The History Of Standard Oil, Ch 10 - Cutting To Kill

chapter 2 cutting to kill to know every chapter 2 cutting to kill to know every detail of the oil trade to be able to detail of the oil trade to be able to detail of the oil trade to be able to reach at any moment its remotest point reach at any moment its remotest point reach at any moment its remotest point to control even its weakest factor this to control even its weakest factor this to control even its weakest factor this was john d rockefeller x' ideal of doing was john d rockefeller x' ideal of doing was john d rockefeller x' ideal of doing business it seemed to be an intellectual business it seemed to be an intellectual business it seemed to be an intellectual necessity for him to be able to direct necessity for him to be able to direct necessity for him to be able to direct the course of any particular gallon of the course of any particular gallon of the course of any particular gallon of oil from the moment it dust from the oil from the moment it dust from the oil from the moment it dust from the earth until it went into the lamp of a earth until it went into the lamp of a earth until it went into the lamp of a housewife there must be nothing nothing housewife there must be nothing nothing housewife there must be nothing nothing in his great machine he did not know to in his great machine he did not know to in his great machine he did not know to be working right it was to complete this be working right it was to complete this be working right it was to complete this ideal to satisfy this necessity that he ideal to satisfy this necessity that he ideal to satisfy this necessity that he undertook late in the 70s to organize undertook late in the 70s to organize undertook late in the 70s to organize the oil markets of the world as he had the oil markets of the world as he had the oil markets of the world as he had already organized oil refining and oil already organized oil refining and oil already organized oil refining and oil transporting mr. Rockefeller was driven transporting mr. Rockefeller was driven transporting mr. Rockefeller was driven to this new task of organization not to this new task of organization not to this new task of organization not only by his own curious intellect he was only by his own curious intellect he was only by his own curious intellect he was driven to it by that thing so abhorrent driven to it by that thing so abhorrent driven to it by that thing so abhorrent to his mind competition if as he claimed to his mind competition if as he claimed to his mind competition if as he claimed the oil business belonged to him and if the oil business belonged to him and if the oil business belonged to him and if as he had announced he was prepared to as he had announced he was prepared to as he had announced he was prepared to refine all the oil that men would refine all the oil that men would refine all the oil that men would consume it followed as a corollary that consume it followed as a corollary that consume it followed as a corollary that the markets of the world belong to him the markets of the world belong to him the markets of the world belong to him in spite of his bold pretensions and his in spite of his bold pretensions and his in spite of his bold pretensions and his perfect organization a few obstinate oil perfect organization a few obstinate oil perfect organization a few obstinate oil refiners still lived and persisted in refiners still lived and persisted in refiners still lived and persisted in doing business they were a fly in his doing business they were a fly in his doing business they were a fly in his own mint a stick in his wonderful wheel own mint a stick in his wonderful wheel own mint a stick in his wonderful wheel he must get them out otherwise the great he must get them out otherwise the great he must get them out otherwise the great purpose would be unreal eyes and so

purpose would be unreal eyes and so purpose would be unreal eyes and so while engaged in organizing the world's while engaged in organizing the world's while engaged in organizing the world's markets he incidentally carried on a markets he incidentally carried on a markets he incidentally carried on a campaign against those who dared intrude campaign against those who dared intrude campaign against those who dared intrude there when mr. Rockefeller began to there when mr. Rockefeller began to there when mr. Rockefeller began to gather the oil markets into his hands he gather the oil markets into his hands he gather the oil markets into his hands he had a task whose field was literally the had a task whose field was literally the had a task whose field was literally the world for all ready in 1871 the year world for all ready in 1871 the year world for all ready in 1871 the year before he first appeared as an important before he first appeared as an important before he first appeared as an important factor in the oil trade refined oil was factor in the oil trade refined oil was factor in the oil trade refined oil was going into every civilized country of going into every civilized country of going into every civilized country of the globe of the five and a half million the globe of the five and a half million the globe of the five and a half million barrels of crude oil produced that year barrels of crude oil produced that year barrels of crude oil produced that year the world used five millions over three the world used five millions over three the world used five millions over three and a half of which went to foreign land and a half of which went to foreign land and a half of which went to foreign land this was the market which had been built this was the market which had been built this was the market which had been built up in the first ten years of business by up in the first ten years of business by up in the first ten years of business by the men who had developed the oil the men who had developed the oil the men who had developed the oil territory and invented the processes of territory and invented the processes of territory and invented the processes of refining and transporting and this was refining and transporting and this was refining and transporting and this was the market still further developed of the market still further developed of the market still further developed of course that mr. Rockefeller inherited course that mr. Rockefeller inherited course that mr. Rockefeller inherited when he succeeded in corralling the when he succeeded in corralling the when he succeeded in corralling the refining and transporting of oil it was refining and transporting of oil it was refining and transporting of oil it was this market he proceeded to organize the this market he proceeded to organize the this market he proceeded to organize the process of organization seems to have process of organization seems to have process of organization seems to have been natural and highly intelligent the been natural and highly intelligent the been natural and highly intelligent the entire country was buying refined oil entire country was buying refined oil entire country was buying refined oil for illumination many refiners had their for illumination many refiners had their for illumination many refiners had their own agents out looking for markets own agents out looking for markets own agents out looking for markets others sold to wholesale dealers or others sold to wholesale dealers or others sold to wholesale dealers or jobbers who placed trade with local jobbers who placed trade with local jobbers who placed trade with local dealers usually grocers mr. Rockefellers dealers usually grocers mr. Rockefellers dealers usually grocers mr. Rockefellers business was to replace independent business was to replace independent business was to replace independent agents and jobbers by his own employees agents and jobbers by his own employees agents and jobbers by his own employees the United States was mapped out and

the United States was mapped out and the United States was mapped out and agents appointed over these great agents appointed over these great agents appointed over these great divisions thus a certain portion of the divisions thus a certain portion of the divisions thus a certain portion of the southwest including Kansas Missouri southwest including Kansas Missouri southwest including Kansas Missouri Arkansas and Texas the waters Pryce Arkansas and Texas the waters Pryce Arkansas and Texas the waters Pryce company of st. Louis Missouri had charge company of st. Louis Missouri had charge company of st. Louis Missouri had charge of a portion of the south including of a portion of the south including of a portion of the south including Kentucky Tennessee in Mississippi chess Kentucky Tennessee in Mississippi chess Kentucky Tennessee in Mississippi chess Carly and company of Louisville Kentucky Carly and company of Louisville Kentucky Carly and company of Louisville Kentucky had charge of these companies in turn had charge of these companies in turn had charge of these companies in turn divided their territory into sections divided their territory into sections divided their territory into sections and put the subdivisions in the charge and put the subdivisions in the charge and put the subdivisions in the charge of local agents these local agents at of local agents these local agents at of local agents these local agents at stations were oil was received and stations were oil was received and stations were oil was received and stored and from which they and their stored and from which they and their stored and from which they and their salesmen carried on their campaigns this salesmen carried on their campaigns this salesmen carried on their campaigns this system inaugurated in the 70s has been system inaugurated in the 70s has been system inaugurated in the 70s has been developed until now the Standard Oil a developed until now the Standard Oil a developed until now the Standard Oil a company of each state has its own company of each state has its own company of each state has its own marketing department whose territory is marketing department whose territory is marketing department whose territory is divided and watched over in the above divided and watched over in the above divided and watched over in the above fashion the entire oil buying territory fashion the entire oil buying territory fashion the entire oil buying territory of the country is thus covered by local of the country is thus covered by local of the country is thus covered by local agents reporting to Division agents reporting to Division agents reporting to Division Headquarters these report in turn to the Headquarters these report in turn to the Headquarters these report in turn to the head of the state marketing department head of the state marketing department head of the state marketing department and his reports noted the general and his reports noted the general and his reports noted the general marketing headquarters in New York marketing headquarters in New York marketing headquarters in New York to those who know anything of the way in to those who know anything of the way in to those who know anything of the way in which mr. Rockefeller does business it which mr. Rockefeller does business it which mr. Rockefeller does business it will go without saying that this will go without saying that this will go without saying that this marketing department was conducted from marketing department was conducted from marketing department was conducted from the start with the greatest efficiency the start with the greatest efficiency the start with the greatest efficiency in economy its aim was to make every in economy its aim was to make every in economy its aim was to make every local station as nearly perfect in its local station as nearly perfect in its local station as nearly perfect in its service as it could be the buyer must service as it could be the buyer must service as it could be the buyer must receive his oil promptly in good

receive his oil promptly in good receive his oil promptly in good condition and of the great he desired condition and of the great he desired condition and of the great he desired if a customer complained the case if a customer complained the case if a customer complained the case received prompt attention and the cause received prompt attention and the cause received prompt attention and the cause was found and corrected he did not only was found and corrected he did not only was found and corrected he did not only receive oil receive oil receive oil he could have proper lamps and wicks and he could have proper lamps and wicks and he could have proper lamps and wicks and burners and directions about using them burners and directions about using them burners and directions about using them the local stations from which the dealer the local stations from which the dealer the local stations from which the dealer is served today our models of their kind is served today our models of their kind is served today our models of their kind and one can easily believe they have and one can easily believe they have and one can easily believe they have always been so oil even refined is a always been so oil even refined is a always been so oil even refined is a difficult thing to handle without much difficult thing to handle without much difficult thing to handle without much disagreeable odor and stain but the disagreeable odor and stain but the disagreeable odor and stain but the local stations of the Standard Oil local stations of the Standard Oil local stations of the Standard Oil Company like its refineries are kept Company like its refineries are kept Company like its refineries are kept orderly and cleaned by a rigid system of orderly and cleaned by a rigid system of orderly and cleaned by a rigid system of inspection every 2 or 3 months inspection every 2 or 3 months inspection every 2 or 3 months an inspector goes through each station an inspector goes through each station an inspector goes through each station and reports the headquarters on a and reports the headquarters on a and reports the headquarters on a multitude of details whether barrels are multitude of details whether barrels are multitude of details whether barrels are properly bunked filled stenciled painted properly bunked filled stenciled painted properly bunked filled stenciled painted glued whether tank wagons buckets glued whether tank wagons buckets glued whether tank wagons buckets faucets pipes are leaking whether the faucets pipes are leaking whether the faucets pipes are leaking whether the glue trough is clean the ground around glue trough is clean the ground around glue trough is clean the ground around the tanks dry the locks in good the tanks dry the locks in good the tanks dry the locks in good condition the horses properly cared for condition the horses properly cared for condition the horses properly cared for the weeds cut in the yard the time the the weeds cut in the yard the time the the weeds cut in the yard the time the agent gets around in the morning and the agent gets around in the morning and the agent gets around in the morning and the time he takes for lunch are reported the time he takes for lunch are reported the time he takes for lunch are reported the price he pays for feed for his horses price he pays for feed for his horses price he pays for feed for his horses for coal for repairs are noted in fact for coal for repairs are noted in fact for coal for repairs are noted in fact the condition of every local station at the condition of every local station at the condition of every local station at any given period can be accurately known any given period can be accurately known any given period can be accurately known at marketing headquarters if desired at marketing headquarters if desired at marketing headquarters if desired all of this tends of course to the all of this tends of course to the all of this tends of course to the greatest economy and efficiency in the greatest economy and efficiency in the greatest economy and efficiency in the local agents but the Standard Oil agents

local agents but the Standard Oil agents local agents but the Standard Oil agents were not sent into a territory back in were not sent into a territory back in were not sent into a territory back in the 70s simply to sell all the oil they the 70s simply to sell all the oil they the 70s simply to sell all the oil they could buy an efficient service and could buy an efficient service and could buy an efficient service and aggressive pushing they were sent there aggressive pushing they were sent there aggressive pushing they were sent there to sell all the oil that was bought the to sell all the oil that was bought the to sell all the oil that was bought the coal oil business belongs to us was mr. coal oil business belongs to us was mr. coal oil business belongs to us was mr. Rockefellers motto and from the Rockefellers motto and from the Rockefellers motto and from the beginning of his campaign beginning of his campaign beginning of his campaign in the markets his agents accepted and in the markets his agents accepted and in the markets his agents accepted and acted on that principle if a dealer acted on that principle if a dealer acted on that principle if a dealer bought but a barrel of oil a year it bought but a barrel of oil a year it bought but a barrel of oil a year it must be from mr. Rockefeller this must be from mr. Rockefeller this must be from mr. Rockefeller this ambition made it necessary that the ambition made it necessary that the ambition made it necessary that the agents have accurate knowledge of all agents have accurate knowledge of all agents have accurate knowledge of all outside transactions in oil however outside transactions in oil however outside transactions in oil however small made in their field how was this small made in their field how was this small made in their field how was this possible the South improvement scheme possible the South improvement scheme possible the South improvement scheme provided perfectly for this court found provided perfectly for this court found provided perfectly for this court found the railroad to send daily to the the railroad to send daily to the the railroad to send daily to the principal office of the company reports principal office of the company reports principal office of the company reports of all oil shipped the name of shipper of all oil shipped the name of shipper of all oil shipped the name of shipper the quantity and kind of oil the name of the quantity and kind of oil the name of the quantity and kind of oil the name of consign II with the destination and the consign II with the destination and the consign II with the destination and the cost of freight having knowledge such as cost of freight having knowledge such as cost of freight having knowledge such as this an agent could immediately locate this an agent could immediately locate this an agent could immediately locate each shipment of the independent refiner each shipment of the independent refiner each shipment of the independent refiner and take the proper steps to secure the and take the proper steps to secure the and take the proper steps to secure the trade but the south improvement scheme trade but the south improvement scheme trade but the south improvement scheme never went into operation it remained never went into operation it remained never went into operation it remained only as a beautiful ideal to be worked only as a beautiful ideal to be worked only as a beautiful ideal to be worked out as time and opportunity permitted out as time and opportunity permitted out as time and opportunity permitted the exact process by which this was done the exact process by which this was done the exact process by which this was done it is impossible to trace the work was it is impossible to trace the work was it is impossible to trace the work was delicate and involved operations of delicate and involved operations of delicate and involved operations of which it was wise for the operator to which it was wise for the operator to which it was wise for the operator to say nothing say nothing say nothing it is only certain that little by little

it is only certain that little by little it is only certain that little by little a secret Bureau for securing information a secret Bureau for securing information a secret Bureau for securing information was built up until it is a fact that was built up until it is a fact that was built up until it is a fact that information concerning the business of information concerning the business of information concerning the business of his competitors almost as full as that his competitors almost as full as that his competitors almost as full as that which mr. Rockefeller hoped to get when which mr. Rockefeller hoped to get when which mr. Rockefeller hoped to get when he signed the South improvement company he signed the South improvement company he signed the South improvement company contracts he is his today perhaps the contracts he is his today perhaps the contracts he is his today perhaps the best way to get an idea of how mr. best way to get an idea of how mr. best way to get an idea of how mr. Rockefeller filled up this department as Rockefeller filled up this department as Rockefeller filled up this department as well as others of his marketing Bureau well as others of his marketing Bureau well as others of his marketing Bureau is to examine it as it stands today is to examine it as it stands today is to examine it as it stands today first then as to the methods for first then as to the methods for first then as to the methods for securing information which are in securing information which are in securing information which are in operation naturally and properly the operation naturally and properly the operation naturally and properly the local agents of the Standard Oil Company local agents of the Standard Oil Company local agents of the Standard Oil Company are watchful of the condition of are watchful of the condition of are watchful of the condition of competition in their districts and competition in their districts and competition in their districts and naturally and properly they report what naturally and properly they report what naturally and properly they report what they learn we asked our salesmen and our they learn we asked our salesmen and our they learn we asked our salesmen and our agents to keep their eyes open and keep agents to keep their eyes open and keep agents to keep their eyes open and keep us informed of the situation in their us informed of the situation in their us informed of the situation in their respective fields a standard agent told respective fields a standard agent told respective fields a standard agent told the Industrial Commission in 1898 we the Industrial Commission in 1898 we the Industrial Commission in 1898 we asked our agents as they visit the trade asked our agents as they visit the trade asked our agents as they visit the trade to make reports to us of whom the to make reports to us of whom the to make reports to us of whom the different parties are different parties are different parties are principally to know whether our agents principally to know whether our agents principally to know whether our agents are attending to their business or not are attending to their business or not are attending to their business or not if they are letting too much business if they are letting too much business if they are letting too much business get away from them it looks as if they get away from them it looks as if they get away from them it looks as if they were not attending to their business were not attending to their business were not attending to their business they get it from what they see as they they get it from what they see as they they get it from what they see as they go around selling goods but there is no go around selling goods but there is no go around selling goods but there is no such generality about this part of the such generality about this part of the such generality about this part of the agents or salesman's business as this agents or salesman's business as this agents or salesman's business as this statement would lead one to believe as a statement would lead one to believe as a statement would lead one to believe as a matter of fact it is a thoroughly matter of fact it is a thoroughly matter of fact it is a thoroughly scientific operation the gentleman who

scientific operation the gentleman who scientific operation the gentleman who made the above statement for instance made the above statement for instance made the above statement for instance sends his local agents a blank like the sends his local agents a blank like the sends his local agents a blank like the following to be made out each month the following to be made out each month the following to be made out each month the local agent gets the information to fill local agent gets the information to fill local agent gets the information to fill out such a report in various ways he out such a report in various ways he out such a report in various ways he questions the dealers closely he watches questions the dealers closely he watches questions the dealers closely he watches the railway freight stations he the railway freight stations he the railway freight stations he interviews everybody in any way interviews everybody in any way interviews everybody in any way connected with the handling of oil in connected with the handling of oil in connected with the handling of oil in his territory all of which may be proper his territory all of which may be proper his territory all of which may be proper enough when in the early eighties Howard enough when in the early eighties Howard enough when in the early eighties Howard page of the Standard Oil Company was in page of the Standard Oil Company was in page of the Standard Oil Company was in charge of the standard shipping charge of the standard shipping charge of the standard shipping department in Kentucky his agents department in Kentucky his agents department in Kentucky his agents visited the depots once a day to see visited the depots once a day to see visited the depots once a day to see what oil arrived there from independent what oil arrived there from independent what oil arrived there from independent shippers a record of these shipments was shippers a record of these shipments was shippers a record of these shipments was made and reported monthly to mr. cage he made and reported monthly to mr. cage he made and reported monthly to mr. cage he was able to tell the Interstate Commerce was able to tell the Interstate Commerce was able to tell the Interstate Commerce Commission in 1887 almost exactly what Commission in 1887 almost exactly what Commission in 1887 almost exactly what his rivals had been shipping by rail and his rivals had been shipping by rail and his rivals had been shipping by rail and by river mr. Page claimed that his by river mr. Page claimed that his by river mr. Page claimed that his agents had no special privileges that agents had no special privileges that agents had no special privileges that anybody's agents would have been allowed anybody's agents would have been allowed anybody's agents would have been allowed to examine the incoming cars note the to examine the incoming cars note the to examine the incoming cars note the consignor contents and consign need it consignor contents and consign need it consignor contents and consign need it did not appear in the examination did not appear in the examination did not appear in the examination however that anybody but mr. Page had however that anybody but mr. Page had however that anybody but mr. Page had sent agents to do such a thing sent agents to do such a thing sent agents to do such a thing the waters Pierce Oil Company of st.

the waters Pierce Oil Company of st. the waters Pierce Oil Company of st. Louis once paid one of its Texas agents Louis once paid one of its Texas agents Louis once paid one of its Texas agents this unique compliment we are glad to this unique compliment we are glad to this unique compliment we are glad to know you are on such good terms with the know you are on such good terms with the know you are on such good terms with the railroad people that mr. Klem an age at railroad people that mr. Klem an age at railroad people that mr. Klem an age at Hamlin independent oil gains nothing by Hamlin independent oil gains nothing by Hamlin independent oil gains nothing by marking his shipments by numbers instead marking his shipments by numbers instead marking his shipments by numbers instead of names in the same letter the writer of names in the same letter the writer of names in the same letter the writer said would be glad to have you advise us said would be glad to have you advise us said would be glad to have you advise us when Clem's first two tanks had been when Clem's first two tanks had been when Clem's first two tanks had been emptied and returned also the second two emptied and returned also the second two emptied and returned also the second two to which you refer as having been in the to which you refer as having been in the to which you refer as having been in the yard yard yard nine and sixteen days that we may know nine and sixteen days that we may know nine and sixteen days that we may know how long they have been held in Dallas how long they have been held in Dallas how long they have been held in Dallas the movement of tank cars enters into the movement of tank cars enters into the movement of tank cars enters into the cost of oil so it is necessary to the cost of oil so it is necessary to the cost of oil so it is necessary to have this information that we may know have this information that we may know have this information that we may know what we are competing with the superior what we are competing with the superior what we are competing with the superior receiving the filled blanks carefully receiving the filled blanks carefully receiving the filled blanks carefully follows them by letters of instructions follows them by letters of instructions follows them by letters of instructions and inquiries himself keeping track of and inquiries himself keeping track of and inquiries himself keeping track of each dealer however insignificant in the each dealer however insignificant in the each dealer however insignificant in the local agents territory and when one out local agents territory and when one out local agents territory and when one out of line has been brought in never of line has been brought in never of line has been brought in never failing to compliment his subordinate failing to compliment his subordinate failing to compliment his subordinate but however diligent the agent may be in but however diligent the agent may be in but however diligent the agent may be in keeping his eyes open however he may be keeping his eyes open however he may be keeping his eyes open however he may be stirred to activity by the prodding and stirred to activity by the prodding and stirred to activity by the prodding and compliments of his superiors it is of compliments of his superiors it is of compliments of his superiors it is of course out of the question that he get course out of the question that he get course out of the question that he get anything like the full information the anything like the full information the anything like the full information the self improvement scheme ensured what he self improvement scheme ensured what he self improvement scheme ensured what he is able to do is supplemented by a is able to do is supplemented by a is able to do is supplemented by a system which compares very favorably system which compares very favorably system which compares very favorably with that famous scheme and which with that famous scheme and which with that famous scheme and which undoubtedly was suggested by it for many undoubtedly was suggested by it for many undoubtedly was suggested by it for many years years years independent refiners have declared that independent refiners have declared that independent refiners have declared that the details of their shipments were

the details of their shipments were the details of their shipments were leaking regularly from their own leaking regularly from their own leaking regularly from their own employees or from clerks and freight employees or from clerks and freight employees or from clerks and freight offices at every investigation made offices at every investigation made offices at every investigation made these declarations have been repeated an these declarations have been repeated an these declarations have been repeated an occasional proof has been offered for occasional proof has been offered for occasional proof has been offered for instance a Cleveland refiner John Tegel instance a Cleveland refiner John Tegel instance a Cleveland refiner John Tegel testified in 1888 to the congressional testified in 1888 to the congressional testified in 1888 to the congressional committee that one day in 1883 his committee that one day in 1883 his committee that one day in 1883 his bookkeeper came to him and told him that bookkeeper came to him and told him that bookkeeper came to him and told him that he had been approached by a brother of he had been approached by a brother of he had been approached by a brother of the secretary of the Standard Oil the secretary of the Standard Oil the secretary of the Standard Oil Company at Cleveland who had asked him Company at Cleveland who had asked him Company at Cleveland who had asked him if he did not wish to make some money if he did not wish to make some money if he did not wish to make some money the bookkeeper asked how and after some the bookkeeper asked how and after some the bookkeeper asked how and after some talk he was informed that it would be by talk he was informed that it would be by talk he was informed that it would be by his giving information concerning the his giving information concerning the his giving information concerning the business of his firms of the standard business of his firms of the standard business of his firms of the standard the bookkeeper seems to have been a the bookkeeper seems to have been a the bookkeeper seems to have been a weary fellow for he dismissed his weary fellow for he dismissed his weary fellow for he dismissed his interlocutor without arousing suspicion interlocutor without arousing suspicion interlocutor without arousing suspicion and then took the case there mr. Tegel and then took the case there mr. Tegel and then took the case there mr. Tegel who asked him to make some kind of an who asked him to make some kind of an who asked him to make some kind of an arrangement in order to find out just arrangement in order to find out just arrangement in order to find out just what information the standard wanted the what information the standard wanted the what information the standard wanted the man did this for twenty-five dollars man did this for twenty-five dollars man did this for twenty-five dollars down and a small sum per year he was to down and a small sum per year he was to down and a small sum per year he was to make a transcript of mr. t goals daily make a transcript of mr. t goals daily make a transcript of mr. t goals daily shipments with net price received for shipments with net price received for shipments with net price received for the same he was to tell what the cost of the same he was to tell what the cost of the same he was to tell what the cost of manufacturing in the refined manufacturing in the refined manufacturing in the refined he was the amount of gasoline inapt the he was the amount of gasoline inapt the he was the amount of gasoline inapt the mate and Nanette price received for them mate and Nanette price received for them mate and Nanette price received for them what was done with the tar and what what was done with the tar and what what was done with the tar and what percentage of different grades of oil percentage of different grades of oil percentage of different grades of oil was made also how much oil was exported was made also how much oil was exported was made also how much oil was exported this information was to be mailed this information was to be mailed this information was to be mailed regularly to box 164 of the Cleveland regularly to box 164 of the Cleveland regularly to box 164 of the Cleveland post office mr. Tegel who at that moment

post office mr. Tegel who at that moment post office mr. Tegel who at that moment was hot on the tracks of the standard in was hot on the tracks of the standard in was hot on the tracks of the standard in the courts got an affidavit from the the courts got an affidavit from the the courts got an affidavit from the bookkeeper this he took with the money bookkeeper this he took with the money bookkeeper this he took with the money which the clerk had received to the which the clerk had received to the which the clerk had received to the secretary of the Standard Oil Company secretary of the Standard Oil Company secretary of the Standard Oil Company and charged him with bribery at first and charged him with bribery at first and charged him with bribery at first the gentleman denied having any the gentleman denied having any the gentleman denied having any knowledge of the matter but he finally knowledge of the matter but he finally knowledge of the matter but he finally confessed and even took back the money confessed and even took back the money confessed and even took back the money mr. Tegel then gave the whole story to mr. Tegel then gave the whole story to mr. Tegel then gave the whole story to the newspapers where it of course made the newspapers where it of course made the newspapers where it of course made much noise several gentlemen testified much noise several gentlemen testified much noise several gentlemen testified before the recent industrial commission before the recent industrial commission before the recent industrial commission to the belief that their business was to the belief that their business was to the belief that their business was under the constant espionage of the under the constant espionage of the under the constant espionage of the Standard Oil Company Standard Oil Company Standard Oil Company Theodore Westgate an oil refiner of Theodore Westgate an oil refiner of Theodore Westgate an oil refiner of Titusville told the Commission that all Titusville told the Commission that all Titusville told the Commission that all of his shipments were watched the of his shipments were watched the of his shipments were watched the inference from his testimony was that inference from his testimony was that inference from his testimony was that the Standard Oil Company received the Standard Oil Company received the Standard Oil Company received reports direct from the freight houses reports direct from the freight houses reports direct from the freight houses Louis Emery jr. of Radford of lifelong Louis Emery jr. of Radford of lifelong Louis Emery jr. of Radford of lifelong contestant of the standard declared that contestant of the standard declared that contestant of the standard declared that he knew his business was followed now in he knew his business was followed now in he knew his business was followed now in the same way as it was in 1872 under the the same way as it was in 1872 under the the same way as it was in 1872 under the South improvement company contract he South improvement company contract he South improvement company contract he gave one or two instances from his own gave one or two instances from his own gave one or two instances from his own business experience to justify his business experience to justify his business experience to justify his statements and he added that he could statements and he added that he could statements and he added that he could give many others if necessary mr. Goll give many others if necessary mr. Goll give many others if necessary mr. Goll of Montreal Canada declared that these of Montreal Canada declared that these of Montreal Canada declared that these same methods were in operation in Canada same methods were in operation in Canada same methods were in operation in Canada when our tank cars came in when our tank cars came in when our tank cars came in mr. Gaul told the Commission the mr. Gaul told the Commission the mr. Gaul told the Commission the Standard Oil Company have a habit of Standard Oil Company have a habit of Standard Oil Company have a habit of sending their men opening a tank car and sending their men opening a tank car and sending their men opening a tank car and taking a sample out to see what it

taking a sample out to see what it taking a sample out to see what it contains mr. Gaul declared that he knew contains mr. Gaul declared that he knew contains mr. Gaul declared that he knew this a long time before he was able to this a long time before he was able to this a long time before he was able to get proof of it he declared that they get proof of it he declared that they get proof of it he declared that they knew the number of cars that he shipped knew the number of cars that he shipped knew the number of cars that he shipped and the place to which they went and and the place to which they went and and the place to which they went and that it was their habit to send salesmen that it was their habit to send salesmen that it was their habit to send salesmen after every shipment after every shipment after every shipment mrs. GC butts a daughter of George rice mrs. GC butts a daughter of George rice mrs. GC butts a daughter of George rice an an an dependent refiner of Marietta Ohio told dependent refiner of Marietta Ohio told dependent refiner of Marietta Ohio told the Ohio Senate committee which the Ohio Senate committee which the Ohio Senate committee which investigated trust in 1898 that a investigated trust in 1898 that a investigated trust in 1898 that a railroad agent of their town had railroad agent of their town had railroad agent of their town had notified them that he had been notified them that he had been notified them that he had been approached by a standard representative approached by a standard representative approached by a standard representative who asked him for a full report of all who asked him for a full report of all who asked him for a full report of all independent shipments to whom and we're independent shipments to whom and we're independent shipments to whom and we're going the agent refused but said mrs. going the agent refused but said mrs. going the agent refused but said mrs. butts we found out later that someone butts we found out later that someone butts we found out later that someone was giving them this information and was giving them this information and was giving them this information and that it was being given right from our that it was being given right from our that it was being given right from our own works a party writing us from the own works a party writing us from the own works a party writing us from the waters Pierce office wrote that we had waters Pierce office wrote that we had waters Pierce office wrote that we had no idea of the network of detectives no idea of the network of detectives no idea of the network of detectives generally railroad agents that his generally railroad agents that his generally railroad agents that his company kept and that everything that we company kept and that everything that we company kept and that everything that we or our agent said or did was reported or our agent said or did was reported or our agent said or did was reported back to the managers through a regular back to the managers through a regular back to the managers through a regular network of detectives who were agents of network of detectives who were agents of network of detectives who were agents of the railroads and oil company as well the railroads and oil company as well the railroads and oil company as well but while the proofs the independents but while the proofs the independents but while the proofs the independents have offered of their charges show that have offered of their charges show that have offered of their charges show that such leaks have occurred at intervals such leaks have occurred at intervals such leaks have occurred at intervals all over the country they do not show all over the country they do not show all over the country they do not show anything like a regular system of anything like a regular system of anything like a regular system of collecting information through this collecting information through this collecting information through this channel from the evidence one would be channel from the evidence one would be channel from the evidence one would be justified in believing that the cases justified in believing that the cases justified in believing that the cases were rare occurring only when a not were rare occurring only when a not were rare occurring only when a not overnight standard manager got into hot overnight standard manager got into hot overnight standard manager got into hot competition with a rival and prevailed

competition with a rival and prevailed competition with a rival and prevailed upon a freight agent to give him upon a freight agent to give him upon a freight agent to give him information to help in this fight information to help in this fight information to help in this fight in 1903 however the writer came into in 1903 however the writer came into in 1903 however the writer came into possession of a large mass of documents possession of a large mass of documents possession of a large mass of documents of unquestionable authenticity bearing of unquestionable authenticity bearing of unquestionable authenticity bearing out all and more than the independence out all and more than the independence out all and more than the independence charged they show that the standard oil charged they show that the standard oil charged they show that the standard oil company receives regularly today at company receives regularly today at company receives regularly today at least from the railroads and Steamship least from the railroads and Steamship least from the railroads and Steamship Lines represented in these papers Lines represented in these papers Lines represented in these papers information of all oil shipped a study information of all oil shipped a study information of all oil shipped a study of these papers shows beyond question of these papers shows beyond question of these papers shows beyond question that somebody having access to the books that somebody having access to the books that somebody having access to the books of the freight offices records regularly of the freight offices records regularly of the freight offices records regularly each oil shipment passing the office the each oil shipment passing the office the each oil shipment passing the office the names of the cosine or could sign e the names of the cosine or could sign e the names of the cosine or could sign e the addresses of each and the quantity and addresses of each and the quantity and addresses of each and the quantity and kind of oil are given in each case this kind of oil are given in each case this kind of oil are given in each case this record is made out usually on a sheet of record is made out usually on a sheet of record is made out usually on a sheet of blank paper though occasionally the blank paper though occasionally the blank paper though occasionally the recorder has been indiscreet enough to recorder has been indiscreet enough to recorder has been indiscreet enough to use the railroad company stationery the use the railroad company stationery the use the railroad company stationery the reports are evidently intended not to be reports are evidently intended not to be reports are evidently intended not to be signed though there are cases in the signed though there are cases in the signed though there are cases in the documents where the name of the Center documents where the name of the Center documents where the name of the Center has been signed and erased in one case a has been signed and erased in one case a has been signed and erased in one case a printed head bearing the name of the printed head bearing the name of the printed head bearing the name of the freight agent had been used the name had freight agent had been used the name had freight agent had been used the name had been cut out but so carelessly that it been cut out but so carelessly that it been cut out but so carelessly that it was easy to identify him was easy to identify him was easy to identify him these reports had evidently been sent to these reports had evidently been sent to these reports had evidently been sent to the office of the Standard Oil Company the office of the Standard Oil Company the office of the Standard Oil Company where they had received a careful where they had received a careful where they had received a careful examination and the information they examination and the information they examination and the information they contained had been classified wherever contained had been classified wherever contained had been classified wherever the shipment entered was from one of the

the shipment entered was from one of the the shipment entered was from one of the distributing stations of the Standard distributing stations of the Standard distributing stations of the Standard Oil Company a line was drawn through it Oil Company a line was drawn through it Oil Company a line was drawn through it or it was checked off in some way in or it was checked off in some way in or it was checked off in some way in every other case in the mass of reports every other case in the mass of reports every other case in the mass of reports there was written opposite the name of there was written opposite the name of there was written opposite the name of the consign he the name of a person the consign he the name of a person the consign he the name of a person known to be a standard agent or salesman known to be a standard agent or salesman known to be a standard agent or salesman in the territory where the shipment had in the territory where the shipment had in the territory where the shipment had gone now what was this for copies of gone now what was this for copies of gone now what was this for copies of letters and telegrams accompanying letters and telegrams accompanying letters and telegrams accompanying reports showed that as soon as a reports showed that as soon as a reports showed that as soon as a particular report had reached standard particular report had reached standard particular report had reached standard headquarters and it was known that a headquarters and it was known that a headquarters and it was known that a carload or even a barrel of independent carload or even a barrel of independent carload or even a barrel of independent oil was on its way to a dealer the oil was on its way to a dealer the oil was on its way to a dealer the standard agent whose name was written standard agent whose name was written standard agent whose name was written after the shipment on the record had after the shipment on the record had after the shipment on the record had been notified if you can stop car going been notified if you can stop car going been notified if you can stop car going to X authorized rebate to see name of to X authorized rebate to see name of to X authorized rebate to see name of dealer a dealer a dealer a quarter cent per gallon one of the quarter cent per gallon one of the quarter cent per gallon one of the telegrams reads there is plenty of telegrams reads there is plenty of telegrams reads there is plenty of evidence to show how an agent receiving evidence to show how an agent receiving evidence to show how an agent receiving such information stops the oil he such information stops the oil he such information stops the oil he persuades the dealer to counterman the persuades the dealer to counterman the persuades the dealer to counterman the order George rice went before the House order George rice went before the House order George rice went before the House Committee of Manufacturers in 1888 Committee of Manufacturers in 1888 Committee of Manufacturers in 1888 presented a number of telegrams as presented a number of telegrams as presented a number of telegrams as samples of his experience in having samples of his experience in having samples of his experience in having orders countered mounted in Texas four orders countered mounted in Texas four orders countered mounted in Texas four of these were sent out on the same day of these were sent out on the same day of these were sent out on the same day from different dealers in the same town from different dealers in the same town from different dealers in the same town San Angelo mr. rice investigated the San Angelo mr. rice investigated the San Angelo mr. rice investigated the cause and by letters from the various cause and by letters from the various cause and by letters from the various firms learned that the standard agent firms learned that the standard agent firms learned that the standard agent had been around threatening to trade had been around threatening to trade had been around threatening to trade that if they bought of me they would not that if they bought of me they would not that if they bought of me they would not sell them anymore as he put it mrs.

sell them anymore as he put it mrs. sell them anymore as he put it mrs. Potts Potts Potts in her testimony in 1898 said that her in her testimony in 1898 said that her in her testimony in 1898 said that her firm had a customer in New Orleans to firm had a customer in New Orleans to firm had a customer in New Orleans to whom they had been selling from 500 to whom they had been selling from 500 to whom they had been selling from 500 to 1,000 barrels a month and that the 1,000 barrels a month and that the 1,000 barrels a month and that the standard representative made a contract standard representative made a contract standard representative made a contract with him to pay him ten thousand dollars with him to pay him ten thousand dollars with him to pay him ten thousand dollars a year for five years to stop handling a year for five years to stop handling a year for five years to stop handling the independent oil and takes Standard the independent oil and takes Standard the independent oil and takes Standard Oil Oil Oil mrs. bucks offered as evidence of a mrs. bucks offered as evidence of a mrs. bucks offered as evidence of a similar transaction in Texas the similar transaction in Texas the similar transaction in Texas the following letter Lockhart Texas November following letter Lockhart Texas November following letter Lockhart Texas November 30 1894 mr. Kenan who is with the waters 30 1894 mr. Kenan who is with the waters 30 1894 mr. Kenan who is with the waters Pierce people at Galveston has made Pierce people at Galveston has made Pierce people at Galveston has made several visits and made his propositions several visits and made his propositions several visits and made his propositions of all kinds to get us out of the of all kinds to get us out of the of all kinds to get us out of the business among others he offered to pay business among others he offered to pay business among others he offered to pay us a monthly salary if we would quit us a monthly salary if we would quit us a monthly salary if we would quit selling oil and let them have full selling oil and let them have full selling oil and let them have full control of the trade and insisted that control of the trade and insisted that control of the trade and insisted that we name a figure that we would take and we name a figure that we would take and we name a figure that we would take and get out of the business and also get out of the business and also get out of the business and also threatened that if we did not accept his threatened that if we did not accept his threatened that if we did not accept his proposition they would cut prices below proposition they would cut prices below proposition they would cut prices below what oil cost us and force us out of what oil cost us and force us out of what oil cost us and force us out of business business business we asked him the question should we we asked him the question should we we asked him the question should we accept his proposal would they continue accept his proposal would they continue accept his proposal would they continue to sell oil as cheap as we were then to sell oil as cheap as we were then to sell oil as cheap as we were then selling it and he stated most positively selling it and he stated most positively selling it and he stated most positively that they would always advance a price that they would always advance a price that they would always advance a price at once should they succeed in at once should they succeed in at once should they succeed in destroying competition J s Lewis and destroying competition J s Lewis and destroying competition J s Lewis and company company company in the Ohio investigation of 1898 John in the Ohio investigation of 1898 John in the Ohio investigation of 1898 John Tegel of Cleveland being upon his oath Tegel of Cleveland being upon his oath Tegel of Cleveland being upon his oath said that his firm had had great said that his firm had had great said that his firm had had great difficulty in getting goods accepted

difficulty in getting goods accepted difficulty in getting goods accepted because the standard agents would because the standard agents would because the standard agents would persuade the dealers to cancel the persuade the dealers to cancel the persuade the dealers to cancel the orders they would have their local man orders they would have their local man orders they would have their local man or some other man call upon the trade or some other man call upon the trade or some other man call upon the trade and use their influence and talk lower and use their influence and talk lower and use their influence and talk lower prices or make a lower retail price or prices or make a lower retail price or prices or make a lower retail price or something to convince them that they something to convince them that they something to convince them that they better not take our oil and I suppose to better not take our oil and I suppose to better not take our oil and I suppose to buy there's mr. Tegel presented the buy there's mr. Tegel presented the buy there's mr. Tegel presented the following letter signed by a standard following letter signed by a standard following letter signed by a standard representative explaining such a counter representative explaining such a counter representative explaining such a counter band John Fowler des Moines Iowa January band John Fowler des Moines Iowa January band John Fowler des Moines Iowa January 14 1891 Hampton Iowa dear sir our 14 1891 Hampton Iowa dear sir our 14 1891 Hampton Iowa dear sir our Marshalltown manager mr. Ruth has Marshalltown manager mr. Ruth has Marshalltown manager mr. Ruth has explained the circumstances regarding explained the circumstances regarding explained the circumstances regarding the purchase and subsequent counterman the purchase and subsequent counterman the purchase and subsequent counterman of a car of oil from our competitors he of a car of oil from our competitors he of a car of oil from our competitors he desires to have us express to you our desires to have us express to you our desires to have us express to you our promise that we will stand all expense promise that we will stand all expense promise that we will stand all expense provided there should be any trouble provided there should be any trouble provided there should be any trouble growing out of the cow demand of this growing out of the cow demand of this growing out of the cow demand of this car we cheerfully promise to do this we car we cheerfully promise to do this we car we cheerfully promise to do this we have the best legal advice which can be have the best legal advice which can be have the best legal advice which can be obtained in Iowa bearing on the points obtained in Iowa bearing on the points obtained in Iowa bearing on the points in the case an order can be in the case an order can be in the case an order can be countermanded either before or after countermanded either before or after countermanded either before or after goods have been shipped and in fact can goods have been shipped and in fact can goods have been shipped and in fact can be countermanded even if the goods have be countermanded even if the goods have be countermanded even if the goods have already arrived in our eyes the depo already arrived in our eyes the depo already arrived in our eyes the depo affirm is absolutely obliged to accept a affirm is absolutely obliged to accept a affirm is absolutely obliged to accept a counterman the fact that the order has counterman the fact that the order has counterman the fact that the order has been signed does not make any difference been signed does not make any difference been signed does not make any difference we want you to absolutely refuse under we want you to absolutely refuse under we want you to absolutely refuse under any circumstances to accept the car of any circumstances to accept the car of any circumstances to accept the car of oil we are standing back of you in this oil we are standing back of you in this oil we are standing back of you in this matter and will protect you in every way

matter and will protect you in every way matter and will protect you in every way and we kindly ask you to keep this and we kindly ask you to keep this and we kindly ask you to keep this letter strictly confidential letter strictly confidential letter strictly confidential yours truly ET pratt peter Shull of the yours truly ET pratt peter Shull of the yours truly ET pratt peter Shull of the independent oil company of mansfield independent oil company of mansfield independent oil company of mansfield ohio testify before the same committee ohio testify before the same committee ohio testify before the same committee to experiences similar to those of mr. to experiences similar to those of mr. to experiences similar to those of mr. Tegel if i put a man on the road to sell Tegel if i put a man on the road to sell Tegel if i put a man on the road to sell goods for me said mr. Shaw and he takes goods for me said mr. Shaw and he takes goods for me said mr. Shaw and he takes orders to the amount of two hundred to orders to the amount of two hundred to orders to the amount of two hundred to three hundred barrels a week before I am three hundred barrels a week before I am three hundred barrels a week before I am able to ship these goods possibly the able to ship these goods possibly the able to ship these goods possibly the Standard Oil Company has gone there and Standard Oil Company has gone there and Standard Oil Company has gone there and compelled those people to counter ban compelled those people to counter ban compelled those people to counter ban those orders those orders those orders under a threat that if they don't under a threat that if they don't under a threat that if they don't counterman them they will put the price counterman them they will put the price counterman them they will put the price of oil down to such a price that they of oil down to such a price that they of oil down to such a price that they cannot afford to handle the goods in cannot afford to handle the goods in cannot afford to handle the goods in support of his assertion mr. Shalford support of his assertion mr. Shalford support of his assertion mr. Shalford letters from firms he has been dealing letters from firms he has been dealing letters from firms he has been dealing with the following citations show the with the following citations show the with the following citations show the character of them Tiffin Ohio February 1 character of them Tiffin Ohio February 1 character of them Tiffin Ohio February 1 1898 independent oil company Mansfield 1898 independent oil company Mansfield 1898 independent oil company Mansfield Ohio Ohio Ohio dear Sirs the Standard Oil Company after dear Sirs the Standard Oil Company after dear Sirs the Standard Oil Company after your man was here had the cheek to come your man was here had the cheek to come your man was here had the cheek to come in and ask how many barrels of oil we in and ask how many barrels of oil we in and ask how many barrels of oil we bought and so forth then asked us to bought and so forth then asked us to bought and so forth then asked us to counterman the order saying it would be counterman the order saying it would be counterman the order saying it would be for our best we understand they have put for our best we understand they have put for our best we understand they have put their oil in our next door and offered their oil in our next door and offered their oil in our next door and offered it at six cents per gallon at retail it at six cents per gallon at retail it at six cents per gallon at retail shall we turn tail or show them fight shall we turn tail or show them fight shall we turn tail or show them fight if sell will you help us out any yours if sell will you help us out any yours if sell will you help us out any yours truly Talbot and son Tiffin Ohio January truly Talbot and son Tiffin Ohio January truly Talbot and son Tiffin Ohio January 24 1898 independent oil company dear

24 1898 independent oil company dear 24 1898 independent oil company dear sirs I am sorry to say that a Standard sirs I am sorry to say that a Standard sirs I am sorry to say that a Standard Oil man from your city followed that oil Oil man from your city followed that oil Oil man from your city followed that oil car and oil to my place and told me that car and oil to my place and told me that car and oil to my place and told me that he would not let me make a dollar on he would not let me make a dollar on he would not let me make a dollar on that oil and was dogging me around for that oil and was dogging me around for that oil and was dogging me around for two days to buy that oil and made all two days to buy that oil and made all two days to buy that oil and made all kinds of threats and talk to my people kinds of threats and talk to my people kinds of threats and talk to my people of the house while I was out and of the house while I was out and of the house while I was out and persuaded me to sell and I was in a stew persuaded me to sell and I was in a stew persuaded me to sell and I was in a stew what I should do but I yield it and I what I should do but I yield it and I what I should do but I yield it and I have been very sorry for it since I have been very sorry for it since I have been very sorry for it since I thought I would hate to see the bottom thought I would hate to see the bottom thought I would hate to see the bottom knocked out on the prices but that is knocked out on the prices but that is knocked out on the prices but that is why I did it the only reason the oil was why I did it the only reason the oil was why I did it the only reason the oil was alright I now see the mistake and that alright I now see the mistake and that alright I now see the mistake and that is of getting two carloads coming in is of getting two carloads coming in is of getting two carloads coming in here inside of a week is more than the here inside of a week is more than the here inside of a week is more than the other company will stand yours truly H a other company will stand yours truly H a other company will stand yours truly H a Eric in case the agent cannot persuade Eric in case the agent cannot persuade Eric in case the agent cannot persuade the dealer to countermand his order more the dealer to countermand his order more the dealer to countermand his order more strenuous measures are applied the strenuous measures are applied the strenuous measures are applied the glitters quoted above hint at what they glitters quoted above hint at what they glitters quoted above hint at what they will be many letters have been presented will be many letters have been presented will be many letters have been presented by witnesses under oath in various by witnesses under oath in various by witnesses under oath in various investigations showing that standard oil investigations showing that standard oil investigations showing that standard oil agents in all parts of the country have agents in all parts of the country have agents in all parts of the country have found it necessary for the last 25 years found it necessary for the last 25 years found it necessary for the last 25 years to act at times as these letters to act at times as these letters to act at times as these letters threaten one of the most aggressive threaten one of the most aggressive threaten one of the most aggressive these campaigns waged at the beginning these campaigns waged at the beginning these campaigns waged at the beginning of this war of exterminating independent of this war of exterminating independent of this war of exterminating independent dealers was by the standard marketing dealers was by the standard marketing dealers was by the standard marketing agent at Louisville Kentucky chess Carly agent at Louisville Kentucky chess Carly agent at Louisville Kentucky chess Carly and company this concern claimed a large and company this concern claimed a large and company this concern claimed a large section of the south as its territory section of the south as its territory section of the south as its territory George rice of Marietta Ohio had been in

George rice of Marietta Ohio had been in George rice of Marietta Ohio had been in this field for eight or ten years having this field for eight or ten years having this field for eight or ten years having many regular customers it became chess many regular customers it became chess many regular customers it became chess charlie and company's business to secure charlie and company's business to secure charlie and company's business to secure these customers and to prevent his these customers and to prevent his these customers and to prevent his getting others mr. rice was handicapped getting others mr. rice was handicapped getting others mr. rice was handicapped to begin with by railroad discrimination to begin with by railroad discrimination to begin with by railroad discrimination he was never able to secure the rates of he was never able to secure the rates of he was never able to secure the rates of his big rival on any of the southern his big rival on any of the southern his big rival on any of the southern roads in 1888 the Interstate Commerce roads in 1888 the Interstate Commerce roads in 1888 the Interstate Commerce Commission examined his complaints Commission examined his complaints Commission examined his complaints against eight different southern and against eight different southern and against eight different southern and western roads and found that no one of western roads and found that no one of western roads and found that no one of them treated him with relative justice them treated him with relative justice them treated him with relative justice railroad discriminations were not railroad discriminations were not railroad discriminations were not sufficient to drive him out of the sufficient to drive him out of the sufficient to drive him out of the southwest however and a war of crisis southwest however and a war of crisis southwest however and a war of crisis was begun according to the letters mr. was begun according to the letters mr. was begun according to the letters mr. rice himself has presented he certainly rice himself has presented he certainly rice himself has presented he certainly in some cases began the cutting as he in some cases began the cutting as he in some cases began the cutting as he could well afford to do for instance could well afford to do for instance could well afford to do for instance chess Carly and company were selling chess Carly and company were selling chess Carly and company were selling water white oil in September 1888 in water white oil in September 1888 in water white oil in September 1888 in Clarksville Tennessee at 21 cents a Clarksville Tennessee at 21 cents a Clarksville Tennessee at 21 cents a gallon delivered in carloads export oil gallon delivered in carloads export oil gallon delivered in carloads export oil was selling in barrels in New York at was selling in barrels in New York at was selling in barrels in New York at that date at ten and five eight cents a that date at ten and five eight cents a that date at ten and five eight cents a gallon gallon gallon Rice's agent offered at eighteen cents Rice's agent offered at eighteen cents Rice's agent offered at eighteen cents the dealer to whom he made the offer the dealer to whom he made the offer the dealer to whom he made the offer Armstrong by name wish to accept but as Armstrong by name wish to accept but as Armstrong by name wish to accept but as he had been buying of chess Carly and he had been buying of chess Carly and he had been buying of chess Carly and company went first to see them about the company went first to see them about the company went first to see them about the matter he came back scared almost out of matter he came back scared almost out of matter he came back scared almost out of his boots wrote the agent to rice Carly his boots wrote the agent to rice Carly his boots wrote the agent to rice Carly told him he would break him up if he told him he would break him up if he told him he would break him up if he bought oil of anyone else that the bought oil of anyone else that the bought oil of anyone else that the Standard Oil Company had authorized him Standard Oil Company had authorized him Standard Oil Company had authorized him to spend ten thousand dollars to break

to spend ten thousand dollars to break to spend ten thousand dollars to break up any concern that bought oil from up any concern that bought oil from up any concern that bought oil from anyone else that he Carly would put all anyone else that he Carly would put all anyone else that he Carly would put all his drummers in the field the Honda his drummers in the field the Honda his drummers in the field the Honda Armstrong's customers and sell his Armstrong's customers and sell his Armstrong's customers and sell his customers groceries at 5% below customers groceries at 5% below customers groceries at 5% below Armstrong's prices and turn all Armstrong's prices and turn all Armstrong's prices and turn all Armstrong's trade over to more Brehme Armstrong's trade over to more Brehme Armstrong's trade over to more Brehme current company and settled with more current company and settled with more current company and settled with more Brehme current company for their losses Brehme current company for their losses Brehme current company for their losses in helping to break Armstrong up in helping to break Armstrong up in helping to break Armstrong up every 30 days that if Armstrong sent any every 30 days that if Armstrong sent any every 30 days that if Armstrong sent any other oil to Clarksville Tennessee he other oil to Clarksville Tennessee he other oil to Clarksville Tennessee he Carly would put the price of oil so low Carly would put the price of oil so low Carly would put the price of oil so low in Clarksville as to make the party lose in Clarksville as to make the party lose in Clarksville as to make the party lose heavily and that they the standard would heavily and that they the standard would heavily and that they the standard would break up anyone that would sell him break up anyone that would sell him break up anyone that would sell him Armstrong oil and that he Harley had Armstrong oil and that he Harley had Armstrong oil and that he Harley had told stegun riling the same thing told stegun riling the same thing told stegun riling the same thing did you ever what do you think of that did you ever what do you think of that did you ever what do you think of that very soon after this Ches Carly and very soon after this Ches Carly and very soon after this Ches Carly and company took in him a Nashville firm company took in him a Nashville firm company took in him a Nashville firm Wilkinson and company which was buying Wilkinson and company which was buying Wilkinson and company which was buying of rice it is with great reluctance they of rice it is with great reluctance they of rice it is with great reluctance they wrote that we undertake serious wrote that we undertake serious wrote that we undertake serious competition with anyone and certainly competition with anyone and certainly competition with anyone and certainly this competition will not be confined to this competition will not be confined to this competition will not be confined to coal oil or any one article and will not coal oil or any one article and will not coal oil or any one article and will not be limit it to any one year we always be limit it to any one year we always be limit it to any one year we always stand ready to make reasonable stand ready to make reasonable stand ready to make reasonable arrangements with anyone who chooses to arrangements with anyone who chooses to arrangements with anyone who chooses to appear in our line of business and it appear in our line of business and it appear in our line of business and it will be unlike anything we have done will be unlike anything we have done will be unlike anything we have done before if we permit anyone to force us before if we permit anyone to force us before if we permit anyone to force us into an arrangement which is not into an arrangement which is not into an arrangement which is not reasonable any loss however great is reasonable any loss however great is reasonable any loss however great is better to us than a record of this kind better to us than a record of this kind better to us than a record of this kind and four days later they wrote if you

and four days later they wrote if you and four days later they wrote if you continue to bring on the oil it will continue to bring on the oil it will continue to bring on the oil it will simply force us to cut down our price simply force us to cut down our price simply force us to cut down our price and no other course is left to us but and no other course is left to us but and no other course is left to us but the one we have intimated Wilkinson and the one we have intimated Wilkinson and the one we have intimated Wilkinson and company seem to have stuck for Rice's company seem to have stuck for Rice's company seem to have stuck for Rice's oil for 16 months later we find chess oil for 16 months later we find chess oil for 16 months later we find chess carly and company calling on the agent carly and company calling on the agent carly and company calling on the agent of a railroad which was already giving of a railroad which was already giving of a railroad which was already giving the standard discriminating rates to the standard discriminating rates to the standard discriminating rates to help in the fight the screw was turned help in the fight the screw was turned help in the fight the screw was turned mr. rice affirms his rate being raised mr. rice affirms his rate being raised mr. rice affirms his rate being raised 50 percent in five days rice carried on 50 percent in five days rice carried on 50 percent in five days rice carried on his fight for a market in the most his fight for a market in the most his fight for a market in the most aggressive way and everywhere he met aggressive way and everywhere he met aggressive way and everywhere he met disastrous competition in 1892 he disastrous competition in 1892 he disastrous competition in 1892 he published a large pamphlet of documents published a large pamphlet of documents published a large pamphlet of documents illustrating standards methods in which illustrating standards methods in which illustrating standards methods in which he included citations from some 70 he included citations from some 70 he included citations from some 70 letters from dealers in Texas received letters from dealers in Texas received letters from dealers in Texas received by him between 1881 and 1889 showing the by him between 1881 and 1889 showing the by him between 1881 and 1889 showing the kind of competition his oil met there kind of competition his oil met there kind of competition his oil met there from the waters Pierce Oil Company the from the waters Pierce Oil Company the from the waters Pierce Oil Company the standards Texas Ages a dozen sentences standards Texas Ages a dozen sentences standards Texas Ages a dozen sentences from as many different towns will show from as many different towns will show from as many different towns will show the character the character the character of them all I have had wonderful of them all I have had wonderful of them all I have had wonderful competition on this car as soon as my competition on this car as soon as my competition on this car as soon as my car arrived the waters Pierce oil car arrived the waters Pierce oil car arrived the waters Pierce oil company who has an agent here slap the company who has an agent here slap the company who has an agent here slap the price down to one dollar and 80 cents price down to one dollar and 80 cents price down to one dollar and 80 cents per case 110 oil was selling at this per case 110 oil was selling at this per case 110 oil was selling at this point for 2 dollars and 50 cents per point for 2 dollars and 50 cents per point for 2 dollars and 50 cents per case and as soon as your car arrived it case and as soon as your car arrived it case and as soon as your car arrived it was put down to one dollar and fifty was put down to one dollar and fifty was put down to one dollar and fifty cents which it is selling at today the cents which it is selling at today the cents which it is selling at today the waters Pierce oil company reduced their

waters Pierce oil company reduced their waters Pierce oil company reduced their prices on brilliant oil from 2 dollars prices on brilliant oil from 2 dollars prices on brilliant oil from 2 dollars and 60 cents to one dollar and fifty and 60 cents to one dollar and fifty and 60 cents to one dollar and fifty cents per case and is waging a fierce cents per case and is waging a fierce cents per case and is waging a fierce war war war waters Pierce oil company has our state waters Pierce oil company has our state waters Pierce oil company has our state by the throat and we would like to be by the throat and we would like to be by the throat and we would like to be extricated I would like to handle to extricated I would like to handle to extricated I would like to handle to your oil if I could be protected against your oil if I could be protected against your oil if I could be protected against the water its peers or company i am the water its peers or company i am the water its peers or company i am afraid if i would buy a car of oil from afraid if i would buy a car of oil from afraid if i would buy a car of oil from you this company would put the oil way you this company would put the oil way you this company would put the oil way below what i pay and make me lose big below what i pay and make me lose big below what i pay and make me lose big money i can handle your oil in large money i can handle your oil in large money i can handle your oil in large quantities if you would protect me quantities if you would protect me quantities if you would protect me against them the water spears oil against them the water spears oil against them the water spears oil company has cut the stuffing out of coal company has cut the stuffing out of coal company has cut the stuffing out of coal oil and have been ever since i got in my oil and have been ever since i got in my oil and have been ever since i got in my last car they put the price to the last car they put the price to the last car they put the price to the merchants at $1 80 cents per case we merchants at $1 80 cents per case we merchants at $1 80 cents per case we have your quotations on oil while they have your quotations on oil while they have your quotations on oil while they are much lower than what we pay yet are much lower than what we pay yet are much lower than what we pay yet unless a car load could be engaged it unless a car load could be engaged it unless a car load could be engaged it would pay no firm to try and handle as would pay no firm to try and handle as would pay no firm to try and handle as waters Pierce Oil Company would cut a waters Pierce Oil Company would cut a waters Pierce Oil Company would cut a low cost insane the day your oil arrived low cost insane the day your oil arrived low cost insane the day your oil arrived here their agent went to all my here their agent went to all my here their agent went to all my customers and offered their European oil customers and offered their European oil customers and offered their European oil at 10 cents per gallon in barrels and at 10 cents per gallon in barrels and at 10 cents per gallon in barrels and one dollar and fifty cents per case and one dollar and fifty cents per case and one dollar and fifty cents per case and lower grades in proportion and told them lower grades in proportion and told them lower grades in proportion and told them if they did not refuse to take the oil if they did not refuse to take the oil if they did not refuse to take the oil he would not sell them any more at any he would not sell them any more at any he would not sell them any more at any price and that he was going to run me price and that he was going to run me price and that he was going to run me out of the business and then they would out of the business and then they would out of the business and then they would be at his mercy be at his mercy be at his mercy now we think waters Pierce oil company now we think waters Pierce oil company now we think waters Pierce oil company have been getting too high a price for have been getting too high a price for have been getting too high a price for their oil they are able and do furnished

their oil they are able and do furnished their oil they are able and do furnished almost this entire state with oil they almost this entire state with oil they almost this entire state with oil they cut prices to such an extent when any cut prices to such an extent when any cut prices to such an extent when any other oil is offered in this state that other oil is offered in this state that other oil is offered in this state that they forced the parties handling the oil they forced the parties handling the oil they forced the parties handling the oil who abandoned their trade trace and who abandoned their trade trace and who abandoned their trade trace and hurry up car of oil shipped to you we hurry up car of oil shipped to you we hurry up car of oil shipped to you we learned it is possible that your oil is learned it is possible that your oil is learned it is possible that your oil is sidetracked on the line that waters sidetracked on the line that waters sidetracked on the line that waters Pierce might get in their work if we Pierce might get in their work if we Pierce might get in their work if we were to buy a car or more the water were to buy a car or more the water were to buy a car or more the water Speirs oil company would manage to sell Speirs oil company would manage to sell Speirs oil company would manage to sell a little cheaper than we could and a little cheaper than we could and a little cheaper than we could and continue doing so until they busted me continue doing so until they busted me continue doing so until they busted me up up up in regard to oil we are about out now in regard to oil we are about out now in regard to oil we are about out now and waters peers have put their oil up and waters peers have put their oil up and waters peers have put their oil up again and quotas at the old price again and quotas at the old price again and quotas at the old price jabbers say when they take hold of jabbers say when they take hold of jabbers say when they take hold of another oil they are at once boycotted another oil they are at once boycotted another oil they are at once boycotted by waters peers oil company who not only by waters peers oil company who not only by waters peers oil company who not only refused to sell to them but put oil refused to sell to them but put oil refused to sell to them but put oil below what they pay for it and dust below what they pay for it and dust below what they pay for it and dust knocked them out of the oil trade unless knocked them out of the oil trade unless knocked them out of the oil trade unless they sell at a loss they sell at a loss they sell at a loss if I find that I can handle your oil in if I find that I can handle your oil in if I find that I can handle your oil in Texas without being run out and losing Texas without being run out and losing Texas without being run out and losing money by this infernal corporation the money by this infernal corporation the money by this infernal corporation the waters Pierce oil company I want to waters Pierce oil company I want to waters Pierce oil company I want to arrange with you to handle it arrange with you to handle it arrange with you to handle it extensively extensively extensively I received verbal notice this morning I received verbal notice this morning I received verbal notice this morning from their agent that they would make it from their agent that they would make it from their agent that they would make it hot for me when my oil got here this is hot for me when my oil got here this is hot for me when my oil got here this is the end of chapter 10 part 1 recording the end of chapter 10 part 1 recording the end of chapter 10 part 1 recording by Tom Weiss Tom's audiobooks calm chapter 10 part two of the history of

chapter 10 part two of the history of Standard Oil vol 2 by Ida Tarbell this Standard Oil vol 2 by Ida Tarbell this Standard Oil vol 2 by Ida Tarbell this LibriVox recording is in the public LibriVox recording is in the public LibriVox recording is in the public domain recording by Tom Weiss cutting to domain recording by Tom Weiss cutting to domain recording by Tom Weiss cutting to kill mr. rice claims in his preface to kill mr. rice claims in his preface to kill mr. rice claims in his preface to the collection of letters here quoted the collection of letters here quoted the collection of letters here quoted from that he has hundreds of similar from that he has hundreds of similar from that he has hundreds of similar ones from different states in the Union ones from different states in the Union ones from different states in the Union and the writer asked to examine them the and the writer asked to examine them the and the writer asked to examine them the package of documents submitted and reply package of documents submitted and reply package of documents submitted and reply to this request was made up literally a to this request was made up literally a to this request was made up literally a hundreds of letters they came from hundreds of letters they came from hundreds of letters they came from twelve different states and show twelve different states and show twelve different states and show everywhere the same competitive methods everywhere the same competitive methods everywhere the same competitive methods cutting to kill one thing very cutting to kill one thing very cutting to kill one thing very noticeable in these letters is the noticeable in these letters is the noticeable in these letters is the indignation of the dealers at the indignation of the dealers at the indignation of the dealers at the standard methods of securing trade they standard methods of securing trade they standard methods of securing trade they resent threats they complained of the resent threats they complained of the resent threats they complained of the standard agents knows about their standard agents knows about their standard agents knows about their premises that they asked impudent premises that they asked impudent premises that they asked impudent questions and that they generally make questions and that they generally make questions and that they generally make the trade disgusting and humiliating in the trade disgusting and humiliating in the trade disgusting and humiliating in Mississippi in the 80s the indignation Mississippi in the 80s the indignation Mississippi in the 80s the indignation of the small dealers against Ches Carly of the small dealers against Ches Carly of the small dealers against Ches Carly & Company was so strong that they formed & Company was so strong that they formed & Company was so strong that they formed associations binding themselves not to associations binding themselves not to associations binding themselves not to deal with them the same tactics have deal with them the same tactics have deal with them the same tactics have been kept up in the southwest ever since been kept up in the southwest ever since been kept up in the southwest ever since a letter dated April 28 1891 from the a letter dated April 28 1891 from the a letter dated April 28 1891 from the vice president of the waters Pierce Oil vice president of the waters Pierce Oil vice president of the waters Pierce Oil Company AM Finley - his agent at Dallas Company AM Finley - his agent at Dallas Company AM Finley - his agent at Dallas Texas says bluntly we want to make the Texas says bluntly we want to make the Texas says bluntly we want to make the prices at Dallas and in the neighborhood prices at Dallas and in the neighborhood prices at Dallas and in the neighborhood on brilliant and water white oil that

on brilliant and water white oil that on brilliant and water white oil that will prevent clem an independent dealer will prevent clem an independent dealer will prevent clem an independent dealer from doing any business and mr. Finley's from doing any business and mr. Finley's from doing any business and mr. Finley's ass hope you will make it a point to be ass hope you will make it a point to be ass hope you will make it a point to be present at the next meeting of the City present at the next meeting of the City present at the next meeting of the City Council tomorrow night and do everything Council tomorrow night and do everything Council tomorrow night and do everything possible to prevent granting a permit to possible to prevent granting a permit to possible to prevent granting a permit to build within the city limits unless build within the city limits unless build within the city limits unless building similar to ours is constructed building similar to ours is constructed building similar to ours is constructed for it would not be fair to us to allow for it would not be fair to us to allow for it would not be fair to us to allow someone else to put up constructions for someone else to put up constructions for someone else to put up constructions for the storage of oil when they had the storage of oil when they had the storage of oil when they had compelled us to put up such an expensive compelled us to put up such an expensive compelled us to put up such an expensive building as we have mr. rice is not the building as we have mr. rice is not the building as we have mr. rice is not the only independent oil dealer who has only independent oil dealer who has only independent oil dealer who has produced similar testimony mr. Tegel and produced similar testimony mr. Tegel and produced similar testimony mr. Tegel and mr. Shaw mr. Shaw mr. Shaw in Ohio have furnished considerable the in Ohio have furnished considerable the in Ohio have furnished considerable the reason we quit taking your oil is this reason we quit taking your oil is this reason we quit taking your oil is this wrote a Kansas dealer disco fields wrote a Kansas dealer disco fields wrote a Kansas dealer disco fields Shermer and Tegel in 1896 the Standard Shermer and Tegel in 1896 the Standard Shermer and Tegel in 1896 the Standard Oil Company notified us that if we Oil Company notified us that if we Oil Company notified us that if we continued handling your oil they would continued handling your oil they would continued handling your oil they would cut the oil to 10 cents retail and that cut the oil to 10 cents retail and that cut the oil to 10 cents retail and that we could not afford to do and for that we could not afford to do and for that we could not afford to do and for that reason we are forced to take their oil reason we are forced to take their oil reason we are forced to take their oil or do business for nothing or at a loss or do business for nothing or at a loss or do business for nothing or at a loss the standard agent has repeatedly told the standard agent has repeatedly told the standard agent has repeatedly told me that if I continued buying oil and me that if I continued buying oil and me that if I continued buying oil and gasoline from your wagon wrote an Ohio gasoline from your wagon wrote an Ohio gasoline from your wagon wrote an Ohio dealer to the same firm in 1897 they dealer to the same firm in 1897 they dealer to the same firm in 1897 they would have it retailed here for less would have it retailed here for less would have it retailed here for less than I could buy I paid no attention to than I could buy I paid no attention to than I could buy I paid no attention to him but yesterday their agent was here him but yesterday their agent was here him but yesterday their agent was here and asked me decidedly if I would and asked me decidedly if I would and asked me decidedly if I would continue buying oil and gasoline from continue buying oil and gasoline from continue buying oil and gasoline from your wagon I told him I would do so then

your wagon I told him I would do so then your wagon I told him I would do so then he went and made arrangements with the he went and made arrangements with the he went and made arrangements with the dealers that handled their oil and dealers that handled their oil and dealers that handled their oil and gasoline to retail it for seven cents gasoline to retail it for seven cents gasoline to retail it for seven cents mr. Shaw summed up his testimony before mr. Shaw summed up his testimony before mr. Shaw summed up his testimony before the same committee to which mr. Tegel the same committee to which mr. Tegel the same committee to which mr. Tegel gave me above by declaring you take ten gave me above by declaring you take ten gave me above by declaring you take ten thousand dollars and go into the thousand dollars and go into the thousand dollars and go into the business and I will guarantee you won't business and I will guarantee you won't business and I will guarantee you won't be in business 90 days their motto is be in business 90 days their motto is be in business 90 days their motto is that anybody going into the oil business that anybody going into the oil business that anybody going into the oil business in opposition to them they will make in opposition to them they will make in opposition to them they will make light a burden to him that is about as light a burden to him that is about as light a burden to him that is about as near as you can get to it considerable near as you can get to it considerable near as you can get to it considerable testimony of the same sort of practices testimony of the same sort of practices testimony of the same sort of practices was offered in the recent hearing before was offered in the recent hearing before was offered in the recent hearing before the industrial commission most of it the industrial commission most of it the industrial commission most of it general and character the most general and character the most general and character the most significant special case was offered by significant special case was offered by significant special case was offered by mr. Westgate the treasurer of the mr. Westgate the treasurer of the mr. Westgate the treasurer of the American oil works an independent American oil works an independent American oil works an independent refinery of Titusville Pennsylvania the refinery of Titusville Pennsylvania the refinery of Titusville Pennsylvania the American oil works it seems were in 1894 American oil works it seems were in 1894 American oil works it seems were in 1894 shipping oil called sunlight in barrels shipping oil called sunlight in barrels shipping oil called sunlight in barrels to South Bend Washington this was in the to South Bend Washington this was in the to South Bend Washington this was in the territory of the standard agents at territory of the standard agents at territory of the standard agents at Portland Oregon Portland Oregon Portland Oregon one of whom wrote to a South Bend dealer one of whom wrote to a South Bend dealer one of whom wrote to a South Bend dealer when he heard of the intrusion we will when he heard of the intrusion we will when he heard of the intrusion we will state for your information that never a state for your information that never a state for your information that never a drop of oil has reached South Bend a drop of oil has reached South Bend a drop of oil has reached South Bend a better quality than what we have always better quality than what we have always better quality than what we have always shipped into that territory they can shipped into that territory they can shipped into that territory they can name it sunlight moonlight or starlight name it sunlight moonlight or starlight name it sunlight moonlight or starlight makes no difference you can rest assured makes no difference you can rest assured makes no difference you can rest assured if another Karla of sunlight arrives at if another Karla of sunlight arrives at if another Karla of sunlight arrives at your place it will be sold very cheap your place it will be sold very cheap your place it will be sold very cheap we do not purpose to allow another

we do not purpose to allow another we do not purpose to allow another carload to come into that territory carload to come into that territory carload to come into that territory unless it comes and is put on the market unless it comes and is put on the market unless it comes and is put on the market at 1/2 its actual cost you can convey at 1/2 its actual cost you can convey at 1/2 its actual cost you can convey this idea to the young man who imported this idea to the young man who imported this idea to the young man who imported the carload of sunlight oil when John D the carload of sunlight oil when John D the carload of sunlight oil when John D Archibald Archibald Archibald of the Standard Oil Company had his of the Standard Oil Company had his of the Standard Oil Company had his attention call to this letter by attention call to this letter by attention call to this letter by professor Jenks of the Industrial professor Jenks of the Industrial professor Jenks of the Industrial Commission mr. arch Paul characterized Commission mr. arch Paul characterized Commission mr. arch Paul characterized that letter as a foolish statement by a that letter as a foolish statement by a that letter as a foolish statement by a foolish and unwise man and promised to foolish and unwise man and promised to foolish and unwise man and promised to investigate it later he presented the investigate it later he presented the investigate it later he presented the Commission with an explanation from the Commission with an explanation from the Commission with an explanation from the superior of the agent who declared that superior of the agent who declared that superior of the agent who declared that the writer of the letter did not have the writer of the letter did not have the writer of the letter did not have any authority to say that oil would be any authority to say that oil would be any authority to say that oil would be sold on the basis mentioned the letter sold on the basis mentioned the letter sold on the basis mentioned the letter he continued was intended to be written he continued was intended to be written he continued was intended to be written in a jocular manner to deny a claim that in a jocular manner to deny a claim that in a jocular manner to deny a claim that he was selling oil inferior and quality he was selling oil inferior and quality he was selling oil inferior and quality to that sold by others it is hard for to that sold by others it is hard for to that sold by others it is hard for the mere outsider to catch the the mere outsider to catch the the mere outsider to catch the jocularity of the letter and it must jocularity of the letter and it must jocularity of the letter and it must have been much more difficult for the have been much more difficult for the have been much more difficult for the dealer who received it to appreciate it dealer who received it to appreciate it dealer who received it to appreciate it independent oil dealers of the present independent oil dealers of the present independent oil dealers of the present day complained bitterly of a rather day complained bitterly of a rather day complained bitterly of a rather novel way employed by the standard for novel way employed by the standard for novel way employed by the standard for bringing into line dealers whose bringing into line dealers whose bringing into line dealers whose prejudices against buying from them are prejudices against buying from them are prejudices against buying from them are too strong to be overcome by the above too strong to be overcome by the above too strong to be overcome by the above methods this is through what are called methods this is through what are called methods this is through what are called bogus oil companies the obdurate dealer bogus oil companies the obdurate dealer bogus oil companies the obdurate dealer is approached by the agent of a new is approached by the agent of a new is approached by the agent of a new independent concern call it the ABC Oil independent concern call it the ABC Oil independent concern call it the ABC Oil Company for illustration the agent seeks Company for illustration the agent seeks Company for illustration the agent seeks trade on the ground that he represents

trade on the ground that he represents trade on the ground that he represents an independent concern and that he can an independent concern and that he can an independent concern and that he can sell at lower prices than the firm from sell at lower prices than the firm from sell at lower prices than the firm from which the dealer is buying gradually he which the dealer is buying gradually he which the dealer is buying gradually he works his way into the independence works his way into the independence works his way into the independence trade as a matter of fact the new trade as a matter of fact the new trade as a matter of fact the new company is merely a standard jobbing company is merely a standard jobbing company is merely a standard jobbing house which makes no oil and which house which makes no oil and which house which makes no oil and which conceals its real identity under a conceals its real identity under a conceals its real identity under a misleading name the mass of reports from misleading name the mass of reports from misleading name the mass of reports from railroad freight offices quoted from in railroad freight offices quoted from in railroad freight offices quoted from in this article corroborate this claim of this article corroborate this claim of this article corroborate this claim of the independence the ABC Oil Company is the independence the ABC Oil Company is the independence the ABC Oil Company is mentioned again and again the shipping mentioned again and again the shipping mentioned again and again the shipping oil and in the honored oil and in the honored oil and in the honored kourt's it is always checked off in the kourt's it is always checked off in the kourt's it is always checked off in the same fashion as the known standard same fashion as the known standard same fashion as the known standard companies and none of its shipments is companies and none of its shipments is companies and none of its shipments is referred to standard agents independence referred to standard agents independence referred to standard agents independence all over the country tell of loss of all over the country tell of loss of all over the country tell of loss of markets through underselling by these markets through underselling by these markets through underselling by these bogus companies the lower price which is bogus companies the lower price which is bogus companies the lower price which is supposedly independent concern gives to supposedly independent concern gives to supposedly independent concern gives to a dealer who will not under any a dealer who will not under any a dealer who will not under any condition buy of the standard need not condition buy of the standard need not condition buy of the standard need not demoralize the standard trade in the demoralize the standard trade in the demoralize the standard trade in the vicinity if the concession is made with vicinity if the concession is made with vicinity if the concession is made with caution after the trade is secured that caution after the trade is secured that caution after the trade is secured that is after the genuine independent is is after the genuine independent is is after the genuine independent is ousted the masquerading concern always ousted the masquerading concern always ousted the masquerading concern always finds itself obliged to advance prices finds itself obliged to advance prices finds itself obliged to advance prices when the true identity of such a company when the true identity of such a company when the true identity of such a company becomes known its usefulness naturally becomes known its usefulness naturally becomes known its usefulness naturally is impaired and it withdraws from the is impaired and it withdraws from the is impaired and it withdraws from the field and a new one takes its place field and a new one takes its place field and a new one takes its place there is never a dealer in oil too small there is never a dealer in oil too small there is never a dealer in oil too small to have applied the above methods of to have applied the above methods of to have applied the above methods of competition in recent years they have

competition in recent years they have competition in recent years they have frequently been applied even to oil frequently been applied even to oil frequently been applied even to oil peddlers in a good many towns of the peddlers in a good many towns of the peddlers in a good many towns of the country oil is sold from door to door by country oil is sold from door to door by country oil is sold from door to door by men whose whole stock in trade is their men whose whole stock in trade is their men whose whole stock in trade is their peddling wagons many of these oil peddling wagons many of these oil peddling wagons many of these oil peddlers build up a good trade as a rule peddlers build up a good trade as a rule peddlers build up a good trade as a rule they sell standard oil let one take they sell standard oil let one take they sell standard oil let one take independent oil however and the case is independent oil however and the case is independent oil however and the case is at once reported his customers are at once reported his customers are at once reported his customers are located and at once approached by a located and at once approached by a located and at once approached by a standard tank wagon man who frequently standard tank wagon man who frequently standard tank wagon man who frequently it is said not only sells at a lower it is said not only sells at a lower it is said not only sells at a lower price and they have been paying but even price and they have been paying but even price and they have been paying but even goes so far as to clean and fill the goes so far as to clean and fill the goes so far as to clean and fill the lamps in these raids on peddlers of lamps in these raids on peddlers of lamps in these raids on peddlers of independent oil refined oil has been independent oil refined oil has been independent oil refined oil has been sold in different cities at the doors of sold in different cities at the doors of sold in different cities at the doors of consumers at less than crude oil was consumers at less than crude oil was consumers at less than crude oil was bringing at the wells and several cents bringing at the wells and several cents bringing at the wells and several cents per gallon less than it was selling to per gallon less than it was selling to per gallon less than it was selling to wholesale dealers in rapine it is wholesale dealers in rapine it is wholesale dealers in rapine it is claimed by independence that at the claimed by independence that at the claimed by independence that at the present time the bogus companies present time the bogus companies present time the bogus companies generally manage this matter of driving generally manage this matter of driving generally manage this matter of driving out peddlers thus saving the standard out peddlers thus saving the standard out peddlers thus saving the standard the unpopularity of the act and the the unpopularity of the act and the the unpopularity of the act and the dissatisfaction of the rise in price dissatisfaction of the rise in price dissatisfaction of the rise in price which of course follows as soon as the which of course follows as soon as the which of course follows as soon as the trade is secured the general explanation trade is secured the general explanation trade is secured the general explanation of these competitive methods which the of these competitive methods which the of these competitive methods which the standard officials have offered is that standard officials have offered is that standard officials have offered is that they originate they originate they originate with over zealous employees and our with over zealous employees and our with over zealous employees and our disapproved up promptly a brought to the disapproved up promptly a brought to the disapproved up promptly a brought to the attention of the heads of the house the attention of the heads of the house the attention of the heads of the house the cases seemed rather to Universal for cases seemed rather to Universal for cases seemed rather to Universal for such an explanation to be entirely such an explanation to be entirely such an explanation to be entirely satisfactory certainly the system of

satisfactory certainly the system of satisfactory certainly the system of collecting information concerning collecting information concerning collecting information concerning competitive business is not practiced by competitive business is not practiced by competitive business is not practiced by the exceptional overzealous employee but the exceptional overzealous employee but the exceptional overzealous employee but is a recognised Department of the is a recognised Department of the is a recognised Department of the Standard Oil company's business in the Standard Oil company's business in the Standard Oil company's business in the mass of documents from which the reports mass of documents from which the reports mass of documents from which the reports of oil ship has referred to above were of oil ship has referred to above were of oil ship has referred to above were drawn are certain papers showing that drawn are certain papers showing that drawn are certain papers showing that the system is nearly enough Universal to the system is nearly enough Universal to the system is nearly enough Universal to call for elaborate and expensive call for elaborate and expensive call for elaborate and expensive bookkeeping at the headquarters of each bookkeeping at the headquarters of each bookkeeping at the headquarters of each standard marketing division for instance standard marketing division for instance standard marketing division for instance on the next page is a fragment on the next page is a fragment on the next page is a fragment illustrating the page of a book kept at illustrating the page of a book kept at illustrating the page of a book kept at such a headquarters what does this show such a headquarters what does this show such a headquarters what does this show simply that every day the reports we see simply that every day the reports we see simply that every day the reports we see from railroad freight agents are entered from railroad freight agents are entered from railroad freight agents are entered in records kept for the purpose that in records kept for the purpose that in records kept for the purpose that there is on file at the Standard Oil there is on file at the Standard Oil there is on file at the Standard Oil headquarters a detailed list of the headquarters a detailed list of the headquarters a detailed list of the daily shipments which each independent daily shipments which each independent daily shipments which each independent refiner sends out even to the initials refiner sends out even to the initials refiner sends out even to the initials and number on the car in which the and number on the car in which the and number on the car in which the shipping goes from this remarkable shipping goes from this remarkable shipping goes from this remarkable record the same set of documents shows record the same set of documents shows record the same set of documents shows that at least two sets of reports are that at least two sets of reports are that at least two sets of reports are made up one is a report of the annual made up one is a report of the annual made up one is a report of the annual volume of business being done by each volume of business being done by each volume of business being done by each particular independent refiner or particular independent refiner or particular independent refiner or wholesale job the other of the business wholesale job the other of the business wholesale job the other of the business of each individual local dealer so far of each individual local dealer so far of each individual local dealer so far as the detectives of the Standard Oil as the detectives of the Standard Oil as the detectives of the Standard Oil have been able to locate it for instance have been able to locate it for instance have been able to locate it for instance among the documents is the report of a among the documents is the report of a among the documents is the report of a well-known oil jobbing housed in one of well-known oil jobbing housed in one of well-known oil jobbing housed in one of the big cities of the country produced the big cities of the country produced the big cities of the country produced on the next page a comparison of this

on the next page a comparison of this on the next page a comparison of this report with the firm's own accounts report with the firm's own accounts report with the firm's own accounts shows that the standard came within a shows that the standard came within a shows that the standard came within a small percent of an accurate estimate of small percent of an accurate estimate of small percent of an accurate estimate of the X Y Z's business another curious use the X Y Z's business another curious use the X Y Z's business another curious use made of these reports from the freight made of these reports from the freight made of these reports from the freight offices is forming a card catalog of offices is forming a card catalog of offices is forming a card catalog of local dealers oil is usually sold at local dealers oil is usually sold at local dealers oil is usually sold at retail by grocers it is with them that retail by grocers it is with them that retail by grocers it is with them that the local agents deal now the daily the local agents deal now the daily the local agents deal now the daily reports from the freight offices show reports from the freight offices show reports from the freight offices show the oiler EC the cop the oiler EC the cop the oiler EC the cop petition reports from local agents also petition reports from local agents also petition reports from local agents also give more or less information concerning give more or less information concerning give more or less information concerning their business a card is made out for their business a card is made out for their business a card is made out for each one of them tabulating the date on each one of them tabulating the date on each one of them tabulating the date on which he received the oil the name and which he received the oil the name and which he received the oil the name and location of the dealer he got it from location of the dealer he got it from location of the dealer he got it from the quality and the price he sells at in the quality and the price he sells at in the quality and the price he sells at in a space left for remarks on the card a space left for remarks on the card a space left for remarks on the card there is written in red ink any general there is written in red ink any general there is written in red ink any general information about the dealer the agent information about the dealer the agent information about the dealer the agent may have picked up often there is an may have picked up often there is an may have picked up often there is an explanation of why the man does not buy explanation of why the man does not buy explanation of why the man does not buy standard oil not infrequently this standard oil not infrequently this standard oil not infrequently this explanation reads is opposed to explanation reads is opposed to explanation reads is opposed to monopolies it is impossible to say from monopolies it is impossible to say from monopolies it is impossible to say from documentary evidence how long such a documentary evidence how long such a documentary evidence how long such a card catalog has been kept up by the card catalog has been kept up by the card catalog has been kept up by the standard that it has been a practice for standard that it has been a practice for standard that it has been a practice for at least 25 years the following at least 25 years the following at least 25 years the following quotation from a letter written in 1903 quotation from a letter written in 1903 quotation from a letter written in 1903 by a prominent Standard official in the by a prominent Standard official in the by a prominent Standard official in the southwest to one of his agents shows southwest to one of his agents shows southwest to one of his agents shows where competition exists says the where competition exists says the where competition exists says the official it has been our custom to keep official it has been our custom to keep official it has been our custom to keep a record of each merchants daily

a record of each merchants daily a record of each merchants daily purchasable oil and I know of one town purchasable oil and I know of one town purchasable oil and I know of one town at least in a southern Texas division at least in a southern Texas division at least in a southern Texas division where that record has been kept whether where that record has been kept whether where that record has been kept whether there was competition or not from the there was competition or not from the there was competition or not from the past 15 years the inference from this past 15 years the inference from this past 15 years the inference from this system of keeping the eyes open is that system of keeping the eyes open is that system of keeping the eyes open is that the standard oil company knows the standard oil company knows the standard oil company knows practically where every barrel shipped practically where every barrel shipped practically where every barrel shipped by every independent dealer goes and by every independent dealer goes and by every independent dealer goes and where every barrel bought by every where every barrel bought by every where every barrel bought by every corner grocer from Maine to California corner grocer from Maine to California corner grocer from Maine to California comes from the documents from which the comes from the documents from which the comes from the documents from which the writer draws the inference do not to be writer draws the inference do not to be writer draws the inference do not to be sure cover the entire country but they sure cover the entire country but they sure cover the entire country but they do cover in detail many different states do cover in detail many different states do cover in detail many different states and enough is known of the standards and enough is known of the standards and enough is known of the standards competitive methods in states outside competitive methods in states outside competitive methods in states outside this territory to justify one in this territory to justify one in this territory to justify one in believing that the system of gathering believing that the system of gathering believing that the system of gathering information is in use everywhere that it information is in use everywhere that it information is in use everywhere that it is a perfect system is improbable is a perfect system is improbable is a perfect system is improbable bribery is not as dangerous business in bribery is not as dangerous business in bribery is not as dangerous business in this country as it deserves to be of this country as it deserves to be of this country as it deserves to be of course nothing but a bribe would induce course nothing but a bribe would induce course nothing but a bribe would induce a clerk to give up such information as a clerk to give up such information as a clerk to give up such information as these daily reports contain but happily these daily reports contain but happily these daily reports contain but happily such is the force of tradition that even such is the force of tradition that even such is the force of tradition that even those who have practiced it those who have practiced it those who have practiced it for a long time shrink from discovery it for a long time shrink from discovery it for a long time shrink from discovery it is one of those political and business is one of those political and business is one of those political and business practices which are only respectable practices which are only respectable practices which are only respectable when concealed naturally then the above when concealed naturally then the above when concealed naturally then the above system of gathering information must be system of gathering information must be system of gathering information must be handled with care and can never have the handled with care and can never have the handled with care and can never have the same perfection as that mr. Rockefeller same perfection as that mr. Rockefeller same perfection as that mr. Rockefeller expected when he signed a South expected when he signed a South expected when he signed a South improvement company Charter the moral

improvement company Charter the moral improvement company Charter the moral effect of this system on employees is effect of this system on employees is effect of this system on employees is even a more serious feature of the case even a more serious feature of the case even a more serious feature of the case than the injustice it works to than the injustice it works to than the injustice it works to competition for a consideration railroad competition for a consideration railroad competition for a consideration railroad freight clerks give confidential freight clerks give confidential freight clerks give confidential information concerning freight going information concerning freight going information concerning freight going through their hands it would certainly through their hands it would certainly through their hands it would certainly be quite as legitimate for post office be quite as legitimate for post office be quite as legitimate for post office clerks to allow mr. Rockefeller to read clerks to allow mr. Rockefeller to read clerks to allow mr. Rockefeller to read the private letters of his competitors the private letters of his competitors the private letters of his competitors as it is that the clerks of the railroad as it is that the clerks of the railroad as it is that the clerks of the railroad gave him data concerning their shipments gave him data concerning their shipments gave him data concerning their shipments everybody through whose hands such everybody through whose hands such everybody through whose hands such information passes is contaminated by information passes is contaminated by information passes is contaminated by the knowledge to be a factor though even the knowledge to be a factor though even the knowledge to be a factor though even so smaller one in such a transaction so smaller one in such a transaction so smaller one in such a transaction blunts one sense of right in fairness blunts one sense of right in fairness blunts one sense of right in fairness the effect on the local standard agent the effect on the local standard agent the effect on the local standard agent cannot but be demoralizing product cannot but be demoralizing product cannot but be demoralizing product constantly by letters and telegrams from constantly by letters and telegrams from constantly by letters and telegrams from superiors to secure the counterman of superiors to secure the counterman of superiors to secure the counterman of independent oil confronted by statements independent oil confronted by statements independent oil confronted by statements of the amount of sales which have gotten of the amount of sales which have gotten of the amount of sales which have gotten away from him information he knows only away from him information he knows only away from him information he knows only too well to have been secured by too well to have been secured by too well to have been secured by underhand means obliged to explain why underhand means obliged to explain why underhand means obliged to explain why he cannot get this or that trade away he cannot get this or that trade away he cannot get this or that trade away from a rival salesman he sinks into from a rival salesman he sinks into from a rival salesman he sinks into habits of bullying and wheedling habits of bullying and wheedling habits of bullying and wheedling utterly inconsistent with self-respect utterly inconsistent with self-respect utterly inconsistent with self-respect is there nothing you independents can do is there nothing you independents can do is there nothing you independents can do to prevent our people finding out who to prevent our people finding out who to prevent our people finding out who you sell to an independent dealer you sell to an independent dealer you sell to an independent dealer reports a hunted standard agent asking reports a hunted standard agent asking reports a hunted standard agent asking him my life is made miserable by the him my life is made miserable by the him my life is made miserable by the pressure brought on to chase up your pressure brought on to chase up your pressure brought on to chase up your sales I don't like such business it sales I don't like such business it sales I don't like such business it isn't right but what can I do the system

isn't right but what can I do the system isn't right but what can I do the system results every now and then naturally results every now and then naturally results every now and then naturally enough in flagrant cases of bribing enough in flagrant cases of bribing enough in flagrant cases of bribing employees of the independents themselves employees of the independents themselves employees of the independents themselves where the freight office does not yield where the freight office does not yield where the freight office does not yield the information the rivals own office the information the rivals own office the information the rivals own office may and certainly if it is legitimate to may and certainly if it is legitimate to may and certainly if it is legitimate to get it from one place it is from the get it from one place it is from the get it from one place it is from the other it is not an unusual thing for other it is not an unusual thing for other it is not an unusual thing for independent refiners independent refiners independent refiners to discharge a man whom they have reason to discharge a man whom they have reason to discharge a man whom they have reason to believe gives confidential to believe gives confidential to believe gives confidential information to the standard an information to the standard an information to the standard an outrageous case of this which occurred outrageous case of this which occurred outrageous case of this which occurred some 10 years ago is contained in an some 10 years ago is contained in an some 10 years ago is contained in an affidavit which has been recently put at affidavit which has been recently put at affidavit which has been recently put at the writers disposition it seems that in the writers disposition it seems that in the writers disposition it seems that in 1892 1892 1892 the Louis Emery oil company an the Louis Emery oil company an the Louis Emery oil company an independent selling at CERN in independent selling at CERN in independent selling at CERN in Philadelphia employed a man by the name Philadelphia employed a man by the name Philadelphia employed a man by the name of Buckley this man was discharged and of Buckley this man was discharged and of Buckley this man was discharged and in September of that year he went into in September of that year he went into in September of that year he went into the employ of the leading standard the employ of the leading standard the employ of the leading standard refinery of Philadelphia a concern known refinery of Philadelphia a concern known refinery of Philadelphia a concern known as the Atlantic refining company as the Atlantic refining company as the Atlantic refining company according to the affidavit made by this according to the affidavit made by this according to the affidavit made by this man Buckley the managers of the standard man Buckley the managers of the standard man Buckley the managers of the standard concern sometime in February 1893 concern sometime in February 1893 concern sometime in February 1893 engaged him in conversation about engaged him in conversation about engaged him in conversation about affairs of his late employer they said affairs of his late employer they said affairs of his late employer they said that if they could only find out the that if they could only find out the that if they could only find out the names of the persons to whom their names of the persons to whom their names of the persons to whom their rivals sold and for what prices they rivals sold and for what prices they rivals sold and for what prices they could soon run him out of business and could soon run him out of business and could soon run him out of business and they asked Buckley if he could get the they asked Buckley if he could get the they asked Buckley if he could get the information for them after some information for them after some information for them after some discussion one of the standard managers discussion one of the standard managers discussion one of the standard managers said what's the matter with the said what's the matter with the said what's the matter with the alluding to a colored boy in the

alluding to a colored boy in the alluding to a colored boy in the employment of the Louis Emery concern employment of the Louis Emery concern employment of the Louis Emery concern Buckley told them that he would try him Buckley told them that he would try him Buckley told them that he would try him you can tell the said one of the you can tell the said one of the you can tell the said one of the men that he needn't be afraid because if men that he needn't be afraid because if men that he needn't be afraid because if he loses his position there's a position he loses his position there's a position he loses his position there's a position here for him here for him here for him Buckley saw the Negro and made a Buckley saw the Negro and made a Buckley saw the Negro and made a proposition to him the boy agreed to proposition to him the boy agreed to proposition to him the boy agreed to furnish the information for a price furnish the information for a price furnish the information for a price starting from February 1893 says mr. starting from February 1893 says mr. starting from February 1893 says mr. Buckley and lasting up to about August Buckley and lasting up to about August Buckley and lasting up to about August of the same year of the same year of the same year this boy furnished me periodically with this boy furnished me periodically with this boy furnished me periodically with the daily shipments of the Louis Emery the daily shipments of the Louis Emery the daily shipments of the Louis Emery concern which I took and handed concern which I took and handed concern which I took and handed personally sometimes to one and personally sometimes to one and personally sometimes to one and sometimes to the other manager they took sometimes to the other manager they took sometimes to the other manager they took copies of them and usually returned the copies of them and usually returned the copies of them and usually returned the originals the Negro also brought what is originals the Negro also brought what is originals the Negro also brought what is known as the price book to Buckley and a known as the price book to Buckley and a known as the price book to Buckley and a complete copy of this was made by the complete copy of this was made by the complete copy of this was made by the standard managers in short says mr. standard managers in short says mr. standard managers in short says mr. Buckley in his affidavit I obtained from Buckley in his affidavit I obtained from Buckley in his affidavit I obtained from the Negro all the inside facts the Negro all the inside facts the Negro all the inside facts concerning the Louis Emery oil company's concerning the Louis Emery oil company's concerning the Louis Emery oil company's business and I business and I business and I furnished them all to the standard furnished them all to the standard furnished them all to the standard managers in return for this information managers in return for this information managers in return for this information the Negro lad was paid various sums the Negro lad was paid various sums the Negro lad was paid various sums amounting in all to about $90 Buckley amounting in all to about $90 Buckley amounting in all to about $90 Buckley says that they were charged upon the says that they were charged upon the says that they were charged upon the standard booked to special expenses the standard booked to special expenses the standard booked to special expenses the transaction was ended by the discharge transaction was ended by the discharge transaction was ended by the discharge of the colored boy by the Louis Emery of the colored boy by the Louis Emery of the colored boy by the Louis Emery concern the denouement of this case is concern the denouement of this case is concern the denouement of this case is tragic enough the concern was finally tragic enough the concern was finally tragic enough the concern was finally driven out of business by these and

driven out of business by these and driven out of business by these and similar tactics so mr. Emery and his similar tactics so mr. Emery and his similar tactics so mr. Emery and his partner both affirmed the Negro was partner both affirmed the Negro was partner both affirmed the Negro was never taken into the Atlantic refinery never taken into the Atlantic refinery never taken into the Atlantic refinery and Buckley soon after lost his position and Buckley soon after lost his position and Buckley soon after lost his position as he of course richly deserved to the as he of course richly deserved to the as he of course richly deserved to the man who shows himself traitorous lying man who shows himself traitorous lying man who shows himself traitorous lying thieving even for the good of the oil thieving even for the good of the oil thieving even for the good of the oil business is never kept long in the business is never kept long in the business is never kept long in the employment of the Standard Oil Company employment of the Standard Oil Company employment of the Standard Oil Company it is notorious in the oil regions that it is notorious in the oil regions that it is notorious in the oil regions that the people who sell to the standard are the people who sell to the standard are the people who sell to the standard are never given responsible positions they never given responsible positions they never given responsible positions they may be shifted around to do dirty work may be shifted around to do dirty work may be shifted around to do dirty work as the oil regions phrase goes but they as the oil regions phrase goes but they as the oil regions phrase goes but they are pariahs in the concern mr. are pariahs in the concern mr. are pariahs in the concern mr. Rockefeller knows as well as any man Rockefeller knows as well as any man Rockefeller knows as well as any man never did the vital necessity of honesty never did the vital necessity of honesty never did the vital necessity of honesty in an organization and the Buckley's and in an organization and the Buckley's and in an organization and the Buckley's and Negroes who bring him secret Negroes who bring him secret Negroes who bring him secret intelligence never get anything but intelligence never get anything but intelligence never get anything but money and contempt for their paints for money and contempt for their paints for money and contempt for their paints for the general public absorbed chiefly in the general public absorbed chiefly in the general public absorbed chiefly in the question how does this affect what the question how does this affect what the question how does this affect what we are paying for oil the chief point of we are paying for oil the chief point of we are paying for oil the chief point of interest in the marketing contest is interest in the marketing contest is interest in the marketing contest is that after they were over the price of that after they were over the price of that after they were over the price of oil has always gone back with a jerk to oil has always gone back with a jerk to oil has always gone back with a jerk to the point where it was when the cutting the point where it was when the cutting the point where it was when the cutting began and not infrequently it has gone began and not infrequently it has gone began and not infrequently it has gone higher the public pays several of the higher the public pays several of the higher the public pays several of the letters already quoted in his chapter letters already quoted in his chapter letters already quoted in his chapter showed the immediate recoil of the showed the immediate recoil of the showed the immediate recoil of the market to higher prices with the removal market to higher prices with the removal market to higher prices with the removal of competition a table was prepared in of competition a table was prepared in of competition a table was prepared in 1892 to show the effect of competition 1892 to show the effect of competition 1892 to show the effect of competition on the price of oil in various states of

on the price of oil in various states of on the price of oil in various states of the union the results were startling in the union the results were startling in the union the results were startling in California oil which sold at California oil which sold at California oil which sold at non-competitive points at 26 and a half non-competitive points at 26 and a half non-competitive points at 26 and a half cents a gallon at competitive points cents a gallon at competitive points cents a gallon at competitive points brought seventeen and a half cents brought seventeen and a half cents brought seventeen and a half cents in Denver Colorado there was an oil war in Denver Colorado there was an oil war in Denver Colorado there was an oil war on in the spring of 1892 and the same on in the spring of 1892 and the same on in the spring of 1892 and the same oil which was selling at Montrose and oil which was selling at Montrose and oil which was selling at Montrose and Garrison at 25 cents a gallon in Denver Garrison at 25 cents a gallon in Denver Garrison at 25 cents a gallon in Denver sold at 7 cents this competition finally sold at 7 cents this competition finally sold at 7 cents this competition finally killed opposition and Denver thereafter killed opposition and Denver thereafter killed opposition and Denver thereafter paid 25 cents the profits on this price paid 25 cents the profits on this price paid 25 cents the profits on this price were certainly great enough to call for were certainly great enough to call for were certainly great enough to call for competition the same oil which was sold competition the same oil which was sold competition the same oil which was sold in Colorado in spring of 1892 at 25 in Colorado in spring of 1892 at 25 in Colorado in spring of 1892 at 25 cents cents cents sold in New York for exportation at 6 sold in New York for exportation at 6 sold in New York for exportation at 6 point 1 0 cents point 1 0 cents point 1 0 cents of course the freight rates to Colorado of course the freight rates to Colorado of course the freight rates to Colorado were high the open rate was said to be 9 were high the open rate was said to be 9 were high the open rate was said to be 9 cents a gallon but that it cost the cents a gallon but that it cost the cents a gallon but that it cost the Standard Oil Company nine cents a gallon Standard Oil Company nine cents a gallon Standard Oil Company nine cents a gallon to get its oil there one would have to to get its oil there one would have to to get its oil there one would have to have documentary proof to believe and have documentary proof to believe and have documentary proof to believe and even if it did there was still some 10 even if it did there was still some 10 even if it did there was still some 10 cents profit on a gallon 5 dollars on a cents profit on a gallon 5 dollars on a cents profit on a gallon 5 dollars on a barrel in Kansas at this time the barrel in Kansas at this time the barrel in Kansas at this time the difference between the price at difference between the price at difference between the price at competitive and non-competitive points competitive and non-competitive points competitive and non-competitive points was 7 cents in Indiana 6 cents in South was 7 cents in Indiana 6 cents in South was 7 cents in Indiana 6 cents in South Carolina 4 and 1/2 cents in 1897 Carolina 4 and 1/2 cents in 1897 Carolina 4 and 1/2 cents in 1897 Schofield Shermer in Tegel of Cleveland Schofield Shermer in Tegel of Cleveland Schofield Shermer in Tegel of Cleveland prepared a circular showing the prepared a circular showing the prepared a circular showing the difference between crisis at competitive

difference between crisis at competitive difference between crisis at competitive and non-competitive points in Ohio and and non-competitive points in Ohio and and non-competitive points in Ohio and sent it out to the trade according to sent it out to the trade according to sent it out to the trade according to this circular the public paid from 25 to this circular the public paid from 25 to this circular the public paid from 25 to 33 and 1/3 percent more where there was 33 and 1/3 percent more where there was 33 and 1/3 percent more where there was no competition the fact that oil is no competition the fact that oil is no competition the fact that oil is cheaper where there is competition and cheaper where there is competition and cheaper where there is competition and also that the public has to paid the also that the public has to paid the also that the public has to paid the cost of the expensive oil wars which cost of the expensive oil wars which cost of the expensive oil wars which have been carried on so constantly for have been carried on so constantly for have been carried on so constantly for the last 25 years all over the country the last 25 years all over the country the last 25 years all over the country is coming to be recognized especially in is coming to be recognized especially in is coming to be recognized especially in the Middle West of this country by both the Middle West of this country by both the Middle West of this country by both dealers and communities there is no dealers and communities there is no dealers and communities there is no question that the attempts of standard question that the attempts of standard question that the attempts of standard agents to persuade or bully dealers into agents to persuade or bully dealers into agents to persuade or bully dealers into countermanding orders or giving up an countermanding orders or giving up an countermanding orders or giving up an independent with whose oil they are independent with whose oil they are independent with whose oil they are satisfied meet with much less general satisfied meet with much less general satisfied meet with much less general success than they once did it even success than they once did it even success than they once did it even happens now and then that communities happens now and then that communities happens now and then that communities who have had experience with oil wars who have had experience with oil wars who have had experience with oil wars will stand by an independent dealer for will stand by an independent dealer for will stand by an independent dealer for months at a time months at a time months at a time even the temptation to have their lamps even the temptation to have their lamps even the temptation to have their lamps clean and filled that next to nothing clean and filled that next to nothing clean and filled that next to nothing Murray flea put then the conclusion from Murray flea put then the conclusion from Murray flea put then the conclusion from a careful examination of the testimony a careful examination of the testimony a careful examination of the testimony on standard competitive methods is this on standard competitive methods is this on standard competitive methods is this the marketing department of the Standard the marketing department of the Standard the marketing department of the Standard Oil Company is organized to cover the Oil Company is organized to cover the Oil Company is organized to cover the entire country and aims to sell all the entire country and aims to sell all the entire country and aims to sell all the oil sold in each of its divisions to oil sold in each of its divisions to oil sold in each of its divisions to forestall or meet competition it is forestall or meet competition it is forestall or meet competition it is organized an elaborate secret service organized an elaborate secret service organized an elaborate secret service for locating the quantity quality and for locating the quantity quality and for locating the quantity quality and selling price of independent shipments

selling price of independent shipments selling price of independent shipments having located in order for independent having located in order for independent having located in order for independent oil with a dealer it persuades him if oil with a dealer it persuades him if oil with a dealer it persuades him if possible to counterman the order if this possible to counterman the order if this possible to counterman the order if this is impossible is impossible is impossible it threatens predatory competition that it threatens predatory competition that it threatens predatory competition that is to sell it cost or less until the is to sell it cost or less until the is to sell it cost or less until the rival is worn out if the dealer still is rival is worn out if the dealer still is rival is worn out if the dealer still is obstinate it Institute's obstinate it Institute's obstinate it Institute's an oil war in late years the cutting and an oil war in late years the cutting and an oil war in late years the cutting and the oil wars are often entrusted to the oil wars are often entrusted to the oil wars are often entrusted to so-called bogus companies who retire so-called bogus companies who retire so-called bogus companies who retire when the real independent is put out of when the real independent is put out of when the real independent is put out of the way in later years the standard has the way in later years the standard has the way in later years the standard has been more cautious about beginning under been more cautious about beginning under been more cautious about beginning under selling than formerly know if a rival selling than formerly know if a rival selling than formerly know if a rival offered oil at a less price than it had offered oil at a less price than it had offered oil at a less price than it had been getting and generally even small been getting and generally even small been getting and generally even small refineries can contrive to sell below refineries can contrive to sell below refineries can contrive to sell below the none competitive prices of the the none competitive prices of the the none competitive prices of the standard it does not hesitate to standard it does not hesitate to standard it does not hesitate to consider the lower price a declaration consider the lower price a declaration consider the lower price a declaration of war and to drop its prices and keep of war and to drop its prices and keep of war and to drop its prices and keep them down until the rival is out of the them down until the rival is out of the them down until the rival is out of the way the price then goes back to the way the price then goes back to the way the price then goes back to the former figure or higher John D former figure or higher John D former figure or higher John D Archibald's testimony before the Archibald's testimony before the Archibald's testimony before the Industrial Commission in 1898 Industrial Commission in 1898 Industrial Commission in 1898 practically confirms the above practically confirms the above practically confirms the above conclusion mr. Archibald said that the conclusion mr. Archibald said that the conclusion mr. Archibald said that the standard was in the habit of fighting standard was in the habit of fighting standard was in the habit of fighting vigorously to hold an advances trade vigorously to hold an advances trade vigorously to hold an advances trade even to the extent of holding prices even to the extent of holding prices even to the extent of holding prices down to cost until the rival gives way down to cost until the rival gives way down to cost until the rival gives way though he declared it to be his opinion though he declared it to be his opinion though he declared it to be his opinion that the history of the company's that the history of the company's that the history of the company's transactions would show that the transactions would show that the transactions would show that the competitor forces the fight mr.

competitor forces the fight mr. competitor forces the fight mr. Archibald told the Commission that he Archibald told the Commission that he Archibald told the Commission that he personally believed it was not advisable personally believed it was not advisable personally believed it was not advisable to sell below cost for the sake of to sell below cost for the sake of to sell below cost for the sake of freezing out a smaller rival freezing out a smaller rival freezing out a smaller rival in greatly aggravated cases though he in greatly aggravated cases though he in greatly aggravated cases though he admitted the standard sometimes did it admitted the standard sometimes did it admitted the standard sometimes did it the trouble is that accepting mr. the trouble is that accepting mr. the trouble is that accepting mr. Rockefellers foundation principle that Rockefellers foundation principle that Rockefellers foundation principle that the oil business belongs to him any the oil business belongs to him any the oil business belongs to him any competition is an aggravated case all competition is an aggravated case all competition is an aggravated case all that is reassuring in this situation has that is reassuring in this situation has that is reassuring in this situation has come from the obstinate stand of come from the obstinate stand of come from the obstinate stand of individuals the refiners who insisted on individuals the refiners who insisted on individuals the refiners who insisted on doing an independent business on the doing an independent business on the doing an independent business on the theory that this is a free country the theory that this is a free country the theory that this is a free country the grocer's presented the prying and grocer's presented the prying and grocer's presented the prying and bullying of standard agents and asserted bullying of standard agents and asserted bullying of standard agents and asserted their right to buy of whom they would their right to buy of whom they would their right to buy of whom they would the rare very rare community that graphs the rare very rare community that graphs the rare very rare community that graphs the fact that oil sold below cost the fact that oil sold below cost the fact that oil sold below cost temporarily meant later paying for the temporarily meant later paying for the temporarily meant later paying for the fight these features of the business fight these features of the business fight these features of the business belonged to the last decade and a half belonged to the last decade and a half belonged to the last decade and a half at the period we have reached in this at the period we have reached in this at the period we have reached in this history that is the completion of the history that is the completion of the history that is the completion of the monopoly of the pipelines in 1884 and monopoly of the pipelines in 1884 and monopoly of the pipelines in 1884 and the end of competition in transporting the end of competition in transporting the end of competition in transporting oil there seemed to the independence no oil there seemed to the independence no oil there seemed to the independence no escape from mr. Rockefeller in the escape from mr. Rockefeller in the escape from mr. Rockefeller in the market the sureness and promptness with market the sureness and promptness with market the sureness and promptness with which he located their shipments seemed which he located their shipments seemed which he located their shipments seemed uncanny to them the ruthlessness and uncanny to them the ruthlessness and uncanny to them the ruthlessness and persistency with which he cut and persistency with which he cut and persistency with which he cut and continued to cut their prices drove them continued to cut their prices drove them continued to cut their prices drove them to despair the character of the to despair the character of the to despair the character of the competition mr. Rockefeller carried on

competition mr. Rockefeller carried on competition mr. Rockefeller carried on in the markets particularly of the South in the markets particularly of the South in the markets particularly of the South and Middle West of this country at this and Middle West of this country at this and Middle West of this country at this time time time aggravated daily the feeble refining aggravated daily the feeble refining aggravated daily the feeble refining element and bred contempt far and wide element and bred contempt far and wide element and bred contempt far and wide among people who saw the cutting and among people who saw the cutting and among people who saw the cutting and perhaps profited temporarily by it but perhaps profited temporarily by it but perhaps profited temporarily by it but who had neither the power nor the who had neither the power nor the who had neither the power nor the courage to interfere the knowledge of it courage to interfere the knowledge of it courage to interfere the knowledge of it fed greatly the bitterness in the oil fed greatly the bitterness in the oil fed greatly the bitterness in the oil regions part of the stock and regions part of the stock and regions part of the stock and conversation of every dissatisfied oil conversation of every dissatisfied oil conversation of every dissatisfied oil producer or ruined refiner became tales producer or ruined refiner became tales producer or ruined refiner became tales of disastrous conflicts in markets they of disastrous conflicts in markets they of disastrous conflicts in markets they told of crippled men selling independent told of crippled men selling independent told of crippled men selling independent oil from a handcart whose trade had been oil from a handcart whose trade had been oil from a handcart whose trade had been wiped out by a standard cart which wiped out by a standard cart which wiped out by a standard cart which followed him day after day practically followed him day after day practically followed him day after day practically giving away aisle they told them grocers giving away aisle they told them grocers giving away aisle they told them grocers driven out of business by an attempt to driven out of business by an attempt to driven out of business by an attempt to stand by a refiner they told endless stand by a refiner they told endless stand by a refiner they told endless tales tales tales probably all exaggerated perhaps some of probably all exaggerated perhaps some of probably all exaggerated perhaps some of them false yet all of them believed them false yet all of them believed them false yet all of them believed because of such taxes have been because of such taxes have been because of such taxes have been rehearsed above there came to be a rehearsed above there came to be a rehearsed above there came to be a popular conviction that the standard popular conviction that the standard popular conviction that the standard would do anything it was a condition would do anything it was a condition would do anything it was a condition which promised endless annoyance to mr.

which promised endless annoyance to mr. which promised endless annoyance to mr. Rockefeller and his colleagues it meant Rockefeller and his colleagues it meant Rockefeller and his colleagues it meant popular mistrust Hetty hostilities popular mistrust Hetty hostilities popular mistrust Hetty hostilities misinterpretations contempt abuse there misinterpretations contempt abuse there misinterpretations contempt abuse there were plenty of people even willing to were plenty of people even willing to were plenty of people even willing to deny mr. Rockefellers ability that the deny mr. Rockefellers ability that the deny mr. Rockefellers ability that the standard was an adventure was enough in standard was an adventure was enough in standard was an adventure was enough in those people's minds to damn it anything those people's minds to damn it anything those people's minds to damn it anything the standard won it was wrong anything the standard won it was wrong anything the standard won it was wrong anything they contested was right a verdict for they contested was right a verdict for they contested was right a verdict for them demonstrated the corruption of the them demonstrated the corruption of the them demonstrated the corruption of the judge and jury against them their judge and jury against them their judge and jury against them their righteousness mr. Rockefeller indeed was righteousness mr. Rockefeller indeed was righteousness mr. Rockefeller indeed was each year having more reason to realize each year having more reason to realize each year having more reason to realize monopoly building had its trials as well monopoly building had its trials as well monopoly building had its trials as well as its profits end of chapter 10 as its profits end of chapter 10 as its profits end of chapter 10 recording by Tom Weiss Tom's audiobooks recording by Tom Weiss Tom's audiobooks recording by Tom Weiss Tom's audiobooks dot-com