Josephus Book 27 From the Taking of Jerusalem by Titus to the Sedition of the Jews at Cyrene

the Wars of the Jews by Josephus the Wars of the Jews by Josephus translated by William Weston book 7 translated by William Weston book 7 translated by William Weston book 7 containing the interval of about three containing the interval of about three containing the interval of about three years from the taking of Jerusalem by years from the taking of Jerusalem by years from the taking of Jerusalem by Titus to this addition and serene to Titus to this addition and serene to Titus to this addition and serene to this addition at Cyrene chapter 1 how this addition at Cyrene chapter 1 how this addition at Cyrene chapter 1 how the entire city of Jerusalem was the entire city of Jerusalem was the entire city of Jerusalem was demolished accepting three towers and demolished accepting three towers and demolished accepting three towers and how Titus commanded his soldiers in a how Titus commanded his soldiers in a how Titus commanded his soldiers in a speech made to them and distributed speech made to them and distributed speech made to them and distributed rewards to them and then dismissed many rewards to them and then dismissed many rewards to them and then dismissed many of them one now as soon as the army had of them one now as soon as the army had of them one now as soon as the army had no more people to slay or to plunder no more people to slay or to plunder no more people to slay or to plunder because there remains none to the because there remains none to the because there remains none to the objects of their fury for they would not objects of their fury for they would not objects of their fury for they would not have spared any had that remains any have spared any had that remains any have spared any had that remains any other work to be done other work to be done other work to be done Caesar gave orders that they should now Caesar gave orders that they should now Caesar gave orders that they should now demolish the entire city and temple but demolish the entire city and temple but demolish the entire city and temple but should leave as many of the towers should leave as many of the towers should leave as many of the towers standing as were of the greatest standing as were of the greatest standing as were of the greatest eminency that is basalis and hipa kiss eminency that is basalis and hipa kiss eminency that is basalis and hipa kiss and Mariamne and too much of the wall as and Mariamne and too much of the wall as and Mariamne and too much of the wall as enclosed the city on the west side enclosed the city on the west side enclosed the city on the west side this wall was spared in order to afford this wall was spared in order to afford this wall was spared in order to afford a camp for such as were to lie in a camp for such as were to lie in a camp for such as were to lie in garrison as where the towers also spared garrison as where the towers also spared garrison as where the towers also spared in order to demonstrate to posterity in order to demonstrate to posterity in order to demonstrate to posterity what kind of city it was and how well what kind of city it was and how well what kind of city it was and how well fortified which the roman valour had fortified which the roman valour had fortified which the roman valour had subdued but for all the rest of the wall subdued but for all the rest of the wall subdued but for all the rest of the wall it was thoroughly laid even with the it was thoroughly laid even with the it was thoroughly laid even with the grounds by those that dug it up to the grounds by those that dug it up to the grounds by those that dug it up to the foundation but there was left nothing to foundation but there was left nothing to foundation but there was left nothing to make those that came thither believed make those that came thither believed make those that came thither believed that had ever been inhabited this was that had ever been inhabited this was that had ever been inhabited this was the end which Jerusalem came to by the the end which Jerusalem came to by the the end which Jerusalem came to by the madness of those that were for

madness of those that were for madness of those that were for innovations a city otherwise of great innovations a city otherwise of great innovations a city otherwise of great magnificence and of mighty fame among magnificence and of mighty fame among magnificence and of mighty fame among all mankind footnotes why the great book all mankind footnotes why the great book all mankind footnotes why the great book art should say that there are in this art should say that there are in this art should say that there are in this clause of Josephus as many mistakes as clause of Josephus as many mistakes as clause of Josephus as many mistakes as words I do by no means understand words I do by no means understand words I do by no means understand Josephus thought Melchizedek first built Josephus thought Melchizedek first built Josephus thought Melchizedek first built or rather rebuilt and adorned this city or rather rebuilt and adorned this city or rather rebuilt and adorned this city and that it was called Salem as Psalm 76 and that it was called Salem as Psalm 76 and that it was called Salem as Psalm 76 - afterwards came to be called Jerusalem - afterwards came to be called Jerusalem - afterwards came to be called Jerusalem and that Melchizedek being a priest as and that Melchizedek being a priest as and that Melchizedek being a priest as well as a king built to the true God well as a king built to the true God well as a king built to the true God there in a temple or placed for public there in a temple or placed for public there in a temple or placed for public divine worship and sacrifice all which divine worship and sacrifice all which divine worship and sacrifice all which things may be very true for all we know things may be very true for all we know things may be very true for all we know - the concert - the concert - the concert and for the word or temple as it must and for the word or temple as it must and for the word or temple as it must needs belong to the great temple built needs belong to the great temple built needs belong to the great temple built by Solomon long afterwards Josephus by Solomon long afterwards Josephus by Solomon long afterwards Josephus himself uses for the small tabernacle of himself uses for the small tabernacle of himself uses for the small tabernacle of Moses as he here presently uses for a Moses as he here presently uses for a Moses as he here presently uses for a large and splendid synagogue of the Jews large and splendid synagogue of the Jews large and splendid synagogue of the Jews at Antioch and footnote 2 but Caesar at Antioch and footnote 2 but Caesar at Antioch and footnote 2 but Caesar resolved to leave there as a guard the resolved to leave there as a guard the resolved to leave there as a guard the tenth Legion with certain troops of tenth Legion with certain troops of tenth Legion with certain troops of horsemen and companies of footmen so horsemen and companies of footmen so horsemen and companies of footmen so having entirely completed this war he having entirely completed this war he having entirely completed this war he was desirous to commend his whole army was desirous to commend his whole army was desirous to commend his whole army on account of the great exploits they on account of the great exploits they on account of the great exploits they had performed and to bestow proper had performed and to bestow proper had performed and to bestow proper rewards on such as had signalized rewards on such as had signalized rewards on such as had signalized themselves therein he had therefore a themselves therein he had therefore a themselves therein he had therefore a great tribunal made for him in the midst great tribunal made for him in the midst great tribunal made for him in the midst of the place where he had formerly of the place where he had formerly of the place where he had formerly encamped and stood upon it with his encamped and stood upon it with his encamped and stood upon it with his principal commanders about him and spake principal commanders about him and spake principal commanders about him and spake so as to be heard by the whole army in

so as to be heard by the whole army in so as to be heard by the whole army in the manner following that he returned the manner following that he returned the manner following that he returned them abundance of thanks for their them abundance of thanks for their them abundance of thanks for their goodwill which they had showed to him he goodwill which they had showed to him he goodwill which they had showed to him he commended them for that ready obedience commended them for that ready obedience commended them for that ready obedience they had exhibited in this whole war they had exhibited in this whole war they had exhibited in this whole war which obedience had appeared in the many which obedience had appeared in the many which obedience had appeared in the many and great dangers which they had and great dangers which they had and great dangers which they had courageously undergone as also for that courageously undergone as also for that courageously undergone as also for that courage they had shown and had thereby courage they had shown and had thereby courage they had shown and had thereby augmented of themselves their country's augmented of themselves their country's augmented of themselves their country's power and had made it evident to all men power and had made it evident to all men power and had made it evident to all men that neither the multitude of their that neither the multitude of their that neither the multitude of their enemies nor the strength of their places enemies nor the strength of their places enemies nor the strength of their places nor the largeness of their cities with a nor the largeness of their cities with a nor the largeness of their cities with a rash boldness and brutish rage of their rash boldness and brutish rage of their rash boldness and brutish rage of their antagonists were sufficient at anytime antagonists were sufficient at anytime antagonists were sufficient at anytime to get clear of the roman valor although to get clear of the roman valor although to get clear of the roman valor although some of them may have fortunate in many some of them may have fortunate in many some of them may have fortunate in many respects on their side he said further respects on their side he said further respects on their side he said further that it was but reasonable for them to that it was but reasonable for them to that it was but reasonable for them to put an end to this war now it had lasted put an end to this war now it had lasted put an end to this war now it had lasted so long for that they had nothing better so long for that they had nothing better so long for that they had nothing better to wish for when they entered into it to wish for when they entered into it to wish for when they entered into it and that this happened more favourably and that this happened more favourably and that this happened more favourably for them and more for their glory that for them and more for their glory that for them and more for their glory that all the Romans had willingly accepted of all the Romans had willingly accepted of all the Romans had willingly accepted of those for their governors and the those for their governors and the those for their governors and the curators of their dominions who may had curators of their dominions who may had curators of their dominions who may had chosen for them and had sent them into chosen for them and had sent them into chosen for them and had sent them into their own country for that purpose which their own country for that purpose which their own country for that purpose which still continued under the management of still continued under the management of still continued under the management of those who may had pitched on and were those who may had pitched on and were those who may had pitched on and were thankful to them for pitching upon them thankful to them for pitching upon them thankful to them for pitching upon them that accordingly although he did both that accordingly although he did both that accordingly although he did both admire and tenderly regard them all admire and tenderly regard them all admire and tenderly regard them all because he knew that every one of them because he knew that every one of them because he knew that every one of them had undergone as cheerfully about their had undergone as cheerfully about their had undergone as cheerfully about their work as their abilities and work as their abilities and work as their abilities and opportunities would give them leave opportunities would give them leave opportunities would give them leave yet he said he would immediately bestow yet he said he would immediately bestow yet he said he would immediately bestow rewards and dignities on those that had rewards and dignities on those that had rewards and dignities on those that had fought the most bravely and with greater fought the most bravely and with greater fought the most bravely and with greater force and had signalized their conduct

force and had signalized their conduct force and had signalized their conduct in the most glorious manner and had made in the most glorious manner and had made in the most glorious manner and had made his army more famous by their noble his army more famous by their noble his army more famous by their noble exploits and that no one who had been exploits and that no one who had been exploits and that no one who had been willing to take more pains than another willing to take more pains than another willing to take more pains than another should miss of a just retribution of the should miss of a just retribution of the should miss of a just retribution of the same for that he had been exceeding same for that he had been exceeding same for that he had been exceeding careful about this matter and that the careful about this matter and that the careful about this matter and that the more because he had much rather reward more because he had much rather reward more because he had much rather reward the virtues of his fellow soldiers then the virtues of his fellow soldiers then the virtues of his fellow soldiers then punished such as had offended three here punished such as had offended three here punished such as had offended three here upon Titus ordered those whose business upon Titus ordered those whose business upon Titus ordered those whose business it was to read the list of all that had it was to read the list of all that had it was to read the list of all that had performed great exploits in this war him performed great exploits in this war him performed great exploits in this war him he called to him by their names and he called to him by their names and he called to him by their names and commanded them before the company and commanded them before the company and commanded them before the company and rejoiced in them in the same manner as a rejoiced in them in the same manner as a rejoiced in them in the same manner as a man would have rejoiced in his own man would have rejoiced in his own man would have rejoiced in his own exploits he also put on their heads exploits he also put on their heads exploits he also put on their heads crowns of gold and golden ornaments crowns of gold and golden ornaments crowns of gold and golden ornaments about their necks and gave them long about their necks and gave them long about their necks and gave them long Spears of gold's and insides that were Spears of gold's and insides that were Spears of gold's and insides that were made of silver and removed every one of made of silver and removed every one of made of silver and removed every one of them to a higher rank and besides this them to a higher rank and besides this them to a higher rank and besides this he plentifully distributed among them he plentifully distributed among them he plentifully distributed among them out of the spoils and the other prey out of the spoils and the other prey out of the spoils and the other prey they had taken silver golds and garments they had taken silver golds and garments they had taken silver golds and garments so when they had all these honors so when they had all these honors so when they had all these honors bestowed upon them according to his own bestowed upon them according to his own bestowed upon them according to his own appointment made to everyone and he had appointment made to everyone and he had appointment made to everyone and he had wished all sorts of happiness to the wished all sorts of happiness to the wished all sorts of happiness to the whole army he came down among the great whole army he came down among the great whole army he came down among the great acclamations which were made to him and acclamations which were made to him and acclamations which were made to him and then be took himself to offer thanked then be took himself to offer thanked then be took himself to offer thanked offerings to the gods and at once offerings to the gods and at once offerings to the gods and at once sacrificed a vast number of oxen that sacrificed a vast number of oxen that sacrificed a vast number of oxen that stood ready on the altars and stood ready on the altars and stood ready on the altars and distributed them among the army to feast distributed them among the army to feast distributed them among the army to feast on and when he had stayed three days on and when he had stayed three days on and when he had stayed three days among the principal commanders and so

among the principal commanders and so among the principal commanders and so feasted with them he sent away the rest feasted with them he sent away the rest feasted with them he sent away the rest of his army to the several places where of his army to the several places where of his army to the several places where they would be everyone best situated but they would be everyone best situated but they would be everyone best situated but permitted the tenth Legion to stay as a permitted the tenth Legion to stay as a permitted the tenth Legion to stay as a guard at Jerusalem and did not send them guard at Jerusalem and did not send them guard at Jerusalem and did not send them away beyond the Euphrates where they had away beyond the Euphrates where they had away beyond the Euphrates where they had been before and as he remembered that been before and as he remembered that been before and as he remembered that the twelfth Legion had given way to the the twelfth Legion had given way to the the twelfth Legion had given way to the Jews under such dias their general he Jews under such dias their general he Jews under such dias their general he expelled them out of all Syria for they expelled them out of all Syria for they expelled them out of all Syria for they had lain formerly at raf nia and sent had lain formerly at raf nia and sent had lain formerly at raf nia and sent them away to a place called mela tine them away to a place called mela tine them away to a place called mela tine near Euphrates near Euphrates near Euphrates which is in the limits of Armenia and which is in the limits of Armenia and which is in the limits of Armenia and Cappadocia he also thought fit that two Cappadocia he also thought fit that two Cappadocia he also thought fit that two of the legions should stay with him till of the legions should stay with him till of the legions should stay with him till he should go to Egypt he then went down he should go to Egypt he then went down he should go to Egypt he then went down with his army to that Caesarea which lay with his army to that Caesarea which lay with his army to that Caesarea which lay by the seaside and there laid up the by the seaside and there laid up the by the seaside and there laid up the rest of the Spoils in great quantities rest of the Spoils in great quantities rest of the Spoils in great quantities and gave ordered up the captives should and gave ordered up the captives should and gave ordered up the captives should be kept there for the winter season be kept there for the winter season be kept there for the winter season hindered him then from sailing into hindered him then from sailing into hindered him then from sailing into Italy chapter 2 Italy chapter 2 Italy chapter 2 Hal Titus exhibited all sorts of shows Hal Titus exhibited all sorts of shows Hal Titus exhibited all sorts of shows at Caesarea Philippi concerning Simon at Caesarea Philippi concerning Simon at Caesarea Philippi concerning Simon the tyrant how he was taken and reserved the tyrant how he was taken and reserved the tyrant how he was taken and reserved for the triumph 1 now at the same time for the triumph 1 now at the same time for the triumph 1 now at the same time that Titus Caesar laid the siege of that Titus Caesar laid the siege of that Titus Caesar laid the siege of Jerusalem did Vespasian go on board a Jerusalem did Vespasian go on board a Jerusalem did Vespasian go on board a merchant ship and sail from Alexandria merchant ship and sail from Alexandria merchant ship and sail from Alexandria to Rhodes whence he sailed away in ships to Rhodes whence he sailed away in ships to Rhodes whence he sailed away in ships with three rows of oars as he touched at with three rows of oars as he touched at with three rows of oars as he touched at several cities that lay in his Road he several cities that lay in his Road he several cities that lay in his Road he was joyfully received by them all and so was joyfully received by them all and so was joyfully received by them all and so passed over from my own yet to Greece

passed over from my own yet to Greece passed over from my own yet to Greece whence he set sail from course ira to whence he set sail from course ira to whence he set sail from course ira to the premonitory of IAP --ax whence he the premonitory of IAP --ax whence he the premonitory of IAP --ax whence he took his journey by lands but as for took his journey by lands but as for took his journey by lands but as for titus he marched from that Caesarea titus he marched from that Caesarea titus he marched from that Caesarea which laid by the seaside and came to which laid by the seaside and came to which laid by the seaside and came to that which is named Caesarea Philippi that which is named Caesarea Philippi that which is named Caesarea Philippi and stayed there a considerable time and and stayed there a considerable time and and stayed there a considerable time and exhibited all sorts of shows there and exhibited all sorts of shows there and exhibited all sorts of shows there and here a great number of the captives were here a great number of the captives were here a great number of the captives were destroyed some being thrown to wild destroyed some being thrown to wild destroyed some being thrown to wild beasts and others in multitudes forced beasts and others in multitudes forced beasts and others in multitudes forced to kill one another as if they were to kill one another as if they were to kill one another as if they were their enemies and here it was that Titus their enemies and here it was that Titus their enemies and here it was that Titus was informed of the seizure of Simon the was informed of the seizure of Simon the was informed of the seizure of Simon the son of guy Ora's which was made after son of guy Ora's which was made after son of guy Ora's which was made after the manner following this Simon during the manner following this Simon during the manner following this Simon during the siege of Jerusalem was in the upper the siege of Jerusalem was in the upper the siege of Jerusalem was in the upper city but when the Roman army was gotten city but when the Roman army was gotten city but when the Roman army was gotten within the walls and were laying the within the walls and were laying the within the walls and were laying the city waste he then took the most city waste he then took the most city waste he then took the most faithful of his friends with him and faithful of his friends with him and faithful of his friends with him and among them some that were stone cutters among them some that were stone cutters among them some that were stone cutters with those iron tools which belong to with those iron tools which belong to with those iron tools which belong to the occupation and as great a quantity the occupation and as great a quantity the occupation and as great a quantity of provisions as would suffice them for of provisions as would suffice them for of provisions as would suffice them for a long time and let himself and all them a long time and let himself and all them a long time and let himself and all them down into a certain subterranean cavern down into a certain subterranean cavern down into a certain subterranean cavern that was not visible above ground that was not visible above ground that was not visible above ground now so far as had been digged of old now so far as had been digged of old now so far as had been digged of old they went armored along it without they went armored along it without they went armored along it without disturbance but where disturbance but where disturbance but where they met with solid earth they dug a they met with solid earth they dug a they met with solid earth they dug a mine underground and this in hopes that mine underground and this in hopes that mine underground and this in hopes that they should be able to proceed so far as they should be able to proceed so far as they should be able to proceed so far as to rise from underground in a safe place to rise from underground in a safe place to rise from underground in a safe place and by that means escape but when they and by that means escape but when they and by that means escape but when they came to make the experiments they were came to make the experiments they were came to make the experiments they were disappointed of their hope for the

disappointed of their hope for the disappointed of their hope for the miners could make with small progress miners could make with small progress miners could make with small progress and that with difficulty also in so much and that with difficulty also in so much and that with difficulty also in so much that their provisions though they that their provisions though they that their provisions though they distributed them by measure began to distributed them by measure began to distributed them by measure began to fail them and now Simon thinking he fail them and now Simon thinking he fail them and now Simon thinking he might be able to astonish and elude the might be able to astonish and elude the might be able to astonish and elude the Romans put on a white frock and buttoned Romans put on a white frock and buttoned Romans put on a white frock and buttoned upon him a purple cloak and appeared out upon him a purple cloak and appeared out upon him a purple cloak and appeared out of the grounds in the place where the of the grounds in the place where the of the grounds in the place where the temple had formerly been at the first temple had formerly been at the first temple had formerly been at the first indeed Thurs that's all whom were indeed Thurs that's all whom were indeed Thurs that's all whom were greatly astonished and stood still where greatly astonished and stood still where greatly astonished and stood still where they were but afterwards they came near they were but afterwards they came near they were but afterwards they came near to him and asked who he was to him and asked who he was to him and asked who he was now Simon would not tell them but bid now Simon would not tell them but bid now Simon would not tell them but bid them call for their captain and when them call for their captain and when them call for their captain and when they ran to call him Terentius Rufus who they ran to call him Terentius Rufus who they ran to call him Terentius Rufus who was left to command the army there came was left to command the army there came was left to command the army there came to Simon and learns of him the whole to Simon and learns of him the whole to Simon and learns of him the whole truth and kept him in bonds and lets truth and kept him in bonds and lets truth and kept him in bonds and lets Caesar know that he was taken footnote Caesar know that he was taken footnote Caesar know that he was taken footnote this treacherous Rufus as Rayland in this treacherous Rufus as Rayland in this treacherous Rufus as Rayland in part observes here is the same person part observes here is the same person part observes here is the same person who Matt Alvarez call Ternes Rufus who Matt Alvarez call Ternes Rufus who Matt Alvarez call Ternes Rufus of whom they relates that he plowed up of whom they relates that he plowed up of whom they relates that he plowed up Zion as a field and may Jerusalem become Zion as a field and may Jerusalem become Zion as a field and may Jerusalem become as heaps and the mountain of the house as heaps and the mountain of the house as heaps and the mountain of the house as the hiatuses of a forest which was as the hiatuses of a forest which was as the hiatuses of a forest which was long before foretold by the prophet long before foretold by the prophet long before foretold by the prophet micah chapter 312 and quoted from him in micah chapter 312 and quoted from him in micah chapter 312 and quoted from him in the prophecies of Jeremiah chapter 26 18 the prophecies of Jeremiah chapter 26 18 the prophecies of Jeremiah chapter 26 18 end footnote thus did God bring this man end footnote thus did God bring this man end footnote thus did God bring this man to be punished for what bitter and to be punished for what bitter and to be punished for what bitter and savage tyranny he had exercised against savage tyranny he had exercised against savage tyranny he had exercised against his countrymen by those who were his

his countrymen by those who were his his countrymen by those who were his worst enemies and this while he was not worst enemies and this while he was not worst enemies and this while he was not subdued by violence but voluntarily subdued by violence but voluntarily subdued by violence but voluntarily delivered himself up to them to be delivered himself up to them to be delivered himself up to them to be punished and that on the very same punished and that on the very same punished and that on the very same accounts that he had laid false accounts that he had laid false accounts that he had laid false accusations against many Jews as if they accusations against many Jews as if they accusations against many Jews as if they were falling away to the Romans and had were falling away to the Romans and had were falling away to the Romans and had barbarously slain them for wicked barbarously slain them for wicked barbarously slain them for wicked actions do not escape the divine anger actions do not escape the divine anger actions do not escape the divine anger nor is justice too weak to punish nor is justice too weak to punish nor is justice too weak to punish offenders but in time overtakes those offenders but in time overtakes those offenders but in time overtakes those that transgress its laws and in that transgress its laws and in that transgress its laws and in flicks its punishments upon the wicked flicks its punishments upon the wicked flicks its punishments upon the wicked in a manner so much more severe as they in a manner so much more severe as they in a manner so much more severe as they expected to escape it on account of expected to escape it on account of expected to escape it on account of their not being punished immediately their not being punished immediately their not being punished immediately footnote C Ecclesiastes 8:11 ends footnote C Ecclesiastes 8:11 ends footnote C Ecclesiastes 8:11 ends footnote Simon was made sensible of this footnote Simon was made sensible of this footnote Simon was made sensible of this by falling under the indignation of the by falling under the indignation of the by falling under the indignation of the Romans the rise of his out of the ground Romans the rise of his out of the ground Romans the rise of his out of the ground had also occasioned the discovery of a had also occasioned the discovery of a had also occasioned the discovery of a great number of others of the seditious great number of others of the seditious great number of others of the seditious at that time who had hidden themselves at that time who had hidden themselves at that time who had hidden themselves underground but for Simon he was brought underground but for Simon he was brought underground but for Simon he was brought to Caesar in bonds when he was come back to Caesar in bonds when he was come back to Caesar in bonds when he was come back to that Caesarea which was on the to that Caesarea which was on the to that Caesarea which was on the seaside who gave orders that he should seaside who gave orders that he should seaside who gave orders that he should be kept against that triumph which he be kept against that triumph which he be kept against that triumph which he was to celebrate at Rome upon this was to celebrate at Rome upon this was to celebrate at Rome upon this occasion end of book seven chapters 1 & occasion end of book seven chapters 1 & occasion end of book seven chapters 1 & 2 recording by Katie Riley February 2009 book seven chapters three and four of book seven chapters three and four of the Wars of the Jews this is a librivox the Wars of the Jews this is a librivox the Wars of the Jews this is a librivox recording all librivox recordings are in

recording all librivox recordings are in recording all librivox recordings are in the public domain for more information the public domain for more information the public domain for more information or to volunteer please visit or to volunteer please visit or to volunteer please visit librivox.org the Wars of the Jews by librivox.org the Wars of the Jews by librivox.org the Wars of the Jews by Josephus translated by William Weston Josephus translated by William Weston Josephus translated by William Weston chapters 3 & 4 chapter 3 how Titus upon chapters 3 & 4 chapter 3 how Titus upon chapters 3 & 4 chapter 3 how Titus upon the celebration of his brothers and the celebration of his brothers and the celebration of his brothers and fathers birthdays had many of the Jews fathers birthdays had many of the Jews fathers birthdays had many of the Jews slain concerning the danger that used slain concerning the danger that used slain concerning the danger that used were in that Antioch by means of the were in that Antioch by means of the were in that Antioch by means of the transgression and impiety of one transgression and impiety of one transgression and impiety of one Antiochus a Jew one while Titus was at Antiochus a Jew one while Titus was at Antiochus a Jew one while Titus was at Caesarea he solemnized the birthday of Caesarea he solemnized the birthday of Caesarea he solemnized the birthday of his brother Domitian after a splendid his brother Domitian after a splendid his brother Domitian after a splendid manner and inflicted a great deal of the manner and inflicted a great deal of the manner and inflicted a great deal of the punishment intended for the Jews in punishment intended for the Jews in punishment intended for the Jews in honor of him for the number of those honor of him for the number of those honor of him for the number of those that were now slain and fighting with that were now slain and fighting with that were now slain and fighting with the beasts and were burnt and fought the beasts and were burnt and fought the beasts and were burnt and fought with one another with one another with one another exceeded 2,500 yet did all this seem to exceeded 2,500 yet did all this seem to exceeded 2,500 yet did all this seem to the Romans when they were thus destroyed the Romans when they were thus destroyed the Romans when they were thus destroyed ten thousand several ways to be a ten thousand several ways to be a ten thousand several ways to be a punishment beneath their desserts after punishment beneath their desserts after punishment beneath their desserts after this Caesar came to Bertus which is a this Caesar came to Bertus which is a this Caesar came to Bertus which is a city of Phoenicia and a Roman colony city of Phoenicia and a Roman colony city of Phoenicia and a Roman colony footnote this paratus was certainly a footnote this paratus was certainly a footnote this paratus was certainly a Roman colony and has coins extent that Roman colony and has coins extent that Roman colony and has coins extent that witnessed the same as Hudson and span witnessed the same as Hudson and span witnessed the same as Hudson and span hymen for months and footnote and say hymen for months and footnote and say hymen for months and footnote and say there are a longer time and exhibited a there are a longer time and exhibited a there are a longer time and exhibited a still more pompous solemn T about his still more pompous solemn T about his still more pompous solemn T about his father's birthday both in the father's birthday both in the father's birthday both in the magnificence of the shows and in the magnificence of the shows and in the magnificence of the shows and in the other vast expenses he was at in his other vast expenses he was at in his other vast expenses he was at in his devices thereto belonging so that a

devices thereto belonging so that a devices thereto belonging so that a great multitude of the captives were great multitude of the captives were great multitude of the captives were here destroyed after the same manner as here destroyed after the same manner as here destroyed after the same manner as before - it happened also about this before - it happened also about this before - it happened also about this time that the Jews who remained at time that the Jews who remained at time that the Jews who remained at Antioch were under accusations and in Antioch were under accusations and in Antioch were under accusations and in danger of perishing from the danger of perishing from the danger of perishing from the disturbances that were raised against disturbances that were raised against disturbances that were raised against them by the Antioch ins and this both on them by the Antioch ins and this both on them by the Antioch ins and this both on account of the slanders spread abroad at account of the slanders spread abroad at account of the slanders spread abroad at this time against them and to an account this time against them and to an account this time against them and to an account of what pranks they had played not long of what pranks they had played not long of what pranks they had played not long before which I'm obliged to describe before which I'm obliged to describe before which I'm obliged to describe without fail though briefly that I made without fail though briefly that I made without fail though briefly that I made the better connect my narration of the better connect my narration of the better connect my narration of future actions with those future actions with those future actions with those that one before three four as the Jewish that one before three four as the Jewish that one before three four as the Jewish nation is widely dispersed over all the nation is widely dispersed over all the nation is widely dispersed over all the habitable earth among its inhabitants so habitable earth among its inhabitants so habitable earth among its inhabitants so it is very much intermingled with Syria it is very much intermingled with Syria it is very much intermingled with Syria by reason of its neighborhood and had by reason of its neighborhood and had by reason of its neighborhood and had the greatest multitudes in Antioch by the greatest multitudes in Antioch by the greatest multitudes in Antioch by reason of the largeness of the city reason of the largeness of the city reason of the largeness of the city wherein the kings after Antiochus had wherein the kings after Antiochus had wherein the kings after Antiochus had afforded them a habitation with the most afforded them a habitation with the most afforded them a habitation with the most undisturbed tranquility for though undisturbed tranquility for though undisturbed tranquility for though Antiochus who was called Epiphanes lay Antiochus who was called Epiphanes lay Antiochus who was called Epiphanes lay Jerusalem waste and spoiled the temple Jerusalem waste and spoiled the temple Jerusalem waste and spoiled the temple yet to those that succeeded him in the yet to those that succeeded him in the yet to those that succeeded him in the kingdom restore all the donations that kingdom restore all the donations that kingdom restore all the donations that were made of brass to the Jews of were made of brass to the Jews of were made of brass to the Jews of Antioch and dedicated them to their Antioch and dedicated them to their Antioch and dedicated them to their synagogue and granted them the enjoyment synagogue and granted them the enjoyment synagogue and granted them the enjoyment of equal privileges of citizens with the of equal privileges of citizens with the of equal privileges of citizens with the Greeks themselves and as the succeeding Greeks themselves and as the succeeding Greeks themselves and as the succeeding Kings treated them after the same manner Kings treated them after the same manner Kings treated them after the same manner they both multiplied to a great number they both multiplied to a great number they both multiplied to a great number and adorned their temples gloriously by and adorned their temples gloriously by and adorned their temples gloriously by fine ornaments and with great fine ornaments and with great fine ornaments and with great magnificence in the use of what had been

magnificence in the use of what had been magnificence in the use of what had been given them they also made proselytes of given them they also made proselytes of given them they also made proselytes of a great many of the Greeks perpetually a great many of the Greeks perpetually a great many of the Greeks perpetually and thereby after a sort brought them to and thereby after a sort brought them to and thereby after a sort brought them to be a portion of their own body but about be a portion of their own body but about be a portion of their own body but about this time when the present war began and this time when the present war began and this time when the present war began and Vespasian was newly sailed to Syria and Vespasian was newly sailed to Syria and Vespasian was newly sailed to Syria and all men had taken up a great hatred all men had taken up a great hatred all men had taken up a great hatred against the Jews then it was that a against the Jews then it was that a against the Jews then it was that a certain person whose name was Antiochus certain person whose name was Antiochus certain person whose name was Antiochus being one of the Jewish nation and being one of the Jewish nation and being one of the Jewish nation and greatly respected on account of his greatly respected on account of his greatly respected on account of his father who was governor of the Jews at father who was governor of the Jews at father who was governor of the Jews at Antioch came upon the theatres at a time Antioch came upon the theatres at a time Antioch came upon the theatres at a time when the people of Antioch were when the people of Antioch were when the people of Antioch were assembled together footnote the Jews at assembled together footnote the Jews at assembled together footnote the Jews at Antioch and Alexandria the two principal Antioch and Alexandria the two principal Antioch and Alexandria the two principal cities in all the East had allowed them cities in all the East had allowed them cities in all the East had allowed them both by the Macedonians and afterwards both by the Macedonians and afterwards both by the Macedonians and afterwards by the Romans a governor of their own by the Romans a governor of their own by the Romans a governor of their own who was exempt from the jurisdiction of who was exempt from the jurisdiction of who was exempt from the jurisdiction of the other civil governors he was the other civil governors he was the other civil governors he was sometimes barely governor sometimes sometimes barely governor sometimes sometimes barely governor sometimes ethnic and at Alexandria ala bark as dr. ethnic and at Alexandria ala bark as dr. ethnic and at Alexandria ala bark as dr. Hudson takes notice on this place out of Hudson takes notice on this place out of Hudson takes notice on this place out of Fuller's miscellaneous they had the Fuller's miscellaneous they had the Fuller's miscellaneous they had the white governor or governor's allowed white governor or governor's allowed white governor or governor's allowed them at Babylon under their captivity them at Babylon under their captivity them at Babylon under their captivity there as the history of Susannah implies there as the history of Susannah implies there as the history of Susannah implies and footnote and became an informer and footnote and became an informer and footnote and became an informer against his father and accused both him against his father and accused both him against his father and accused both him and other and other and other that they had resolved to burn the whole that they had resolved to burn the whole that they had resolved to burn the whole city in one night he also delivered up city in one night he also delivered up city in one night he also delivered up to them some Jews that were foreigners to them some Jews that were foreigners to them some Jews that were foreigners as partners in their resolutions when as partners in their resolutions when as partners in their resolutions when the people heard this they could not the people heard this they could not the people heard this they could not refrain their passion but commanded that

refrain their passion but commanded that refrain their passion but commanded that those who were delivered up to them those who were delivered up to them those who were delivered up to them should have fire brought to burn them should have fire brought to burn them should have fire brought to burn them who were accordingly all burnt upon the who were accordingly all burnt upon the who were accordingly all burnt upon the theater immediately they did also fall theater immediately they did also fall theater immediately they did also fall violently upon the multitude of the Jews violently upon the multitude of the Jews violently upon the multitude of the Jews as supposing that by punishing them as supposing that by punishing them as supposing that by punishing them suddenly they should save their own City suddenly they should save their own City suddenly they should save their own City as for Antiochus he aggravated the rage as for Antiochus he aggravated the rage as for Antiochus he aggravated the rage they were in and thought to give them a they were in and thought to give them a they were in and thought to give them a demonstration of his own conversion arm demonstration of his own conversion arm demonstration of his own conversion arm of his hatred of the Jewish customs by of his hatred of the Jewish customs by of his hatred of the Jewish customs by sacrificing after the manner of the sacrificing after the manner of the sacrificing after the manner of the Greeks he persuaded the rest also to Greeks he persuaded the rest also to Greeks he persuaded the rest also to compel them to do the same because they compel them to do the same because they compel them to do the same because they would by that means discover who they would by that means discover who they would by that means discover who they were that had plotted against them since were that had plotted against them since were that had plotted against them since they would not do so and when the people they would not do so and when the people they would not do so and when the people of Antioch tried the experiment some few of Antioch tried the experiment some few of Antioch tried the experiment some few complied but those that would not do so complied but those that would not do so complied but those that would not do so were slain as for a latakia himself he were slain as for a latakia himself he were slain as for a latakia himself he obtained soldiers from the Roman obtained soldiers from the Roman obtained soldiers from the Roman commander and became a severe master commander and became a severe master commander and became a severe master over his own citizens not permitting over his own citizens not permitting over his own citizens not permitting them to rest on the seventh day but them to rest on the seventh day but them to rest on the seventh day but forcing them to do all that they usually forcing them to do all that they usually forcing them to do all that they usually did on other days and to that degree of did on other days and to that degree of did on other days and to that degree of distress did he reduced them in this distress did he reduced them in this distress did he reduced them in this matter that the rest of the seventh day matter that the rest of the seventh day matter that the rest of the seventh day was dissolved not only at Antioch but was dissolved not only at Antioch but was dissolved not only at Antioch but the same thing which took thence its the same thing which took thence its the same thing which took thence its rise was done in other cities also in rise was done in other cities also in rise was done in other cities also in like manner for some small time for now like manner for some small time for now like manner for some small time for now after these misfortunes had happened to after these misfortunes had happened to after these misfortunes had happened to the Jews at Antioch a second calamity the Jews at Antioch a second calamity the Jews at Antioch a second calamity befell them the description of which befell them the description of which befell them the description of which when we were going about we premise the when we were going about we premise the when we were going about we premise the account for going for upon this accident account for going for upon this accident account for going for upon this accident whereby the Foursquare marketplace was whereby the Foursquare marketplace was whereby the Foursquare marketplace was burnt down as well as the archives and

burnt down as well as the archives and burnt down as well as the archives and the place where the public records were the place where the public records were the place where the public records were preserved and the Royal Palaces and it preserved and the Royal Palaces and it preserved and the Royal Palaces and it was not without difficulty that the fire was not without difficulty that the fire was not without difficulty that the fire was then put a stop to which was likely was then put a stop to which was likely was then put a stop to which was likely by the fury wherewith it was carried by the fury wherewith it was carried by the fury wherewith it was carried along to have gone over the whole city along to have gone over the whole city along to have gone over the whole city Antiochus accused the Jews as the Antiochus accused the Jews as the Antiochus accused the Jews as the occasion of all the mischief that was occasion of all the mischief that was occasion of all the mischief that was done now this induced the people of done now this induced the people of done now this induced the people of Antioch who were now under the immediate Antioch who were now under the immediate Antioch who were now under the immediate persuasion by reason of the disorder persuasion by reason of the disorder persuasion by reason of the disorder they were in that this calumny was they were in that this calumny was they were in that this calumny was true and what have been under the same true and what have been under the same true and what have been under the same persuasion even though they had not persuasion even though they had not persuasion even though they had not borne an ill will at the Jews before to borne an ill will at the Jews before to borne an ill will at the Jews before to believe this man's accusation especially believe this man's accusation especially believe this man's accusation especially when they considered what had been done when they considered what had been done when they considered what had been done before and this to such degree that they before and this to such degree that they before and this to such degree that they all fell violently upon those that were all fell violently upon those that were all fell violently upon those that were accused and this like madmen in a very accused and this like madmen in a very accused and this like madmen in a very furious rage also even as if they had furious rage also even as if they had furious rage also even as if they had seen the Jews in a manner setting fire seen the Jews in a manner setting fire seen the Jews in a manner setting fire themselves to the city nor was it themselves to the city nor was it themselves to the city nor was it without difficulty that one eseni ascoli without difficulty that one eseni ascoli without difficulty that one eseni ascoli GEOSS the legates GEOSS the legates GEOSS the legates could prevail with them to permit the could prevail with them to permit the could prevail with them to permit the affairs to be laid before Caesar for as affairs to be laid before Caesar for as affairs to be laid before Caesar for as to Cessnas patches the president of to Cessnas patches the president of to Cessnas patches the president of Syria Vespasian had already sent him Syria Vespasian had already sent him Syria Vespasian had already sent him away and so it happens that he was not away and so it happens that he was not away and so it happens that he was not yet come back thither but Wankel aegis yet come back thither but Wankel aegis yet come back thither but Wankel aegis had made a careful inquiry into the had made a careful inquiry into the had made a careful inquiry into the matter he founds out the truth and that matter he founds out the truth and that matter he founds out the truth and that not one of those Jews that were accused not one of those Jews that were accused not one of those Jews that were accused by Antiochus had any hands in it but by Antiochus had any hands in it but by Antiochus had any hands in it but that all was done by some vile persons that all was done by some vile persons that all was done by some vile persons greatly in debt who supposed that if

greatly in debt who supposed that if greatly in debt who supposed that if they could once set fire to the they could once set fire to the they could once set fire to the marketplace and burned the public marketplace and burned the public marketplace and burned the public records they should have no further records they should have no further records they should have no further demands made upon them so the Jews were demands made upon them so the Jews were demands made upon them so the Jews were under great disorder and terror in the under great disorder and terror in the under great disorder and terror in the uncertain expectations of what would be uncertain expectations of what would be uncertain expectations of what would be the upshot of these accusations against the upshot of these accusations against the upshot of these accusations against them chapter 4 how Vespasian was them chapter 4 how Vespasian was them chapter 4 how Vespasian was received at Rome as also how the Germans received at Rome as also how the Germans received at Rome as also how the Germans revolted from the Romans but were revolted from the Romans but were revolted from the Romans but were subdued that the Samaritans over ran my subdued that the Samaritans over ran my subdued that the Samaritans over ran my Ziya but were compelled to retire to Ziya but were compelled to retire to Ziya but were compelled to retire to their own country again one and now their own country again one and now their own country again one and now Titus Caesar upon the news that was Titus Caesar upon the news that was Titus Caesar upon the news that was brought him concerning his father that brought him concerning his father that brought him concerning his father that his coming was much desired by all the his coming was much desired by all the his coming was much desired by all the Italian cities in that room especially Italian cities in that room especially Italian cities in that room especially received him with great alacrity and received him with great alacrity and received him with great alacrity and splendor he took himself to rejoicing splendor he took himself to rejoicing splendor he took himself to rejoicing and pleasures to a great degree as now and pleasures to a great degree as now and pleasures to a great degree as now freed from the solidity that he had been freed from the solidity that he had been freed from the solidity that he had been under after the most agreeable manner under after the most agreeable manner under after the most agreeable manner for all men that were in Italy showed for all men that were in Italy showed for all men that were in Italy showed their respects to him in their minds their respects to him in their minds their respects to him in their minds before he came thither as if you were before he came thither as if you were before he came thither as if you were already come as esteeming the very already come as esteeming the very already come as esteeming the very expectation they had of him to be his expectation they had of him to be his expectation they had of him to be his real presence on account of the great real presence on account of the great real presence on account of the great desires they desires they desires they had to see him and because the goodwill had to see him and because the goodwill had to see him and because the goodwill they bore him was entirely free and they bore him was entirely free and they bore him was entirely free and unconstrained for it was desirable thing unconstrained for it was desirable thing unconstrained for it was desirable thing to the Senate who well remembered the to the Senate who well remembered the to the Senate who well remembered the calamities they had undergone in the calamities they had undergone in the calamities they had undergone in the late changes of their governor's to late changes of their governor's to late changes of their governor's to receive a governor who was adorned with receive a governor who was adorned with receive a governor who was adorned with a gravity of old age and with the a gravity of old age and with the a gravity of old age and with the highest skill in the actions of war

highest skill in the actions of war highest skill in the actions of war whose advancement would be as they knew whose advancement would be as they knew whose advancement would be as they knew for nothing else but for the for nothing else but for the for nothing else but for the preservation of those that were to be preservation of those that were to be preservation of those that were to be governs moreover the people who had been governs moreover the people who had been governs moreover the people who had been so harassed by their civil miseries that so harassed by their civil miseries that so harassed by their civil miseries that they were still more earnest for his they were still more earnest for his they were still more earnest for his coming immediately as supposing they coming immediately as supposing they coming immediately as supposing they should then be firmly delivered from should then be firmly delivered from should then be firmly delivered from their calamities and believed they their calamities and believed they their calamities and believed they should then recover their secure should then recover their secure should then recover their secure tranquility and prosperity and for the tranquility and prosperity and for the tranquility and prosperity and for the soldiery they had the principal regard soldiery they had the principal regard soldiery they had the principal regard to him for they were chiefly apprised of to him for they were chiefly apprised of to him for they were chiefly apprised of his great exploits in war and since they his great exploits in war and since they his great exploits in war and since they had experienced the want of skill and had experienced the want of skill and had experienced the want of skill and one of courage in other commanders they one of courage in other commanders they one of courage in other commanders they were very desirous to be free from that were very desirous to be free from that were very desirous to be free from that great shame they had undergone by their great shame they had undergone by their great shame they had undergone by their means and heartily wished to receive means and heartily wished to receive means and heartily wished to receive such a prince as might be a security and such a prince as might be a security and such a prince as might be a security and an ornament to them and as this goodwill an ornament to them and as this goodwill an ornament to them and as this goodwill to Vespasian was universal those that to Vespasian was universal those that to Vespasian was universal those that enjoyed any remarkable dignities could enjoyed any remarkable dignities could enjoyed any remarkable dignities could not have patience enough to stay in Rome not have patience enough to stay in Rome not have patience enough to stay in Rome but made haste to meet him and a very but made haste to meet him and a very but made haste to meet him and a very great distance from it nay indeed none great distance from it nay indeed none great distance from it nay indeed none of the rest could endure the delay of of the rest could endure the delay of of the rest could endure the delay of seeing him but did all pour out of the seeing him but did all pour out of the seeing him but did all pour out of the city in such crowds and were so city in such crowds and were so city in such crowds and were so universally possessed with the opinion universally possessed with the opinion universally possessed with the opinion that it was easier and better for them that it was easier and better for them that it was easier and better for them to go out and to stay there that this to go out and to stay there that this to go out and to stay there that this was the very first time the city was the very first time the city was the very first time the city joyfully perceived itself almost empty joyfully perceived itself almost empty joyfully perceived itself almost empty of its citizens for those that stayed of its citizens for those that stayed of its citizens for those that stayed within were fewer than those that went within were fewer than those that went within were fewer than those that went out but as soon as the news was come

out but as soon as the news was come out but as soon as the news was come that he was hard by and those that had that he was hard by and those that had that he was hard by and those that had met him at first related with what good met him at first related with what good met him at first related with what good humour he received everyone that came to humour he received everyone that came to humour he received everyone that came to him then it was that the whole multitude him then it was that the whole multitude him then it was that the whole multitude that had remained in the city with their that had remained in the city with their that had remained in the city with their wives and children came into the road wives and children came into the road wives and children came into the road and waited for him there and for those and waited for him there and for those and waited for him there and for those whom he passed by they made all sorts of whom he passed by they made all sorts of whom he passed by they made all sorts of acclamation 'he's on account of the joy acclamation 'he's on account of the joy acclamation 'he's on account of the joy they had to see him they had to see him they had to see him and the pleasantness of his countenance and the pleasantness of his countenance and the pleasantness of his countenance and styled him their benefactor and and styled him their benefactor and and styled him their benefactor and Savior and the only person who was Savior and the only person who was Savior and the only person who was worthy to be ruler of the city of Rome worthy to be ruler of the city of Rome worthy to be ruler of the city of Rome and now the city was like a temple full and now the city was like a temple full and now the city was like a temple full of Garland's and sweet odours nor was of Garland's and sweet odours nor was of Garland's and sweet odours nor was easy for him to come to the Royal Palace easy for him to come to the Royal Palace easy for him to come to the Royal Palace for the multitude of the people that for the multitude of the people that for the multitude of the people that stood about him well yet at last he stood about him well yet at last he stood about him well yet at last he performed his sacrifices of Thanksgiving performed his sacrifices of Thanksgiving performed his sacrifices of Thanksgiving to his household gods for his safe to his household gods for his safe to his household gods for his safe return to the city the multitude did return to the city the multitude did return to the city the multitude did also be take themselves to feasting also be take themselves to feasting also be take themselves to feasting which feast and drink offerings they which feast and drink offerings they which feast and drink offerings they celebrated by their tribes and their celebrated by their tribes and their celebrated by their tribes and their families and their neighborhoods and families and their neighborhoods and families and their neighborhoods and still prayed God to grant that Vespasian still prayed God to grant that Vespasian still prayed God to grant that Vespasian his sons and all their posterity might his sons and all their posterity might his sons and all their posterity might continue in the Roman government for a continue in the Roman government for a continue in the Roman government for a very long time and that his Dominion very long time and that his Dominion very long time and that his Dominion might be preserved from all opposition might be preserved from all opposition might be preserved from all opposition and this was the manner in which Rome so and this was the manner in which Rome so and this was the manner in which Rome so joyfully received Vespasian and then joyfully received Vespasian and then joyfully received Vespasian and then screw immediately into a state of great screw immediately into a state of great screw immediately into a state of great prosperity - but before this time and prosperity - but before this time and prosperity - but before this time and while Vespasian was about Alexandria and while Vespasian was about Alexandria and while Vespasian was about Alexandria and Titus was lying at the siege of Titus was lying at the siege of Titus was lying at the siege of Jerusalem a great multitude of the

Jerusalem a great multitude of the Jerusalem a great multitude of the Germans were in commotion and tended to Germans were in commotion and tended to Germans were in commotion and tended to rebellion and as the Gauls in their rebellion and as the Gauls in their rebellion and as the Gauls in their neighborhood joined with them they neighborhood joined with them they neighborhood joined with them they conspired together and had thereby great conspired together and had thereby great conspired together and had thereby great hopes of success and that they should hopes of success and that they should hopes of success and that they should free themselves from the Dominion of the free themselves from the Dominion of the free themselves from the Dominion of the Romans the motives that induced the Romans the motives that induced the Romans the motives that induced the Germans to this attempt for a revolt and Germans to this attempt for a revolt and Germans to this attempt for a revolt and for beginning the war were these in the for beginning the war were these in the for beginning the war were these in the first place the nature of the people first place the nature of the people first place the nature of the people which was destitute of just reasonings which was destitute of just reasonings which was destitute of just reasonings and ready to throw themselves rashly and ready to throw themselves rashly and ready to throw themselves rashly into danger upon small hopes in the next into danger upon small hopes in the next into danger upon small hopes in the next place the hatred they wore to those that place the hatred they wore to those that place the hatred they wore to those that were their governors while their nation were their governors while their nation were their governors while their nation had never been conscious of any had never been conscious of any had never been conscious of any subjection to any but to the Romans and subjection to any but to the Romans and subjection to any but to the Romans and that by compulsion only besides these that by compulsion only besides these that by compulsion only besides these motives it was the opportunity that now motives it was the opportunity that now motives it was the opportunity that now offered itself which above all the rest offered itself which above all the rest offered itself which above all the rest prevails with them so to do for when prevails with them so to do for when prevails with them so to do for when they saw the Roman government in a great they saw the Roman government in a great they saw the Roman government in a great internal disorder by the continual internal disorder by the continual internal disorder by the continual changes of its rulers and understood changes of its rulers and understood changes of its rulers and understood that every part of the habitable earth that every part of the habitable earth that every part of the habitable earth under them was in an unsettled and under them was in an unsettled and under them was in an unsettled and tottering condition they thought this tottering condition they thought this tottering condition they thought this was the best was the best was the best opportunity that could afford itself for opportunity that could afford itself for opportunity that could afford itself for themselves to make a Sedition when the themselves to make a Sedition when the themselves to make a Sedition when the state of the Romans was so ill classic state of the Romans was so ill classic state of the Romans was so ill classic is also and Vitellius two of their is also and Vitellius two of their is also and Vitellius two of their commanders puffed them up with such commanders puffed them up with such commanders puffed them up with such hopes foot-nude this classic as' and hopes foot-nude this classic as' and hopes foot-nude this classic as' and civilus and sir Elias our names will civilus and sir Elias our names will civilus and sir Elias our names will known intact yes the two former as known intact yes the two former as known intact yes the two former as moving sedition against the Romans and moving sedition against the Romans and moving sedition against the Romans and the last as sent to repress them by

the last as sent to repress them by the last as sent to repress them by Vespasian just as they are here Vespasian just as they are here Vespasian just as they are here described in Josephus which is the case described in Josephus which is the case described in Josephus which is the case also a faun tellus Agrippa and Rubeus also a faun tellus Agrippa and Rubeus also a faun tellus Agrippa and Rubeus gallop but as to the very favourable gallop but as to the very favourable gallop but as to the very favourable accounts presently given of Domitian accounts presently given of Domitian accounts presently given of Domitian particularly as to his designs in his particularly as to his designs in his particularly as to his designs in his Gaelic and German expedition it is not a Gaelic and German expedition it is not a Gaelic and German expedition it is not a little contrary to that in Suetonius nor little contrary to that in Suetonius nor little contrary to that in Suetonius nor are the reasons unobvious that might are the reasons unobvious that might are the reasons unobvious that might occasion is great diversity the mission occasion is great diversity the mission occasion is great diversity the mission was one of Josephus patrons and when he was one of Josephus patrons and when he was one of Josephus patrons and when he published these books of the Jewish War published these books of the Jewish War published these books of the Jewish War was very young and had hardly begun was very young and had hardly begun was very young and had hardly begun those wicked practices which rendered those wicked practices which rendered those wicked practices which rendered him so infamous afterward while him so infamous afterward while him so infamous afterward while Suetonius seems to have been too young Suetonius seems to have been too young Suetonius seems to have been too young and too low in life to receive any and too low in life to receive any and too low in life to receive any remarkable favours from him estimation remarkable favours from him estimation remarkable favours from him estimation was certainly very lewd and cruel and was certainly very lewd and cruel and was certainly very lewd and cruel and generally hated when Peter Gnaeus wrote generally hated when Peter Gnaeus wrote generally hated when Peter Gnaeus wrote about him ends footnote about him ends footnote about him ends footnote these had for a long time been openly these had for a long time been openly these had for a long time been openly desirous of such an innovation and were desirous of such an innovation and were desirous of such an innovation and were induced by the present opportunity to induced by the present opportunity to induced by the present opportunity to venture upon the declaration of their venture upon the declaration of their venture upon the declaration of their sentiments the multitude was also ready sentiments the multitude was also ready sentiments the multitude was also ready and when these men told them of what and when these men told them of what and when these men told them of what they intended to attempt that news was they intended to attempt that news was they intended to attempt that news was gladly received by them so when a great gladly received by them so when a great gladly received by them so when a great part of the Germans have agreed to rebel part of the Germans have agreed to rebel part of the Germans have agreed to rebel and the rest were no better disposed and the rest were no better disposed and the rest were no better disposed Vespasian as guided by divine providence Vespasian as guided by divine providence Vespasian as guided by divine providence sent letters to patil EOS Aurelius who sent letters to patil EOS Aurelius who sent letters to patil EOS Aurelius who had formerly had the command of Germany had formerly had the command of Germany had formerly had the command of Germany whereby he declared him to have the whereby he declared him to have the whereby he declared him to have the dignity of console and commanded him to

dignity of console and commanded him to dignity of console and commanded him to take upon him the government of Britain take upon him the government of Britain take upon him the government of Britain so he went whether he was ordered to go so he went whether he was ordered to go so he went whether he was ordered to go and when he was informed of a revolt of and when he was informed of a revolt of and when he was informed of a revolt of the Germans he fell upon them as soon as the Germans he fell upon them as soon as the Germans he fell upon them as soon as they were gotten together and put his they were gotten together and put his they were gotten together and put his army in battle array and slew a great army in battle array and slew a great army in battle array and slew a great number of them in the fights and forced number of them in the fights and forced number of them in the fights and forced to leave off their madness and to grow to leave off their madness and to grow to leave off their madness and to grow wiser nay he had not befallen us wiser nay he had not befallen us wiser nay he had not befallen us suddenly upon them on the place it had suddenly upon them on the place it had suddenly upon them on the place it had not been long ere they would however not been long ere they would however not been long ere they would however have been brought to punishments for as have been brought to punishments for as have been brought to punishments for as soon as ever the news of the revolt was soon as ever the news of the revolt was soon as ever the news of the revolt was come to Rome and Caesar Domitian was come to Rome and Caesar Domitian was come to Rome and Caesar Domitian was made acquainted with it made acquainted with it made acquainted with it he made no delay even at his age when he he made no delay even at his age when he he made no delay even at his age when he was exceeding young but undertook this was exceeding young but undertook this was exceeding young but undertook this weighty affair he had a courageous mind weighty affair he had a courageous mind weighty affair he had a courageous mind from his father and had made greater from his father and had made greater from his father and had made greater improvements than belong to such an age improvements than belong to such an age improvements than belong to such an age accordingly he marched against the accordingly he marched against the accordingly he marched against the barbarians immediately whereupon their barbarians immediately whereupon their barbarians immediately whereupon their hearts hearts hearts failed them at the very rumour of his failed them at the very rumour of his failed them at the very rumour of his approach and they submitted themselves approach and they submitted themselves approach and they submitted themselves to him with fear and thought in a happy to him with fear and thought in a happy to him with fear and thought in a happy thing that they were brought under their thing that they were brought under their thing that they were brought under their old yoke again without suffering any old yoke again without suffering any old yoke again without suffering any further mischiefs when therefore further mischiefs when therefore further mischiefs when therefore Domitian had settled all the affairs of Domitian had settled all the affairs of Domitian had settled all the affairs of Gaul in such good order that it would Gaul in such good order that it would Gaul in such good order that it would not be easily put into disorder anymore not be easily put into disorder anymore not be easily put into disorder anymore he returned to Rome with honor and glory he returned to Rome with honor and glory he returned to Rome with honor and glory as having performed such exploits as for as having performed such exploits as for as having performed such exploits as for above his age but worthy of so great a above his age but worthy of so great a above his age but worthy of so great a father 3 at the very same time with a father 3 at the very same time with a father 3 at the very same time with a forementioned revolt of the Germans did forementioned revolt of the Germans did forementioned revolt of the Germans did the bold attempt of the sky viens the bold attempt of the sky viens the bold attempt of the sky viens against the Romans occur for those

against the Romans occur for those against the Romans occur for those Cylons who are called sarmatians being a Cylons who are called sarmatians being a Cylons who are called sarmatians being a very numerous people transported very numerous people transported very numerous people transported themselves over the Danube into my Xia themselves over the Danube into my Xia themselves over the Danube into my Xia without being perceived after which by without being perceived after which by without being perceived after which by their violence and entirely unexpected their violence and entirely unexpected their violence and entirely unexpected assault they slew a great many of the assault they slew a great many of the assault they slew a great many of the Romans that guarded the frontiers and as Romans that guarded the frontiers and as Romans that guarded the frontiers and as the consular legate Pontius Agrippa came the consular legate Pontius Agrippa came the consular legate Pontius Agrippa came to meet them and fought courageously to meet them and fought courageously to meet them and fought courageously against them he was slain by them then against them he was slain by them then against them he was slain by them then they over ran all the region that had they over ran all the region that had they over ran all the region that had been subject to him tearing and rending been subject to him tearing and rending been subject to him tearing and rending everything that fell in their way but everything that fell in their way but everything that fell in their way but when Vespasian was informed of what had when Vespasian was informed of what had when Vespasian was informed of what had happened and how my Xia was laid waste happened and how my Xia was laid waste happened and how my Xia was laid waste he sent away Rubeus careless to punish he sent away Rubeus careless to punish he sent away Rubeus careless to punish these sarmatians by whose means many of these sarmatians by whose means many of these sarmatians by whose means many of them perished in the battles he fought them perished in the battles he fought them perished in the battles he fought against them and that part which escaped against them and that part which escaped against them and that part which escaped fled with fear to their own country so fled with fear to their own country so fled with fear to their own country so when this general had put an end to the when this general had put an end to the when this general had put an end to the war he provided for the future security war he provided for the future security war he provided for the future security of the country also for he placed more of the country also for he placed more of the country also for he placed more and more numerous Garrison's in the play and more numerous Garrison's in the play and more numerous Garrison's in the play till he made it altogether impossible till he made it altogether impossible till he made it altogether impossible for the barbarians to pass over the for the barbarians to pass over the for the barbarians to pass over the river anymore and thus had this war in river anymore and thus had this war in river anymore and thus had this war in my Ziya a sudden conclusion end of book my Ziya a sudden conclusion end of book my Ziya a sudden conclusion end of book seven chapters three and four recording seven chapters three and four recording seven chapters three and four recording by Katie Riley February 2009 book seven by Katie Riley February 2009 book seven by Katie Riley February 2009 book seven chapter five of the wars of the Jews chapter five of the wars of the Jews chapter five of the wars of the Jews this is a librivox recording all this is a librivox recording all this is a librivox recording all librivox recordings are in the public

librivox recordings are in the public librivox recordings are in the public domain for more information or to domain for more information or to domain for more information or to volunteer please visit librivox.org the volunteer please visit librivox.org the volunteer please visit librivox.org the Wars of the Jews by Josephus translated Wars of the Jews by Josephus translated Wars of the Jews by Josephus translated by William Whiston Chapter five by William Whiston Chapter five by William Whiston Chapter five concerning the sabbatic River which concerning the sabbatic River which concerning the sabbatic River which Titus saw as he was journeying through Titus saw as he was journeying through Titus saw as he was journeying through Syria and how the people of Antioch came Syria and how the people of Antioch came Syria and how the people of Antioch came with a petition to Titus against the with a petition to Titus against the with a petition to Titus against the Jews but were rejected by him has also Jews but were rejected by him has also Jews but were rejected by him has also concerning Titus's and Vespasian's concerning Titus's and Vespasian's concerning Titus's and Vespasian's triumphs 1 now Titus Caesar tarried some triumphs 1 now Titus Caesar tarried some triumphs 1 now Titus Caesar tarried some time at bury tests as we told you before time at bury tests as we told you before time at bury tests as we told you before he then Sri moved and exhibited he then Sri moved and exhibited he then Sri moved and exhibited magnificent shows in all those cities of magnificent shows in all those cities of magnificent shows in all those cities of Syria through which he went and made use Syria through which he went and made use Syria through which he went and made use of the captive Jews as public instances of the captive Jews as public instances of the captive Jews as public instances of the destruction of that nation he of the destruction of that nation he of the destruction of that nation he then saw a river as he went along of then saw a river as he went along of then saw a river as he went along of such a nature as deserves to be recorded such a nature as deserves to be recorded such a nature as deserves to be recorded in history it runs in the middle between in history it runs in the middle between in history it runs in the middle between Arcia Arcia Arcia belonging to a grippers kingdom andhra belonging to a grippers kingdom andhra belonging to a grippers kingdom andhra fannia it hath somewhat very peculiar in fannia it hath somewhat very peculiar in fannia it hath somewhat very peculiar in it for when it runs its current is it for when it runs its current is it for when it runs its current is strong and has plenty of water after strong and has plenty of water after strong and has plenty of water after which it Springs fail for six days which it Springs fail for six days which it Springs fail for six days together and leave its channel dry as together and leave its channel dry as together and leave its channel dry as one may see after which days it runs on one may see after which days it runs on one may see after which days it runs on the seventh day as it did before and as the seventh day as it did before and as the seventh day as it did before and as though it had undergone no change at all though it had undergone no change at all though it had undergone no change at all it hath also been observed to keep this it hath also been observed to keep this it hath also been observed to keep this order perpetually and exactly whence it order perpetually and exactly whence it order perpetually and exactly whence it is that they call it the sabbatic river is that they call it the sabbatic river is that they call it the sabbatic river that name being taken from the sacred that name being taken from the sacred that name being taken from the sacred seventh day among the jews footnote

seventh day among the jews footnote seventh day among the jews footnote since in these latter ages the sabbatic since in these latter ages the sabbatic since in these latter ages the sabbatic River once so famous which by Josephus River once so famous which by Josephus River once so famous which by Josephus is account here ran every seventh day is account here ran every seventh day is account here ran every seventh day and rested on six and rested on six and rested on six but according to Pliny ran but according to Pliny ran but according to Pliny ran actually on six days and rested every actually on six days and rested every actually on six days and rested every seventh though it no way appears by seventh though it no way appears by seventh though it no way appears by either of their accounts that the either of their accounts that the either of their accounts that the seventh day of this river was the Jewish seventh day of this river was the Jewish seventh day of this river was the Jewish seventh day or Sabbath is quite vanished seventh day or Sabbath is quite vanished seventh day or Sabbath is quite vanished I shall add no more about it I shall add no more about it I shall add no more about it only see dr. Hudson's note n'ver any only see dr. Hudson's note n'ver any only see dr. Hudson's note n'ver any is's geography the reader will find is's geography the reader will find is's geography the reader will find several instances of such periodical several instances of such periodical several instances of such periodical fountains and rivers though none of fountains and rivers though none of fountains and rivers though none of their periods were that of a just week their periods were that of a just week their periods were that of a just week as of old this appears to have been and as of old this appears to have been and as of old this appears to have been and footnote two but when the people of footnote two but when the people of footnote two but when the people of Antioch were informed that Titus was Antioch were informed that Titus was Antioch were informed that Titus was approaching they were so glad at it that approaching they were so glad at it that approaching they were so glad at it that they could not keep within their walls they could not keep within their walls they could not keep within their walls but hastened a way to give him the but hastened a way to give him the but hastened a way to give him the meeting nay they proceeded as far as meeting nay they proceeded as far as meeting nay they proceeded as far as thirty furlongs and more with that thirty furlongs and more with that thirty furlongs and more with that intention these were not the men only intention these were not the men only intention these were not the men only but a multitude of women also with their but a multitude of women also with their but a multitude of women also with their children did the same and when they saw children did the same and when they saw children did the same and when they saw him coming up to them they stood on both him coming up to them they stood on both him coming up to them they stood on both sides of the way and stretched out their sides of the way and stretched out their sides of the way and stretched out their right hands saluting him and making all right hands saluting him and making all right hands saluting him and making all sorts of acclamation 'he's to him and sorts of acclamation 'he's to him and sorts of acclamation 'he's to him and turned back together with him they also turned back together with him they also turned back together with him they also among all the acclamations they made to among all the acclamations they made to among all the acclamations they made to him he sawed him all the way they went him he sawed him all the way they went him he sawed him all the way they went to eject the Jews out of their City yet to eject the Jews out of their City yet to eject the Jews out of their City yet did not Titus at all yield to this their did not Titus at all yield to this their did not Titus at all yield to this their petition but gave them the bare hearing petition but gave them the bare hearing petition but gave them the bare hearing of it quietly

of it quietly of it quietly however the Jews were in a great deal of however the Jews were in a great deal of however the Jews were in a great deal of terrible fear under the uncertainty they terrible fear under the uncertainty they terrible fear under the uncertainty they were in what his opinion was and what he were in what his opinion was and what he were in what his opinion was and what he would do to them for Titus did not stay would do to them for Titus did not stay would do to them for Titus did not stay at Antioch but continued his progress at Antioch but continued his progress at Antioch but continued his progress immediately to Zeugma which lies upon immediately to Zeugma which lies upon immediately to Zeugma which lies upon the Euphrates whither came to him the Euphrates whither came to him the Euphrates whither came to him messengers from bulla Jesse's king of messengers from bulla Jesse's king of messengers from bulla Jesse's king of parthia and brought him a crown of gold parthia and brought him a crown of gold parthia and brought him a crown of gold upon the victory he had gained over the upon the victory he had gained over the upon the victory he had gained over the Jews which he accepted of and feasted Jews which he accepted of and feasted Jews which he accepted of and feasted the Kings messengers and then came back the Kings messengers and then came back the Kings messengers and then came back to Antioch and when the Senate and to Antioch and when the Senate and to Antioch and when the Senate and people of Antioch earnestly entreated people of Antioch earnestly entreated people of Antioch earnestly entreated him to come upon their theatres where him to come upon their theatres where him to come upon their theatres where their whole multitude was assembled and their whole multitude was assembled and their whole multitude was assembled and expected him he complied with great expected him he complied with great expected him he complied with great humility but when they pressed him with humility but when they pressed him with humility but when they pressed him with such earnestness and continually begged such earnestness and continually begged such earnestness and continually begged of him that he would eject the Jews out of him that he would eject the Jews out of him that he would eject the Jews out of their City he gave them this very of their City he gave them this very of their City he gave them this very pertinent answer how can this be done pertinent answer how can this be done pertinent answer how can this be done since that country of theirs since that country of theirs since that country of theirs whether the Jews must be obliged then to whether the Jews must be obliged then to whether the Jews must be obliged then to retire is destroyed and no place will retire is destroyed and no place will retire is destroyed and no place will receive them besides whereupon the receive them besides whereupon the receive them besides whereupon the people of Antioch when they had failed people of Antioch when they had failed people of Antioch when they had failed of success in this their first request of success in this their first request of success in this their first request made him a second for they desired that made him a second for they desired that made him a second for they desired that he would order those tables of brass to he would order those tables of brass to he would order those tables of brass to be removed on which the Jews privileges be removed on which the Jews privileges be removed on which the Jews privileges were in graven however Titus would not were in graven however Titus would not were in graven however Titus would not grant that neither but permitted the grant that neither but permitted the grant that neither but permitted the Jews of Antioch to continue to enjoy the Jews of Antioch to continue to enjoy the Jews of Antioch to continue to enjoy the very same privileges in that city which very same privileges in that city which very same privileges in that city which they had before and then departed for they had before and then departed for they had before and then departed for Egypt and as he came to Jerusalem in his Egypt and as he came to Jerusalem in his Egypt and as he came to Jerusalem in his progress and compared the melancholy

progress and compared the melancholy progress and compared the melancholy condition he saw it's been in with the condition he saw it's been in with the condition he saw it's been in with the ancient glory of the city and called to ancient glory of the city and called to ancient glory of the city and called to Minds the greatness of its present ruins Minds the greatness of its present ruins Minds the greatness of its present ruins as well as its ancient splendor he could as well as its ancient splendor he could as well as its ancient splendor he could not but pity the destruction of the city not but pity the destruction of the city not but pity the destruction of the city so far was he from boasting that so so far was he from boasting that so so far was he from boasting that so great and goodly a city as that was had great and goodly a city as that was had great and goodly a city as that was had been taken from him by force nay he been taken from him by force nay he been taken from him by force nay he frequently cursed those that had been frequently cursed those that had been frequently cursed those that had been the authors of the revolt and had the authors of the revolt and had the authors of the revolt and had brought such a punishment upon the city brought such a punishment upon the city brought such a punishment upon the city in so much that it openly appeared that in so much that it openly appeared that in so much that it openly appeared that he did not desire that such a calamity he did not desire that such a calamity he did not desire that such a calamity as this punishment of theirs amounted to as this punishment of theirs amounted to as this punishment of theirs amounted to should be a demonstration of his courage should be a demonstration of his courage should be a demonstration of his courage yet was there no small quantity of the yet was there no small quantity of the yet was there no small quantity of the riches that had been in that city still riches that had been in that city still riches that had been in that city still found among its ruins a great deal of found among its ruins a great deal of found among its ruins a great deal of which the Romans dug up but the greatest which the Romans dug up but the greatest which the Romans dug up but the greatest part was discovered by those who were part was discovered by those who were part was discovered by those who were captives and so they carried it away I captives and so they carried it away I captives and so they carried it away I mean the gold in the silver and the rest mean the gold in the silver and the rest mean the gold in the silver and the rest of that most precious furniture which of that most precious furniture which of that most precious furniture which the Jews had and which the owners had the Jews had and which the owners had the Jews had and which the owners had treasured up underground against the treasured up underground against the treasured up underground against the uncertain fortunes of war 3 so Titus uncertain fortunes of war 3 so Titus uncertain fortunes of war 3 so Titus took the journey he intended into Egypt took the journey he intended into Egypt took the journey he intended into Egypt and passed over the desert very suddenly and passed over the desert very suddenly and passed over the desert very suddenly and came to Alexandria and took up a and came to Alexandria and took up a and came to Alexandria and took up a resolution to go to Rome by sea and as resolution to go to Rome by sea and as resolution to go to Rome by sea and as he was accompanied by two legions he he was accompanied by two legions he he was accompanied by two legions he sent each of them again to the places sent each of them again to the places sent each of them again to the places whence they had before come the fifth he whence they had before come the fifth he whence they had before come the fifth he sent to Messiah in the fifteenth to sent to Messiah in the fifteenth to sent to Messiah in the fifteenth to Pannonia as for the leaders of the Pannonia as for the leaders of the Pannonia as for the leaders of the captives Simon and John with the other captives Simon and John with the other captives Simon and John with the other seven hundred men whom he had selected

seven hundred men whom he had selected seven hundred men whom he had selected out of the rest as being eminently tall out of the rest as being eminently tall out of the rest as being eminently tall and handsome of body and handsome of body and handsome of body he gave order that they should be soon he gave order that they should be soon he gave order that they should be soon carried to Italy as resolving to produce carried to Italy as resolving to produce carried to Italy as resolving to produce them in his triumph so when he had had a them in his triumph so when he had had a them in his triumph so when he had had a prosperous voyage to his mind the city prosperous voyage to his mind the city prosperous voyage to his mind the city of Rome behaved itself in his reception of Rome behaved itself in his reception of Rome behaved itself in his reception and there meeting him at a distance as and there meeting him at a distance as and there meeting him at a distance as it did in the case of his father but it did in the case of his father but it did in the case of his father but what made the most splendid appearance what made the most splendid appearance what made the most splendid appearance in Titus's opinion was when his father in Titus's opinion was when his father in Titus's opinion was when his father met him and received him but still the met him and received him but still the met him and received him but still the multitude of the citizens conceived the multitude of the citizens conceived the multitude of the citizens conceived the greatest joy when they saw them all greatest joy when they saw them all greatest joy when they saw them all three together three together three together footnote best Hayes Ian and his two sons footnote best Hayes Ian and his two sons footnote best Hayes Ian and his two sons Titus and Domitian and footnote as they Titus and Domitian and footnote as they Titus and Domitian and footnote as they did at this time nor were there many did at this time nor were there many did at this time nor were there many days overpassed when they determined to days overpassed when they determined to days overpassed when they determined to have but one triumph that should be have but one triumph that should be have but one triumph that should be common to both of them on account of the common to both of them on account of the common to both of them on account of the glorious exploits they had performed glorious exploits they had performed glorious exploits they had performed although the Senate had decreed each of although the Senate had decreed each of although the Senate had decreed each of them a separate triumph by himself them a separate triumph by himself them a separate triumph by himself so when notice had been given beforehand so when notice had been given beforehand so when notice had been given beforehand of the day appointed for this pompous of the day appointed for this pompous of the day appointed for this pompous solemnity to be made an account of their solemnity to be made an account of their solemnity to be made an account of their victories not one of the immense victories not one of the immense victories not one of the immense multitude was left in the city but multitude was left in the city but multitude was left in the city but everybody went out so far as to gain everybody went out so far as to gain everybody went out so far as to gain only a station where they might stand only a station where they might stand only a station where they might stand and left only such a passage as was and left only such a passage as was and left only such a passage as was necessary for those that were to be seen necessary for those that were to be seen necessary for those that were to be seen to go along it for now all the soldiery to go along it for now all the soldiery to go along it for now all the soldiery marched out beforehand by companies and marched out beforehand by companies and marched out beforehand by companies and in their several ranks under their in their several ranks under their in their several ranks under their several commanders in the nighttime and several commanders in the nighttime and several commanders in the nighttime and were about the gates not of the upper

were about the gates not of the upper were about the gates not of the upper palaces but those near the temple of palaces but those near the temple of palaces but those near the temple of isis for there it was that the Emperor's isis for there it was that the Emperor's isis for there it was that the Emperor's had rested the foregoing night and as had rested the foregoing night and as had rested the foregoing night and as soon as ever it was de Vespasian and soon as ever it was de Vespasian and soon as ever it was de Vespasian and Titus came out crowned with laurel and Titus came out crowned with laurel and Titus came out crowned with laurel and clothed in those ancient purple habits clothed in those ancient purple habits clothed in those ancient purple habits which were proper to their family and which were proper to their family and which were proper to their family and then went as far as Octavian's walks for then went as far as Octavian's walks for then went as far as Octavian's walks for there it was that the Senate and the there it was that the Senate and the there it was that the Senate and the principal rulers and those that had been principal rulers and those that had been principal rulers and those that had been recorded as of the equestrian order recorded as of the equestrian order recorded as of the equestrian order waited for them now a tribunal had been waited for them now a tribunal had been waited for them now a tribunal had been erected before the cloisters and ivory erected before the cloisters and ivory erected before the cloisters and ivory chairs had been set upon it when they chairs had been set upon it when they chairs had been set upon it when they came and sat down upon them whereupon came and sat down upon them whereupon came and sat down upon them whereupon the soldiery made an acclamation of joy the soldiery made an acclamation of joy the soldiery made an acclamation of joy to them immediately and aisle gave them to them immediately and aisle gave them to them immediately and aisle gave them a test stations of their valour while a test stations of their valour while a test stations of their valour while they were themselves without their arms they were themselves without their arms they were themselves without their arms and only in their so and only in their so and only in their so in garments and crowned with laurel then in garments and crowned with laurel then in garments and crowned with laurel then Vespasian accepted of these shouts of Vespasian accepted of these shouts of Vespasian accepted of these shouts of theirs but while they were still theirs but while they were still theirs but while they were still disposed to go on in such acclamation disposed to go on in such acclamation disposed to go on in such acclamation --zz he gave them a signal of silence --zz he gave them a signal of silence --zz he gave them a signal of silence and when everybody entirely held their and when everybody entirely held their and when everybody entirely held their peace he stood up and covering the peace he stood up and covering the peace he stood up and covering the greatest part of his head with his cloak greatest part of his head with his cloak greatest part of his head with his cloak he put up the accustomed solemn prayers he put up the accustomed solemn prayers he put up the accustomed solemn prayers the like prayers did Titus put up also the like prayers did Titus put up also the like prayers did Titus put up also after which prayers Vespasian made a after which prayers Vespasian made a after which prayers Vespasian made a short speech to all the people and then short speech to all the people and then short speech to all the people and then sent away the soldiers to a dinner sent away the soldiers to a dinner sent away the soldiers to a dinner prepared for them by the Emperor's then prepared for them by the Emperor's then prepared for them by the Emperor's then did he retire to that gauge which was did he retire to that gauge which was did he retire to that gauge which was called the gate of the pond because called the gate of the pond because called the gate of the pond because pompous shows do always go through that pompous shows do always go through that pompous shows do always go through that gate there it was that they tasted some

gate there it was that they tasted some gate there it was that they tasted some food and when they had put on their food and when they had put on their food and when they had put on their triumphal garments and had offered triumphal garments and had offered triumphal garments and had offered sacrifices to the gods that were placed sacrifices to the gods that were placed sacrifices to the gods that were placed at the gate they sent the triumph at the gate they sent the triumph at the gate they sent the triumph forward and marched through the theaters forward and marched through the theaters forward and marched through the theaters that they might be the more easily seen that they might be the more easily seen that they might be the more easily seen by the multitudes 5 now it is impossible by the multitudes 5 now it is impossible by the multitudes 5 now it is impossible to describe the multitude of the shows to describe the multitude of the shows to describe the multitude of the shows as they deserve in the magnificence of as they deserve in the magnificence of as they deserve in the magnificence of them all such indeed as a man could not them all such indeed as a man could not them all such indeed as a man could not easily think of as performed either by easily think of as performed either by easily think of as performed either by the labor of workmen or the variety of the labor of workmen or the variety of the labor of workmen or the variety of riches or the rarities of nature for riches or the rarities of nature for riches or the rarities of nature for almost all such curiosities as the most almost all such curiosities as the most almost all such curiosities as the most happy men ever get by piecemeal word happy men ever get by piecemeal word happy men ever get by piecemeal word here one heaped on another and those here one heaped on another and those here one heaped on another and those both admirable and costly in their both admirable and costly in their both admirable and costly in their nature and all brought together on that nature and all brought together on that nature and all brought together on that day demonstrated the vastness of the day demonstrated the vastness of the day demonstrated the vastness of the dominions of the Romans for there was dominions of the Romans for there was dominions of the Romans for there was here to be seen a mighty quantity of here to be seen a mighty quantity of here to be seen a mighty quantity of silver and gold and ivory contrived into silver and gold and ivory contrived into silver and gold and ivory contrived into all sorts of things and did not appear all sorts of things and did not appear all sorts of things and did not appear as carried along in pompous show only as carried along in pompous show only as carried along in pompous show only but as a man may say running along like but as a man may say running along like but as a man may say running along like a river some parts were composed of the a river some parts were composed of the a river some parts were composed of the rarest purple hangings and so carried rarest purple hangings and so carried rarest purple hangings and so carried along and others accurately represented along and others accurately represented along and others accurately represented to the life what was embroidered by the to the life what was embroidered by the to the life what was embroidered by the arts of the Babylonians there were also arts of the Babylonians there were also arts of the Babylonians there were also precious stones that were transparent precious stones that were transparent precious stones that were transparent some sudden crowns of gold and some in some sudden crowns of gold and some in some sudden crowns of gold and some in other ouches as the workmen pleased and other ouches as the workmen pleased and other ouches as the workmen pleased and of these such a vast number were brought of these such a vast number were brought of these such a vast number were brought that we could not but thence learn how that we could not but thence learn how that we could not but thence learn how vainly we imagined any of them to be

vainly we imagined any of them to be vainly we imagined any of them to be rare rare rare these the images of the gods were also these the images of the gods were also these the images of the gods were also carried being as well wonderful for carried being as well wonderful for carried being as well wonderful for their largeness has made very their largeness has made very their largeness has made very artificially and with great skill of the artificially and with great skill of the artificially and with great skill of the workmen nor were any of these images of workmen nor were any of these images of workmen nor were any of these images of any other than very costly materials and any other than very costly materials and any other than very costly materials and many species of animals were brought many species of animals were brought many species of animals were brought everyone in their own natural ornaments everyone in their own natural ornaments everyone in their own natural ornaments the men also who brought every one of the men also who brought every one of the men also who brought every one of these shows were great multitudes and these shows were great multitudes and these shows were great multitudes and adorned with purple garments all over adorned with purple garments all over adorned with purple garments all over interwoven with gold those that were interwoven with gold those that were interwoven with gold those that were chosen for carrying these pompous shows chosen for carrying these pompous shows chosen for carrying these pompous shows having also about them such magnificent having also about them such magnificent having also about them such magnificent ornaments as we're both extraordinary ornaments as we're both extraordinary ornaments as we're both extraordinary and surprising and surprising and surprising besides these one might see that even besides these one might see that even besides these one might see that even the great number of the captives was not the great number of the captives was not the great number of the captives was not unadorned while the variety that was in unadorned while the variety that was in unadorned while the variety that was in their garments and their fine texture their garments and their fine texture their garments and their fine texture concealed from the sight the deformity concealed from the sight the deformity concealed from the sight the deformity of their bodies but what afforded the of their bodies but what afforded the of their bodies but what afforded the greatest surprise of all was the greatest surprise of all was the greatest surprise of all was the structure of the pageants that were structure of the pageants that were structure of the pageants that were borne along for indeed he that met them borne along for indeed he that met them borne along for indeed he that met them could not but be afraid that the bearers could not but be afraid that the bearers could not but be afraid that the bearers would not be able firmly enough to would not be able firmly enough to would not be able firmly enough to support them such was their magnitude support them such was their magnitude support them such was their magnitude for many of them were so made that they for many of them were so made that they for many of them were so made that they were on three or even four stories one were on three or even four stories one were on three or even four stories one above another the magnificence also of above another the magnificence also of above another the magnificence also of their structure afforded one both their structure afforded one both their structure afforded one both pleasure and surprise for upon many of pleasure and surprise for upon many of pleasure and surprise for upon many of them were laid carpets of gold them were laid carpets of gold them were laid carpets of gold there was also wrought gold and ivory there was also wrought gold and ivory there was also wrought gold and ivory fastened about them all and many fastened about them all and many fastened about them all and many resemblances of the war and those in resemblances of the war and those in resemblances of the war and those in several ways and variety of contrivances

several ways and variety of contrivances several ways and variety of contrivances affording a most lively portraiture of affording a most lively portraiture of affording a most lively portraiture of itself for there was to be seen a happy itself for there was to be seen a happy itself for there was to be seen a happy country laid waste and entire squadrons country laid waste and entire squadrons country laid waste and entire squadrons of enemies slain while some of them ran of enemies slain while some of them ran of enemies slain while some of them ran away and some were carried into away and some were carried into away and some were carried into captivity with walls of great altitude captivity with walls of great altitude captivity with walls of great altitude and magnitude overthrown and ruined by and magnitude overthrown and ruined by and magnitude overthrown and ruined by machines with the strongest machines with the strongest machines with the strongest fortifications taken and the walls of fortifications taken and the walls of fortifications taken and the walls of most populous cities upon the tops of most populous cities upon the tops of most populous cities upon the tops of hills seized on and an army pouring hills seized on and an army pouring hills seized on and an army pouring itself within the walls as also every itself within the walls as also every itself within the walls as also every place full of slaughter in supplications place full of slaughter in supplications place full of slaughter in supplications of the enemies when they were no longer of the enemies when they were no longer of the enemies when they were no longer able to lift up their hands in way of able to lift up their hands in way of able to lift up their hands in way of opposition fire also sent upon temples opposition fire also sent upon temples opposition fire also sent upon temples was here represented and houses was here represented and houses was here represented and houses overthrown and falling upon overthrown and falling upon overthrown and falling upon owners rivers also after they came out owners rivers also after they came out owners rivers also after they came out of a large and melancholy desert ran of a large and melancholy desert ran of a large and melancholy desert ran down not into a land cultivated nor as down not into a land cultivated nor as down not into a land cultivated nor as drink for men or of cattle but through a drink for men or of cattle but through a drink for men or of cattle but through a land still on fire upon every side for land still on fire upon every side for land still on fire upon every side for the Jews related that such a thing they the Jews related that such a thing they the Jews related that such a thing they had undergone during this war now the had undergone during this war now the had undergone during this war now the workmanship of these representations was workmanship of these representations was workmanship of these representations was so magnificent and lively in the so magnificent and lively in the so magnificent and lively in the construction of the things that had construction of the things that had construction of the things that had exhibited what had been done to such as exhibited what had been done to such as exhibited what had been done to such as did not see it as if they had been there did not see it as if they had been there did not see it as if they had been there really present on the top of every one really present on the top of every one really present on the top of every one of these pageants was placed the of these pageants was placed the of these pageants was placed the commander of the city that was taken in commander of the city that was taken in commander of the city that was taken in the manner wherein he was taken moreover the manner wherein he was taken moreover the manner wherein he was taken moreover there followed those pageants a great there followed those pageants a great there followed those pageants a great number of ships and for the other spoils number of ships and for the other spoils number of ships and for the other spoils they were carried in great plenty but

they were carried in great plenty but they were carried in great plenty but for those that were taken in the Temple for those that were taken in the Temple for those that were taken in the Temple of Jerusalem they made the greatest of Jerusalem they made the greatest of Jerusalem they made the greatest figure of them all that is the golden figure of them all that is the golden figure of them all that is the golden table of the weight of many talents the table of the weight of many talents the table of the weight of many talents the candlestick also that was made of gold candlestick also that was made of gold candlestick also that was made of gold though its construction were now changed though its construction were now changed though its construction were now changed from that which we made use of for its from that which we made use of for its from that which we made use of for its middle shaft was fixed upon a basis and middle shaft was fixed upon a basis and middle shaft was fixed upon a basis and the small branches were produced out of the small branches were produced out of the small branches were produced out of it to a great length having the likeness it to a great length having the likeness it to a great length having the likeness of a trident in their position and had of a trident in their position and had of a trident in their position and had every one a socket made of brass for a every one a socket made of brass for a every one a socket made of brass for a lamp at the tops of them these lamps lamp at the tops of them these lamps lamp at the tops of them these lamps were in number seven and represented the were in number seven and represented the were in number seven and represented the dignity of the number seven among the dignity of the number seven among the dignity of the number seven among the Jews and the last of all the spoils was Jews and the last of all the spoils was Jews and the last of all the spoils was carried the law of the Jews after these carried the law of the Jews after these carried the law of the Jews after these spoils passed by a great many men spoils passed by a great many men spoils passed by a great many men carrying the images of victory whose carrying the images of victory whose carrying the images of victory whose structure was entirely either of ivory structure was entirely either of ivory structure was entirely either of ivory or of gold after which Vespasian marched or of gold after which Vespasian marched or of gold after which Vespasian marched in the first place and Titus followed in the first place and Titus followed in the first place and Titus followed him Domitian also wrote along with them him Domitian also wrote along with them him Domitian also wrote along with them and made a glorious appearance and rode and made a glorious appearance and rode and made a glorious appearance and rode on a horse that was worthy of admiration on a horse that was worthy of admiration on a horse that was worthy of admiration footnote C the representations of these footnote C the representations of these footnote C the representations of these Jewish vessels as they still stand on Jewish vessels as they still stand on Jewish vessels as they still stand on Titus's triumphal arch at Rome in reel Titus's triumphal arch at Rome in reel Titus's triumphal arch at Rome in reel ins very curious book dazed Foley's ins very curious book dazed Foley's ins very curious book dazed Foley's turned plea throughout but what things turned plea throughout but what things turned plea throughout but what things are chiefly to be noted are these one are chiefly to be noted are these one are chiefly to be noted are these one that Josephus says that the candlestick that Josephus says that the candlestick that Josephus says that the candlestick here carried in this triumph was not here carried in this triumph was not here carried in this triumph was not thoroughly like that which was used in thoroughly like that which was used in thoroughly like that which was used in the temple which appears the temple which appears the temple which appears the number of the little knobs and the number of the little knobs and the number of the little knobs and flowers in that on the triumphal arch flowers in that on the triumphal arch flowers in that on the triumphal arch not well agreeing with Moses's

not well agreeing with Moses's not well agreeing with Moses's description Exodus 20:5 31 to 36 to the description Exodus 20:5 31 to 36 to the description Exodus 20:5 31 to 36 to the smallness of the branches in Josephus smallness of the branches in Josephus smallness of the branches in Josephus compared with the thickness of those on compared with the thickness of those on compared with the thickness of those on that arch 3 that the law or Pentateuch that arch 3 that the law or Pentateuch that arch 3 that the law or Pentateuch does not appear on that arch at all does not appear on that arch at all does not appear on that arch at all though Josephus and eyewitness assures though Josephus and eyewitness assures though Josephus and eyewitness assures us that it was carried in this us that it was carried in this us that it was carried in this procession all which things deserve the procession all which things deserve the procession all which things deserve the consideration of the inquisitive reader consideration of the inquisitive reader consideration of the inquisitive reader and footnote 6 now the last part of this and footnote 6 now the last part of this and footnote 6 now the last part of this pompous show was at the temple of pompous show was at the temple of pompous show was at the temple of Jupiter Capitolinus whither when they Jupiter Capitolinus whither when they Jupiter Capitolinus whither when they were come they stood still for it was were come they stood still for it was were come they stood still for it was the Romans ancient custom to stay till the Romans ancient custom to stay till the Romans ancient custom to stay till somebody brought the news that the somebody brought the news that the somebody brought the news that the general of the enemy was slain this general of the enemy was slain this general of the enemy was slain this general was Simon the son of gay Oris general was Simon the son of gay Oris general was Simon the son of gay Oris who had then been led in this triumph who had then been led in this triumph who had then been led in this triumph among the captives a rope had also been among the captives a rope had also been among the captives a rope had also been put upon his head and he had been drawn put upon his head and he had been drawn put upon his head and he had been drawn into a proper place in the forum and had into a proper place in the forum and had into a proper place in the forum and had withal been tormented by those that drew withal been tormented by those that drew withal been tormented by those that drew him along and the law of the Romans him along and the law of the Romans him along and the law of the Romans required that malefactors condemned to required that malefactors condemned to required that malefactors condemned to die should be slain there accordingly die should be slain there accordingly die should be slain there accordingly when it was related that there was an when it was related that there was an when it was related that there was an end of him and all the people had set up end of him and all the people had set up end of him and all the people had set up a shout for joy they then began to offer a shout for joy they then began to offer a shout for joy they then began to offer those sacrifices which they had those sacrifices which they had those sacrifices which they had consecrated in the prayers used in such consecrated in the prayers used in such consecrated in the prayers used in such solemnities which when they had finished solemnities which when they had finished solemnities which when they had finished they went away to the palace and as for they went away to the palace and as for they went away to the palace and as for some of the spectators the Emperor's some of the spectators the Emperor's some of the spectators the Emperor's entertained them at their own feast and entertained them at their own feast and entertained them at their own feast and for all the rest there were noble for all the rest there were noble for all the rest there were noble preparations made for feasting at home

preparations made for feasting at home preparations made for feasting at home for this was a festival day to the city for this was a festival day to the city for this was a festival day to the city of Rome a celebrated for the victory of Rome a celebrated for the victory of Rome a celebrated for the victory obtained by their army over their obtained by their army over their obtained by their army over their enemies for the end that was now put to enemies for the end that was now put to enemies for the end that was now put to their Civil miseries and for the their Civil miseries and for the their Civil miseries and for the commencement of their hopes for future commencement of their hopes for future commencement of their hopes for future prosperity and happiness 7 after these prosperity and happiness 7 after these prosperity and happiness 7 after these triumphs were over and after the affairs triumphs were over and after the affairs triumphs were over and after the affairs of the Romans were settled on the surest of the Romans were settled on the surest of the Romans were settled on the surest foundations the spazie and resolved to foundations the spazie and resolved to foundations the spazie and resolved to build a temple to peace which was build a temple to peace which was build a temple to peace which was finished in so short a time finished in so short a time finished in so short a time and in so glorious a manner as was and in so glorious a manner as was and in so glorious a manner as was beyond all human expectation and opinion beyond all human expectation and opinion beyond all human expectation and opinion for he having now by Providence a vast for he having now by Providence a vast for he having now by Providence a vast quantity of quantity of quantity of besides what he had formerly gained in besides what he had formerly gained in besides what he had formerly gained in his other exploits he had his temple his other exploits he had his temple his other exploits he had his temple adorned with pictures and statues for in adorned with pictures and statues for in adorned with pictures and statues for in this temple were collected and deposited this temple were collected and deposited this temple were collected and deposited all such rarities as men aforetime used all such rarities as men aforetime used all such rarities as men aforetime used to wander all over the habitable world to wander all over the habitable world to wander all over the habitable world to see when they had a desire to see one to see when they had a desire to see one to see when they had a desire to see one of them after another he also laid up of them after another he also laid up of them after another he also laid up there in those golden vessels and there in those golden vessels and there in those golden vessels and instruments that were taken out of the instruments that were taken out of the instruments that were taken out of the Jewish temple as engines of his glory Jewish temple as engines of his glory Jewish temple as engines of his glory but still he gave order that they should but still he gave order that they should but still he gave order that they should lay up their law in the purple veils of lay up their law in the purple veils of lay up their law in the purple veils of the holy place in the Royal Palace the holy place in the Royal Palace the holy place in the Royal Palace itself and keep them there end of book itself and keep them there end of book itself and keep them there end of book seven chapter five book seven chapters seven chapter five book seven chapters seven chapter five book seven chapters six and seven of the Wars of the Jews six and seven of the Wars of the Jews six and seven of the Wars of the Jews this is a librivox recording all this is a librivox recording all this is a librivox recording all librivox recordings are in the public

librivox recordings are in the public librivox recordings are in the public domain for more information or to domain for more information or to domain for more information or to volunteer please visit librivox.org the volunteer please visit librivox.org the volunteer please visit librivox.org the Wars of the Jews by Josephus translated Wars of the Jews by Josephus translated Wars of the Jews by Josephus translated by William Winston chapters 6 & 7 by William Winston chapters 6 & 7 by William Winston chapters 6 & 7 chapter 6 chapter 6 chapter 6 concerning macorís and how Lucilius concerning macorís and how Lucilius concerning macorís and how Lucilius Pacis took that citadel and other places Pacis took that citadel and other places Pacis took that citadel and other places 1 now the silliest basis was sent as 1 now the silliest basis was sent as 1 now the silliest basis was sent as legate into Judea and there he received legate into Judea and there he received legate into Judea and there he received the army from Surrey Alice Vitelli the army from Surrey Alice Vitelli the army from Surrey Alice Vitelli Anna's and took that Citadel which was Anna's and took that Citadel which was Anna's and took that Citadel which was in Herodium together with the garrison in Herodium together with the garrison in Herodium together with the garrison that was in it after which he got that was in it after which he got that was in it after which he got together all the soldiery that was there together all the soldiery that was there together all the soldiery that was there which was a large body but dispersed which was a large body but dispersed which was a large body but dispersed into several parties with the 10th into several parties with the 10th into several parties with the 10th Legion and resolved to make war upon Legion and resolved to make war upon Legion and resolved to make war upon macorís for it was highly necessary that macorís for it was highly necessary that macorís for it was highly necessary that this Citadel should be demolished lest this Citadel should be demolished lest this Citadel should be demolished lest it might be a means of drying away many it might be a means of drying away many it might be a means of drying away many into a rebellion by reason of its into a rebellion by reason of its into a rebellion by reason of its strength for the nature of the place was strength for the nature of the place was strength for the nature of the place was very capable of affording the surest very capable of affording the surest very capable of affording the surest hopes of safety to those that possessed hopes of safety to those that possessed hopes of safety to those that possessed it as well as delay and fear to those it as well as delay and fear to those it as well as delay and fear to those that should attack it for what was wild that should attack it for what was wild that should attack it for what was wild in was itself a very rocky hill elevated in was itself a very rocky hill elevated in was itself a very rocky hill elevated to a very great height which to a very great height which to a very great height which circumstance alone made it very hard to circumstance alone made it very hard to circumstance alone made it very hard to be subdued it was also so contrived by be subdued it was also so contrived by be subdued it was also so contrived by nature that it could nature that it could nature that it could not be easily ascended or it is as it not be easily ascended or it is as it not be easily ascended or it is as it were ditched about with such valleys on were ditched about with such valleys on were ditched about with such valleys on all sides and to such a depth that the I all sides and to such a depth that the I all sides and to such a depth that the I cannot reach their bottoms and such as

cannot reach their bottoms and such as cannot reach their bottoms and such as are not easily to be passed over and are not easily to be passed over and are not easily to be passed over and even such as it is impossible to fill up even such as it is impossible to fill up even such as it is impossible to fill up with earth for that Valley which cuts it with earth for that Valley which cuts it with earth for that Valley which cuts it on the west extends to threescore on the west extends to threescore on the west extends to threescore furlongs and did not end till it came to furlongs and did not end till it came to furlongs and did not end till it came to the lake s fault it is on the same side the lake s fault it is on the same side the lake s fault it is on the same side it was also that macorís had the tallest it was also that macorís had the tallest it was also that macorís had the tallest top of its hill elevated above the rest top of its hill elevated above the rest top of its hill elevated above the rest but then for the valleys that lay on the but then for the valleys that lay on the but then for the valleys that lay on the north and south sides although they be north and south sides although they be north and south sides although they be not so large as that already described not so large as that already described not so large as that already described yet it is in like manner an impractical yet it is in like manner an impractical yet it is in like manner an impractical thing to think of getting over them and thing to think of getting over them and thing to think of getting over them and for the valley that lies on the east for the valley that lies on the east for the valley that lies on the east side its depth is found to be no less side its depth is found to be no less side its depth is found to be no less than a hundred cubits it extends as far than a hundred cubits it extends as far than a hundred cubits it extends as far as a mountain that lies over against as a mountain that lies over against as a mountain that lies over against macorís with which it is bounded to now macorís with which it is bounded to now macorís with which it is bounded to now when Alexander Janney Asst the king of when Alexander Janney Asst the king of when Alexander Janney Asst the king of the Jews observed the nature of this the Jews observed the nature of this the Jews observed the nature of this place he was the first who built a place he was the first who built a place he was the first who built a citadel there which afterwards was citadel there which afterwards was citadel there which afterwards was demolished by Gabinius when he made war demolished by Gabinius when he made war demolished by Gabinius when he made war against eros tabulous but when Herod against eros tabulous but when Herod against eros tabulous but when Herod came to be king he thought the place to came to be king he thought the place to came to be king he thought the place to be worthy of the utmost regard and of be worthy of the utmost regard and of be worthy of the utmost regard and of being built upon in the firmest manner being built upon in the firmest manner being built upon in the firmest manner and this especially because it lay so and this especially because it lay so and this especially because it lay so near to Arabia for it is seated in a near to Arabia for it is seated in a near to Arabia for it is seated in a convenient place on that account and convenient place on that account and convenient place on that account and hath a prospect toward that country he hath a prospect toward that country he hath a prospect toward that country he therefore surrounded a large space of therefore surrounded a large space of therefore surrounded a large space of ground with walls and towers and built a ground with walls and towers and built a ground with walls and towers and built a city there out of which City there was a city there out of which City there was a city there out of which City there was a way that led up to the very citadel way that led up to the very citadel way that led up to the very citadel itself on the top of the mountain nay

itself on the top of the mountain nay itself on the top of the mountain nay more than this more than this more than this he built a while round to that top of he built a while round to that top of he built a while round to that top of the hill and erected towers at the the hill and erected towers at the the hill and erected towers at the corners of a hundred and sixty cubits corners of a hundred and sixty cubits corners of a hundred and sixty cubits high in the middle of which place he high in the middle of which place he high in the middle of which place he built a palace after a magnificent built a palace after a magnificent built a palace after a magnificent manner wherein were large and beautiful manner wherein were large and beautiful manner wherein were large and beautiful edifice 'as he also made a great many edifice 'as he also made a great many edifice 'as he also made a great many reservoirs for the reception of water reservoirs for the reception of water reservoirs for the reception of water that there might be plenty of it ready that there might be plenty of it ready that there might be plenty of it ready for all uses and those in the proper for all uses and those in the proper for all uses and those in the proper places that were afforded him there thus places that were afforded him there thus places that were afforded him there thus did he as it were contend with the nage did he as it were contend with the nage did he as it were contend with the nage the place that he might exceed its the place that he might exceed its the place that he might exceed its natural strength and security which yet natural strength and security which yet natural strength and security which yet itself rendered it hard to be taken by itself rendered it hard to be taken by itself rendered it hard to be taken by those fortifications which were made by those fortifications which were made by those fortifications which were made by the hands of men moreover he put a large the hands of men moreover he put a large the hands of men moreover he put a large quantity of darts and other machines of quantity of darts and other machines of quantity of darts and other machines of war into it and contrived to get war into it and contrived to get war into it and contrived to get everything thither that might anyway everything thither that might anyway everything thither that might anyway contribute to its inhabitants security contribute to its inhabitants security contribute to its inhabitants security under the longest siege possible three under the longest siege possible three under the longest siege possible three now within this place there grew a sort now within this place there grew a sort now within this place there grew a sort of Roo that deserves our wonder on of Roo that deserves our wonder on of Roo that deserves our wonder on account of its largeness footnote span account of its largeness footnote span account of its largeness footnote span higham observes here that in Greece yeah higham observes here that in Greece yeah higham observes here that in Greece yeah major in Sicily they had reproduce ously major in Sicily they had reproduce ously major in Sicily they had reproduce ously great and durable like this route at great and durable like this route at great and durable like this route at macorís and footnote where it was no way macorís and footnote where it was no way macorís and footnote where it was no way inferior to any fig tree whatsoever inferior to any fig tree whatsoever inferior to any fig tree whatsoever either in height or in thickness and the either in height or in thickness and the either in height or in thickness and the report is that it had lasted ever since report is that it had lasted ever since report is that it had lasted ever since the times of herod and would probably the times of herod and would probably the times of herod and would probably have lasted much longer had it not been have lasted much longer had it not been have lasted much longer had it not been cut down by those Jews who took cut down by those Jews who took cut down by those Jews who took possession of the place afterward but

possession of the place afterward but possession of the place afterward but still in that valley which encompasses still in that valley which encompasses still in that valley which encompasses the city on the north side there is a the city on the north side there is a the city on the north side there is a certain place called virus which certain place called virus which certain place called virus which produces a root of the same name with produces a root of the same name with produces a root of the same name with itself it's color is like to that of itself it's color is like to that of itself it's color is like to that of flame and towards the evenings it sends flame and towards the evenings it sends flame and towards the evenings it sends out a certain ray like lightning it is out a certain ray like lightning it is out a certain ray like lightning it is not easily taken by such as would do it not easily taken by such as would do it not easily taken by such as would do it but recedes from their hands nor will but recedes from their hands nor will but recedes from their hands nor will yield itself to be taken quietly until yield itself to be taken quietly until yield itself to be taken quietly until either the urine of a woman or her either the urine of a woman or her either the urine of a woman or her menstrual blood before it upon it nay menstrual blood before it upon it nay menstrual blood before it upon it nay even then it is certain death to those even then it is certain death to those even then it is certain death to those that touch it unless any one take and that touch it unless any one take and that touch it unless any one take and hang the root itself down from his hand hang the root itself down from his hand hang the root itself down from his hand and so carry it away it may also be and so carry it away it may also be and so carry it away it may also be taken another way without danger which taken another way without danger which taken another way without danger which is this they dig a trench quite around is this they dig a trench quite around is this they dig a trench quite around it till the hidden part of the root be it till the hidden part of the root be it till the hidden part of the root be very small they then tie a dog to it and very small they then tie a dog to it and very small they then tie a dog to it and when the dog tries hard to follow him when the dog tries hard to follow him when the dog tries hard to follow him that tied him this root is easily that tied him this root is easily that tied him this root is easily plucked up but the dog dies immediately plucked up but the dog dies immediately plucked up but the dog dies immediately as if it were instead of the man that as if it were instead of the man that as if it were instead of the man that would take the plant away nor after this would take the plant away nor after this would take the plant away nor after this need anyone be afraid of taking it into need anyone be afraid of taking it into need anyone be afraid of taking it into their hands yet after all this pains in their hands yet after all this pains in their hands yet after all this pains in getting it is only valuable an account getting it is only valuable an account getting it is only valuable an account of one virtue at half that if it be of one virtue at half that if it be of one virtue at half that if it be we brought two sick persons it quickly we brought two sick persons it quickly we brought two sick persons it quickly drives away those called demons which drives away those called demons which drives away those called demons which are no other than the spirits of the are no other than the spirits of the are no other than the spirits of the wicked that enter into men that are wicked that enter into men that are wicked that enter into men that are alive and kill them unless they can alive and kill them unless they can alive and kill them unless they can obtain some help against them footnote obtain some help against them footnote obtain some help against them footnote this strange account of the place and this strange account of the place and this strange account of the place and route beerus seems to have been taken

route beerus seems to have been taken route beerus seems to have been taken from the magicians and the root have from the magicians and the root have from the magicians and the root have been made use of in the days of Josephus been made use of in the days of Josephus been made use of in the days of Josephus in that superstitious way of casting out in that superstitious way of casting out in that superstitious way of casting out demons supposed by him to have been demons supposed by him to have been demons supposed by him to have been derived from King Solomon of which we derived from King Solomon of which we derived from King Solomon of which we have already seen he had a great opinion have already seen he had a great opinion have already seen he had a great opinion we also may hence learn the true notion we also may hence learn the true notion we also may hence learn the true notion Josephus had of demons and demoniac s-- Josephus had of demons and demoniac s-- Josephus had of demons and demoniac s-- exactly like that of the Jews and exactly like that of the Jews and exactly like that of the Jews and Christians in the New Testament and the Christians in the New Testament and the Christians in the New Testament and the first four centuries and footnote here first four centuries and footnote here first four centuries and footnote here are also fountains of hot water that are also fountains of hot water that are also fountains of hot water that flow out of this place which have a very flow out of this place which have a very flow out of this place which have a very different taste one from the other for different taste one from the other for different taste one from the other for some of them are bitter and others of some of them are bitter and others of some of them are bitter and others of them are plainly sweet here are also them are plainly sweet here are also them are plainly sweet here are also many eruptions of cold waters and this many eruptions of cold waters and this many eruptions of cold waters and this not only in the places that lie lower not only in the places that lie lower not only in the places that lie lower and have their fountains near one and have their fountains near one and have their fountains near one another but what is still more wonderful another but what is still more wonderful another but what is still more wonderful here is to be seen a certain cave hard here is to be seen a certain cave hard here is to be seen a certain cave hard by whose cavity is not deep but it is by whose cavity is not deep but it is by whose cavity is not deep but it is covered over by Iraq that is prominent covered over by Iraq that is prominent covered over by Iraq that is prominent above this rock there stand up to hills above this rock there stand up to hills above this rock there stand up to hills or breasts as it were but a little or breasts as it were but a little or breasts as it were but a little distant one from another the one of distant one from another the one of distant one from another the one of which sends out a fountain that is very which sends out a fountain that is very which sends out a fountain that is very cold and the other sends out one that is cold and the other sends out one that is cold and the other sends out one that is very hot which waters when they are very hot which waters when they are very hot which waters when they are mingled together mingled together mingled together compose a most pleasant bath they are compose a most pleasant bath they are compose a most pleasant bath they are medicinal indeed for other maladies but medicinal indeed for other maladies but medicinal indeed for other maladies but especially good for strengthening the especially good for strengthening the especially good for strengthening the nerves this place has in it also mines nerves this place has in it also mines nerves this place has in it also mines of sulfur and alum for now when Bass's of sulfur and alum for now when Bass's of sulfur and alum for now when Bass's had taken a full view of this place had taken a full view of this place had taken a full view of this place he resolved to besiege it by filling up

he resolved to besiege it by filling up he resolved to besiege it by filling up the valley that lay on the east side so the valley that lay on the east side so the valley that lay on the east side so he fell hard to work and took great he fell hard to work and took great he fell hard to work and took great pains to raise his banks as soon as pains to raise his banks as soon as pains to raise his banks as soon as possible and by that means to render the possible and by that means to render the possible and by that means to render the Seas easy as for the Jews that were Seas easy as for the Jews that were Seas easy as for the Jews that were caught in this place they separated caught in this place they separated caught in this place they separated themselves from the strangers that were themselves from the strangers that were themselves from the strangers that were with them and they forced those with them and they forced those with them and they forced those strangers as an otherwise useless strangers as an otherwise useless strangers as an otherwise useless multitude to stay in the multitude to stay in the multitude to stay in the lower part of the city and undergo the lower part of the city and undergo the lower part of the city and undergo the principal dangers while they themselves principal dangers while they themselves principal dangers while they themselves seized on the upper City at all and held seized on the upper City at all and held seized on the upper City at all and held it and this both on account of its it and this both on account of its it and this both on account of its strength and to provide for their own strength and to provide for their own strength and to provide for their own safety safety safety they also supposed they might obtain they also supposed they might obtain they also supposed they might obtain their pardon in case they should at last their pardon in case they should at last their pardon in case they should at last surrender the city at all surrender the city at all surrender the city at all however they were willing to make trial however they were willing to make trial however they were willing to make trial in the first place whether the hopes in the first place whether the hopes in the first place whether the hopes they had of avoiding a siege would come they had of avoiding a siege would come they had of avoiding a siege would come to anything with which intention they to anything with which intention they to anything with which intention they made sally's every day and fought with made sally's every day and fought with made sally's every day and fought with those that met them in which conflicts those that met them in which conflicts those that met them in which conflicts they were many of them slain as they they were many of them slain as they they were many of them slain as they therein slew many of the Romans but therein slew many of the Romans but therein slew many of the Romans but still it was the opportunities that still it was the opportunities that still it was the opportunities that presented themselves which chiefly presented themselves which chiefly presented themselves which chiefly gained both sides their victories these gained both sides their victories these gained both sides their victories these were gained by the Jews when they fell were gained by the Jews when they fell were gained by the Jews when they fell upon the Romans as they were off their upon the Romans as they were off their upon the Romans as they were off their guard but by the Romans when upon the guard but by the Romans when upon the guard but by the Romans when upon the other sally's against their banks before other sally's against their banks before other sally's against their banks before saw their coming and were upon their saw their coming and were upon their saw their coming and were upon their large when they received them but the large when they received them but the large when they received them but the conclusion of this siege did not depend conclusion of this siege did not depend conclusion of this siege did not depend upon these bickerings but a search and upon these bickerings but a search and upon these bickerings but a search and surprising accident relating to what was surprising accident relating to what was surprising accident relating to what was done in this siege forced the Jews to

done in this siege forced the Jews to done in this siege forced the Jews to surrender the city at all there was a surrender the city at all there was a surrender the city at all there was a certain young man among the besieged of certain young man among the besieged of certain young man among the besieged of great boldness and very active of his great boldness and very active of his great boldness and very active of his hand hand hand his name was eliazar he greatly his name was eliazar he greatly his name was eliazar he greatly signalized himself in those sally's and signalized himself in those sally's and signalized himself in those sally's and encouraged the Jews to go out in great encouraged the Jews to go out in great encouraged the Jews to go out in great numbers in order to hinder the raising numbers in order to hinder the raising numbers in order to hinder the raising of the banks and did the Romans a vast of the banks and did the Romans a vast of the banks and did the Romans a vast deal of mischief when they came to deal of mischief when they came to deal of mischief when they came to fighting he so managed matters that fighting he so managed matters that fighting he so managed matters that those who sallied out made their attacks those who sallied out made their attacks those who sallied out made their attacks easily and returned back without danger easily and returned back without danger easily and returned back without danger and this by still bringing up the rear and this by still bringing up the rear and this by still bringing up the rear himself now it happened that on a himself now it happened that on a himself now it happened that on a certain time when the fight was over and certain time when the fight was over and certain time when the fight was over and both sides were parted and retired home both sides were parted and retired home both sides were parted and retired home he in way of contempt of the enemy and he in way of contempt of the enemy and he in way of contempt of the enemy and thinking that none of them would begin thinking that none of them would begin thinking that none of them would begin the fight again at that time stayed the fight again at that time stayed the fight again at that time stayed without the gates and talked with those without the gates and talked with those without the gates and talked with those that were upon the wall and his mind was that were upon the wall and his mind was that were upon the wall and his mind was wholly intent upon what they said now a wholly intent upon what they said now a wholly intent upon what they said now a certain person belonging to the Roman certain person belonging to the Roman certain person belonging to the Roman camp whose name was Rufus by birth in camp whose name was Rufus by birth in camp whose name was Rufus by birth in Egyptian ran upon him suddenly when Egyptian ran upon him suddenly when Egyptian ran upon him suddenly when nobody expected such a thing nobody expected such a thing nobody expected such a thing and carried him off with his armor and carried him off with his armor and carried him off with his armor itself while in the meantime those that itself while in the meantime those that itself while in the meantime those that saw it from the wall were under such an saw it from the wall were under such an saw it from the wall were under such an amazement that roof has prevented their amazement that roof has prevented their amazement that roof has prevented their assistance and carried eliazar to the assistance and carried eliazar to the assistance and carried eliazar to the Roman camp so the general of the Romans Roman camp so the general of the Romans Roman camp so the general of the Romans ordered that he should be taken up naked ordered that he should be taken up naked ordered that he should be taken up naked set before the city to be seen and set before the city to be seen and set before the city to be seen and sorely whipped before their eyes upon sorely whipped before their eyes upon sorely whipped before their eyes upon this sad accident that befell the young

this sad accident that befell the young this sad accident that befell the young man man man the Jews were terribly confounded in the the Jews were terribly confounded in the the Jews were terribly confounded in the city with one voice sorely lamented him city with one voice sorely lamented him city with one voice sorely lamented him and the morning proved greater than and the morning proved greater than and the morning proved greater than could well be supposed upon the calamity could well be supposed upon the calamity could well be supposed upon the calamity of a single person when Bass's perceived of a single person when Bass's perceived of a single person when Bass's perceived that he began to think of using a that he began to think of using a that he began to think of using a stratagem against the enemy and was stratagem against the enemy and was stratagem against the enemy and was desirous to aggravate their grief in desirous to aggravate their grief in desirous to aggravate their grief in order to prevail with them to surrender order to prevail with them to surrender order to prevail with them to surrender the city for the preservation of that the city for the preservation of that the city for the preservation of that man nor did he fail of his hope for he man nor did he fail of his hope for he man nor did he fail of his hope for he commanded them to set up a cross as if commanded them to set up a cross as if commanded them to set up a cross as if he were just going to hang Eliezer upon he were just going to hang Eliezer upon he were just going to hang Eliezer upon it immediately the sight of this it immediately the sight of this it immediately the sight of this occasioned a sore grief among those that occasioned a sore grief among those that occasioned a sore grief among those that were in the city at all and they groaned were in the city at all and they groaned were in the city at all and they groaned vehemently and cried out that they would vehemently and cried out that they would vehemently and cried out that they would not bear to see him must destroyed not bear to see him must destroyed not bear to see him must destroyed whereupon Eliezer besought them not to whereupon Eliezer besought them not to whereupon Eliezer besought them not to disregard him now he was going to suffer disregard him now he was going to suffer disregard him now he was going to suffer a most miserable death and exhorted them a most miserable death and exhorted them a most miserable death and exhorted them to save themselves by yielding to the to save themselves by yielding to the to save themselves by yielding to the Roman power in good fortune since all Roman power in good fortune since all Roman power in good fortune since all other people were now conquered by them other people were now conquered by them other people were now conquered by them these men were greatly moved with what these men were greatly moved with what these men were greatly moved with what he said there being also many within the he said there being also many within the he said there being also many within the city that interceded for him because he city that interceded for him because he city that interceded for him because he was of an eminent and very numerous was of an eminent and very numerous was of an eminent and very numerous family so they now yielded to their family so they now yielded to their family so they now yielded to their passion of commiseration contrary to passion of commiseration contrary to passion of commiseration contrary to their usual custom accordingly they sent their usual custom accordingly they sent their usual custom accordingly they sent out immediately certain messengers and out immediately certain messengers and out immediately certain messengers and treated with the Romans in order to a treated with the Romans in order to a treated with the Romans in order to a surrender of the Citadel to them and surrender of the Citadel to them and surrender of the Citadel to them and desired that they might be permitted to desired that they might be permitted to desired that they might be permitted to go away and take eliazar along with them

go away and take eliazar along with them go away and take eliazar along with them then did the Romans and their general then did the Romans and their general then did the Romans and their general accept of these terms accept of these terms accept of these terms while the multitude of strangers that while the multitude of strangers that while the multitude of strangers that were in the lower part of the city were in the lower part of the city were in the lower part of the city hearing of the agreement that was made hearing of the agreement that was made hearing of the agreement that was made by the Jews for themselves alone were by the Jews for themselves alone were by the Jews for themselves alone were resolved to fly away privately in the resolved to fly away privately in the resolved to fly away privately in the nighttime nighttime nighttime but as soon as they had opened their but as soon as they had opened their but as soon as they had opened their gates those that had come to terms with gates those that had come to terms with gates those that had come to terms with basses told him of it whether it word basses told him of it whether it word basses told him of it whether it word that they envied the others deliverance that they envied the others deliverance that they envied the others deliverance or whether it were done out of fear lest or whether it were done out of fear lest or whether it were done out of fear lest an occasion should be taken against them an occasion should be taken against them an occasion should be taken against them upon their escape is uncertain the most upon their escape is uncertain the most upon their escape is uncertain the most courageous therefore of these men that courageous therefore of these men that courageous therefore of these men that went out prevented the enemy and got went out prevented the enemy and got went out prevented the enemy and got away and fled for it but for those men away and fled for it but for those men away and fled for it but for those men that were caught within they rest of that were caught within they rest of that were caught within they rest of text is lost five when basses had text is lost five when basses had text is lost five when basses had settled these affairs he marched hastily settled these affairs he marched hastily settled these affairs he marched hastily to the forest of Jarden as it is called to the forest of Jarden as it is called to the forest of Jarden as it is called for he had heard that a great many of for he had heard that a great many of for he had heard that a great many of those that had fled from Jerusalem and those that had fled from Jerusalem and those that had fled from Jerusalem and macorís formerly were there gotten macorís formerly were there gotten macorís formerly were there gotten together when he was therefore come to together when he was therefore come to together when he was therefore come to the place and understood that the former the place and understood that the former the place and understood that the former news was no mistake he in the first news was no mistake he in the first news was no mistake he in the first place surrounded the whole place with place surrounded the whole place with place surrounded the whole place with his horsemen that such of the Jews as his horsemen that such of the Jews as his horsemen that such of the Jews as had boldness enough to try to break had boldness enough to try to break had boldness enough to try to break through might have no way possible for through might have no way possible for through might have no way possible for escaping by reason of the situation of escaping by reason of the situation of escaping by reason of the situation of those horsemen and for the footmen he those horsemen and for the footmen he those horsemen and for the footmen he ordered them to cut down the trees that ordered them to cut down the trees that ordered them to cut down the trees that were in the wood whither they were fled were in the wood whither they were fled were in the wood whither they were fled so the Jews were under a necessity of so the Jews were under a necessity of so the Jews were under a necessity of performing some glorious exploit and of

performing some glorious exploit and of performing some glorious exploit and of greatly exposing themselves in a battle greatly exposing themselves in a battle greatly exposing themselves in a battle since they might perhaps thereby escape since they might perhaps thereby escape since they might perhaps thereby escape so they made a general attack and with a so they made a general attack and with a so they made a general attack and with a great shout fell upon those that great shout fell upon those that great shout fell upon those that surrounded them who received them with surrounded them who received them with surrounded them who received them with great courage and so while the one side great courage and so while the one side great courage and so while the one side fought desperately and the others would fought desperately and the others would fought desperately and the others would not yield the fight was prolonged on not yield the fight was prolonged on not yield the fight was prolonged on that account but the event of the battle that account but the event of the battle that account but the event of the battle did not answer the expectation of the did not answer the expectation of the did not answer the expectation of the assailants for so it happened that no assailants for so it happened that no assailants for so it happened that no more than twelve fell on the Roman side more than twelve fell on the Roman side more than twelve fell on the Roman side with a few that were wounded but not one with a few that were wounded but not one with a few that were wounded but not one of the Jews escaped out of this battle of the Jews escaped out of this battle of the Jews escaped out of this battle but they were all killed being in the but they were all killed being in the but they were all killed being in the hole not fewer in number than 3,000 hole not fewer in number than 3,000 hole not fewer in number than 3,000 together with Judas the son of Jairus together with Judas the son of Jairus together with Judas the son of Jairus their general concerning whom we have their general concerning whom we have their general concerning whom we have before spoken that he had been a captain before spoken that he had been a captain before spoken that he had been a captain of a certain band at the siege of of a certain band at the siege of of a certain band at the siege of Jerusalem and by going down into a Jerusalem and by going down into a Jerusalem and by going down into a certain vault underground had privately certain vault underground had privately certain vault underground had privately made his escape made his escape made his escape six about the same time it was that six about the same time it was that six about the same time it was that Caesar sent a letter to bases until Caesar sent a letter to bases until Caesar sent a letter to bases until laborious Maximus who was the procurator laborious Maximus who was the procurator laborious Maximus who was the procurator of Judea and gave order that all Judea of Judea and gave order that all Judea of Judea and gave order that all Judea should be exposed to sale for he did not should be exposed to sale for he did not should be exposed to sale for he did not found any city there but reserved the found any city there but reserved the found any city there but reserved the country for himself footnote it is very country for himself footnote it is very country for himself footnote it is very remarkable that Titus did not people remarkable that Titus did not people remarkable that Titus did not people this now desolate country of Judea but this now desolate country of Judea but this now desolate country of Judea but ordered it to be all sold nor indeed is ordered it to be all sold nor indeed is ordered it to be all sold nor indeed is it properly peopled at this day but lies it properly peopled at this day but lies it properly peopled at this day but lies ready for its old inhabitants the Jews ready for its old inhabitants the Jews ready for its old inhabitants the Jews in their future restoration and footnote

in their future restoration and footnote in their future restoration and footnote however he assigned a place for eight however he assigned a place for eight however he assigned a place for eight hundred men only whom he had dismissed hundred men only whom he had dismissed hundred men only whom he had dismissed from his army which he gave them for from his army which he gave them for from his army which he gave them for their habitation it is called Emmaus and their habitation it is called Emmaus and their habitation it is called Emmaus and is distant from Jerusalem threescore is distant from Jerusalem threescore is distant from Jerusalem threescore furlongs footnote that the city Emmaus furlongs footnote that the city Emmaus furlongs footnote that the city Emmaus for a rain disk in Josephus and others for a rain disk in Josephus and others for a rain disk in Josephus and others which was the place of the government of which was the place of the government of which was the place of the government of Julius africanus were slain to the Julius africanus were slain to the Julius africanus were slain to the number of 1700 as where the women and number of 1700 as where the women and number of 1700 as where the women and the children made slaves but as basses the children made slaves but as basses the children made slaves but as basses thought he must perform the Covenant he thought he must perform the Covenant he thought he must perform the Covenant he had made with those that had surrendered had made with those that had surrendered had made with those that had surrendered the city at all he let them go and the city at all he let them go and the city at all he let them go and restored Eliezer to them in the restored Eliezer to them in the restored Eliezer to them in the beginning of the third century and which beginning of the third century and which beginning of the third century and which he then procured to be rebuilt and after he then procured to be rebuilt and after he then procured to be rebuilt and after which rebuilding it was called which rebuilding it was called which rebuilding it was called necropolis is entirely different from necropolis is entirely different from necropolis is entirely different from that Emmaus which is mentioned by Saint that Emmaus which is mentioned by Saint that Emmaus which is mentioned by Saint Luke 24:13 and under the named Emmaus Luke 24:13 and under the named Emmaus Luke 24:13 and under the named Emmaus also but he justly thinks that that in also but he justly thinks that that in also but he justly thinks that that in Saint Luke may well be the same with his Saint Luke may well be the same with his Saint Luke may well be the same with his Emmaus before us especially since the Emmaus before us especially since the Emmaus before us especially since the Greek copies here usually make it Greek copies here usually make it Greek copies here usually make it sixty-four Long's distant from Jerusalem sixty-four Long's distant from Jerusalem sixty-four Long's distant from Jerusalem as does st. Loup though the latin copies as does st. Loup though the latin copies as does st. Loup though the latin copies say only thirty the place also allotted say only thirty the place also allotted say only thirty the place also allotted for these eight hundred soldiers as for for these eight hundred soldiers as for for these eight hundred soldiers as for a roman garrison in this place would a roman garrison in this place would a roman garrison in this place would most naturally be not so remote from most naturally be not so remote from most naturally be not so remote from jerusalem as was the other mas or jerusalem as was the other mas or jerusalem as was the other mas or necropolis and footnote he also laid a necropolis and footnote he also laid a necropolis and footnote he also laid a tribute upon the jews wheresoever they tribute upon the jews wheresoever they tribute upon the jews wheresoever they were and enjoined every one of them to were and enjoined every one of them to were and enjoined every one of them to bring two drachma every year into the

bring two drachma every year into the bring two drachma every year into the capital as they used to pay the same to capital as they used to pay the same to capital as they used to pay the same to the temple at jerusalem and this was the the temple at jerusalem and this was the the temple at jerusalem and this was the state of the jewish state of the jewish state of the jewish fairs at this time Chapter seven fairs at this time Chapter seven fairs at this time Chapter seven concerning the calamity that befell concerning the calamity that befell concerning the calamity that befell Antiochus king of coma Shan is also Antiochus king of coma Shan is also Antiochus king of coma Shan is also concerning the Allens and what great concerning the Allens and what great concerning the Allens and what great mischiefs they did to the Medes and mischiefs they did to the Medes and mischiefs they did to the Medes and Armenians one and now in the fourth year Armenians one and now in the fourth year Armenians one and now in the fourth year of the reign of Vespasian it came to of the reign of Vespasian it came to of the reign of Vespasian it came to pass that Antiochus the king of coma pass that Antiochus the king of coma pass that Antiochus the king of coma Shan with all his family fell into very Shan with all his family fell into very Shan with all his family fell into very great calamities the occasion was this great calamities the occasion was this great calamities the occasion was this sassani is Pettis who was president of sassani is Pettis who was president of sassani is Pettis who was president of Syria at this time whether it were done Syria at this time whether it were done Syria at this time whether it were done out of regard to truth or whether out of out of regard to truth or whether out of out of regard to truth or whether out of hatred to Antiochus for which was the hatred to Antiochus for which was the hatred to Antiochus for which was the real motive was never thoroughly real motive was never thoroughly real motive was never thoroughly discovered sent an epistle to Caesar and discovered sent an epistle to Caesar and discovered sent an epistle to Caesar and therein told him that Antiochus with his therein told him that Antiochus with his therein told him that Antiochus with his son epiphanies had resolved to rebel son epiphanies had resolved to rebel son epiphanies had resolved to rebel against the Romans and had made a league against the Romans and had made a league against the Romans and had made a league with the king of Parthia to that purpose with the king of Parthia to that purpose with the king of Parthia to that purpose that it was therefore fit to prevent that it was therefore fit to prevent that it was therefore fit to prevent them lest they prevent us and begin such them lest they prevent us and begin such them lest they prevent us and begin such a war as may cause a general disturbance a war as may cause a general disturbance a war as may cause a general disturbance in the Roman Empire in the Roman Empire in the Roman Empire now Caesar was disposed to take some now Caesar was disposed to take some now Caesar was disposed to take some care about the matter since this care about the matter since this care about the matter since this discovery was made for the neighborhood discovery was made for the neighborhood discovery was made for the neighborhood of the kingdoms made this affair worthy of the kingdoms made this affair worthy of the kingdoms made this affair worthy of greater regard for Samos etta of greater regard for Samos etta of greater regard for Samos etta the capital of coma Sheen lies upon the capital of coma Sheen lies upon the capital of coma Sheen lies upon Euphrates and upon any such design could Euphrates and upon any such design could Euphrates and upon any such design could afford an easy passage over it to the afford an easy passage over it to the afford an easy passage over it to the Parthian 's and could also afford them a

Parthian 's and could also afford them a Parthian 's and could also afford them a secure reception Titus was accordingly secure reception Titus was accordingly secure reception Titus was accordingly believed and had authority given him of believed and had authority given him of believed and had authority given him of doing what he should think proper in the doing what he should think proper in the doing what he should think proper in the case so he said about it without delay case so he said about it without delay case so he said about it without delay and fell upon coma Jane before Antiochus and fell upon coma Jane before Antiochus and fell upon coma Jane before Antiochus and the people had the least expectation and the people had the least expectation and the people had the least expectation of his coming he had with him the tenth of his coming he had with him the tenth of his coming he had with him the tenth Legion has also some courts and troops Legion has also some courts and troops Legion has also some courts and troops of horse men these Kings also came to of horse men these Kings also came to of horse men these Kings also came to his assistance Aristotle is king of the his assistance Aristotle is king of the his assistance Aristotle is king of the country called chelsa Dean and so Hamas country called chelsa Dean and so Hamas country called chelsa Dean and so Hamas who was called King of Emma saw nor was who was called King of Emma saw nor was who was called King of Emma saw nor was there any opposition made to his forces there any opposition made to his forces there any opposition made to his forces when they entered the kingdom for no one when they entered the kingdom for no one when they entered the kingdom for no one of that country would so much as lift up of that country would so much as lift up of that country would so much as lift up his hand against them his hand against them his hand against them when Antiochus heard this unexpected when Antiochus heard this unexpected when Antiochus heard this unexpected news he could not think in the least of news he could not think in the least of news he could not think in the least of making making making with the Romans but determined to leave with the Romans but determined to leave with the Romans but determined to leave his whole kingdom in the state we're in his whole kingdom in the state we're in his whole kingdom in the state we're in it now was and to retire privately with it now was and to retire privately with it now was and to retire privately with his wife and children as thinking his wife and children as thinking his wife and children as thinking thereby to demonstrate himself to the thereby to demonstrate himself to the thereby to demonstrate himself to the Romans to be innocent as to the Romans to be innocent as to the Romans to be innocent as to the accusation laid against him so he went accusation laid against him so he went accusation laid against him so he went away from that city as far as a hundred away from that city as far as a hundred away from that city as far as a hundred and twenty furlongs into a plane and and twenty furlongs into a plane and and twenty furlongs into a plane and there pitched his tents to pitas then there pitched his tents to pitas then there pitched his tents to pitas then sent some of his men to seize upon Samos sent some of his men to seize upon Samos sent some of his men to seize upon Samos at day and by their means took at day and by their means took at day and by their means took possession of that city while he went possession of that city while he went possession of that city while he went himself to attack Antiochus with the himself to attack Antiochus with the himself to attack Antiochus with the rest of his army however the king was rest of his army however the king was rest of his army however the king was not prevailed upon by the distress he not prevailed upon by the distress he not prevailed upon by the distress he was in to do anything in the way of war was in to do anything in the way of war was in to do anything in the way of war against the Romans

against the Romans against the Romans but bemoaned his own hard fate and but bemoaned his own hard fate and but bemoaned his own hard fate and endured with patience what he was not endured with patience what he was not endured with patience what he was not able to prevent but his sons who were able to prevent but his sons who were able to prevent but his sons who were young and unexperienced in war but of young and unexperienced in war but of young and unexperienced in war but of strong bodies were not easily induced to strong bodies were not easily induced to strong bodies were not easily induced to bear this calamity without fighting bear this calamity without fighting bear this calamity without fighting Epiphanes therefore and politicus he Epiphanes therefore and politicus he Epiphanes therefore and politicus he took themselves to military force and as took themselves to military force and as took themselves to military force and as the battle was a sore one and lasted all the battle was a sore one and lasted all the battle was a sore one and lasted all the day long they showed their own the day long they showed their own the day long they showed their own valour in a remarkable manner and valour in a remarkable manner and valour in a remarkable manner and nothing but the approach of night put a nothing but the approach of night put a nothing but the approach of night put a period there too and that without any period there too and that without any period there too and that without any diminution of their forces yet would not diminution of their forces yet would not diminution of their forces yet would not Antiochus upon this conclusion of the Antiochus upon this conclusion of the Antiochus upon this conclusion of the fight continued there by any means but fight continued there by any means but fight continued there by any means but took his wife and his daughters and fled took his wife and his daughters and fled took his wife and his daughters and fled away with them to Silesia and by so away with them to Silesia and by so away with them to Silesia and by so doing quite discouraged the minds of his doing quite discouraged the minds of his doing quite discouraged the minds of his own soldiers accordingly they revolted own soldiers accordingly they revolted own soldiers accordingly they revolted and went over to the Romans out of the and went over to the Romans out of the and went over to the Romans out of the despair they were in of his keeping the despair they were in of his keeping the despair they were in of his keeping the kingdom and his case was looked upon by kingdom and his case was looked upon by kingdom and his case was looked upon by all as quite desperate it was therefore all as quite desperate it was therefore all as quite desperate it was therefore necessary that Epiphanes and his necessary that Epiphanes and his necessary that Epiphanes and his soldiers should get clear of their soldiers should get clear of their soldiers should get clear of their enemies before they became entirely enemies before they became entirely enemies before they became entirely destitute of any Confederates destitute of any Confederates destitute of any Confederates nor were there any more than ten nor were there any more than ten nor were there any more than ten horsemen with him who passed with him horsemen with him who passed with him horsemen with him who passed with him over Euphrates whence they went over Euphrates whence they went over Euphrates whence they went undisturbed to wolle Jesse's the king of undisturbed to wolle Jesse's the king of undisturbed to wolle Jesse's the king of Parthi a where they were not disregarded Parthi a where they were not disregarded Parthi a where they were not disregarded as fugitives but had the same respect as fugitives but had the same respect as fugitives but had the same respect paid them as if they had retained their paid them as if they had retained their paid them as if they had retained their ancient prosperity 3 now when Antiochus ancient prosperity 3 now when Antiochus ancient prosperity 3 now when Antiochus was come to Tarsus in Silesia

was come to Tarsus in Silesia was come to Tarsus in Silesia he disordered a centurion to go to him he disordered a centurion to go to him he disordered a centurion to go to him and sent him in bonds to Rome and sent him in bonds to Rome and sent him in bonds to Rome however Vespasian could not endure to however Vespasian could not endure to however Vespasian could not endure to have a king brought to him in that have a king brought to him in that have a king brought to him in that manner but thought it fit rather to have manner but thought it fit rather to have manner but thought it fit rather to have a regard to the ancient friendship that a regard to the ancient friendship that a regard to the ancient friendship that had been between them than to preserve had been between them than to preserve had been between them than to preserve an inexorable anger upon pretence of an inexorable anger upon pretence of an inexorable anger upon pretence of this war accordingly he gave orders that this war accordingly he gave orders that this war accordingly he gave orders that they should take off his bonds while he they should take off his bonds while he they should take off his bonds while he was still upon the road and that he was still upon the road and that he was still upon the road and that he should not come to Rome but should now should not come to Rome but should now should not come to Rome but should now go and live at Lacedaemon he also gave go and live at Lacedaemon he also gave go and live at Lacedaemon he also gave him large revenues that he might not him large revenues that he might not him large revenues that he might not only live in plenty but like a king also only live in plenty but like a king also only live in plenty but like a king also when Epiphanes who before was in great when Epiphanes who before was in great when Epiphanes who before was in great fear for his father was informed of this fear for his father was informed of this fear for his father was informed of this their minds were freed from that great their minds were freed from that great their minds were freed from that great and almost incurable concern they had and almost incurable concern they had and almost incurable concern they had been under he also hoped that Caesar been under he also hoped that Caesar been under he also hoped that Caesar would be reconciled to them upon the would be reconciled to them upon the would be reconciled to them upon the intercession of bollo Jesse's for intercession of bollo Jesse's for intercession of bollo Jesse's for although he lived in plenty he knew not although he lived in plenty he knew not although he lived in plenty he knew not how to bear living out of the Roman how to bear living out of the Roman how to bear living out of the Roman Empire so Caesar gave him leave after an Empire so Caesar gave him leave after an Empire so Caesar gave him leave after an obliging manner and he came to Rome and obliging manner and he came to Rome and obliging manner and he came to Rome and as his father came quickly to him from as his father came quickly to him from as his father came quickly to him from Lassa demon he had all sorts of respect Lassa demon he had all sorts of respect Lassa demon he had all sorts of respect paid him there and there he remained for paid him there and there he remained for paid him there and there he remained for now there was a nation of the Allens now there was a nation of the Allens now there was a nation of the Allens which we have formerly mentioned which we have formerly mentioned which we have formerly mentioned somewhere as being Scythian z-- and somewhere as being Scythian z-- and somewhere as being Scythian z-- and inhabiting at the lake myotis this inhabiting at the lake myotis this inhabiting at the lake myotis this nation about this time laid a design of nation about this time laid a design of nation about this time laid a design of falling upon media and the parts beyond falling upon media and the parts beyond falling upon media and the parts beyond it in order to plunder them with much

it in order to plunder them with much it in order to plunder them with much intention they treated with the king of intention they treated with the king of intention they treated with the king of here Kenya for he was master of that here Kenya for he was master of that here Kenya for he was master of that passage which King Alexander the Great passage which King Alexander the Great passage which King Alexander the Great shut up with iron gates this king gave shut up with iron gates this king gave shut up with iron gates this king gave them leave to come through them so they them leave to come through them so they them leave to come through them so they came in great multitudes and fall upon came in great multitudes and fall upon came in great multitudes and fall upon the Medes unexpectedly and plundered the Medes unexpectedly and plundered the Medes unexpectedly and plundered their country which they found full of their country which they found full of their country which they found full of people and replenished with abundance of people and replenished with abundance of people and replenished with abundance of cattle while nobody Durst make any cattle while nobody Durst make any cattle while nobody Durst make any resistance against them for peores the resistance against them for peores the resistance against them for peores the king of the country had fled away for king of the country had fled away for king of the country had fled away for fear into places where they could not fear into places where they could not fear into places where they could not easily come at him and had yielded up easily come at him and had yielded up easily come at him and had yielded up everything he had to them and had only everything he had to them and had only everything he had to them and had only saved his wife and his concubines from saved his wife and his concubines from saved his wife and his concubines from them and that with difficulty also after them and that with difficulty also after them and that with difficulty also after they had been made captives by they had been made captives by they had been made captives by giving them a hundred talents for their giving them a hundred talents for their giving them a hundred talents for their ransom these Allen's fare for plundered ransom these Allen's fare for plundered ransom these Allen's fare for plundered the country without opposition and with the country without opposition and with the country without opposition and with great ease and proceeded as far as great ease and proceeded as far as great ease and proceeded as far as Armenia laying all waste before them now Armenia laying all waste before them now Armenia laying all waste before them now Tara Dante's was king of that country Tara Dante's was king of that country Tara Dante's was king of that country who met them and fought them but had who met them and fought them but had who met them and fought them but had liked to have been taken alive in the liked to have been taken alive in the liked to have been taken alive in the battle for a certain man through a net battle for a certain man through a net battle for a certain man through a net over him from a great distance and had over him from a great distance and had over him from a great distance and had soon drawn him to him unless he had soon drawn him to him unless he had soon drawn him to him unless he had immediately cut the cord with his sword immediately cut the cord with his sword immediately cut the cord with his sword and ran away and ran away and ran away and prevented it so the Alan's being and prevented it so the Alan's being and prevented it so the Alan's being still more provoked by this sight laid still more provoked by this sight laid still more provoked by this sight laid waste the country and drove a great waste the country and drove a great waste the country and drove a great multitude of the men and a great multitude of the men and a great multitude of the men and a great quantity of the other prey they had quantity of the other prey they had quantity of the other prey they had gotten out of both kingdoms along with gotten out of both kingdoms along with gotten out of both kingdoms along with them and then retreated back to their them and then retreated back to their them and then retreated back to their own country end of book seven chapters

own country end of book seven chapters own country end of book seven chapters six and seven book seven chapter eight part one of the book seven chapter eight part one of the Wars of the Jews this is a librivox Wars of the Jews this is a librivox Wars of the Jews this is a librivox recording all librivox recordings are in recording all librivox recordings are in recording all librivox recordings are in the public domain for more information the public domain for more information the public domain for more information or to volunteer please visit or to volunteer please visit or to volunteer please visit librivox.org recording by david Leeson librivox.org recording by david Leeson librivox.org recording by david Leeson the Wars of the Jews by Flavius Josephus the Wars of the Jews by Flavius Josephus the Wars of the Jews by Flavius Josephus translated by William Weston book 7 translated by William Weston book 7 translated by William Weston book 7 chapter 8 part one concerning Masada and chapter 8 part one concerning Masada and chapter 8 part one concerning Masada and those Sakaki I who kept it and how Sylva those Sakaki I who kept it and how Sylva those Sakaki I who kept it and how Sylva be took himself to form the siege of be took himself to form the siege of be took himself to form the siege of that Citadel Eliezer speeches to the that Citadel Eliezer speeches to the that Citadel Eliezer speeches to the besieged when Vasus was dead in Judea besieged when Vasus was dead in Judea besieged when Vasus was dead in Judea Flavius Silva succeeded him as Flavius Silva succeeded him as Flavius Silva succeeded him as procurator there who when he saw that procurator there who when he saw that procurator there who when he saw that all the rest of the country was subdued all the rest of the country was subdued all the rest of the country was subdued in this war and that there was but one in this war and that there was but one in this war and that there was but one only stronghold that was still in only stronghold that was still in only stronghold that was still in rebellion he got all his army together rebellion he got all his army together rebellion he got all his army together that lay in different places and made an that lay in different places and made an that lay in different places and made an expedition against it this fortress was expedition against it this fortress was expedition against it this fortress was called Masada it was one Eleazar a called Masada it was one Eleazar a called Masada it was one Eleazar a potent man and the commander of the potent man and the commander of the potent man and the commander of the Sicari eye that had seized upon it he Sicari eye that had seized upon it he Sicari eye that had seized upon it he was a descendent from that Judas who had was a descendent from that Judas who had was a descendent from that Judas who had persuaded abundance of the Jews as we persuaded abundance of the Jews as we persuaded abundance of the Jews as we have formerly related not to submit to have formerly related not to submit to have formerly related not to submit to the taxation when Cyrenius was sent into

the taxation when Cyrenius was sent into the taxation when Cyrenius was sent into Judea to make one for then it was that Judea to make one for then it was that Judea to make one for then it was that the Sicari I got together against those the Sicari I got together against those the Sicari I got together against those that were willing to submit to the that were willing to submit to the that were willing to submit to the Romans and treated them in all respects Romans and treated them in all respects Romans and treated them in all respects as if they had been their enemies both as if they had been their enemies both as if they had been their enemies both by plundering them of what they had by by plundering them of what they had by by plundering them of what they had by driving away their cattle and by setting driving away their cattle and by setting driving away their cattle and by setting fire to their houses for they said that fire to their houses for they said that fire to their houses for they said that they differed not at all from foreigners they differed not at all from foreigners they differed not at all from foreigners by betraying in so cowardly a manner by betraying in so cowardly a manner by betraying in so cowardly a manner that freedom which Jews thought worthy that freedom which Jews thought worthy that freedom which Jews thought worthy to be contended for to the utmost and by to be contended for to the utmost and by to be contended for to the utmost and by owning that they preferred slavery under owning that they preferred slavery under owning that they preferred slavery under the Romans before such a contention now the Romans before such a contention now the Romans before such a contention now this was in reality no better than a this was in reality no better than a this was in reality no better than a pretence and a cloak for the barbarity pretence and a cloak for the barbarity pretence and a cloak for the barbarity which was made use of by them and to which was made use of by them and to which was made use of by them and to color over their own avarice which they color over their own avarice which they color over their own avarice which they afterwards made evident by their own afterwards made evident by their own afterwards made evident by their own actions for those that were partners actions for those that were partners actions for those that were partners with with with in their rebellion joined also with them in their rebellion joined also with them in their rebellion joined also with them in their war against the Romans and went in their war against the Romans and went in their war against the Romans and went further lengths with them in their further lengths with them in their further lengths with them in their impudent undertakings against them and impudent undertakings against them and impudent undertakings against them and when they were again convicted of when they were again convicted of when they were again convicted of dissembling in such their pretenses they dissembling in such their pretenses they dissembling in such their pretenses they still more abused those that justly still more abused those that justly still more abused those that justly reproached them for their wickedness and reproached them for their wickedness and reproached them for their wickedness and indeed that was a time most fertile in indeed that was a time most fertile in indeed that was a time most fertile in all manner of wicked practices in so all manner of wicked practices in so all manner of wicked practices in so much that no kind of evil deeds were much that no kind of evil deeds were much that no kind of evil deeds were then left undone nor could anyone so then left undone nor could anyone so then left undone nor could anyone so much as devise any bad thing that was much as devise any bad thing that was much as devise any bad thing that was new so deeply were they all infected and new so deeply were they all infected and new so deeply were they all infected and strove with one another in their single strove with one another in their single strove with one another in their single capacity and in their communities who

capacity and in their communities who capacity and in their communities who should run the greatest lengths in should run the greatest lengths in should run the greatest lengths in impiety towards God and in unjust impiety towards God and in unjust impiety towards God and in unjust actions towards their neighbors the men actions towards their neighbors the men actions towards their neighbors the men of power oppressing the multitude and of power oppressing the multitude and of power oppressing the multitude and the multitude earnestly laboring to the multitude earnestly laboring to the multitude earnestly laboring to destroy the men of power the one part destroy the men of power the one part destroy the men of power the one part were desirous of Tiran izing over others were desirous of Tiran izing over others were desirous of Tiran izing over others and the rest of offering violence to and the rest of offering violence to and the rest of offering violence to others and of plundering such as were others and of plundering such as were others and of plundering such as were richer than themselves richer than themselves richer than themselves they were the Sicari I who first began they were the Sicari I who first began they were the Sicari I who first began these transgressions and first became these transgressions and first became these transgressions and first became barbarous toward those allied to them barbarous toward those allied to them barbarous toward those allied to them and left no words of reproach unsaid and and left no words of reproach unsaid and and left no words of reproach unsaid and no works of perdition untried in order no works of perdition untried in order no works of perdition untried in order to destroy those whom their contrivances to destroy those whom their contrivances to destroy those whom their contrivances affected yet did John demonstrate by his affected yet did John demonstrate by his affected yet did John demonstrate by his actions that these Sakaki I were more actions that these Sakaki I were more actions that these Sakaki I were more moderate than he was himself for he not moderate than he was himself for he not moderate than he was himself for he not only slew all such as gave him good only slew all such as gave him good only slew all such as gave him good counsel to do what was right but treated counsel to do what was right but treated counsel to do what was right but treated them worst of all as the most bitter them worst of all as the most bitter them worst of all as the most bitter enemies that he had among all the enemies that he had among all the enemies that he had among all the citizens nay he filled his entire citizens nay he filled his entire citizens nay he filled his entire country with ten thousand instances of country with ten thousand instances of country with ten thousand instances of wickedness such as a man who was already wickedness such as a man who was already wickedness such as a man who was already hardened sufficiently in his impiety hardened sufficiently in his impiety hardened sufficiently in his impiety towards God would naturally do for the towards God would naturally do for the towards God would naturally do for the food was unlawful that was set upon his food was unlawful that was set upon his food was unlawful that was set upon his table and he rejected those table and he rejected those table and he rejected those purifications that the law of his purifications that the law of his purifications that the law of his country had ordained so that it was no country had ordained so that it was no country had ordained so that it was no longer a wonder if he who was so mad in longer a wonder if he who was so mad in longer a wonder if he who was so mad in his impiety towards God did not observe his impiety towards God did not observe his impiety towards God did not observe any rules of gentleness and common any rules of gentleness and common any rules of gentleness and common affection towards men again therefore

affection towards men again therefore affection towards men again therefore what mischief was there which Simon what mischief was there which Simon what mischief was there which Simon the son of guy horas did not do or what the son of guy horas did not do or what the son of guy horas did not do or what kind of abuses did he abstain from as to kind of abuses did he abstain from as to kind of abuses did he abstain from as to those very freemen who had set him up those very freemen who had set him up those very freemen who had set him up for a tyrant what friendship or kindred for a tyrant what friendship or kindred for a tyrant what friendship or kindred were there that did not make him more were there that did not make him more were there that did not make him more bold in his daily murders for they bold in his daily murders for they bold in his daily murders for they looked upon the doing of mischief to looked upon the doing of mischief to looked upon the doing of mischief to strangers only as a work beneath their strangers only as a work beneath their strangers only as a work beneath their courage but thought their barbarity courage but thought their barbarity courage but thought their barbarity towards their nearest relations would be towards their nearest relations would be towards their nearest relations would be a glorious demonstration thereof the eye a glorious demonstration thereof the eye a glorious demonstration thereof the eye demands also strove with these men who demands also strove with these men who demands also strove with these men who should be guilty of the greatest madness should be guilty of the greatest madness should be guilty of the greatest madness for they all vile wretches as they were for they all vile wretches as they were for they all vile wretches as they were cut the throats of the high priests that cut the throats of the high priests that cut the throats of the high priests that so no part of a religious regard to God so no part of a religious regard to God so no part of a religious regard to God might be preserved might be preserved might be preserved they thence proceeded to destroy utterly they thence proceeded to destroy utterly they thence proceeded to destroy utterly the least remains of a political the least remains of a political the least remains of a political government and introduced the most government and introduced the most government and introduced the most complete scene of iniquity in all complete scene of iniquity in all complete scene of iniquity in all instances that were practicable under instances that were practicable under instances that were practicable under which scene that sort of people that which scene that sort of people that which scene that sort of people that were called zealots grew up and who were called zealots grew up and who were called zealots grew up and who indeed corresponded to the name for they indeed corresponded to the name for they indeed corresponded to the name for they imitated every wicked work nor if their imitated every wicked work nor if their imitated every wicked work nor if their memory suggested any evil thing that had memory suggested any evil thing that had memory suggested any evil thing that had formerly been done did they avoid formerly been done did they avoid formerly been done did they avoid zealously to pursue the same and zealously to pursue the same and zealously to pursue the same and although they gave themselves that name although they gave themselves that name although they gave themselves that name from their zeal for what was good yet from their zeal for what was good yet from their zeal for what was good yet did it agree to them only by way of did it agree to them only by way of did it agree to them only by way of irony on account of those they had irony on account of those they had irony on account of those they had unjustly treated by their wild and unjustly treated by their wild and unjustly treated by their wild and brutish disposition or as thinking the brutish disposition or as thinking the brutish disposition or as thinking the greatest mischief to be the greatest greatest mischief to be the greatest greatest mischief to be the greatest good accordingly they all met with such

good accordingly they all met with such good accordingly they all met with such ends as God deservedly brought upon them ends as God deservedly brought upon them ends as God deservedly brought upon them in way of punishment for all such in way of punishment for all such in way of punishment for all such miseries have been sent upon them as miseries have been sent upon them as miseries have been sent upon them as man's nature is capable of undergoing man's nature is capable of undergoing man's nature is capable of undergoing till the utmost period of their lives till the utmost period of their lives till the utmost period of their lives until death came upon them in various until death came upon them in various until death came upon them in various ways of torment yet might once a justly ways of torment yet might once a justly ways of torment yet might once a justly that they suffered less than they had that they suffered less than they had that they suffered less than they had done because it was impossible they done because it was impossible they done because it was impossible they could be punished according to their could be punished according to their could be punished according to their deserving but to make a lamentation deserving but to make a lamentation deserving but to make a lamentation according to the deserts of those who according to the deserts of those who according to the deserts of those who fell under these men's barbarity this is fell under these men's barbarity this is fell under these men's barbarity this is not a proper place for it I therefore not a proper place for it I therefore not a proper place for it I therefore now return again to the remaining part now return again to the remaining part now return again to the remaining part of the present narration for now it was of the present narration for now it was of the present narration for now it was that the Roman general came that the Roman general came that the Roman general came and led his army against Eleazar and and led his army against Eleazar and and led his army against Eleazar and those sick REI who held the fortress those sick REI who held the fortress those sick REI who held the fortress Masada together with him and for the Masada together with him and for the Masada together with him and for the whole country adjoining he presently whole country adjoining he presently whole country adjoining he presently gained it and put Garrison's in through gained it and put Garrison's in through gained it and put Garrison's in through the most proper places of it he also the most proper places of it he also the most proper places of it he also built a wall quite round the entire built a wall quite round the entire built a wall quite round the entire fortress that none of the besieged might fortress that none of the besieged might fortress that none of the besieged might easily escape easily escape easily escape he also set his men to guard the several he also set his men to guard the several he also set his men to guard the several parts of it parts of it parts of it he also pitched his camp in such an he also pitched his camp in such an he also pitched his camp in such an agreeable place as he had chosen for the agreeable place as he had chosen for the agreeable place as he had chosen for the siege and at which place de rock siege and at which place de rock siege and at which place de rock belonging to the fortress did make the belonging to the fortress did make the belonging to the fortress did make the nearest approach to the neighboring nearest approach to the neighboring nearest approach to the neighboring Mountain which yet was a place of Mountain which yet was a place of Mountain which yet was a place of difficulty for getting plenty of difficulty for getting plenty of difficulty for getting plenty of provisions for it was not only food that provisions for it was not only food that provisions for it was not only food that was to be brought from a great distance was to be brought from a great distance was to be brought from a great distance to the army and this with a great deal

to the army and this with a great deal to the army and this with a great deal of pain to those Jews who were appointed of pain to those Jews who were appointed of pain to those Jews who were appointed for that purpose but water was also to for that purpose but water was also to for that purpose but water was also to be brought to the camp because the place be brought to the camp because the place be brought to the camp because the place afforded no fountain that was near it afforded no fountain that was near it afforded no fountain that was near it when therefore Sylva had ordered these when therefore Sylva had ordered these when therefore Sylva had ordered these affairs beforehand he fell to besieging affairs beforehand he fell to besieging affairs beforehand he fell to besieging the place which siege was likely to the place which siege was likely to the place which siege was likely to stand in need of a great deal of skill stand in need of a great deal of skill stand in need of a great deal of skill and pains by reason of the strength of and pains by reason of the strength of and pains by reason of the strength of the fortress the nature of which I will the fortress the nature of which I will the fortress the nature of which I will now describe there was a rock not small now describe there was a rock not small now describe there was a rock not small in circumference and very high it was in circumference and very high it was in circumference and very high it was encompassed with valleys of such vast encompassed with valleys of such vast encompassed with valleys of such vast depth downward that the eye could not depth downward that the eye could not depth downward that the eye could not reach their bottoms reach their bottoms reach their bottoms they were abrupt and such as no animal they were abrupt and such as no animal they were abrupt and such as no animal could walk upon accepting at two places could walk upon accepting at two places could walk upon accepting at two places of the rock where it subsides in order of the rock where it subsides in order of the rock where it subsides in order to afford a passage for ascent though to afford a passage for ascent though to afford a passage for ascent though not without difficulty now of the ways not without difficulty now of the ways not without difficulty now of the ways that lead to it one is that from the that lead to it one is that from the that lead to it one is that from the lake asphalt terrace towards the Sun lake asphalt terrace towards the Sun lake asphalt terrace towards the Sun rising and another on the west where the rising and another on the west where the rising and another on the west where the ascent is easier the one of these ways ascent is easier the one of these ways ascent is easier the one of these ways is called the serpent as resembling that is called the serpent as resembling that is called the serpent as resembling that animal in its narrowness and it's animal in its narrowness and it's animal in its narrowness and it's perpetual windings for it is broken off perpetual windings for it is broken off perpetual windings for it is broken off at the prominent precipices of the rock at the prominent precipices of the rock at the prominent precipices of the rock and returns frequently into itself and and returns frequently into itself and and returns frequently into itself and lengthening again by little and little lengthening again by little and little lengthening again by little and little hath much adieu to proceed forward and hath much adieu to proceed forward and hath much adieu to proceed forward and he that would walk along it must first he that would walk along it must first he that would walk along it must first go on one leg go on one leg go on one leg on the other there is also nothing but on the other there is also nothing but on the other there is also nothing but destruction in case your feet slip four

destruction in case your feet slip four destruction in case your feet slip four on each side there is a vastly deep on each side there is a vastly deep on each side there is a vastly deep chasm and precipice sufficient to quell chasm and precipice sufficient to quell chasm and precipice sufficient to quell the courage of every body by the terror the courage of every body by the terror the courage of every body by the terror it infuses into the mind when therefore it infuses into the mind when therefore it infuses into the mind when therefore a man hath gone along this way for a man hath gone along this way for a man hath gone along this way for thirty furlongs the rest is the top of thirty furlongs the rest is the top of thirty furlongs the rest is the top of the hill not ending at a small point but the hill not ending at a small point but the hill not ending at a small point but it is no other than a plain upon the it is no other than a plain upon the it is no other than a plain upon the highest part of the mountain upon this highest part of the mountain upon this highest part of the mountain upon this top of the hill Jonathan the high priest top of the hill Jonathan the high priest top of the hill Jonathan the high priest first of all built a fortress and called first of all built a fortress and called first of all built a fortress and called it Masada after which the rebuilding of it Masada after which the rebuilding of it Masada after which the rebuilding of this place employed the care of King this place employed the care of King this place employed the care of King Herod to a great degree he also built a Herod to a great degree he also built a Herod to a great degree he also built a wall round about the entire top of the wall round about the entire top of the wall round about the entire top of the hill seven furlongs long it was composed hill seven furlongs long it was composed hill seven furlongs long it was composed of white stone its height was twelve and of white stone its height was twelve and of white stone its height was twelve and its breadth eight cubits its breadth eight cubits its breadth eight cubits there were also erected upon that wall there were also erected upon that wall there were also erected upon that wall thirty-eight towers each of them 50 thirty-eight towers each of them 50 thirty-eight towers each of them 50 cubits high out of which you might pass cubits high out of which you might pass cubits high out of which you might pass into lesser edifices which were built on into lesser edifices which were built on into lesser edifices which were built on the inside round the entire wall for the the inside round the entire wall for the the inside round the entire wall for the king reserved the top of the hill which king reserved the top of the hill which king reserved the top of the hill which was of a fat soil and better mould than was of a fat soil and better mould than was of a fat soil and better mould than any Valley for agriculture that such as any Valley for agriculture that such as any Valley for agriculture that such as committed themselves to this fortress committed themselves to this fortress committed themselves to this fortress for their preservation might not even for their preservation might not even for their preservation might not even there be quite destitute of food in case there be quite destitute of food in case there be quite destitute of food in case they should ever be in want of it from they should ever be in want of it from they should ever be in want of it from abroad moreover he built a palace there abroad moreover he built a palace there abroad moreover he built a palace there and at the western ascent it was within and at the western ascent it was within and at the western ascent it was within and beneath the walls of the Citadel but and beneath the walls of the Citadel but and beneath the walls of the Citadel but inclined to its north side now the wall inclined to its north side now the wall inclined to its north side now the wall of this palace was very high and strong

of this palace was very high and strong of this palace was very high and strong and had at its four corners towers 60 and had at its four corners towers 60 and had at its four corners towers 60 cubits high the furniture also of the cubits high the furniture also of the cubits high the furniture also of the edifices and of the cloisters and of the edifices and of the cloisters and of the edifices and of the cloisters and of the baths was of great variety and very baths was of great variety and very baths was of great variety and very costly and these buildings were costly and these buildings were costly and these buildings were supported by pillars of single stones on supported by pillars of single stones on supported by pillars of single stones on every side the walls and also the floors every side the walls and also the floors every side the walls and also the floors of the edifices were paved with stones of the edifices were paved with stones of the edifices were paved with stones of several colors he also had cut many of several colors he also had cut many of several colors he also had cut many and great pits as reservoirs for water and great pits as reservoirs for water and great pits as reservoirs for water out of the rocks and at every one of the out of the rocks and at every one of the out of the rocks and at every one of the places that were inhabited both above places that were inhabited both above places that were inhabited both above and round about the palace and before and round about the palace and before and round about the palace and before the wall the wall the wall and by this contrivance he endeavoured and by this contrivance he endeavoured and by this contrivance he endeavoured to have water for several uses as if to have water for several uses as if to have water for several uses as if there had been fountains there here was there had been fountains there here was there had been fountains there here was also a road digged from the palace and also a road digged from the palace and also a road digged from the palace and leading to the very top of the mountain leading to the very top of the mountain leading to the very top of the mountain which yet could not be seen by such as which yet could not be seen by such as which yet could not be seen by such as were without the walls nor indeed could were without the walls nor indeed could were without the walls nor indeed could enemies easily make use of the plain enemies easily make use of the plain enemies easily make use of the plain roads for the road on the east side as roads for the road on the east side as roads for the road on the east side as we have already taken notice could not we have already taken notice could not we have already taken notice could not be walked upon by reason of its nature be walked upon by reason of its nature be walked upon by reason of its nature and for the Western road and for the Western road and for the Western road he built a large tower at its narrowest he built a large tower at its narrowest he built a large tower at its narrowest place at no less a distance from the top place at no less a distance from the top place at no less a distance from the top of the hill than a thousand cubits which of the hill than a thousand cubits which of the hill than a thousand cubits which tower could not possibly be passed by tower could not possibly be passed by tower could not possibly be passed by nor could it be easily taken nor indeed nor could it be easily taken nor indeed nor could it be easily taken nor indeed could those that walked along it without could those that walked along it without could those that walked along it without any fear such was its contrivance easily any fear such was its contrivance easily any fear such was its contrivance easily get to the end of it and after such a get to the end of it and after such a get to the end of it and after such a manner was this citadel fortified both

manner was this citadel fortified both manner was this citadel fortified both by nature and by the hands of men in by nature and by the hands of men in by nature and by the hands of men in order to frustrate the attacks of order to frustrate the attacks of order to frustrate the attacks of enemies as for the furniture that was enemies as for the furniture that was enemies as for the furniture that was within this fortress it was still more within this fortress it was still more within this fortress it was still more wonderful on account of its splendor and wonderful on account of its splendor and wonderful on account of its splendor and long continuance for here was laid up long continuance for here was laid up long continuance for here was laid up corn in large quantities and such as corn in large quantities and such as corn in large quantities and such as would subsist men for a long time here would subsist men for a long time here would subsist men for a long time here was also wine and oil in abundance with was also wine and oil in abundance with was also wine and oil in abundance with all kinds of pulse and dates heaped up all kinds of pulse and dates heaped up all kinds of pulse and dates heaped up together all which le azar found there together all which le azar found there together all which le azar found there when he and his Sicario got possession when he and his Sicario got possession when he and his Sicario got possession of the fortress by treachery these of the fortress by treachery these of the fortress by treachery these fruits were also fresh and full ripe and fruits were also fresh and full ripe and fruits were also fresh and full ripe and no way inferior to such fruits newly no way inferior to such fruits newly no way inferior to such fruits newly laid in although they were little short laid in although they were little short laid in although they were little short of a hundred years from the laying in of a hundred years from the laying in of a hundred years from the laying in these provisions by herod till the place these provisions by herod till the place these provisions by herod till the place was taken by the Romans nay indeed when was taken by the Romans nay indeed when was taken by the Romans nay indeed when the Romans got possession of those the Romans got possession of those the Romans got possession of those fruits that were left they found them fruits that were left they found them fruits that were left they found them not corrupted all that while nor should not corrupted all that while nor should not corrupted all that while nor should we be mistaken if we supposed that the we be mistaken if we supposed that the we be mistaken if we supposed that the air was here the cause of their enduring air was here the cause of their enduring air was here the cause of their enduring so long dis fortress being so high and so long dis fortress being so high and so long dis fortress being so high and so free from the mixture of all terrain so free from the mixture of all terrain so free from the mixture of all terrain and muddy particles of matter there was and muddy particles of matter there was and muddy particles of matter there was also found here a large quantity of all also found here a large quantity of all also found here a large quantity of all sorts of weapons of war which had been sorts of weapons of war which had been sorts of weapons of war which had been treasured up by the treasured up by the treasured up by the King and were sufficient for 10,000 men King and were sufficient for 10,000 men King and were sufficient for 10,000 men there was cast iron and brass and ten there was cast iron and brass and ten there was cast iron and brass and ten which showed that he had taken much which showed that he had taken much which showed that he had taken much pains to have all things here ready for

pains to have all things here ready for pains to have all things here ready for the greatest occasions for the report the greatest occasions for the report the greatest occasions for the report goes how Herod thus prepared this goes how Herod thus prepared this goes how Herod thus prepared this fortress on his own account as a refuge fortress on his own account as a refuge fortress on his own account as a refuge against two kinds of danger the one for against two kinds of danger the one for against two kinds of danger the one for fear of the multitude of the Jews lest fear of the multitude of the Jews lest fear of the multitude of the Jews lest they should depose him and restore their they should depose him and restore their they should depose him and restore their former Kings to the government the other former Kings to the government the other former Kings to the government the other danger was greater and more terrible danger was greater and more terrible danger was greater and more terrible which arose from Cleopatra queen of which arose from Cleopatra queen of which arose from Cleopatra queen of Egypt who did not conceal her intentions Egypt who did not conceal her intentions Egypt who did not conceal her intentions but spoke often to Antony and desired but spoke often to Antony and desired but spoke often to Antony and desired him to cut off Herod and entreated him him to cut off Herod and entreated him him to cut off Herod and entreated him to bestow the kingdom of Judea upon her to bestow the kingdom of Judea upon her to bestow the kingdom of Judea upon her and certainly it is a great wonder that and certainly it is a great wonder that and certainly it is a great wonder that Antony did never comply with her Antony did never comply with her Antony did never comply with her commands in this point as he was so commands in this point as he was so commands in this point as he was so miserably enslaved to his passion for miserably enslaved to his passion for miserably enslaved to his passion for her nor should anyone have been her nor should anyone have been her nor should anyone have been surprised if she had been gratified in surprised if she had been gratified in surprised if she had been gratified in such her requests so the fear of these such her requests so the fear of these such her requests so the fear of these dangers made Herod rebuild Masada and dangers made Herod rebuild Masada and dangers made Herod rebuild Masada and thereby leave it for the finishing thereby leave it for the finishing thereby leave it for the finishing stroke of the Romans in this Jewish war stroke of the Romans in this Jewish war stroke of the Romans in this Jewish war since therefore the Roman commander since therefore the Roman commander since therefore the Roman commander Silva had now built a wall on the Silva had now built a wall on the Silva had now built a wall on the outside round about this whole place as outside round about this whole place as outside round about this whole place as we have said already and had thereby we have said already and had thereby we have said already and had thereby made a most accurate provision to made a most accurate provision to made a most accurate provision to prevent any one of the besieged running prevent any one of the besieged running prevent any one of the besieged running away he undertook the siege itself away he undertook the siege itself away he undertook the siege itself though he found but one single place though he found but one single place though he found but one single place that would admit of the banks he was to that would admit of the banks he was to that would admit of the banks he was to raise for behind that Tower which raise for behind that Tower which raise for behind that Tower which secured the road that led to the palace secured the road that led to the palace secured the road that led to the palace and to the top of the hill from the West and to the top of the hill from the West and to the top of the hill from the West there was a certain imminency of the

there was a certain imminency of the there was a certain imminency of the rock very broad and very prominent but rock very broad and very prominent but rock very broad and very prominent but three hundred cubits beneath the highest three hundred cubits beneath the highest three hundred cubits beneath the highest part of Masada it was called the white part of Masada it was called the white part of Masada it was called the white promontory accordingly he got upon that promontory accordingly he got upon that promontory accordingly he got upon that part of the rock and ordered the army to part of the rock and ordered the army to part of the rock and ordered the army to bring earth and when they fell to that bring earth and when they fell to that bring earth and when they fell to that work with alacrity and abundance of them work with alacrity and abundance of them work with alacrity and abundance of them together the bank was raised and became together the bank was raised and became together the bank was raised and became solid for two hundred cubits in height solid for two hundred cubits in height solid for two hundred cubits in height yet was not this Bank thought yet was not this Bank thought yet was not this Bank thought sufficiently high for the use of the sufficiently high for the use of the sufficiently high for the use of the engines that were to be set upon it but engines that were to be set upon it but engines that were to be set upon it but still another elevated work of still another elevated work of still another elevated work of great stones compacted together was great stones compacted together was great stones compacted together was raised upon that Bank this was 50 cubits raised upon that Bank this was 50 cubits raised upon that Bank this was 50 cubits both in breadth and height the other both in breadth and height the other both in breadth and height the other machines that were now got ready were machines that were now got ready were machines that were now got ready were liked to those that had been first liked to those that had been first liked to those that had been first devised by Vespasian and afterwards by devised by Vespasian and afterwards by devised by Vespasian and afterwards by Titus for sieges there was also a tower Titus for sieges there was also a tower Titus for sieges there was also a tower made of the height of 60 cubits and all made of the height of 60 cubits and all made of the height of 60 cubits and all over plated with iron out of which the over plated with iron out of which the over plated with iron out of which the Romans threw darts and stones from the Romans threw darts and stones from the Romans threw darts and stones from the engines and soon made those that fought engines and soon made those that fought engines and soon made those that fought from the walls of the place to retire from the walls of the place to retire from the walls of the place to retire and would not let them lift up their and would not let them lift up their and would not let them lift up their heads above the works at the same time heads above the works at the same time heads above the works at the same time Silva ordered that great battering ram Silva ordered that great battering ram Silva ordered that great battering ram which he had made to be brought thither which he had made to be brought thither which he had made to be brought thither and to be set against the wall and to and to be set against the wall and to and to be set against the wall and to make frequent batteries against it which make frequent batteries against it which make frequent batteries against it which with some difficulty broke down a part with some difficulty broke down a part with some difficulty broke down a part of the wall and quite overthrew it of the wall and quite overthrew it of the wall and quite overthrew it however however however the Sicari I made haste and presently the Sicari I made haste and presently the Sicari I made haste and presently built another wall within that which

built another wall within that which built another wall within that which should not be liable to the same should not be liable to the same should not be liable to the same misfortune from the machines with the misfortune from the machines with the misfortune from the machines with the other it was made soft and yielding and other it was made soft and yielding and other it was made soft and yielding and so was capable of avoiding the terrible so was capable of avoiding the terrible so was capable of avoiding the terrible blows that affected the other it was blows that affected the other it was blows that affected the other it was framed after the following manner framed after the following manner framed after the following manner they laid together great beams of wood they laid together great beams of wood they laid together great beams of wood lengthways one close to the end of lengthways one close to the end of lengthways one close to the end of another and the same way in which they another and the same way in which they another and the same way in which they were cut there were two of these rows were cut there were two of these rows were cut there were two of these rows parallel to one another and laid at such parallel to one another and laid at such parallel to one another and laid at such a distance from each other as the a distance from each other as the a distance from each other as the breadth of the wall required and earth breadth of the wall required and earth breadth of the wall required and earth was put into the space between those was put into the space between those was put into the space between those rows now that the earth might not fall rows now that the earth might not fall rows now that the earth might not fall away upon the elevation of this bank to away upon the elevation of this bank to away upon the elevation of this bank to a greater height they further laid other a greater height they further laid other a greater height they further laid other beams over crossed them and thereby beams over crossed them and thereby beams over crossed them and thereby bound those beams together that lay bound those beams together that lay bound those beams together that lay lengthways this work of theirs was like lengthways this work of theirs was like lengthways this work of theirs was like a real edifice and when the machines a real edifice and when the machines a real edifice and when the machines were applied the blows were weakened by were applied the blows were weakened by were applied the blows were weakened by its yielding and as the materials by its yielding and as the materials by its yielding and as the materials by such concussion were shaken closer such concussion were shaken closer such concussion were shaken closer together the pile by that means became together the pile by that means became together the pile by that means became firmer than before when Silva saw this firmer than before when Silva saw this firmer than before when Silva saw this he thought it best to endeavor the he thought it best to endeavor the he thought it best to endeavor the taking of this wall by setting fire to taking of this wall by setting fire to taking of this wall by setting fire to it so he gave orders that the soldiers it so he gave orders that the soldiers it so he gave orders that the soldiers should throw a great number of burning should throw a great number of burning should throw a great number of burning torches upon it accordingly torches upon it accordingly torches upon it accordingly as it was chiefly made of wood it soon as it was chiefly made of wood it soon as it was chiefly made of wood it soon took fire and when it was once set on took fire and when it was once set on took fire and when it was once set on fire its hollowness made that fire fire its hollowness made that fire fire its hollowness made that fire spread to a mighty flame now at the very spread to a mighty flame now at the very spread to a mighty flame now at the very beginning of this fire a north wind that beginning of this fire a north wind that beginning of this fire a north wind that then blew proved terrible to the Romans

then blew proved terrible to the Romans then blew proved terrible to the Romans for by bringing the flame downward it for by bringing the flame downward it for by bringing the flame downward it drove it upon them and they were almost drove it upon them and they were almost drove it upon them and they were almost in despair of success as fearing their in despair of success as fearing their in despair of success as fearing their machines would be burnt but after this machines would be burnt but after this machines would be burnt but after this on a sudden the wind changed into the on a sudden the wind changed into the on a sudden the wind changed into the south as if it were done by divine south as if it were done by divine south as if it were done by divine providence and blew strongly the providence and blew strongly the providence and blew strongly the contrary way and carried the flame and contrary way and carried the flame and contrary way and carried the flame and drove it against the wall which was now drove it against the wall which was now drove it against the wall which was now on fire through its entire thickness so on fire through its entire thickness so on fire through its entire thickness so the Romans having now assistance from the Romans having now assistance from the Romans having now assistance from God returned to their camp with joy and God returned to their camp with joy and God returned to their camp with joy and resolved to attack their enemies the resolved to attack their enemies the resolved to attack their enemies the very next day on which occasion they set very next day on which occasion they set very next day on which occasion they set their watch more carefully that night their watch more carefully that night their watch more carefully that night lest any of the Jews should run away lest any of the Jews should run away lest any of the Jews should run away from them without being discovered end from them without being discovered end from them without being discovered end of book 7 chapter 8 of book 7 chapter 8 of book 7 chapter 8 part 1 book 7 chapter 8 part 2 of the part 1 book 7 chapter 8 part 2 of the part 1 book 7 chapter 8 part 2 of the wars of the Jews this is a librivox wars of the Jews this is a librivox wars of the Jews this is a librivox recording all librivox recordings are in recording all librivox recordings are in recording all librivox recordings are in the public domain for more information the public domain for more information the public domain for more information or to volunteer please visit or to volunteer please visit or to volunteer please visit librivox.org recording by david Leeson librivox.org recording by david Leeson librivox.org recording by david Leeson the Wars of the Jews by Flavius Josephus the Wars of the Jews by Flavius Josephus the Wars of the Jews by Flavius Josephus translated by William Whiston chapter 8 translated by William Whiston chapter 8 translated by William Whiston chapter 8 part 2 however neither did Eliezer once part 2 however neither did Eliezer once part 2 however neither did Eliezer once think of flying away nor would he permit

think of flying away nor would he permit think of flying away nor would he permit anyone else to do so but when he saw anyone else to do so but when he saw anyone else to do so but when he saw their wall burned down by the fire and their wall burned down by the fire and their wall burned down by the fire and could devise no other way of escaping or could devise no other way of escaping or could devise no other way of escaping or room for their further courage and room for their further courage and room for their further courage and setting before their eyes what the setting before their eyes what the setting before their eyes what the Romans would do to them their children Romans would do to them their children Romans would do to them their children and their wives if they got them into and their wives if they got them into and their wives if they got them into their power he consulted about having their power he consulted about having their power he consulted about having them all slain now as he judged this to them all slain now as he judged this to them all slain now as he judged this to be the best thing they could do in their be the best thing they could do in their be the best thing they could do in their present circumstance present circumstance present circumstance he gathered the most courageous of his he gathered the most courageous of his he gathered the most courageous of his companions together and encouraged them companions together and encouraged them companions together and encouraged them to take that course by a speech which he to take that course by a speech which he to take that course by a speech which he made to them in the manner following made to them in the manner following made to them in the manner following since we long ago my generous friends since we long ago my generous friends since we long ago my generous friends resolved never to be servants to the resolved never to be servants to the resolved never to be servants to the Romans nor to any other than to God Romans nor to any other than to God Romans nor to any other than to God Himself who alone is the true and just Himself who alone is the true and just Himself who alone is the true and just lord of mankind the time has now come lord of mankind the time has now come lord of mankind the time has now come that obliges us to make that resolution that obliges us to make that resolution that obliges us to make that resolution true in practice and let us not at this true in practice and let us not at this true in practice and let us not at this time bring a reproach upon ourselves for time bring a reproach upon ourselves for time bring a reproach upon ourselves for self-contradiction while we formerly self-contradiction while we formerly self-contradiction while we formerly would not undergo slavery though it were would not undergo slavery though it were would not undergo slavery though it were then without danger but must now then without danger but must now then without danger but must now together with slavery choose such together with slavery choose such together with slavery choose such punishments also as are intolerable I punishments also as are intolerable I punishments also as are intolerable I mean this upon the supposition that the mean this upon the supposition that the mean this upon the supposition that the Romans once reduce us under their power Romans once reduce us under their power Romans once reduce us under their power while we are alive we were the very while we are alive we were the very while we are alive we were the very first that revolted from them and we are first that revolted from them and we are first that revolted from them and we are the last that fight against them and I the last that fight against them and I the last that fight against them and I cannot but esteem it as a favor that God cannot but esteem it as a favor that God cannot but esteem it as a favor that God hath granted us that it is still in our hath granted us that it is still in our hath granted us that it is still in our power to die bravely and in a state of

power to die bravely and in a state of power to die bravely and in a state of freedom which hath not been the case of freedom which hath not been the case of freedom which hath not been the case of others who were conquered unexpectedly others who were conquered unexpectedly others who were conquered unexpectedly it is very plain that we shall be taken it is very plain that we shall be taken it is very plain that we shall be taken within a day's time but it is still an within a day's time but it is still an within a day's time but it is still an eligible thing to die after a glorious eligible thing to die after a glorious eligible thing to die after a glorious manner together with our dearest friends manner together with our dearest friends manner together with our dearest friends this is what our enemies themselves this is what our enemies themselves this is what our enemies themselves cannot by any means hinder although they cannot by any means hinder although they cannot by any means hinder although they be very desirous to take us alive nor be very desirous to take us alive nor be very desirous to take us alive nor can we propose to ourselves any more to can we propose to ourselves any more to can we propose to ourselves any more to fight them and beat them it had been fight them and beat them it had been fight them and beat them it had been proper indeed for us to have conjectured proper indeed for us to have conjectured proper indeed for us to have conjectured out the purpose of God much sooner and out the purpose of God much sooner and out the purpose of God much sooner and at the very first when we were so at the very first when we were so at the very first when we were so desirous of defending our Liberty and desirous of defending our Liberty and desirous of defending our Liberty and when we received such sore treatment when we received such sore treatment when we received such sore treatment from one another and worse treatment from one another and worse treatment from one another and worse treatment from our enemies and to have been from our enemies and to have been from our enemies and to have been sensible that the same God who had off sensible that the same God who had off sensible that the same God who had off old taken the Jewish nation into his old taken the Jewish nation into his old taken the Jewish nation into his favour had now condemned them to favour had now condemned them to favour had now condemned them to destruction for had he either continued destruction for had he either continued destruction for had he either continued favourable or been but in a lesser favourable or been but in a lesser favourable or been but in a lesser degree displeased with us he had not degree displeased with us he had not degree displeased with us he had not overlooked the destruction of so many overlooked the destruction of so many overlooked the destruction of so many men or delivered his most holy city to men or delivered his most holy city to men or delivered his most holy city to be burnt and demolished by our enemies be burnt and demolished by our enemies be burnt and demolished by our enemies to be sure we weakly hoped to to be sure we weakly hoped to to be sure we weakly hoped to have preserved ourselves and ourselves have preserved ourselves and ourselves have preserved ourselves and ourselves alone still in a state of freedom as if alone still in a state of freedom as if alone still in a state of freedom as if we have been guilty of no sinned we have been guilty of no sinned we have been guilty of no sinned ourselves against God nor been partners ourselves against God nor been partners ourselves against God nor been partners with those of others we also taught with those of others we also taught with those of others we also taught other men to preserve their Liberty other men to preserve their Liberty other men to preserve their Liberty wherefore consider how God hath wherefore consider how God hath wherefore consider how God hath convinced us that our hopes were in vain convinced us that our hopes were in vain convinced us that our hopes were in vain by bringing such distress upon us in the

by bringing such distress upon us in the by bringing such distress upon us in the desperate state we are now in and which desperate state we are now in and which desperate state we are now in and which is beyond all our expectations for the is beyond all our expectations for the is beyond all our expectations for the nature of this fortress which was in nature of this fortress which was in nature of this fortress which was in itself unconquered well hath not proved itself unconquered well hath not proved itself unconquered well hath not proved a means of our deliverance and even a means of our deliverance and even a means of our deliverance and even while we have still great abundance of while we have still great abundance of while we have still great abundance of food and a great quantity of arms and food and a great quantity of arms and food and a great quantity of arms and other necessaries more than we want we other necessaries more than we want we other necessaries more than we want we are openly deprived by God himself of are openly deprived by God himself of are openly deprived by God himself of all hope of deliverance for that fire all hope of deliverance for that fire all hope of deliverance for that fire which was driven upon our enemies did which was driven upon our enemies did which was driven upon our enemies did not of its own accord turn back upon the not of its own accord turn back upon the not of its own accord turn back upon the wall which we had built this was the wall which we had built this was the wall which we had built this was the effect of God's anger against us for our effect of God's anger against us for our effect of God's anger against us for our manifold sins which we have been guilty manifold sins which we have been guilty manifold sins which we have been guilty of in a most insolent and extravagant of in a most insolent and extravagant of in a most insolent and extravagant manner with regard to our own countrymen manner with regard to our own countrymen manner with regard to our own countrymen the punishments of which let us not the punishments of which let us not the punishments of which let us not receive from the Romans but from God receive from the Romans but from God receive from the Romans but from God Himself has executed by our own hands Himself has executed by our own hands Himself has executed by our own hands for these will be more moderate than the for these will be more moderate than the for these will be more moderate than the other other other let our wives die before they are abused let our wives die before they are abused let our wives die before they are abused and our children before they have tasted and our children before they have tasted and our children before they have tasted of slavery and after we have slain them of slavery and after we have slain them of slavery and after we have slain them let us bestow that glorious benefit upon let us bestow that glorious benefit upon let us bestow that glorious benefit upon one another mutually and preserve one another mutually and preserve one another mutually and preserve ourselves in freedom as an excellent ourselves in freedom as an excellent ourselves in freedom as an excellent funeral monument for us but first let us funeral monument for us but first let us funeral monument for us but first let us destroy our money and the fortress by destroy our money and the fortress by destroy our money and the fortress by fire for I am well assured that this fire for I am well assured that this fire for I am well assured that this will be a great grief to the Romans that will be a great grief to the Romans that will be a great grief to the Romans that they shall not be able to seize upon our they shall not be able to seize upon our they shall not be able to seize upon our bodies and shall fall of our wealth also bodies and shall fall of our wealth also bodies and shall fall of our wealth also and let us spare nothing but our and let us spare nothing but our and let us spare nothing but our provisions for they will be a provisions for they will be a provisions for they will be a testimonial when we are dead that we testimonial when we are dead that we testimonial when we are dead that we were not subdued for want of necessaries

were not subdued for want of necessaries were not subdued for want of necessaries but that according to our original but that according to our original but that according to our original resolution we have preferred death resolution we have preferred death resolution we have preferred death before slavery before slavery before slavery this was Eliezer speech to them yet did this was Eliezer speech to them yet did this was Eliezer speech to them yet did not the opinions of all the auditors not the opinions of all the auditors not the opinions of all the auditors acquiesced therein but although some of acquiesced therein but although some of acquiesced therein but although some of them were very zealous to put his advice them were very zealous to put his advice them were very zealous to put his advice in practice and were in a manner filled in practice and were in a manner filled in practice and were in a manner filled with pleasure at it and with pleasure at it and with pleasure at it and death to be a good thing yet had those death to be a good thing yet had those death to be a good thing yet had those that were most effeminate a that were most effeminate a that were most effeminate a commiseration for their wives and commiseration for their wives and commiseration for their wives and families and when these men were families and when these men were families and when these men were especially moved by the prospect of especially moved by the prospect of especially moved by the prospect of their own certain death their own certain death their own certain death they looked wistfully at one another and they looked wistfully at one another and they looked wistfully at one another and by the tears that were in their eyes by the tears that were in their eyes by the tears that were in their eyes declared their descent from his opinion declared their descent from his opinion declared their descent from his opinion when Eliezer saw these people in such when Eliezer saw these people in such when Eliezer saw these people in such fear and that their souls were dejected fear and that their souls were dejected fear and that their souls were dejected at so prodigious a proposal he was at so prodigious a proposal he was at so prodigious a proposal he was afraid lest perhaps these effeminate afraid lest perhaps these effeminate afraid lest perhaps these effeminate persons should buy their lamentations persons should buy their lamentations persons should buy their lamentations and tears enfeebled those that heard and tears enfeebled those that heard and tears enfeebled those that heard what he had said courageously so he did what he had said courageously so he did what he had said courageously so he did not leave off exhorting them but stirred not leave off exhorting them but stirred not leave off exhorting them but stirred up himself and recollecting proper up himself and recollecting proper up himself and recollecting proper arguments for raising their courage he arguments for raising their courage he arguments for raising their courage he undertook to speak more briskly and undertook to speak more briskly and undertook to speak more briskly and fully to them and not concerning the fully to them and not concerning the fully to them and not concerning the immortality of the soul immortality of the soul immortality of the soul so he made a lamentable groan and fixing so he made a lamentable groan and fixing so he made a lamentable groan and fixing his eyes intently on those that wept he his eyes intently on those that wept he his eyes intently on those that wept he spake thus truly I was greatly mistaken spake thus truly I was greatly mistaken spake thus truly I was greatly mistaken when I thought to be assisting two brave when I thought to be assisting two brave when I thought to be assisting two brave men who struggled hard for their liberty men who struggled hard for their liberty men who struggled hard for their liberty and - such as were resolved either to and - such as were resolved either to and - such as were resolved either to live with honor or else to die but I live with honor or else to die but I live with honor or else to die but I find that you are such people as are no

find that you are such people as are no find that you are such people as are no better than others either in virtue or better than others either in virtue or better than others either in virtue or encourage and are afraid of dying though encourage and are afraid of dying though encourage and are afraid of dying though you be delivered thereby from the you be delivered thereby from the you be delivered thereby from the greatest miseries while you ought to greatest miseries while you ought to greatest miseries while you ought to make no delay in this matter nor to make no delay in this matter nor to make no delay in this matter nor to await anyone to give you good advice for await anyone to give you good advice for await anyone to give you good advice for the laws of our country and of God the laws of our country and of God the laws of our country and of God himself have from ancient times and as himself have from ancient times and as himself have from ancient times and as soon as ever we could use our reason soon as ever we could use our reason soon as ever we could use our reason continually taught us and our continually taught us and our continually taught us and our forefathers have corroborated the same forefathers have corroborated the same forefathers have corroborated the same doctrine by their actions and by their doctrine by their actions and by their doctrine by their actions and by their bravery of mind that it is life that is bravery of mind that it is life that is bravery of mind that it is life that is a calamity to men and not death for this a calamity to men and not death for this a calamity to men and not death for this last affords our souls their liberty and last affords our souls their liberty and last affords our souls their liberty and sends them by a removal into their own sends them by a removal into their own sends them by a removal into their own place of purity where they are to be place of purity where they are to be place of purity where they are to be insensible of all sorts of misery for insensible of all sorts of misery for insensible of all sorts of misery for while souls are tied down to a mortal while souls are tied down to a mortal while souls are tied down to a mortal body body body they are partakers of its miseries and they are partakers of its miseries and they are partakers of its miseries and really to speak the truth they are really to speak the truth they are really to speak the truth they are themselves dead for the union of what is themselves dead for the union of what is themselves dead for the union of what is divine - what is mortal is disagreeable divine - what is mortal is disagreeable divine - what is mortal is disagreeable it is true the power of the soul is it is true the power of the soul is it is true the power of the soul is great even when it is imprisoned in a great even when it is imprisoned in a great even when it is imprisoned in a more more more body for by moving it after a way that body for by moving it after a way that body for by moving it after a way that is invisible it makes the body a is invisible it makes the body a is invisible it makes the body a sensible instrument and causes it to sensible instrument and causes it to sensible instrument and causes it to advance further in its actions than advance further in its actions than advance further in its actions than mortal nature could otherwise do however mortal nature could otherwise do however mortal nature could otherwise do however when it is freed from that weight which when it is freed from that weight which when it is freed from that weight which draws it down to the earth and is draws it down to the earth and is draws it down to the earth and is connected with it it obtains its own connected with it it obtains its own connected with it it obtains its own proper place and does then become a proper place and does then become a proper place and does then become a partaker of that blessed power and those partaker of that blessed power and those partaker of that blessed power and those abilities which are then every way abilities which are then every way abilities which are then every way incapable of being hindered in their

incapable of being hindered in their incapable of being hindered in their operations operations operations it continues invisible indeed to the it continues invisible indeed to the it continues invisible indeed to the eyes of men as does God himself for eyes of men as does God himself for eyes of men as does God himself for certainly it is not itself seen while it certainly it is not itself seen while it certainly it is not itself seen while it is in the body for it is thereafter an is in the body for it is thereafter an is in the body for it is thereafter an invisible manner and when it is freed invisible manner and when it is freed invisible manner and when it is freed from it it is still not seen it is this from it it is still not seen it is this from it it is still not seen it is this soul which hath one nature and that an soul which hath one nature and that an soul which hath one nature and that an incorruptible one also but yet it is the incorruptible one also but yet it is the incorruptible one also but yet it is the cause of the change that is made in the cause of the change that is made in the cause of the change that is made in the body for whatsoever it be which the soul body for whatsoever it be which the soul body for whatsoever it be which the soul touches that lives and flourishes and touches that lives and flourishes and touches that lives and flourishes and from whatsoever it is removed that from whatsoever it is removed that from whatsoever it is removed that withers away and dies such a degree is withers away and dies such a degree is withers away and dies such a degree is there in it of immortality let me there in it of immortality let me there in it of immortality let me produce the state of sleep as a most produce the state of sleep as a most produce the state of sleep as a most evident demonstration of the truth of evident demonstration of the truth of evident demonstration of the truth of what I say wherein souls when the body what I say wherein souls when the body what I say wherein souls when the body does not distract them have the sweetest does not distract them have the sweetest does not distract them have the sweetest rest depending on themselves and rest depending on themselves and rest depending on themselves and conversing with God by their alliance to conversing with God by their alliance to conversing with God by their alliance to him they then go everywhere and foretell him they then go everywhere and foretell him they then go everywhere and foretell many future ''tis beforehand and why are many future ''tis beforehand and why are many future ''tis beforehand and why are we afraid of death while we are pleased we afraid of death while we are pleased we afraid of death while we are pleased with the rest that we have in sleep and with the rest that we have in sleep and with the rest that we have in sleep and how absurd a thing is it to pursue after how absurd a thing is it to pursue after how absurd a thing is it to pursue after liberty while we are alive and yet to liberty while we are alive and yet to liberty while we are alive and yet to envy it to ourselves where it will be envy it to ourselves where it will be envy it to ourselves where it will be eternal we therefore who have been eternal we therefore who have been eternal we therefore who have been brought up in a discipline of our own brought up in a discipline of our own brought up in a discipline of our own ought to become an example to others of ought to become an example to others of ought to become an example to others of our readiness to die yet if we do stand our readiness to die yet if we do stand our readiness to die yet if we do stand in need of foreigners to support us in in need of foreigners to support us in in need of foreigners to support us in this matter let us regard those Indians this matter let us regard those Indians this matter let us regard those Indians who profess the exercise of philosophy

who profess the exercise of philosophy who profess the exercise of philosophy for these good men do but unwillingly for these good men do but unwillingly for these good men do but unwillingly undergo the time of life and look upon undergo the time of life and look upon undergo the time of life and look upon it as a necessary servitude and make it as a necessary servitude and make it as a necessary servitude and make haste to let their souls loose from haste to let their souls loose from haste to let their souls loose from their bodies nay when no misfortune their bodies nay when no misfortune their bodies nay when no misfortune presses them to it nor drives them upon presses them to it nor drives them upon presses them to it nor drives them upon it these have such a desire it these have such a desire it these have such a desire of a life of immortality that they tell of a life of immortality that they tell of a life of immortality that they tell other men beforehand that they are about other men beforehand that they are about other men beforehand that they are about to depart and nobody hinders them but to depart and nobody hinders them but to depart and nobody hinders them but everyone thinks them happy men and gives everyone thinks them happy men and gives everyone thinks them happy men and gives them letters to be carried to their them letters to be carried to their them letters to be carried to their familiar friends that are dead so firmly familiar friends that are dead so firmly familiar friends that are dead so firmly and certainly do they believe that Souls and certainly do they believe that Souls and certainly do they believe that Souls converse with one another in the other converse with one another in the other converse with one another in the other world so when these men have heard all world so when these men have heard all world so when these men have heard all such commands that were given them they such commands that were given them they such commands that were given them they deliver their body to the fire and in deliver their body to the fire and in deliver their body to the fire and in order to they're getting their soul a order to they're getting their soul a order to they're getting their soul a separation from the body in the greatest separation from the body in the greatest separation from the body in the greatest purity they die in the midst of hymns of purity they die in the midst of hymns of purity they die in the midst of hymns of commendations made to them for their commendations made to them for their commendations made to them for their dearest friends conduct them to their dearest friends conduct them to their dearest friends conduct them to their death more readily than to any of the death more readily than to any of the death more readily than to any of the rest of mankind conduct their rest of mankind conduct their rest of mankind conduct their fellow-citizens when they are going a fellow-citizens when they are going a fellow-citizens when they are going a very long journey who at the same time very long journey who at the same time very long journey who at the same time weep on their own account but look upon weep on their own account but look upon weep on their own account but look upon the others as happy persons as so soon the others as happy persons as so soon the others as happy persons as so soon to be made partakers of the immortal to be made partakers of the immortal to be made partakers of the immortal order of beings are not we therefore order of beings are not we therefore order of beings are not we therefore ashamed to have lower notions than the ashamed to have lower notions than the ashamed to have lower notions than the Indians and by our own cowardice to lay Indians and by our own cowardice to lay Indians and by our own cowardice to lay a base reproach upon the laws of our a base reproach upon the laws of our a base reproach upon the laws of our country which are so much desired and country which are so much desired and country which are so much desired and imitated by all mankind but put the case imitated by all mankind but put the case imitated by all mankind but put the case that we had been brought up under that we had been brought up under that we had been brought up under another persuasion and taught that life another persuasion and taught that life another persuasion and taught that life is the greatest good which men are

is the greatest good which men are is the greatest good which men are capable of and that death is a calamity capable of and that death is a calamity capable of and that death is a calamity however the circumstances we are now in however the circumstances we are now in however the circumstances we are now in ought to be an inducement to us to bear ought to be an inducement to us to bear ought to be an inducement to us to bear such calamity courageously since it is such calamity courageously since it is such calamity courageously since it is by the will of God and by necessity that by the will of God and by necessity that by the will of God and by necessity that we are to die for it now appears that we are to die for it now appears that we are to die for it now appears that God hath made such a decree against the God hath made such a decree against the God hath made such a decree against the whole Jewish nation that we are to be whole Jewish nation that we are to be whole Jewish nation that we are to be deprived of this life which he knew we deprived of this life which he knew we deprived of this life which he knew we would not make a do use of for do not would not make a do use of for do not would not make a do use of for do not you ascribe the occasion of our present you ascribe the occasion of our present you ascribe the occasion of our present condition to yourselves nor think the condition to yourselves nor think the condition to yourselves nor think the Romans are the true occasion that this Romans are the true occasion that this Romans are the true occasion that this war we have had with them is become so war we have had with them is become so war we have had with them is become so destructive to us all these things have destructive to us all these things have destructive to us all these things have not come to pass by their power but a not come to pass by their power but a not come to pass by their power but a more powerful cause hath intervened and more powerful cause hath intervened and more powerful cause hath intervened and made us afford them an occasion of their made us afford them an occasion of their made us afford them an occasion of their appearing to be conquerors over us what appearing to be conquerors over us what appearing to be conquerors over us what Roman weapons I pray you were those by Roman weapons I pray you were those by Roman weapons I pray you were those by which the Jews at Caesarea were slain on which the Jews at Caesarea were slain on which the Jews at Caesarea were slain on the contrary when they were no way the contrary when they were no way the contrary when they were no way disposed to rebel but were all the while disposed to rebel but were all the while disposed to rebel but were all the while keeping their 7th day festival keeping their 7th day festival keeping their 7th day festival and it not so much as lift up their and it not so much as lift up their and it not so much as lift up their hands against the citizens of Caesarea hands against the citizens of Caesarea hands against the citizens of Caesarea yet did those citizens run upon them in yet did those citizens run upon them in yet did those citizens run upon them in great crowds and cut their throats and great crowds and cut their throats and great crowds and cut their throats and the throats of their wives and children the throats of their wives and children the throats of their wives and children and this without any regard to the and this without any regard to the and this without any regard to the Romans themselves who never took us for Romans themselves who never took us for Romans themselves who never took us for their enemies till we revolted from them their enemies till we revolted from them their enemies till we revolted from them but some may be ready to say that truly but some may be ready to say that truly but some may be ready to say that truly the people of Caesarea had always a the people of Caesarea had always a the people of Caesarea had always a quarrel against those that lived among quarrel against those that lived among quarrel against those that lived among them and that when an opportunity them and that when an opportunity them and that when an opportunity offered itself offered itself offered itself they only satisfied the old rancor they

they only satisfied the old rancor they they only satisfied the old rancor they had against them what then shall we say had against them what then shall we say had against them what then shall we say to those of syphilis who ventured to to those of syphilis who ventured to to those of syphilis who ventured to wage war with us on account of the wage war with us on account of the wage war with us on account of the Greeks nor did they do it by way of Greeks nor did they do it by way of Greeks nor did they do it by way of revenge upon the Romans when they acted revenge upon the Romans when they acted revenge upon the Romans when they acted in concert with our countrymen wherefore in concert with our countrymen wherefore in concert with our countrymen wherefore you see how little our goodwill and you see how little our goodwill and you see how little our goodwill and fidelity to them profited us while they fidelity to them profited us while they fidelity to them profited us while they were slain they and their whole families were slain they and their whole families were slain they and their whole families after the most inhuman manner which was after the most inhuman manner which was after the most inhuman manner which was all the requital that was made them for all the requital that was made them for all the requital that was made them for the assistance they had afforded the the assistance they had afforded the the assistance they had afforded the others for that very same destruction others for that very same destruction others for that very same destruction which they had prevented from falling which they had prevented from falling which they had prevented from falling upon the others did they suffer upon the others did they suffer upon the others did they suffer themselves from them as if they had been themselves from them as if they had been themselves from them as if they had been ready to be the actors against them it ready to be the actors against them it ready to be the actors against them it would be too long for me to speak at would be too long for me to speak at would be too long for me to speak at this time of every destruction brought this time of every destruction brought this time of every destruction brought upon us for you cannot but know that upon us for you cannot but know that upon us for you cannot but know that there was not any one Syrian City which there was not any one Syrian City which there was not any one Syrian City which did not slay their Jewish inhabitants did not slay their Jewish inhabitants did not slay their Jewish inhabitants and were not more bitter enemies to us and were not more bitter enemies to us and were not more bitter enemies to us than were the Romans themselves nay even than were the Romans themselves nay even than were the Romans themselves nay even those of Damascus when they were able to those of Damascus when they were able to those of Damascus when they were able to allege no tolerable pretence against us allege no tolerable pretence against us allege no tolerable pretence against us filled their city with the most filled their city with the most filled their city with the most barbarous slaughters of our people and barbarous slaughters of our people and barbarous slaughters of our people and cut the throats of 18,000 Jews with cut the throats of 18,000 Jews with cut the throats of 18,000 Jews with their wives and children and as to the their wives and children and as to the their wives and children and as to the multitude of those that were slain in multitude of those that were slain in multitude of those that were slain in Egypt and that with torments also we Egypt and that with torments also we Egypt and that with torments also we have been informed they were more than have been informed they were more than have been informed they were more than 60-thousand those indeed being in a 60-thousand those indeed being in a 60-thousand those indeed being in a foreign country and so naturally meeting foreign country and so naturally meeting foreign country and so naturally meeting with nothing to oppose against their with nothing to oppose against their with nothing to oppose against their enemies were killed in the manner for enemies were killed in the manner for enemies were killed in the manner for mentioned as for all those of us who

mentioned as for all those of us who mentioned as for all those of us who have waged war against the Romans in our have waged war against the Romans in our have waged war against the Romans in our own country had we not sufficient reason own country had we not sufficient reason own country had we not sufficient reason to have sure hopes of victory for we had to have sure hopes of victory for we had to have sure hopes of victory for we had arms and walls and fortresses so arms and walls and fortresses so arms and walls and fortresses so prepared as not to be prepared as not to be prepared as not to be easily taken encouraged not to be moved easily taken encouraged not to be moved easily taken encouraged not to be moved by any dangers in the cause of liberty by any dangers in the cause of liberty by any dangers in the cause of liberty which encouraged us all to revolt from which encouraged us all to revolt from which encouraged us all to revolt from the Romans but then these advantages the Romans but then these advantages the Romans but then these advantages suffice to us but for a short time and suffice to us but for a short time and suffice to us but for a short time and only raised our hopes only raised our hopes only raised our hopes while they really appeared to be the while they really appeared to be the while they really appeared to be the origin of our miseries for all we had origin of our miseries for all we had origin of our miseries for all we had have been taken from us and all hath have been taken from us and all hath have been taken from us and all hath fallen under our enemies as if these fallen under our enemies as if these fallen under our enemies as if these advantages were only to render their advantages were only to render their advantages were only to render their victory over us the more glorious and victory over us the more glorious and victory over us the more glorious and were not disposed for the preservation were not disposed for the preservation were not disposed for the preservation of those by whom these preparations were of those by whom these preparations were of those by whom these preparations were made and as for those that are already made and as for those that are already made and as for those that are already dead in the war it is reasonable that we dead in the war it is reasonable that we dead in the war it is reasonable that we should esteem them blessed for they are should esteem them blessed for they are should esteem them blessed for they are dead in defending and not in betraying dead in defending and not in betraying dead in defending and not in betraying their Liberty but as to the multitude of their Liberty but as to the multitude of their Liberty but as to the multitude of those that are now under the Romans who those that are now under the Romans who those that are now under the Romans who would not pity their condition and who would not pity their condition and who would not pity their condition and who would not make haste to die before he would not make haste to die before he would not make haste to die before he would suffer the same miseries with them would suffer the same miseries with them would suffer the same miseries with them some of them have been put upon the rack some of them have been put upon the rack some of them have been put upon the rack and tortured with fire and whippings and and tortured with fire and whippings and and tortured with fire and whippings and so died some have been half devoured by so died some have been half devoured by so died some have been half devoured by wild beasts and yet have been reserved wild beasts and yet have been reserved wild beasts and yet have been reserved alive to be devoured by them a second alive to be devoured by them a second alive to be devoured by them a second time in order to afford laughter and time in order to afford laughter and time in order to afford laughter and sport to our enemies and such of those sport to our enemies and such of those sport to our enemies and such of those as are alive still are to be looked on as are alive still are to be looked on as are alive still are to be looked on as the most miserable who being so

as the most miserable who being so as the most miserable who being so desirous of death could not come at it desirous of death could not come at it desirous of death could not come at it and where is now that great city the and where is now that great city the and where is now that great city the metropolis of the Jewish nation which metropolis of the Jewish nation which metropolis of the Jewish nation which was fortified by so many walls round was fortified by so many walls round was fortified by so many walls round about which had so many fortresses and about which had so many fortresses and about which had so many fortresses and large towers to defend it which could large towers to defend it which could large towers to defend it which could hardly contain the instruments prepared hardly contain the instruments prepared hardly contain the instruments prepared for the war and which had so many ten for the war and which had so many ten for the war and which had so many ten thousands of men to fight for it where thousands of men to fight for it where thousands of men to fight for it where is this city that was believed to have is this city that was believed to have is this city that was believed to have God Himself inhabiting therein it is now God Himself inhabiting therein it is now God Himself inhabiting therein it is now demolished to the very foundations and demolished to the very foundations and demolished to the very foundations and hath nothing but that monument of it hath nothing but that monument of it hath nothing but that monument of it preserved I mean the camp of those that preserved I mean the camp of those that preserved I mean the camp of those that hath destroyed it which still dwells hath destroyed it which still dwells hath destroyed it which still dwells upon its ruins upon its ruins upon its ruins some unfortunate old men also lie upon some unfortunate old men also lie upon some unfortunate old men also lie upon the ashes of the temple and a few women the ashes of the temple and a few women the ashes of the temple and a few women are there preserved alive by the enemy are there preserved alive by the enemy are there preserved alive by the enemy for our bitter shame and reproach for our bitter shame and reproach for our bitter shame and reproach now who is there that revolves these now who is there that revolves these now who is there that revolves these things in his MA things in his MA things in his MA and yet is able to bear the sight of the and yet is able to bear the sight of the and yet is able to bear the sight of the son though he might live out of danger son though he might live out of danger son though he might live out of danger who is there so much his country's enemy who is there so much his country's enemy who is there so much his country's enemy or so unmanly and so desirous of living or so unmanly and so desirous of living or so unmanly and so desirous of living as not to repent that he is still alive as not to repent that he is still alive as not to repent that he is still alive and I cannot but wish that we had all and I cannot but wish that we had all and I cannot but wish that we had all died before we had seen that holy city died before we had seen that holy city died before we had seen that holy city demolished by the hands of our enemies demolished by the hands of our enemies demolished by the hands of our enemies or the foundations of our holy temple or the foundations of our holy temple or the foundations of our holy temple dug up after so profane a manner but dug up after so profane a manner but dug up after so profane a manner but since we had a generous hope that since we had a generous hope that since we had a generous hope that deluded us as if we might perhaps have deluded us as if we might perhaps have deluded us as if we might perhaps have been able to avenge ourselves on our been able to avenge ourselves on our been able to avenge ourselves on our enemies on that account though it be now

enemies on that account though it be now enemies on that account though it be now become vanity and hath left us alone in become vanity and hath left us alone in become vanity and hath left us alone in this distress let us make haste to die this distress let us make haste to die this distress let us make haste to die bravely let us pity ourselves our bravely let us pity ourselves our bravely let us pity ourselves our children and our wives while it is in children and our wives while it is in children and our wives while it is in our own power to show pity to them for our own power to show pity to them for our own power to show pity to them for we were born to die as well as those we were born to die as well as those we were born to die as well as those were whom we have begotten nor is it in were whom we have begotten nor is it in were whom we have begotten nor is it in the power of the most happy of our race the power of the most happy of our race the power of the most happy of our race to avoid it but for abuses and slavery to avoid it but for abuses and slavery to avoid it but for abuses and slavery and the sight of our wives led away and the sight of our wives led away and the sight of our wives led away after an ignominious manner with their after an ignominious manner with their after an ignominious manner with their children these are not such evils as are children these are not such evils as are children these are not such evils as are natural and necessary among men although natural and necessary among men although natural and necessary among men although such as do not prefer death before those such as do not prefer death before those such as do not prefer death before those miseries when it is in their power so to miseries when it is in their power so to miseries when it is in their power so to do must undergo even them on account of do must undergo even them on account of do must undergo even them on account of their own cowardice we revolted from the their own cowardice we revolted from the their own cowardice we revolted from the Romans with great pretensions to courage Romans with great pretensions to courage Romans with great pretensions to courage and when at the very last they invited and when at the very last they invited and when at the very last they invited us to preserve ourselves we would not us to preserve ourselves we would not us to preserve ourselves we would not comply with them who will not therefore comply with them who will not therefore comply with them who will not therefore believe that they will certainly be in a believe that they will certainly be in a believe that they will certainly be in a rage at us in case they can take us rage at us in case they can take us rage at us in case they can take us alive miserable will then be the young alive miserable will then be the young alive miserable will then be the young men who will be strong enough in their men who will be strong enough in their men who will be strong enough in their bodies to sustain many torments bodies to sustain many torments bodies to sustain many torments miserable also will be those of elder miserable also will be those of elder miserable also will be those of elder years who will not be able to bear those years who will not be able to bear those years who will not be able to bear those calamities which young men might sustain calamities which young men might sustain calamities which young men might sustain one man will be obliged to hear the one man will be obliged to hear the one man will be obliged to hear the voice of his son implore help of his voice of his son implore help of his voice of his son implore help of his father when his hands are bound but father when his hands are bound but father when his hands are bound but certainly our hands are still at liberty certainly our hands are still at liberty certainly our hands are still at liberty and have a sword in them let them then and have a sword in them let them then and have a sword in them let them then be subservient to us in our glorious

be subservient to us in our glorious be subservient to us in our glorious design let us die before we become design let us die before we become design let us die before we become slaves under our enemies slaves under our enemies slaves under our enemies and let us go out of the world together and let us go out of the world together and let us go out of the world together with our children and our wives in a with our children and our wives in a with our children and our wives in a state of freedom this it is that our state of freedom this it is that our state of freedom this it is that our laws command us to do this it is that laws command us to do this it is that laws command us to do this it is that our wives and children crave at our our wives and children crave at our our wives and children crave at our hands may God himself hath brought this hands may God himself hath brought this hands may God himself hath brought this necessity upon us while the Romans necessity upon us while the Romans necessity upon us while the Romans desire the contrary and are afraid lest desire the contrary and are afraid lest desire the contrary and are afraid lest any of us should die before we are taken any of us should die before we are taken any of us should die before we are taken let us therefore make haste and instead let us therefore make haste and instead let us therefore make haste and instead of affording them so much pleasure as of affording them so much pleasure as of affording them so much pleasure as they hope for in getting us under their they hope for in getting us under their they hope for in getting us under their power power power let us leave them an example which shall let us leave them an example which shall let us leave them an example which shall at once caused their astonishment at our at once caused their astonishment at our at once caused their astonishment at our death and their admiration of our death and their admiration of our death and their admiration of our hardiness therein end of book 7 chapter hardiness therein end of book 7 chapter hardiness therein end of book 7 chapter 8 part 2 seven chapters 9 through 11 of the Wars seven chapters 9 through 11 of the Wars of the Jews this is a librivox recording of the Jews this is a librivox recording of the Jews this is a librivox recording all librivox recordings are in the all librivox recordings are in the all librivox recordings are in the public domain for more information or to public domain for more information or to public domain for more information or to volunteer please visit librivox.org recording by david Leeson the Wars of recording by david Leeson the Wars of the Jews by Flavius Josephus translated the Jews by Flavius Josephus translated the Jews by Flavius Josephus translated by William Whiston chapters 9 through 11 chapter 9 how the people that were in

chapter 9 how the people that were in the fortress were prevailed on by the the fortress were prevailed on by the the fortress were prevailed on by the words of Eliezer two women and five words of Eliezer two women and five words of Eliezer two women and five children only accepted and all submitted children only accepted and all submitted children only accepted and all submitted to be killed by one another now as Eliezer was proceeding on in this now as Eliezer was proceeding on in this exhortation they all cut him off short exhortation they all cut him off short exhortation they all cut him off short and made haste to do the work as full of and made haste to do the work as full of and made haste to do the work as full of a nun conquerable ardor of mind and a nun conquerable ardor of mind and a nun conquerable ardor of mind and moved with a demoniacal fury so they moved with a demoniacal fury so they moved with a demoniacal fury so they went their ways as one still endeavoring went their ways as one still endeavoring went their ways as one still endeavoring to be before another and as thinking to be before another and as thinking to be before another and as thinking that this eagerness would be a that this eagerness would be a that this eagerness would be a demonstration of their courage and good demonstration of their courage and good demonstration of their courage and good conduct if they could avoid appearing in conduct if they could avoid appearing in conduct if they could avoid appearing in the last class so great was the zeal the last class so great was the zeal the last class so great was the zeal they were in to slay their wives and they were in to slay their wives and they were in to slay their wives and their children and themselves also nor their children and themselves also nor their children and themselves also nor indeed when they came to the work itself indeed when they came to the work itself indeed when they came to the work itself did their courage fail them as one might did their courage fail them as one might did their courage fail them as one might imagine it would have done but they then imagine it would have done but they then imagine it would have done but they then held fast the same resolution without held fast the same resolution without held fast the same resolution without wavering which they had upon the hearing wavering which they had upon the hearing wavering which they had upon the hearing of Eliezer speech while yet every one of of Eliezer speech while yet every one of of Eliezer speech while yet every one of them still retained the natural passion them still retained the natural passion them still retained the natural passion of love to themselves and their families of love to themselves and their families of love to themselves and their families because the reasoning they went upon because the reasoning they went upon because the reasoning they went upon appeared to them to be very just even appeared to them to be very just even appeared to them to be very just even with regard to those that were dearest with regard to those that were dearest with regard to those that were dearest to them for the husbands tenderly to them for the husbands tenderly to them for the husbands tenderly embraced their wives and took their embraced their wives and took their embraced their wives and took their children into their arms and gave the children into their arms and gave the children into their arms and gave the longest parting kisses to them with longest parting kisses to them with longest parting kisses to them with tears in their eyes yet at the same time tears in their eyes yet at the same time tears in their eyes yet at the same time did they complete what they had resolved did they complete what they had resolved did they complete what they had resolved on as if they had been executed by the

on as if they had been executed by the on as if they had been executed by the hands of strangers and they had nothing hands of strangers and they had nothing hands of strangers and they had nothing else for their comfort but the necessity else for their comfort but the necessity else for their comfort but the necessity they were in of doing this execution to they were in of doing this execution to they were in of doing this execution to avoid that prospect avoid that prospect avoid that prospect they had of the miseries they were to they had of the miseries they were to they had of the miseries they were to suffer from their enemies nor was there suffer from their enemies nor was there suffer from their enemies nor was there at length any one of these men found at length any one of these men found at length any one of these men found that scrupled to act their part in this that scrupled to act their part in this that scrupled to act their part in this terrible execution but every one of them terrible execution but every one of them terrible execution but every one of them dispatched his dearest relations dispatched his dearest relations dispatched his dearest relations miserable men indeed were they whose miserable men indeed were they whose miserable men indeed were they whose distress forced them to slay their own distress forced them to slay their own distress forced them to slay their own wives and children with their own hands wives and children with their own hands wives and children with their own hands as the lightest of those evils that were as the lightest of those evils that were as the lightest of those evils that were before them so they being not able to before them so they being not able to before them so they being not able to bear the grief they were under for what bear the grief they were under for what bear the grief they were under for what they had done any longer and esteeming they had done any longer and esteeming they had done any longer and esteeming it an injury to those they had slain to it an injury to those they had slain to it an injury to those they had slain to live even the shortest space of time live even the shortest space of time live even the shortest space of time after them they presently laid all they after them they presently laid all they after them they presently laid all they had upon a heap and set fire to it had upon a heap and set fire to it had upon a heap and set fire to it they then chose ten men by lot out of they then chose ten men by lot out of they then chose ten men by lot out of them to slay all the rest every one of them to slay all the rest every one of them to slay all the rest every one of whom laid himself down by his wife and whom laid himself down by his wife and whom laid himself down by his wife and children on the ground and threw his children on the ground and threw his children on the ground and threw his arms about them and they offered their arms about them and they offered their arms about them and they offered their next to the stroke of those who by lot next to the stroke of those who by lot next to the stroke of those who by lot executed that melancholy office and when executed that melancholy office and when executed that melancholy office and when these ten had without fear slain them these ten had without fear slain them these ten had without fear slain them all they made the same rule for casting all they made the same rule for casting all they made the same rule for casting Lots for themselves that he whose lot it Lots for themselves that he whose lot it Lots for themselves that he whose lot it was should first kill the other nine and was should first kill the other nine and was should first kill the other nine and after all should kill himself after all should kill himself after all should kill himself accordingly all these had courage accordingly all these had courage accordingly all these had courage sufficient to be no way behind one

sufficient to be no way behind one sufficient to be no way behind one another in doing or suffering so for a another in doing or suffering so for a another in doing or suffering so for a conclusion the nine offered there next conclusion the nine offered there next conclusion the nine offered there next to the executioner and he who was the to the executioner and he who was the to the executioner and he who was the last of all took a view of all the other last of all took a view of all the other last of all took a view of all the other bodies lest perchance some or other bodies lest perchance some or other bodies lest perchance some or other among so many that were slain should among so many that were slain should among so many that were slain should want his assistance to be quite want his assistance to be quite want his assistance to be quite dispatched and when he perceived that dispatched and when he perceived that dispatched and when he perceived that they were all slain he set fire to the they were all slain he set fire to the they were all slain he set fire to the palace and with the great force of his palace and with the great force of his palace and with the great force of his hand ran his sword entirely through hand ran his sword entirely through hand ran his sword entirely through himself and fell down dead near to his himself and fell down dead near to his himself and fell down dead near to his own relations so these people died with own relations so these people died with own relations so these people died with this intention that they would not leave this intention that they would not leave this intention that they would not leave so much as one soul among them all alive so much as one soul among them all alive so much as one soul among them all alive to be subject to the Romans yet there to be subject to the Romans yet there to be subject to the Romans yet there was an ancient woman and another who was was an ancient woman and another who was was an ancient woman and another who was of kin to Eleazar and superior to most of kin to Eleazar and superior to most of kin to Eleazar and superior to most women in prudence and women in prudence and women in prudence and earning with five children who had earning with five children who had earning with five children who had concealed themselves in caverns concealed themselves in caverns concealed themselves in caverns underground and had carried water underground and had carried water underground and had carried water thither for their drink and were hidden thither for their drink and were hidden thither for their drink and were hidden there when the rest were intent upon the there when the rest were intent upon the there when the rest were intent upon the slaughter of one another those others slaughter of one another those others slaughter of one another those others were 960 and number the women and were 960 and number the women and were 960 and number the women and children being with all included in that children being with all included in that children being with all included in that computation this calamitous slaughter computation this calamitous slaughter computation this calamitous slaughter was made on the fifteenth day of the was made on the fifteenth day of the was made on the fifteenth day of the month zan takus now for the Romans they month zan takus now for the Romans they month zan takus now for the Romans they expected that they should be fought in expected that they should be fought in expected that they should be fought in the morning when accordingly they put on the morning when accordingly they put on the morning when accordingly they put on their armor and laid bridges of planks their armor and laid bridges of planks their armor and laid bridges of planks upon their ladders from their banks to upon their ladders from their banks to upon their ladders from their banks to make an assault upon the fortress which

make an assault upon the fortress which make an assault upon the fortress which they did but saw nobody as an enemy but they did but saw nobody as an enemy but they did but saw nobody as an enemy but a terrible solitude on every side with a a terrible solitude on every side with a a terrible solitude on every side with a fire within the place as well as a fire within the place as well as a fire within the place as well as a perfect silence so they were at a loss perfect silence so they were at a loss perfect silence so they were at a loss to guess at what had happened at length to guess at what had happened at length to guess at what had happened at length they made a shout as if it had been at a they made a shout as if it had been at a they made a shout as if it had been at a blow given by the battering ram to try blow given by the battering ram to try blow given by the battering ram to try whether they could bring anyone out that whether they could bring anyone out that whether they could bring anyone out that was within the women heard this noise was within the women heard this noise was within the women heard this noise and came out of their underground cavern and came out of their underground cavern and came out of their underground cavern and informed the Romans what had been and informed the Romans what had been and informed the Romans what had been done as it was done and the second of done as it was done and the second of done as it was done and the second of them clearly described all both what was them clearly described all both what was them clearly described all both what was said and what was done and this manner said and what was done and this manner said and what was done and this manner of it yet did they not easily give their of it yet did they not easily give their of it yet did they not easily give their attention to such a desperate attention to such a desperate attention to such a desperate undertaking and did not believe it could undertaking and did not believe it could undertaking and did not believe it could be as they said they also attempted to be as they said they also attempted to be as they said they also attempted to put the fire out and quickly cutting put the fire out and quickly cutting put the fire out and quickly cutting themselves away through it they came themselves away through it they came themselves away through it they came within the palace and so met with the within the palace and so met with the within the palace and so met with the multitude of the slain but could take no multitude of the slain but could take no multitude of the slain but could take no pleasure in the fact though it were done pleasure in the fact though it were done pleasure in the fact though it were done to their enemies nor could they do other to their enemies nor could they do other to their enemies nor could they do other than wonder at the courage of their than wonder at the courage of their than wonder at the courage of their resolution and the immovable contempt of resolution and the immovable contempt of resolution and the immovable contempt of death which so great a number of them death which so great a number of them death which so great a number of them had shown when they went through with had shown when they went through with had shown when they went through with such an action as that was chapter 10 such an action as that was chapter 10 such an action as that was chapter 10 that many of the Sicari I fled to that many of the Sicari I fled to that many of the Sicari I fled to Alexandria also and what dangers they Alexandria also and what dangers they Alexandria also and what dangers they were in there on which account that were in there on which account that were in there on which account that temple which had formerly been built by temple which had formerly been built by temple which had formerly been built by own eius the high priest was destroyed own eius the high priest was destroyed own eius the high priest was destroyed when Masada was thus taken the general

when Masada was thus taken the general when Masada was thus taken the general left left left in the fortress to keep it and he in the fortress to keep it and he in the fortress to keep it and he himself went away to Caesarea for there himself went away to Caesarea for there himself went away to Caesarea for there were now no enemies left in the country were now no enemies left in the country were now no enemies left in the country but it was all overthrown by so long a but it was all overthrown by so long a but it was all overthrown by so long a war yet did this war afford disturbances war yet did this war afford disturbances war yet did this war afford disturbances and dangerous disorders even in places and dangerous disorders even in places and dangerous disorders even in places very far remote from Judea for still it very far remote from Judea for still it very far remote from Judea for still it came to pass that many Jews were slain came to pass that many Jews were slain came to pass that many Jews were slain at Alexandria in Egypt for as many of at Alexandria in Egypt for as many of at Alexandria in Egypt for as many of the Sakarya as were able to fly thither the Sakarya as were able to fly thither the Sakarya as were able to fly thither out of the seditious Wars in Judea were out of the seditious Wars in Judea were out of the seditious Wars in Judea were not content to have saved themselves but not content to have saved themselves but not content to have saved themselves but must needs be undertaking to make new must needs be undertaking to make new must needs be undertaking to make new disturbances and persuaded many of those disturbances and persuaded many of those disturbances and persuaded many of those that entertained them to assert their that entertained them to assert their that entertained them to assert their Liberty to esteem the Romans to be no Liberty to esteem the Romans to be no Liberty to esteem the Romans to be no better than themselves and to look upon better than themselves and to look upon better than themselves and to look upon God as their only Lord and Master God as their only Lord and Master God as their only Lord and Master but when part of the Jews of reputation but when part of the Jews of reputation but when part of the Jews of reputation opposed them they slew some of them and opposed them they slew some of them and opposed them they slew some of them and with the others they were very pressing with the others they were very pressing with the others they were very pressing in their exhortation to revolt from the in their exhortation to revolt from the in their exhortation to revolt from the Romans but when the principal men of the Romans but when the principal men of the Romans but when the principal men of the Senate saw what madness they were come Senate saw what madness they were come Senate saw what madness they were come to they thought it no longer safe for to they thought it no longer safe for to they thought it no longer safe for themselves to overlook them so they got themselves to overlook them so they got themselves to overlook them so they got all the Jews together to an assembly and all the Jews together to an assembly and all the Jews together to an assembly and accused the madness of the Sicari eye accused the madness of the Sicari eye accused the madness of the Sicari eye and demonstrated that they had been the and demonstrated that they had been the and demonstrated that they had been the authors of all the evils that had come authors of all the evils that had come authors of all the evils that had come upon them they said also that these men upon them they said also that these men upon them they said also that these men now that they were run away from Judea now that they were run away from Judea now that they were run away from Judea having no sure hope of escaping because having no sure hope of escaping because having no sure hope of escaping because as soon as ever they shall be known they as soon as ever they shall be known they as soon as ever they shall be known they will soon be destroyed by the Romans

will soon be destroyed by the Romans will soon be destroyed by the Romans they come hither and fill us full of they come hither and fill us full of they come hither and fill us full of those calamities which belong to them those calamities which belong to them those calamities which belong to them while we have not been partakers with while we have not been partakers with while we have not been partakers with them in any of their sins accordingly them in any of their sins accordingly them in any of their sins accordingly they exhorted the multitude to have a they exhorted the multitude to have a they exhorted the multitude to have a care lest they should be brought to care lest they should be brought to care lest they should be brought to destruction by their means and to make destruction by their means and to make destruction by their means and to make their apology to the Romans for what had their apology to the Romans for what had their apology to the Romans for what had been done by delivering these men up to been done by delivering these men up to been done by delivering these men up to them who being the supprised of the them who being the supprised of the them who being the supprised of the greatness of the danger they were in greatness of the danger they were in greatness of the danger they were in complied with what was proposed and ran complied with what was proposed and ran complied with what was proposed and ran with great violence upon the Sicari eye with great violence upon the Sicari eye with great violence upon the Sicari eye and seized upon them and indeed 600 of and seized upon them and indeed 600 of and seized upon them and indeed 600 of them were caught immediately but as to them were caught immediately but as to them were caught immediately but as to all those that fled into Egypt and to all those that fled into Egypt and to all those that fled into Egypt and to the egyptian thebes it was not long ere the egyptian thebes it was not long ere the egyptian thebes it was not long ere they were caught also and brought they were caught also and brought they were caught also and brought back whose courage or whether we ought back whose courage or whether we ought back whose courage or whether we ought to call it madness or hardiness in their to call it madness or hardiness in their to call it madness or hardiness in their opinions every body was amazed at for opinions every body was amazed at for opinions every body was amazed at for when all sorts of torments and vexations when all sorts of torments and vexations when all sorts of torments and vexations of their bodies that could be devised of their bodies that could be devised of their bodies that could be devised were made use of to them they could not were made use of to them they could not were made use of to them they could not get anyone of them to comply so far as get anyone of them to comply so far as get anyone of them to comply so far as to confess or seem to confess that to confess or seem to confess that to confess or seem to confess that Caesar was their Lord but they preserved Caesar was their Lord but they preserved Caesar was their Lord but they preserved their own opinion in spite of all the their own opinion in spite of all the their own opinion in spite of all the distress they were brought to as if they distress they were brought to as if they distress they were brought to as if they received these torments and the fire received these torments and the fire received these torments and the fire itself with bodies insensible of pain itself with bodies insensible of pain itself with bodies insensible of pain and with a soul that in a manner and with a soul that in a manner and with a soul that in a manner rejoiced under them but what was most of rejoiced under them but what was most of rejoiced under them but what was most of all astonishing to the beholders was the all astonishing to the beholders was the all astonishing to the beholders was the courage of the children for not one of courage of the children for not one of courage of the children for not one of these children was so far overcome by these children was so far overcome by these children was so far overcome by these torments as to name Caesar for

these torments as to name Caesar for these torments as to name Caesar for their Lord so far does the strength of their Lord so far does the strength of their Lord so far does the strength of the courage of the soul prevail over the the courage of the soul prevail over the the courage of the soul prevail over the weakness of the body now lupus did then weakness of the body now lupus did then weakness of the body now lupus did then govern Alexandria who presently sent govern Alexandria who presently sent govern Alexandria who presently sent Caesar word of this commotion who having Caesar word of this commotion who having Caesar word of this commotion who having in suspicions the restless temper of the in suspicions the restless temper of the in suspicions the restless temper of the Jews for innovation and being afraid Jews for innovation and being afraid Jews for innovation and being afraid lest they should get together again and lest they should get together again and lest they should get together again and persuade some others to join with them persuade some others to join with them persuade some others to join with them gave orders to lupus to demolish that gave orders to lupus to demolish that gave orders to lupus to demolish that Jewish temple which was in the region Jewish temple which was in the region Jewish temple which was in the region called own Aeon and was in Egypt which called own Aeon and was in Egypt which called own Aeon and was in Egypt which was built and had its denomination from was built and had its denomination from was built and had its denomination from the occasion following own IIST the son the occasion following own IIST the son the occasion following own IIST the son of Simon one of the Jewish high priests of Simon one of the Jewish high priests of Simon one of the Jewish high priests fled from Antiochus the king of Syria fled from Antiochus the king of Syria fled from Antiochus the king of Syria when he made war with the Jews and came when he made war with the Jews and came when he made war with the Jews and came to Alexandria and as Ptolemy received to Alexandria and as Ptolemy received to Alexandria and as Ptolemy received him very kindly on account of hatred to him very kindly on account of hatred to him very kindly on account of hatred to Antiochus he assured him that if he Antiochus he assured him that if he Antiochus he assured him that if he would comply with his proposal he would would comply with his proposal he would would comply with his proposal he would bring all the Jews to his assistance and bring all the Jews to his assistance and bring all the Jews to his assistance and when the King agreed to do it so far as when the King agreed to do it so far as when the King agreed to do it so far as he was able he desired him to give him he was able he desired him to give him he was able he desired him to give him leave to build a temple somewhere in leave to build a temple somewhere in leave to build a temple somewhere in Egypt and to worship God according to Egypt and to worship God according to Egypt and to worship God according to the customs of his own country for that the customs of his own country for that the customs of his own country for that the Jews would then be so much ready er the Jews would then be so much ready er the Jews would then be so much ready er to fight against Antiochus who had laid to fight against Antiochus who had laid to fight against Antiochus who had laid waste the temple at Jerusalem and that waste the temple at Jerusalem and that waste the temple at Jerusalem and that they would then come to him with greater they would then come to him with greater they would then come to him with greater goodwill and that by granting them goodwill and that by granting them goodwill and that by granting them liberty of conscience very many of them liberty of conscience very many of them liberty of conscience very many of them would come over to him would come over to him would come over to him Ptolemy's complied with his proposals Ptolemy's complied with his proposals Ptolemy's complied with his proposals and gave him a place 180 furlongs

and gave him a place 180 furlongs and gave him a place 180 furlongs distant from Memphis that Nomos was distant from Memphis that Nomos was distant from Memphis that Nomos was called the Nomos of Heliopolis where own called the Nomos of Heliopolis where own called the Nomos of Heliopolis where own eius built a fortress and a temple not eius built a fortress and a temple not eius built a fortress and a temple not like to that at Jerusalem but such as like to that at Jerusalem but such as like to that at Jerusalem but such as resembled a tower he built it of large resembled a tower he built it of large resembled a tower he built it of large stones to the height of 60 cubits he stones to the height of 60 cubits he stones to the height of 60 cubits he made the structure of the altar in made the structure of the altar in made the structure of the altar in imitation of that in our own country and imitation of that in our own country and imitation of that in our own country and in like manner adorned with gifts in like manner adorned with gifts in like manner adorned with gifts accepting the make of the candlestick accepting the make of the candlestick accepting the make of the candlestick for he did not make a candlestick but for he did not make a candlestick but for he did not make a candlestick but had a single lamp hammered out of a had a single lamp hammered out of a had a single lamp hammered out of a piece of gold which illuminated the piece of gold which illuminated the piece of gold which illuminated the place with its rays and which he hung by place with its rays and which he hung by place with its rays and which he hung by a chain of gold but the entire temple a chain of gold but the entire temple a chain of gold but the entire temple was encompassed with a wall of burnt was encompassed with a wall of burnt was encompassed with a wall of burnt brick though it had gates of stone the brick though it had gates of stone the brick though it had gates of stone the King also gave him a large country for a King also gave him a large country for a King also gave him a large country for a revenue and money that both the priests revenue and money that both the priests revenue and money that both the priests might have a plentiful provision made might have a plentiful provision made might have a plentiful provision made for them and that God might have great for them and that God might have great for them and that God might have great abundance of what things were necessary abundance of what things were necessary abundance of what things were necessary for his worship yet did not own eius do for his worship yet did not own eius do for his worship yet did not own eius do this out of a sober disposition but he this out of a sober disposition but he this out of a sober disposition but he had a mind to contend with the Jews at had a mind to contend with the Jews at had a mind to contend with the Jews at Jerusalem and could not forget the Jerusalem and could not forget the Jerusalem and could not forget the indignation he had for being banished indignation he had for being banished indignation he had for being banished thence accordingly he thought that by thence accordingly he thought that by thence accordingly he thought that by building this temple he should draw away building this temple he should draw away building this temple he should draw away a great number from them to himself a great number from them to himself a great number from them to himself there had been also a certain ancient there had been also a certain ancient there had been also a certain ancient prediction made by a prophet whose name prediction made by a prophet whose name prediction made by a prophet whose name was Isaiah about 600 years before that was Isaiah about 600 years before that was Isaiah about 600 years before that this temple should be built by a man this temple should be built by a man this temple should be built by a man that was a Jew in Egypt and this is the that was a Jew in Egypt and this is the that was a Jew in Egypt and this is the history of the building of that temple history of the building of that temple history of the building of that temple and now lupus the governor of Alexandria

and now lupus the governor of Alexandria and now lupus the governor of Alexandria upon the receipt of Caesars letter came upon the receipt of Caesars letter came upon the receipt of Caesars letter came to the temple and carried out of it some to the temple and carried out of it some to the temple and carried out of it some of the donations dedicated thereto and of the donations dedicated thereto and of the donations dedicated thereto and shut up the temple itself and as lupus shut up the temple itself and as lupus shut up the temple itself and as lupus died a little afterward Paulinus died a little afterward Paulinus died a little afterward Paulinus succeeded him this man left none of succeeded him this man left none of succeeded him this man left none of those donations there and threatened the those donations there and threatened the those donations there and threatened the priests severely if they did not bring priests severely if they did not bring priests severely if they did not bring them all out nor did he permit any who them all out nor did he permit any who them all out nor did he permit any who were desirous of worshiping God there were desirous of worshiping God there were desirous of worshiping God there too so much has come near the whole too so much has come near the whole too so much has come near the whole sacred place but when he had shut up the sacred place but when he had shut up the sacred place but when he had shut up the gates he made it entirely inaccessible gates he made it entirely inaccessible gates he made it entirely inaccessible in so much that there remained no in so much that there remained no in so much that there remained no longer the least footsteps of any divine longer the least footsteps of any divine longer the least footsteps of any divine worship that had been in that place worship that had been in that place worship that had been in that place now the duration of the time from the now the duration of the time from the now the duration of the time from the building of this temple till it was shut building of this temple till it was shut building of this temple till it was shut up again was 343 years chapter 11 up again was 343 years chapter 11 up again was 343 years chapter 11 concerning Jonathan one of the Sicari I concerning Jonathan one of the Sicari I concerning Jonathan one of the Sicari I that stirred up a sedition in Cyrene and that stirred up a sedition in Cyrene and that stirred up a sedition in Cyrene and was a false accuser of the innocent and was a false accuser of the innocent and was a false accuser of the innocent and now did the madness of the Sicari I like now did the madness of the Sicari I like now did the madness of the Sicari I like a diseased reach as far as the cities of a diseased reach as far as the cities of a diseased reach as far as the cities of Cyrene for one Jonathan a vile person Cyrene for one Jonathan a vile person Cyrene for one Jonathan a vile person and by trade a Weaver came thither and and by trade a Weaver came thither and and by trade a Weaver came thither and prevailed with no small number of the prevailed with no small number of the prevailed with no small number of the poorer sort to give ear to him he also poorer sort to give ear to him he also poorer sort to give ear to him he also led them into the desert upon promising led them into the desert upon promising led them into the desert upon promising them that he would show them signs and them that he would show them signs and them that he would show them signs and apparitions and as for the other Jews of apparitions and as for the other Jews of apparitions and as for the other Jews of Cyrene he concealed his knavery from Cyrene he concealed his knavery from Cyrene he concealed his knavery from them and put tricks upon them but those them and put tricks upon them but those them and put tricks upon them but those of the greatest dignity among them

of the greatest dignity among them of the greatest dignity among them informed Catullus the governor of the informed Catullus the governor of the informed Catullus the governor of the libyan pentapolis of his march into the libyan pentapolis of his march into the libyan pentapolis of his march into the desert and of the preparations he had desert and of the preparations he had desert and of the preparations he had made for it so he sent out after him made for it so he sent out after him made for it so he sent out after him both horsemen and footmen and easily both horsemen and footmen and easily both horsemen and footmen and easily overcame them because they were unarmed overcame them because they were unarmed overcame them because they were unarmed men of these many were slain in the men of these many were slain in the men of these many were slain in the fight but some were taken alive and fight but some were taken alive and fight but some were taken alive and brought to Catullus as for Jonathan the brought to Catullus as for Jonathan the brought to Catullus as for Jonathan the head of this plot he fled away at that head of this plot he fled away at that head of this plot he fled away at that time but upon a great and very diligent time but upon a great and very diligent time but upon a great and very diligent search which was made all the country search which was made all the country search which was made all the country over for him he was at last taken and over for him he was at last taken and over for him he was at last taken and when he was brought to Catullus when he was brought to Catullus when he was brought to Catullus he devised a way whereby he both escaped he devised a way whereby he both escaped he devised a way whereby he both escaped punishment himself and afforded an punishment himself and afforded an punishment himself and afforded an occasion to Catullus of doing much occasion to Catullus of doing much occasion to Catullus of doing much mischief for he falsely accused the mischief for he falsely accused the mischief for he falsely accused the richest men among the Jews and said that richest men among the Jews and said that richest men among the Jews and said that they had put him upon what he did they had put him upon what he did they had put him upon what he did now Catullus easily admitted of these now Catullus easily admitted of these now Catullus easily admitted of these his calumny and aggravated matters his calumny and aggravated matters his calumny and aggravated matters greatly and made tragical exclamations greatly and made tragical exclamations greatly and made tragical exclamations that he might also be supposed to have that he might also be supposed to have that he might also be supposed to have had a hand in the finishing of the had a hand in the finishing of the had a hand in the finishing of the jewish war but what was still harder he jewish war but what was still harder he jewish war but what was still harder he did not only give a too easy belief to did not only give a too easy belief to did not only give a too easy belief to his stories but he taught the Sicari IDE his stories but he taught the Sicari IDE his stories but he taught the Sicari IDE to accuse men falsely he did this to accuse men falsely he did this to accuse men falsely he did this Jonathan therefore to name one Alexander Jonathan therefore to name one Alexander Jonathan therefore to name one Alexander a a a with whom he had formerly had a quarrel with whom he had formerly had a quarrel with whom he had formerly had a quarrel and openly professed that he hated him and openly professed that he hated him and openly professed that he hated him he also got him to name his wife Bernice he also got him to name his wife Bernice he also got him to name his wife Bernice as concerned with him these two Catullus as concerned with him these two Catullus as concerned with him these two Catullus ordered to be slain in the first place

ordered to be slain in the first place ordered to be slain in the first place nay after them he caused all the rich nay after them he caused all the rich nay after them he caused all the rich and wealthy Jews to be slain being no and wealthy Jews to be slain being no and wealthy Jews to be slain being no fewer in all than 3,000 this he thought fewer in all than 3,000 this he thought fewer in all than 3,000 this he thought he might do safely because he he might do safely because he he might do safely because he confiscated their effects and added them confiscated their effects and added them confiscated their effects and added them to Caesar's revenues nay indeed lest any to Caesar's revenues nay indeed lest any to Caesar's revenues nay indeed lest any Jews that lived elsewhere should convict Jews that lived elsewhere should convict Jews that lived elsewhere should convict him of his villainy he extended his him of his villainy he extended his him of his villainy he extended his false accusations further and persuaded false accusations further and persuaded false accusations further and persuaded Jonathan and certain others that were Jonathan and certain others that were Jonathan and certain others that were caught with him to bring an accusation caught with him to bring an accusation caught with him to bring an accusation of attempts for innovation against the of attempts for innovation against the of attempts for innovation against the Jews that were of the best character Jews that were of the best character Jews that were of the best character both at Alexandria and at Rome one of both at Alexandria and at Rome one of both at Alexandria and at Rome one of these against whom this treacherous these against whom this treacherous these against whom this treacherous accusation was laid was Josephus the accusation was laid was Josephus the accusation was laid was Josephus the writer of these books however this plot writer of these books however this plot writer of these books however this plot thus contrived by Catullus did not thus contrived by Catullus did not thus contrived by Catullus did not succeed according to his hopes for succeed according to his hopes for succeed according to his hopes for though he came himself to Rome and though he came himself to Rome and though he came himself to Rome and brought Jonathan and his companions brought Jonathan and his companions brought Jonathan and his companions along with him in bonds and thought that along with him in bonds and thought that along with him in bonds and thought that he should have no further Inquisition he should have no further Inquisition he should have no further Inquisition made as to the lies that were forged made as to the lies that were forged made as to the lies that were forged under his government or by his means yet under his government or by his means yet under his government or by his means yet did Vespasian suspect the matter and did Vespasian suspect the matter and did Vespasian suspect the matter and made an inquiry how far it was true and made an inquiry how far it was true and made an inquiry how far it was true and when he understood that the accusation when he understood that the accusation when he understood that the accusation laid against the Jews was an unjust one laid against the Jews was an unjust one laid against the Jews was an unjust one he cleared them of the crimes charged he cleared them of the crimes charged he cleared them of the crimes charged upon them and this on account of Titus's upon them and this on account of Titus's upon them and this on account of Titus's concern about the matter and brought a concern about the matter and brought a concern about the matter and brought a deserved punishment upon Jonathan for he deserved punishment upon Jonathan for he deserved punishment upon Jonathan for he was first tormented and then burnt alive was first tormented and then burnt alive was first tormented and then burnt alive but as to Catullus but as to Catullus but as to Catullus the emperors were so gentle to him that

the emperors were so gentle to him that the emperors were so gentle to him that he underwent no severe condemnation at he underwent no severe condemnation at he underwent no severe condemnation at this time yet was it not long before he this time yet was it not long before he this time yet was it not long before he fell into a complicated and almost fell into a complicated and almost fell into a complicated and almost incurable distemper and died miserably incurable distemper and died miserably incurable distemper and died miserably he was not only afflicted in body but he was not only afflicted in body but he was not only afflicted in body but the distemper in his mind was more heavy the distemper in his mind was more heavy the distemper in his mind was more heavy upon him than the other for he was upon him than the other for he was upon him than the other for he was terribly disturbed and continually cried terribly disturbed and continually cried terribly disturbed and continually cried out that he saw the ghosts of those whom out that he saw the ghosts of those whom out that he saw the ghosts of those whom he had slain standing before him he had slain standing before him he had slain standing before him whereupon he was not able to contain whereupon he was not able to contain whereupon he was not able to contain himself but leapt out of his bed as if himself but leapt out of his bed as if himself but leapt out of his bed as if both torments and fire were brought to both torments and fire were brought to both torments and fire were brought to him thus his distemper grew still a him thus his distemper grew still a him thus his distemper grew still a great deal worse and worse continually great deal worse and worse continually great deal worse and worse continually and his very entrails were so corroded and his very entrails were so corroded and his very entrails were so corroded that they fell out of his body and in that they fell out of his body and in that they fell out of his body and in that condition he died thus he became as that condition he died thus he became as that condition he died thus he became as great an instance of divine providence great an instance of divine providence great an instance of divine providence as ever was and demonstrated that God as ever was and demonstrated that God as ever was and demonstrated that God punishes wicked men and here we shall punishes wicked men and here we shall punishes wicked men and here we shall put an end to this our history wherein put an end to this our history wherein put an end to this our history wherein we formerly promised to deliver the same we formerly promised to deliver the same we formerly promised to deliver the same with all accuracy - such as should be with all accuracy - such as should be with all accuracy - such as should be desirous of understanding after what desirous of understanding after what desirous of understanding after what manner this war of the Romans with the manner this war of the Romans with the manner this war of the Romans with the Jews was managed of which history how Jews was managed of which history how Jews was managed of which history how good the style is must be left to the good the style is must be left to the good the style is must be left to the determination of the readers but as for determination of the readers but as for determination of the readers but as for its agreement with the facts I shall not its agreement with the facts I shall not its agreement with the facts I shall not scruple to say and that boldly that scruple to say and that boldly that scruple to say and that boldly that truth hath been what I have alone aimed truth hath been what I have alone aimed truth hath been what I have alone aimed at through its entire composition end of

at through its entire composition end of at through its entire composition end of book seven chapters 9 through 11 end of book seven chapters 9 through 11 end of book seven chapters 9 through 11 end of book seven end of the wars of the Jews book seven end of the wars of the Jews book seven end of the wars of the Jews by Flavius Josephus translated by by Flavius Josephus translated by by Flavius Josephus translated by William Whiston