo in the midst of winter's most Buffalo in the midst of winter's most Buffalo in the midst of winter's most dangerous month. Fortunately, the dangerous month. Fortunately, the dangerous month. Fortunately, the weather was permitting, and 350 of the weather was permitting, and 350 of the weather was permitting, and 350 of the nation's most prominent businessmen made nation's most prominent businessmen made nation's most prominent businessmen made the January trek. hosted by Morgan's the January trek. hosted by Morgan's the January trek. hosted by Morgan's advance man, Francis Lynn Stson, a law advance man, Francis Lynn Stson, a law advance man, Francis Lynn Stson, a law partner of Grover Cleveland's. The list partner of Grover Cleveland's. The list partner of Grover Cleveland's. The list of attendees included a veritable who's of attendees included a veritable who's of attendees included a veritable who's who of commerce. Curiously missing from who of commerce. Curiously missing from who of commerce. Curiously missing from the event, although invited, were such the event, although invited, were such the event, although invited, were such notables as John Jacob Aster, J. Peront notables as John Jacob Aster, J. Peront notables as John Jacob Aster, J. Peront Morgan, and Thomas Alva Edison. Mr.

Morgan, and Thomas Alva Edison. Mr. Morgan, and Thomas Alva Edison. Mr. Stson spoke of the paw of smoke hanging Stson spoke of the paw of smoke hanging Stson spoke of the paw of smoke hanging over Buffalo and said that the day over Buffalo and said that the day over Buffalo and said that the day should come when power would come from should come when power would come from should come when power would come from Niagara and not from smoke and Niagara and not from smoke and Niagara and not from smoke and steam. The introduction of Nicola Tesla, steam. The introduction of Nicola Tesla, steam. The introduction of Nicola Tesla, the greatest electrician on Earth, the greatest electrician on Earth, the greatest electrician on Earth, produced a monstrous ovation. The guests produced a monstrous ovation. The guests produced a monstrous ovation. The guests sprang to their feet and wildly waved sprang to their feet and wildly waved sprang to their feet and wildly waved napkins and cheered for the famous napkins and cheered for the famous napkins and cheered for the famous scientist. It was 3 or 4 minutes before scientist. It was 3 or 4 minutes before scientist. It was 3 or 4 minutes before choir prevailed. A constellation of choir prevailed. A constellation of choir prevailed. A constellation of psychological peculiarities accompanied psychological peculiarities accompanied psychological peculiarities accompanied the wizard's lecture. He began in a the wizard's lecture. He began in a the wizard's lecture. He began in a self-deprecating manner. I have scarcely self-deprecating manner. I have scarcely self-deprecating manner. I have scarcely had courage enough to address an had courage enough to address an had courage enough to address an audience on a few unavoidable occasions. audience on a few unavoidable occasions. audience on a few unavoidable occasions. Even now, as I speak, the fugitive Even now, as I speak, the fugitive Even now, as I speak, the fugitive conceptions will vanish, and I shall conceptions will vanish, and I shall conceptions will vanish, and I shall experience certain well-known sensations experience certain well-known sensations experience certain well-known sensations of abandonment, chill, and silence. I of abandonment, chill, and silence. I of abandonment, chill, and silence. I can see already your disappointed can see already your disappointed can see already your disappointed countenances, and can read in them the countenances, and can read in them the countenances, and can read in them the painful regret of the mistake of your painful regret of the mistake of your painful regret of the mistake of your choice. Why did Tesla poison the well choice. Why did Tesla poison the well choice. Why did Tesla poison the well with this dreadful opening? A deep sense with this dreadful opening? A deep sense with this dreadful opening? A deep sense of inferiority appears evident, and yet of inferiority appears evident, and yet of inferiority appears evident, and yet Tesla was also completely aware that Tesla was also completely aware that Tesla was also completely aware that this dinner was in his honor, and was this dinner was in his honor, and was this dinner was in his honor, and was therefore the pinnacle of his life to therefore the pinnacle of his life to therefore the pinnacle of his life to date, and threw him an apotheiois for date, and threw him an apotheiois for date, and threw him an apotheiois for the whole of humanity. Why didn't he the whole of humanity. Why didn't he the whole of humanity. Why didn't he simply congratulate himself or accept simply congratulate himself or accept simply congratulate himself or accept praise welld deserved? We see here the praise welld deserved? We see here the praise welld deserved? We see here the first tangible manifestations of an first tangible manifestations of an first tangible manifestations of an overpowering feeling of inferiority. A overpowering feeling of inferiority. A overpowering feeling of inferiority. A clear-cut self-destructive element in

clear-cut self-destructive element in clear-cut self-destructive element in his nature. The dark legacy of a his nature. The dark legacy of a his nature. The dark legacy of a deep-seated repression flooded through deep-seated repression flooded through deep-seated repression flooded through his veins like a hydra about to his veins like a hydra about to his veins like a hydra about to annihilate. Nevertheless, it was his annihilate. Nevertheless, it was his annihilate. Nevertheless, it was his inventions that would change an entire inventions that would change an entire inventions that would change an entire world. It was the name of Nicola Tesla world. It was the name of Nicola Tesla world. It was the name of Nicola Tesla which appeared a dozen times on the which appeared a dozen times on the which appeared a dozen times on the patent plaque of his new system. It was patent plaque of his new system. It was patent plaque of his new system. It was Nicola Tesla who was praised with wild Nicola Tesla who was praised with wild Nicola Tesla who was praised with wild enthusiasm by the corporate and enthusiasm by the corporate and enthusiasm by the corporate and engineering intelligencia. And it was engineering intelligencia. And it was engineering intelligencia. And it was Nicola Tesla who changed in precise and Nicola Tesla who changed in precise and Nicola Tesla who changed in precise and measurable ways the very direction measurable ways the very direction measurable ways the very direction humanity was taking. This was a moment humanity was taking. This was a moment humanity was taking. This was a moment of anointment. Through his specific of anointment. Through his specific of anointment. Through his specific action, the evolution of the race and action, the evolution of the race and action, the evolution of the race and the texture of an entire planet will be the texture of an entire planet will be the texture of an entire planet will be permanently changed in a positive way. permanently changed in a positive way. permanently changed in a positive way. Yet at this moment of the fulfillment of Yet at this moment of the fulfillment of Yet at this moment of the fulfillment of his greatest wish, a deep neurotic his greatest wish, a deep neurotic his greatest wish, a deep neurotic constellation was also triggered. From constellation was also triggered. From constellation was also triggered. From the psychoanalytic perspective, Tesla the psychoanalytic perspective, Tesla the psychoanalytic perspective, Tesla could now repay his family for the death could now repay his family for the death could now repay his family for the death of his brother by symbolically bringing of his brother by symbolically bringing of his brother by symbolically bringing the brother back to life and on the the brother back to life and on the the brother back to life and on the larger scale give the world a new life.

larger scale give the world a new life. larger scale give the world a new life. his AC polyphase system, but the shadow his AC polyphase system, but the shadow his AC polyphase system, but the shadow had its hold, and he was simply unable had its hold, and he was simply unable had its hold, and he was simply unable to accept the happiness of the moment to accept the happiness of the moment to accept the happiness of the moment without throwing a monkey wrench into without throwing a monkey wrench into without throwing a monkey wrench into it." His speech went on, "These remarks, it." His speech went on, "These remarks, it." His speech went on, "These remarks, gentlemen, are not made with the selfish gentlemen, are not made with the selfish gentlemen, are not made with the selfish desire of winning your kindness and desire of winning your kindness and desire of winning your kindness and indulgence of my shortcomings, but with indulgence of my shortcomings, but with indulgence of my shortcomings, but with the honest intention of offering you an the honest intention of offering you an the honest intention of offering you an apology for your disappointment. But I apology for your disappointment. But I apology for your disappointment. But I am hopeful that in my formless and am hopeful that in my formless and am hopeful that in my formless and incomplete statements, there may be incomplete statements, there may be incomplete statements, there may be something of interest benefiting this something of interest benefiting this something of interest benefiting this unique unique unique occasion. Tesla's unconscious plan, the occasion. Tesla's unconscious plan, the occasion. Tesla's unconscious plan, the heart and soul of his neurosis, was to heart and soul of his neurosis, was to heart and soul of his neurosis, was to completely undermine himself by completely undermine himself by completely undermine himself by downgrading the Niagara endeavor. It is downgrading the Niagara endeavor. It is downgrading the Niagara endeavor. It is possible that Stson had read the speech possible that Stson had read the speech possible that Stson had read the speech on the train ride up to Buffalo and on the train ride up to Buffalo and on the train ride up to Buffalo and foresaw the tragic consequences, as it foresaw the tragic consequences, as it foresaw the tragic consequences, as it appears that he waited for a propitious appears that he waited for a propitious appears that he waited for a propitious moment to cut the tail end off. Now that moment to cut the tail end off. Now that moment to cut the tail end off. Now that Tesla had arrived, he began to see Tesla had arrived, he began to see Tesla had arrived, he began to see himself as more than a mere inventor. He himself as more than a mere inventor. He himself as more than a mere inventor. He was a creator, not of great paintings or was a creator, not of great paintings or was a creator, not of great paintings or of great musical compositions, but of of great musical compositions, but of of great musical compositions, but of great technologies.

great technologies. great technologies. Niagara Falls was but a stepping stone Niagara Falls was but a stepping stone Niagara Falls was but a stepping stone to the larger plan. His speech went on to the larger plan. His speech went on to the larger plan. His speech went on to pay homage to the philanthropic to pay homage to the philanthropic to pay homage to the philanthropic spirit of the businessman and the great spirit of the businessman and the great spirit of the businessman and the great contribution of the scientist. Tesla contribution of the scientist. Tesla contribution of the scientist. Tesla also hailed such individuals as arc also hailed such individuals as arc also hailed such individuals as arc lighting designer Charles Brush, vacuum lighting designer Charles Brush, vacuum lighting designer Charles Brush, vacuum tube inventor Philip Leonard, and tube inventor Philip Leonard, and tube inventor Philip Leonard, and railroad engine designer Frank Sprag, as railroad engine designer Frank Sprag, as railroad engine designer Frank Sprag, as well as Vilhelm Rutken, Lordley, Elhu well as Vilhelm Rutken, Lordley, Elhu well as Vilhelm Rutken, Lordley, Elhu Thompson, Thomas Edison, and George Thompson, Thomas Edison, and George Thompson, Thomas Edison, and George Westinghouse. Westinghouse. Westinghouse. All of these men and many more are All of these men and many more are All of these men and many more are untiringly at work investigating new untiringly at work investigating new untiringly at work investigating new regions and opening up unsuspected and regions and opening up unsuspected and regions and opening up unsuspected and promising fields. Among all these many promising fields. Among all these many promising fields. Among all these many departments of research, there is one departments of research, there is one departments of research, there is one which is of the greatest significance which is of the greatest significance which is of the greatest significance for the comfort and existence of for the comfort and existence of for the comfort and existence of mankind, and that is the electrical mankind, and that is the electrical mankind, and that is the electrical transmission of power. We have many a transmission of power. We have many a transmission of power. We have many a monument of past ages exemplifying the monument of past ages exemplifying the monument of past ages exemplifying the greatness of nations, the power of men, greatness of nations, the power of men, greatness of nations, the power of men, the love of art and religious devotion.

the love of art and religious devotion. the love of art and religious devotion. But that monument at Niagara has But that monument at Niagara has But that monument at Niagara has something of its own worthy of our something of its own worthy of our something of its own worthy of our scientific age, a true monument of scientific age, a true monument of scientific age, a true monument of enlightenment and of peace. It signifies enlightenment and of peace. It signifies enlightenment and of peace. It signifies the subjugation of natural forces to the the subjugation of natural forces to the the subjugation of natural forces to the service of man, the discontinuence of service of man, the discontinuence of service of man, the discontinuence of barbarous methods, the relieving of barbarous methods, the relieving of barbarous methods, the relieving of millions from want and suffering. Power millions from want and suffering. Power millions from want and suffering. Power is our mainstay, the primary source of is our mainstay, the primary source of is our mainstay, the primary source of our manysided our manysided our manysided energies. Stson saw his moment and energies. Stson saw his moment and energies. Stson saw his moment and returned to the stage to whisper in returned to the stage to whisper in returned to the stage to whisper in Tesla's ear. I am just informed, Tesla Tesla's ear. I am just informed, Tesla Tesla's ear. I am just informed, Tesla suddenly announced, that in 3 minutes we suddenly announced, that in 3 minutes we suddenly announced, that in 3 minutes we have to leave. What can I say? Prize of have to leave. What can I say? Prize of have to leave. What can I say? Prize of no. I can congratulate the courageous no. I can congratulate the courageous no. I can congratulate the courageous pioneers who have embarked in this pioneers who have embarked in this pioneers who have embarked in this enterprise and carried it to success. enterprise and carried it to success. enterprise and carried it to success. Buffalonians, I would say, friends, let Buffalonians, I would say, friends, let Buffalonians, I would say, friends, let me congratulate you on the wonderful me congratulate you on the wonderful me congratulate you on the wonderful expanse of possibilities opened, and let expanse of possibilities opened, and let expanse of possibilities opened, and let me wish that in no time distant your me wish that in no time distant your me wish that in no time distant your city will be a worthy neighbor of the city will be a worthy neighbor of the city will be a worthy neighbor of the great cataract, which is one of the great cataract, which is one of the great cataract, which is one of the great wonders of nature. There was a great wonders of nature. There was a great wonders of nature. There was a train to catch. The rest of the speech train to catch. The rest of the speech train to catch. The rest of the speech will be published in the electrical will be published in the electrical will be published in the electrical journals. It was a fortuitous break, but journals. It was a fortuitous break, but journals. It was a fortuitous break, but here we see a positive statement here we see a positive statement here we see a positive statement concerning the stupendous achievement at concerning the stupendous achievement at concerning the stupendous achievement at Niagara. And we also see the seeds of a Niagara. And we also see the seeds of a Niagara. And we also see the seeds of a new vision Tesla was planting for the new vision Tesla was planting for the new vision Tesla was planting for the world. He was not a mechanic, but an world. He was not a mechanic, but an world. He was not a mechanic, but an artist. Monetary gain was not an end. In artist. Monetary gain was not an end. In artist. Monetary gain was not an end. In fact, the providing of cheap power for

fact, the providing of cheap power for fact, the providing of cheap power for the masses was a goal. Businessmen were the masses was a goal. Businessmen were the masses was a goal. Businessmen were not greedy capitalists, but noble not greedy capitalists, but noble not greedy capitalists, but noble philanthropists. philanthropists. philanthropists. This was a utopian dream which perhaps This was a utopian dream which perhaps This was a utopian dream which perhaps one day might come true. And as we shall one day might come true. And as we shall one day might come true. And as we shall see, it was also a justification, maybe see, it was also a justification, maybe see, it was also a justification, maybe even a rationalization for some of the even a rationalization for some of the even a rationalization for some of the audacious ways Tesla chose to spend the audacious ways Tesla chose to spend the audacious ways Tesla chose to spend the contributions of the financiers who came contributions of the financiers who came contributions of the financiers who came to support his Prometheian campaign. to support his Prometheian campaign. to support his Prometheian campaign. Playing the master game, Tesla was Playing the master game, Tesla was Playing the master game, Tesla was gambling for all the stakes. His goal gambling for all the stakes. His goal gambling for all the stakes. His goal was no less than the ability to was no less than the ability to was no less than the ability to transform himself into a deity. This, as transform himself into a deity. This, as transform himself into a deity. This, as O'Neal writes, was his Superman O'Neal writes, was his Superman O'Neal writes, was his Superman complex. We shall not satisfy ourselves complex. We shall not satisfy ourselves complex. We shall not satisfy ourselves simply with improving present- day simply with improving present- day simply with improving present- day methods. We have a greater task to methods. We have a greater task to methods. We have a greater task to fulfill, to evolve means for obtaining fulfill, to evolve means for obtaining fulfill, to evolve means for obtaining energy from stores which are forever energy from stores which are forever energy from stores which are forever inexhaustible, to perfect methods which inexhaustible, to perfect methods which inexhaustible, to perfect methods which do not imply consumption and waste of do not imply consumption and waste of do not imply consumption and waste of any material whatever. I have examined any material whatever. I have examined any material whatever. I have examined for a long time the possibilities of for a long time the possibilities of for a long time the possibilities of operating engines on any point of the operating engines on any point of the operating engines on any point of the earth by the energy of the medium and I earth by the energy of the medium and I earth by the energy of the medium and I am glad to say that I have devised means am glad to say that I have devised means am glad to say that I have devised means which has given me fresh hope that I which has given me fresh hope that I which has given me fresh hope that I shall see the fulfillment of one of my shall see the fulfillment of one of my shall see the fulfillment of one of my fondest dreams namely the transmission fondest dreams namely the transmission fondest dreams namely the transmission of power from station to station without of power from station to station without of power from station to station without the employment of any connecting wire.

the employment of any connecting wire. the employment of any connecting wire. Theler had audaciously proclaimed in the Theler had audaciously proclaimed in the Theler had audaciously proclaimed in the written and published part of his speech written and published part of his speech written and published part of his speech that this great enterprise which they that this great enterprise which they that this great enterprise which they were about to usher in and the one we were about to usher in and the one we were about to usher in and the one we still use a century later was already still use a century later was already still use a century later was already obsolete. He had a better plan. There obsolete. He had a better plan. There obsolete. He had a better plan. There was no need for the millions of was no need for the millions of was no need for the millions of telephone poles that were to be erected. telephone poles that were to be erected. telephone poles that were to be erected. No need for the megat tons of copper No need for the megat tons of copper No need for the megat tons of copper that would have to go into an endless that would have to go into an endless that would have to go into an endless array of interconnected power lines. No array of interconnected power lines. No array of interconnected power lines. No need for the enormous production of need for the enormous production of need for the enormous production of rubber for insulation or for the tens of rubber for insulation or for the tens of rubber for insulation or for the tens of thousands of acres required to support thousands of acres required to support thousands of acres required to support the system. And no need for the workmen the system. And no need for the workmen the system. And no need for the workmen who were soon to be hired to maintain who were soon to be hired to maintain who were soon to be hired to maintain the equipment. For all of this, the the equipment. For all of this, the the equipment. For all of this, the transmission of electrical power, light, transmission of electrical power, light, transmission of electrical power, light, and information could be achieved and information could be achieved and information could be achieved without wires. No wonder Stson cut Tesla without wires. No wonder Stson cut Tesla without wires. No wonder Stson cut Tesla short. This speech was the pivotal short. This speech was the pivotal short. This speech was the pivotal moment in Tesla's career. He set out moment in Tesla's career. He set out moment in Tesla's career. He set out full force to achieve this end. Nothing full force to achieve this end. Nothing full force to achieve this end. Nothing but death would stop him in his attempts but death would stop him in his attempts but death would stop him in his attempts to realize the dream.

dream. 21 luminaries 1896 21 luminaries 1896 21 luminaries 1896 to98. A memorable occasion was the first to98. A memorable occasion was the first to98. A memorable occasion was the first meeting of Tesla and Paderefki, two more meeting of Tesla and Paderefki, two more meeting of Tesla and Paderefki, two more intellectual or lovable men I have never intellectual or lovable men I have never intellectual or lovable men I have never known. They were most congenial and known. They were most congenial and known. They were most congenial and became friends at once. On comparing became friends at once. On comparing became friends at once. On comparing notes, they discovered that they had notes, they discovered that they had notes, they discovered that they had both been in Strasborg years before at both been in Strasborg years before at both been in Strasborg years before at the same time, the same time, the same time, 1882. Tesla as an electrical assistant 1882. Tesla as an electrical assistant 1882. Tesla as an electrical assistant on a small salary, and Paderefki as a on a small salary, and Paderefki as a on a small salary, and Paderefki as a student in music, and they laughed student in music, and they laughed student in music, and they laughed heartily at the change of their heartily at the change of their heartily at the change of their condition since that time of storm and condition since that time of storm and condition since that time of storm and stress. Robert Underwood Johnson. Tesla stress. Robert Underwood Johnson. Tesla stress. Robert Underwood Johnson. Tesla traveled back to Manhattan with TC traveled back to Manhattan with TC traveled back to Manhattan with TC Martin, Francis Lin Stson, Darius Ogden Martin, Francis Lin Stson, Darius Ogden Martin, Francis Lin Stson, Darius Ogden Mills, and John Hayes Hammond's brother Mills, and John Hayes Hammond's brother Mills, and John Hayes Hammond's brother Richard Hammond who was considering Richard Hammond who was considering Richard Hammond who was considering placing Tesla turbons at a dam in placing Tesla turbons at a dam in placing Tesla turbons at a dam in California. A Rotken symposium was being California. A Rotken symposium was being California. A Rotken symposium was being coordinated by Martin and Ru Johnson coordinated by Martin and Ru Johnson coordinated by Martin and Ru Johnson under the opaces of the century and under the opaces of the century and under the opaces of the century and Tesla would help in the preparations.

Tesla would help in the preparations. Tesla would help in the preparations. But disagreements with Tom Edison, Ella But disagreements with Tom Edison, Ella But disagreements with Tom Edison, Ella Hugh Thompson, and Mikall Pupin had Hugh Thompson, and Mikall Pupin had Hugh Thompson, and Mikall Pupin had peaked, and Tesla declined an invitation peaked, and Tesla declined an invitation peaked, and Tesla declined an invitation to a dinner of all the to a dinner of all the to a dinner of all the participants. I cannot explain, but it participants. I cannot explain, but it participants. I cannot explain, but it is really impossible for me to join the is really impossible for me to join the is really impossible for me to join the company, he said. Edison was about to company, he said. Edison was about to company, he said. Edison was about to join forces with Maronei. Thompson was join forces with Maronei. Thompson was join forces with Maronei. Thompson was still pirating Tesla's induction motor, still pirating Tesla's induction motor, still pirating Tesla's induction motor, pooping the Tesla oscillators. pooping the Tesla oscillators. pooping the Tesla oscillators. Stson as Morgan's attorney general could Stson as Morgan's attorney general could Stson as Morgan's attorney general could smooth over the bumps in G's attempts to smooth over the bumps in G's attempts to smooth over the bumps in G's attempts to lay the groundwork for a pooling of lay the groundwork for a pooling of lay the groundwork for a pooling of patents with Westinghouse. GE would get patents with Westinghouse. GE would get patents with Westinghouse. GE would get the AC polyface system in exchange for the AC polyface system in exchange for the AC polyface system in exchange for the Vanderpole trolley patents, but he the Vanderpole trolley patents, but he the Vanderpole trolley patents, but he could never erase the growing vendetta could never erase the growing vendetta could never erase the growing vendetta against Tesla by a number of key men in against Tesla by a number of key men in against Tesla by a number of key men in his industry. This was a particularly his industry. This was a particularly his industry. This was a particularly difficult time for Martin, and so a gap difficult time for Martin, and so a gap difficult time for Martin, and so a gap between Martin and Tesla began to form. between Martin and Tesla began to form. between Martin and Tesla began to form. At the end of January, Tesla sponsored At the end of January, Tesla sponsored At the end of January, Tesla sponsored another lavish feast followed by a tour another lavish feast followed by a tour another lavish feast followed by a tour of his lab. He invited John Jacob Aster of his lab. He invited John Jacob Aster of his lab. He invited John Jacob Aster and his stunning wife Ava Willing and and his stunning wife Ava Willing and and his stunning wife Ava Willing and Mr. and Mrs. Stanford White. Due to the Mr. and Mrs. Stanford White. Due to the Mr. and Mrs. Stanford White. Due to the late hour, Lady Aster was dreadfully late hour, Lady Aster was dreadfully late hour, Lady Aster was dreadfully disappointed to pass on the electrical disappointed to pass on the electrical disappointed to pass on the electrical pyrochnics. However, White and company pyrochnics. However, White and company pyrochnics. However, White and company were able to take advantage of the were able to take advantage of the were able to take advantage of the entire affair.

entire affair. entire affair. My dear Tesla," wrote White, "I cannot My dear Tesla," wrote White, "I cannot My dear Tesla," wrote White, "I cannot tell you how impressed I was the other tell you how impressed I was the other tell you how impressed I was the other night at your laboratory, and how night at your laboratory, and how night at your laboratory, and how delighted I was to be there." Signing delighted I was to be there." Signing delighted I was to be there." Signing the letter affectionately yours, White the letter affectionately yours, White the letter affectionately yours, White also congratulated Tesla on his address also congratulated Tesla on his address also congratulated Tesla on his address at Buffalo, which was so full of at Buffalo, which was so full of at Buffalo, which was so full of beautiful thoughts. This was White's beautiful thoughts. This was White's beautiful thoughts. This was White's second visit to the lab, and his second visit to the lab, and his second visit to the lab, and his feelings for Tesla continued to grow. feelings for Tesla continued to grow. feelings for Tesla continued to grow. March 28th, 1896. March 28th, 1896. March 28th, 1896. Dear Luca, I happen to be free this Dear Luca, I happen to be free this Dear Luca, I happen to be free this evening. If you have visitors, ordinary evening. If you have visitors, ordinary evening. If you have visitors, ordinary mortals, I will not come. If you have mortals, I will not come. If you have mortals, I will not come. If you have Padarfski, Renan, or Mrs. Anthony, I Padarfski, Renan, or Mrs. Anthony, I Padarfski, Renan, or Mrs. Anthony, I will come. Yours sincerely, will come. Yours sincerely, will come. Yours sincerely, TGI. Tesla, great inventor, had met TGI. Tesla, great inventor, had met TGI. Tesla, great inventor, had met Padarfski for the first time at a dinner Padarfski for the first time at a dinner Padarfski for the first time at a dinner of the Johnson in April of 1896. After of the Johnson in April of 1896. After of the Johnson in April of 1896. After an invitation from Robert Tesla wrote an invitation from Robert Tesla wrote an invitation from Robert Tesla wrote back, "Hope that miss, I mean Mr. back, "Hope that miss, I mean Mr. back, "Hope that miss, I mean Mr. Paderefki will come." He was referring Paderefki will come." He was referring Paderefki will come." He was referring to Paderefk's trademark, a lush, to Paderefk's trademark, a lush, to Paderefk's trademark, a lush, unbridled man which flared above his unbridled man which flared above his unbridled man which flared above his head as he played the piano during his head as he played the piano during his head as he played the piano during his concerts. Referring to this first concerts. Referring to this first concerts. Referring to this first meeting, Johnson wrote, "Alike Tesla, he meeting, Johnson wrote, "Alike Tesla, he meeting, Johnson wrote, "Alike Tesla, he Pedki has a marvelous mind which is a Pedki has a marvelous mind which is a Pedki has a marvelous mind which is a storehouse of knowledge on all sorts of storehouse of knowledge on all sorts of storehouse of knowledge on all sorts of topics." Johnson who had written a poem topics." Johnson who had written a poem topics." Johnson who had written a poem about the virtuoso likened Paderefk's about the virtuoso likened Paderefk's about the virtuoso likened Paderefk's music to choiring angels in music to choiring angels in music to choiring angels in paradise. Latter-day prime minister of paradise. Latter-day prime minister of paradise. Latter-day prime minister of Poland, Paderefki was the highest paid

Poland, Paderefki was the highest paid Poland, Paderefki was the highest paid performer of the decade. Richard Watson performer of the decade. Richard Watson performer of the decade. Richard Watson Gilder, editor and chief of the century, Gilder, editor and chief of the century, Gilder, editor and chief of the century, frequently invited, in Padarfki's words, frequently invited, in Padarfki's words, frequently invited, in Padarfki's words, all the great visiting artists, all the great visiting artists, all the great visiting artists, musicians, distinguished writers, musicians, distinguished writers, musicians, distinguished writers, sculptors, painters, and politicians who sculptors, painters, and politicians who sculptors, painters, and politicians who came to America. A connoisseur of art came to America. A connoisseur of art came to America. A connoisseur of art and of life, Gilda appreciated and and of life, Gilda appreciated and and of life, Gilda appreciated and recognized at once the unusual in recognized at once the unusual in recognized at once the unusual in everything in people as well. Through everything in people as well. Through everything in people as well. Through Gilda, Johnson met many luminaries, and Gilda, Johnson met many luminaries, and Gilda, Johnson met many luminaries, and through Johnson, Tesla followed. At the through Johnson, Tesla followed. At the through Johnson, Tesla followed. At the same time, in the spring of 1896, Tesla same time, in the spring of 1896, Tesla same time, in the spring of 1896, Tesla and the Johnsons were busy reading Ryard and the Johnsons were busy reading Ryard and the Johnsons were busy reading Ryard Kipling's recently published jungle Kipling's recently published jungle Kipling's recently published jungle book. The stories of Kiplings are charm book. The stories of Kiplings are charm book. The stories of Kiplings are charm itself, Tesla wrote Mrs. Philippop. I itself, Tesla wrote Mrs. Philippop. I itself, Tesla wrote Mrs. Philippop. I think Ricky Tikitavi is the best. Two think Ricky Tikitavi is the best. Two think Ricky Tikitavi is the best. Two days later, a party for Kipling was days later, a party for Kipling was days later, a party for Kipling was organized at the Johnson home. Sorry, I organized at the Johnson home. Sorry, I organized at the Johnson home. Sorry, I cannot come to dinner, Tesla wrote, but cannot come to dinner, Tesla wrote, but cannot come to dinner, Tesla wrote, but will show up as soon as possible will show up as soon as possible will show up as soon as possible afterwards. Kipling, who was 30 at the afterwards. Kipling, who was 30 at the afterwards. Kipling, who was 30 at the time, had purchased a house from his time, had purchased a house from his time, had purchased a house from his brother-in-law in Brattleboroough, brother-in-law in Brattleboroough, brother-in-law in Brattleboroough, Vermont, where he had written the Jungle Vermont, where he had written the Jungle Vermont, where he had written the Jungle Book, and now he had come to New York to Book, and now he had come to New York to Book, and now he had come to New York to help promote it. Much like Twain, help promote it. Much like Twain, help promote it. Much like Twain, Gibling was known as a Globe Trotter, Gibling was known as a Globe Trotter, Gibling was known as a Globe Trotter, having visited such places as Salon, having visited such places as Salon, having visited such places as Salon, India, New Zealand, and Australia. After India, New Zealand, and Australia. After India, New Zealand, and Australia. After the party and his stay in New York, the party and his stay in New York, the party and his stay in New York, Gibling traveled to England, and then on Gibling traveled to England, and then on Gibling traveled to England, and then on to South Africa. On the boat trip over, to South Africa. On the boat trip over, to South Africa. On the boat trip over, he ran into John Hayes Hammond, and when he ran into John Hayes Hammond, and when he ran into John Hayes Hammond, and when he reached Cape Town, he talked Ceil

he reached Cape Town, he talked Ceil he reached Cape Town, he talked Ceil Roads into giving him a tour of the Roads into giving him a tour of the Roads into giving him a tour of the front lines of the Bore War. Upon his front lines of the Bore War. Upon his front lines of the Bore War. Upon his return to New York in early 1899, he return to New York in early 1899, he return to New York in early 1899, he spent time with Tesla before another spent time with Tesla before another spent time with Tesla before another formal dinner in his honor was prepared formal dinner in his honor was prepared formal dinner in his honor was prepared by the Johnson's. The following letter, by the Johnson's. The following letter, by the Johnson's. The following letter, although written 3 years later, reflects although written 3 years later, reflects although written 3 years later, reflects the kind of friendship the two men the kind of friendship the two men the kind of friendship the two men shared. Dear Mrs. shared. Dear Mrs. shared. Dear Mrs. Filipof, what is the matter with ink Filipof, what is the matter with ink Filipof, what is the matter with ink spiller Kipling? He actually dared to invite me to dine in actually dared to invite me to dine in an obscure hotel where I will be sure to an obscure hotel where I will be sure to an obscure hotel where I will be sure to get hair and cockroaches in the soup. On get hair and cockroaches in the soup. On get hair and cockroaches in the soup. On the very day of the party, Kipling the very day of the party, Kipling the very day of the party, Kipling rocked the world, for he was taken ill rocked the world, for he was taken ill rocked the world, for he was taken ill with typhoid and nearly died. Catherine with typhoid and nearly died. Catherine with typhoid and nearly died. Catherine would spend the next few months helping would spend the next few months helping would spend the next few months helping to take care of the ailing novelist. to take care of the ailing novelist. to take care of the ailing novelist. Kibling survived the ordeal, but Kibling survived the ordeal, but Kibling survived the ordeal, but tragically his daughter Josephine tragically his daughter Josephine tragically his daughter Josephine perished. He was in such a weakened perished. He was in such a weakened perished. He was in such a weakened condition that his wife was forced to condition that his wife was forced to condition that his wife was forced to hide the young girl's death from him hide the young girl's death from him hide the young girl's death from him until he was well enough to be able to until he was well enough to be able to until he was well enough to be able to handle the news. As the newspapers handle the news. As the newspapers handle the news. As the newspapers carried daily reports of Kipling's carried daily reports of Kipling's carried daily reports of Kipling's condition on their front pages, the condition on their front pages, the condition on their front pages, the world mourned the young girl's loss just world mourned the young girl's loss just world mourned the young girl's loss just as they rejoiced with his recovery.

as they rejoiced with his recovery. as they rejoiced with his recovery. Having experienced family tragedy in his Having experienced family tragedy in his Having experienced family tragedy in his own life, Tesla hoped that the death own life, Tesla hoped that the death own life, Tesla hoped that the death would not impair Kipling's ability to would not impair Kipling's ability to would not impair Kipling's ability to write. "I am delighted Kipling has write. "I am delighted Kipling has write. "I am delighted Kipling has recovered," Tesla told the Johnson's. "I recovered," Tesla told the Johnson's. "I recovered," Tesla told the Johnson's. "I just hope there will be no evil just hope there will be no evil just hope there will be no evil consequences except a sorrow, though consequences except a sorrow, though consequences except a sorrow, though hard to bear." Philosophically, Tesla hard to bear." Philosophically, Tesla hard to bear." Philosophically, Tesla added, "It will probably give his works added, "It will probably give his works added, "It will probably give his works more dignity and depth." Do not thus drift with the mob. I invite Do not thus drift with the mob. I invite you to join me in a month's worship with you to join me in a month's worship with you to join me in a month's worship with nature in the high temples of the great nature in the high temples of the great nature in the high temples of the great Sierra Crown beyond our holy. It will Sierra Crown beyond our holy. It will Sierra Crown beyond our holy. It will cost you nothing save the time and very cost you nothing save the time and very cost you nothing save the time and very little of that for you will be mostly in little of that for you will be mostly in little of that for you will be mostly in eternity. John Mure. Another frequent eternity. John Mure. Another frequent eternity. John Mure. Another frequent visitor to the Johnson household was the visitor to the Johnson household was the visitor to the Johnson household was the conservationist and poet John Mureer, conservationist and poet John Mureer, conservationist and poet John Mureer, who a few years earlier had taken who a few years earlier had taken who a few years earlier had taken Johnson on a tour of Euseite, what Muer Johnson on a tour of Euseite, what Muer Johnson on a tour of Euseite, what Muer called the great creations of the called the great creations of the called the great creations of the Almighty. On his trips to New York, Muer Almighty. On his trips to New York, Muer Almighty. On his trips to New York, Muer typically dressed in a seasoned typically dressed in a seasoned typically dressed in a seasoned three-piece suit complete with a gold three-piece suit complete with a gold three-piece suit complete with a gold watch dangling from a high vest pocket.

watch dangling from a high vest pocket. watch dangling from a high vest pocket. But his demeanor was mountain man all But his demeanor was mountain man all But his demeanor was mountain man all the way. 60 years old, still in his the way. 60 years old, still in his the way. 60 years old, still in his prime, his hair was gray and long, and prime, his hair was gray and long, and prime, his hair was gray and long, and his face adorned with a beard that his face adorned with a beard that his face adorned with a beard that extended to his navl like scraggy extended to his navl like scraggy extended to his navl like scraggy sagebrush. His eyes may have sparked in sagebrush. His eyes may have sparked in sagebrush. His eyes may have sparked in different directions because of an early different directions because of an early different directions because of an early industrial accident, but his gaze industrial accident, but his gaze industrial accident, but his gaze proclaimed the aura of an enlightened proclaimed the aura of an enlightened proclaimed the aura of an enlightened one. Having dined with Muer of the one. Having dined with Muer of the one. Having dined with Muer of the Johnson's during the holiday season and Johnson's during the holiday season and Johnson's during the holiday season and having invited the naturalist back to having invited the naturalist back to having invited the naturalist back to his lab, Tesla later told Catherine that his lab, Tesla later told Catherine that his lab, Tesla later told Catherine that he appreciated Muer's contribution to he appreciated Muer's contribution to he appreciated Muer's contribution to society. I am always grateful to Muer, society. I am always grateful to Muer, society. I am always grateful to Muer, he wrote for his magnificent description he wrote for his magnificent description he wrote for his magnificent description of Euseite Valley, which I have read of Euseite Valley, which I have read of Euseite Valley, which I have read through in one breath. A founder of the through in one breath. A founder of the through in one breath. A founder of the Sierra Club with Johnson, Muer was, in a Sierra Club with Johnson, Muer was, in a Sierra Club with Johnson, Muer was, in a sense Tesla's doppelganger. Muer was a sense Tesla's doppelganger. Muer was a sense Tesla's doppelganger. Muer was a somewhat unckempt naturalist who spent somewhat unckempt naturalist who spent somewhat unckempt naturalist who spent most of his time in the forest. The part most of his time in the forest. The part most of his time in the forest. The part of him longed for civilization, and of him longed for civilization, and of him longed for civilization, and Tesla, ever the vestidious and smartly Tesla, ever the vestidious and smartly Tesla, ever the vestidious and smartly dressed metropolitan, spent most of his dressed metropolitan, spent most of his dressed metropolitan, spent most of his life in the city, but longed for the life in the city, but longed for the life in the city, but longed for the mountains. A former inventor himself, mountains. A former inventor himself, mountains. A former inventor himself, having fashioned an award-winning bed having fashioned an award-winning bed having fashioned an award-winning bed that toppled the sleeper out onto the that toppled the sleeper out onto the that toppled the sleeper out onto the floor in the morning, Muer was not floor in the morning, Muer was not floor in the morning, Muer was not opposed in principle to human progress, opposed in principle to human progress, opposed in principle to human progress, only to callous obliteration of the only to callous obliteration of the only to callous obliteration of the precious wonders of the planet. Since precious wonders of the planet. Since precious wonders of the planet. Since Tesla's inventions sought to utilize Tesla's inventions sought to utilize Tesla's inventions sought to utilize renewable energy and minimize renewable energy and minimize renewable energy and minimize destruction of natural resources, in destruction of natural resources, in destruction of natural resources, in that sense, both Tesla and Mure shared a

that sense, both Tesla and Mure shared a that sense, both Tesla and Mure shared a common end. Muer's writings remain his common end. Muer's writings remain his common end. Muer's writings remain his most powerful statement to the spiritual most powerful statement to the spiritual most powerful statement to the spiritual path. The importance of his friendship path. The importance of his friendship path. The importance of his friendship with Tesla helped support the modern with Tesla helped support the modern with Tesla helped support the modern concepts conservation and ecological concepts conservation and ecological concepts conservation and ecological thinking. Placing it all in perspective, thinking. Placing it all in perspective, thinking. Placing it all in perspective, Muer wrote, "Who wouldn't be a Muer wrote, "Who wouldn't be a Muer wrote, "Who wouldn't be a mountaineer? Up here, all the world's mountaineer? Up here, all the world's mountaineer? Up here, all the world's prizes seem nothing." nothing." 22. Sorcerer's Apprentice 1896 22. Sorcerer's Apprentice 1896 22. Sorcerer's Apprentice 1896 to97. Tesla had his rooms in the to97. Tesla had his rooms in the to97. Tesla had his rooms in the laboratory on Hston Street darkened and laboratory on Hston Street darkened and laboratory on Hston Street darkened and a current was turned on invisibly. As a current was turned on invisibly. As a current was turned on invisibly. As the group gazed at this, the apartments the group gazed at this, the apartments the group gazed at this, the apartments filled with a terrific lightning display filled with a terrific lightning display filled with a terrific lightning display with the snapping crackling sound with the snapping crackling sound with the snapping crackling sound displacing the reverberation of heaven's displacing the reverberation of heaven's displacing the reverberation of heaven's artillery and all remarked the weird and artillery and all remarked the weird and artillery and all remarked the weird and aaring effect of the exhibition. His aaring effect of the exhibition. His aaring effect of the exhibition. His face lighting up and his spare figure face lighting up and his spare figure face lighting up and his spare figure vibrant with pride, Tesla announced, "I vibrant with pride, Tesla announced, "I vibrant with pride, Tesla announced, "I am producing an electrical disturbance am producing an electrical disturbance am producing an electrical disturbance of intense magnitude, which by means of of intense magnitude, which by means of of intense magnitude, which by means of certain simple instruments can be felt certain simple instruments can be felt certain simple instruments can be felt and appreciated at any point of the and appreciated at any point of the and appreciated at any point of the globe without the aid or intervention of globe without the aid or intervention of globe without the aid or intervention of wires of any kind at all." New York wires of any kind at all." New York wires of any kind at all." New York Journal. One of Tesla's most ardent Journal. One of Tesla's most ardent Journal. One of Tesla's most ardent admirers was Yale student leader Forest, admirers was Yale student leader Forest, admirers was Yale student leader Forest, who had studied the inventor's collected who had studied the inventor's collected who had studied the inventor's collected works. the previous works. the previous works. the previous semester. Tesla's writings are the semester. Tesla's writings are the semester. Tesla's writings are the greatest exciters to zealous work and greatest exciters to zealous work and greatest exciters to zealous work and study. Deforest wrote in his diary. His

study. Deforest wrote in his diary. His study. Deforest wrote in his diary. His New York laboratory is a fabulous domain New York laboratory is a fabulous domain New York laboratory is a fabulous domain into which all ambitious young into which all ambitious young into which all ambitious young electrical students aspire to enter and electrical students aspire to enter and electrical students aspire to enter and there remain. How I pray that I may there remain. How I pray that I may there remain. How I pray that I may equal or excel him that all this belief equal or excel him that all this belief equal or excel him that all this belief in my genius is not idle and conceit. In in my genius is not idle and conceit. In in my genius is not idle and conceit. In May 1896, the forest was able to arrange May 1896, the forest was able to arrange May 1896, the forest was able to arrange a visit to the East Hston Street Den. a visit to the East Hston Street Den. a visit to the East Hston Street Den. Now is the critical point in the curve Now is the critical point in the curve Now is the critical point in the curve of my life. The youth scribbled on his of my life. The youth scribbled on his of my life. The youth scribbled on his pad as he sat on the train, waiting for pad as he sat on the train, waiting for pad as he sat on the train, waiting for his stop, for I am about to seek work his stop, for I am about to seek work his stop, for I am about to seek work with Nicola Tesla. The expert greeted with Nicola Tesla. The expert greeted with Nicola Tesla. The expert greeted the novice and gave him a tour, but was the novice and gave him a tour, but was the novice and gave him a tour, but was unable to take him on as an apprentice. unable to take him on as an apprentice. unable to take him on as an apprentice. Noticing the dejected countenance on the Noticing the dejected countenance on the Noticing the dejected countenance on the budding inventor's face, Thesler told budding inventor's face, Thesler told budding inventor's face, Thesler told the forest, "I see a great future for the forest, "I see a great future for the forest, "I see a great future for you, as you are endowed with a keen you, as you are endowed with a keen you, as you are endowed with a keen mind. You will not need this job to mind. You will not need this job to mind. You will not need this job to succeed." Thesa wished him well and succeed." Thesa wished him well and succeed." Thesa wished him well and suggested to Forest contact him again. suggested to Forest contact him again. suggested to Forest contact him again. The Forest would apply once more in the The Forest would apply once more in the The Forest would apply once more in the spring of 1898, and probably again in spring of 1898, and probably again in spring of 1898, and probably again in 1900 or 191, but for various reasons he 1900 or 191, but for various reasons he 1900 or 191, but for various reasons he was never hired. In retrospect, Tesla's was never hired. In retrospect, Tesla's was never hired. In retrospect, Tesla's decision to reject the talented engineer decision to reject the talented engineer decision to reject the talented engineer was unfortunate for DeForest would soon was unfortunate for DeForest would soon was unfortunate for DeForest would soon rise to a premier position as a pioneer rise to a premier position as a pioneer rise to a premier position as a pioneer in the field of wireless communication.

in the field of wireless communication. in the field of wireless communication. He had a commercial mind and became a He had a commercial mind and became a He had a commercial mind and became a tenacious rival to Tesla's other young tenacious rival to Tesla's other young tenacious rival to Tesla's other young competitor, Gulmo competitor, Gulmo competitor, Gulmo Maronei. Throughout 1896, Tesla applied Maronei. Throughout 1896, Tesla applied Maronei. Throughout 1896, Tesla applied for and received eight patents on his for and received eight patents on his for and received eight patents on his wireless system. These were mostly wireless system. These were mostly wireless system. These were mostly different types of oscillators for different types of oscillators for different types of oscillators for generating electromagnetic currents of generating electromagnetic currents of generating electromagnetic currents of high frequency and high potential. His high frequency and high potential. His high frequency and high potential. His first application specifically in the first application specifically in the first application specifically in the field of radio communication was in field of radio communication was in field of radio communication was in 1897. His second remote control in 1897. His second remote control in 1897. His second remote control in 1898. Earlier patents on oscillators 1898. Earlier patents on oscillators 1898. Earlier patents on oscillators dating back to 1891 and 1893 also dating back to 1891 and 1893 also dating back to 1891 and 1893 also covered this work though in veiled form. covered this work though in veiled form. covered this work though in veiled form. Over the next 5 years, the inventor's Over the next 5 years, the inventor's Over the next 5 years, the inventor's arsenal grew to 33 fundamental patents arsenal grew to 33 fundamental patents arsenal grew to 33 fundamental patents covering all essential areas of covering all essential areas of covering all essential areas of transmitting electrical energy through transmitting electrical energy through transmitting electrical energy through the natural medium. As part of his the natural medium. As part of his the natural medium. As part of his overall scheme, Tesla also began working overall scheme, Tesla also began working overall scheme, Tesla also began working on perfecting a system of on perfecting a system of on perfecting a system of telephotography. His interest could be telephotography. His interest could be telephotography. His interest could be traced to 1893 and the Chicago World's traced to 1893 and the Chicago World's traced to 1893 and the Chicago World's Fair where Elisha Gray's teleaic machine Fair where Elisha Gray's teleaic machine Fair where Elisha Gray's teleaic machine was displayed. But over the summer of was displayed. But over the summer of was displayed. But over the summer of 1896, competition peaked, especially 1896, competition peaked, especially 1896, competition peaked, especially when Edison announced his plans to when Edison announced his plans to when Edison announced his plans to market an autographic telegraph. "I'm market an autographic telegraph. "I'm market an autographic telegraph. "I'm getting it ready for you newspaper getting it ready for you newspaper getting it ready for you newspaper fellows," Edison said. "And when I get fellows," Edison said. "And when I get fellows," Edison said. "And when I get working, all you will have to do is hand working, all you will have to do is hand working, all you will have to do is hand your copy to the operator, say in New your copy to the operator, say in New your copy to the operator, say in New York, for example, the cover will be York, for example, the cover will be York, for example, the cover will be shut down and presto. The wires will

shut down and presto. The wires will shut down and presto. The wires will transmit it letter for letter to the transmit it letter for letter to the transmit it letter for letter to the machine at the other end in Buffalo. The machine at the other end in Buffalo. The machine at the other end in Buffalo. The wires will transmit 20 square in of copy wires will transmit 20 square in of copy wires will transmit 20 square in of copy a minute and will carry sketches and a minute and will carry sketches and a minute and will carry sketches and pictures as well. In attempts to outdo pictures as well. In attempts to outdo pictures as well. In attempts to outdo Edison, Tesla told the New York Herald Edison, Tesla told the New York Herald Edison, Tesla told the New York Herald of his own advances under the of his own advances under the of his own advances under the imaginative assumptions that images from imaginative assumptions that images from imaginative assumptions that images from the retina could be captured and the retina could be captured and the retina could be captured and transmitted. Tesla included this transmitted. Tesla included this transmitted. Tesla included this esoteric idea along with a more esoteric idea along with a more esoteric idea along with a more realistic plan to transmit text and realistic plan to transmit text and realistic plan to transmit text and pictures over the phone lines and by pictures over the phone lines and by pictures over the phone lines and by wireless. wireless. wireless. Even today the faximile machine holds a Even today the faximile machine holds a Even today the faximile machine holds a special place in our imagination for special place in our imagination for special place in our imagination for something typed in an office in New York something typed in an office in New York something typed in an office in New York can be transmitted instantaneously by can be transmitted instantaneously by can be transmitted instantaneously by satellite or over the phone lines to a satellite or over the phone lines to a satellite or over the phone lines to a receiver in San Francisco, Moscow or receiver in San Francisco, Moscow or receiver in San Francisco, Moscow or Tokyo. One can only imagine the sense of Tokyo. One can only imagine the sense of Tokyo. One can only imagine the sense of disbelief facing Tesla as he tried to disbelief facing Tesla as he tried to disbelief facing Tesla as he tried to convince readers that pictures could be convince readers that pictures could be convince readers that pictures could be sent by means of wireless from one city sent by means of wireless from one city sent by means of wireless from one city to another. to another. to another. Even primitive Morsecoded messages had Even primitive Morsecoded messages had Even primitive Morsecoded messages had yet to really be effectively yet to really be effectively yet to really be effectively transmitted. Nevertheless, Maronei was transmitted. Nevertheless, Maronei was transmitted. Nevertheless, Maronei was closing in rapidly on successfully closing in rapidly on successfully closing in rapidly on successfully demonstrating his wireless apparatus as demonstrating his wireless apparatus as demonstrating his wireless apparatus as Tesla scoured the libraries to study the Tesla scoured the libraries to study the Tesla scoured the libraries to study the history of telephotography.

history of telephotography. history of telephotography. Tesla traced early work in inventions Tesla traced early work in inventions Tesla traced early work in inventions that led to the development of the that led to the development of the that led to the development of the faximile machine and television to faximile machine and television to faximile machine and television to English physicist Alexander Bane who in English physicist Alexander Bane who in English physicist Alexander Bane who in 1842 first transmitted pictures by using 1842 first transmitted pictures by using 1842 first transmitted pictures by using a grid of electrical wires embedded in a grid of electrical wires embedded in a grid of electrical wires embedded in wax held firmly beneath a sheet of wax held firmly beneath a sheet of wax held firmly beneath a sheet of chemically treated paper. All of these chemically treated paper. All of these chemically treated paper. All of these wires could be channeled into one cable wires could be channeled into one cable wires could be channeled into one cable and strung to a receiving station where and strung to a receiving station where and strung to a receiving station where an identical grid was constructed. If an identical grid was constructed. If an identical grid was constructed. If the receiver traced out the letter A for the receiver traced out the letter A for the receiver traced out the letter A for instance with an electric stylus, the instance with an electric stylus, the instance with an electric stylus, the particular wires comprising the design particular wires comprising the design particular wires comprising the design of the letter would be electrified and of the letter would be electrified and of the letter would be electrified and these in turn would treat that area of these in turn would treat that area of these in turn would treat that area of the paper on the receiving end to spell the paper on the receiving end to spell the paper on the receiving end to spell out the matching character. Autographs out the matching character. Autographs out the matching character. Autographs and drawings could also be transmitted and drawings could also be transmitted and drawings could also be transmitted in the same manner. As the process in the same manner. As the process in the same manner. As the process evolved, pictures could be broken down evolved, pictures could be broken down evolved, pictures could be broken down into a finite number of picture elements into a finite number of picture elements into a finite number of picture elements so that they could also be dispatched. so that they could also be dispatched. so that they could also be dispatched. In the 1860s, this grid was replaced by In the 1860s, this grid was replaced by In the 1860s, this grid was replaced by a single wire through the implementation a single wire through the implementation a single wire through the implementation of spinning discs and perfect of spinning discs and perfect of spinning discs and perfect synchronism between transmitter and synchronism between transmitter and synchronism between transmitter and receiver. Tesla's synchronous AC motor receiver. Tesla's synchronous AC motor receiver. Tesla's synchronous AC motor helping augment the procedure in the helping augment the procedure in the helping augment the procedure in the late 1880s and early late 1880s and early late 1880s and early 1890s. With the development of the 1890s. With the development of the 1890s. With the development of the photographic process, the first wireless photographic process, the first wireless photographic process, the first wireless pictures were sent in 1898 by Kusta and pictures were sent in 1898 by Kusta and pictures were sent in 1898 by Kusta and G. Williams. But the arrangements G. Williams. But the arrangements G. Williams. But the arrangements involved the employment of Hertz waves involved the employment of Hertz waves involved the employment of Hertz waves and were impracticable. In 1892, Thesler and were impracticable. In 1892, Thesler and were impracticable. In 1892, Thesler recalled many years later, the attention recalled many years later, the attention recalled many years later, the attention of the scientific world was directed to

of the scientific world was directed to of the scientific world was directed to a wonderfully sensitive receiver a wonderfully sensitive receiver a wonderfully sensitive receiver consisting of an electron stream consisting of an electron stream consisting of an electron stream maintained in a delicately balanced maintained in a delicately balanced maintained in a delicately balanced condition in a vacuum bulb by means of condition in a vacuum bulb by means of condition in a vacuum bulb by means of which it was proposed to use photography which it was proposed to use photography which it was proposed to use photography in the transmission of telegraphic and in the transmission of telegraphic and in the transmission of telegraphic and telephonic messages through the Atlantic telephonic messages through the Atlantic telephonic messages through the Atlantic cables and later also by cables and later also by cables and later also by wireless. In 1904, Dr. Arur Korn, an wireless. In 1904, Dr. Arur Korn, an wireless. In 1904, Dr. Arur Korn, an electrical engineer from the University electrical engineer from the University electrical engineer from the University of Munich, gained the attention of the of Munich, gained the attention of the of Munich, gained the attention of the scientific community when he scientific community when he scientific community when he successfully transmitted wire photos successfully transmitted wire photos successfully transmitted wire photos from Munich to Nuremberg. According to from Munich to Nuremberg. According to from Munich to Nuremberg. According to K, who is often credited as the inventor K, who is often credited as the inventor K, who is often credited as the inventor of the television tube, the apparatus of the television tube, the apparatus of the television tube, the apparatus utilized Tesla currents. Tesla notes utilized Tesla currents. Tesla notes utilized Tesla currents. Tesla notes that once K introduced a sensitive place that once K introduced a sensitive place that once K introduced a sensitive place and a selenium cell to vary the and a selenium cell to vary the and a selenium cell to vary the intensity of the sending current, the intensity of the sending current, the intensity of the sending current, the process, which is called the television, process, which is called the television, process, which is called the television, advanced a great step. K's tube is advanced a great step. K's tube is advanced a great step. K's tube is excited by a highfrequency current excited by a highfrequency current excited by a highfrequency current supplied from a Tesla transformer and supplied from a Tesla transformer and supplied from a Tesla transformer and may be flashed up many thousand times may be flashed up many thousand times may be flashed up many thousand times per second, thereby attaining the moving per second, thereby attaining the moving per second, thereby attaining the moving television image. Tesla dates K's first television image. Tesla dates K's first television image. Tesla dates K's first experiments to 1903. A May 1899 article experiments to 1903. A May 1899 article experiments to 1903. A May 1899 article states that Tesla was working on a states that Tesla was working on a states that Tesla was working on a visual telegraphy system with the light visual telegraphy system with the light visual telegraphy system with the light sensitive element selenium, thus sensitive element selenium, thus sensitive element selenium, thus predating K's work by 4 years. It is predating K's work by 4 years. It is predating K's work by 4 years. It is probable that Tesla was replicating the probable that Tesla was replicating the probable that Tesla was replicating the experiments of Kuster and Williams on experiments of Kuster and Williams on experiments of Kuster and Williams on precursors to the video camera. Although precursors to the video camera. Although precursors to the video camera. Although K, not Tesla, perfected it. In essence,

K, not Tesla, perfected it. In essence, K, not Tesla, perfected it. In essence, the modern television works in a way the modern television works in a way the modern television works in a way analogous to Bane's first 1842 analogous to Bane's first 1842 analogous to Bane's first 1842 construction. An electronic tube similar construction. An electronic tube similar construction. An electronic tube similar to Tesla's brush vacuum tube is moved to Tesla's brush vacuum tube is moved to Tesla's brush vacuum tube is moved across an entire TV screen in an across an entire TV screen in an across an entire TV screen in an instant. During its pass over the area instant. During its pass over the area instant. During its pass over the area where the image is formed, it releases where the image is formed, it releases where the image is formed, it releases synchronized impulses for each pixel. synchronized impulses for each pixel. synchronized impulses for each pixel. The position of the beam and its precise The position of the beam and its precise The position of the beam and its precise sequence of firing are directed by sequence of firing are directed by sequence of firing are directed by impulses stemming from the broadcast impulses stemming from the broadcast impulses stemming from the broadcast station. Each pass over the entire station. Each pass over the entire station. Each pass over the entire screen creates a separate image that screen creates a separate image that screen creates a separate image that when played in sequence portrays natural when played in sequence portrays natural when played in sequence portrays natural moving pictures. moving pictures. moving pictures. Tesla followed the advances in the field Tesla followed the advances in the field Tesla followed the advances in the field of telephotography as they occurred and of telephotography as they occurred and of telephotography as they occurred and experimented himself. His first task was experimented himself. His first task was experimented himself. His first task was to figure out the optimal way to to figure out the optimal way to to figure out the optimal way to transmit the energy. Having tested the transmit the energy. Having tested the transmit the energy. Having tested the Hertz spark gap apparatus, Tesla found Hertz spark gap apparatus, Tesla found Hertz spark gap apparatus, Tesla found that this device, which Maronei was that this device, which Maronei was that this device, which Maronei was utilizing, was subject to static utilizing, was subject to static utilizing, was subject to static interference and involved arbitrary interference and involved arbitrary interference and involved arbitrary pulsed damped frequencies that were pulsed damped frequencies that were pulsed damped frequencies that were weak. They transmitted themselves weak. They transmitted themselves weak. They transmitted themselves transversely through the air and did not transversely through the air and did not transversely through the air and did not take into account longitudinal take into account longitudinal take into account longitudinal properties which were augmented when properties which were augmented when properties which were augmented when making use of extremely high potentials making use of extremely high potentials making use of extremely high potentials and a ground connection. Working out and a ground connection. Working out and a ground connection. Working out calculations that took into account the calculations that took into account the calculations that took into account the speed of light and the size of the speed of light and the size of the speed of light and the size of the Earth, Tesla designed carefully Earth, Tesla designed carefully Earth, Tesla designed carefully constructed continuous undamped constructed continuous undamped constructed continuous undamped electromagnetic waves that were in electromagnetic waves that were in electromagnetic waves that were in harmony with those of the planet. By harmony with those of the planet. By harmony with those of the planet. By 1897, Tesla amassed all of the essential 1897, Tesla amassed all of the essential 1897, Tesla amassed all of the essential patents for generating, modulating,

patents for generating, modulating, patents for generating, modulating, storing, transmitting, and receiving storing, transmitting, and receiving storing, transmitting, and receiving wireless impulses. In a letter to his wireless impulses. In a letter to his wireless impulses. In a letter to his lawyer, Parker W. Page, Tesla wrote, I lawyer, Parker W. Page, Tesla wrote, I lawyer, Parker W. Page, Tesla wrote, I forward here with Msure Marone's patent, forward here with Msure Marone's patent, forward here with Msure Marone's patent, which was just allowed. I noticed that which was just allowed. I noticed that which was just allowed. I noticed that the signals have been described as being the signals have been described as being the signals have been described as being due to Herzian waves, which is not the due to Herzian waves, which is not the due to Herzian waves, which is not the case. In other words, the patent case. In other words, the patent case. In other words, the patent describes something entirely different describes something entirely different describes something entirely different than what actually takes place. How far than what actually takes place. How far than what actually takes place. How far does this affect the validity of the does this affect the validity of the does this affect the validity of the patent? Clearly, Tesla already suspected patent? Clearly, Tesla already suspected patent? Clearly, Tesla already suspected that Maronei was utilizing his that Maronei was utilizing his that Maronei was utilizing his equipment. In Tesla's first patent, equipment. In Tesla's first patent, equipment. In Tesla's first patent, specifically for wireless transmission specifically for wireless transmission specifically for wireless transmission number 649,621, filed on September the 2nd, 649,621, filed on September the 2nd, 1897. He discusses the need for a 1897. He discusses the need for a 1897. He discusses the need for a terminal preferably of large surface terminal preferably of large surface terminal preferably of large surface maintained by such means as a balloon at maintained by such means as a balloon at maintained by such means as a balloon at an elevation suitable for the purposes an elevation suitable for the purposes an elevation suitable for the purposes of transmission and another terminal of of transmission and another terminal of of transmission and another terminal of the secondary connected to the earth. At the secondary connected to the earth. At the secondary connected to the earth. At the receiving station, a transformer of the receiving station, a transformer of the receiving station, a transformer of similar construction is employed. The similar construction is employed. The similar construction is employed. The specification goes on to describe how specification goes on to describe how specification goes on to describe how the wavelengths can be constructed and the wavelengths can be constructed and the wavelengths can be constructed and modified so as to tune the circuits and modified so as to tune the circuits and modified so as to tune the circuits and take into account the natural properties take into account the natural properties take into account the natural properties of electromagnetic energy. Having taken of electromagnetic energy. Having taken of electromagnetic energy. Having taken into account the size and capacity of into account the size and capacity of into account the size and capacity of the earth, Tesla had calculated that the earth, Tesla had calculated that the earth, Tesla had calculated that with a coil 50 mi in length oscillating with a coil 50 mi in length oscillating with a coil 50 mi in length oscillating at 925 times per second, a resonant

at 925 times per second, a resonant at 925 times per second, a resonant relationship to the frequency of light relationship to the frequency of light relationship to the frequency of light was realized. Since he had worked with was realized. Since he had worked with was realized. Since he had worked with exhausted tubes, Tesla knew that exhausted tubes, Tesla knew that exhausted tubes, Tesla knew that electricity traveled more easily through electricity traveled more easily through electricity traveled more easily through them than through air. Thus, he reasoned them than through air. Thus, he reasoned them than through air. Thus, he reasoned if his transmission towers were placed if his transmission towers were placed if his transmission towers were placed on high elevations above obstructions on high elevations above obstructions on high elevations above obstructions and further raised by the use of and further raised by the use of and further raised by the use of balloons, the upper atmosphere or balloons, the upper atmosphere or balloons, the upper atmosphere or ionosphere itself would serve as a means ionosphere itself would serve as a means ionosphere itself would serve as a means of transmission. Large power stations of transmission. Large power stations of transmission. Large power stations located near waterfalls would supply the located near waterfalls would supply the located near waterfalls would supply the energy necessary for the wireless energy necessary for the wireless energy necessary for the wireless transmission to this upper stratum. In a transmission to this upper stratum. In a transmission to this upper stratum. In a separate way, the earth itself would separate way, the earth itself would separate way, the earth itself would also serve as a medium. The following also serve as a medium. The following also serve as a medium. The following passage from the same 1897 patent passage from the same 1897 patent passage from the same 1897 patent application criticized Marone's use of application criticized Marone's use of application criticized Marone's use of the more primitive Herzian apparatus. the more primitive Herzian apparatus. the more primitive Herzian apparatus. It is to be noted that the phenomenon It is to be noted that the phenomenon It is to be noted that the phenomenon here involved in the transmission of here involved in the transmission of here involved in the transmission of electrical energy is one of true electrical energy is one of true electrical energy is one of true conduction and is not to be confounded conduction and is not to be confounded conduction and is not to be confounded with the phenomena of electrical with the phenomena of electrical with the phenomena of electrical radiation which have heretofor been radiation which have heretofor been radiation which have heretofor been observed and which from the very nature observed and which from the very nature observed and which from the very nature and mode of propagation would render and mode of propagation would render and mode of propagation would render practically impossible the transmission practically impossible the transmission practically impossible the transmission of any appreciable amount of energy to of any appreciable amount of energy to of any appreciable amount of energy to such distance as are of practical such distance as are of practical such distance as are of practical importance.

importance. importance. Maronei, who was working with Lloyds of Maronei, who was working with Lloyds of Maronei, who was working with Lloyds of London in shipto-shore experiments, was London in shipto-shore experiments, was London in shipto-shore experiments, was using a more trial and error method. In using a more trial and error method. In using a more trial and error method. In July 1896, in experiments with priests, July 1896, in experiments with priests, July 1896, in experiments with priests, the Italian had successfully transmitted the Italian had successfully transmitted the Italian had successfully transmitted messages through walls and over messages through walls and over messages through walls and over distances of 7 or 8 miles. In December, distances of 7 or 8 miles. In December, distances of 7 or 8 miles. In December, he applied for a patent, which Priest he applied for a patent, which Priest he applied for a patent, which Priest felt was very strong. Although he knew felt was very strong. Although he knew felt was very strong. Although he knew the youngster had been anticipated by the youngster had been anticipated by the youngster had been anticipated by Lodge and Tesla, the patent was not Lodge and Tesla, the patent was not Lodge and Tesla, the patent was not original and it did not put forth any original and it did not put forth any original and it did not put forth any new principles. Nevertheless, Maronei new principles. Nevertheless, Maronei new principles. Nevertheless, Maronei was definitely succeeding in the real was definitely succeeding in the real was definitely succeeding in the real world, while Tesla advanced in his world, while Tesla advanced in his world, while Tesla advanced in his laboratory in refinements of apparatus laboratory in refinements of apparatus laboratory in refinements of apparatus and in the theoretical realm. The and in the theoretical realm. The and in the theoretical realm. The differences in sophistication of differences in sophistication of differences in sophistication of knowledge on the subject are aptly knowledge on the subject are aptly knowledge on the subject are aptly described by one of Marone's associates, described by one of Marone's associates, described by one of Marone's associates, Mr. Vivian. We knew nothing then about Mr. Vivian. We knew nothing then about Mr. Vivian. We knew nothing then about the effect of the length of a wave the effect of the length of a wave the effect of the length of a wave transmitted governing the distance over transmitted governing the distance over transmitted governing the distance over which communication could be affected. which communication could be affected. which communication could be affected. The colleague stated, "We did not even The colleague stated, "We did not even The colleague stated, "We did not even have the means or instruments for have the means or instruments for have the means or instruments for measuring wavelength. In fact, we didn't measuring wavelength. In fact, we didn't measuring wavelength. In fact, we didn't know accurately what wavelength we were know accurately what wavelength we were know accurately what wavelength we were using."

using." using." Priest's initial work in his study of Priest's initial work in his study of Priest's initial work in his study of earth currents and induction effects earth currents and induction effects earth currents and induction effects generating from normal telegraphic lines generating from normal telegraphic lines generating from normal telegraphic lines in the 1880s and 1890s led him to in the 1880s and 1890s led him to in the 1880s and 1890s led him to realize the strength of Tesla's system. realize the strength of Tesla's system. realize the strength of Tesla's system. Maronei at that stage had no Maronei at that stage had no Maronei at that stage had no understanding of the role of the earth understanding of the role of the earth understanding of the role of the earth in conveying electrical energy. He was in conveying electrical energy. He was in conveying electrical energy. He was utilizing the principle of radiation utilizing the principle of radiation utilizing the principle of radiation through the air according to Herz's through the air according to Herz's through the air according to Herz's apparatus. without understanding why. He apparatus. without understanding why. He apparatus. without understanding why. He did make use of an aerial and ground did make use of an aerial and ground did make use of an aerial and ground connection, but this setup had already connection, but this setup had already connection, but this setup had already been published widely in 1893 by Tesla. been published widely in 1893 by Tesla. been published widely in 1893 by Tesla. Other principles were taken from Oliver Other principles were taken from Oliver Other principles were taken from Oliver Lodge, who was in a patent dispute with Lodge, who was in a patent dispute with Lodge, who was in a patent dispute with Gulmo Maronei. William Priest was well Gulmo Maronei. William Priest was well Gulmo Maronei. William Priest was well aware that they had been anticipated, aware that they had been anticipated, aware that they had been anticipated, but he could also see Maronei advance but he could also see Maronei advance but he could also see Maronei advance marketkedly while his precursors marketkedly while his precursors marketkedly while his precursors basically stood still. After Maronei basically stood still. After Maronei basically stood still. After Maronei rejected Priest's suggestion that they rejected Priest's suggestion that they rejected Priest's suggestion that they request the use of Tesla's apparatus, request the use of Tesla's apparatus, request the use of Tesla's apparatus, the British nobleman was placed in a the British nobleman was placed in a the British nobleman was placed in a conflictual situation. In August 1897, conflictual situation. In August 1897, conflictual situation. In August 1897, he mailed off a tur dispatch. I regret he mailed off a tur dispatch. I regret he mailed off a tur dispatch. I regret to say that I must stop all experiments to say that I must stop all experiments to say that I must stop all experiments and all action until I learn the and all action until I learn the and all action until I learn the conditions that are to determine the conditions that are to determine the conditions that are to determine the relations between your company and the relations between your company and the relations between your company and the British government departments who have British government departments who have British government departments who have encouraged and helped you so much. But encouraged and helped you so much. But encouraged and helped you so much. But the dye was cast and priest became the dye was cast and priest became the dye was cast and priest became helpless to stop what he knew was a helpless to stop what he knew was a helpless to stop what he knew was a complex form of piracy. He became ill complex form of piracy. He became ill complex form of piracy. He became ill and retreated to Egypt where he stayed a

and retreated to Egypt where he stayed a and retreated to Egypt where he stayed a year. Maronei was also being aided by HM year. Maronei was also being aided by HM year. Maronei was also being aided by HM Hosia, director of Lloyds, who according Hosia, director of Lloyds, who according Hosia, director of Lloyds, who according to one account succeeded in sending to one account succeeded in sending to one account succeeded in sending reasonably clear messages through reasonably clear messages through reasonably clear messages through Hosia's apparatus. In one place, at Hosia's apparatus. In one place, at Hosia's apparatus. In one place, at least where Maronei himself had failed. least where Maronei himself had failed. least where Maronei himself had failed. Lloyds also contacted Tesla to rig up a Lloyds also contacted Tesla to rig up a Lloyds also contacted Tesla to rig up a wireless set ship shore in 1896 to wireless set ship shore in 1896 to wireless set ship shore in 1896 to report the international yacht race. But report the international yacht race. But report the international yacht race. But Tesla refused the offer, claiming that Tesla refused the offer, claiming that Tesla refused the offer, claiming that any public demonstration of his system any public demonstration of his system any public demonstration of his system on less than a worldwide basis would be on less than a worldwide basis would be on less than a worldwide basis would be confused with the amateurish effort confused with the amateurish effort confused with the amateurish effort being made by other being made by other being made by other experimenters. Instead, Tesla performed experimenters. Instead, Tesla performed experimenters. Instead, Tesla performed a long-d distanceance clandestine a long-d distanceance clandestine a long-d distanceance clandestine experiment which he told no one about, experiment which he told no one about, experiment which he told no one about, not even his workers. Sometime in 1896 not even his workers. Sometime in 1896 not even his workers. Sometime in 1896 or early 1897, the inventor turned on or early 1897, the inventor turned on or early 1897, the inventor turned on his generator to produce continuous his generator to produce continuous his generator to produce continuous trains of oscillations and took a cab to trains of oscillations and took a cab to trains of oscillations and took a cab to the Hudson River. There he caught a boat the Hudson River. There he caught a boat the Hudson River. There he caught a boat and fed up to West Point with a battery and fed up to West Point with a battery and fed up to West Point with a battery operated machine suitable for operated machine suitable for operated machine suitable for transportation. I did this two or three transportation. I did this two or three transportation. I did this two or three times, he told the courts in times, he told the courts in times, he told the courts in 1915. But there were no signals actually 1915. But there were no signals actually 1915. But there were no signals actually given. I simply got the note. But that given. I simply got the note. But that given. I simply got the note. But that was for me just the same. In other was for me just the same. In other was for me just the same. In other words, having brought a receiving words, having brought a receiving words, having brought a receiving instrument with him, the inventor simply instrument with him, the inventor simply instrument with him, the inventor simply tuned it to the point where it began to tuned it to the point where it began to tuned it to the point where it began to respond to the oscillations emanating respond to the oscillations emanating respond to the oscillations emanating from his laboratory back at East Hon from his laboratory back at East Hon from his laboratory back at East Hon Street. That is, I think, a distance of

Street. That is, I think, a distance of Street. That is, I think, a distance of about 30 mi, Tesla said. about 30 mi, Tesla said. about 30 mi, Tesla said. Tesla also considered harnessing wind Tesla also considered harnessing wind Tesla also considered harnessing wind power, the tides, solar and geothermal power, the tides, solar and geothermal power, the tides, solar and geothermal energy and also energy released during energy and also energy released during energy and also energy released during the process of the process of the process of electrolysis. If water was separated electrolysis. If water was separated electrolysis. If water was separated into oxygen and hydrogen, these into oxygen and hydrogen, these into oxygen and hydrogen, these explosive substances could theoretically explosive substances could theoretically explosive substances could theoretically be used to generate the heat to create be used to generate the heat to create be used to generate the heat to create steam. Working along varying lines of steam. Working along varying lines of steam. Working along varying lines of research, Tesla also patented ozone research, Tesla also patented ozone research, Tesla also patented ozone production machines and devised a scheme production machines and devised a scheme production machines and devised a scheme whereby nitrogen from the air would be whereby nitrogen from the air would be whereby nitrogen from the air would be electrically separated out and blended electrically separated out and blended electrically separated out and blended with conveyor belts of soil to create a with conveyor belts of soil to create a with conveyor belts of soil to create a fertilizer machine. All the fertilizer machine. All the fertilizer machine. All the agriculturist needs, Tesla suggested, is agriculturist needs, Tesla suggested, is agriculturist needs, Tesla suggested, is to shovel a quantity of loose earth to shovel a quantity of loose earth to shovel a quantity of loose earth treated by a secret chemical preparation treated by a secret chemical preparation treated by a secret chemical preparation in liquid form into the cylinder. An in liquid form into the cylinder. An in liquid form into the cylinder. An electric current is passed through the electric current is passed through the electric current is passed through the confined atmosphere. The oxygen and confined atmosphere. The oxygen and confined atmosphere. The oxygen and hydrogen are expelled and the nitrogen hydrogen are expelled and the nitrogen hydrogen are expelled and the nitrogen which remains is thus absorbed into the which remains is thus absorbed into the which remains is thus absorbed into the loose earth. There is thus produced as loose earth. There is thus produced as loose earth. There is thus produced as strong fertilizer for a nominal price strong fertilizer for a nominal price strong fertilizer for a nominal price right at the farmer's home. On April the right at the farmer's home. On April the right at the farmer's home. On April the 6th, 1897, the spoke again to the public 6th, 1897, the spoke again to the public 6th, 1897, the spoke again to the public at the New York Academy of Sciences.

at the New York Academy of Sciences. at the New York Academy of Sciences. Over 4,000 people attended. With large Over 4,000 people attended. With large Over 4,000 people attended. With large photographs of dozens of radio tubes photographs of dozens of radio tubes photographs of dozens of radio tubes Tesla had designed gracing the walls, Tesla had designed gracing the walls, Tesla had designed gracing the walls, Tesla set out to explain his advances in Tesla set out to explain his advances in Tesla set out to explain his advances in roten rays. Certainly, the audience was roten rays. Certainly, the audience was roten rays. Certainly, the audience was interested in seeing a remarkable device interested in seeing a remarkable device interested in seeing a remarkable device that revealed the human skeleton to a that revealed the human skeleton to a that revealed the human skeleton to a living person. But unquestionably, most living person. But unquestionably, most living person. But unquestionably, most of them came to behold the sorcerer hurl of them came to behold the sorcerer hurl of them came to behold the sorcerer hurl his thunderbolts. his thunderbolts. his thunderbolts. Tesla's world telegraphy system had Tesla's world telegraphy system had Tesla's world telegraphy system had finally come into clear focus. His plan finally come into clear focus. His plan finally come into clear focus. His plan was to disturb the electrical capacity was to disturb the electrical capacity was to disturb the electrical capacity of the earth with gigantic Tesla of the earth with gigantic Tesla of the earth with gigantic Tesla oscillators and thereby use these earth oscillators and thereby use these earth oscillators and thereby use these earth currents themselves as carrier waves for currents themselves as carrier waves for currents themselves as carrier waves for his transmitter. In 1897 he explained his transmitter. In 1897 he explained his transmitter. In 1897 he explained precisely how his world telegraphy precisely how his world telegraphy precisely how his world telegraphy system would operate. Suppose the whole system would operate. Suppose the whole system would operate. Suppose the whole earth to be like a hollow rubber ball earth to be like a hollow rubber ball earth to be like a hollow rubber ball filled with water and at one place I filled with water and at one place I filled with water and at one place I have a tube attached with a plunger. If have a tube attached with a plunger. If have a tube attached with a plunger. If I press upon the plunger, the water in I press upon the plunger, the water in I press upon the plunger, the water in the tube will be driven into the rubber the tube will be driven into the rubber the tube will be driven into the rubber ball and as the water is practically ball and as the water is practically ball and as the water is practically incompressible, every part of the incompressible, every part of the incompressible, every part of the surface of the ball will be expanded. If surface of the ball will be expanded. If surface of the ball will be expanded. If I withdraw the plunger, the water I withdraw the plunger, the water I withdraw the plunger, the water follows it and every part of the ball follows it and every part of the ball follows it and every part of the ball will contract. Now, if I pierce the will contract. Now, if I pierce the will contract. Now, if I pierce the surface of the ball several times and surface of the ball several times and surface of the ball several times and set tubes and plungers at each place, set tubes and plungers at each place, set tubes and plungers at each place, the plungers in these will vibrate up the plungers in these will vibrate up the plungers in these will vibrate up and down in answer to every movement and down in answer to every movement and down in answer to every movement which I may produce in the plunger of which I may produce in the plunger of which I may produce in the plunger of the first tube. There is a peculiar

the first tube. There is a peculiar the first tube. There is a peculiar addition to this paragraph. If I were to addition to this paragraph. If I were to addition to this paragraph. If I were to produce an explosion in the center of produce an explosion in the center of produce an explosion in the center of the body of water in the ball, this the body of water in the ball, this the body of water in the ball, this would set up a series of vibrations in would set up a series of vibrations in would set up a series of vibrations in the whole body. If I could then set the the whole body. If I could then set the the whole body. If I could then set the plunger in one of the tubes to vibrating plunger in one of the tubes to vibrating plunger in one of the tubes to vibrating in consonants with the vibrations of the in consonants with the vibrations of the in consonants with the vibrations of the water in a little while and with the use water in a little while and with the use water in a little while and with the use of very little energy, I could burst the of very little energy, I could burst the of very little energy, I could burst the whole thing whole thing whole thing aunder. The water corresponds to aunder. The water corresponds to aunder. The water corresponds to terrestrial currents which are today terrestrial currents which are today terrestrial currents which are today known as touric currents and the known as touric currents and the known as touric currents and the plungers refer to his transmitters and plungers refer to his transmitters and plungers refer to his transmitters and receivers. receivers. receivers. The inventor thinks it possible that his The inventor thinks it possible that his The inventor thinks it possible that his machine, when perfected, may be set up, machine, when perfected, may be set up, machine, when perfected, may be set up, one in each great center of one in each great center of one in each great center of civilization, to flash the news of the civilization, to flash the news of the civilization, to flash the news of the days or hours history immediately to all days or hours history immediately to all days or hours history immediately to all other cities of the world. And stepping other cities of the world. And stepping other cities of the world. And stepping for a sentence out of the realms of the for a sentence out of the realms of the for a sentence out of the realms of the worker day world, he offers a prophecy worker day world, he offers a prophecy worker day world, he offers a prophecy that any communication we may have with that any communication we may have with that any communication we may have with other stars will certainly be by such a other stars will certainly be by such a other stars will certainly be by such a method.

method. method. This article which appeared in scribers This article which appeared in scribers This article which appeared in scribers also discussed marone's successful also discussed marone's successful also discussed marone's successful wireless transmission of 8 miles in wireless transmission of 8 miles in wireless transmission of 8 miles in Europe. We see in these passages Europe. We see in these passages Europe. We see in these passages stemming from 1896 and 1897 that Tesla stemming from 1896 and 1897 that Tesla stemming from 1896 and 1897 that Tesla had already conceived of a total plan had already conceived of a total plan had already conceived of a total plan for his world telegraphy system and that for his world telegraphy system and that for his world telegraphy system and that it utilized a variety of wireless modes. it utilized a variety of wireless modes. it utilized a variety of wireless modes. One being through the upper air strata, One being through the upper air strata, One being through the upper air strata, another by means of mechanical resonance another by means of mechanical resonance another by means of mechanical resonance which he called teley geodnamics and a which he called teley geodnamics and a which he called teley geodnamics and a third and his most important by riding third and his most important by riding third and his most important by riding terrestrial currents. His next plan was terrestrial currents. His next plan was terrestrial currents. His next plan was to measure precisely the frequency of to measure precisely the frequency of to measure precisely the frequency of the planet and construct transmitters in the planet and construct transmitters in the planet and construct transmitters in harmonic relations to it. Nodal points harmonic relations to it. Nodal points harmonic relations to it. Nodal points could then be mapped out from, say, a could then be mapped out from, say, a could then be mapped out from, say, a wireless transmitter placed at Niagara wireless transmitter placed at Niagara wireless transmitter placed at Niagara Falls to precise positions for receiving Falls to precise positions for receiving Falls to precise positions for receiving towers on different towers on different towers on different continents. For all intents and continents. For all intents and continents. For all intents and purposes, no one except for Maronei had purposes, no one except for Maronei had purposes, no one except for Maronei had demonstrated that wireless messages demonstrated that wireless messages demonstrated that wireless messages could be transmitted more than a few could be transmitted more than a few could be transmitted more than a few hundred ft, and success only involved hundred ft, and success only involved hundred ft, and success only involved the modest goal of sending Morsecoded the modest goal of sending Morsecoded the modest goal of sending Morsecoded messages. Marone's next plan, which messages. Marone's next plan, which messages. Marone's next plan, which would capture the world's attention, was would capture the world's attention, was would capture the world's attention, was to radiate the impulses across the to radiate the impulses across the to radiate the impulses across the English Channel. Certainly, Tesla had English Channel. Certainly, Tesla had English Channel. Certainly, Tesla had demonstrated all of the principles found demonstrated all of the principles found demonstrated all of the principles found in the modern radio years earlier, but in the modern radio years earlier, but in the modern radio years earlier, but his public demonstrations were held his public demonstrations were held his public demonstrations were held within lecture halls. He had established within lecture halls. He had established within lecture halls. He had established that he could illuminate lamps from a that he could illuminate lamps from a that he could illuminate lamps from a transmitter placed on the roof of his transmitter placed on the roof of his transmitter placed on the roof of his laboratory on Hon Street to his hotel 26

laboratory on Hon Street to his hotel 26 laboratory on Hon Street to his hotel 26 blocks away. But these experiments were blocks away. But these experiments were blocks away. But these experiments were held in secret and were never held in secret and were never held in secret and were never publicized. The 1895 fire also thwarted publicized. The 1895 fire also thwarted publicized. The 1895 fire also thwarted his efforts to display long-d his efforts to display long-d his efforts to display long-d distanceance effects. And when Lloyds of distanceance effects. And when Lloyds of distanceance effects. And when Lloyds of London contacted him to the dismay of London contacted him to the dismay of London contacted him to the dismay of his secretary, George Schiff, Tesla his secretary, George Schiff, Tesla his secretary, George Schiff, Tesla rejected the offer to demonstrate his rejected the offer to demonstrate his rejected the offer to demonstrate his systems capabilities. systems capabilities. systems capabilities. Tesla, however, was not content with Tesla, however, was not content with Tesla, however, was not content with merely setting up a world broadcasting merely setting up a world broadcasting merely setting up a world broadcasting system that from a conceptual system that from a conceptual system that from a conceptual perspective is superior to our perspective is superior to our perspective is superior to our prevailing technology in that it would prevailing technology in that it would prevailing technology in that it would transmit power as well as information. transmit power as well as information. transmit power as well as information. He also suggested that he could contact He also suggested that he could contact He also suggested that he could contact the stars, create rain in the deserts, the stars, create rain in the deserts, the stars, create rain in the deserts, or cause widescale havoc. Tesla became or cause widescale havoc. Tesla became or cause widescale havoc. Tesla became the quintessential math scientist. the quintessential math scientist. the quintessential math scientist. Through his inventions, the world could Through his inventions, the world could Through his inventions, the world could be dominated according to whim. The be dominated according to whim. The be dominated according to whim. The contradictions within the inventor began contradictions within the inventor began contradictions within the inventor began to pull him in opposite directions. In to pull him in opposite directions. In to pull him in opposite directions. In letters to the Johnson's he calls letters to the Johnson's he calls letters to the Johnson's he calls himself Tesla, great inventor and himself Tesla, great inventor and himself Tesla, great inventor and implies that like Paderefki and other implies that like Paderefki and other implies that like Paderefki and other luminaries, he was not a mere mortal.

luminaries, he was not a mere mortal. luminaries, he was not a mere mortal. But during his Niagara full speech, he But during his Niagara full speech, he But during his Niagara full speech, he denigrated himself. Tesla was somewhat denigrated himself. Tesla was somewhat denigrated himself. Tesla was somewhat wealthy during this period, but the wealthy during this period, but the wealthy during this period, but the requirements of his operations were requirements of his operations were requirements of his operations were beyond his means. And yet Tesla shunned beyond his means. And yet Tesla shunned beyond his means. And yet Tesla shunned billing engineers when they sought his billing engineers when they sought his billing engineers when they sought his aid and voided a royalty contract with aid and voided a royalty contract with aid and voided a royalty contract with Westinghouse, though it was now worth a Westinghouse, though it was now worth a Westinghouse, though it was now worth a fortune. In June 1897, it was reported fortune. In June 1897, it was reported fortune. In June 1897, it was reported that Westinghouse had paid that Westinghouse had paid that Westinghouse had paid $216,000 for his patents. As Tesla and $216,000 for his patents. As Tesla and $216,000 for his patents. As Tesla and his partners Brown and Peek were his partners Brown and Peek were his partners Brown and Peek were receiving yearly checks of receiving yearly checks of receiving yearly checks of $15,000 with an initial down payment of $15,000 with an initial down payment of $15,000 with an initial down payment of probably probably probably $70,000, this works out to about a quart $70,000, this works out to about a quart $70,000, this works out to about a quart of a million for a 10-year period. In a of a million for a 10-year period. In a of a million for a 10-year period. In a letter to AA, Tesla places the figure at letter to AA, Tesla places the figure at letter to AA, Tesla places the figure at $500,000. But deny the case it was still $500,000. But deny the case it was still $500,000. But deny the case it was still millions of dollars less than its actual millions of dollars less than its actual millions of dollars less than its actual value. By this time Westinghouse and GE value. By this time Westinghouse and GE value. By this time Westinghouse and GE had formalized their onant cordial. This had formalized their onant cordial. This had formalized their onant cordial. This meant that a second gigantic corporation meant that a second gigantic corporation meant that a second gigantic corporation with numerous subsidiaries would be with numerous subsidiaries would be with numerous subsidiaries would be benefiting from Tesla's invention, but benefiting from Tesla's invention, but benefiting from Tesla's invention, but the inventor would not receive a dime the inventor would not receive a dime the inventor would not receive a dime for it. The electric subway trains would for it. The electric subway trains would for it. The electric subway trains would also be implementing the Tesla motors also be implementing the Tesla motors also be implementing the Tesla motors and system. And again, the inventor and system. And again, the inventor and system. And again, the inventor would get no would get no would get no compensation. Tesla's new plans would compensation. Tesla's new plans would compensation. Tesla's new plans would require enormous require enormous require enormous expenditures. Westinghouse was making it expenditures. Westinghouse was making it expenditures. Westinghouse was making it clear that his company would not be a clear that his company would not be a clear that his company would not be a source of funds beyond their former source of funds beyond their former source of funds beyond their former signed agreement, although it is

signed agreement, although it is signed agreement, although it is possible that Tesla did receive possible that Tesla did receive possible that Tesla did receive additional revenues for other additional revenues for other additional revenues for other inventions, such as for his oscillators. inventions, such as for his oscillators. inventions, such as for his oscillators. At the end of the year, the inventor At the end of the year, the inventor At the end of the year, the inventor wrote to his friend Ernest Heinrich, an wrote to his friend Ernest Heinrich, an wrote to his friend Ernest Heinrich, an engineer at the Westinghouse engineer at the Westinghouse engineer at the Westinghouse Corporation, who also was a anomalist. Corporation, who also was a anomalist. Corporation, who also was a anomalist. My dear Hinrich, Tesla wrote, "It is My dear Hinrich, Tesla wrote, "It is My dear Hinrich, Tesla wrote, "It is true that I have not been quite well of true that I have not been quite well of true that I have not been quite well of late. I can assure you that I am late. I can assure you that I am late. I can assure you that I am physically and mentally all right at physically and mentally all right at physically and mentally all right at present. I have, however, still a little present. I have, however, still a little present. I have, however, still a little ailment which may be best designated as ailment which may be best designated as ailment which may be best designated as financial anemia, from which you are financial anemia, from which you are financial anemia, from which you are yourself suffering, if I am not yourself suffering, if I am not yourself suffering, if I am not mistaken. mistaken. mistaken. I wish you would remember me to all the I wish you would remember me to all the I wish you would remember me to all the boys at about Christmas time, for it is boys at about Christmas time, for it is boys at about Christmas time, for it is just possible that some of them might just possible that some of them might just possible that some of them might feel disposed to send me a token. There feel disposed to send me a token. There feel disposed to send me a token. There were other pressures as well. Tesla was were other pressures as well. Tesla was were other pressures as well. Tesla was having difficulties with his financial having difficulties with his financial having difficulties with his financial backer, Edward Dean Adams, who was backer, Edward Dean Adams, who was backer, Edward Dean Adams, who was opposing his efforts to promote his opposing his efforts to promote his opposing his efforts to promote his wireless enterprise. There was this wireless enterprise. There was this wireless enterprise. There was this continuing competition with Maronei, and continuing competition with Maronei, and continuing competition with Maronei, and there were the painful echoes of his there were the painful echoes of his there were the painful echoes of his Serbian past from Kosovo and his lost Serbian past from Kosovo and his lost Serbian past from Kosovo and his lost youth. His parents and brother were youth. His parents and brother were youth. His parents and brother were dead, and he was away from his family, dead, and he was away from his family, dead, and he was away from his family, not just in distance, but also in not just in distance, but also in not just in distance, but also in spirit. In yet another of so many spirit. In yet another of so many spirit. In yet another of so many letters sent, sisters Marita and letters sent, sisters Marita and letters sent, sisters Marita and Angelina pleaded for a response. Tesla Angelina pleaded for a response. Tesla Angelina pleaded for a response. Tesla had sent funds on many occasions and a had sent funds on many occasions and a had sent funds on many occasions and a copy of his Martin text, but they wanted copy of his Martin text, but they wanted copy of his Martin text, but they wanted more. "Remember what your name is and

more. "Remember what your name is and more. "Remember what your name is and where you come from," Marissa wrote, where you come from," Marissa wrote, where you come from," Marissa wrote, ending her letter with the customary, "I kissing you in spirit." Part of him "I kissing you in spirit." Part of him achd from the pain, and just as he was achd from the pain, and just as he was achd from the pain, and just as he was coasting high and the head of the pack coasting high and the head of the pack coasting high and the head of the pack on the crest of the wave. Maybe it was on the crest of the wave. Maybe it was on the crest of the wave. Maybe it was the influence of the Boore war or the the influence of the Boore war or the the influence of the Boore war or the unrest brewing in Cuba. But Tesla's unrest brewing in Cuba. But Tesla's unrest brewing in Cuba. But Tesla's destructive streak began to emerge. His destructive streak began to emerge. His destructive streak began to emerge. His previous inventions were already previous inventions were already previous inventions were already reshaping human events. His newest reshaping human events. His newest reshaping human events. His newest creation could interlink every remote creation could interlink every remote creation could interlink every remote hamlet or tear the world apart. He hamlet or tear the world apart. He hamlet or tear the world apart. He decided to decided to decided to experiment. With George Schiffer experiment. With George Schiffer experiment. With George Schiffer present, Tesla placed one of his present, Tesla placed one of his present, Tesla placed one of his mechanical oscillators on the center mechanical oscillators on the center mechanical oscillators on the center support beam in the basement of the Hust support beam in the basement of the Hust support beam in the basement of the Hust Street building where his laboratory was Street building where his laboratory was Street building where his laboratory was located and adjusted the frequency to located and adjusted the frequency to located and adjusted the frequency to the point where the beam began to hum. the point where the beam began to hum. the point where the beam began to hum. While he was attending to something else While he was attending to something else While he was attending to something else for a few moments, it attained such a for a few moments, it attained such a for a few moments, it attained such a crescendo of rhythm that it started to crescendo of rhythm that it started to crescendo of rhythm that it started to shake the building. Then it began shake the building. Then it began shake the building. Then it began shaking the earth near and other shaking the earth near and other shaking the earth near and other buildings with support beams in resonant buildings with support beams in resonant buildings with support beams in resonant frequencies. The fire department frequencies. The fire department frequencies. The fire department responded to an alarm frantically turned responded to an alarm frantically turned responded to an alarm frantically turned in. Four tons of machinery flew across in. Four tons of machinery flew across in. Four tons of machinery flew across the basement and the only thing which the basement and the only thing which the basement and the only thing which saved the building from utter collapse saved the building from utter collapse saved the building from utter collapse was the quick action of Dr. Tesla in was the quick action of Dr. Tesla in was the quick action of Dr. Tesla in seizing a hammer and destroying his seizing a hammer and destroying his seizing a hammer and destroying his machine. "The device could be a machine. "The device could be a machine. "The device could be a Frankenstein's monster," Tesla confided

Frankenstein's monster," Tesla confided Frankenstein's monster," Tesla confided many years later. If not watched, no many years later. If not watched, no many years later. If not watched, no substance can withstand the steadily substance can withstand the steadily substance can withstand the steadily applied rhythm when its resonance point applied rhythm when its resonance point applied rhythm when its resonance point is reached. Skyscrapers could easily be is reached. Skyscrapers could easily be is reached. Skyscrapers could easily be destroyed with the steady buildup of destroyed with the steady buildup of destroyed with the steady buildup of resonance from the time strokes of a 5lb resonance from the time strokes of a 5lb resonance from the time strokes of a 5lb hammer. In another rendition of the hammer. In another rendition of the hammer. In another rendition of the story told at another time, Tesla story told at another time, Tesla story told at another time, Tesla claimed that he had taken his alarm claimed that he had taken his alarm claimed that he had taken his alarm clock- sized oscillator to a building clock- sized oscillator to a building clock- sized oscillator to a building site in the Wall Street district. site in the Wall Street district. site in the Wall Street district. Finding one under construction about 10 Finding one under construction about 10 Finding one under construction about 10 stories high of steel framework, he stories high of steel framework, he stories high of steel framework, he clamped the vibrator to one of the beams clamped the vibrator to one of the beams clamped the vibrator to one of the beams and fussed with the adjustment until he and fussed with the adjustment until he and fussed with the adjustment until he got it. In a few minutes, I could feel got it. In a few minutes, I could feel got it. In a few minutes, I could feel the beam trembling, Tesla told a the beam trembling, Tesla told a the beam trembling, Tesla told a reporter. Gradually, the trembling reporter. Gradually, the trembling reporter. Gradually, the trembling increased in intensity and extended increased in intensity and extended increased in intensity and extended throughout the whole great mass of throughout the whole great mass of throughout the whole great mass of steel. Finally, the structure began to steel. Finally, the structure began to steel. Finally, the structure began to creek and weave, and the steel workers creek and weave, and the steel workers creek and weave, and the steel workers came to the ground panicstricken, came to the ground panicstricken, came to the ground panicstricken, believing there had been an earthquake. believing there had been an earthquake. believing there had been an earthquake. Rumors spread that the building was Rumors spread that the building was Rumors spread that the building was about to fall, and the police reserves about to fall, and the police reserves about to fall, and the police reserves were called out. Before anything serious were called out. Before anything serious were called out. Before anything serious happened, I took off the vibrator, put happened, I took off the vibrator, put happened, I took off the vibrator, put it in my pocket, and went away. But if I it in my pocket, and went away. But if I it in my pocket, and went away. But if I had kept on 10 minutes more, I could had kept on 10 minutes more, I could had kept on 10 minutes more, I could have laid that building flat in the have laid that building flat in the have laid that building flat in the street, and with the same vibrator, I street, and with the same vibrator, I street, and with the same vibrator, I could drop the Brooklyn Bridge into the could drop the Brooklyn Bridge into the could drop the Brooklyn Bridge into the East River in less than an hour. Tesla East River in less than an hour. Tesla East River in less than an hour. Tesla told the reporter that he could split told the reporter that he could split told the reporter that he could split the Earth in the same way, putting an the Earth in the same way, putting an the Earth in the same way, putting an end to mankind. The vibrations of the end to mankind. The vibrations of the end to mankind. The vibrations of the Earth, he said, have a periodicity of

Earth, he said, have a periodicity of Earth, he said, have a periodicity of approximately 1 hour and 49 minutes. approximately 1 hour and 49 minutes. approximately 1 hour and 49 minutes. That is to say, if I strike the earth That is to say, if I strike the earth That is to say, if I strike the earth this instant, a wave of contraction goes this instant, a wave of contraction goes this instant, a wave of contraction goes through it that will come back in 1 hour through it that will come back in 1 hour through it that will come back in 1 hour and 49 minutes in the form of expansion. and 49 minutes in the form of expansion. and 49 minutes in the form of expansion. As a matter of fact, the earth, like As a matter of fact, the earth, like As a matter of fact, the earth, like everything else, is in a constant state everything else, is in a constant state everything else, is in a constant state of vibration. It is constantly of vibration. It is constantly of vibration. It is constantly contracting and contracting and contracting and expanding. Now, suppose that at the expanding. Now, suppose that at the expanding. Now, suppose that at the precise moment when it begins to precise moment when it begins to precise moment when it begins to contract, I explode a ton of dynamite. contract, I explode a ton of dynamite. contract, I explode a ton of dynamite. That accelerates the contraction. And in That accelerates the contraction. And in That accelerates the contraction. And in 1 hour and 49 minutes, there comes an 1 hour and 49 minutes, there comes an 1 hour and 49 minutes, there comes an equally accelerated wave of expansion. equally accelerated wave of expansion. equally accelerated wave of expansion. When the wave of expansion es, suppose I When the wave of expansion es, suppose I When the wave of expansion es, suppose I explode another ton, and suppose this explode another ton, and suppose this explode another ton, and suppose this performance be repeated time after time, performance be repeated time after time, performance be repeated time after time, is there any doubt as to what would is there any doubt as to what would is there any doubt as to what would happen? There is no doubt in my mind. happen? There is no doubt in my mind. happen? There is no doubt in my mind. The earth would be split in two. For the The earth would be split in two. For the The earth would be split in two. For the first time in man's history, he has the first time in man's history, he has the first time in man's history, he has the knowledge with which he may interfere knowledge with which he may interfere knowledge with which he may interfere with cosmic processes.

with cosmic processes. with cosmic processes. Tesla calculated that this procedure Tesla calculated that this procedure Tesla calculated that this procedure might take more than a year to succeed. might take more than a year to succeed. might take more than a year to succeed. But in a few weeks, Tesla said, I could But in a few weeks, Tesla said, I could But in a few weeks, Tesla said, I could set the Earth's crust into such a state set the Earth's crust into such a state set the Earth's crust into such a state of vibration that it would rise and fall of vibration that it would rise and fall of vibration that it would rise and fall hundreds of feet, throwing rivers out of hundreds of feet, throwing rivers out of hundreds of feet, throwing rivers out of their beds, wrecking buildings, and their beds, wrecking buildings, and their beds, wrecking buildings, and practically destroying practically destroying practically destroying civilization. The principle cannot fail. 23. fail. 23. Filp Power Filp Power Filp Power 1898. We entered an immense hall lighted 1898. We entered an immense hall lighted 1898. We entered an immense hall lighted by a luster by diffusing a fragrant by a luster by diffusing a fragrant by a luster by diffusing a fragrant odor. The floor was in large tessillated odor. The floor was in large tessillated odor. The floor was in large tessillated blocks of precious metals and partly blocks of precious metals and partly blocks of precious metals and partly covered with a sort of matlike covered with a sort of matlike covered with a sort of matlike carpeting. A strain of low music above carpeting. A strain of low music above carpeting. A strain of low music above and around undulated as if from and around undulated as if from and around undulated as if from invisible invisible invisible instruments. In a simpler garb than that instruments. In a simpler garb than that instruments. In a simpler garb than that of my guide, a figure was standing of my guide, a figure was standing of my guide, a figure was standing motionless near the threshold. My guide motionless near the threshold. My guide motionless near the threshold. My guide touched it twice with his staff, and it touched it twice with his staff, and it touched it twice with his staff, and it put itself into a rapid and gliding put itself into a rapid and gliding put itself into a rapid and gliding movement, skimming nolessly over the movement, skimming nolessly over the movement, skimming nolessly over the floor, gazing on it, I then saw that it floor, gazing on it, I then saw that it floor, gazing on it, I then saw that it was no living form, but a mechanical was no living form, but a mechanical was no living form, but a mechanical automatan. Several other automter stood automatan. Several other automter stood automatan. Several other automter stood dumb and motionless by the walls. The dumb and motionless by the walls. The dumb and motionless by the walls. The coming race, Edward Bullworth Littton.

coming race, Edward Bullworth Littton. coming race, Edward Bullworth Littton. One of Tesla's major inventions in terms One of Tesla's major inventions in terms One of Tesla's major inventions in terms of ingenuity, originality and complexity of ingenuity, originality and complexity of ingenuity, originality and complexity of design was a remotec controlled of design was a remotec controlled of design was a remotec controlled robotic boat which he called the teley robotic boat which he called the teley robotic boat which he called the teley automatum. This device was unveiled at automatum. This device was unveiled at automatum. This device was unveiled at the electrical exposition held at the electrical exposition held at the electrical exposition held at Madison Square Garden during the height Madison Square Garden during the height Madison Square Garden during the height of the Spanishame war in May 1898, but of the Spanishame war in May 1898, but of the Spanishame war in May 1898, but earlier precursors could be traced to earlier precursors could be traced to earlier precursors could be traced to wireless motors which he displayed wireless motors which he displayed wireless motors which he displayed before the Institute of Electrical before the Institute of Electrical before the Institute of Electrical Engineers in 1892. Engineers in 1892. Engineers in 1892. This single invention not only This single invention not only This single invention not only established all of the essential established all of the essential established all of the essential principles of what came to be known a principles of what came to be known a principles of what came to be known a few years later as the radio. It also few years later as the radio. It also few years later as the radio. It also lay as the basis of such other creations lay as the basis of such other creations lay as the basis of such other creations as the wireless telephone, garage door as the wireless telephone, garage door as the wireless telephone, garage door opener, the car radio, the faximile opener, the car radio, the faximile opener, the car radio, the faximile machine, television, the cable TV machine, television, the cable TV machine, television, the cable TV scrambler and remote controlled scrambler and remote controlled scrambler and remote controlled robotics. robotics. robotics. The precise nature of the invention The precise nature of the invention The precise nature of the invention virtually its patent application was virtually its patent application was virtually its patent application was published in most of the technical published in most of the technical published in most of the technical journals at the time of its journals at the time of its journals at the time of its inauguration. The teley automatan inauguration. The teley automatan inauguration. The teley automatan paralleled precisely a model developed paralleled precisely a model developed paralleled precisely a model developed by British novelist Edward Bullwitten in by British novelist Edward Bullwitten in by British novelist Edward Bullwitten in 1871. Although Tesla insisted in a 1871. Although Tesla insisted in a 1871. Although Tesla insisted in a missive to Johnson written 2 years after missive to Johnson written 2 years after missive to Johnson written 2 years after the invention's inauguration that he had the invention's inauguration that he had the invention's inauguration that he had not been inspired by this science not been inspired by this science not been inspired by this science fiction tale. As Wilwell Littton was fiction tale. As Wilwell Littton was fiction tale. As Wilwell Littton was perhaps the most popular author next to perhaps the most popular author next to perhaps the most popular author next to Charles Dickens at that time, it is Charles Dickens at that time, it is Charles Dickens at that time, it is unlikely that Tesla was unaware of this unlikely that Tesla was unaware of this unlikely that Tesla was unaware of this story when he conceived of the story when he conceived of the story when he conceived of the invention. In the coming race, Bulwitten

invention. In the coming race, Bulwitten invention. In the coming race, Bulwitten describes a concept which he called vill describes a concept which he called vill describes a concept which he called vill power. This was an energy transmitted power. This was an energy transmitted power. This was an energy transmitted from the eye and body of the fictional from the eye and body of the fictional from the eye and body of the fictional advanced species which was used to advanced species which was used to advanced species which was used to animate automatons. animate automatons. animate automatons. In essence, Tesla built a working model In essence, Tesla built a working model In essence, Tesla built a working model that substituted electricity for the that substituted electricity for the that substituted electricity for the novelist's drill. The story begins when novelist's drill. The story begins when novelist's drill. The story begins when the protagonist falls into a hole in the the protagonist falls into a hole in the the protagonist falls into a hole in the earth and comes upon an advanced earth and comes upon an advanced earth and comes upon an advanced civilization. In all service, whether in civilization. In all service, whether in civilization. In all service, whether in or out of doors, they, the people of or out of doors, they, the people of or out of doors, they, the people of Villya, make great use of automatan Villya, make great use of automatan Villya, make great use of automatan figures, which are so ingenious and so figures, which are so ingenious and so figures, which are so ingenious and so pliant to the operations of real that pliant to the operations of real that pliant to the operations of real that they actually seem gifted with reason. they actually seem gifted with reason. they actually seem gifted with reason. It was scarcely possible to distinguish It was scarcely possible to distinguish It was scarcely possible to distinguish the figures I beheld, apparently the figures I beheld, apparently the figures I beheld, apparently gliding, the rapid movements of vast gliding, the rapid movements of vast gliding, the rapid movements of vast engines from human forms endowed with engines from human forms endowed with engines from human forms endowed with thought. As we shall see, key aspects of thought. As we shall see, key aspects of thought. As we shall see, key aspects of Bullwitten's story correlate quite Bullwitten's story correlate quite Bullwitten's story correlate quite closely with the positions espoused by closely with the positions espoused by closely with the positions espoused by Tesla. The electrical exhibition was Tesla. The electrical exhibition was Tesla. The electrical exhibition was organized by Stanford White who worked organized by Stanford White who worked organized by Stanford White who worked with Tesla to fashion a rainbow room of with Tesla to fashion a rainbow room of with Tesla to fashion a rainbow room of neon lights at the entrance and it was neon lights at the entrance and it was neon lights at the entrance and it was presided over by Chony Dew another Tesla presided over by Chony Dew another Tesla presided over by Chony Dew another Tesla friend who was also one of the friend who was also one of the friend who was also one of the principles of the New York Central principles of the New York Central principles of the New York Central Railroad and a US senator from New York.

Railroad and a US senator from New York. Railroad and a US senator from New York. It had been hoped that President It had been hoped that President It had been hoped that President McKinley would illuminate the exposition McKinley would illuminate the exposition McKinley would illuminate the exposition by means of telegraph lines from by means of telegraph lines from by means of telegraph lines from Washington, but something went arry. So, Washington, but something went arry. So, Washington, but something went arry. So, Vice President Garrett Hobart opened the Vice President Garrett Hobart opened the Vice President Garrett Hobart opened the proceedings instead. Representing the proceedings instead. Representing the proceedings instead. Representing the Maronei company was Tom Edison's son, Maronei company was Tom Edison's son, Maronei company was Tom Edison's son, Tom Jr., who obtained the position Tom Jr., who obtained the position Tom Jr., who obtained the position through TC Martin. This liaison marked through TC Martin. This liaison marked through TC Martin. This liaison marked the beginning of a partnership between the beginning of a partnership between the beginning of a partnership between Maronei and Edison as the Menllo Park Maronei and Edison as the Menllo Park Maronei and Edison as the Menllo Park wizard had wireless patents which the wizard had wireless patents which the wizard had wireless patents which the Italian wanted to own in order to boost Italian wanted to own in order to boost Italian wanted to own in order to boost his legal position on priority of his legal position on priority of his legal position on priority of discovery. The event also portended the discovery. The event also portended the discovery. The event also portended the upcoming break in the friendship between upcoming break in the friendship between upcoming break in the friendship between Tesla and Martin. Tesla and Martin. Tesla and Martin. Animosities between Spain and the United Animosities between Spain and the United Animosities between Spain and the United States had run high for a number of States had run high for a number of States had run high for a number of years. Ever since 1895, when the years. Ever since 1895, when the years. Ever since 1895, when the Spaniards took repressive measures Spaniards took repressive measures Spaniards took repressive measures against rebelling Cubans, many Americans against rebelling Cubans, many Americans against rebelling Cubans, many Americans began to champion the cause of Cuban began to champion the cause of Cuban began to champion the cause of Cuban annexation. The sinking of the annexation. The sinking of the annexation. The sinking of the battleship Maine in Havana Harbor in battleship Maine in Havana Harbor in battleship Maine in Havana Harbor in February of 1898 eliminated any doubts February of 1898 eliminated any doubts February of 1898 eliminated any doubts and war was officially declared 2 months and war was officially declared 2 months and war was officially declared 2 months later. Tesla had been meeting with John later. Tesla had been meeting with John later. Tesla had been meeting with John Jacob Aster throughout this period in Jacob Aster throughout this period in Jacob Aster throughout this period in his continuing attempts to woo the his continuing attempts to woo the his continuing attempts to woo the financia, as Aster spelled out more financia, as Aster spelled out more financia, as Aster spelled out more clearly his position on relevant issues.

clearly his position on relevant issues. clearly his position on relevant issues. While his wife played Marjong at home, While his wife played Marjong at home, While his wife played Marjong at home, the colonel jaunted along the deck of the colonel jaunted along the deck of the colonel jaunted along the deck of his mighty ship, the Norma, which he had his mighty ship, the Norma, which he had his mighty ship, the Norma, which he had armed with four machine guns in order to armed with four machine guns in order to armed with four machine guns in order to protect against potential pirates. protect against potential pirates. protect against potential pirates. Labeled as incipid and henpecked by Labeled as incipid and henpecked by Labeled as incipid and henpecked by gossip columnists, Aster sought his gossip columnists, Aster sought his gossip columnists, Aster sought his freedom on the high seas. freedom on the high seas. freedom on the high seas. Perhaps it was during an outing on Perhaps it was during an outing on Perhaps it was during an outing on Aster's yacht that the inventor Aster's yacht that the inventor Aster's yacht that the inventor conceived the idea of fashioning the conceived the idea of fashioning the conceived the idea of fashioning the teleyan in the form of a torpedo. "Come teleyan in the form of a torpedo. "Come teleyan in the form of a torpedo. "Come to Cuba with me where you can to Cuba with me where you can to Cuba with me where you can demonstrate your work upon the demonstrate your work upon the demonstrate your work upon the insufferable scoundrels," Astera insufferable scoundrels," Astera insufferable scoundrels," Astera suggested. Tesla may have been tempted, suggested. Tesla may have been tempted, suggested. Tesla may have been tempted, but in the midst of a whirlwind of but in the midst of a whirlwind of but in the midst of a whirlwind of invention, he graciously declined, as he invention, he graciously declined, as he invention, he graciously declined, as he had been called, for a higher duty. had been called, for a higher duty. had been called, for a higher duty. Tesla finalized construction of his Tesla finalized construction of his Tesla finalized construction of his remote control boat and considered how remote control boat and considered how remote control boat and considered how to make amends as Aster conferred with to make amends as Aster conferred with to make amends as Aster conferred with President McKinley in Washington and President McKinley in Washington and President McKinley in Washington and then hastened to the front lines. The then hastened to the front lines. The then hastened to the front lines. The colonel had donated $75,000 to the US colonel had donated $75,000 to the US colonel had donated $75,000 to the US Army to equip an artillery division for Army to equip an artillery division for Army to equip an artillery division for use in the Philippines and lent the use in the Philippines and lent the use in the Philippines and lent the Normahal to the Navy for use in battle.

Normahal to the Navy for use in battle. Normahal to the Navy for use in battle. The tall ship nearly 100 yards in length The tall ship nearly 100 yards in length The tall ship nearly 100 yards in length was equipped with a core of military was equipped with a core of military was equipped with a core of military seaman. Able to feed 65 at one sitting, seaman. Able to feed 65 at one sitting, seaman. Able to feed 65 at one sitting, the steamdriven threemasted schooner the steamdriven threemasted schooner the steamdriven threemasted schooner made a formidable warship. With his made a formidable warship. With his made a formidable warship. With his honorary rank stepped up to inspector honorary rank stepped up to inspector honorary rank stepped up to inspector general, Colonel Aster sailed his general, Colonel Aster sailed his general, Colonel Aster sailed his battalion down to Cuba where he could battalion down to Cuba where he could battalion down to Cuba where he could watch Teddy Roosevelt in the Battle of watch Teddy Roosevelt in the Battle of watch Teddy Roosevelt in the Battle of San Jan Hill through a pair of field San Jan Hill through a pair of field San Jan Hill through a pair of field glasses. glasses. glasses. Beating the Spanish with modern Beating the Spanish with modern Beating the Spanish with modern instruments of destruction became the instruments of destruction became the instruments of destruction became the overriding theme of the exposition. overriding theme of the exposition. overriding theme of the exposition. Desler would have far and away the most Desler would have far and away the most Desler would have far and away the most sophisticated construction, but he chose sophisticated construction, but he chose sophisticated construction, but he chose to portray it by deceptively emphasizing to portray it by deceptively emphasizing to portray it by deceptively emphasizing mysterious features. In demonstrating my mysterious features. In demonstrating my mysterious features. In demonstrating my invention before audiences, the visitors invention before audiences, the visitors invention before audiences, the visitors were requested to ask any question, were requested to ask any question, were requested to ask any question, however involved, and the automatan however involved, and the automatan however involved, and the automatan would answer them by signs. would answer them by signs. would answer them by signs. This was considered magic at the time, This was considered magic at the time, This was considered magic at the time, but it was extremely simple, for it was but it was extremely simple, for it was but it was extremely simple, for it was myself who gave the replies by means of myself who gave the replies by means of myself who gave the replies by means of the the the device. The boat, approximately 4 ft in device. The boat, approximately 4 ft in device. The boat, approximately 4 ft in length and 3 ft high, was placed in a length and 3 ft high, was placed in a length and 3 ft high, was placed in a large tank in the center of a private large tank in the center of a private large tank in the center of a private auditorium set up for special viewing auditorium set up for special viewing auditorium set up for special viewing for key investors like JO Ashton, George for key investors like JO Ashton, George for key investors like JO Ashton, George Westinghouse, J Peront Morgan, and Westinghouse, J Peront Morgan, and Westinghouse, J Peront Morgan, and Cornelius Vanderbilt. By means of a Cornelius Vanderbilt. By means of a Cornelius Vanderbilt. By means of a variety of transmitters and frequencies, variety of transmitters and frequencies, variety of transmitters and frequencies, the inventor could start, stop, propel, the inventor could start, stop, propel, the inventor could start, stop, propel, steer, and operate other features such steer, and operate other features such steer, and operate other features such as putting lights on or off. Tesla was as putting lights on or off. Tesla was as putting lights on or off. Tesla was also planning on constructing a also planning on constructing a also planning on constructing a prototype submersible, perhaps to

prototype submersible, perhaps to prototype submersible, perhaps to compete in the mock battles that were compete in the mock battles that were compete in the mock battles that were staged between models of the American staged between models of the American staged between models of the American ships and the Spanish fleet, but it was ships and the Spanish fleet, but it was ships and the Spanish fleet, but it was never built. Due to the lack of access never built. Due to the lack of access never built. Due to the lack of access the press had to this exclusive the press had to this exclusive the press had to this exclusive invention, the newspapers featured invention, the newspapers featured invention, the newspapers featured Maronei's wireless detonation system Maronei's wireless detonation system Maronei's wireless detonation system instead. By means of a bomb planted on instead. By means of a bomb planted on instead. By means of a bomb planted on board the enemy frigot and a simple board the enemy frigot and a simple board the enemy frigot and a simple button placed in the hands of Tom Jr. button placed in the hands of Tom Jr. button placed in the hands of Tom Jr. Spanish ships were blown to Spanish ships were blown to Spanish ships were blown to smitherines. Maronei, however, had not smitherines. Maronei, however, had not smitherines. Maronei, however, had not solved the problem of tuning a solved the problem of tuning a solved the problem of tuning a frequency, and so on, on one occasion frequency, and so on, on one occasion frequency, and so on, on one occasion Edison's son accidentally blew up a desk Edison's son accidentally blew up a desk Edison's son accidentally blew up a desk in a back room that had housed other in a back room that had housed other in a back room that had housed other bombs. Fortunately, no one was injured. bombs. Fortunately, no one was injured. bombs. Fortunately, no one was injured. It appears that the public appreciated It appears that the public appreciated It appears that the public appreciated the dramatic Maronei contraption which the dramatic Maronei contraption which the dramatic Maronei contraption which appealed to Basera instincts as compared appealed to Basera instincts as compared appealed to Basera instincts as compared to Tesla's masterwork which was 16 years to Tesla's masterwork which was 16 years to Tesla's masterwork which was 16 years ahead of its time operationally and at ahead of its time operationally and at ahead of its time operationally and at least a century ahead of its time least a century ahead of its time least a century ahead of its time conceptually that is as envisioned in conceptually that is as envisioned in conceptually that is as envisioned in final form. Only the scientific journals final form. Only the scientific journals final form. Only the scientific journals explained with any clarity the explained with any clarity the explained with any clarity the complexity of the design. Tesla's koi complexity of the design. Tesla's koi complexity of the design. Tesla's koi portrayal kindled the blitzkrieg of portrayal kindled the blitzkrieg of portrayal kindled the blitzkrieg of epithets from the press. The following epithets from the press. The following epithets from the press. The following fantastic prognostication particularly fantastic prognostication particularly fantastic prognostication particularly upset them. Torpedo boat without a crew.

upset them. Torpedo boat without a crew. upset them. Torpedo boat without a crew. My submarine boat loaded with its My submarine boat loaded with its My submarine boat loaded with its torpedoes can start out from a protected torpedoes can start out from a protected torpedoes can start out from a protected bay or be dropped over a shipside. Make bay or be dropped over a shipside. Make bay or be dropped over a shipside. Make its devious way along the surface its devious way along the surface its devious way along the surface through dangerous channels of mine beds through dangerous channels of mine beds through dangerous channels of mine beds watching for its prey. then dart upon it watching for its prey. then dart upon it watching for its prey. then dart upon it at a favorite moment, discharge its at a favorite moment, discharge its at a favorite moment, discharge its deadly weapon, and return to the hand deadly weapon, and return to the hand deadly weapon, and return to the hand that sent it. I am aware that this that sent it. I am aware that this that sent it. I am aware that this sounds almost incredible, and I have sounds almost incredible, and I have sounds almost incredible, and I have refrained from making this invention refrained from making this invention refrained from making this invention public until I had worked out public until I had worked out public until I had worked out practically every detail. By allowing practically every detail. By allowing practically every detail. By allowing the following editorial to appear in his the following editorial to appear in his the following editorial to appear in his journal, Electrical Engineer, TC Martin journal, Electrical Engineer, TC Martin journal, Electrical Engineer, TC Martin was, in a backhanded way, another to was, in a backhanded way, another to was, in a backhanded way, another to lead the assault. Mr. Tesla and the lead the assault. Mr. Tesla and the lead the assault. Mr. Tesla and the ZAR. Mr. Tesla fools himself, if he ZAR. Mr. Tesla fools himself, if he ZAR. Mr. Tesla fools himself, if he fools anybody, when he launches into the fools anybody, when he launches into the fools anybody, when he launches into the dazzling theories and speculations dazzling theories and speculations dazzling theories and speculations associated with his name. Just of late, associated with his name. Just of late, associated with his name. Just of late, Mr. Tesla has been given publicity to Mr. Tesla has been given publicity to Mr. Tesla has been given publicity to some of his newest work. We should be some of his newest work. We should be some of his newest work. We should be glad personally to see him finish up glad personally to see him finish up glad personally to see him finish up some of the many other things that have some of the many other things that have some of the many other things that have occupied his energies these 10 years occupied his energies these 10 years occupied his energies these 10 years past. The editorial then went on to past. The editorial then went on to past. The editorial then went on to criticize Tesla's oscillator and his criticize Tesla's oscillator and his criticize Tesla's oscillator and his method of delivering large quantities of method of delivering large quantities of method of delivering large quantities of current without wires, say from Niagara current without wires, say from Niagara current without wires, say from Niagara Falls to Paris, which is also yet to Falls to Paris, which is also yet to Falls to Paris, which is also yet to happen. Mr. Marone has already happen. Mr. Marone has already happen. Mr. Marone has already telegraphed from balloon to balloon telegraphed from balloon to balloon telegraphed from balloon to balloon without wires over 20 m, thus proving in without wires over 20 m, thus proving in without wires over 20 m, thus proving in advance the tenability of Mr. Tesla's

advance the tenability of Mr. Tesla's advance the tenability of Mr. Tesla's proposition. Discredit the wireless proposition. Discredit the wireless proposition. Discredit the wireless torpedo followed. This was in reaction torpedo followed. This was in reaction torpedo followed. This was in reaction to Tesla's suggestion that the ultimate to Tesla's suggestion that the ultimate to Tesla's suggestion that the ultimate weapons could be devil automatter. weapons could be devil automatter. weapons could be devil automatter. Caught up in war fever, Tesla emphasized Caught up in war fever, Tesla emphasized Caught up in war fever, Tesla emphasized nefarious implications of his work. nefarious implications of his work. nefarious implications of his work. Automatans would fight while humans Automatans would fight while humans Automatans would fight while humans would live. He wrote, "The continuous would live. He wrote, "The continuous would live. He wrote, "The continuous development in this direction must development in this direction must development in this direction must ultimately make war a mere context of ultimately make war a mere context of ultimately make war a mere context of machines without men and without loss of machines without men and without loss of machines without men and without loss of life, a condition which will lead, in my life, a condition which will lead, in my life, a condition which will lead, in my opinion, to permanent peace. opinion, to permanent peace. opinion, to permanent peace. This position was refuted by a number of This position was refuted by a number of This position was refuted by a number of individuals. The most eloquent by individuals. The most eloquent by individuals. The most eloquent by Frenchman Mu Frenchman Mu Frenchman Mu Yu. The genius of Yu. The genius of Yu. The genius of destruction. Like all inventors of destruction. Like all inventors of destruction. Like all inventors of destructive machines, Tesla claims that destructive machines, Tesla claims that destructive machines, Tesla claims that his devil automatter will make the his devil automatter will make the his devil automatter will make the governments which are inclined to create governments which are inclined to create governments which are inclined to create international conflrations international conflrations international conflrations hesitate. On this account, Nicola Tesla hesitate. On this account, Nicola Tesla hesitate. On this account, Nicola Tesla claims a right to be called a benefactor claims a right to be called a benefactor claims a right to be called a benefactor of humanity. The genius of destruction of humanity. The genius of destruction of humanity. The genius of destruction would seem to have then two aims. It would seem to have then two aims. It would seem to have then two aims. It creates evil but mostly good. Through creates evil but mostly good. Through creates evil but mostly good. Through its help, the abolition of wars may no its help, the abolition of wars may no its help, the abolition of wars may no longer be a utopia of generous dreamers.

longer be a utopia of generous dreamers. longer be a utopia of generous dreamers. A blessed era will open up to the people A blessed era will open up to the people A blessed era will open up to the people whose quarrels will be settled in view whose quarrels will be settled in view whose quarrels will be settled in view of the terror of the cataclysms promised of the terror of the cataclysms promised of the terror of the cataclysms promised by science. What contradictions of by science. What contradictions of by science. What contradictions of conception is the human mind subject to? conception is the human mind subject to? conception is the human mind subject to? Coincidentally, this view was espoused Coincidentally, this view was espoused Coincidentally, this view was espoused by Mark Twain, who wrote to Tesla from by Mark Twain, who wrote to Tesla from by Mark Twain, who wrote to Tesla from Europe wanting to sell the patents to Europe wanting to sell the patents to Europe wanting to sell the patents to cabinet ministers in Austria, Germany, cabinet ministers in Austria, Germany, cabinet ministers in Austria, Germany, and England, by Bulwa Littton, and by and England, by Bulwa Littton, and by and England, by Bulwa Littton, and by Zar Nicholas of Russia, whom Tesla Zar Nicholas of Russia, whom Tesla Zar Nicholas of Russia, whom Tesla himself was negotiating with. And that himself was negotiating with. And that himself was negotiating with. And that was how Nicholas Tesla became associated was how Nicholas Tesla became associated was how Nicholas Tesla became associated with the Zar. In the modern era, Edward with the Zar. In the modern era, Edward with the Zar. In the modern era, Edward Teller, one of the inventors of the Teller, one of the inventors of the Teller, one of the inventors of the hydrogen bomb and more recently hydrogen bomb and more recently hydrogen bomb and more recently President Ronald Reagan in his 1980s President Ronald Reagan in his 1980s President Ronald Reagan in his 1980s Star Wars speeches, have also expounded Star Wars speeches, have also expounded Star Wars speeches, have also expounded on this position. But Tesla, much like on this position. But Tesla, much like on this position. But Tesla, much like Einstein, came to regret his initial Einstein, came to regret his initial Einstein, came to regret his initial view of how the agents of Armageddon view of how the agents of Armageddon view of how the agents of Armageddon could lead humans to peace. The brazen could lead humans to peace. The brazen could lead humans to peace. The brazen essay which had appeared in Martin's essay which had appeared in Martin's essay which had appeared in Martin's journal continued as an introduction to journal continued as an introduction to journal continued as an introduction to Tesla's thoughtful paper on Tesla's thoughtful paper on Tesla's thoughtful paper on electrotherrapeutics and then concluded electrotherrapeutics and then concluded electrotherrapeutics and then concluded with the following convoluted backhand with the following convoluted backhand with the following convoluted backhand compliment. It is not our desire to pose compliment. It is not our desire to pose compliment. It is not our desire to pose as apologists or publicists for Mr.

as apologists or publicists for Mr. as apologists or publicists for Mr. Tesla. He needs no assistance of that Tesla. He needs no assistance of that Tesla. He needs no assistance of that kind. And so long as he commands freely kind. And so long as he commands freely kind. And so long as he commands freely whole pages of the Sunday papers for whole pages of the Sunday papers for whole pages of the Sunday papers for which Mr. the wom maker pays gladly his which Mr. the wom maker pays gladly his which Mr. the wom maker pays gladly his thousands of dollars. The scientific thousands of dollars. The scientific thousands of dollars. The scientific journals have little to do with the journals have little to do with the journals have little to do with the matter. All we wish to say is that it is matter. All we wish to say is that it is matter. All we wish to say is that it is not fair to condemn, as many do, Mr. not fair to condemn, as many do, Mr. not fair to condemn, as many do, Mr. Tesla as a visionary and Tesla as a visionary and Tesla as a visionary and impractical. No man has finished his impractical. No man has finished his impractical. No man has finished his work till he is dead, and even then work till he is dead, and even then work till he is dead, and even then there are long, long centuries in which there are long, long centuries in which there are long, long centuries in which his ideas can prove themselves true. The his ideas can prove themselves true. The his ideas can prove themselves true. The visionaries are thus often in the end visionaries are thus often in the end visionaries are thus often in the end the most sorted of realists, something the most sorted of realists, something the most sorted of realists, something Mr. Tesla will never be. As Martin had Mr. Tesla will never be. As Martin had Mr. Tesla will never be. As Martin had been in a sense Tesla's advance man, his been in a sense Tesla's advance man, his been in a sense Tesla's advance man, his decision to allow this critique in his decision to allow this critique in his decision to allow this critique in his journal became a tacit sanction for journal became a tacit sanction for journal became a tacit sanction for other writers to unfurl their other writers to unfurl their other writers to unfurl their condemnation. For instance, another condemnation. For instance, another condemnation. For instance, another scathing review appeared in both the scathing review appeared in both the scathing review appeared in both the Scientific American and the more popular Scientific American and the more popular Scientific American and the more popular public opinion. public opinion. public opinion. The article appeared on the same page as The article appeared on the same page as The article appeared on the same page as the obituary of Mount Bankank inventor the obituary of Mount Bankank inventor the obituary of Mount Bankank inventor John Warl Keelley. Was Keely a John Warl Keelley. Was Keely a John Warl Keelley. Was Keely a charlatan? In the death of JW Keelley of charlatan? In the death of JW Keelley of charlatan? In the death of JW Keelley of Keley Motor fame, the world has been Keley Motor fame, the world has been Keley Motor fame, the world has been robbed of one of its most unique and robbed of one of its most unique and robbed of one of its most unique and fascinating characters. Keely was always fascinating characters. Keely was always fascinating characters. Keely was always going to startle the world, but never going to startle the world, but never going to startle the world, but never did. It is sincerely to be hoped that did. It is sincerely to be hoped that did. It is sincerely to be hoped that Keel's alleged secrets have died with Keel's alleged secrets have died with Keel's alleged secrets have died with him. science and him. science and him. science and sensationalism that the author of the

sensationalism that the author of the sensationalism that the author of the multifphase system of transmission multifphase system of transmission multifphase system of transmission should at this late date be flooding the should at this late date be flooding the should at this late date be flooding the press with rhetorical bombast that press with rhetorical bombast that press with rhetorical bombast that recalls the wildest days of the key recalls the wildest days of the key recalls the wildest days of the key motor mania is inconsistent and motor mania is inconsistent and motor mania is inconsistent and inexplicable to the last degree. The inexplicable to the last degree. The inexplicable to the last degree. The facts of Mr. Tesla's invention are few facts of Mr. Tesla's invention are few facts of Mr. Tesla's invention are few and simple as the fancies which have and simple as the fancies which have and simple as the fancies which have been woven around it are many and been woven around it are many and been woven around it are many and extravagant. The principles of the extravagant. The principles of the extravagant. The principles of the invention are not new, nor was Tesla the invention are not new, nor was Tesla the invention are not new, nor was Tesla the original original original discoverer. This implication that Tesla discoverer. This implication that Tesla discoverer. This implication that Tesla was not the author of his system of was not the author of his system of was not the author of his system of wireless communication echoed previous wireless communication echoed previous wireless communication echoed previous charges that he was not the genuine charges that he was not the genuine charges that he was not the genuine inventor of the AC polyface system. This inventor of the AC polyface system. This inventor of the AC polyface system. This was what particularly angered him, as it was what particularly angered him, as it was what particularly angered him, as it was essential that his work be original. was essential that his work be original. was essential that his work be original. I wish I could lay upon the fellow all I wish I could lay upon the fellow all I wish I could lay upon the fellow all the fork lightning in my laboratory, the fork lightning in my laboratory, the fork lightning in my laboratory, Tesla told the Johnson's at dinner at Tesla told the Johnson's at dinner at Tesla told the Johnson's at dinner at their home. Perhaps it would be more their home. Perhaps it would be more their home. Perhaps it would be more effective if an outside person came to effective if an outside person came to effective if an outside person came to your defense, Robert your defense, Robert your defense, Robert suggested. My dear Luca, I know that you suggested. My dear Luca, I know that you suggested. My dear Luca, I know that you are a noble fellow and devoted friend, are a noble fellow and devoted friend, are a noble fellow and devoted friend, and I appreciate your indignation at and I appreciate your indignation at and I appreciate your indignation at these uncalled for attacks, but I beg these uncalled for attacks, but I beg these uncalled for attacks, but I beg you not to get involved under any you not to get involved under any you not to get involved under any condition, as you would offend me. Let condition, as you would offend me. Let condition, as you would offend me. Let my friends do their worst. I like it my friends do their worst. I like it my friends do their worst. I like it better. So, let them spring on better. So, let them spring on better. So, let them spring on scientific society's worthless schemes, scientific society's worthless schemes, scientific society's worthless schemes, oppose a cause which is deserving, throw oppose a cause which is deserving, throw oppose a cause which is deserving, throw sand into the eyes of those who might sand into the eyes of those who might sand into the eyes of those who might see. They will reap their reward in see. They will reap their reward in see. They will reap their reward in time. Then how can we redress such an

time. Then how can we redress such an time. Then how can we redress such an outrageous individual? Let us have a outrageous individual? Let us have a outrageous individual? Let us have a profound contempt for the creature, profound contempt for the creature, profound contempt for the creature, Tesla concluded. Tesla concluded. Tesla concluded. I don't see come of it in this same I don't see come of it in this same I don't see come of it in this same category, Catherine offered, trying to category, Catherine offered, trying to category, Catherine offered, trying to set the stage for a set the stage for a set the stage for a reconciliation. I know you and Luca want reconciliation. I know you and Luca want reconciliation. I know you and Luca want me to forgive your friend Martin for his me to forgive your friend Martin for his me to forgive your friend Martin for his disparaging editorial. It was well done, disparaging editorial. It was well done, disparaging editorial. It was well done, but not so painstakingly as many others but not so painstakingly as many others but not so painstakingly as many others before. He renders me more and more before. He renders me more and more before. He renders me more and more valuable valuable valuable services. At least talk to him, services. At least talk to him, services. At least talk to him, Catherine pleaded. Tesla grabbed his Catherine pleaded. Tesla grabbed his Catherine pleaded. Tesla grabbed his hat, coat, and gloves, and waved his hat, coat, and gloves, and waved his hat, coat, and gloves, and waved his hand. Sorry for him. That is all," he hand. Sorry for him. That is all," he hand. Sorry for him. That is all," he said as he departed. Tesla counteratt said as he departed. Tesla counteratt said as he departed. Tesla counteratt attacked with a spirited response to attacked with a spirited response to attacked with a spirited response to Electrical Engineer, which they were Electrical Engineer, which they were Electrical Engineer, which they were forced to publish. "On more than one forced to publish. "On more than one forced to publish. "On more than one occasion, you have offended me. But in occasion, you have offended me. But in occasion, you have offended me. But in my qualities, both as Christian and my qualities, both as Christian and my qualities, both as Christian and philosopher, I have always forgiven you philosopher, I have always forgiven you philosopher, I have always forgiven you and only pied you for your errors. This and only pied you for your errors. This and only pied you for your errors. This time, though, your offense is graver time, though, your offense is graver time, though, your offense is graver than the previous ones, for you have than the previous ones, for you have than the previous ones, for you have dared to cast a shadow on my honor.

dared to cast a shadow on my honor. dared to cast a shadow on my honor. Being a bearer of high honors from a Being a bearer of high honors from a Being a bearer of high honors from a number of American universities, it is number of American universities, it is number of American universities, it is my duty in view of this slur to exact my duty in view of this slur to exact my duty in view of this slur to exact from you a complete and humble apology. from you a complete and humble apology. from you a complete and humble apology. On this condition, I will again forgive On this condition, I will again forgive On this condition, I will again forgive you, but I would advise you to limit you, but I would advise you to limit you, but I would advise you to limit yourself in your future attacks to yourself in your future attacks to yourself in your future attacks to statements for which you are not liable statements for which you are not liable statements for which you are not liable to be punished by law." to be punished by law." to be punished by law." Tesla, of course, was angry with the Tesla, of course, was angry with the Tesla, of course, was angry with the general tone of the editorial, but what general tone of the editorial, but what general tone of the editorial, but what particularly upset him was the particularly upset him was the particularly upset him was the implication that he had abandoned his implication that he had abandoned his implication that he had abandoned his mechanical and electrical oscillators mechanical and electrical oscillators mechanical and electrical oscillators and his cold lamps without filaments, and his cold lamps without filaments, and his cold lamps without filaments, fluorescent lights. He was in the midst fluorescent lights. He was in the midst fluorescent lights. He was in the midst of negotiating a large business of negotiating a large business of negotiating a large business transaction with a number of investors, transaction with a number of investors, transaction with a number of investors, particularly Aster. In no way did he particularly Aster. In no way did he particularly Aster. In no way did he want there to be any implication that want there to be any implication that want there to be any implication that these endeavors were being abandoned. these endeavors were being abandoned. these endeavors were being abandoned. Martin's rebuttal was published right Martin's rebuttal was published right Martin's rebuttal was published right after Tesla's letter. His friends to Mr. after Tesla's letter. His friends to Mr. after Tesla's letter. His friends to Mr. Tesla. One foremost electrical inventor Tesla. One foremost electrical inventor Tesla. One foremost electrical inventor unnamed probably Ellie Hugh Thompson has unnamed probably Ellie Hugh Thompson has unnamed probably Ellie Hugh Thompson has been kind enough to say that the been kind enough to say that the been kind enough to say that the electrical engineer made Mr.

electrical engineer made Mr. electrical engineer made Mr. Tesla. This statement was disputed by Tesla. This statement was disputed by Tesla. This statement was disputed by Martin as a person's actions make the Martin as a person's actions make the Martin as a person's actions make the person. However, the journal i.e. Martin person. However, the journal i.e. Martin person. However, the journal i.e. Martin did cite the fact that in the past he did cite the fact that in the past he did cite the fact that in the past he published Tesla's articles and book of published Tesla's articles and book of published Tesla's articles and book of his inventions and lectures and his inventions and lectures and his inventions and lectures and furthermore that it was their editor who furthermore that it was their editor who furthermore that it was their editor who had striven with all the ability had striven with all the ability had striven with all the ability possessed to explain Mr. Tesla's ideas. possessed to explain Mr. Tesla's ideas. possessed to explain Mr. Tesla's ideas. This is completely true. For an 8-year This is completely true. For an 8-year This is completely true. For an 8-year period, 1890 to98, electrical engineer period, 1890 to98, electrical engineer period, 1890 to98, electrical engineer published 167 articles by or about published 167 articles by or about published 167 articles by or about Tesla, 40 more than electrical review Tesla, 40 more than electrical review Tesla, 40 more than electrical review and 70 more than electrical world. and 70 more than electrical world. and 70 more than electrical world. Moreover, it was clearly Martin who Moreover, it was clearly Martin who Moreover, it was clearly Martin who choreographed the reclusive inventor's choreographed the reclusive inventor's choreographed the reclusive inventor's entree into the American electrical entree into the American electrical entree into the American electrical arena. As Tesla often promised more than arena. As Tesla often promised more than arena. As Tesla often promised more than he delivered, the journal, as a true he delivered, the journal, as a true he delivered, the journal, as a true friend, felt an obligation to urge him friend, felt an obligation to urge him friend, felt an obligation to urge him to complete a long trial of beautiful to complete a long trial of beautiful to complete a long trial of beautiful but unfinished inventions. They, i.e. but unfinished inventions. They, i.e. but unfinished inventions. They, i.e. Martin, also took keen exception to the Martin, also took keen exception to the Martin, also took keen exception to the fantastic statement about Tesla's fantastic statement about Tesla's fantastic statement about Tesla's remotec controlled flying machine that remotec controlled flying machine that remotec controlled flying machine that could change its direction in flight.

could change its direction in flight. could change its direction in flight. Explode at will and never make a mess, Explode at will and never make a mess, Explode at will and never make a mess, Martin continued. Our past admiration of Martin continued. Our past admiration of Martin continued. Our past admiration of Mr. Tesla's real tangible work is on Mr. Tesla's real tangible work is on Mr. Tesla's real tangible work is on record and stands, but we draw the line record and stands, but we draw the line record and stands, but we draw the line at such things as these. We're sorry Mr. at such things as these. We're sorry Mr. at such things as these. We're sorry Mr. Tesla feels so keenly, but we cannot Tesla feels so keenly, but we cannot Tesla feels so keenly, but we cannot help it. Given that this assault stem help it. Given that this assault stem help it. Given that this assault stem from one of Tesla's closest allies, it from one of Tesla's closest allies, it from one of Tesla's closest allies, it bears careful consideration. However, bears careful consideration. However, bears careful consideration. However, from a historical perspective, we should from a historical perspective, we should from a historical perspective, we should also consider hidden agendas. For also consider hidden agendas. For also consider hidden agendas. For instance, in 1894, Tesla was freely instance, in 1894, Tesla was freely instance, in 1894, Tesla was freely distributing his collected works and not distributing his collected works and not distributing his collected works and not paying for additional copies. "I made paying for additional copies. "I made paying for additional copies. "I made some money out of my Tesla book," Martin some money out of my Tesla book," Martin some money out of my Tesla book," Martin confessed to Ellie Hugh Thompson many confessed to Ellie Hugh Thompson many confessed to Ellie Hugh Thompson many years later, but it was promptly years later, but it was promptly years later, but it was promptly borrowed from me by the titular borrowed from me by the titular borrowed from me by the titular component, so two years of work went for component, so two years of work went for component, so two years of work went for nothing. The following year, in 1895, nothing. The following year, in 1895, nothing. The following year, in 1895, Tesla's laboratory burned to the ground, Tesla's laboratory burned to the ground, Tesla's laboratory burned to the ground, and Martin wrote an admirable tribute. and Martin wrote an admirable tribute. and Martin wrote an admirable tribute. Perhaps this is why he did not insist Perhaps this is why he did not insist Perhaps this is why he did not insist Tesla repay him. Martin had been placed Tesla repay him. Martin had been placed Tesla repay him. Martin had been placed in an awkward position, for he was also in an awkward position, for he was also in an awkward position, for he was also a good friend of Tom Edison's, a a good friend of Tom Edison's, a a good friend of Tom Edison's, a powerful Tesla rival, and as a reporter, powerful Tesla rival, and as a reporter, powerful Tesla rival, and as a reporter, he had to be objective in covering he had to be objective in covering he had to be objective in covering advances from other rivals such as Mark advances from other rivals such as Mark advances from other rivals such as Mark Coney. Tesla's irritating habit of Coney. Tesla's irritating habit of Coney. Tesla's irritating habit of living beyond his means and seeing living beyond his means and seeing living beyond his means and seeing projects completed before they actually projects completed before they actually projects completed before they actually materialized was forever a source of materialized was forever a source of materialized was forever a source of frustration to his longtime protector.

frustration to his longtime protector. frustration to his longtime protector. And history has so proved in many ways And history has so proved in many ways And history has so proved in many ways that Martin was right. Tesla's that Martin was right. Tesla's that Martin was right. Tesla's oscillators were never a commercial oscillators were never a commercial oscillators were never a commercial success. His wireless system of success. His wireless system of success. His wireless system of distributing light, information, and distributing light, information, and distributing light, information, and power in its total form was never power in its total form was never power in its total form was never realized. And for reasons difficult to realized. And for reasons difficult to realized. And for reasons difficult to understand, Tesla's fluorescent lights understand, Tesla's fluorescent lights understand, Tesla's fluorescent lights were never marketed. On the other hand, were never marketed. On the other hand, were never marketed. On the other hand, Tesla was extremely prolific. He did Tesla was extremely prolific. He did Tesla was extremely prolific. He did build working models of all his build working models of all his build working models of all his inventions. For instance, the Teley inventions. For instance, the Teley inventions. For instance, the Teley Automatan was a fully functioning Automatan was a fully functioning Automatan was a fully functioning prototype, and it takes many years for prototype, and it takes many years for prototype, and it takes many years for one's endeavors to come to fruition. one's endeavors to come to fruition. one's endeavors to come to fruition. Tesla had already proved himself in a Tesla had already proved himself in a Tesla had already proved himself in a variety of ways. That all of his variety of ways. That all of his variety of ways. That all of his projects never materialized is projects never materialized is projects never materialized is understandable given the great scope of understandable given the great scope of understandable given the great scope of his efforts. Tesla's telematan remains his efforts. Tesla's telematan remains his efforts. Tesla's telematan remains one of the single most important one of the single most important one of the single most important technological triumphs of the modern technological triumphs of the modern technological triumphs of the modern age. In its final form, it was conceived age. In its final form, it was conceived age. In its final form, it was conceived as a new mechanical species capable of as a new mechanical species capable of as a new mechanical species capable of thinking as humans do, capable of thinking as humans do, capable of thinking as humans do, capable of carrying out complex assignments and carrying out complex assignments and carrying out complex assignments and even capable of reproduction. The even capable of reproduction. The even capable of reproduction. The invention also comprised all of the invention also comprised all of the invention also comprised all of the essential features of wireless essential features of wireless essential features of wireless transmission and selective tuning. Here transmission and selective tuning. Here transmission and selective tuning. Here was a true work of genius.

was a true work of genius. was a true work of genius. Surprisingly, Tesla was an adherent of a Surprisingly, Tesla was an adherent of a Surprisingly, Tesla was an adherent of a stimulus response model for explaining stimulus response model for explaining stimulus response model for explaining human behavior and consciousness rather human behavior and consciousness rather human behavior and consciousness rather than a proponent of a model espousing a than a proponent of a model espousing a than a proponent of a model espousing a creative creative creative unconscious. The rivalry between Ernst unconscious. The rivalry between Ernst unconscious. The rivalry between Ernst Mark and KL Schump Tesla's philosophy Mark and KL Schump Tesla's philosophy Mark and KL Schump Tesla's philosophy teacher discussed earlier and the work teacher discussed earlier and the work teacher discussed earlier and the work of Decart on the self-propelled automter of Decart on the self-propelled automter of Decart on the self-propelled automter correlate to a number of key positions correlate to a number of key positions correlate to a number of key positions Tesla took which influenced directly the Tesla took which influenced directly the Tesla took which influenced directly the development of his teley automatum. The development of his teley automatum. The development of his teley automatum. The mind according to this proposition was mind according to this proposition was mind according to this proposition was nothing more than a simple compilation nothing more than a simple compilation nothing more than a simple compilation of cause and effect sensations. What we of cause and effect sensations. What we of cause and effect sensations. What we call ideas were secondary impressions call ideas were secondary impressions call ideas were secondary impressions derived from these primary sensations. derived from these primary sensations. derived from these primary sensations. Paradoxically, although Tesla's Paradoxically, although Tesla's Paradoxically, although Tesla's achievement was highly original, and achievement was highly original, and achievement was highly original, and although he touted himself as the although he touted himself as the although he touted himself as the creator of new principles, in no way did creator of new principles, in no way did creator of new principles, in no way did the inventor think that he had ever the inventor think that he had ever the inventor think that he had ever produced a new idea that did not stem produced a new idea that did not stem produced a new idea that did not stem from something external, for example, a from something external, for example, a from something external, for example, a mechanism present in nature or deriving mechanism present in nature or deriving mechanism present in nature or deriving from the work of others. A reader of from the work of others. A reader of from the work of others. A reader of great philosophers, Tesla fully great philosophers, Tesla fully great philosophers, Tesla fully understood what the adoption of his understood what the adoption of his understood what the adoption of his telematan would mean to the world. He telematan would mean to the world. He telematan would mean to the world. He clearly saw the implication in the clearly saw the implication in the clearly saw the implication in the coming race. Machines would not only coming race. Machines would not only coming race. Machines would not only replace laborers, they would think for replace laborers, they would think for replace laborers, they would think for themselves. Tesla's genius, therefore, themselves. Tesla's genius, therefore, themselves. Tesla's genius, therefore, was not only in the appreciation of the was not only in the appreciation of the was not only in the appreciation of the advanced thinking of others, but also, advanced thinking of others, but also, advanced thinking of others, but also, and more important, in implementing on a and more important, in implementing on a and more important, in implementing on a practical basis their abstract ideas.

practical basis their abstract ideas. practical basis their abstract ideas. Whereas others sought to change the Whereas others sought to change the Whereas others sought to change the world with thoughts, Tesla manifested on world with thoughts, Tesla manifested on world with thoughts, Tesla manifested on the physical plane real working models. the physical plane real working models. the physical plane real working models. He certainly was the father of remotec He certainly was the father of remotec He certainly was the father of remotec controlled electronic beings. But he controlled electronic beings. But he controlled electronic beings. But he would have been the last person to claim would have been the last person to claim would have been the last person to claim that he was the father of the idea. In a that he was the father of the idea. In a that he was the father of the idea. In a famous article printed in the century in famous article printed in the century in famous article printed in the century in 1900, Tesla explained the entire 1900, Tesla explained the entire 1900, Tesla explained the entire conceptualization behind his teley conceptualization behind his teley conceptualization behind his teley automatum. I have by every thought and automatum. I have by every thought and automatum. I have by every thought and every act of mine demonstrated and do so every act of mine demonstrated and do so every act of mine demonstrated and do so daily to my absolute satisfaction that I daily to my absolute satisfaction that I daily to my absolute satisfaction that I am an automatum endowed with a power of am an automatum endowed with a power of am an automatum endowed with a power of movement which merely responds to movement which merely responds to movement which merely responds to external stimuli beating upon my sense external stimuli beating upon my sense external stimuli beating upon my sense organs and thinks and acts accordingly. organs and thinks and acts accordingly. organs and thinks and acts accordingly. I remember only one or two cases in all I remember only one or two cases in all I remember only one or two cases in all my life which I was unable to locate the my life which I was unable to locate the my life which I was unable to locate the first impression which prompted a first impression which prompted a first impression which prompted a movement or a thought or even a dream. movement or a thought or even a dream. movement or a thought or even a dream. Tesla neglects to mention that one of Tesla neglects to mention that one of Tesla neglects to mention that one of these two instances was the revelation these two instances was the revelation these two instances was the revelation he had in Professor Persel's class. He he had in Professor Persel's class. He he had in Professor Persel's class. He had seen that the commutator could be had seen that the commutator could be had seen that the commutator could be eliminated in the DC machines. In other eliminated in the DC machines. In other eliminated in the DC machines. In other words, Tesla's most successful words, Tesla's most successful words, Tesla's most successful invention, the AC polyphase system, was invention, the AC polyphase system, was invention, the AC polyphase system, was initiated from intuitive insight.

initiated from intuitive insight. initiated from intuitive insight. Nevertheless, Tesla stubbornly clung to Nevertheless, Tesla stubbornly clung to Nevertheless, Tesla stubbornly clung to the tabular raza premise. No the tabular raza premise. No the tabular raza premise. No inspiration, according to this pundit, inspiration, according to this pundit, inspiration, according to this pundit, began from within. self-directed began from within. self-directed began from within. self-directed responses were initiated only after responses were initiated only after responses were initiated only after external stimuli were received. This is external stimuli were received. This is external stimuli were received. This is a complex idea as it seems from the a complex idea as it seems from the a complex idea as it seems from the following paragraph that Tesla believes following paragraph that Tesla believes following paragraph that Tesla believes the the the reverse. How cosmic forces shape our reverse. How cosmic forces shape our reverse. How cosmic forces shape our destinies. Every living being is an destinies. Every living being is an destinies. Every living being is an engine geared to the wheelwork of the engine geared to the wheelwork of the engine geared to the wheelwork of the universe. There is no constellation or universe. There is no constellation or universe. There is no constellation or nebula, no sun or planet that does not nebula, no sun or planet that does not nebula, no sun or planet that does not exercise some control over its destiny. exercise some control over its destiny. exercise some control over its destiny. Not in the vague and delusive sense of Not in the vague and delusive sense of Not in the vague and delusive sense of astrology, but in the rigid and positive astrology, but in the rigid and positive astrology, but in the rigid and positive meaning of physical meaning of physical meaning of physical science. More than this can be said, science. More than this can be said, science. More than this can be said, there is no thing endowed with life, there is no thing endowed with life, there is no thing endowed with life, from man who is enslaving the elements from man who is enslaving the elements from man who is enslaving the elements to the humblest creature in all the to the humblest creature in all the to the humblest creature in all the world that does not sway in its turn. At world that does not sway in its turn. At world that does not sway in its turn. At the time he conceived these ideas, that the time he conceived these ideas, that the time he conceived these ideas, that is in the early 1890s, Tesla was is in the early 1890s, Tesla was is in the early 1890s, Tesla was studying Herbert Spencer and also studying Herbert Spencer and also studying Herbert Spencer and also Buddhist writings. He even gave his Buddhist writings. He even gave his Buddhist writings. He even gave his friend Johnson a copy of a book on friend Johnson a copy of a book on friend Johnson a copy of a book on Buddhism to read. Nevertheless, the influence of read. Nevertheless, the influence of Mark's principle and Newton's laws Mark's principle and Newton's laws Mark's principle and Newton's laws concerning such correlates as the concerning such correlates as the concerning such correlates as the angular momentum of the Earth, Sun and angular momentum of the Earth, Sun and angular momentum of the Earth, Sun and galaxy also figured into his galaxy also figured into his galaxy also figured into his cosmological paradigm. The Buddhist cosmological paradigm. The Buddhist cosmological paradigm. The Buddhist expresses it one way, the Christian in

expresses it one way, the Christian in expresses it one way, the Christian in another, but both say the same. We are another, but both say the same. We are another, but both say the same. We are all one. Science too recognizes this all one. Science too recognizes this all one. Science too recognizes this connectedness of separate individuals, connectedness of separate individuals, connectedness of separate individuals, though not quite in the same sense that though not quite in the same sense that though not quite in the same sense that it admits that the suns, planets, and it admits that the suns, planets, and it admits that the suns, planets, and moons of a constellation are one body. moons of a constellation are one body. moons of a constellation are one body. And there can be no doubt that it will And there can be no doubt that it will And there can be no doubt that it will be experimentally confirmed in times to be experimentally confirmed in times to be experimentally confirmed in times to come. come. come. Having studied will psychology, occult Having studied will psychology, occult Having studied will psychology, occult psychological principles as a youth, psychological principles as a youth, psychological principles as a youth, Tesla was a firm believer in Tesla was a firm believer in Tesla was a firm believer in self-determination and the incredible self-determination and the incredible self-determination and the incredible power of the will. Somehow, however, he power of the will. Somehow, however, he power of the will. Somehow, however, he reconciled this internal procedure which reconciled this internal procedure which reconciled this internal procedure which the philosopher George Gurf links to a the philosopher George Gurf links to a the philosopher George Gurf links to a direct expression of the soul to his direct expression of the soul to his direct expression of the soul to his external behavioristic paradigm. For external behavioristic paradigm. For external behavioristic paradigm. For Tesla, the spark of life is not only Tesla, the spark of life is not only Tesla, the spark of life is not only biological but also present in the biological but also present in the biological but also present in the structure of matter. Even matter called structure of matter. Even matter called structure of matter. Even matter called inorganic, believed to be dead, responds inorganic, believed to be dead, responds inorganic, believed to be dead, responds to irritants and gives unmistakable to irritants and gives unmistakable to irritants and gives unmistakable evidence of a living principle evidence of a living principle evidence of a living principle within. Such things as metals respond to within. Such things as metals respond to within. Such things as metals respond to stimuli, eg magnets. Tesla refuses to stimuli, eg magnets. Tesla refuses to stimuli, eg magnets. Tesla refuses to separate the motive forces involved in separate the motive forces involved in separate the motive forces involved in electromagnetic effects from reactions electromagnetic effects from reactions electromagnetic effects from reactions of living matter. This in essence was of living matter. This in essence was of living matter. This in essence was Bwa Littton's Vill power. The energy Bwa Littton's Vill power. The energy Bwa Littton's Vill power. The energy that runs the universe directs life.

that runs the universe directs life. that runs the universe directs life. Thus everything that exists organic or Thus everything that exists organic or Thus everything that exists organic or inorganic animated or inert is inorganic animated or inert is inorganic animated or inert is susceptible to stimulus from the susceptible to stimulus from the susceptible to stimulus from the outside. There is no gap between no outside. There is no gap between no outside. There is no gap between no break in continuity no special and break in continuity no special and break in continuity no special and distinguishing vital agent. The distinguishing vital agent. The distinguishing vital agent. The momentous question of Spencer, what is momentous question of Spencer, what is momentous question of Spencer, what is it that causes inorganic matter to run it that causes inorganic matter to run it that causes inorganic matter to run into organic forms has been answered. It into organic forms has been answered. It into organic forms has been answered. It is the sun's heat and light. Wherever is the sun's heat and light. Wherever is the sun's heat and light. Wherever they are, there is life. they are, there is life. they are, there is life. As Tesla himself was a self-propelled As Tesla himself was a self-propelled As Tesla himself was a self-propelled automatan entirely under the control of automatan entirely under the control of automatan entirely under the control of external influences, he could use the external influences, he could use the external influences, he could use the model of himself to build his teley model of himself to build his teley model of himself to build his teley automatum. What we call memory, Tesla automatum. What we call memory, Tesla automatum. What we call memory, Tesla further stated, is but increased further stated, is but increased further stated, is but increased responsiveness to repeated stimuli. responsiveness to repeated stimuli. responsiveness to repeated stimuli. Creative thinking and also dreaming will Creative thinking and also dreaming will Creative thinking and also dreaming will be derived from secondary reverberations be derived from secondary reverberations be derived from secondary reverberations of these initial external stimuli. of these initial external stimuli. of these initial external stimuli. Long ago, I conceived the idea of Long ago, I conceived the idea of Long ago, I conceived the idea of constructing an automaton which would constructing an automaton which would constructing an automaton which would mechanically represent me and which mechanically represent me and which mechanically represent me and which would respond, as I do myself, but of would respond, as I do myself, but of would respond, as I do myself, but of course in a much more primitive manner course in a much more primitive manner course in a much more primitive manner to external influences. Such an to external influences. Such an to external influences. Such an automatan evidently had to have motive automatan evidently had to have motive automatan evidently had to have motive power, organs for locomotion, directive power, organs for locomotion, directive power, organs for locomotion, directive organs, and one or more sensitive organs organs, and one or more sensitive organs organs, and one or more sensitive organs so adapted as to be excited by external so adapted as to be excited by external so adapted as to be excited by external stimuli.

stimuli. stimuli. Whether the automatan be of flesh and Whether the automatan be of flesh and Whether the automatan be of flesh and bone or of wood and steel, it mattered bone or of wood and steel, it mattered bone or of wood and steel, it mattered little, provided it could provide all little, provided it could provide all little, provided it could provide all the duties required of it like an the duties required of it like an the duties required of it like an intelligent being. To Tesla, his remote intelligent being. To Tesla, his remote intelligent being. To Tesla, his remote control boat was not simply a machine. control boat was not simply a machine. control boat was not simply a machine. It was a new technological creation It was a new technological creation It was a new technological creation endowed with the ability to think. In endowed with the ability to think. In endowed with the ability to think. In Tesla's view, it was also, in a sense, Tesla's view, it was also, in a sense, Tesla's view, it was also, in a sense, the first non-biological life form on the first non-biological life form on the first non-biological life form on the planet. As a prototype, this first the planet. As a prototype, this first the planet. As a prototype, this first new life form was embodied, in Tesla's new life form was embodied, in Tesla's new life form was embodied, in Tesla's words, with a borrowed mind, his own. It words, with a borrowed mind, his own. It words, with a borrowed mind, his own. It will be able to follow a course laid will be able to follow a course laid will be able to follow a course laid out, or obey commands given far in out, or obey commands given far in out, or obey commands given far in advance. It will be capable of advance. It will be capable of advance. It will be capable of distinguishing between what it ought and distinguishing between what it ought and distinguishing between what it ought and what it ought not to do, and of what it ought not to do, and of what it ought not to do, and of recording impressions which will recording impressions which will recording impressions which will definitely affect its subsequent definitely affect its subsequent definitely affect its subsequent actions. actions. actions. Very few individuals could comprehend Very few individuals could comprehend Very few individuals could comprehend the magnitude of the creation in 1898 the magnitude of the creation in 1898 the magnitude of the creation in 1898 and so they lashed out at Tesla instead. and so they lashed out at Tesla instead. and so they lashed out at Tesla instead. In November 1898, the examiner and chief In November 1898, the examiner and chief In November 1898, the examiner and chief of patents came to witness a of patents came to witness a of patents came to witness a demonstration of Tesla's teley automatan demonstration of Tesla's teley automatan demonstration of Tesla's teley automatan before granting a patent. So before granting a patent. So before granting a patent. So unbelievable was the claim. I remember unbelievable was the claim. I remember unbelievable was the claim. I remember that when later I called on an official that when later I called on an official that when later I called on an official in Washington with a view of offering in Washington with a view of offering in Washington with a view of offering the invention to the government, Dler the invention to the government, Dler the invention to the government, Dler wrote, he burst out in laughter. Nobody wrote, he burst out in laughter. Nobody wrote, he burst out in laughter. Nobody thought then that there was the faintest thought then that there was the faintest thought then that there was the faintest prospect of perfecting such a device.

device. 24. Waldolf Atoria, 24. Waldolf Atoria, 24. Waldolf Atoria, 1898. November the 29th, 1897. 1898. November the 29th, 1897. 1898. November the 29th, 1897. My dear My dear My dear Luca, I have concluded that so important Luca, I have concluded that so important Luca, I have concluded that so important a literary event as the appearance of a literary event as the appearance of a literary event as the appearance of your splendid book of poems should be your splendid book of poems should be your splendid book of poems should be firstly commemorated by a dinner at the firstly commemorated by a dinner at the firstly commemorated by a dinner at the Waldoff, as Mrs. Filipof suggested in Waldoff, as Mrs. Filipof suggested in Waldoff, as Mrs. Filipof suggested in her peculiarly delicate way. As this her peculiarly delicate way. As this her peculiarly delicate way. As this does not seem possible because of your does not seem possible because of your does not seem possible because of your immense popularity, I would like you to immense popularity, I would like you to immense popularity, I would like you to name another evening very soon, however, name another evening very soon, however, name another evening very soon, however, for my money may run out. Yours for my money may run out. Yours for my money may run out. Yours sincerely, N Tesla. The Wald of Historia sincerely, N Tesla. The Wald of Historia sincerely, N Tesla. The Wald of Historia was the tallest hotel in the world, a was the tallest hotel in the world, a was the tallest hotel in the world, a center for banquetss, concerts, and center for banquetss, concerts, and center for banquetss, concerts, and conventions in the city, and the conventions in the city, and the conventions in the city, and the permanent or temporary residence of the permanent or temporary residence of the permanent or temporary residence of the wealthiest and most eminent citizens of wealthiest and most eminent citizens of wealthiest and most eminent citizens of the day. Residing there became a goal to the day. Residing there became a goal to the day. Residing there became a goal to which Tesla aspired. It will be one he which Tesla aspired. It will be one he which Tesla aspired. It will be one he would achieve before the end of the would achieve before the end of the would achieve before the end of the year, and one he would maintain for the year, and one he would maintain for the year, and one he would maintain for the next two decades. Built in two parts, next two decades. Built in two parts, next two decades. Built in two parts, the original Waldoff was completed by the original Waldoff was completed by the original Waldoff was completed by William Waldoff Aster in 1893. the William Waldoff Aster in 1893. the William Waldoff Aster in 1893. the Histori by his cousin John Jacob Aster Histori by his cousin John Jacob Aster Histori by his cousin John Jacob Aster in late in late in late 1897. At first, Jack was reluctant to 1897. At first, Jack was reluctant to 1897. At first, Jack was reluctant to tear down his mother's home to erect a tear down his mother's home to erect a tear down his mother's home to erect a hotel, but after the Waldoff grossed hotel, but after the Waldoff grossed hotel, but after the Waldoff grossed $4.5 million in its first year, he $4.5 million in its first year, he $4.5 million in its first year, he changed his mind. Its opening marked the changed his mind. Its opening marked the changed his mind. Its opening marked the beginning of a new concept in living, beginning of a new concept in living, beginning of a new concept in living, extoalling the essence of exclusiveness, extoalling the essence of exclusiveness, extoalling the essence of exclusiveness, cordiality, pomposity, and elegant

cordiality, pomposity, and elegant cordiality, pomposity, and elegant grandiosity to the masses. grandiosity to the masses. grandiosity to the masses. The manager, George C. Bolt, was a The manager, George C. Bolt, was a The manager, George C. Bolt, was a Prussian immigrant from the island of Prussian immigrant from the island of Prussian immigrant from the island of Rugan, situated near Denmark in the Rugan, situated near Denmark in the Rugan, situated near Denmark in the Baltic Sea. Mildmannered, dignified, and Baltic Sea. Mildmannered, dignified, and Baltic Sea. Mildmannered, dignified, and unassuming, Bolt resembled a typical unassuming, Bolt resembled a typical unassuming, Bolt resembled a typical German professor, with his closecropped German professor, with his closecropped German professor, with his closecropped beard, which he kept fidiously trimmed, beard, which he kept fidiously trimmed, beard, which he kept fidiously trimmed, and his pnees on a black silk cord. and his pnees on a black silk cord. and his pnees on a black silk cord. Described also as a martinet and a man Described also as a martinet and a man Described also as a martinet and a man of murial moods, Bold was a socialite in of murial moods, Bold was a socialite in of murial moods, Bold was a socialite in certain ways of the most superficial certain ways of the most superficial certain ways of the most superficial kind. "I would rather see Mrs. Styverson kind. "I would rather see Mrs. Styverson kind. "I would rather see Mrs. Styverson Fish enjoying a cup of tea in an all but Fish enjoying a cup of tea in an all but Fish enjoying a cup of tea in an all but empty palm room," Bolt declared, then a empty palm room," Bolt declared, then a empty palm room," Bolt declared, then a dozen lesserknown guests there feasting. dozen lesserknown guests there feasting. dozen lesserknown guests there feasting. The manager also adored mechanical The manager also adored mechanical The manager also adored mechanical contrivances, sprinkling the hotel with contrivances, sprinkling the hotel with contrivances, sprinkling the hotel with such modern conveniences as pneumatic such modern conveniences as pneumatic such modern conveniences as pneumatic tubes, electric bulb carriage calls, tubes, electric bulb carriage calls, tubes, electric bulb carriage calls, flashing control panels on the flashing control panels on the flashing control panels on the elevators, and his network of hushed but elevators, and his network of hushed but elevators, and his network of hushed but authoritative buzzers. A few years authoritative buzzers. A few years authoritative buzzers. A few years later, the Waldoff would be the first later, the Waldoff would be the first later, the Waldoff would be the first hotel with a radio tower. No doubt Tesla hotel with a radio tower. No doubt Tesla hotel with a radio tower. No doubt Tesla himself, an elitist, was attractive to himself, an elitist, was attractive to himself, an elitist, was attractive to Bolt. With his position of inventor Bolt. With his position of inventor Bolt. With his position of inventor extraordinaire well established, it is extraordinaire well established, it is extraordinaire well established, it is likely that the inventor was accepted in likely that the inventor was accepted in likely that the inventor was accepted in a distinct class above the manager. Once a distinct class above the manager. Once a distinct class above the manager. Once he moved in, Tesla may even have avoided he moved in, Tesla may even have avoided he moved in, Tesla may even have avoided paying rent in lie of his connection paying rent in lie of his connection paying rent in lie of his connection with Aster, or he may have negotiated a with Aster, or he may have negotiated a with Aster, or he may have negotiated a favorable deal. With over 900 on staff, favorable deal. With over 900 on staff, favorable deal. With over 900 on staff, the acclaimed Oscar of the Waldoff as

the acclaimed Oscar of the Waldoff as the acclaimed Oscar of the Waldoff as chef, and Bolt's capable wife overseeing chef, and Bolt's capable wife overseeing chef, and Bolt's capable wife overseeing the decor, there was no finer the decor, there was no finer the decor, there was no finer establishment. A regal fragrance wafted establishment. A regal fragrance wafted establishment. A regal fragrance wafted from every corner of the hotel with from every corner of the hotel with from every corner of the hotel with exquisite porcelain, exotic flowers, and exquisite porcelain, exotic flowers, and exquisite porcelain, exotic flowers, and expensive furniture decorating the expensive furniture decorating the expensive furniture decorating the halls, dining rooms, and suites. This halls, dining rooms, and suites. This halls, dining rooms, and suites. This was the alley where the peacocks came to was the alley where the peacocks came to was the alley where the peacocks came to strut. At over 6'2 in, and dressed in strut. At over 6'2 in, and dressed in strut. At over 6'2 in, and dressed in suede high tops, tails, cane, top hat, suede high tops, tails, cane, top hat, suede high tops, tails, cane, top hat, and everpresent white gloves, Nicola and everpresent white gloves, Nicola and everpresent white gloves, Nicola Tesla was one of the proudest and most Tesla was one of the proudest and most Tesla was one of the proudest and most renowned. renowned. renowned. The SpanishAmerican War dragged on The SpanishAmerican War dragged on The SpanishAmerican War dragged on through most of 1898 as Tesla continued through most of 1898 as Tesla continued through most of 1898 as Tesla continued to try to exploit his telematan for use to try to exploit his telematan for use to try to exploit his telematan for use as a naval weapon. He had offered his as a naval weapon. He had offered his as a naval weapon. He had offered his wireless transmitters to aid in the wireless transmitters to aid in the wireless transmitters to aid in the organizing of ship and troop movements, organizing of ship and troop movements, organizing of ship and troop movements, but was turned down by the Secretary of but was turned down by the Secretary of but was turned down by the Secretary of the Navy for fear, as Tesla reported a the Navy for fear, as Tesla reported a the Navy for fear, as Tesla reported a year later, and that I might cause a year later, and that I might cause a year later, and that I might cause a calamity, as sparks are apt to fly calamity, as sparks are apt to fly calamity, as sparks are apt to fly anywhere in the neighborhood of such anywhere in the neighborhood of such anywhere in the neighborhood of such apparatus when it is at work. Tesla apparatus when it is at work. Tesla apparatus when it is at work. Tesla tried to guarantee that he had overcome tried to guarantee that he had overcome tried to guarantee that he had overcome these defects and limitations, but it these defects and limitations, but it these defects and limitations, but it was to no avail. Public demonstrations was to no avail. Public demonstrations was to no avail. Public demonstrations and photographs of lightning bolts and photographs of lightning bolts and photographs of lightning bolts spewing from his ingenuity worked to spewing from his ingenuity worked to spewing from his ingenuity worked to hinder any assurances he might give.

hinder any assurances he might give. hinder any assurances he might give. Instead, during the conflict, the Navy Instead, during the conflict, the Navy Instead, during the conflict, the Navy utilized hot air balloons connected to utilized hot air balloons connected to utilized hot air balloons connected to ships by telegraph lines instead. Being ships by telegraph lines instead. Being ships by telegraph lines instead. Being up in one would make a man's hair turn up in one would make a man's hair turn up in one would make a man's hair turn white since the balloon was an easy white since the balloon was an easy white since the balloon was an easy target. The soldiers had to obey orders target. The soldiers had to obey orders target. The soldiers had to obey orders and that was all there was to it. Tesla and that was all there was to it. Tesla and that was all there was to it. Tesla contacted ship builder Mr. Nixon, contacted ship builder Mr. Nixon, contacted ship builder Mr. Nixon, designer of the Oregon, the Villard designer of the Oregon, the Villard designer of the Oregon, the Villard ocean liner he had fixed while working ocean liner he had fixed while working ocean liner he had fixed while working for Tom Edison in 1884 and also for Tom Edison in 1884 and also for Tom Edison in 1884 and also submarine builder John P. Holland. Two submarine builder John P. Holland. Two submarine builder John P. Holland. Two years later, Holland would sell the Navy years later, Holland would sell the Navy years later, Holland would sell the Navy its first submersible. It would weigh a its first submersible. It would weigh a its first submersible. It would weigh a commanding 74 tons and become a commanding 74 tons and become a commanding 74 tons and become a quintessential fighting machine. But in quintessential fighting machine. But in quintessential fighting machine. But in 1898, he was still having difficulty 1898, he was still having difficulty 1898, he was still having difficulty negotiating a deal. The Navy Department negotiating a deal. The Navy Department negotiating a deal. The Navy Department was obliged to decline Holland's offer was obliged to decline Holland's offer was obliged to decline Holland's offer to go into Santiago Harbor and destroy to go into Santiago Harbor and destroy to go into Santiago Harbor and destroy the Spanish warships as it smacked of the Spanish warships as it smacked of the Spanish warships as it smacked of privateeering and was in violation of privateeering and was in violation of privateeering and was in violation of international law. And Tesla also international law. And Tesla also international law. And Tesla also invited military personnel to his invited military personnel to his invited military personnel to his laboratory, particularly US Navy Rear laboratory, particularly US Navy Rear laboratory, particularly US Navy Rear Admiral Francis J. Higginson, chairman Admiral Francis J. Higginson, chairman Admiral Francis J. Higginson, chairman of the Lighthouse Board, to discuss the of the Lighthouse Board, to discuss the of the Lighthouse Board, to discuss the use of his wireless transmitters. But use of his wireless transmitters. But use of his wireless transmitters. But dealing with the government was anything dealing with the government was anything dealing with the government was anything but easy. During this period, in June but easy. During this period, in June but easy. During this period, in June 1898, Richmond Pearson Hobson rocketed 1898, Richmond Pearson Hobson rocketed 1898, Richmond Pearson Hobson rocketed to stardom, capturing the hearts of to stardom, capturing the hearts of to stardom, capturing the hearts of America through his heroic efforts in America through his heroic efforts in America through his heroic efforts in the war. A few months later, Hobson the war. A few months later, Hobson the war. A few months later, Hobson would become the key attraction of the would become the key attraction of the would become the key attraction of the Tesla Johnson social net. And a decade Tesla Johnson social net. And a decade Tesla Johnson social net. And a decade after that, his fame so well

after that, his fame so well after that, his fame so well established, he would become a established, he would become a established, he would become a presidential candidate. On June 4th, the presidential candidate. On June 4th, the presidential candidate. On June 4th, the New York Times reported that a bold New York Times reported that a bold New York Times reported that a bold American fighting frigot, the Marimac, American fighting frigot, the Marimac, American fighting frigot, the Marimac, had made a dash into Santiago Harbor had made a dash into Santiago Harbor had made a dash into Santiago Harbor under a lively canonade of fire in under a lively canonade of fire in under a lively canonade of fire in attempts to attack the waiting Spanish attempts to attack the waiting Spanish attempts to attack the waiting Spanish Amada. The ship was sunk and an officer, Amada. The ship was sunk and an officer, Amada. The ship was sunk and an officer, an engineer, and six seaman were taken an engineer, and six seaman were taken an engineer, and six seaman were taken prisoners. The Times concluded, prisoners. The Times concluded, prisoners. The Times concluded, "Everybody is astounded at the audacity "Everybody is astounded at the audacity "Everybody is astounded at the audacity of the American vessel." The following of the American vessel." The following of the American vessel." The following day, it was revealed that enemy fire had day, it was revealed that enemy fire had day, it was revealed that enemy fire had not sunk the ship at all. Rather, it had not sunk the ship at all. Rather, it had not sunk the ship at all. Rather, it had been deliberately scuttled by Lieutenant been deliberately scuttled by Lieutenant been deliberately scuttled by Lieutenant Hobson for the purpose of locking in the Hobson for the purpose of locking in the Hobson for the purpose of locking in the harbor the entire Spanish fleet. This harbor the entire Spanish fleet. This harbor the entire Spanish fleet. This splendid stroke effectively removed the splendid stroke effectively removed the splendid stroke effectively removed the feared Admiral Sea from the war. In a feared Admiral Sea from the war. In a feared Admiral Sea from the war. In a day, in an hour, the potent allpervading day, in an hour, the potent allpervading day, in an hour, the potent allpervading force of electricity flashed his fame force of electricity flashed his fame force of electricity flashed his fame over the round world. As Hobson was over the round world. As Hobson was over the round world. As Hobson was imprisoned in the dungeon of Mororrow imprisoned in the dungeon of Mororrow imprisoned in the dungeon of Mororrow Castle, he continued to make headlines Castle, he continued to make headlines Castle, he continued to make headlines as the world waited for the war to end as the world waited for the war to end as the world waited for the war to end and his hope for and his hope for and his hope for release. As ever, Catherine continued to release. As ever, Catherine continued to release. As ever, Catherine continued to spread her Irish charms, inviting the spread her Irish charms, inviting the spread her Irish charms, inviting the Serbian mystic to dinner so that she Serbian mystic to dinner so that she Serbian mystic to dinner so that she could be hypnotized by his presence. The could be hypnotized by his presence. The could be hypnotized by his presence. The very day of the sinking of the very day of the sinking of the very day of the sinking of the Marrammac, the inventor received the Marrammac, the inventor received the Marrammac, the inventor received the following provocative missive. June the following provocative missive. June the following provocative missive. June the 6th, 6th, 6th, 1898. Dear Mr. Tesla, I want very much 1898. Dear Mr. Tesla, I want very much 1898. Dear Mr. Tesla, I want very much to see you tomorrow evening, and will be to see you tomorrow evening, and will be to see you tomorrow evening, and will be really disappointed if you do not think really disappointed if you do not think really disappointed if you do not think my request worthy of your consideration.

my request worthy of your consideration. my request worthy of your consideration. Robert is giving himself a birthday Robert is giving himself a birthday Robert is giving himself a birthday party, and he's going to have some of party, and he's going to have some of party, and he's going to have some of your Servian songs sung. You must save your Servian songs sung. You must save your Servian songs sung. You must save this evening for us. After this date, this evening for us. After this date, this evening for us. After this date, I'm going away to Washington for a I'm going away to Washington for a I'm going away to Washington for a visit. So, if anybody cares to see Mrs. visit. So, if anybody cares to see Mrs. visit. So, if anybody cares to see Mrs. Philippov. When you come tomorrow Philippov. When you come tomorrow Philippov. When you come tomorrow evening, we'll talk about the hand which evening, we'll talk about the hand which evening, we'll talk about the hand which is before me now, but which is doomed to is before me now, but which is doomed to is before me now, but which is doomed to seclusion. I cannot stand it. It is too seclusion. I cannot stand it. It is too seclusion. I cannot stand it. It is too strong, too virile. When I enter the strong, too virile. When I enter the strong, too virile. When I enter the room without thinking, it makes me room without thinking, it makes me room without thinking, it makes me start. It is the only thing in it. But start. It is the only thing in it. But start. It is the only thing in it. But it is not satisfactory, for it does not it is not satisfactory, for it does not it is not satisfactory, for it does not give the proper idea of your hand, which give the proper idea of your hand, which give the proper idea of your hand, which is large and free. Like yourself, this is large and free. Like yourself, this is large and free. Like yourself, this seems sticky, short. I know what causes seems sticky, short. I know what causes seems sticky, short. I know what causes this. It is the shadows. You must try this. It is the shadows. You must try this. It is the shadows. You must try again and make your hand be as large and again and make your hand be as large and again and make your hand be as large and grand as it is. Faithfully yours, grand as it is. Faithfully yours, grand as it is. Faithfully yours, Katherine Johnson. In January, Tesla had Katherine Johnson. In January, Tesla had Katherine Johnson. In January, Tesla had published a full- page photograph of his published a full- page photograph of his published a full- page photograph of his hand for electrical review in his hand for electrical review in his hand for electrical review in his attempts to dramatically display the attempts to dramatically display the attempts to dramatically display the improvements he had made in the improvements he had made in the improvements he had made in the efficiency of his vacuum lamps. Every efficiency of his vacuum lamps. Every efficiency of his vacuum lamps. Every line on the palm was visible, so line on the palm was visible, so line on the palm was visible, so effective was the illuminant, although, effective was the illuminant, although, effective was the illuminant, although, as Catherine points out, the shape is as Catherine points out, the shape is as Catherine points out, the shape is marred by an underlying shadow. The marred by an underlying shadow. The marred by an underlying shadow. The famous palmist Cairo was the rage of the famous palmist Cairo was the rage of the famous palmist Cairo was the rage of the day having published analyses of the day having published analyses of the day having published analyses of the hands of such celebrities as Tom Edison, hands of such celebrities as Tom Edison, hands of such celebrities as Tom Edison, Sarah Banhart, and Theosophist Annie Sarah Banhart, and Theosophist Annie Sarah Banhart, and Theosophist Annie Bessant. Mark Twain commented, "Go has Bessant. Mark Twain commented, "Go has Bessant. Mark Twain commented, "Go has exposed my character to me with

exposed my character to me with exposed my character to me with humiliating accuracy. I ought not to humiliating accuracy. I ought not to humiliating accuracy. I ought not to confess this accuracy. Still, I am moved confess this accuracy. Still, I am moved confess this accuracy. Still, I am moved to do it." to do it." to do it." It seemed likely that Tesla's clever It seemed likely that Tesla's clever It seemed likely that Tesla's clever vanity had come upon a way to exploit vanity had come upon a way to exploit vanity had come upon a way to exploit his fluorescent tubes and at the same his fluorescent tubes and at the same his fluorescent tubes and at the same time reveal in a veiled way the time reveal in a veiled way the time reveal in a veiled way the magnanimity of his being by exposing his magnanimity of his being by exposing his magnanimity of his being by exposing his hand to the world. Referring to a hand to the world. Referring to a hand to the world. Referring to a professional palmist, Tesla's hand professional palmist, Tesla's hand professional palmist, Tesla's hand supposedly reveals a flirtatious streak supposedly reveals a flirtatious streak supposedly reveals a flirtatious streak and hyper sensitivity seen in the girdle and hyper sensitivity seen in the girdle and hyper sensitivity seen in the girdle of Venus. From the headline, incessant of Venus. From the headline, incessant of Venus. From the headline, incessant worries stemming from the past. a close worries stemming from the past. a close worries stemming from the past. a close association with his mother because it association with his mother because it association with his mother because it is tied to the heartline, an irrational is tied to the heartline, an irrational is tied to the heartline, an irrational streak and blind spot in his thinking streak and blind spot in his thinking streak and blind spot in his thinking due to chaining an undulating course and due to chaining an undulating course and due to chaining an undulating course and foreshortening of the line. And all of foreshortening of the line. And all of foreshortening of the line. And all of this is counterbalanced by a remarkable this is counterbalanced by a remarkable this is counterbalanced by a remarkable fate line which rising like a firm oak fate line which rising like a firm oak fate line which rising like a firm oak tree reveals stability, vision, creative tree reveals stability, vision, creative tree reveals stability, vision, creative aspiration, stubbornness, and an ability aspiration, stubbornness, and an ability aspiration, stubbornness, and an ability to withstand great stress and turmoil.

to withstand great stress and turmoil. to withstand great stress and turmoil. The fate line is the strongest line in The fate line is the strongest line in The fate line is the strongest line in the hand. During these months, playful the hand. During these months, playful the hand. During these months, playful banter peaked between the inventor and banter peaked between the inventor and banter peaked between the inventor and the elusive Madame Filipof. It seems she the elusive Madame Filipof. It seems she the elusive Madame Filipof. It seems she tried to get Tesla married. In February, tried to get Tesla married. In February, tried to get Tesla married. In February, Catherine wrote, "Another charming lady Catherine wrote, "Another charming lady Catherine wrote, "Another charming lady is to be here who does not believe that is to be here who does not believe that is to be here who does not believe that you are my friend, that I even know you. you are my friend, that I even know you. you are my friend, that I even know you. I wish to convince her that you are on I wish to convince her that you are on I wish to convince her that you are on my list, and you shall sit beside her. my list, and you shall sit beside her. my list, and you shall sit beside her. Come and shed the radiance of your happy Come and shed the radiance of your happy Come and shed the radiance of your happy countenance upon us all, especially the countenance upon us all, especially the countenance upon us all, especially the Johnson's. In March, she demands Tesla Johnson's. In March, she demands Tesla Johnson's. In March, she demands Tesla join them for lunch, to bring solace to join them for lunch, to bring solace to join them for lunch, to bring solace to your friends, and a few days later your friends, and a few days later your friends, and a few days later invites him over again. A very charming invites him over again. A very charming invites him over again. A very charming girl is to be here, who wants very much girl is to be here, who wants very much girl is to be here, who wants very much to meet Mr. Tesla. A real one, I assure to meet Mr. Tesla. A real one, I assure to meet Mr. Tesla. A real one, I assure you. Desler decides to have everyone for you. Desler decides to have everyone for you. Desler decides to have everyone for dinner first and writes, "I shall send dinner first and writes, "I shall send dinner first and writes, "I shall send my private equipage to dine at the my private equipage to dine at the my private equipage to dine at the Waldoff, and I am getting up the Waldoff, and I am getting up the Waldoff, and I am getting up the appetite for the occasion." Fesa's appetite for the occasion." Fesa's appetite for the occasion." Fesa's celibacy has always been a question celibacy has always been a question celibacy has always been a question mark. It seems probable that he and mark. It seems probable that he and mark. It seems probable that he and Catherine had engaged in a sticky Catherine had engaged in a sticky Catherine had engaged in a sticky liaison a few years earlier, but at this liaison a few years earlier, but at this liaison a few years earlier, but at this stage, due in part to Catherine's stage, due in part to Catherine's stage, due in part to Catherine's arrangements, Tesla had become active arrangements, Tesla had become active arrangements, Tesla had become active with other women, and Catherine had with other women, and Catherine had with other women, and Catherine had enjoyed his pleasures vicariously.

enjoyed his pleasures vicariously. enjoyed his pleasures vicariously. Three ladies who interested him were Three ladies who interested him were Three ladies who interested him were Mrs. Winslow, Mr. Marcia Kushner and Mrs. Winslow, Mr. Marcia Kushner and Mrs. Winslow, Mr. Marcia Kushner and Miss Margarite Marrington. The first, Miss Margarite Marrington. The first, Miss Margarite Marrington. The first, alas, was married. To the second, Tesla alas, was married. To the second, Tesla alas, was married. To the second, Tesla wanted to display his inventions at his wanted to display his inventions at his wanted to display his inventions at his laboratory. And there is another reason laboratory. And there is another reason laboratory. And there is another reason why she should come, but that is why she should come, but that is why she should come, but that is difficult to say. Well, I do not want to difficult to say. Well, I do not want to difficult to say. Well, I do not want to say anything disparaging of a lady. for say anything disparaging of a lady. for say anything disparaging of a lady. for yet another Johnson blowout. Tesla wrote yet another Johnson blowout. Tesla wrote yet another Johnson blowout. Tesla wrote concerning the third lady. I'd sooner be concerning the third lady. I'd sooner be concerning the third lady. I'd sooner be glad to rely on your choice, and only glad to rely on your choice, and only glad to rely on your choice, and only remember to suggest Miss Marington if remember to suggest Miss Marington if remember to suggest Miss Marington if she would come. I know I would be her she would come. I know I would be her she would come. I know I would be her victim before dinner, but after that I victim before dinner, but after that I victim before dinner, but after that I think I could hold my own, for she does think I could hold my own, for she does think I could hold my own, for she does not drink Clarret. And a few months not drink Clarret. And a few months not drink Clarret. And a few months later, March 9th, later, March 9th, later, March 9th, 1899. My dear Mrs. Johnson, I shall be 1899. My dear Mrs. Johnson, I shall be 1899. My dear Mrs. Johnson, I shall be glad to have any of your friends come, glad to have any of your friends come, glad to have any of your friends come, but we must have one lady for each but we must have one lady for each but we must have one lady for each gentleman, else you must dine without gentleman, else you must dine without gentleman, else you must dine without me. Agnes must come by all means. And me. Agnes must come by all means. And me. Agnes must come by all means. And wouldn't you invite Miss Marington? She wouldn't you invite Miss Marington? She wouldn't you invite Miss Marington? She is such a wonderfully clever woman. I is such a wonderfully clever woman. I is such a wonderfully clever woman. I would say wise, had she but married.

would say wise, had she but married. would say wise, had she but married. Really, I would like to have her with Really, I would like to have her with Really, I would like to have her with us. Sincerely, Nicholas I of Hston us. Sincerely, Nicholas I of Hston us. Sincerely, Nicholas I of Hston Street. Born in England, Margarite Street. Born in England, Margarite Street. Born in England, Margarite Marrington was raised an [Music] [Music] accommoding to move to New York City to accommoding to move to New York City to accommoding to move to New York City to follow her passion of romantic author, follow her passion of romantic author, follow her passion of romantic author, Miss Marington first made headlines in Miss Marington first made headlines in Miss Marington first made headlines in 1891 with her well-received romantic 1891 with her well-received romantic 1891 with her well-received romantic play Letter Blair. This success was play Letter Blair. This success was play Letter Blair. This success was followed two years later when she won a followed two years later when she won a followed two years later when she won a $500 prize from the National $500 prize from the National $500 prize from the National Conservatory of Music for her liberto Conservatory of Music for her liberto Conservatory of Music for her liberto Daphne which was reviewed by among Daphne which was reviewed by among Daphne which was reviewed by among others Antonine Devorjac. Tall, others Antonine Devorjac. Tall, others Antonine Devorjac. Tall, graceful, and charming, the regal Miss graceful, and charming, the regal Miss graceful, and charming, the regal Miss Marrington was a frequent dinner guest Marrington was a frequent dinner guest Marrington was a frequent dinner guest at the Johnson home. An integral part of at the Johnson home. An integral part of at the Johnson home. An integral part of the Grammarly Park set, Miss Marington the Grammarly Park set, Miss Marington the Grammarly Park set, Miss Marington accompanied the young Owen Johnson to accompanied the young Owen Johnson to accompanied the young Owen Johnson to Mark Twain's birthday party in 1905 and Mark Twain's birthday party in 1905 and Mark Twain's birthday party in 1905 and maintained her creative spark throughout maintained her creative spark throughout maintained her creative spark throughout her life, writing a book on General her life, writing a book on General her life, writing a book on General Kuster and his wife in 1950, the year Kuster and his wife in 1950, the year Kuster and his wife in 1950, the year before she died unmarried at the age of before she died unmarried at the age of before she died unmarried at the age of 91. In August 1898, John Jacob Aster 91. In August 1898, John Jacob Aster 91. In August 1898, John Jacob Aster returned from the battlegrounds. But it returned from the battlegrounds. But it returned from the battlegrounds. But it was not until December that Tesla met was not until December that Tesla met was not until December that Tesla met with Aster at his home. While Jack was with Aster at his home. While Jack was with Aster at his home. While Jack was considered by many to be cold-hearted, considered by many to be cold-hearted, considered by many to be cold-hearted, humorless, weak-minded, and almost humorless, weak-minded, and almost humorless, weak-minded, and almost completely absent of personality, his completely absent of personality, his completely absent of personality, his wife Ava was seen as the most beautiful wife Ava was seen as the most beautiful wife Ava was seen as the most beautiful woman in America. Tesla was particularly

woman in America. Tesla was particularly woman in America. Tesla was particularly taken by Lady A's loveliness, and it taken by Lady A's loveliness, and it taken by Lady A's loveliness, and it seems that she was enthralled by the seems that she was enthralled by the seems that she was enthralled by the inventor's experiments. The three dined inventor's experiments. The three dined inventor's experiments. The three dined together on occasion at Del Monaco's or together on occasion at Del Monaco's or together on occasion at Del Monaco's or the Waldoff, and when Tesla arrived at the Waldoff, and when Tesla arrived at the Waldoff, and when Tesla arrived at the AA's residence, he often brought the AA's residence, he often brought the AA's residence, he often brought along a bouquet of flowers. But although along a bouquet of flowers. But although along a bouquet of flowers. But although Ava sparkled at every lighted candle, Ava sparkled at every lighted candle, Ava sparkled at every lighted candle, and Jack followed her about like a and Jack followed her about like a and Jack followed her about like a bedraggled and slightly bad-tempered bedraggled and slightly bad-tempered bedraggled and slightly bad-tempered spananiel, all was not well with the spananiel, all was not well with the spananiel, all was not well with the marriage. Where Aster was able to leave marriage. Where Aster was able to leave marriage. Where Aster was able to leave his exquisite wife for months on end, his exquisite wife for months on end, his exquisite wife for months on end, touring the high seas for adventure and touring the high seas for adventure and touring the high seas for adventure and the noble cause, she retreated by the noble cause, she retreated by the noble cause, she retreated by entertaining a zealous interest in entertaining a zealous interest in entertaining a zealous interest in bridge. Thus, even though Ava was on his bridge. Thus, even though Ava was on his bridge. Thus, even though Ava was on his side, the inventor was uncertain of his side, the inventor was uncertain of his side, the inventor was uncertain of his standing. standing. standing. My dear Aster, Tesla began. I would like My dear Aster, Tesla began. I would like My dear Aster, Tesla began. I would like to explain why I could not go down to to explain why I could not go down to to explain why I could not go down to Cuba with you. I understand, Aster Cuba with you. I understand, Aster Cuba with you. I understand, Aster replied. During the gunfire, perhaps replied. During the gunfire, perhaps replied. During the gunfire, perhaps that is when it dawned on me. I realized that is when it dawned on me. I realized that is when it dawned on me. I realized that your life was too precious to risk that your life was too precious to risk that your life was too precious to risk on such a trip. I see, however, from on such a trip. I see, however, from on such a trip. I see, however, from recent reports that you have been recent reports that you have been recent reports that you have been attacked after all, but it has been by attacked after all, but it has been by attacked after all, but it has been by reporters instead. I am glad, Tesla reporters instead. I am glad, Tesla reporters instead. I am glad, Tesla quipped, that I am living in a place in quipped, that I am living in a place in quipped, that I am living in a place in which, though they can roast me in the which, though they can roast me in the which, though they can roast me in the papers, they cannot burn me at the papers, they cannot burn me at the papers, they cannot burn me at the stake. Tesla thereupon called a meeting stake. Tesla thereupon called a meeting stake. Tesla thereupon called a meeting with Aster and two of his cronies, Mr.

with Aster and two of his cronies, Mr. with Aster and two of his cronies, Mr. Clarence McKay and Mr. Darius Ogden Clarence McKay and Mr. Darius Ogden Clarence McKay and Mr. Darius Ogden Mills so that he could display his Mills so that he could display his Mills so that he could display his continuing progress with his oscillators continuing progress with his oscillators continuing progress with his oscillators and fluorescent lights as well as show and fluorescent lights as well as show and fluorescent lights as well as show them patent applications, articles which them patent applications, articles which them patent applications, articles which had appeared in the technical journals had appeared in the technical journals had appeared in the technical journals and reports on tests performed by the and reports on tests performed by the and reports on tests performed by the Royal Society in London and the Roten Royal Society in London and the Roten Royal Society in London and the Roten Society in Germany. Let me read you the Society in Germany. Let me read you the Society in Germany. Let me read you the following dispatch from Sir William following dispatch from Sir William following dispatch from Sir William Krooks. Tesla said, Krooks. Tesla said, Krooks. Tesla said, "Congratulations, the performance of "Congratulations, the performance of "Congratulations, the performance of your machine is marvelous." and Tesla your machine is marvelous." and Tesla your machine is marvelous." and Tesla presented another report which hailed presented another report which hailed presented another report which hailed his oscillator as one of the most his oscillator as one of the most his oscillator as one of the most significant of the significant of the significant of the age. You will see how many enterprises age. You will see how many enterprises age. You will see how many enterprises can be built up on that novel principle, can be built up on that novel principle, can be built up on that novel principle, Colonel. It is for a reason that I am Colonel. It is for a reason that I am Colonel. It is for a reason that I am often and violently attacked because my often and violently attacked because my often and violently attacked because my inventions threaten a number of inventions threaten a number of inventions threaten a number of established industries. My teley established industries. My teley established industries. My teley automatan, for instance, opens up a new automatan, for instance, opens up a new automatan, for instance, opens up a new art which will sooner or later render art which will sooner or later render art which will sooner or later render large guns entirely useless and will large guns entirely useless and will large guns entirely useless and will make impossible the building of large make impossible the building of large make impossible the building of large battleships and will, as I have stated battleships and will, as I have stated battleships and will, as I have stated in my patent long before the Zar's in my patent long before the Zar's in my patent long before the Zar's manifesto, compel the nations to come to manifesto, compel the nations to come to manifesto, compel the nations to come to an understanding for the maintenance of an understanding for the maintenance of an understanding for the maintenance of peace. You are taking too many leaps for peace. You are taking too many leaps for peace. You are taking too many leaps for me, Esther said, causing the others to me, Esther said, causing the others to me, Esther said, causing the others to reconsider as well. Let us stick to the reconsider as well. Let us stick to the reconsider as well. Let us stick to the oscillators and cold lights. Let me see oscillators and cold lights. Let me see oscillators and cold lights. Let me see some success in the marketplace with some success in the marketplace with some success in the marketplace with these two enterprises before you go off these two enterprises before you go off these two enterprises before you go off saving the world with an invention of an saving the world with an invention of an saving the world with an invention of an entirely different order and then I will entirely different order and then I will entirely different order and then I will commit more than my good wishes. Stop in

commit more than my good wishes. Stop in commit more than my good wishes. Stop in again when you have a sound proposal or again when you have a sound proposal or again when you have a sound proposal or call me on the call me on the call me on the telephone. Tesla waited until the new telephone. Tesla waited until the new telephone. Tesla waited until the new year and then hit the colonel with a year and then hit the colonel with a year and then hit the colonel with a direct assault. My dear Aster, Tesla direct assault. My dear Aster, Tesla direct assault. My dear Aster, Tesla said, "It has always been my firm belief said, "It has always been my firm belief said, "It has always been my firm belief that you take a genuine friendly that you take a genuine friendly that you take a genuine friendly interest in myself personally as well as interest in myself personally as well as interest in myself personally as well as in my labors. Now I ask you frankly, in my labors. Now I ask you frankly, in my labors. Now I ask you frankly, when I have a friend like JJ, a prince when I have a friend like JJ, a prince when I have a friend like JJ, a prince among wealthy men, a patriot ready to among wealthy men, a patriot ready to among wealthy men, a patriot ready to risk his life for his country, a man who risk his life for his country, a man who risk his life for his country, a man who means every word he says, who puts such means every word he says, who puts such means every word he says, who puts such a value on my labors, and who offers a value on my labors, and who offers a value on my labors, and who offers repeatedly to back me up? Have I not a repeatedly to back me up? Have I not a repeatedly to back me up? Have I not a foundation for believing that he would foundation for believing that he would foundation for believing that he would stand by me when, after several years of stand by me when, after several years of stand by me when, after several years of hard work, I have finally brought to hard work, I have finally brought to hard work, I have finally brought to commercial perfection some important commercial perfection some important commercial perfection some important inventions which even at the most inventions which even at the most inventions which even at the most conservative estimate must be valued at conservative estimate must be valued at conservative estimate must be valued at several million dollars. several million dollars. several million dollars. informing Aster that George Westinghouse informing Aster that George Westinghouse informing Aster that George Westinghouse had given him $500,000 for the AC had given him $500,000 for the AC had given him $500,000 for the AC polyphase system and that Edward Dean polyphase system and that Edward Dean polyphase system and that Edward Dean Adams had invested $100,000 to become a Adams had invested $100,000 to become a Adams had invested $100,000 to become a partner in his latest endeavors when he partner in his latest endeavors when he partner in his latest endeavors when he had 14 new US and as many foreign had 14 new US and as many foreign had 14 new US and as many foreign patents. Tesla remarked that there was a patents. Tesla remarked that there was a patents. Tesla remarked that there was a powerful clique which still now opposed powerful clique which still now opposed powerful clique which still now opposed him. And it is chiefly for this reason him. And it is chiefly for this reason him. And it is chiefly for this reason that I want a few friends like yourself that I want a few friends like yourself that I want a few friends like yourself to give me at this moment their valuable to give me at this moment their valuable to give me at this moment their valuable financial and moral support. Having financial and moral support. Having financial and moral support. Having placed faith in AA's words, Tesla placed faith in AA's words, Tesla placed faith in AA's words, Tesla reveals that he had sold off securities

reveals that he had sold off securities reveals that he had sold off securities to buy back control of his company, to buy back control of his company, to buy back control of his company, although Mr. Adams still has a minority although Mr. Adams still has a minority although Mr. Adams still has a minority interest. Having stated that his interest. Having stated that his interest. Having stated that his laboratory in the past has paid laboratory in the past has paid laboratory in the past has paid $1,500 for every $100 invested on the $1,500 for every $100 invested on the $1,500 for every $100 invested on the average, the inventor proclaims, "I am average, the inventor proclaims, "I am average, the inventor proclaims, "I am fully confident that the property which fully confident that the property which fully confident that the property which I have now in my hands will pay much I have now in my hands will pay much I have now in my hands will pay much better than this. I now produce a light better than this. I now produce a light better than this. I now produce a light superior by far to that of the superior by far to that of the superior by far to that of the incandescent lamp, with onethird of the incandescent lamp, with onethird of the incandescent lamp, with onethird of the expenditure of energy, and as my lamps expenditure of energy, and as my lamps expenditure of energy, and as my lamps will last forever, the cost of will last forever, the cost of will last forever, the cost of maintenance will be minute. The cost of maintenance will be minute. The cost of maintenance will be minute. The cost of copper, which in the old system is a copper, which in the old system is a copper, which in the old system is a most important item, is in mine reduced most important item, is in mine reduced most important item, is in mine reduced to a mere trifle. For I can run on a to a mere trifle. For I can run on a to a mere trifle. For I can run on a wire sufficient for one incandescent wire sufficient for one incandescent wire sufficient for one incandescent lamp more than 1,000 of my own lamps, lamp more than 1,000 of my own lamps, lamp more than 1,000 of my own lamps, giving fully 5,000 times as much light. giving fully 5,000 times as much light. giving fully 5,000 times as much light. Let me ask you, Colonel, how much is Let me ask you, Colonel, how much is Let me ask you, Colonel, how much is this alone worth when you consider that this alone worth when you consider that this alone worth when you consider that there are hundreds of millions of there are hundreds of millions of there are hundreds of millions of dollars invested today in electric light dollars invested today in electric light dollars invested today in electric light in the various chief countries in which in the various chief countries in which in the various chief countries in which I have patented my inventions in this I have patented my inventions in this I have patented my inventions in this field? Sooner or later, Tesla continues, field? Sooner or later, Tesla continues, field? Sooner or later, Tesla continues, "My system will be purchased either by "My system will be purchased either by "My system will be purchased either by the Whitney Syndicate, GE, or the Whitney Syndicate, GE, or the Whitney Syndicate, GE, or Westinghouse, for otherwise they will be Westinghouse, for otherwise they will be Westinghouse, for otherwise they will be driven out of the market." The inventor driven out of the market." The inventor driven out of the market." The inventor closed. Then consider my oscillators and closed. Then consider my oscillators and closed. Then consider my oscillators and my system of transmitting power without my system of transmitting power without my system of transmitting power without wires. My method of directing the wires. My method of directing the wires. My method of directing the movement of bodies at a distance by movement of bodies at a distance by movement of bodies at a distance by wireless telegraphy, the manufacturer of wireless telegraphy, the manufacturer of wireless telegraphy, the manufacturer of fertilizers and nitric acid from the fertilizers and nitric acid from the fertilizers and nitric acid from the air, the production of ozone and many

air, the production of ozone and many air, the production of ozone and many other important lines of manufacturer as other important lines of manufacturer as other important lines of manufacturer as for instance cheap refrigeration and for instance cheap refrigeration and for instance cheap refrigeration and cheap manufacturer of liquid air etc. cheap manufacturer of liquid air etc. cheap manufacturer of liquid air etc. and you will see that putting a fair and you will see that putting a fair and you will see that putting a fair estimate on all, I cannot offer to sell estimate on all, I cannot offer to sell estimate on all, I cannot offer to sell any considerable amount of my property any considerable amount of my property any considerable amount of my property for less than $1,000 a share. I am for less than $1,000 a share. I am for less than $1,000 a share. I am perfectly sure that I will be able to perfectly sure that I will be able to perfectly sure that I will be able to command that price as soon as some of my command that price as soon as some of my command that price as soon as some of my inventions are on the market. telling inventions are on the market. telling inventions are on the market. telling Aster that he had contracts pending with Aster that he had contracts pending with Aster that he had contracts pending with the Cruso Works in France, the Helios the Cruso Works in France, the Helios the Cruso Works in France, the Helios company in Germany, Gansen Company in company in Germany, Gansen Company in company in Germany, Gansen Company in Austria, and other firms. Tesla Austria, and other firms. Tesla Austria, and other firms. Tesla requested an investment of requested an investment of requested an investment of $100,000. If you do not take that much $100,000. If you do not take that much $100,000. If you do not take that much interest, you will put me at a great interest, you will put me at a great interest, you will put me at a great disadvantage. Should Aster come in, disadvantage. Should Aster come in, disadvantage. Should Aster come in, other Aster associates such as Mr. McCay other Aster associates such as Mr. McCay other Aster associates such as Mr. McCay and Daryus Ogden Mills would do the and Daryus Ogden Mills would do the and Daryus Ogden Mills would do the same. If Tesla wrote, "After 6 months, same. If Tesla wrote, "After 6 months, same. If Tesla wrote, "After 6 months, you should have any reason to be you should have any reason to be you should have any reason to be dissatisfied, it will be my first duty dissatisfied, it will be my first duty dissatisfied, it will be my first duty to satisfy you." Aster stressed interest to satisfy you." Aster stressed interest to satisfy you." Aster stressed interest in seeing Tesla exploit his fluorescent in seeing Tesla exploit his fluorescent in seeing Tesla exploit his fluorescent lights, and the inventor agreed. On lights, and the inventor agreed. On lights, and the inventor agreed. On January the 10th, 1899, papers were January the 10th, 1899, papers were January the 10th, 1899, papers were signed whereby Aster gave Tesla signed whereby Aster gave Tesla signed whereby Aster gave Tesla $100,000 for 500 shares of the Tesla $100,000 for 500 shares of the Tesla $100,000 for 500 shares of the Tesla Electric Company. In return, Aster was Electric Company. In return, Aster was Electric Company. In return, Aster was elected director of the board. At the elected director of the board. At the elected director of the board. At the same time, Tesla moved into the Waldoff same time, Tesla moved into the Waldoff same time, Tesla moved into the Waldoff Histori. Tesla also received $10,000 Histori. Tesla also received $10,000 Histori. Tesla also received $10,000 from the dry goods manufacturer Simpson from the dry goods manufacturer Simpson from the dry goods manufacturer Simpson and Crawford, and he may also have

and Crawford, and he may also have and Crawford, and he may also have received funds from Mr. Mills or Mr. received funds from Mr. Mills or Mr. received funds from Mr. Mills or Mr. McCay. The old Tesla company with McCay. The old Tesla company with McCay. The old Tesla company with William Rankin and Edward D. Adams was William Rankin and Edward D. Adams was William Rankin and Edward D. Adams was for all intents and purposes dissolved for all intents and purposes dissolved for all intents and purposes dissolved along with his relationship with Alfred along with his relationship with Alfred along with his relationship with Alfred Brown and Charles Peek. Although all of Brown and Charles Peek. Although all of Brown and Charles Peek. Although all of these individuals may have in one way or these individuals may have in one way or these individuals may have in one way or another been involved in the new another been involved in the new another been involved in the new enterprise, the first letter on Waldorf enterprise, the first letter on Waldorf enterprise, the first letter on Waldorf stationary written to the Johnson's is stationary written to the Johnson's is stationary written to the Johnson's is dated November the 3rd, 1898. It is one dated November the 3rd, 1898. It is one dated November the 3rd, 1898. It is one of the rare letters in which Tesla of the rare letters in which Tesla of the rare letters in which Tesla refers to Mrs. Johnson as my dear Kate. refers to Mrs. Johnson as my dear Kate. refers to Mrs. Johnson as my dear Kate. Tesla was about to hook a big fish, Tesla was about to hook a big fish, Tesla was about to hook a big fish, perhaps the wealthiest fish on the perhaps the wealthiest fish on the perhaps the wealthiest fish on the planet, and his sense of self-importance planet, and his sense of self-importance planet, and his sense of self-importance escalated accordingly. In horty fanfare, escalated accordingly. In horty fanfare, escalated accordingly. In horty fanfare, the Serbian aristocrat separated his the Serbian aristocrat separated his the Serbian aristocrat separated his exalted ilk from other social exalted ilk from other social exalted ilk from other social tribolites, plebeians, drummers, grocery tribolites, plebeians, drummers, grocery tribolites, plebeians, drummers, grocery men and Jews. Anti-semitic references men and Jews. Anti-semitic references men and Jews. Anti-semitic references are rare in the Tesla correspondents, are rare in the Tesla correspondents, are rare in the Tesla correspondents, but no doubt he was anti-semitic, at but no doubt he was anti-semitic, at but no doubt he was anti-semitic, at least in the social sense, that is as a least in the social sense, that is as a least in the social sense, that is as a common reflection of the times.

common reflection of the times. common reflection of the times. Anti-semitism against ethnic ghetto Anti-semitism against ethnic ghetto Anti-semitism against ethnic ghetto dwellers such as those newly arrived in dwellers such as those newly arrived in dwellers such as those newly arrived in Williamsburg, Brooklyn, and New York's Williamsburg, Brooklyn, and New York's Williamsburg, Brooklyn, and New York's lower east side was common among the lower east side was common among the lower east side was common among the upper classes even though the upper classes even though the upper classes even though the Rothschilds, August Belmont, Jacob Rothschilds, August Belmont, Jacob Rothschilds, August Belmont, Jacob Schiff, and Bernard Baroo were well Schiff, and Bernard Baroo were well Schiff, and Bernard Baroo were well respected and known to be Jewish. It is respected and known to be Jewish. It is respected and known to be Jewish. It is however clear evidence of one of Tesla's however clear evidence of one of Tesla's however clear evidence of one of Tesla's prejudices. The letter also refers to prejudices. The letter also refers to prejudices. The letter also refers to Tesla's wish to meet Lieutenant Hobson, Tesla's wish to meet Lieutenant Hobson, Tesla's wish to meet Lieutenant Hobson, whose Cuban exploits have been featured whose Cuban exploits have been featured whose Cuban exploits have been featured in the century. "The interest in Hobson in the century. "The interest in Hobson in the century. "The interest in Hobson was at a fever heat at our offices," was at a fever heat at our offices," was at a fever heat at our offices," Johnson recalled. And the estimates of Johnson recalled. And the estimates of Johnson recalled. And the estimates of the sale of his proposed book ran into the sale of his proposed book ran into the sale of his proposed book ran into the hundred thousands. "Unfortunately, the hundred thousands. "Unfortunately, the hundred thousands. "Unfortunately, shortly after his account appeared, a shortly after his account appeared, a shortly after his account appeared, a scandalous event occurred which was scandalous event occurred which was scandalous event occurred which was egged on by the sensational press, and egged on by the sensational press, and egged on by the sensational press, and the idea for the book fell flat. The the idea for the book fell flat. The the idea for the book fell flat. The incident had to do with Hobson's incident had to do with Hobson's incident had to do with Hobson's handsome appearance and the inability of handsome appearance and the inability of handsome appearance and the inability of women to refrain from kissing him when women to refrain from kissing him when women to refrain from kissing him when he came into their midst. "I would have he came into their midst. "I would have he came into their midst. "I would have cut off my right arm rather than to cut off my right arm rather than to cut off my right arm rather than to offend one of those ladies," Hobson offend one of those ladies," Hobson offend one of those ladies," Hobson declared, concluding, "the cursing declared, concluding, "the cursing declared, concluding, "the cursing episodes, what little there was to them, episodes, what little there was to them, episodes, what little there was to them, were entirely beyond my control, and my were entirely beyond my control, and my were entirely beyond my control, and my conscience is clear." The clashing conscience is clear." The clashing conscience is clear." The clashing lieutenant was welll liked by Tesla and lieutenant was welll liked by Tesla and lieutenant was welll liked by Tesla and the Johnson's and his entree into their the Johnson's and his entree into their the Johnson's and his entree into their circle added a wonderful spark to their circle added a wonderful spark to their circle added a wonderful spark to their lives. He would join a group that lives. He would join a group that lives. He would join a group that included at this time the Gilders, Miss included at this time the Gilders, Miss included at this time the Gilders, Miss Kushner, Miss Marington, Mrs. Winslow, Kushner, Miss Marington, Mrs. Winslow, Kushner, Miss Marington, Mrs. Winslow, Mrs. Robinson, Mrs. Dodge, Rajar Kipley,

Mrs. Robinson, Mrs. Dodge, Rajar Kipley, Mrs. Robinson, Mrs. Dodge, Rajar Kipley, and John Mure. Playful jealousies became and John Mure. Playful jealousies became and John Mure. Playful jealousies became evident as Tesla and the Johnson's vi evident as Tesla and the Johnson's vi evident as Tesla and the Johnson's vi for the war hero's attention. Tesla for the war hero's attention. Tesla for the war hero's attention. Tesla daring even to tender to Hobson one lady daring even to tender to Hobson one lady daring even to tender to Hobson one lady with whom the inventor may have had with whom the inventor may have had with whom the inventor may have had intimate intimate intimate relations. Remember Luca Tesla teased relations. Remember Luca Tesla teased relations. Remember Luca Tesla teased Hobson does not belong to the Johnson's Hobson does not belong to the Johnson's Hobson does not belong to the Johnson's exclusively. I shall avenge myself on exclusively. I shall avenge myself on exclusively. I shall avenge myself on Madame Philip off by introducing him to Madame Philip off by introducing him to Madame Philip off by introducing him to Madame Kushner and somebody will be Madame Kushner and somebody will be Madame Kushner and somebody will be forgotten. Tesla spent many delightful forgotten. Tesla spent many delightful forgotten. Tesla spent many delightful hours with Hobson, inviting him to the hours with Hobson, inviting him to the hours with Hobson, inviting him to the laboratory, to dinner and out on the laboratory, to dinner and out on the laboratory, to dinner and out on the town. He is a fine fellow, the inventor town. He is a fine fellow, the inventor town. He is a fine fellow, the inventor concluded. Their friendship would last. concluded. Their friendship would last. concluded. Their friendship would last. Hobson, 28, a southerner, was a striking Hobson, 28, a southerner, was a striking Hobson, 28, a southerner, was a striking presence in his uniform with deep set presence in his uniform with deep set presence in his uniform with deep set penetrating eyes, hair swept back, a penetrating eyes, hair swept back, a penetrating eyes, hair swept back, a firm, prominent chin, and a handlebar firm, prominent chin, and a handlebar firm, prominent chin, and a handlebar mustache. A graduate of the US Naval mustache. A graduate of the US Naval mustache. A graduate of the US Naval Academy in 1889, he had spent three Academy in 1889, he had spent three Academy in 1889, he had spent three years in Paris studying at a maritime years in Paris studying at a maritime years in Paris studying at a maritime college and had worked for the Office of college and had worked for the Office of college and had worked for the Office of Naval Intelligence.

Naval Intelligence. Naval Intelligence. Gifted with a keen mind, Hobson had Gifted with a keen mind, Hobson had Gifted with a keen mind, Hobson had worked for the Secretary of the Navy worked for the Secretary of the Navy worked for the Secretary of the Navy during the China Japan War. His family during the China Japan War. His family during the China Japan War. His family on both sides included lawyers, judges, on both sides included lawyers, judges, on both sides included lawyers, judges, a governor, and a general. He was a a governor, and a general. He was a a governor, and a general. He was a ready-made hero, and he was a social ready-made hero, and he was a social ready-made hero, and he was a social catch of the First Order.