Biography Of Nikola Tesla Pt 2

felt that most of my life had been felt that most of my life had been squandered it wasn't long before Tesla squandered it wasn't long before Tesla squandered it wasn't long before Tesla realized that his academic training and realized that his academic training and realized that his academic training and mathematical skills had given him a mathematical skills had given him a mathematical skills had given him a great engineering advantage over great engineering advantage over great engineering advantage over Edison's plodding strategy of trial and Edison's plodding strategy of trial and Edison's plodding strategy of trial and error in a bitter moment of reminiscence error in a bitter moment of reminiscence error in a bitter moment of reminiscence at the time of Edison's death in 1931 at the time of Edison's death in 1931 at the time of Edison's death in 1931 Tesla said if he had a needle to find in Tesla said if he had a needle to find in Tesla said if he had a needle to find in a hastac he would not stop to reason a hastac he would not stop to reason a hastac he would not stop to reason where it was most likely to be but where it was most likely to be but where it was most likely to be but proceed at once with the feverish proceed at once with the feverish proceed at once with the feverish diligence of a bee to examine straw diligence of a bee to examine straw diligence of a bee to examine straw after straw until he found the object of after straw until he found the object of after straw until he found the object of his search I was almost a sorry witness his search I was almost a sorry witness his search I was almost a sorry witness of his doings knowing that just a little of his doings knowing that just a little of his doings knowing that just a little Theory and calculation would have saved Theory and calculation would have saved Theory and calculation would have saved him 90% of the labor trusting himself him 90% of the labor trusting himself him 90% of the labor trusting himself entirely to his inventor's Instinct and entirely to his inventor's Instinct and entirely to his inventor's Instinct and practical American sense the truly practical American sense the truly practical American sense the truly prodigious amount of his actual prodigious amount of his actual prodigious amount of his actual accomplishments is little short of a accomplishments is little short of a accomplishments is little short of a miracle it was little one that Tesla was miracle it was little one that Tesla was miracle it was little one that Tesla was completely unsuccessful in describing completely unsuccessful in describing completely unsuccessful in describing his new AC invention to Edison and had his new AC invention to Edison and had his new AC invention to Edison and had to settle for bachelor's suggestion that to settle for bachelor's suggestion that to settle for bachelor's suggestion that he redesigned the prevailing DC he redesigned the prevailing DC he redesigned the prevailing DC Machinery instead according to Tesla the Machinery instead according to Tesla the Machinery instead according to Tesla the manager had promised me $50,000 on manager had promised me $50,000 on manager had promised me $50,000 on completion of this task and so Tesla set completion of this task and so Tesla set completion of this task and so Tesla set himself to work experimenting day and himself to work experimenting day and himself to work experimenting day and night holiday is not accepted as was the night holiday is not accepted as was the night holiday is not accepted as was the custom of the factory Thomas ala Edison custom of the factory Thomas ala Edison custom of the factory Thomas ala Edison was an extremely complex fellow orary was an extremely complex fellow orary was an extremely complex fellow orary ingenious determined and unyielding he

ingenious determined and unyielding he ingenious determined and unyielding he was a fierce competitor and the single was a fierce competitor and the single was a fierce competitor and the single most important inventive force on the most important inventive force on the most important inventive force on the planet he had descended from a planet he had descended from a planet he had descended from a grandfather John Edison a Tory who had grandfather John Edison a Tory who had grandfather John Edison a Tory who had been tried for treason during the been tried for treason during the been tried for treason during the American Revolution and banished to American Revolution and banished to American Revolution and banished to Canada and a father Samuel Edison who Canada and a father Samuel Edison who Canada and a father Samuel Edison who had tied his son to a whipping post and had tied his son to a whipping post and had tied his son to a whipping post and beaten him publicly after young Al as he beaten him publicly after young Al as he beaten him publicly after young Al as he was called then had started a fire in a was called then had started a fire in a was called then had started a fire in a barn which threatened the rest of the barn which threatened the rest of the barn which threatened the rest of the buildings in the community he had buildings in the community he had buildings in the community he had scrapped with and outwitted others on scrapped with and outwitted others on scrapped with and outwitted others on his way to Wall Street and had out his way to Wall Street and had out his way to Wall Street and had out distanced competing inventors numerous distanced competing inventors numerous distanced competing inventors numerous times notches on Edison's belt of better times notches on Edison's belt of better times notches on Edison's belt of better mouse traps included the telephone mouse traps included the telephone mouse traps included the telephone transmitter microphone an electrical pen transmitter microphone an electrical pen transmitter microphone an electrical pen a musical telephone and the duplex an a musical telephone and the duplex an a musical telephone and the duplex an ingenious device which enabled a ingenious device which enabled a ingenious device which enabled a telegraph to send four messages in two telegraph to send four messages in two telegraph to send four messages in two directions directions directions simultaneously ederson was known to simultaneously ederson was known to simultaneously ederson was known to curse and swamp jokes with his men at curse and swamp jokes with his men at curse and swamp jokes with his men at his research and development center the his research and development center the his research and development center the world's first invention Factory he kept world's first invention Factory he kept world's first invention Factory he kept his business free of cockroaches with a his business free of cockroaches with a his business free of cockroaches with a protective electric grid lining the protective electric grid lining the protective electric grid lining the edges of the floor and electrified edges of the floor and electrified edges of the floor and electrified larger varts with his rat paralyzer he larger varts with his rat paralyzer he larger varts with his rat paralyzer he even occasionally wired the wash basin even occasionally wired the wash basin even occasionally wired the wash basin to keep his men on their toes Edison was to keep his men on their toes Edison was to keep his men on their toes Edison was a trickster a Storyteller and a con a trickster a Storyteller and a con a trickster a Storyteller and a con artist the use to the consumer and the artist the use to the consumer and the artist the use to the consumer and the cost of production or the market test cost of production or the market test cost of production or the market test was the sole test of achiev achievement was the sole test of achiev achievement was the sole test of achiev achievement everything he did was directed by that everything he did was directed by that everything he did was directed by that realization in an entirely different

realization in an entirely different realization in an entirely different Realm Of Invention besides being a Realm Of Invention besides being a Realm Of Invention besides being a better technician than anyone else better technician than anyone else better technician than anyone else Edison was a Creator his most original Edison was a Creator his most original Edison was a Creator his most original work was a machine that talked the work was a machine that talked the work was a machine that talked the phonograph with this device Edison had phonograph with this device Edison had phonograph with this device Edison had entered the realm of the immortal he was entered the realm of the immortal he was entered the realm of the immortal he was The Wizard of Meno Park inviting the The Wizard of Meno Park inviting the The Wizard of Meno Park inviting the public to his laboratory on a number of public to his laboratory on a number of public to his laboratory on a number of occasions Edison amazed people at all occasions Edison amazed people at all occasions Edison amazed people at all levels of society levels of society levels of society with machines that sang and reproduced with machines that sang and reproduced with machines that sang and reproduced the sound of birds artificial lamps that the sound of birds artificial lamps that the sound of birds artificial lamps that changed the darkness into a light cherry changed the darkness into a light cherry changed the darkness into a light cherry red and various other mechanical red and various other mechanical red and various other mechanical contrivances to make one's workload contrivances to make one's workload contrivances to make one's workload easier the invention of the electric easier the invention of the electric easier the invention of the electric light was to Edison not only a new light was to Edison not only a new light was to Edison not only a new clever technology it contained the seeds clever technology it contained the seeds clever technology it contained the seeds of a new industry his mere presence in of a new industry his mere presence in of a new industry his mere presence in the field drove the stocks of the gas the field drove the stocks of the gas the field drove the stocks of the gas burning companies into the grave yet burning companies into the grave yet burning companies into the grave yet Edison planned to utilize their pip Edison planned to utilize their pip Edison planned to utilize their pip by channeling copper wire through them by channeling copper wire through them by channeling copper wire through them instead of dangerous gas and to replace instead of dangerous gas and to replace instead of dangerous gas and to replace Flame by Flame by Flame by electricity he moved the center of his electricity he moved the center of his electricity he moved the center of his operation from New Jersey to New York operation from New Jersey to New York operation from New Jersey to New York City there Edison rented a townhouse for City there Edison rented a townhouse for City there Edison rented a townhouse for his wife and family in celebrated gramy his wife and family in celebrated gramy his wife and family in celebrated gramy Park the Abode of such luminaries as Park the Abode of such luminaries as Park the Abode of such luminaries as authors Mark Twain and Steven crane authors Mark Twain and Steven crane authors Mark Twain and Steven crane sculptor Augustus San Gordons architect sculptor Augustus San Gordons architect sculptor Augustus San Gordons architect Stanford white Sentry editor Richard Stanford white Sentry editor Richard Stanford white Sentry editor Richard Watson Gilder and publisher James Harper Watson Gilder and publisher James Harper Watson Gilder and publisher James Harper Edison later described his plans for Edison later described his plans for Edison later described his plans for orchestrating a revolution in home orchestrating a revolution in home orchestrating a revolution in home illumination I had the Central Station

illumination I had the Central Station illumination I had the Central Station in mind all the time I got an insurance in mind all the time I got an insurance in mind all the time I got an insurance map of New York City laid out a district map of New York City laid out a district map of New York City laid out a district bounded by Wall Street Canal Broadway in bounded by Wall Street Canal Broadway in bounded by Wall Street Canal Broadway in the East River and purchased two old bum the East River and purchased two old bum the East River and purchased two old bum buildings down in Pearl Street they buildings down in Pearl Street they buildings down in Pearl Street they charged us $75,000 a piece I tell you it charged us $75,000 a piece I tell you it charged us $75,000 a piece I tell you it made my hair stand on end Edison's made my hair stand on end Edison's made my hair stand on end Edison's financial problems were numerous financial problems were numerous financial problems were numerous not only were there expensive startup not only were there expensive startup not only were there expensive startup costs there were also problems with the costs there were also problems with the costs there were also problems with the extreme inefficiency of the DC system extreme inefficiency of the DC system extreme inefficiency of the DC system and C battles on invention priorities and C battles on invention priorities and C battles on invention priorities and marketing battles against such and marketing battles against such and marketing battles against such competitors as brush electric competitors as brush electric competitors as brush electric Consolidated electric Sawyer man Swan Consolidated electric Sawyer man Swan Consolidated electric Sawyer man Swan incandescent Thomas Houston United incandescent Thomas Houston United incandescent Thomas Houston United States Electric and the Westinghouse States Electric and the Westinghouse States Electric and the Westinghouse Corporation tell Westinghouse to stick Corporation tell Westinghouse to stick Corporation tell Westinghouse to stick to air brakes he knows all about them to air brakes he knows all about them to air brakes he knows all about them Edison complained but Westinghouse would Edison complained but Westinghouse would Edison complained but Westinghouse would listen Edison's other major competitor listen Edison's other major competitor listen Edison's other major competitor was elu Thompson with Edison embroiled was elu Thompson with Edison embroiled was elu Thompson with Edison embroiled in a legal contest with Sawyer Thompson in a legal contest with Sawyer Thompson in a legal contest with Sawyer Thompson used the ambiguity of the moment to used the ambiguity of the moment to used the ambiguity of the moment to appropriate the incandescent lamp Edison appropriate the incandescent lamp Edison appropriate the incandescent lamp Edison had given him and make it the template had given him and make it the template had given him and make it the template for ones produced and sold by the for ones produced and sold by the for ones produced and sold by the Thompson Houston Electric Company on Thompson Houston Electric Company on Thompson Houston Electric Company on October the 8th 1883 the patent office October the 8th 1883 the patent office October the 8th 1883 the patent office ruled that William Sawyer had a priority ruled that William Sawyer had a priority ruled that William Sawyer had a priority over Edison for an incandescent lamp over Edison for an incandescent lamp over Edison for an incandescent lamp with carbon burner with carbon burner with carbon burner this decision though later overturned in this decision though later overturned in this decision though later overturned in Edison's favor enabled Thompson to Edison's favor enabled Thompson to Edison's favor enabled Thompson to continue his piracy due to soya's continue his piracy due to soya's continue his piracy due to soya's Priority Thompson now saw himself as

Priority Thompson now saw himself as Priority Thompson now saw himself as ethically in the clear as no clearcut ethically in the clear as no clearcut ethically in the clear as no clearcut inventor had supposedly been inventor had supposedly been inventor had supposedly been established Edison thus came to established Edison thus came to established Edison thus came to vigorously dislike Thompson a man who vigorously dislike Thompson a man who vigorously dislike Thompson a man who had betrayed his trust and Westinghouse had betrayed his trust and Westinghouse had betrayed his trust and Westinghouse who was now siding with Sawyer for who was now siding with Sawyer for who was now siding with Sawyer for safety aesthetic and practical reasons safety aesthetic and practical reasons safety aesthetic and practical reasons Edison was a proponent of underground Edison was a proponent of underground Edison was a proponent of underground cables and DC nobody hoisted warer and cables and DC nobody hoisted warer and cables and DC nobody hoisted warer and gas Mains into the air on stilts he said gas Mains into the air on stilts he said gas Mains into the air on stilts he said he publicized the fact that electricians he publicized the fact that electricians he publicized the fact that electricians were dying on the dangerous overhead were dying on the dangerous overhead were dying on the dangerous overhead wires of his competitors but this battle wires of his competitors but this battle wires of his competitors but this battle eventually became transformed into DC eventually became transformed into DC eventually became transformed into DC versus AC Edison stayed with DC while versus AC Edison stayed with DC while versus AC Edison stayed with DC while Thompson and Westinghouse began to Thompson and Westinghouse began to Thompson and Westinghouse began to experiment with AC as AC utilized much experiment with AC as AC utilized much experiment with AC as AC utilized much higher voltages Edison warned the public higher voltages Edison warned the public higher voltages Edison warned the public against it a long legal battle with against it a long legal battle with against it a long legal battle with questing house ensued and ran into the questing house ensued and ran into the questing house ensued and ran into the millions of dollars Thompson again millions of dollars Thompson again millions of dollars Thompson again managed quietly to avoid the courts managed quietly to avoid the courts managed quietly to avoid the courts while he expanded his business Francis while he expanded his business Francis while he expanded his business Francis Upton Edison's mathematician graduate of Upton Edison's mathematician graduate of Upton Edison's mathematician graduate of Helm holz's laboratory and contemporary Helm holz's laboratory and contemporary Helm holz's laboratory and contemporary of Tesla's in terms of European of Tesla's in terms of European of Tesla's in terms of European education had calculated in 1879 that to education had calculated in 1879 that to education had calculated in 1879 that to light light light 8,640 lamps for only nine city blocks 8,640 lamps for only nine city blocks 8,640 lamps for only nine city blocks the cost would be the cost would be the cost would be $2,812 for the 83 250 lb of copper $2,812 for the 83 250 lb of copper $2,812 for the 83 250 lb of copper required through clever wiring required through clever wiring required through clever wiring improvements in lamp design and an improvements in lamp design and an improvements in lamp design and an invention coroller to the parallel invention coroller to the parallel invention coroller to the parallel circuitry Edison had cut copper costs

circuitry Edison had cut copper costs circuitry Edison had cut copper costs almost 90% but no matter what he did a almost 90% but no matter what he did a almost 90% but no matter what he did a power station could never reach Beyond a power station could never reach Beyond a power station could never reach Beyond a radius of one or 2 radius of one or 2 radius of one or 2 miles abon whom Edison affectionately miles abon whom Edison affectionately miles abon whom Edison affectionately referred to as culture suggested that referred to as culture suggested that referred to as culture suggested that they look into the new advances in AC they look into the new advances in AC they look into the new advances in AC and so he was sent in 1984 to Europe to and so he was sent in 1984 to Europe to and so he was sent in 1984 to Europe to negotiate with Carl chiosi Otto blatti negotiate with Carl chiosi Otto blatti negotiate with Carl chiosi Otto blatti and Max Dy three hungarians who had and Max Dy three hungarians who had and Max Dy three hungarians who had greatly improveed the goar Gibbs AC greatly improveed the goar Gibbs AC greatly improveed the goar Gibbs AC Transformer Edison even paid $5,000 for Transformer Edison even paid $5,000 for Transformer Edison even paid $5,000 for an option on this CBD system but it was an option on this CBD system but it was an option on this CBD system but it was mostly to Plate culture the wizard mostly to Plate culture the wizard mostly to Plate culture the wizard didn't trust AC and if his damn fool didn't trust AC and if his damn fool didn't trust AC and if his damn fool competitors were in it he certainly competitors were in it he certainly competitors were in it he certainly didn't want any part of it 20 years of didn't want any part of it 20 years of didn't want any part of it 20 years of experience Ingenuity and doing the experience Ingenuity and doing the experience Ingenuity and doing the impossible with DC impossible with DC impossible with DC had to be worth something the bugs could had to be worth something the bugs could had to be worth something the bugs could be worked out yet at the same time that be worked out yet at the same time that be worked out yet at the same time that Edison constructed DC generators to make Edison constructed DC generators to make Edison constructed DC generators to make the Earth tremble and competitors stole the Earth tremble and competitors stole the Earth tremble and competitors stole his ideas or fashioned other primitive his ideas or fashioned other primitive his ideas or fashioned other primitive electric lighting devices a Serbian electric lighting devices a Serbian electric lighting devices a Serbian genius in his very midst had designed a genius in his very midst had designed a genius in his very midst had designed a system which made this prevailing system which made this prevailing system which made this prevailing technology obsolete according to WL technology obsolete according to WL technology obsolete according to WL Dixon one of Edison's earliest Dixon one of Edison's earliest Dixon one of Edison's earliest biographers and a longtime employee at biographers and a longtime employee at biographers and a longtime employee at menow Park and gawk Street nich Tesla menow Park and gawk Street nich Tesla menow Park and gawk Street nich Tesla that eulan star of the scientific that eulan star of the scientific that eulan star of the scientific Heavens even then gave strong evidence Heavens even then gave strong evidence Heavens even then gave strong evidence of the genius that has made him one of of the genius that has made him one of of the genius that has made him one of the standard authorities of the day the standard authorities of the day the standard authorities of the day Tesla's brilliant intellect had held Tesla's brilliant intellect had held Tesla's brilliant intellect had held Dixon and the other workers Spellbound

Dixon and the other workers Spellbound Dixon and the other workers Spellbound as he alternately fired us with the as he alternately fired us with the as he alternately fired us with the rapid sketching of his manifold projects rapid sketching of his manifold projects rapid sketching of his manifold projects or melted us into Keen of Sympathy by or melted us into Keen of Sympathy by or melted us into Keen of Sympathy by pictures of his hets ginan home but like pictures of his hets ginan home but like pictures of his hets ginan home but like most holders of God's intrinsic gifts he most holders of God's intrinsic gifts he most holders of God's intrinsic gifts he was unostentatious in the extreme and was unostentatious in the extreme and was unostentatious in the extreme and ready to assist with counsel or manual ready to assist with counsel or manual ready to assist with counsel or manual help any perplexed member of The Craft help any perplexed member of The Craft help any perplexed member of The Craft although unable to interest Edison in although unable to interest Edison in although unable to interest Edison in his AC motor Tesla was able within a few his AC motor Tesla was able within a few his AC motor Tesla was able within a few weeks to win Edison's confidence Tesla's weeks to win Edison's confidence Tesla's weeks to win Edison's confidence Tesla's greatest success came when he fixed a greatest success came when he fixed a greatest success came when he fixed a badly broken set of dynamos on Henry badly broken set of dynamos on Henry badly broken set of dynamos on Henry vard's ocean liner the Oregon the first vard's ocean liner the Oregon the first vard's ocean liner the Oregon the first boat ever to have electric lighting at boat ever to have electric lighting at boat ever to have electric lighting at 5:00 in the morning when passing along 5:00 in the morning when passing along 5:00 in the morning when passing along Fifth Avenue on my way to the shop Tesla Fifth Avenue on my way to the shop Tesla Fifth Avenue on my way to the shop Tesla recalled I met Edison with Bachelor and recalled I met Edison with Bachelor and recalled I met Edison with Bachelor and a few others who were returning to a few others who were returning to a few others who were returning to retire here is our Parisian running retire here is our Parisian running retire here is our Parisian running around at night he said when I told him around at night he said when I told him around at night he said when I told him I was coming from the Oregon and had I was coming from the Oregon and had I was coming from the Oregon and had repaired both machines he looked at me repaired both machines he looked at me repaired both machines he looked at me in silence but when he walked some in silence but when he walked some in silence but when he walked some distance I heard him remark Bachelor distance I heard him remark Bachelor distance I heard him remark Bachelor this is a damn good man and from that this is a damn good man and from that this is a damn good man and from that time on I had full freedom in directing time on I had full freedom in directing time on I had full freedom in directing the work alternately spending time at the work alternately spending time at the work alternately spending time at the Pearl Street Station or the gwk Iron the Pearl Street Station or the gwk Iron the Pearl Street Station or the gwk Iron Works Tesla installed and fixed indoor Works Tesla installed and fixed indoor Works Tesla installed and fixed indoor incandescent lamps and outdoor Arc lamps incandescent lamps and outdoor Arc lamps incandescent lamps and outdoor Arc lamps reassembled many of Edison's DC reassembled many of Edison's DC reassembled many of Edison's DC generators and designed 24 different generators and designed 24 different generators and designed 24 different types of machines that became standards types of machines that became standards types of machines that became standards which replaced those being used by which replaced those being used by which replaced those being used by Edison at the same time he worked on

Edison at the same time he worked on Edison at the same time he worked on patents on Arc lamps Regulators dynamos patents on Arc lamps Regulators dynamos patents on Arc lamps Regulators dynamos and commutators for DC apparatus trying and commutators for DC apparatus trying and commutators for DC apparatus trying to devise a way to approach his boss to devise a way to approach his boss to devise a way to approach his boss with his new invention obtain AR raise with his new invention obtain AR raise with his new invention obtain AR raise and gain compensation for a lump sum he and gain compensation for a lump sum he and gain compensation for a lump sum he had allegedly been had allegedly been had allegedly been promised the atmosphere was informal promised the atmosphere was informal promised the atmosphere was informal Tesla occasionally dining with Edison Tesla occasionally dining with Edison Tesla occasionally dining with Edison bachela and other higher-ups such as bachela and other higher-ups such as bachela and other higher-ups such as Edward Johnson president of the Edison Edward Johnson president of the Edison Edward Johnson president of the Edison illuminating company or Harry liver illuminating company or Harry liver illuminating company or Harry liver another engineer and smalltime another engineer and smalltime another engineer and smalltime entrepreneur in Machine Works entrepreneur in Machine Works entrepreneur in Machine Works manufacturing their favorite spot was a manufacturing their favorite spot was a manufacturing their favorite spot was a small restaurant opposite the Edison small restaurant opposite the Edison small restaurant opposite the Edison showroom at 65 fth Avenue there they showroom at 65 fth Avenue there they showroom at 65 fth Avenue there they would swap stories and tell jokes would swap stories and tell jokes would swap stories and tell jokes afterward some would retire to a afterward some would retire to a afterward some would retire to a billiard house where Tesla would impress billiard house where Tesla would impress billiard house where Tesla would impress the fellows with his bank shots and the fellows with his bank shots and the fellows with his bank shots and vision of the future Lia boasted of an vision of the future Lia boasted of an vision of the future Lia boasted of an agreement with Edison and Bachelor agreement with Edison and Bachelor agreement with Edison and Bachelor resulting in a company capitalized at resulting in a company capitalized at resulting in a company capitalized at $10,000 formed for the manufacturer of $10,000 formed for the manufacturer of $10,000 formed for the manufacturer of shafting Edison and Bachelor provided shafting Edison and Bachelor provided shafting Edison and Bachelor provided the machinery and money livea the tools the machinery and money livea the tools the machinery and money livea the tools and services impressed Tesla asked for and services impressed Tesla asked for and services impressed Tesla asked for advice particularly how to obtain a advice particularly how to obtain a advice particularly how to obtain a raise from his present modest salary of raise from his present modest salary of raise from his present modest salary of $18 per week to a more more lucrative $18 per week to a more more lucrative $18 per week to a more more lucrative $25 liver gladly undertook this service $25 liver gladly undertook this service $25 liver gladly undertook this service to intercede with Bachelor but greatly to intercede with Bachelor but greatly to intercede with Bachelor but greatly to his surprise was met with an Abrupt to his surprise was met with an Abrupt to his surprise was met with an Abrupt refusal no replied Bachelor the words refusal no replied Bachelor the words refusal no replied Bachelor the words are full of men like Tesla I can get any are full of men like Tesla I can get any are full of men like Tesla I can get any number of them I want for $18 a week

number of them I want for $18 a week number of them I want for $18 a week Tate who began employment as Edison's Tate who began employment as Edison's Tate who began employment as Edison's secretary shortly after this episode secretary shortly after this episode secretary shortly after this episode which liver related to him noted that which liver related to him noted that which liver related to him noted that Bachelor must have been referring to the Bachelor must have been referring to the Bachelor must have been referring to the woods I failed to find in the vicinity woods I failed to find in the vicinity woods I failed to find in the vicinity of Harlem Tesla's version of the story of Harlem Tesla's version of the story of Harlem Tesla's version of the story is somewhat different for 9 months my is somewhat different for 9 months my is somewhat different for 9 months my hours at the Edison Machine Works were hours at the Edison Machine Works were hours at the Edison Machine Works were 10:30 a.m. till 5 a.m. the next day all 10:30 a.m. till 5 a.m. the next day all 10:30 a.m. till 5 a.m. the next day all this time I was getting more and more this time I was getting more and more this time I was getting more and more anxious about the invention AC induction anxious about the invention AC induction anxious about the invention AC induction motor and was making up my mind to place motor and was making up my mind to place motor and was making up my mind to place it before Edison I still remember an odd it before Edison I still remember an odd it before Edison I still remember an odd incident in this connection one day in incident in this connection one day in incident in this connection one day in the latter part of 1884 Mr bachelor the the latter part of 1884 Mr bachelor the the latter part of 1884 Mr bachelor the man manager of the works took me to man manager of the works took me to man manager of the works took me to Coney Island where we met Edison in the Coney Island where we met Edison in the Coney Island where we met Edison in the company of his former wife the moment company of his former wife the moment company of his former wife the moment that I was waiting for was propitious that I was waiting for was propitious that I was waiting for was propitious and I was just about to speak when a and I was just about to speak when a and I was just about to speak when a horrible looking took hold of horrible looking took hold of horrible looking took hold of Edison and Drew him away preventing me Edison and Drew him away preventing me Edison and Drew him away preventing me from carrying out my from carrying out my from carrying out my intentions in analyzing this story a intentions in analyzing this story a intentions in analyzing this story a discrepancy as to the timing was discrepancy as to the timing was discrepancy as to the timing was discovered for Edison's wife caught discovered for Edison's wife caught discovered for Edison's wife caught typhoid fever in July 1884 and died on typhoid fever in July 1884 and died on typhoid fever in July 1884 and died on August the 9th since Tesla had arrived August the 9th since Tesla had arrived August the 9th since Tesla had arrived in May or June and if Edison's wife was in May or June and if Edison's wife was in May or June and if Edison's wife was present then the event took place in present then the event took place in present then the event took place in late June or early July only a few weeks late June or early July only a few weeks late June or early July only a few weeks after he began his employment in a close after he began his employment in a close after he began his employment in a close working environment with the hours as working environment with the hours as working environment with the hours as described even a few weeks could seem described even a few weeks could seem described even a few weeks could seem like a very long time one way or another

like a very long time one way or another like a very long time one way or another with the death of Edison's wife and with the death of Edison's wife and with the death of Edison's wife and Edison's extreme dislike of such AC men Edison's extreme dislike of such AC men Edison's extreme dislike of such AC men as elue Thompson and George Westinghouse as elue Thompson and George Westinghouse as elue Thompson and George Westinghouse no time for discussing AC invention may no time for discussing AC invention may no time for discussing AC invention may have been propitious the horrible have been propitious the horrible have been propitious the horrible looking who grabbed Edison away looking who grabbed Edison away looking who grabbed Edison away was probably Edison himself who was was probably Edison himself who was was probably Edison himself who was known to dress like a bowy bum Tesla known to dress like a bowy bum Tesla known to dress like a bowy bum Tesla using a euphemism to soften the story using a euphemism to soften the story using a euphemism to soften the story the manager had promised me $50,000 for the manager had promised me $50,000 for the manager had promised me $50,000 for redesigning equipment but when I redesigning equipment but when I redesigning equipment but when I demanded payment he merely laughed you demanded payment he merely laughed you demanded payment he merely laughed you are still a Parisian remarked Edison are still a Parisian remarked Edison are still a Parisian remarked Edison when you become a full-fledged American when you become a full-fledged American when you become a full-fledged American you will appreciate an American joke if you will appreciate an American joke if you will appreciate an American joke if a completion agreement had truly been a completion agreement had truly been a completion agreement had truly been made with Edison Tesla should have had made with Edison Tesla should have had made with Edison Tesla should have had it put in writing it seems unlikely that it put in writing it seems unlikely that it put in writing it seems unlikely that this amount of money for a somewhat this amount of money for a somewhat this amount of money for a somewhat ambiguous bargain would be offered but ambiguous bargain would be offered but ambiguous bargain would be offered but it was well within Edison's nature to it was well within Edison's nature to it was well within Edison's nature to make expensive if indefinite Promises of make expensive if indefinite Promises of make expensive if indefinite Promises of rewards as a way of getting the men to rewards as a way of getting the men to rewards as a way of getting the men to work for low wages Edison who could be work for low wages Edison who could be work for low wages Edison who could be more deaf than he actually was at times more deaf than he actually was at times more deaf than he actually was at times was known to put on his college educated was known to put on his college educated was known to put on his college educated spurts as when he convinced the chemist spurts as when he convinced the chemist spurts as when he convinced the chemist Mar Martin rosenoff that his first light Mar Martin rosenoff that his first light Mar Martin rosenoff that his first light bulb filament was made out of limberger bulb filament was made out of limberger bulb filament was made out of limberger cheese deeply hurt Tesla left the cheese deeply hurt Tesla left the cheese deeply hurt Tesla left the company and set out on his own five Liberty Street 1886 to own five Liberty Street 1886 to 88 there were many days when I did not 88 there were many days when I did not 88 there were many days when I did not know where my next meal was coming from

know where my next meal was coming from know where my next meal was coming from but I was never afraid to work I went to but I was never afraid to work I went to but I was never afraid to work I went to where some men were digging a ditch and where some men were digging a ditch and where some men were digging a ditch and said I wanted to work the boss looked at said I wanted to work the boss looked at said I wanted to work the boss looked at my good clothes and white hands and he my good clothes and white hands and he my good clothes and white hands and he laughed to the others but he said all laughed to the others but he said all laughed to the others but he said all right spit on your hands get in the right spit on your hands get in the right spit on your hands get in the ditch and I worked harder than anybody ditch and I worked harder than anybody ditch and I worked harder than anybody at the end of the day I had at the end of the day I had at the end of the day I had $2 Nicola Tesla although Tesla felt $2 Nicola Tesla although Tesla felt $2 Nicola Tesla although Tesla felt cheated when he departed from the Edison cheated when he departed from the Edison cheated when he departed from the Edison Machine Works in the early months of Machine Works in the early months of Machine Works in the early months of 1885 his time spent there had enabled 1885 his time spent there had enabled 1885 his time spent there had enabled him to study the master at work him to study the master at work him to study the master at work simultaneously ly it allowed Tesla to simultaneously ly it allowed Tesla to simultaneously ly it allowed Tesla to begin to organize his own company and begin to organize his own company and begin to organize his own company and write up first drafts in a notebook on write up first drafts in a notebook on write up first drafts in a notebook on advances in Ark lighting design and on advances in Ark lighting design and on advances in Ark lighting design and on the construction of DC the construction of DC the construction of DC commutators it also enabled him to see commutators it also enabled him to see commutators it also enabled him to see that Edison was mortal and fallible and that Edison was mortal and fallible and that Edison was mortal and fallible and that he Tesla had a scheme significantly that he Tesla had a scheme significantly that he Tesla had a scheme significantly more advanced a new confidence began to more advanced a new confidence began to more advanced a new confidence began to emerge in March 1885 Tesla met with the emerge in March 1885 Tesla met with the emerge in March 1885 Tesla met with the well-established patent attorney lemel well-established patent attorney lemel well-established patent attorney lemel serel a a former agent of Edison and serel a a former agent of Edison and serel a a former agent of Edison and sel's patent artist Raphael Netta SEL sel's patent artist Raphael Netta SEL sel's patent artist Raphael Netta SEL taught Tesla how to break down complex taught Tesla how to break down complex taught Tesla how to break down complex inventions into individualized inventions into individualized inventions into individualized improvements and on the 30th of the improvements and on the 30th of the improvements and on the 30th of the month they applied for Tesla's first month they applied for Tesla's first month they applied for Tesla's first patent number 335,000

for the prevention of sparking and for for the prevention of sparking and for regulating the current by means of a regulating the current by means of a regulating the current by means of a novel independent circuit coupled with novel independent circuit coupled with novel independent circuit coupled with auxiliary brushes in July yet another auxiliary brushes in July yet another auxiliary brushes in July yet another Ark lighting pattern was filed this one Ark lighting pattern was filed this one Ark lighting pattern was filed this one enabled exhausted lamps to automatically enabled exhausted lamps to automatically enabled exhausted lamps to automatically separate themselves from the circuit separate themselves from the circuit separate themselves from the circuit until such time as the carbon filaments until such time as the carbon filaments until such time as the carbon filaments could be could be could be replaced unfortunately the design had replaced unfortunately the design had replaced unfortunately the design had been anticipated by ell Hugh Thompson been anticipated by ell Hugh Thompson been anticipated by ell Hugh Thompson although embarrassed by having been although embarrassed by having been although embarrassed by having been unaware of the stateof the art in unaware of the stateof the art in unaware of the stateof the art in America at this time T was able to America at this time T was able to America at this time T was able to create novel refinements and they were create novel refinements and they were create novel refinements and they were patentable during his trips to sel's patentable during his trips to sel's patentable during his trips to sel's office the inventor met with a Vale and office the inventor met with a Vale and office the inventor met with a Vale and Robert lane two businessmen from New Robert lane two businessmen from New Robert lane two businessmen from New Jersey with ambiguous assurances that Jersey with ambiguous assurances that Jersey with ambiguous assurances that they were also interested in the AC they were also interested in the AC they were also interested in the AC motor Tesla agreed to form a lighting motor Tesla agreed to form a lighting motor Tesla agreed to form a lighting and manufacturing company with them in and manufacturing company with them in and manufacturing company with them in Tesla's name in veil's town of rawe New Tesla's name in veil's town of rawe New Tesla's name in veil's town of rawe New Jersey there after nearly a year of toil Jersey there after nearly a year of toil Jersey there after nearly a year of toil working with Paul noise from Gordon working with Paul noise from Gordon working with Paul noise from Gordon presswork he completed the presswork he completed the presswork he completed the installation this his first and only installation this his first and only installation this his first and only Municipal Ark lighting system was used Municipal Ark lighting system was used Municipal Ark lighting system was used to illuminate the streets of a town and to illuminate the streets of a town and to illuminate the streets of a town and some factories the efficiency and some factories the efficiency and some factories the efficiency and original approach of the system original approach of the system original approach of the system attracted the attention of George attracted the attention of George attracted the attention of George Worthington editor of electrical review Worthington editor of electrical review Worthington editor of electrical review who took pleasure in featuring the who took pleasure in featuring the who took pleasure in featuring the company on the front page of the August company on the front page of the August company on the front page of the August the 14th 1886 issue for the next few the 14th 1886 issue for the next few the 14th 1886 issue for the next few months the Tesla electric light and months the Tesla electric light and months the Tesla electric light and Manufacturing Company reciprocated by Manufacturing Company reciprocated by Manufacturing Company reciprocated by advertising in the journal veale hired

advertising in the journal veale hired advertising in the journal veale hired the mechanical artist Mr Wright of New the mechanical artist Mr Wright of New the mechanical artist Mr Wright of New York City to draw the lamp and Dynamo York City to draw the lamp and Dynamo York City to draw the lamp and Dynamo and at the same time along with Tesla's and at the same time along with Tesla's and at the same time along with Tesla's help created bold copy which claimed the help created bold copy which claimed the help created bold copy which claimed the most perfect and entirely new arc most perfect and entirely new arc most perfect and entirely new arc lighting system of automatic lighting system of automatic lighting system of automatic self-regulation in a display ad four self-regulation in a display ad four self-regulation in a display ad four times the size of most other electrical times the size of most other electrical times the size of most other electrical concerns the Tesla system guaranteed concerns the Tesla system guaranteed concerns the Tesla system guaranteed absolute safety and great saving of absolute safety and great saving of absolute safety and great saving of Power with no flickering or hissing Power with no flickering or hissing Power with no flickering or hissing having obtained stock in the company and having obtained stock in the company and having obtained stock in the company and with a little money in his pocket Tesla with a little money in his pocket Tesla with a little money in his pocket Tesla moved into a garden apartment in moved into a garden apartment in moved into a garden apartment in Manhattan decorating the grounds in the Manhattan decorating the grounds in the Manhattan decorating the grounds in the Continental fashion with colored glass Continental fashion with colored glass Continental fashion with colored glass balls on sticks the cosmopolitan's balls on sticks the cosmopolitan's balls on sticks the cosmopolitan's Delight was shortlived children broke in Delight was shortlived children broke in Delight was shortlived children broke in and stole the balls so Tesla replaced and stole the balls so Tesla replaced and stole the balls so Tesla replaced them with metal ones the stealing them with metal ones the stealing them with metal ones the stealing continued however so Tesla ordered his continued however so Tesla ordered his continued however so Tesla ordered his Gardener to bring them into the house Gardener to bring them into the house Gardener to bring them into the house every night unfortunately neither Vil every night unfortunately neither Vil every night unfortunately neither Vil who was president of the company nor who was president of the company nor who was president of the company nor Lane who was vice president and Lane who was vice president and Lane who was vice president and Treasurer cared about Tesla's other Treasurer cared about Tesla's other Treasurer cared about Tesla's other creation to them an AC motor was a creation to them an AC motor was a creation to them an AC motor was a seemingly useless invention the seemingly useless invention the seemingly useless invention the sensitive inventor became incensed for sensitive inventor became incensed for sensitive inventor became incensed for he had postponed exploiting the AC he had postponed exploiting the AC he had postponed exploiting the AC system until the raway project was system until the raway project was system until the raway project was completed under the assumption that his completed under the assumption that his completed under the assumption that his backers would support that Quest as well backers would support that Quest as well backers would support that Quest as well to his shock Tesla was forced out of his to his shock Tesla was forced out of his to his shock Tesla was forced out of his own concern and handed the hardest blow own concern and handed the hardest blow own concern and handed the hardest blow I ever received with no other possession I ever received with no other possession I ever received with no other possession than a beautifully engraved certificate

than a beautifully engraved certificate than a beautifully engraved certificate of stock of hypothetical value the of stock of hypothetical value the of stock of hypothetical value the inventor was bankrupt betrayed by Men He inventor was bankrupt betrayed by Men He inventor was bankrupt betrayed by Men He trusted the inventor came to consider trusted the inventor came to consider trusted the inventor came to consider the winter of 1886 to 887 a time of the winter of 1886 to 887 a time of the winter of 1886 to 887 a time of terrible headaches and bitter tears my terrible headaches and bitter tears my terrible headaches and bitter tears my suffering being intensified by my suffering being intensified by my suffering being intensified by my material want he was forced to work as a material want he was forced to work as a material want he was forced to work as a ditch digger the occupation was ditch digger the occupation was ditch digger the occupation was particularly demeaning for the particularly demeaning for the particularly demeaning for the self-perceived aristocrat self-perceived aristocrat self-perceived aristocrat my high education in various branches of my high education in various branches of my high education in various branches of science mechanics and literature seemed science mechanics and literature seemed science mechanics and literature seemed to me like a mockery Tesla's crisis to me like a mockery Tesla's crisis to me like a mockery Tesla's crisis abated in the spring having interested abated in the spring having interested abated in the spring having interested the foreman in his engineering prowess the foreman in his engineering prowess the foreman in his engineering prowess he was introduced to Alfred S brown a he was introduced to Alfred S brown a he was introduced to Alfred S brown a prominent engineer who worked for prominent engineer who worked for prominent engineer who worked for Western Union Telegraph Company brown Western Union Telegraph Company brown Western Union Telegraph Company brown who himself held a number of patents on who himself held a number of patents on who himself held a number of patents on Arc lamps had probably seen the article Arc lamps had probably seen the article Arc lamps had probably seen the article and advertisements on Tesla in and advertisements on Tesla in and advertisements on Tesla in electrical review well aware of the electrical review well aware of the electrical review well aware of the limit Li itations of the prevailing DC limit Li itations of the prevailing DC limit Li itations of the prevailing DC apparatus he became immediately apparatus he became immediately apparatus he became immediately impressed with the merits of Tesla's AC impressed with the merits of Tesla's AC impressed with the merits of Tesla's AC inventions and thereon contacted Charles inventions and thereon contacted Charles inventions and thereon contacted Charles F peek a distinguished lawyer from F peek a distinguished lawyer from F peek a distinguished lawyer from Englewood New Jersey peek knew of the Englewood New Jersey peek knew of the Englewood New Jersey peek knew of the failures in the industrial exploitation failures in the industrial exploitation failures in the industrial exploitation of alternating currents and was of alternating currents and was of alternating currents and was distinctly prejudiced to a point of not distinctly prejudiced to a point of not distinctly prejudiced to a point of not caring even to witness some caring even to witness some caring even to witness some tests I was discouraged Tesla recalled tests I was discouraged Tesla recalled tests I was discouraged Tesla recalled until I had an inspiration do do you until I had an inspiration do do you until I had an inspiration do do you remember the Egg of Columbus I asked the remember the Egg of Columbus I asked the remember the Egg of Columbus I asked the saying goes that at a certain dinner the

saying goes that at a certain dinner the saying goes that at a certain dinner the great Explorer asked some scoffers of great Explorer asked some scoffers of great Explorer asked some scoffers of his project to balance an egg on its end his project to balance an egg on its end his project to balance an egg on its end they tried in vain he then took it and they tried in vain he then took it and they tried in vain he then took it and cracking the shell slightly by a gentle cracking the shell slightly by a gentle cracking the shell slightly by a gentle blow made it stand upright this may be a blow made it stand upright this may be a blow made it stand upright this may be a myth but the fact is that he was granted myth but the fact is that he was granted myth but the fact is that he was granted an audience by Isabella the queen of an audience by Isabella the queen of an audience by Isabella the queen of Spain and won her Spain and won her Spain and won her support and you plan to balance an egg support and you plan to balance an egg support and you plan to balance an egg on on its end peek on on its end peek on on its end peek inquired yes but without cracking the inquired yes but without cracking the inquired yes but without cracking the shell if I should do this would you shell if I should do this would you shell if I should do this would you admit that I had gone Columbus one admit that I had gone Columbus one admit that I had gone Columbus one better all right he said having finally better all right he said having finally better all right he said having finally gained the lawyer's attention Tesla cut gained the lawyer's attention Tesla cut gained the lawyer's attention Tesla cut the quick and would you be willing to go the quick and would you be willing to go the quick and would you be willing to go out of your way as much as out of your way as much as out of your way as much as Isabella I have no crown jewels to porn Isabella I have no crown jewels to porn Isabella I have no crown jewels to porn Peck retorted but there are a few Peck retorted but there are a few Peck retorted but there are a few duckets in my buckskins and I might be duckets in my buckskins and I might be duckets in my buckskins and I might be able to to help you to an extent after able to to help you to an extent after able to to help you to an extent after the meeting Tesla rushed to the local the meeting Tesla rushed to the local the meeting Tesla rushed to the local blacksmith with a hard-boiled egg and blacksmith with a hard-boiled egg and blacksmith with a hard-boiled egg and had a mate cast in iron and Brass when had a mate cast in iron and Brass when had a mate cast in iron and Brass when he returned to the lab he constructed a he returned to the lab he constructed a he returned to the lab he constructed a circular enclosure with polyphase circular enclosure with polyphase circular enclosure with polyphase circuits along the perimeter and when he circuits along the perimeter and when he circuits along the perimeter and when he placed the egg in the center and turned placed the egg in the center and turned placed the egg in the center and turned on the current the egg began to spin as on the current the egg began to spin as on the current the egg began to spin as the egg speed of rotation increased its the egg speed of rotation increased its the egg speed of rotation increased its wobbling ceased and it stood on its end wobbling ceased and it stood on its end wobbling ceased and it stood on its end Not only was Tesla able to go Columbus W Not only was Tesla able to go Columbus W Not only was Tesla able to go Columbus W better he was also easily able to better he was also easily able to better he was also easily able to display the principles behind the idea display the principles behind the idea display the principles behind the idea of his rotating magnetic field peek was

of his rotating magnetic field peek was of his rotating magnetic field peek was one over and together the three men one over and together the three men one over and together the three men formed a new electric company in Tesla's formed a new electric company in Tesla's formed a new electric company in Tesla's name peek who had connections with John name peek who had connections with John name peek who had connections with John C Moore a banker with connections to JP C Moore a banker with connections to JP C Moore a banker with connections to JP Morgan provided the bulk of the capital Morgan provided the bulk of the capital Morgan provided the bulk of the capital and brown provided technical expertise and brown provided technical expertise and brown provided technical expertise and located the laboratory at 89 Liberty and located the laboratory at 89 Liberty and located the laboratory at 89 Liberty Street adjacent to what today is the Street adjacent to what today is the Street adjacent to what today is the World Trade Center in return Tesla World Trade Center in return Tesla World Trade Center in return Tesla agreed to split his patents on a 50/50 agreed to split his patents on a 50/50 agreed to split his patents on a 50/50 basis in actuality the three equally basis in actuality the three equally basis in actuality the three equally shared one patent for an AC Dynamo PE shared one patent for an AC Dynamo PE shared one patent for an AC Dynamo PE and Tesla split five more patents on and Tesla split five more patents on and Tesla split five more patents on commutators Motors and power commutators Motors and power commutators Motors and power transmission and the balance of transmission and the balance of transmission and the balance of inventions conceived during this period inventions conceived during this period inventions conceived during this period were placed in the name of the Tesla were placed in the name of the Tesla were placed in the name of the Tesla electric company their first patent was electric company their first patent was electric company their first patent was filed on April the 30th filed on April the 30th filed on April the 30th 1887 finally t wer had arrived he would 1887 finally t wer had arrived he would 1887 finally t wer had arrived he would begin an unprecedented Excursion into begin an unprecedented Excursion into begin an unprecedented Excursion into the field of invention a flow of intense the field of invention a flow of intense the field of invention a flow of intense activity which would continue unabated activity which would continue unabated activity which would continue unabated for 15 years driven by his wish to for 15 years driven by his wish to for 15 years driven by his wish to maintain priority in a variety of areas maintain priority in a variety of areas maintain priority in a variety of areas and upon the realization that new and upon the realization that new and upon the realization that new technologies could influence the course technologies could influence the course technologies could influence the course of history Tesla began a vigorous of history Tesla began a vigorous of history Tesla began a vigorous schedule that frightened those around schedule that frightened those around schedule that frightened those around him on many occasions he drove himself him on many occasions he drove himself him on many occasions he drove himself until he collapsed working around the until he collapsed working around the until he collapsed working around the clock with few brakes Tesla produced as clock with few brakes Tesla produced as clock with few brakes Tesla produced as rapidly as the machines could be rapidly as the machines could be rapidly as the machines could be constructed three complete systems of AC constructed three complete systems of AC constructed three complete systems of AC Machinery a single phase two-phase and

Machinery a single phase two-phase and Machinery a single phase two-phase and three-phase currents and made three-phase currents and made three-phase currents and made experiments with four and six-phase experiments with four and six-phase experiments with four and six-phase currents in each of the three principal currents in each of the three principal currents in each of the three principal systems he produced the dynamos for systems he produced the dynamos for systems he produced the dynamos for generating the currents the motors for generating the currents the motors for generating the currents the motors for producing power from them and producing power from them and producing power from them and Transformers for raising and reducing Transformers for raising and reducing Transformers for raising and reducing the voltages as well as a variety of the voltages as well as a variety of the voltages as well as a variety of devices for automatically controlling devices for automatically controlling devices for automatically controlling Machinery he not only produced the three Machinery he not only produced the three Machinery he not only produced the three systems but provided methods by which systems but provided methods by which systems but provided methods by which they could be interconnected and they could be interconnected and they could be interconnected and modifications providing a variety of modifications providing a variety of modifications providing a variety of means of using each of the systems he means of using each of the systems he means of using each of the systems he also calculated in fundamental fashion also calculated in fundamental fashion also calculated in fundamental fashion the mathematics Behind these the mathematics Behind these the mathematics Behind these inventions on May 10th Anthony STI inventions on May 10th Anthony STI inventions on May 10th Anthony STI landed in New York and by the end of the landed in New York and by the end of the landed in New York and by the end of the week he was working at Liberty Street week he was working at Liberty Street week he was working at Liberty Street with Tesla as designer Brown as with Tesla as designer Brown as with Tesla as designer Brown as technical expert and zetti as assistant technical expert and zetti as assistant technical expert and zetti as assistant assistant they began manufacturing their assistant they began manufacturing their assistant they began manufacturing their first AC induction Motors peek who along first AC induction Motors peek who along first AC induction Motors peek who along with brown would be associated with with brown would be associated with with brown would be associated with Tesla for the next decade as a quiet Tesla for the next decade as a quiet Tesla for the next decade as a quiet backer helped implement the patent backer helped implement the patent backer helped implement the patent applications by seeing investors in applications by seeing investors in applications by seeing investors in California Pennsylvania and New York California Pennsylvania and New York California Pennsylvania and New York within a few weeks electrical World within a few weeks electrical World within a few weeks electrical World editor TC Martin stopped by the shop and editor TC Martin stopped by the shop and editor TC Martin stopped by the shop and Co Tesla into writing his first article Co Tesla into writing his first article Co Tesla into writing his first article on the invention immediately taken by on the invention immediately taken by on the invention immediately taken by him Martin described the long limed him Martin described the long limed him Martin described the long limed electrician as having eyes that recall electrician as having eyes that recall electrician as having eyes that recall all the stories one has read of keenness all the stories one has read of keenness all the stories one has read of keenness of vision and phenomenal ability to see of vision and phenomenal ability to see of vision and phenomenal ability to see through things he is an omnivorous

through things he is an omnivorous through things he is an omnivorous reader who never forgets and he reader who never forgets and he reader who never forgets and he possesses The Peculiar facility in possesses The Peculiar facility in possesses The Peculiar facility in languages that enables the educated languages that enables the educated languages that enables the educated native of Eastern Europe to talk and native of Eastern Europe to talk and native of Eastern Europe to talk and write in at least half a dozen tongues a write in at least half a dozen tongues a write in at least half a dozen tongues a more congenial companion cannot be more congenial companion cannot be more congenial companion cannot be desired the conversation dealing at desired the conversation dealing at desired the conversation dealing at first with things near at hand and next first with things near at hand and next first with things near at hand and next reaches out and Rises to the greater reaches out and Rises to the greater reaches out and Rises to the greater questions of life and Duty and Destiny questions of life and Duty and Destiny questions of life and Duty and Destiny TC Martin with heavy emphasis in his TC Martin with heavy emphasis in his TC Martin with heavy emphasis in his signature on the sea was a complex signature on the sea was a complex signature on the sea was a complex person who would come to play a person who would come to play a person who would come to play a significant role in Tesla's life in 1893 significant role in Tesla's life in 1893 significant role in Tesla's life in 1893 he edited the most important compilation he edited the most important compilation he edited the most important compilation of Tesla's writings assembled during his of Tesla's writings assembled during his of Tesla's writings assembled during his lifetime flamboyantly mustachioed and lifetime flamboyantly mustachioed and lifetime flamboyantly mustachioed and with large round Soulful eyes and a with large round Soulful eyes and a with large round Soulful eyes and a shaved head Martin now married had been shaved head Martin now married had been shaved head Martin now married had been a former Seminary Student who had a former Seminary Student who had a former Seminary Student who had immigrated from England when he was only immigrated from England when he was only immigrated from England when he was only 21 born in the same year as Tesla Martin 21 born in the same year as Tesla Martin 21 born in the same year as Tesla Martin had worked for the wizard of Meno Park had worked for the wizard of Meno Park had worked for the wizard of Meno Park in the late 1870s before moving to the in the late 1870s before moving to the in the late 1870s before moving to the island of Jamaica returning to New York island of Jamaica returning to New York island of Jamaica returning to New York in 1883 he quickly became editor of in 1883 he quickly became editor of in 1883 he quickly became editor of operator and electrical world started in operator and electrical world started in operator and electrical world started in 1874 by the well-manicured WJ Johnston 1874 by the well-manicured WJ Johnston 1874 by the well-manicured WJ Johnston from a little four-page Telegraph sheet from a little four-page Telegraph sheet from a little four-page Telegraph sheet prepared and issued by Western Union prepared and issued by Western Union prepared and issued by Western Union operators in New York City for operators in New York City for operators in New York City for circulation among their fellows the circulation among their fellows the circulation among their fellows the operator began to gain prominence after operator began to gain prominence after operator began to gain prominence after Thomas Edison started contributing Thomas Edison started contributing Thomas Edison started contributing significant pieces as soon as Martin was

significant pieces as soon as Martin was significant pieces as soon as Martin was hired the paper's name was changed hired the paper's name was changed hired the paper's name was changed simply to electrical world the following simply to electrical world the following simply to electrical world the following year in 1884 TC Martin became vice year in 1884 TC Martin became vice year in 1884 TC Martin became vice president of the newly formed American president of the newly formed American president of the newly formed American Institute of electrical engineers a i e Institute of electrical engineers a i e Institute of electrical engineers a i e and in 1886 his first book appeared the and in 1886 his first book appeared the and in 1886 his first book appeared the electrical motor and its application a electrical motor and its application a electrical motor and its application a few months later he was elected few months later he was elected few months later he was elected president of the president of the president of the AE with his Newfound prominence and very AE with his Newfound prominence and very AE with his Newfound prominence and very British attitude TC Martin's sense of British attitude TC Martin's sense of British attitude TC Martin's sense of self-worth rose to the occasion in very self-worth rose to the occasion in very self-worth rose to the occasion in very deliberate fashion he organized a deliberate fashion he organized a deliberate fashion he organized a rebellion at electrical world with his rebellion at electrical world with his rebellion at electrical world with his co-editor Joseph wetzler and a few other co-editor Joseph wetzler and a few other co-editor Joseph wetzler and a few other workers against the owner the proper workers against the owner the proper workers against the owner the proper pedantic and overbearing WJ Johnston a pedantic and overbearing WJ Johnston a pedantic and overbearing WJ Johnston a capable editor in his own right Johnston capable editor in his own right Johnston capable editor in his own right Johnston was forced to fire his editors and work was forced to fire his editors and work was forced to fire his editors and work on the journal himself as if Martin had on the journal himself as if Martin had on the journal himself as if Martin had never never never existed along with wler Martin gained existed along with wler Martin gained existed along with wler Martin gained employment with electrical engineer a employment with electrical engineer a employment with electrical engineer a competing company which gained great competing company which gained great competing company which gained great prominence when the duo climbed aboard prominence when the duo climbed aboard prominence when the duo climbed aboard as a friend of Edison and with his new as a friend of Edison and with his new as a friend of Edison and with his new base of operations Martin was prepared base of operations Martin was prepared base of operations Martin was prepared to seize the moment an industrious to seize the moment an industrious to seize the moment an industrious writer with graceful style TC Martin had writer with graceful style TC Martin had writer with graceful style TC Martin had the capability to cross over into higher the capability to cross over into higher the capability to cross over into higher Social Circles he was a leader an Social Circles he was a leader an Social Circles he was a leader an opportunist egoist and charmer he was opportunist egoist and charmer he was opportunist egoist and charmer he was also one of the most influential also one of the most influential also one of the most influential personalities in the Glamorous personalities in the Glamorous personalities in the Glamorous futuristic field of electrical futuristic field of electrical futuristic field of electrical engineering having discovered this new

engineering having discovered this new engineering having discovered this new volcano of vision in Nicola tesler volcano of vision in Nicola tesler volcano of vision in Nicola tesler Martin approached him with the idea of Martin approached him with the idea of Martin approached him with the idea of helping choreograph Tesla's entree into helping choreograph Tesla's entree into helping choreograph Tesla's entree into the electrical engineering the electrical engineering the electrical engineering community the Serb was mysterious he community the Serb was mysterious he community the Serb was mysterious he could rebuff lesser Mortals and enjoyed could rebuff lesser Mortals and enjoyed could rebuff lesser Mortals and enjoyed the habits of a recluse but Thomas kford the habits of a recluse but Thomas kford the habits of a recluse but Thomas kford Martin had tact and tenacity of purpose Martin had tact and tenacity of purpose Martin had tact and tenacity of purpose he helped arrange for the esteemed he helped arrange for the esteemed he helped arrange for the esteemed engineering Professor William Anthony of engineering Professor William Anthony of engineering Professor William Anthony of Cornell University to come to Liberty Cornell University to come to Liberty Cornell University to come to Liberty Street and test the new AC motors for Street and test the new AC motors for Street and test the new AC motors for efficiency and Tesla reciprocated by efficiency and Tesla reciprocated by efficiency and Tesla reciprocated by traveling to Cornell to display his traveling to Cornell to display his traveling to Cornell to display his Motors to Anthony and three other Motors to Anthony and three other Motors to Anthony and three other professors RH thirston Edward Nicholas professors RH thirston Edward Nicholas professors RH thirston Edward Nicholas and William Ryan Anthony who was 20 and William Ryan Anthony who was 20 and William Ryan Anthony who was 20 years their senior and a graduate of years their senior and a graduate of years their senior and a graduate of both Brown and yed universities had just retired Cornell after 15 years in order retired Cornell after 15 years in order to take a position designing electrical to take a position designing electrical to take a position designing electrical measuring instruments for MAA Electrical measuring instruments for MAA Electrical measuring instruments for MAA Electrical Company in Manchester Connecticut soon Company in Manchester Connecticut soon Company in Manchester Connecticut soon to be president of the AE himself to be president of the AE himself to be president of the AE himself Anthony was pleased with his tests along Anthony was pleased with his tests along Anthony was pleased with his tests along with Martin he helped coax Tesla into with Martin he helped coax Tesla into with Martin he helped coax Tesla into presenting his motor before the newly presenting his motor before the newly presenting his motor before the newly formed electrical system Society Martin formed electrical system Society Martin formed electrical system Society Martin had great difficulty persuading Tesla to had great difficulty persuading Tesla to had great difficulty persuading Tesla to give any paper at all Martin said that give any paper at all Martin said that give any paper at all Martin said that Tesla stood very much alone as the Tesla stood very much alone as the Tesla stood very much alone as the majority of the electricians were majority of the electricians were majority of the electricians were entirely unfamiliar with the motor's entirely unfamiliar with the motor's entirely unfamiliar with the motor's value in haste Tesla wrote out his

value in haste Tesla wrote out his value in haste Tesla wrote out his lecture the night before in pencil it lecture the night before in pencil it lecture the night before in pencil it had not been easy for him to construct had not been easy for him to construct had not been easy for him to construct an efficient machine but having finally an efficient machine but having finally an efficient machine but having finally succeeded and having passed all of succeeded and having passed all of succeeded and having passed all of Professor Anthony's stringent tests for Professor Anthony's stringent tests for Professor Anthony's stringent tests for efficiency nothing now stood in the way efficiency nothing now stood in the way efficiency nothing now stood in the way of commercial development except that of commercial development except that of commercial development except that they had to be constructed with a view they had to be constructed with a view they had to be constructed with a view to operating on the circuits then to operating on the circuits then to operating on the circuits then existing which in this country were all existing which in this country were all existing which in this country were all of high frequency on May 15th 1888 Tesla of high frequency on May 15th 1888 Tesla of high frequency on May 15th 1888 Tesla appeared before the AE to read his appeared before the AE to read his appeared before the AE to read his Landmark paper a new alternating current Landmark paper a new alternating current Landmark paper a new alternating current motor he had already filed for 14 of the motor he had already filed for 14 of the motor he had already filed for 14 of the 40 fundamental patents on the AC system 40 fundamental patents on the AC system 40 fundamental patents on the AC system but he was still reluctant to fully but he was still reluctant to fully but he was still reluctant to fully announce his work realizing that the announce his work realizing that the announce his work realizing that the invention was worth at a minimum invention was worth at a minimum invention was worth at a minimum hundreds of thousands of dollars Tesla hundreds of thousands of dollars Tesla hundreds of thousands of dollars Tesla and Company sought investors through the and Company sought investors through the and Company sought investors through the advice of their new patent attorneys advice of their new patent attorneys advice of their new patent attorneys Parker W page Leonard e Curtis and Parker W page Leonard e Curtis and Parker W page Leonard e Curtis and general Samuel Duncan the last a leader general Samuel Duncan the last a leader general Samuel Duncan the last a leader of the firm and respected member of the of the firm and respected member of the of the firm and respected member of the New York Bar Association by the time of New York Bar Association by the time of New York Bar Association by the time of the lecture Tesla peek and brown had the lecture Tesla peek and brown had the lecture Tesla peek and brown had already been negotiating with already been negotiating with already been negotiating with prospective buyers such as Mr prospective buyers such as Mr prospective buyers such as Mr Butterworth a gas manufacturer from San Butterworth a gas manufacturer from San Butterworth a gas manufacturer from San Francisco and through General Duncan Francisco and through General Duncan Francisco and through General Duncan George Westinghouse of Pittsburgh but George Westinghouse of Pittsburgh but George Westinghouse of Pittsburgh but nothing as yet was settled Westinghouse nothing as yet was settled Westinghouse nothing as yet was settled Westinghouse was already utilizing an alternating was already utilizing an alternating was already utilizing an alternating current system developed by the erratic current system developed by the erratic current system developed by the erratic French inventor Lucien gar and the French inventor Lucien gar and the French inventor Lucien gar and the sporty entrepreneur John Dixon Gibbs of sporty entrepreneur John Dixon Gibbs of sporty entrepreneur John Dixon Gibbs of England in 1885 his manager of the

England in 1885 his manager of the England in 1885 his manager of the electrical division gido pantelon had electrical division gido pantelon had electrical division gido pantelon had returned to Torin Italy to attend the returned to Torin Italy to attend the returned to Torin Italy to attend the funeral of his father by coincidence funeral of his father by coincidence funeral of his father by coincidence through his engineering Professor through his engineering Professor through his engineering Professor Galileo Ferraris whom Westinghouse Galileo Ferraris whom Westinghouse Galileo Ferraris whom Westinghouse himself had met while visiting Italy in himself had met while visiting Italy in himself had met while visiting Italy in 1882 pant Leone was introduced to Lucien 1882 pant Leone was introduced to Lucien 1882 pant Leone was introduced to Lucien gar who had installed his AC apparatus gar who had installed his AC apparatus gar who had installed his AC apparatus between Tivoli and Rome goar and Gibbs between Tivoli and Rome goar and Gibbs between Tivoli and Rome goar and Gibbs had already made headlines two years had already made headlines two years had already made headlines two years earlier when they first exibited their earlier when they first exibited their earlier when they first exibited their invention at the Royal aquarium in invention at the Royal aquarium in invention at the Royal aquarium in London but in tyin the system won a gold London but in tyin the system won a gold London but in tyin the system won a gold medal and a prize of 400 awarded by the medal and a prize of 400 awarded by the medal and a prize of 400 awarded by the Italian government Westinghouse Italian government Westinghouse Italian government Westinghouse purchased the American patent rights in purchased the American patent rights in purchased the American patent rights in late November after receiving a cable late November after receiving a cable late November after receiving a cable request from pant Leon the goar Gibbs request from pant Leon the goar Gibbs request from pant Leon the goar Gibbs system although improved by the system although improved by the system although improved by the Hungarian zbd system still had serious Hungarian zbd system still had serious Hungarian zbd system still had serious problems for Westinghouse this was problems for Westinghouse this was problems for Westinghouse this was further Complicated by the fact that further Complicated by the fact that further Complicated by the fact that Edison owned the option on the zbd and Edison owned the option on the zbd and Edison owned the option on the zbd and it was probably to block competitors it was probably to block competitors it was probably to block competitors that Edison purchased the system to that Edison purchased the system to that Edison purchased the system to begin with in the same year in America begin with in the same year in America begin with in the same year in America after creating the Westinghouse electric after creating the Westinghouse electric after creating the Westinghouse electric company Westinghouse placed William company Westinghouse placed William company Westinghouse placed William Stanley in charge of the goar Gibbs Stanley in charge of the goar Gibbs Stanley in charge of the goar Gibbs modifications simultaneously he brought modifications simultaneously he brought modifications simultaneously he brought to America Reginald Belfield the to America Reginald Belfield the to America Reginald Belfield the engineer who had helped install the goar engineer who had helped install the goar engineer who had helped install the goar Gibbs system at the inventions Gibbs system at the inventions Gibbs system at the inventions exhibition in London 2 years earlier exhibition in London 2 years earlier exhibition in London 2 years earlier Stanley a frail thin-faced temperamental Stanley a frail thin-faced temperamental Stanley a frail thin-faced temperamental little man with piercing eyes aqualine

little man with piercing eyes aqualine little man with piercing eyes aqualine nose wispy mustache and alala hairdo was nose wispy mustache and alala hairdo was nose wispy mustache and alala hairdo was a native of Brooklyn who had worked for a native of Brooklyn who had worked for a native of Brooklyn who had worked for Hyrum Maxim inventor of the machine gun Hyrum Maxim inventor of the machine gun Hyrum Maxim inventor of the machine gun although it was Westing House's idea to although it was Westing House's idea to although it was Westing House's idea to place Stanley in charge of the goar place Stanley in charge of the goar place Stanley in charge of the goar Gibbs apparatus Stanley would later Gibbs apparatus Stanley would later Gibbs apparatus Stanley would later maintain that Westinghouse never fully maintain that Westinghouse never fully maintain that Westinghouse never fully understood the system until he gotted in understood the system until he gotted in understood the system until he gotted in working order this appears unlikely for working order this appears unlikely for working order this appears unlikely for it was a private joke among the upper it was a private joke among the upper it was a private joke among the upper echelon of the Westinghouse company that echelon of the Westinghouse company that echelon of the Westinghouse company that Stanley had a penchant for claiming new Stanley had a penchant for claiming new Stanley had a penchant for claiming new discoveries when they became such to him discoveries when they became such to him discoveries when they became such to him in any case Westinghouse hedged his BS in any case Westinghouse hedged his BS in any case Westinghouse hedged his BS by establishing numerous DC Central by establishing numerous DC Central by establishing numerous DC Central stations as well while research on AC stations as well while research on AC stations as well while research on AC was in progress was in progress was in progress nervous and agile Stanley was a hyp nervous and agile Stanley was a hyp nervous and agile Stanley was a hyp sensitive individual who never really sensitive individual who never really sensitive individual who never really got along with Westing h house due to got along with Westing h house due to got along with Westing h house due to ill health and on the advice of the ill health and on the advice of the ill health and on the advice of the general manager Colonel Henry bilsby who general manager Colonel Henry bilsby who general manager Colonel Henry bilsby who proposed that success might be more proposed that success might be more proposed that success might be more forthcoming if Stanley separated himself forthcoming if Stanley separated himself forthcoming if Stanley separated himself from the pressures of the company the from the pressures of the company the from the pressures of the company the inventor returned to his childhood inventor returned to his childhood inventor returned to his childhood summer retreat in the birkshire in great summer retreat in the birkshire in great summer retreat in the birkshire in great barington Massachusetts to work on the barington Massachusetts to work on the barington Massachusetts to work on the goar Gibbs system in private taking goar Gibbs system in private taking goar Gibbs system in private taking Reginal bfield with him Stanley Reginal bfield with him Stanley Reginal bfield with him Stanley converted the goar Gibbs arrangement to converted the goar Gibbs arrangement to converted the goar Gibbs arrangement to parallel circuitry an independent parallel circuitry an independent parallel circuitry an independent control of separate fixtures and at the control of separate fixtures and at the control of separate fixtures and at the same time created a Transformer which same time created a Transformer which same time created a Transformer which stepped up the AC from 500 volt to 3,000 stepped up the AC from 500 volt to 3,000 stepped up the AC from 500 volt to 3,000 when delivered along the transmission when delivered along the transmission when delivered along the transmission line and stepped them back down to line and stepped them back down to line and stepped them back down to original levels when entering the original levels when entering the original levels when entering the households this invention although very

households this invention although very households this invention although very similar to the zbd configuration was similar to the zbd configuration was similar to the zbd configuration was nevertheless patentable it enabled AC to nevertheless patentable it enabled AC to nevertheless patentable it enabled AC to be sent 3/4 of a mile or approximately be sent 3/4 of a mile or approximately be sent 3/4 of a mile or approximately one4 of a mile farther than the lower one4 of a mile farther than the lower one4 of a mile farther than the lower voltages of the prevailing DC Systems on voltages of the prevailing DC Systems on voltages of the prevailing DC Systems on April the 6th 1886 George Westinghouse April the 6th 1886 George Westinghouse April the 6th 1886 George Westinghouse along with Colonel Henry bilsby traveled along with Colonel Henry bilsby traveled along with Colonel Henry bilsby traveled up to New Hampshire to witness The up to New Hampshire to witness The up to New Hampshire to witness The Landmark apparatus for themselves prior Landmark apparatus for themselves prior Landmark apparatus for themselves prior to coming to Westinghouse billsby had to coming to Westinghouse billsby had to coming to Westinghouse billsby had been employed at the Edison machine been employed at the Edison machine been employed at the Edison machine works as a mechanical engineer and was works as a mechanical engineer and was works as a mechanical engineer and was one of the designers of the Pearl Street one of the designers of the Pearl Street one of the designers of the Pearl Street Station from that time on billsby said Station from that time on billsby said Station from that time on billsby said we progressed with amazing speed by the we progressed with amazing speed by the we progressed with amazing speed by the time of Tesla's lecture Westinghouse time of Tesla's lecture Westinghouse time of Tesla's lecture Westinghouse noted that his company had sold more noted that his company had sold more noted that his company had sold more Central stations on the alternating Central stations on the alternating Central stations on the alternating current system than of all the other current system than of all the other current system than of all the other electric companies in the country put electric companies in the country put electric companies in the country put together on the direct current system together on the direct current system together on the direct current system but few Engineers understood the but few Engineers understood the but few Engineers understood the principles involved in Fierce principles involved in Fierce principles involved in Fierce competition with Westinghouse and a competition with Westinghouse and a competition with Westinghouse and a third player ugh Thompson of Thompson third player ugh Thompson of Thompson third player ugh Thompson of Thompson Houston Electric Company Thomas Edison Houston Electric Company Thomas Edison Houston Electric Company Thomas Edison had received a report on his own had received a report on his own had received a report on his own alternating current Z BD system his alternating current Z BD system his alternating current Z BD system his engineers in Berlin indicated that the engineers in Berlin indicated that the engineers in Berlin indicated that the use of such high voltages was use of such high voltages was use of such high voltages was exceedingly dangerous Thompson who exceedingly dangerous Thompson who exceedingly dangerous Thompson who himself had lectured at the AE a year himself had lectured at the AE a year himself had lectured at the AE a year before on the topic of AC supported before on the topic of AC supported before on the topic of AC supported Edison's contention that AC was too Edison's contention that AC was too Edison's contention that AC was too risky thus at the time Tesla spoke the risky thus at the time Tesla spoke the risky thus at the time Tesla spoke the battle of the currents had already begun

battle of the currents had already begun battle of the currents had already begun but the makeup of the contenders was but the makeup of the contenders was but the makeup of the contenders was complex in 1886 fully 2 years before complex in 1886 fully 2 years before complex in 1886 fully 2 years before Tesla's High voltage AC system became Tesla's High voltage AC system became Tesla's High voltage AC system became manifest Edison had written to his manifest Edison had written to his manifest Edison had written to his manager just as certain as death manager just as certain as death manager just as certain as death Westinghouse will kill a customer within Westinghouse will kill a customer within Westinghouse will kill a customer within 6 months after he puts in a system of 6 months after he puts in a system of 6 months after he puts in a system of any size he's got a new thing and it any size he's got a new thing and it any size he's got a new thing and it will require a great deal of will require a great deal of will require a great deal of experimenting to get it working experimenting to get it working experimenting to get it working practically it will never be free from practically it will never be free from practically it will never be free from danger Tesla's lecture began with a danger Tesla's lecture began with a danger Tesla's lecture began with a brief description of the existing brief description of the existing brief description of the existing diversity of opinion regarding the diversity of opinion regarding the diversity of opinion regarding the relative merits of the alternate and relative merits of the alternate and relative merits of the alternate and continuous currency continuous currency continuous currency Systems Great importance Tesla continued Systems Great importance Tesla continued Systems Great importance Tesla continued is attached to the question whether is attached to the question whether is attached to the question whether alternate currents can be successfully alternate currents can be successfully alternate currents can be successfully utilized in the operation of Motors he utilized in the operation of Motors he utilized in the operation of Motors he followed this Preamble with a lucid followed this Preamble with a lucid followed this Preamble with a lucid description of the problem of the description of the problem of the description of the problem of the prevailing technology and his elegant prevailing technology and his elegant prevailing technology and his elegant solution explained in words diagrams and solution explained in words diagrams and solution explained in words diagrams and simple mathematical simple mathematical simple mathematical calculations the lecture was so thorough calculations the lecture was so thorough calculations the lecture was so thorough that many Engineers after studying the that many Engineers after studying the that many Engineers after studying the work felt that they had known it all work felt that they had known it all work felt that they had known it all along along along I have the pleasure of bringing to your I have the pleasure of bringing to your I have the pleasure of bringing to your notice a novel system of electrical notice a novel system of electrical notice a novel system of electrical distribution and transmission of Power distribution and transmission of Power distribution and transmission of Power by means of alternate currents which I by means of alternate currents which I by means of alternate currents which I am confident will at once establish the am confident will at once establish the am confident will at once establish the superior adaptability and will show that superior adaptability and will show that superior adaptability and will show that many results here to for unobtainable many results here to for unobtainable many results here to for unobtainable can be reached by their use in our can be reached by their use in our can be reached by their use in our Dynamo machines it is well known we Dynamo machines it is well known we Dynamo machines it is well known we generate alternate currents which we

generate alternate currents which we generate alternate currents which we Direct by means of a commutator a Direct by means of a commutator a Direct by means of a commutator a complicated device and the source of complicated device and the source of complicated device and the source of most of the troubles most of the troubles most of the troubles experienced now the currents so directed experienced now the currents so directed experienced now the currents so directed cannot be utilized in the motor but they cannot be utilized in the motor but they cannot be utilized in the motor but they must be reconverted into their original must be reconverted into their original must be reconverted into their original state in reality therefore all machines state in reality therefore all machines state in reality therefore all machines are alternate current machines the are alternate current machines the are alternate current machines the current appearing continuous only in the current appearing continuous only in the current appearing continuous only in the external circuit during their Transit external circuit during their Transit external circuit during their Transit from generator to from generator to from generator to motor since Tesla's lecture was dealing motor since Tesla's lecture was dealing motor since Tesla's lecture was dealing with fundamentals it was easily with fundamentals it was easily with fundamentals it was easily understood even though his invention was understood even though his invention was understood even though his invention was so revolutionary so revolutionary so revolutionary by demonstration in Tesla's laboratory by demonstration in Tesla's laboratory by demonstration in Tesla's laboratory after the lecture the inventor showed after the lecture the inventor showed after the lecture the inventor showed that his synchronous Motors could almost that his synchronous Motors could almost that his synchronous Motors could almost instantaneously be reversed he also instantaneously be reversed he also instantaneously be reversed he also described in precise mathematical described in precise mathematical described in precise mathematical calculations how to determine the number calculations how to determine the number calculations how to determine the number of poles and speed of each motor how to of poles and speed of each motor how to of poles and speed of each motor how to construct singlephase two-phase and construct singlephase two-phase and construct singlephase two-phase and three-phase motors and how his system three-phase motors and how his system three-phase motors and how his system could be interlined with DC could be interlined with DC could be interlined with DC operators the lecture made use of operators the lecture made use of operators the lecture made use of entirely new entirely new entirely new principles now electricity could be principles now electricity could be principles now electricity could be transported hundreds of miles from a transported hundreds of miles from a transported hundreds of miles from a single distribution Point not just for single distribution Point not just for single distribution Point not just for lighting streets or dwellings but for lighting streets or dwellings but for lighting streets or dwellings but for running appliances in households and running appliances in households and running appliances in households and Industrial Machinery in Industrial Machinery in Industrial Machinery in factories at the end of the talk DC factories at the end of the talk DC factories at the end of the talk DC Martin called upon Professor William Martin called upon Professor William Martin called upon Professor William Anthony to present his independent tests Anthony to present his independent tests Anthony to present his independent tests of the Tesla Motors he had designed of the Tesla Motors he had designed of the Tesla Motors he had designed dynamos himself which he had displayed a

dynamos himself which he had displayed a dynamos himself which he had displayed a decade earlier at the Philadelphia decade earlier at the Philadelphia decade earlier at the Philadelphia exposition of 1876 exposition of 1876 exposition of 1876 tugging nervously at his scraggly beard tugging nervously at his scraggly beard tugging nervously at his scraggly beard Anthony confirmed that the Tesla Motors Anthony confirmed that the Tesla Motors Anthony confirmed that the Tesla Motors he had taken back to Cornell had had an he had taken back to Cornell had had an he had taken back to Cornell had had an efficiency comparable to the best DC efficiency comparable to the best DC efficiency comparable to the best DC apparatus a little over 60% he said for apparatus a little over 60% he said for apparatus a little over 60% he said for the larger models moreover the reversal the larger models moreover the reversal the larger models moreover the reversal of direction that the machines could of direction that the machines could of direction that the machines could achieve took place so quickly that it achieve took place so quickly that it achieve took place so quickly that it was almost impossible to tell when the was almost impossible to tell when the was almost impossible to tell when the change took place boiling inside at change took place boiling inside at change took place boiling inside at having been anticipated by a newcomer having been anticipated by a newcomer having been anticipated by a newcomer the pnik professor Ellie Hugh Thompson the pnik professor Ellie Hugh Thompson the pnik professor Ellie Hugh Thompson stepped forward wanting to reestablish stepped forward wanting to reestablish stepped forward wanting to reestablish that his work in AC predated Teslas that his work in AC predated Teslas that his work in AC predated Teslas Thompson pointed out how their Thompson pointed out how their Thompson pointed out how their inventions differed I have been very inventions differed I have been very inventions differed I have been very much interested in the description given much interested in the description given much interested in the description given by Mr Tesla of his new and admirable by Mr Tesla of his new and admirable by Mr Tesla of his new and admirable little motor he managed with a per smile little motor he managed with a per smile little motor he managed with a per smile I have as probably you may be aware I have as probably you may be aware I have as probably you may be aware worked in somewhat similar directions worked in somewhat similar directions worked in somewhat similar directions and towards the attainment of similar and towards the attainment of similar and towards the attainment of similar ends the trials which I have made have ends the trials which I have made have ends the trials which I have made have been by the use of a single alternating been by the use of a single alternating been by the use of a single alternating current circuit not a double alternating current circuit not a double alternating current circuit not a double alternating circuit a single circuit supplying a circuit a single circuit supplying a circuit a single circuit supplying a motor constructed to utilize the motor constructed to utilize the motor constructed to utilize the alternation and produce alternation and produce alternation and produce rotation unbeknown to Thompson his words rotation unbeknown to Thompson his words rotation unbeknown to Thompson his words at that moment would come back to haunt at that moment would come back to haunt at that moment would come back to haunt him because he had identified precisely him because he had identified precisely him because he had identified precisely the difference between the two the difference between the two the difference between the two Creations whereas Thompson's single AC Creations whereas Thompson's single AC Creations whereas Thompson's single AC circuit had to still make use of a

circuit had to still make use of a circuit had to still make use of a commutator and thus was highly commutator and thus was highly commutator and thus was highly inefficient test system utilized two or inefficient test system utilized two or inefficient test system utilized two or more circuits out of phase with each more circuits out of phase with each more circuits out of phase with each other and constructed in such a way as other and constructed in such a way as other and constructed in such a way as to make the commutator obsolete Tesla of to make the commutator obsolete Tesla of to make the commutator obsolete Tesla of course recognized the importance of course recognized the importance of course recognized the importance of Thompson's words and reiterated the Thompson's words and reiterated the Thompson's words and reiterated the point to establish clearly that his point to establish clearly that his point to establish clearly that his invention just presented was not invention just presented was not invention just presented was not analogous to Thompson's prior work analogous to Thompson's prior work analogous to Thompson's prior work gentlemen Tesla began I wish to say that gentlemen Tesla began I wish to say that gentlemen Tesla began I wish to say that the testimony of such a man as Professor the testimony of such a man as Professor the testimony of such a man as Professor Thompson flatters me very much pausing Thompson flatters me very much pausing Thompson flatters me very much pausing with a smile and a bow of recognition with a smile and a bow of recognition with a smile and a bow of recognition Tesla timed his Cuda grass with Tesla timed his Cuda grass with Tesla timed his Cuda grass with understated understated understated finesse I had a motor identically the finesse I had a motor identically the finesse I had a motor identically the same as that of Professor Thompson but I same as that of Professor Thompson but I same as that of Professor Thompson but I was anticipated by him that peculiar was anticipated by him that peculiar was anticipated by him that peculiar motor represents the disadvantage that a motor represents the disadvantage that a motor represents the disadvantage that a pair of brushes I.E a commutator must be pair of brushes I.E a commutator must be pair of brushes I.E a commutator must be employed in this brief repost Tesla employed in this brief repost Tesla employed in this brief repost Tesla claimed The High Ground and created an claimed The High Ground and created an claimed The High Ground and created an enemy who would fight him on this and enemy who would fight him on this and enemy who would fight him on this and other priority issues EG the Tesla coil other priority issues EG the Tesla coil other priority issues EG the Tesla coil for the rest of their lives now for the rest of their lives now for the rest of their lives now Westinghouse had to move fast he Westinghouse had to move fast he Westinghouse had to move fast he realized the value of the Tesla patent realized the value of the Tesla patent realized the value of the Tesla patent applications having had nearly a month applications having had nearly a month applications having had nearly a month to look them over along with the report to look them over along with the report to look them over along with the report from Professor Anthony a week after the from Professor Anthony a week after the from Professor Anthony a week after the lecture on May the 21st he sent Colonel lecture on May the 21st he sent Colonel lecture on May the 21st he sent Colonel Henry bilsby to Tesla's laboratory Henry bilsby to Tesla's laboratory Henry bilsby to Tesla's laboratory billsby met with fellow engineer Alfred billsby met with fellow engineer Alfred billsby met with fellow engineer Alfred Brown on courland street where he was

Brown on courland street where he was Brown on courland street where he was introduced to Charles peek the lawyer introduced to Charles peek the lawyer introduced to Charles peek the lawyer and major financial backer of the Tesla and major financial backer of the Tesla and major financial backer of the Tesla electric company together with a Fourth electric company together with a Fourth electric company together with a Fourth Man Mr humbard they went over to Liberty Man Mr humbard they went over to Liberty Man Mr humbard they went over to Liberty Street to meet the inventor and see the Street to meet the inventor and see the Street to meet the inventor and see the machines in machines in machines in operation Mr Tesla struck me as being a operation Mr Tesla struck me as being a operation Mr Tesla struck me as being a straightforward enthusiastic sort of a straightforward enthusiastic sort of a straightforward enthusiastic sort of a party bsby wrote to Westinghouse but his party bsby wrote to Westinghouse but his party bsby wrote to Westinghouse but his description was not of a nature which I description was not of a nature which I description was not of a nature which I was enabled entirely to was enabled entirely to was enabled entirely to comprehend however I saw several points comprehend however I saw several points comprehend however I saw several points which I think are of interest in the which I think are of interest in the which I think are of interest in the first place as near as I can get at it first place as near as I can get at it first place as near as I can get at it the underlying principle of this motor the underlying principle of this motor the underlying principle of this motor is the principle which Mr shenberger is is the principle which Mr shenberger is is the principle which Mr shenberger is at work on at the present moment the at work on at the present moment the at work on at the present moment the motors as far as I could judge are a motors as far as I could judge are a motors as far as I could judge are a success they start from rest and the success they start from rest and the success they start from rest and the reversion of the direction of rotation reversion of the direction of rotation reversion of the direction of rotation is suddenly accomplished without any is suddenly accomplished without any is suddenly accomplished without any short circuiting in order to avoid short circuiting in order to avoid short circuiting in order to avoid giving the impression that the matter giving the impression that the matter giving the impression that the matter was one which excited my curiosity I was one which excited my curiosity I was one which excited my curiosity I made my visit short back at courland made my visit short back at courland made my visit short back at courland Street Brown and peek informed billsby Street Brown and peek informed billsby Street Brown and peek informed billsby that he had to make a decision by 10:00 that he had to make a decision by 10:00 that he had to make a decision by 10:00 Friday of this week as the company was Friday of this week as the company was Friday of this week as the company was also negotiating with a Mr Butterworth also negotiating with a Mr Butterworth also negotiating with a Mr Butterworth from San Francisco they claimed that from San Francisco they claimed that from San Francisco they claimed that Professor Anthony had joined this Professor Anthony had joined this Professor Anthony had joined this California Syndicate and was backing up California Syndicate and was backing up California Syndicate and was backing up Butterworth's offer of Butterworth's offer of Butterworth's offer of $250,000 in short-term notes and a $250,000 in short-term notes and a $250,000 in short-term notes and a royalty of royalty of royalty of $2.50 per watt of horsepower I told them $2.50 per watt of horsepower I told them $2.50 per watt of horsepower I told them the terms were monstrous billsby said

the terms were monstrous billsby said the terms were monstrous billsby said but they replied that they could not but they replied that they could not but they replied that they could not possibly hold the matter over longer possibly hold the matter over longer possibly hold the matter over longer than the date mentioned I told them I than the date mentioned I told them I than the date mentioned I told them I thought there was no possibility of our thought there was no possibility of our thought there was no possibility of our considering the matter seriously but considering the matter seriously but considering the matter seriously but that I would let them know before Friday that I would let them know before Friday that I would let them know before Friday billsby suggested that Westinghouse come billsby suggested that Westinghouse come billsby suggested that Westinghouse come to New York himself or send shenberger to New York himself or send shenberger to New York himself or send shenberger and another representative Westinghouse and another representative Westinghouse and another representative Westinghouse who was familiar with the San Francisco who was familiar with the San Francisco who was familiar with the San Francisco Syndicate told billsby instead to stall Syndicate told billsby instead to stall Syndicate told billsby instead to stall them and try to secure more favorable them and try to secure more favorable them and try to secure more favorable terms during the 6 week interim terms during the 6 week interim terms during the 6 week interim Westinghouse conferred with his Westinghouse conferred with his Westinghouse conferred with his specialists Oliver shenberger and specialists Oliver shenberger and specialists Oliver shenberger and William Stanley and his lawyer em Kerr William Stanley and his lawyer em Kerr William Stanley and his lawyer em Kerr just 3 weeks prior to Tesla's lecture just 3 weeks prior to Tesla's lecture just 3 weeks prior to Tesla's lecture the shenberger had discovered by chance the shenberger had discovered by chance the shenberger had discovered by chance that a loose spring spun in a shifting that a loose spring spun in a shifting that a loose spring spun in a shifting magnetic field directly he said to his magnetic field directly he said to his magnetic field directly he said to his assistant Stillwell who was also present assistant Stillwell who was also present assistant Stillwell who was also present there's a meter in that and perhaps a there's a meter in that and perhaps a there's a meter in that and perhaps a motor within 2 weeks he designed and motor within 2 weeks he designed and motor within 2 weeks he designed and built a most successful alternating built a most successful alternating built a most successful alternating current meter of the induction type current meter of the induction type current meter of the induction type which became standard for the field and which became standard for the field and which became standard for the field and like Tesla's creation his apparatus like Tesla's creation his apparatus like Tesla's creation his apparatus utilized a rotating magnetic field utilized a rotating magnetic field utilized a rotating magnetic field shenberger however did not yet really shenberger however did not yet really shenberger however did not yet really understand the principles involved nor understand the principles involved nor understand the principles involved nor had he had time to apply for a patent had he had time to apply for a patent had he had time to apply for a patent Stanley on the other hand claimed that Stanley on the other hand claimed that Stanley on the other hand claimed that there was nothing new in Tesla's there was nothing new in Tesla's there was nothing new in Tesla's creation he pointed out that in creation he pointed out that in creation he pointed out that in September 1883 he had put the idea down September 1883 he had put the idea down September 1883 he had put the idea down in a notebook that an induction coil

in a notebook that an induction coil in a notebook that an induction coil could be excited by could be excited by could be excited by AC I have built an AC system on AC I have built an AC system on AC I have built an AC system on basically the same principle which basically the same principle which basically the same principle which allows electromotive force to be allows electromotive force to be allows electromotive force to be transmitted from Power stations to homes transmitted from Power stations to homes transmitted from Power stations to homes for the purpose of Illuminating them he for the purpose of Illuminating them he for the purpose of Illuminating them he told Westinghouse but the fact of the told Westinghouse but the fact of the told Westinghouse but the fact of the matter was Stanley's system still used a matter was Stanley's system still used a matter was Stanley's system still used a commutator his ego had gotten in the way commutator his ego had gotten in the way commutator his ego had gotten in the way of his ability to reason objectively of his ability to reason objectively of his ability to reason objectively that his scheme was not analogous to that his scheme was not analogous to that his scheme was not analogous to Tesla's K reminded Westinghouse that Tesla's K reminded Westinghouse that Tesla's K reminded Westinghouse that unless he had a competing patent of unless he had a competing patent of unless he had a competing patent of sufficient strength he would be sufficient strength he would be sufficient strength he would be powerless Westinghouse was aware that powerless Westinghouse was aware that powerless Westinghouse was aware that Professor Ferraris of Turin Italy had Professor Ferraris of Turin Italy had Professor Ferraris of Turin Italy had published a paper on the rotating published a paper on the rotating published a paper on the rotating magnetic field one or two months prior magnetic field one or two months prior magnetic field one or two months prior to Tesla's lecture araris had also to Tesla's lecture araris had also to Tesla's lecture araris had also constructed discs that rotated in AC constructed discs that rotated in AC constructed discs that rotated in AC fields in University presentations as fields in University presentations as fields in University presentations as early as early as early as 1885 Tesla willingly admitted that 1885 Tesla willingly admitted that 1885 Tesla willingly admitted that Professor Ferraris not only came Professor Ferraris not only came Professor Ferraris not only came independently to the same theoretical independently to the same theoretical independently to the same theoretical results but in a manner identical almost results but in a manner identical almost results but in a manner identical almost to the smallest detail but Ferraris to the smallest detail but Ferraris to the smallest detail but Ferraris wrongly concluded that an apparatus wrongly concluded that an apparatus wrongly concluded that an apparatus founded upon this principle cannot be of founded upon this principle cannot be of founded upon this principle cannot be of any commercial importance as a motor any commercial importance as a motor any commercial importance as a motor nevertheless Kerr realized the legal nevertheless Kerr realized the legal nevertheless Kerr realized the legal importance of Harris's work he suggested importance of Harris's work he suggested importance of Harris's work he suggested to Westinghouse that they purchase the to Westinghouse that they purchase the to Westinghouse that they purchase the US Patent options so panta Leonia was US Patent options so panta Leonia was US Patent options so panta Leonia was sent to Italy he paid 5,000 Franks or sent to Italy he paid 5,000 Franks or sent to Italy he paid 5,000 Franks or about $1,000 for the rights the time was

about $1,000 for the rights the time was about $1,000 for the rights the time was running out the Tesla people would not running out the Tesla people would not running out the Tesla people would not wait forever Westinghouse wrote Kerr I wait forever Westinghouse wrote Kerr I wait forever Westinghouse wrote Kerr I been thinking over this motor question been thinking over this motor question been thinking over this motor question very considerably and am of the opinion very considerably and am of the opinion very considerably and am of the opinion that if Tesla has a number of that if Tesla has a number of that if Tesla has a number of applications pending in the patent applications pending in the patent applications pending in the patent office he will be able to cover broadly office he will be able to cover broadly office he will be able to cover broadly the apparatus that shenberger was the apparatus that shenberger was the apparatus that shenberger was experimenting with and that Stanley experimenting with and that Stanley experimenting with and that Stanley thought he had invented it is more than thought he had invented it is more than thought he had invented it is more than likely that he will be able to carry his likely that he will be able to carry his likely that he will be able to carry his date of invention back sufficient time date of invention back sufficient time date of invention back sufficient time to seriously interfere with Ferraris and to seriously interfere with Ferraris and to seriously interfere with Ferraris and that our investment there will probably that our investment there will probably that our investment there will probably prove a bad one if the Tesla patents are prove a bad one if the Tesla patents are prove a bad one if the Tesla patents are broad enough to control the alternating broad enough to control the alternating broad enough to control the alternating motor business then the Westinghouse motor business then the Westinghouse motor business then the Westinghouse electric company cannot afford to have electric company cannot afford to have electric company cannot afford to have others own the others own the others own the patents concerning the sticky point of patents concerning the sticky point of patents concerning the sticky point of royalties which the Tesla Syndicate royalties which the Tesla Syndicate royalties which the Tesla Syndicate placed at the audacious figure of $250 placed at the audacious figure of $250 placed at the audacious figure of $250 cents per watt Westinghouse wrote the cents per watt Westinghouse wrote the cents per watt Westinghouse wrote the price seems rather high but if it is the price seems rather high but if it is the price seems rather high but if it is the only method for operating a motor by the only method for operating a motor by the only method for operating a motor by the alternating current and if it is alternating current and if it is alternating current and if it is applicable to street car work we can applicable to street car work we can applicable to street car work we can unquestionably easily get from the users unquestionably easily get from the users unquestionably easily get from the users of the apparatus whatever tax is put of the apparatus whatever tax is put of the apparatus whatever tax is put upon it by the upon it by the upon it by the inventors thus in no uncertain terms inventors thus in no uncertain terms inventors thus in no uncertain terms Westinghouse writes here the portentous Westinghouse writes here the portentous Westinghouse writes here the portentous statement that royalty payments could be statement that royalty payments could be statement that royalty payments could be passed on to customers a concept he passed on to customers a concept he passed on to customers a concept he would be forced later to conveniently would be forced later to conveniently would be forced later to conveniently overlook six induction at Pittsburgh

six induction at Pittsburgh 1889 my first impression was that of a 1889 my first impression was that of a 1889 my first impression was that of a man with tremendous potential energy of man with tremendous potential energy of man with tremendous potential energy of which only part had taken kinetic form which only part had taken kinetic form which only part had taken kinetic form but even to a superficial Observer the but even to a superficial Observer the but even to a superficial Observer the latent force was latent force was latent force was manifest a powerful frame well manifest a powerful frame well manifest a powerful frame well proportioned with every joint in working proportioned with every joint in working proportioned with every joint in working order an eye as clear as Crystal a quick order an eye as clear as Crystal a quick order an eye as clear as Crystal a quick and springy step he presented a rare and springy step he presented a rare and springy step he presented a rare example of health and strength like a example of health and strength like a example of health and strength like a lion in a forest he breathed deep and lion in a forest he breathed deep and lion in a forest he breathed deep and with delight the Smoky air of his with delight the Smoky air of his with delight the Smoky air of his factories Nicola Tesla on George factories Nicola Tesla on George factories Nicola Tesla on George Westinghouse although George Westinghouse although George Westinghouse although George Westinghouse had made his fortune with Westinghouse had made his fortune with Westinghouse had made his fortune with the invention of air brakes for trains the invention of air brakes for trains the invention of air brakes for trains he was not just a railroad man he was a he was not just a railroad man he was a he was not just a railroad man he was a descendant of the aristocratic Russian descendant of the aristocratic Russian descendant of the aristocratic Russian Von fisting housing family his father Von fisting housing family his father Von fisting housing family his father was also an inventor with six was also an inventor with six was also an inventor with six fundamental patents of farming machinery fundamental patents of farming machinery fundamental patents of farming machinery with his brother Henry who later became with his brother Henry who later became with his brother Henry who later became his partner George early on was his partner George early on was his partner George early on was introduced to such devices as the introduced to such devices as the introduced to such devices as the battery and the sparking Laden jar a battery and the sparking Laden jar a battery and the sparking Laden jar a glass jar lined with foil and used for glass jar lined with foil and used for glass jar lined with foil and used for storing an electric charge having been a storing an electric charge having been a storing an electric charge having been a Cavalry boy and later a Navy engineer Cavalry boy and later a Navy engineer Cavalry boy and later a Navy engineer during the Civil War George Westinghouse during the Civil War George Westinghouse during the Civil War George Westinghouse had experience and vision he knew that had experience and vision he knew that had experience and vision he knew that the future was in the future was in the future was in electricity in Late July 1888 Tesla took electricity in Late July 1888 Tesla took electricity in Late July 1888 Tesla took a train to Pittsburgh to meet with a train to Pittsburgh to meet with a train to Pittsburgh to meet with George Westinghouse and finalize the George Westinghouse and finalize the George Westinghouse and finalize the sale of his patents it may have been the

sale of his patents it may have been the sale of his patents it may have been the middle of summer but oddly the inventor middle of summer but oddly the inventor middle of summer but oddly the inventor welcomed the intense heat he looked welcomed the intense heat he looked welcomed the intense heat he looked forward to the meeting considerable in forward to the meeting considerable in forward to the meeting considerable in stature with a warus sized mustache stature with a warus sized mustache stature with a warus sized mustache Jester A Arthur cburns and a remarkable Jester A Arthur cburns and a remarkable Jester A Arthur cburns and a remarkable wife of equal proportion who wore a wife of equal proportion who wore a wife of equal proportion who wore a bustle that jutted 3 feet to the rear bustle that jutted 3 feet to the rear bustle that jutted 3 feet to the rear Westinghouse greeted the lanky inventor Westinghouse greeted the lanky inventor Westinghouse greeted the lanky inventor a gous man George Westinghouse subsumed a gous man George Westinghouse subsumed a gous man George Westinghouse subsumed those around him with his geniality and those around him with his geniality and those around him with his geniality and unbounded confidence he took Tesla to unbounded confidence he took Tesla to unbounded confidence he took Tesla to his home and then on a tour of the plant his home and then on a tour of the plant his home and then on a tour of the plant with nearly 400 employees westinghouse's with nearly 400 employees westinghouse's with nearly 400 employees westinghouse's electric company was mainly producing electric company was mainly producing electric company was mainly producing alternators Transformers and accessories alternators Transformers and accessories alternators Transformers and accessories for equipping Central stations for for equipping Central stations for for equipping Central stations for supplying incandescent lighting Barrel supplying incandescent lighting Barrel supplying incandescent lighting Barrel chested and physically expansive chested and physically expansive chested and physically expansive Westinghouse counterbalanced in Westinghouse counterbalanced in Westinghouse counterbalanced in appearance the spindle legged Foreigner appearance the spindle legged Foreigner appearance the spindle legged Foreigner who walked as straight as an arrow with who walked as straight as an arrow with who walked as straight as an arrow with his head erect but with a preoccupied his head erect but with a preoccupied his head erect but with a preoccupied air as if new combinations were air as if new combinations were air as if new combinations were crystallizing in his brain Tesla said crystallizing in his brain Tesla said crystallizing in his brain Tesla said though past 40 then Westinghouse still though past 40 then Westinghouse still though past 40 then Westinghouse still had the enthusiasm of Youth always had the enthusiasm of Youth always had the enthusiasm of Youth always smiling affable and polite he stood in smiling affable and polite he stood in smiling affable and polite he stood in marked contrast to the Rough and Ready marked contrast to the Rough and Ready marked contrast to the Rough and Ready men I met not one word which would have men I met not one word which would have men I met not one word which would have been objectionable not a gesture which been objectionable not a gesture which been objectionable not a gesture which might have offended one could imagine might have offended one could imagine might have offended one could imagine him as moving in the atmosphere of a him as moving in the atmosphere of a him as moving in the atmosphere of a court so perfect was his bearing in court so perfect was his bearing in court so perfect was his bearing in Manner and speech and yet no fiercer

Manner and speech and yet no fiercer Manner and speech and yet no fiercer adversary than Westinghouse could have adversary than Westinghouse could have adversary than Westinghouse could have been found when he was aroused an been found when he was aroused an been found when he was aroused an athlete in ordinary life he was athlete in ordinary life he was athlete in ordinary life he was transformed into a giant when confronted transformed into a giant when confronted transformed into a giant when confronted with difficulties which seemed with difficulties which seemed with difficulties which seemed unsurmountable he enjoyed the struggle unsurmountable he enjoyed the struggle unsurmountable he enjoyed the struggle and never lost confidence when others and never lost confidence when others and never lost confidence when others would give up in despair he Triumph would give up in despair he Triumph would give up in despair he Triumph known for his foresight and courage known for his foresight and courage known for his foresight and courage Westinghouse had already quadrupled the Westinghouse had already quadrupled the Westinghouse had already quadrupled the sales of his electric company from sales of his electric company from sales of his electric company from $800,000 in 1887 to over3 million in $800,000 in 1887 to over3 million in $800,000 in 1887 to over3 million in 1888 even though he was in the midst of 1888 even though he was in the midst of 1888 even though he was in the midst of expensive legal and propaganda battles expensive legal and propaganda battles expensive legal and propaganda battles with Edison extraordinary in his ability with Edison extraordinary in his ability with Edison extraordinary in his ability to generate enthusiasm in his workers to generate enthusiasm in his workers to generate enthusiasm in his workers and a decisive Man of Action he and a decisive Man of Action he and a decisive Man of Action he immediately gained the respect of those immediately gained the respect of those immediately gained the respect of those he met particularly Nicola Tesla he met particularly Nicola Tesla he met particularly Nicola Tesla Westinghouse offered Tesla $5,000 in Westinghouse offered Tesla $5,000 in Westinghouse offered Tesla $5,000 in cash for a 60-day option $110,000 at the cash for a 60-day option $110,000 at the cash for a 60-day option $110,000 at the end of the option if they elected to end of the option if they elected to end of the option if they elected to purchase the patents three notes of purchase the patents three notes of purchase the patents three notes of $20,000 at 6month intervals $20,000 at 6month intervals $20,000 at 6month intervals $2.50 per watt in royalties and 200 $2.50 per watt in royalties and 200 $2.50 per watt in royalties and 200 shares of stock in the Westinghouse shares of stock in the Westinghouse shares of stock in the Westinghouse company minimum payment on the royalties company minimum payment on the royalties company minimum payment on the royalties was calculated at $5,000 for the first was calculated at $5,000 for the first was calculated at $5,000 for the first year $10,000 for the second year and year $10,000 for the second year and year $10,000 for the second year and $155,000 for each succeeding year $155,000 for each succeeding year $155,000 for each succeeding year thereafter during the life of the thereafter during the life of the thereafter during the life of the patents Westinghouse also agreed to pay patents Westinghouse also agreed to pay patents Westinghouse also agreed to pay for any legal expenses in litigation on for any legal expenses in litigation on for any legal expenses in litigation on priority issues but a clause for

priority issues but a clause for priority issues but a clause for lowering payments was added should any lowering payments was added should any lowering payments was added should any suits be lost calculated out for 15 suits be lost calculated out for 15 suits be lost calculated out for 15 years this figure minus the stock came years this figure minus the stock came years this figure minus the stock came to to to $75,000 in initial outlays and $75,000 in initial outlays and $75,000 in initial outlays and $180,000 in royalty payments or $180,000 in royalty payments or $180,000 in royalty payments or approximately $255,000 Tesla owned 49ths of his $255,000 Tesla owned 49ths of his company the balance shared by peek and company the balance shared by peek and company the balance shared by peek and brown presumably 3 9ths to the former brown presumably 3 9ths to the former brown presumably 3 9ths to the former partner and 29s to the latter concerning partner and 29s to the latter concerning partner and 29s to the latter concerning total amounts paid out by Westinghouse total amounts paid out by Westinghouse total amounts paid out by Westinghouse Tesla also referred to European patents Tesla also referred to European patents Tesla also referred to European patents especially in England and Germany thus especially in England and Germany thus especially in England and Germany thus it's hard to determine exactly how much it's hard to determine exactly how much it's hard to determine exactly how much Tesla received for his 40 patents Tesla received for his 40 patents Tesla received for his 40 patents Westinghouse was not only getting a Westinghouse was not only getting a Westinghouse was not only getting a simple induction motor but also a simple induction motor but also a simple induction motor but also a variety of synchronous and load variety of synchronous and load variety of synchronous and load dependent Motors as well as armatures dependent Motors as well as armatures dependent Motors as well as armatures turbines regulators and dynamos Tesla turbines regulators and dynamos Tesla turbines regulators and dynamos Tesla may have sold additional inventions may have sold additional inventions may have sold additional inventions later on in separate agreements the later on in separate agreements the later on in separate agreements the value of his stockholding is also value of his stockholding is also value of his stockholding is also unclear a decade later Tesla wrote to unclear a decade later Tesla wrote to unclear a decade later Tesla wrote to another financier John Jacob Aster that another financier John Jacob Aster that another financier John Jacob Aster that Mr Westinghouse agreed to pay for my Mr Westinghouse agreed to pay for my Mr Westinghouse agreed to pay for my rotating field patents about rotating field patents about rotating field patents about $500,000 and despite hard times he has $500,000 and despite hard times he has $500,000 and despite hard times he has lived up to every cent of his obligation lived up to every cent of his obligation lived up to every cent of his obligation since Tesla was trying to raise money since Tesla was trying to raise money since Tesla was trying to raise money from Aster he may have exaggerated the from Aster he may have exaggerated the from Aster he may have exaggerated the sum 2 years earlier electrical review

sum 2 years earlier electrical review sum 2 years earlier electrical review noted that the westing house annual noted that the westing house annual noted that the westing house annual report listed the purchase of the report listed the purchase of the report listed the purchase of the patents at patents at patents at $266,000 which is a figure that $266,000 which is a figure that $266,000 which is a figure that corresponds roughly to the billsby corresponds roughly to the billsby corresponds roughly to the billsby memorandum above minus a few years worth memorandum above minus a few years worth memorandum above minus a few years worth of royalty payments if this was the case of royalty payments if this was the case of royalty payments if this was the case then Tesla probably received for himself then Tesla probably received for himself then Tesla probably received for himself about half that figure or about half that figure or about half that figure or $100,000 the entire amount paid in $100,000 the entire amount paid in $100,000 the entire amount paid in installments during the years 1888 to installments during the years 1888 to installments during the years 1888 to 97 during the negotiations Tesla agreed 97 during the negotiations Tesla agreed 97 during the negotiations Tesla agreed to move to Pittsburgh to help develop to move to Pittsburgh to help develop to move to Pittsburgh to help develop his motor it's quite possible that he his motor it's quite possible that he his motor it's quite possible that he received no salary for his stay there received no salary for his stay there received no salary for his stay there for he had a peculiar principle ever for he had a peculiar principle ever for he had a peculiar principle ever since I devoted myself to Scientific since I devoted myself to Scientific since I devoted myself to Scientific laboratory research never to accept fees laboratory research never to accept fees laboratory research never to accept fees or compensations for Professional or compensations for Professional or compensations for Professional Services Services Services Tesla had been paid for his patents and Tesla had been paid for his patents and Tesla had been paid for his patents and was receiving royalties or payments was receiving royalties or payments was receiving royalties or payments against royalties so there was an income against royalties so there was an income against royalties so there was an income further evidence that no additional further evidence that no additional further evidence that no additional daily or weekly compensation was daily or weekly compensation was daily or weekly compensation was received is implied in a signed received is implied in a signed received is implied in a signed agreement by George Westinghouse dated agreement by George Westinghouse dated agreement by George Westinghouse dated July the 27th 1889 substantiating that July the 27th 1889 substantiating that July the 27th 1889 substantiating that Tesla worked in Pittsburgh for one year Tesla worked in Pittsburgh for one year Tesla worked in Pittsburgh for one year and that during that time he was paid and that during that time he was paid and that during that time he was paid with 150 shares of Capital stock in with 150 shares of Capital stock in with 150 shares of Capital stock in return return return Tesla promised to assign any patents to Tesla promised to assign any patents to Tesla promised to assign any patents to the Westinghouse company which were the Westinghouse company which were the Westinghouse company which were directly related to the development of directly related to the development of directly related to the development of his induction motor patents other his induction motor patents other his induction motor patents other compensation was received from compensation was received from compensation was received from Westinghouse however for other

Westinghouse however for other Westinghouse however for other contributions for instance when Tesla contributions for instance when Tesla contributions for instance when Tesla discovered that besser steel created a discovered that besser steel created a discovered that besser steel created a vastly superior Transformer than ones vastly superior Transformer than ones vastly superior Transformer than ones made out of soft iron Tesla was paid made out of soft iron Tesla was paid made out of soft iron Tesla was paid approximately $10,000 for the idea Tesla approximately $10,000 for the idea Tesla approximately $10,000 for the idea Tesla gave up his garden apartment in New York gave up his garden apartment in New York gave up his garden apartment in New York and moved in into one of several hotels and moved in into one of several hotels and moved in into one of several hotels in Pittsburgh including the Metropolitan in Pittsburgh including the Metropolitan in Pittsburgh including the Metropolitan the duaine and the Anderson Hotel living the duaine and the Anderson Hotel living the duaine and the Anderson Hotel living would become a lifestyle which he never would become a lifestyle which he never would become a lifestyle which he never departed from his talk just two months departed from his talk just two months departed from his talk just two months old had already catapulted him to fame old had already catapulted him to fame old had already catapulted him to fame about the middle of August 1888 in the about the middle of August 1888 in the about the middle of August 1888 in the westing house testing room at Pittsburgh westing house testing room at Pittsburgh westing house testing room at Pittsburgh Charles Scott his assistant to be Charles Scott his assistant to be Charles Scott his assistant to be remembered I just come with the company remembered I just come with the company remembered I just come with the company and was assistant to e spuna who was and was assistant to e spuna who was and was assistant to e spuna who was running the Dynamo's testing room at running the Dynamo's testing room at running the Dynamo's testing room at night he called me and said there comes night he called me and said there comes night he called me and said there comes Tesla I had heard of Tesla Scott Tesla I had heard of Tesla Scott Tesla I had heard of Tesla Scott continued having read Tesla's paper on continued having read Tesla's paper on continued having read Tesla's paper on the polyphase induction motor which my the polyphase induction motor which my the polyphase induction motor which my former college professor had pronounced former college professor had pronounced former college professor had pronounced as a complete solution of the motor as a complete solution of the motor as a complete solution of the motor problem now I was to see Tesla himself problem now I was to see Tesla himself problem now I was to see Tesla himself fair-haired with round rimless glasses fair-haired with round rimless glasses fair-haired with round rimless glasses Scott had only learned that there was Scott had only learned that there was Scott had only learned that there was such a thing as alternating current the such a thing as alternating current the such a thing as alternating current the summer before in summer before in summer before in 1887 I had graduated from college 2 1887 I had graduated from college 2 1887 I had graduated from college 2 years earlier and I wondered why I'd not years earlier and I wondered why I'd not years earlier and I wondered why I'd not heard of such things from my professors heard of such things from my professors heard of such things from my professors his only introduction was an electrical his only introduction was an electrical his only introduction was an electrical World article by William Stanley which World article by William Stanley which World article by William Stanley which was a fascinating key to many Mysteries

was a fascinating key to many Mysteries was a fascinating key to many Mysteries now a year later he was to meet Nicola now a year later he was to meet Nicola now a year later he was to meet Nicola Tesla the man who so elegantly solved Tesla the man who so elegantly solved Tesla the man who so elegantly solved all the puzzles proposed by Stanley all the puzzles proposed by Stanley all the puzzles proposed by Stanley there he came marching down the aisle there he came marching down the aisle there he came marching down the aisle with Head and Shoulders erect and with a with Head and Shoulders erect and with a with Head and Shoulders erect and with a twinkle in his eye it was a great moment twinkle in his eye it was a great moment twinkle in his eye it was a great moment for me Scott who later became an for me Scott who later became an for me Scott who later became an engineering professor at Yale University engineering professor at Yale University engineering professor at Yale University was Tesla's wian in preparing and making was Tesla's wian in preparing and making was Tesla's wian in preparing and making tests there was a splendid opportunity tests there was a splendid opportunity tests there was a splendid opportunity for a beginner this coming in contact for a beginner this coming in contact for a beginner this coming in contact with a man of such Eminence rich in with a man of such Eminence rich in with a man of such Eminence rich in ideas kindly and friendly and ideas kindly and friendly and ideas kindly and friendly and disposition Tesla's fertile imagination disposition Tesla's fertile imagination disposition Tesla's fertile imagination often constructed Air Castles which often constructed Air Castles which often constructed Air Castles which seemed prodigious but I doubt whether seemed prodigious but I doubt whether seemed prodigious but I doubt whether ever his extravagant expectations for ever his extravagant expectations for ever his extravagant expectations for the toy motor of those days measured up the toy motor of those days measured up the toy motor of those days measured up to actual realization to actual realization to actual realization for the polyface system which it for the polyface system which it for the polyface system which it inaugurated exceeded the wildest dreams inaugurated exceeded the wildest dreams inaugurated exceeded the wildest dreams of the early days Scott was not only of the early days Scott was not only of the early days Scott was not only Tesla's assistant as time went on and Tesla's assistant as time went on and Tesla's assistant as time went on and against the opinion of many colleagues against the opinion of many colleagues against the opinion of many colleagues he became a champion of Tesla's cuse a he became a champion of Tesla's cuse a he became a champion of Tesla's cuse a bearer of the truth that is that Tesla bearer of the truth that is that Tesla bearer of the truth that is that Tesla was the inventor of the induction motor was the inventor of the induction motor was the inventor of the induction motor another staunch supporter was Swiss another staunch supporter was Swiss another staunch supporter was Swiss immigrant Albert Schmidt co-author of immigrant Albert Schmidt co-author of immigrant Albert Schmidt co-author of two AC patents with Tesla even though two AC patents with Tesla even though two AC patents with Tesla even though Westinghouse himself was also an ally Westinghouse himself was also an ally Westinghouse himself was also an ally there was a bevy of other workers who there was a bevy of other workers who there was a bevy of other workers who tried seriously to strip Tesla of the tried seriously to strip Tesla of the tried seriously to strip Tesla of the crown major adversaries of the early crown major adversaries of the early crown major adversaries of the early period included Oliver schellenberger period included Oliver schellenberger period included Oliver schellenberger inventor of the AC meter and his inventor of the AC meter and his inventor of the AC meter and his helpmate leis B Stillwell inventor of

helpmate leis B Stillwell inventor of helpmate leis B Stillwell inventor of the still will booster which operated the still will booster which operated the still will booster which operated somewhat like the Tesla coil at a later somewhat like the Tesla coil at a later somewhat like the Tesla coil at a later period the key antagonist was Andrew W period the key antagonist was Andrew W period the key antagonist was Andrew W Robertson Westing House's chief Robertson Westing House's chief Robertson Westing House's chief executive officer yet another opponent executive officer yet another opponent executive officer yet another opponent was William Stanley the first American was William Stanley the first American was William Stanley the first American to have ever successfully instituted an to have ever successfully instituted an to have ever successfully instituted an AC system in the country Stanley had AC system in the country Stanley had AC system in the country Stanley had split off from the Westinghouse split off from the Westinghouse split off from the Westinghouse Corporation Circa 1892 to 93 in order to sell his own polyphase to 93 in order to sell his own polyphase motors which were clear patent motors which were clear patent motors which were clear patent infringements on the Tesla system this infringements on the Tesla system this infringements on the Tesla system this position was supported by the courts a position was supported by the courts a position was supported by the courts a few years later and Stanley was forced few years later and Stanley was forced few years later and Stanley was forced to purchase the Tesla motors from to purchase the Tesla motors from to purchase the Tesla motors from Westinghouse to Fathom the depth of Westinghouse to Fathom the depth of Westinghouse to Fathom the depth of hostility that existed within the hostility that existed within the hostility that existed within the Westinghouse Camp against Tesla one need Westinghouse Camp against Tesla one need Westinghouse Camp against Tesla one need only read Lewis B Stillwell's chapter on only read Lewis B Stillwell's chapter on only read Lewis B Stillwell's chapter on the history of alternating current the history of alternating current the history of alternating current written 40 years after the fact in a written 40 years after the fact in a written 40 years after the fact in a text entitled George Westinghouse text entitled George Westinghouse text entitled George Westinghouse commemoration edited by Charles Scott commemoration edited by Charles Scott commemoration edited by Charles Scott the book was widely distributed by the the book was widely distributed by the the book was widely distributed by the corporation and reissued in corporation and reissued in corporation and reissued in 1985 in the introduction to still Will's 1985 in the introduction to still Will's 1985 in the introduction to still Will's chapter it is recounted chapter it is recounted chapter it is recounted how wisting house brought the goar Gibb how wisting house brought the goar Gibb how wisting house brought the goar Gibb system to America how it was modified system to America how it was modified system to America how it was modified and then given practical demonstrations and then given practical demonstrations and then given practical demonstrations by Stanley and what has happened since by Stanley and what has happened since by Stanley and what has happened since in 1888 came schonberg's Brilliant in 1888 came schonberg's Brilliant in 1888 came schonberg's Brilliant Invention of the induction meter in the

Invention of the induction meter in the Invention of the induction meter in the same year Nicola Tesla was granted his same year Nicola Tesla was granted his same year Nicola Tesla was granted his United States patents covering the United States patents covering the United States patents covering the polyphase motor and system Westinghouse polyphase motor and system Westinghouse polyphase motor and system Westinghouse promptly secured the American rights promptly secured the American rights promptly secured the American rights Tesla came to Pittsburgh to develop his Tesla came to Pittsburgh to develop his Tesla came to Pittsburgh to develop his motor he made vain attempts to adapt it motor he made vain attempts to adapt it motor he made vain attempts to adapt it to the existing singlephase to the existing singlephase to the existing singlephase 133 cycle circuits the obvious 133 cycle circuits the obvious 133 cycle circuits the obvious advantages of direct connection of advantages of direct connection of advantages of direct connection of engines and generators called for a engines and generators called for a engines and generators called for a lower frequency two were selected as lower frequency two were selected as lower frequency two were selected as standard namely 60 cycles for General standard namely 60 cycles for General standard namely 60 cycles for General use and 30 cycles for conversion into use and 30 cycles for conversion into use and 30 cycles for conversion into direct current if we analyze the direct current if we analyze the direct current if we analyze the structure of this still will quote we structure of this still will quote we structure of this still will quote we note that although the topic sentence note that although the topic sentence note that although the topic sentence refers to shellenberger the entire refers to shellenberger the entire refers to shellenberger the entire paragraph is about Tesla the word paragraph is about Tesla the word paragraph is about Tesla the word brilliant is used to describe an brilliant is used to describe an brilliant is used to describe an accidental discovery that a spring accidental discovery that a spring accidental discovery that a spring reacted to alternating currents when no reacted to alternating currents when no reacted to alternating currents when no adjective is used to describe the adjective is used to describe the adjective is used to describe the inventor of an entire power system Tesla inventor of an entire power system Tesla inventor of an entire power system Tesla refers to the same situation in his refers to the same situation in his refers to the same situation in his autobiography my system was based on the autobiography my system was based on the autobiography my system was based on the use of low frequency currents and the use of low frequency currents and the use of low frequency currents and the Westinghouse experts had adopted 133 Westinghouse experts had adopted 133 Westinghouse experts had adopted 133 Cycles with the object of securing Cycles with the object of securing Cycles with the object of securing advantages in transformation because advantages in transformation because advantages in transformation because their goar give system operated at that their goar give system operated at that their goar give system operated at that frequency they did not want to depart frequency they did not want to depart frequency they did not want to depart from the standard form of apparatus and from the standard form of apparatus and from the standard form of apparatus and my efforts had to be concentrated upon my efforts had to be concentrated upon my efforts had to be concentrated upon adapting the motor to their conditions adapting the motor to their conditions adapting the motor to their conditions with 120 power plants set up at 133 with 120 power plants set up at 133 with 120 power plants set up at 133 cycles per second one can understand the

cycles per second one can understand the cycles per second one can understand the predicament Tesla was placed in since predicament Tesla was placed in since predicament Tesla was placed in since schomburg's meter was compatible with schomburg's meter was compatible with schomburg's meter was compatible with the prevailing 133 cycle single circuit the prevailing 133 cycle single circuit the prevailing 133 cycle single circuit it appeared logical that Tesla's it appeared logical that Tesla's it appeared logical that Tesla's polyphase motor could be made compatible polyphase motor could be made compatible polyphase motor could be made compatible as well in December 1888 Edison's as well in December 1888 Edison's as well in December 1888 Edison's propaganda battle against Westinghouse propaganda battle against Westinghouse propaganda battle against Westinghouse peaked when Edison began to allow HP peaked when Edison began to allow HP peaked when Edison began to allow HP Brown who was not an Edison employee to Brown who was not an Edison employee to Brown who was not an Edison employee to come to his menow Park laboratory in come to his menow Park laboratory in come to his menow Park laboratory in order to electrocute various animals order to electrocute various animals order to electrocute various animals with AC a few months earlier Brown had with AC a few months earlier Brown had with AC a few months earlier Brown had experimented in electrocuting animals at experimented in electrocuting animals at experimented in electrocuting animals at the School of Mines at the vision of the School of Mines at the vision of the School of Mines at the vision of Columbia University in New York City Columbia University in New York City Columbia University in New York City Brown an electrical engineer who lived Brown an electrical engineer who lived Brown an electrical engineer who lived on 54th Street had become upset over the on 54th Street had become upset over the on 54th Street had become upset over the many accidental deaths of his colleagues many accidental deaths of his colleagues many accidental deaths of his colleagues he had collected a list of over 80 he had collected a list of over 80 he had collected a list of over 80 casualties and although many of the men casualties and although many of the men casualties and although many of the men died because of DC Brown decided that AC died because of DC Brown decided that AC died because of DC Brown decided that AC was the real culprit within 2 years was the real culprit within 2 years was the real culprit within 2 years Brown began to manufacture electric Brown began to manufacture electric Brown began to manufacture electric chairs for various prisons which he sold chairs for various prisons which he sold chairs for various prisons which he sold for for for $1,600 he also planned to get paid to be $1,600 he also planned to get paid to be $1,600 he also planned to get paid to be the Executioner during the summer of the Executioner during the summer of the Executioner during the summer of 1888 the New York Times reported that he 1888 the New York Times reported that he 1888 the New York Times reported that he tortured and electrocuted a dog first tortured and electrocuted a dog first tortured and electrocuted a dog first trying continuous currents at a force of trying continuous currents at a force of trying continuous currents at a force of 300 volts when the shock came the dog 300 volts when the shock came the dog 300 volts when the shock came the dog yelped at 700 volts he broke his muzzle yelped at 700 volts he broke his muzzle yelped at 700 volts he broke his muzzle and nearly freed himself he was tied and nearly freed himself he was tied and nearly freed himself he was tied again at 100,000 his body contorted in

again at 100,000 his body contorted in again at 100,000 his body contorted in pain we will have less trouble when we pain we will have less trouble when we pain we will have less trouble when we try alternating current Mr Brown said it try alternating current Mr Brown said it try alternating current Mr Brown said it was proposed that he put the dog out of was proposed that he put the dog out of was proposed that he put the dog out of its misery at once its misery at once its misery at once this was done on an alternating current this was done on an alternating current this was done on an alternating current of 300 volts killing the Beast a number of 300 volts killing the Beast a number of 300 volts killing the Beast a number of cities had adopted electricution to of cities had adopted electricution to of cities had adopted electricution to rid the streets of unwanted canines but rid the streets of unwanted canines but rid the streets of unwanted canines but the state of New York went a step the state of New York went a step the state of New York went a step further and set up a commission in 1886 further and set up a commission in 1886 further and set up a commission in 1886 to report on the most Humane method of to report on the most Humane method of to report on the most Humane method of capital punishment under the aices of capital punishment under the aices of capital punishment under the aices of the Medico legal Society of New York the Medico legal Society of New York the Medico legal Society of New York Brown arose as Chief Brown arose as Chief Brown arose as Chief spokesman William kemler a hooligan who spokesman William kemler a hooligan who spokesman William kemler a hooligan who had act his mystress to death became the had act his mystress to death became the had act his mystress to death became the test case for the use of electricity as test case for the use of electricity as test case for the use of electricity as a means of capital punishment ostensibly a means of capital punishment ostensibly a means of capital punishment ostensibly because the westing house Motors could because the westing house Motors could because the westing house Motors could produce the more deadly frequency Brown produce the more deadly frequency Brown produce the more deadly frequency Brown surreptitiously purchased some working surreptitiously purchased some working surreptitiously purchased some working models in order to continue his gruesome models in order to continue his gruesome models in order to continue his gruesome experiments naturally Westinghouse was experiments naturally Westinghouse was experiments naturally Westinghouse was upset over the devastating publicity he upset over the devastating publicity he upset over the devastating publicity he and Tesla faced the possibility that the and Tesla faced the possibility that the and Tesla faced the possibility that the new AC polyphase system might never new AC polyphase system might never new AC polyphase system might never succeed in competition with existing AC succeed in competition with existing AC succeed in competition with existing AC and DC Technologies as both former and DC Technologies as both former and DC Technologies as both former systems required much lower systems required much lower systems required much lower voltages as brown prepared to experiment voltages as brown prepared to experiment voltages as brown prepared to experiment with larger animals in order to assure with larger animals in order to assure with larger animals in order to assure the commission that electricity could the commission that electricity could the commission that electricity could kill criminals in a humane way the cemer kill criminals in a humane way the cemer kill criminals in a humane way the cemer trial proceeded to question various trial proceeded to question various trial proceeded to question various electrical experts on the use of the electrical experts on the use of the electrical experts on the use of the Westinghouse currents for the electric

Westinghouse currents for the electric Westinghouse currents for the electric chair Edison saw the controvery as a chair Edison saw the controvery as a chair Edison saw the controvery as a slick way to capitalize on the campaign slick way to capitalize on the campaign slick way to capitalize on the campaign against Westinghouse and the new Tesla against Westinghouse and the new Tesla against Westinghouse and the new Tesla technology technology technology Edison's scheme for electrical execution Edison's scheme for electrical execution Edison's scheme for electrical execution of criminals is the best so far of criminals is the best so far of criminals is the best so far presented he proposes to manle the presented he proposes to manle the presented he proposes to manle the wrists with chain wrists with chain wrists with chain connections place the culprit hands in a connections place the culprit hands in a connections place the culprit hands in a jar of water diluted with costic poach jar of water diluted with costic poach jar of water diluted with costic poach and connected therein to a th000 volts and connected therein to a th000 volts and connected therein to a th000 volts of alternating current place the black of alternating current place the black of alternating current place the black cap on The Condemned and at a proper cap on The Condemned and at a proper cap on The Condemned and at a proper time close the circuit the shark passes time close the circuit the shark passes time close the circuit the shark passes through both arms the heart and the base through both arms the heart and the base through both arms the heart and the base of the brain and death is instantaneous of the brain and death is instantaneous of the brain and death is instantaneous and and and painless able to fuel his Vendetta painless able to fuel his Vendetta painless able to fuel his Vendetta Edison provided access to his famous Edison provided access to his famous Edison provided access to his famous laboratory for brown to Westinghouse 24 laboratory for brown to Westinghouse 24 laboratory for brown to Westinghouse 24 dogs which he purchased from the local dogs which he purchased from the local dogs which he purchased from the local children at 25 cents a piece Edison also children at 25 cents a piece Edison also children at 25 cents a piece Edison also Westing housed two carves and a horse Westing housed two carves and a horse Westing housed two carves and a horse perturbed George Westinghouse wrote a perturbed George Westinghouse wrote a perturbed George Westinghouse wrote a letter of appeal to the New York Times letter of appeal to the New York Times letter of appeal to the New York Times which stated that AC was no more which stated that AC was no more which stated that AC was no more dangerous than DC since people have been dangerous than DC since people have been dangerous than DC since people have been shocked and injured by DC as well shocked and injured by DC as well shocked and injured by DC as well Westinghouse assured the public of the Westinghouse assured the public of the Westinghouse assured the public of the safety of his system so Brown also in safety of his system so Brown also in safety of his system so Brown also in the times challenged westing house a few the times challenged westing house a few the times challenged westing house a few days later to meet me in the presence of days later to meet me in the presence of days later to meet me in the presence of the competent electrical experts and the competent electrical experts and the competent electrical experts and take through his body the alternating take through his body the alternating take through his body the alternating current while I take through mine a current while I take through mine a current while I take through mine a continuous current the AG must have not continuous current the AG must have not continuous current the AG must have not less than 300 alternations per second on

less than 300 alternations per second on less than 300 alternations per second on July the 23rd 1889 Edison was questioned July the 23rd 1889 Edison was questioned July the 23rd 1889 Edison was questioned under oath by kem's attorney W Burke under oath by kem's attorney W Burke under oath by kem's attorney W Burke Cochran an Irish immigrant schooled in Cochran an Irish immigrant schooled in Cochran an Irish immigrant schooled in France in his second term in the House France in his second term in the House France in his second term in the House of of of Representatives having gained a Representatives having gained a Representatives having gained a reputation locally for fighting tamon reputation locally for fighting tamon reputation locally for fighting tamon Hall kran had also achieved National Hall kran had also achieved National Hall kran had also achieved National recognition as the boy orator but taking recognition as the boy orator but taking recognition as the boy orator but taking on William Jennings Brian's presidential on William Jennings Brian's presidential on William Jennings Brian's presidential opponent William McKinley in well- opponent William McKinley in well- opponent William McKinley in well- covered covered covered debates now he set his sights on debates now he set his sights on debates now he set his sights on tackling the wizard of Meno Park tackling the wizard of Meno Park tackling the wizard of Meno Park question has Harold P Brown any question has Harold P Brown any question has Harold P Brown any connection with yourself or the Edison connection with yourself or the Edison connection with yourself or the Edison Company Edison not that I know of Company Edison not that I know of Company Edison not that I know of question what would happen in case camer question what would happen in case camer question what would happen in case camer should be kept on the chair several should be kept on the chair several should be kept on the chair several minutes with the current working on him minutes with the current working on him minutes with the current working on him would he be would he be would he be carbonized Edison no he would be mummy carbonized Edison no he would be mummy carbonized Edison no he would be mummy ised question this is your belief not ised question this is your belief not ised question this is your belief not from from from knowledge Edison from belief I never knowledge Edison from belief I never knowledge Edison from belief I never killed any body finally Mr Cochran killed any body finally Mr Cochran killed any body finally Mr Cochran alluded to the Rivalry between the alluded to the Rivalry between the alluded to the Rivalry between the Edison and the westing house companies Edison and the westing house companies Edison and the westing house companies and asked Mr Edison if he loved Mr and asked Mr Edison if he loved Mr and asked Mr Edison if he loved Mr Westinghouse as a brother there was more Westinghouse as a brother there was more Westinghouse as a brother there was more than usual Stillness followed by than usual Stillness followed by than usual Stillness followed by Edison's answer I think Mr Westinghouse Edison's answer I think Mr Westinghouse Edison's answer I think Mr Westinghouse is a very able man Mr conran gave the is a very able man Mr conran gave the is a very able man Mr conran gave the wizard a light from his cigar stump he'd wizard a light from his cigar stump he'd wizard a light from his cigar stump he'd been chewing and dismissed him it would

been chewing and dismissed him it would been chewing and dismissed him it would be another full year before the actual be another full year before the actual be another full year before the actual execution took place but public opinion execution took place but public opinion execution took place but public opinion continued to run against the dangerous continued to run against the dangerous continued to run against the dangerous westing house current although Edison westing house current although Edison westing house current although Edison did not author the electric chair ideas did not author the electric chair ideas did not author the electric chair ideas he did everything he could to help the he did everything he could to help the he did everything he could to help the course providing his staff especially course providing his staff especially course providing his staff especially the ingenious AE Kennelly later a the ingenious AE Kennelly later a the ingenious AE Kennelly later a professor at Harvard to Aid Brown in professor at Harvard to Aid Brown in professor at Harvard to Aid Brown in addition he lent his name outcries began addition he lent his name outcries began addition he lent his name outcries began to appear in various periodical to appear in various periodical to appear in various periodical concerning the electrical executioners concerning the electrical executioners concerning the electrical executioners for example the following editorial was for example the following editorial was for example the following editorial was published in a number of the papers and published in a number of the papers and published in a number of the papers and journals journals journals it is hard to conceive of a more it is hard to conceive of a more it is hard to conceive of a more horrible experiment than that which will horrible experiment than that which will horrible experiment than that which will be made on kemer in a secret place he be made on kemer in a secret place he be made on kemer in a secret place he will be compelled to go through a will be compelled to go through a will be compelled to go through a process of mental and moral if not also process of mental and moral if not also process of mental and moral if not also bodily torture and nobody can tell how bodily torture and nobody can tell how bodily torture and nobody can tell how long it will last this ominous passage long it will last this ominous passage long it will last this ominous passage actually was not severe enough for the actually was not severe enough for the actually was not severe enough for the execution of chemla became a nightmare execution of chemla became a nightmare execution of chemla became a nightmare the job was completely bungled when the job was completely bungled when the job was completely bungled when after electrocution to the horror of all after electrocution to the horror of all after electrocution to the horror of all present the chest began a heave foam present the chest began a heave foam present the chest began a heave foam issued from the mouth and the man gave issued from the mouth and the man gave issued from the mouth and the man gave every evidence of every evidence of every evidence of Reviving the execution was likened to Reviving the execution was likened to Reviving the execution was likened to the work of Barbarians and torturers and the work of Barbarians and torturers and the work of Barbarians and torturers and to scenes worthy of the darkest chambers to scenes worthy of the darkest chambers to scenes worthy of the darkest chambers of the Inquisition of the 16th century of the Inquisition of the 16th century of the Inquisition of the 16th century one ey witness who was completely one ey witness who was completely one ey witness who was completely disgusted was Dr Jenkins who told the disgusted was Dr Jenkins who told the disgusted was Dr Jenkins who told the New York Times I would rather see 10 New York Times I would rather see 10 New York Times I would rather see 10 hangings than one such execution as this

hangings than one such execution as this hangings than one such execution as this top electricians were also interviewed top electricians were also interviewed top electricians were also interviewed are do not care to talk about it are do not care to talk about it are do not care to talk about it Westinghouse said it was a brutal affair Westinghouse said it was a brutal affair Westinghouse said it was a brutal affair they could have done better with an they could have done better with an they could have done better with an a even Edison was affected I have merely a even Edison was affected I have merely a even Edison was affected I have merely glanced over an account of kem's death glanced over an account of kem's death glanced over an account of kem's death he said and it's not pleasant reading he said and it's not pleasant reading he said and it's not pleasant reading one mistake in my opinion was in leaving one mistake in my opinion was in leaving one mistake in my opinion was in leaving everything to the doctors in the first everything to the doctors in the first everything to the doctors in the first place the hair on kem's head was place the hair on kem's head was place the hair on kem's head was non-conductive then the top of the head non-conductive then the top of the head non-conductive then the top of the head I do not believe a good place to give a I do not believe a good place to give a I do not believe a good place to give a shock the better way is to place the shock the better way is to place the shock the better way is to place the hands in a jar of water and to let the hands in a jar of water and to let the hands in a jar of water and to let the current be turned on there I think when current be turned on there I think when current be turned on there I think when the next man is placed in the chair to the next man is placed in the chair to the next man is placed in the chair to suffer the death penalty the death will suffer the death penalty the death will suffer the death penalty the death will be accomplished instantly and without be accomplished instantly and without be accomplished instantly and without the scenes at Orbin today although the scenes at Orbin today although the scenes at Orbin today although Westinghouse tried to distance himself Westinghouse tried to distance himself Westinghouse tried to distance himself from the nefarious Deeds his company from the nefarious Deeds his company from the nefarious Deeds his company still suffered greater damage than still suffered greater damage than still suffered greater damage than Edison's from a publicity standpoint Edison's from a publicity standpoint Edison's from a publicity standpoint because it was AC that was used to because it was AC that was used to because it was AC that was used to electrocute kemler Mass Hysteria electrocute kemler Mass Hysteria electrocute kemler Mass Hysteria threatened to overpower the attempt to threatened to overpower the attempt to threatened to overpower the attempt to Institute the new Tesla AC invention let Institute the new Tesla AC invention let Institute the new Tesla AC invention let alone the prevailing goar Gibbs AC alone the prevailing goar Gibbs AC alone the prevailing goar Gibbs AC system Tesla realized that eventually system Tesla realized that eventually system Tesla realized that eventually the company would have to come around to the company would have to come around to the company would have to come around to the lower frequencies if they wanted to the lower frequencies if they wanted to the lower frequencies if they wanted to use his creation but to his shock in use his creation but to his shock in use his creation but to his shock in 1890 the induction motorwork was 1890 the induction motorwork was 1890 the induction motorwork was abandoned Westinghouse let it be known abandoned Westinghouse let it be known abandoned Westinghouse let it be known that his hands were tied that his that his hands were tied that his that his hands were tied that his backers would not continue throwing tens

backers would not continue throwing tens backers would not continue throwing tens of thousands of dollars away on futile of thousands of dollars away on futile of thousands of dollars away on futile research research research they had given Tesla a fair chance to they had given Tesla a fair chance to they had given Tesla a fair chance to alter his equipment to satisfy the needs alter his equipment to satisfy the needs alter his equipment to satisfy the needs of the company it seemed Folly to of the company it seemed Folly to of the company it seemed Folly to destroy all prevailing equipment to destroy all prevailing equipment to destroy all prevailing equipment to satisfy the untried requirements of this satisfy the untried requirements of this satisfy the untried requirements of this new technology furthermore they were new technology furthermore they were new technology furthermore they were against the idea of paying royalties against the idea of paying royalties against the idea of paying royalties should the motor eventually prove should the motor eventually prove should the motor eventually prove profitable enough was enough in a profitable enough was enough in a profitable enough was enough in a quandry Tesla negotiated with quandry Tesla negotiated with quandry Tesla negotiated with Westinghouse a compromised solution he Westinghouse a compromised solution he Westinghouse a compromised solution he would abandon the royalty Clause of the would abandon the royalty Clause of the would abandon the royalty Clause of the contract if Westinghouse promised to contract if Westinghouse promised to contract if Westinghouse promised to commit his workers once again to the commit his workers once again to the commit his workers once again to the invention Westinghouse was in a corner invention Westinghouse was in a corner invention Westinghouse was in a corner he knew that he had to curtail all work he knew that he had to curtail all work he knew that he had to curtail all work on the motor at this time to satisfy the on the motor at this time to satisfy the on the motor at this time to satisfy the tide of hostility that was Rising tide of hostility that was Rising tide of hostility that was Rising against Tesla he also realized that the against Tesla he also realized that the against Tesla he also realized that the invention was too important and he invention was too important and he invention was too important and he believed that eventually a solution believed that eventually a solution believed that eventually a solution would be found no one knows for sure would be found no one knows for sure would be found no one knows for sure exactly what happened but it appears exactly what happened but it appears exactly what happened but it appears that Westinghouse made a tacit that Westinghouse made a tacit that Westinghouse made a tacit commitment to Tesla that he would get commitment to Tesla that he would get commitment to Tesla that he would get the company to resume work on on the the company to resume work on on the the company to resume work on on the motor if Tesla removed the motor if Tesla removed the motor if Tesla removed the $2.50 per watt royalty clause in the $2.50 per watt royalty clause in the $2.50 per watt royalty clause in the contract if the motor came on the market contract if the motor came on the market contract if the motor came on the market and the polyphase system was adopted the and the polyphase system was adopted the and the polyphase system was adopted the yearly figures cited just a moment ago yearly figures cited just a moment ago yearly figures cited just a moment ago as payments against royalties worth as payments against royalties worth as payments against royalties worth approximately approximately approximately $255,000 will be honored instead Tesla $255,000 will be honored instead Tesla $255,000 will be honored instead Tesla was aware of the historical importance was aware of the historical importance was aware of the historical importance of his invention he realized that it of his invention he realized that it of his invention he realized that it would alter the world beneficially in

would alter the world beneficially in would alter the world beneficially in measurable ways his motor for instance measurable ways his motor for instance measurable ways his motor for instance would provide an inexpensive replacement would provide an inexpensive replacement would provide an inexpensive replacement for potentially hundreds of thousands of for potentially hundreds of thousands of for potentially hundreds of thousands of hours of manual labor at the same time hours of manual labor at the same time hours of manual labor at the same time his creation would carve his name deep his creation would carve his name deep his creation would carve his name deep into the history books alongside such into the history books alongside such into the history books alongside such Heroes as Archimedes and Faraday Heroes as Archimedes and Faraday Heroes as Archimedes and Faraday moreover he knew that his system was the moreover he knew that his system was the moreover he knew that his system was the most efficient that it was fundamental most efficient that it was fundamental most efficient that it was fundamental and that if adopted it would Prevail he and that if adopted it would Prevail he and that if adopted it would Prevail he also wanted very much to resume his also wanted very much to resume his also wanted very much to resume his preferred path of pioneer inventor preferred path of pioneer inventor preferred path of pioneer inventor Tesla was not counting out debits and Tesla was not counting out debits and Tesla was not counting out debits and credits on a balance sheet rather he credits on a balance sheet rather he credits on a balance sheet rather he viewed his partnership with Westinghouse viewed his partnership with Westinghouse viewed his partnership with Westinghouse in a more flexible way he was also in a more flexible way he was also in a more flexible way he was also negotiating in good faith and assumed negotiating in good faith and assumed negotiating in good faith and assumed that if he lightened the potential that if he lightened the potential that if he lightened the potential financial burden the company would financial burden the company would financial burden the company would somehow reciprocate by offering Goodwill somehow reciprocate by offering Goodwill somehow reciprocate by offering Goodwill he was hoping to reap what he had sown he was hoping to reap what he had sown he was hoping to reap what he had sown speaking of Westinghouse many years speaking of Westinghouse many years speaking of Westinghouse many years later Tesla said George Westinghouse was later Tesla said George Westinghouse was later Tesla said George Westinghouse was in my opinion the only man on the glob in my opinion the only man on the glob in my opinion the only man on the glob who could take my alternating current who could take my alternating current who could take my alternating current system under the circumstances then system under the circumstances then system under the circumstances then existing and win the battle against existing and win the battle against existing and win the battle against Prejudice and money power he was a Prejudice and money power he was a Prejudice and money power he was a pioneer of imposing stature and one of pioneer of imposing stature and one of pioneer of imposing stature and one of the world's the world's the world's noblemen this however was a public noblemen this however was a public noblemen this however was a public statement his private feelings were more statement his private feelings were more statement his private feelings were more complex it is clear from reading through complex it is clear from reading through complex it is clear from reading through Decades of letters to the corporation Decades of letters to the corporation Decades of letters to the corporation that Tesla maintained a close that Tesla maintained a close that Tesla maintained a close relationship with relationship with relationship with Westinghouse yet often there were

Westinghouse yet often there were Westinghouse yet often there were undercurrents of resentment due mainly undercurrents of resentment due mainly undercurrents of resentment due mainly to lack of appreciation by the to lack of appreciation by the to lack of appreciation by the Westinghouse concern of Tesla's Westinghouse concern of Tesla's Westinghouse concern of Tesla's sacrifice and continuing contribution to sacrifice and continuing contribution to sacrifice and continuing contribution to the company Tesla was also upset because the company Tesla was also upset because the company Tesla was also upset because the full scope of his patents became the full scope of his patents became the full scope of his patents became simplified and implications arose to simplified and implications arose to simplified and implications arose to suggest that he merely invented an suggest that he merely invented an suggest that he merely invented an induction motor and not an entire power induction motor and not an entire power induction motor and not an entire power system finally after nearly 2 years of system finally after nearly 2 years of system finally after nearly 2 years of inactivity the Westinghouse people inactivity the Westinghouse people inactivity the Westinghouse people resumed their efforts to make the Tesla resumed their efforts to make the Tesla resumed their efforts to make the Tesla Motor practicable Motor practicable Motor practicable in 1891 Benjamin lamb a portly easygoing in 1891 Benjamin lamb a portly easygoing in 1891 Benjamin lamb a portly easygoing but studious youngster began to but studious youngster began to but studious youngster began to reexamine Tesla's patents and Tesla and reexamine Tesla's patents and Tesla and reexamine Tesla's patents and Tesla and Scott's experimental Scott's experimental Scott's experimental Motors after conversing with Tesla in Motors after conversing with Tesla in Motors after conversing with Tesla in New York and talking over the matter New York and talking over the matter New York and talking over the matter with Scott lamb approached his overseers with Scott lamb approached his overseers with Scott lamb approached his overseers with a plan to resume work on the motor with a plan to resume work on the motor with a plan to resume work on the motor lamb realized that Tesla had exhausted lamb realized that Tesla had exhausted lamb realized that Tesla had exhausted all the possibilities of trying to adapt all the possibilities of trying to adapt all the possibilities of trying to adapt his motor to the higher frequencies and his motor to the higher frequencies and his motor to the higher frequencies and that he was forced to return to the low that he was forced to return to the low that he was forced to return to the low frequencies insisting on the superiority frequencies insisting on the superiority frequencies insisting on the superiority of his polyphase system this idea as of his polyphase system this idea as of his polyphase system this idea as stated just now was rejected most likely stated just now was rejected most likely stated just now was rejected most likely by shenberger and Stillwell lamb as the by shenberger and Stillwell lamb as the by shenberger and Stillwell lamb as the junior engineer had to proceed carefully junior engineer had to proceed carefully junior engineer had to proceed carefully with Scott's Aid he finally obtained with Scott's Aid he finally obtained with Scott's Aid he finally obtained permission to take up the work on his permission to take up the work on his permission to take up the work on his own although there's little doubt that a own although there's little doubt that a own although there's little doubt that a number of officials opposed the idea by number of officials opposed the idea by number of officials opposed the idea by this time the 60 Cycle System was coming this time the 60 Cycle System was coming this time the 60 Cycle System was coming in quite rapidly l said so he suggested

in quite rapidly l said so he suggested in quite rapidly l said so he suggested this frequency to the staff shenberger this frequency to the staff shenberger this frequency to the staff shenberger lost his temper and talked some plain lost his temper and talked some plain lost his temper and talked some plain language to me no doubt he said that language to me no doubt he said that language to me no doubt he said that there would be no possible way that they there would be no possible way that they there would be no possible way that they would utilize the lower would utilize the lower would utilize the lower frequencies this looked pretty serious frequencies this looked pretty serious frequencies this looked pretty serious to me who as a mere boy in the test room to me who as a mere boy in the test room to me who as a mere boy in the test room had got into a r with the chief had got into a r with the chief had got into a r with the chief technical authority of the company I technical authority of the company I technical authority of the company I explained my situation to Mr Schmidt who explained my situation to Mr Schmidt who explained my situation to Mr Schmidt who simply laughed about it however somewhat simply laughed about it however somewhat simply laughed about it however somewhat to my surprise Mr shenberger always took to my surprise Mr shenberger always took to my surprise Mr shenberger always took my part thereafter this of course gave my part thereafter this of course gave my part thereafter this of course gave me a larger idea of the man himself and me a larger idea of the man himself and me a larger idea of the man himself and I have always look back with the I have always look back with the I have always look back with the greatest pleasure to my acquaintanceship greatest pleasure to my acquaintanceship greatest pleasure to my acquaintanceship with such a man what happened most with such a man what happened most with such a man what happened most likely is that Schmidt along with Scott likely is that Schmidt along with Scott likely is that Schmidt along with Scott went behind the scenes and explained to went behind the scenes and explained to went behind the scenes and explained to shenberger that here was their shenberger that here was their shenberger that here was their opportunity to finally make use of the opportunity to finally make use of the opportunity to finally make use of the motor without giving any more credit to motor without giving any more credit to motor without giving any more credit to Tesla they would simply let it be known Tesla they would simply let it be known Tesla they would simply let it be known that a new and Brilliant engineer that a new and Brilliant engineer that a new and Brilliant engineer working at the company had discovered working at the company had discovered working at the company had discovered the efficiencies of lower frequencies the efficiencies of lower frequencies the efficiencies of lower frequencies and so the credit would go to lamb no and so the credit would go to lamb no and so the credit would go to lamb no wonder Schmid laughed about it with a wonder Schmid laughed about it with a wonder Schmid laughed about it with a way out shenberger reversed himself and way out shenberger reversed himself and way out shenberger reversed himself and patted Lamb on the back lamb somewhat patted Lamb on the back lamb somewhat patted Lamb on the back lamb somewhat naively concluding that he built the naively concluding that he built the naively concluding that he built the first induction motor which Bears any first induction motor which Bears any first induction motor which Bears any close example to the modern type I also close example to the modern type I also close example to the modern type I also designed the great generators for designed the great generators for designed the great generators for Niagara which were without precedent Niagara which were without precedent Niagara which were without precedent they were marvels of engineering they were marvels of engineering they were marvels of engineering achievement achievement achievement having rediscovered what Tesla had

having rediscovered what Tesla had having rediscovered what Tesla had suggested all along lamb often made it suggested all along lamb often made it suggested all along lamb often made it seem as though he were the originator of seem as though he were the originator of seem as though he were the originator of the the the idea uneducated readers left with idea uneducated readers left with idea uneducated readers left with incomplete Source materials of which incomplete Source materials of which incomplete Source materials of which there are many were forced to conclude there are many were forced to conclude there are many were forced to conclude that when it comes to the AC polyphase that when it comes to the AC polyphase that when it comes to the AC polyphase system it was that versatile genius BG system it was that versatile genius BG system it was that versatile genius BG lamb who was the pillar of the lamb who was the pillar of the lamb who was the pillar of the Westinghouse company who made it Westinghouse company who made it Westinghouse company who made it possible but people who read Scott possible but people who read Scott possible but people who read Scott carefully knew the truth strenuous carefully knew the truth strenuous carefully knew the truth strenuous efforts to adapt the Tesla Motor to the efforts to adapt the Tesla Motor to the efforts to adapt the Tesla Motor to the prevailing circuit were in vain the prevailing circuit were in vain the prevailing circuit were in vain the little motor insisted in getting what it little motor insisted in getting what it little motor insisted in getting what it wanted and the mountain came to Muhammad Muhammad seven bogus inventors 1889 to 90 key has seven bogus inventors 1889 to 90 key has seven bogus inventors 1889 to 90 key has discovered that all sympathetic streams discovered that all sympathetic streams discovered that all sympathetic streams cellic gravit magnetic and electric are cellic gravit magnetic and electric are cellic gravit magnetic and electric are composed of triple flows composed of triple flows composed of triple flows this fact governing all the terrestrial this fact governing all the terrestrial this fact governing all the terrestrial and Celestial orders of positive and and Celestial orders of positive and and Celestial orders of positive and negative radiation he has discovered negative radiation he has discovered negative radiation he has discovered that the range of molecular motion in that the range of molecular motion in that the range of molecular motion in all quiescent masses is equal to 1/3 of all quiescent masses is equal to 1/3 of all quiescent masses is equal to 1/3 of their diameters and that all extended their diameters and that all extended their diameters and that all extended range is induced by sound Force set at range is induced by sound Force set at range is induced by sound Force set at chords of the thirds which are chords of the thirds which are chords of the thirds which are antagonistic to the combined chords of antagonistic to the combined chords of antagonistic to the combined chords of the mass of the neutral centers that the mass of the neutral centers that the mass of the neutral centers that they they they represent who is the greatest Genius of represent who is the greatest Genius of represent who is the greatest Genius of our age review of review new our age review of review new our age review of review new 1890 Tesla left Pittsburgh in the Autumn

1890 Tesla left Pittsburgh in the Autumn 1890 Tesla left Pittsburgh in the Autumn of 1889 to return to New York and start of 1889 to return to New York and start of 1889 to return to New York and start his second laboratory now on Grand his second laboratory now on Grand his second laboratory now on Grand Street there he would begin work on high Street there he would begin work on high Street there he would begin work on high frequency apparatus Wireless frequency apparatus Wireless frequency apparatus Wireless transmission and theories on the transmission and theories on the transmission and theories on the relationship between electromagnetic relationship between electromagnetic relationship between electromagnetic radiation and light in particular the radiation and light in particular the radiation and light in particular the inventor wanted to replicate the inventor wanted to replicate the inventor wanted to replicate the findings of the German academician findings of the German academician findings of the German academician Hinrich Herz a student of Herman ludvig Hinrich Herz a student of Herman ludvig Hinrich Herz a student of Herman ludvig Von helmholtz's who had recently Von helmholtz's who had recently Von helmholtz's who had recently published his Landmark experiments in published his Landmark experiments in published his Landmark experiments in wave propagation Tesla said that his wave propagation Tesla said that his wave propagation Tesla said that his work caused a thrill as had scarcely work caused a thrill as had scarcely work caused a thrill as had scarcely ever been experienced before I was not ever been experienced before I was not ever been experienced before I was not free at Pittsburgh he continued I was free at Pittsburgh he continued I was free at Pittsburgh he continued I was dependent and could not work when I left dependent and could not work when I left dependent and could not work when I left that situation ideas and inventions that situation ideas and inventions that situation ideas and inventions rushed through my brain like a rushed through my brain like a rushed through my brain like a Niagara before he set up shop the Niagara before he set up shop the Niagara before he set up shop the inventor traveled to Paris to attend the inventor traveled to Paris to attend the inventor traveled to Paris to attend the universal Exposition and with winess the universal Exposition and with winess the universal Exposition and with winess the unveiling of a gargantuan architectural unveiling of a gargantuan architectural unveiling of a gargantuan architectural Triumph the Eiffel Tower returning to a Triumph the Eiffel Tower returning to a Triumph the Eiffel Tower returning to a city filled with fond memories Tesla city filled with fond memories Tesla city filled with fond memories Tesla could say hello to old friends and tell could say hello to old friends and tell could say hello to old friends and tell them how far he had come there the them how far he had come there the them how far he had come there the budding Creator could stop once again at budding Creator could stop once again at budding Creator could stop once again at the Lou to gaze upon the marvels of the Lou to gaze upon the marvels of the Lou to gaze upon the marvels of Raphael his self-perceived counterpart Raphael his self-perceived counterpart Raphael his self-perceived counterpart in the Fine Arts nevertheless tesler in the Fine Arts nevertheless tesler in the Fine Arts nevertheless tesler also had mixed feelings as he was also had mixed feelings as he was also had mixed feelings as he was traveling in the shadow of his Nemesis traveling in the shadow of his Nemesis traveling in the shadow of his Nemesis Thomas Edison who not only attended the Thomas Edison who not only attended the Thomas Edison who not only attended the fair but who also provided a 1acre site fair but who also provided a 1acre site fair but who also provided a 1acre site for displaying his various inventions in

for displaying his various inventions in for displaying his various inventions in particular the phonograph created a particular the phonograph created a particular the phonograph created a sensation and Edison was received as a sensation and Edison was received as a sensation and Edison was received as a veritable veritable veritable demigod while Edison who was accompanied demigod while Edison who was accompanied demigod while Edison who was accompanied by his new wife Mina just 22 years old by his new wife Mina just 22 years old by his new wife Mina just 22 years old lunched with Alexander eel in his lunched with Alexander eel in his lunched with Alexander eel in his apartment at the top of the tower Tesla apartment at the top of the tower Tesla apartment at the top of the tower Tesla met with professor vilhelm bernes at the met with professor vilhelm bernes at the met with professor vilhelm bernes at the fair to witness the beautiful fair to witness the beautiful fair to witness the beautiful demonstrations of his V brating demonstrations of his V brating demonstrations of his V brating diaphragms a Norwegian physicist from diaphragms a Norwegian physicist from diaphragms a Norwegian physicist from the University of Stockholm bees had the University of Stockholm bees had the University of Stockholm bees had along with jeul hre panare not only along with jeul hre panare not only along with jeul hre panare not only replicated the work of Hinrich Herz on replicated the work of Hinrich Herz on replicated the work of Hinrich Herz on the propagation of electromagnetic waves the propagation of electromagnetic waves the propagation of electromagnetic waves through space they had also according to through space they had also according to through space they had also according to Herz discovered multiple resonants and Herz discovered multiple resonants and Herz discovered multiple resonants and had worked out the mathematics of the had worked out the mathematics of the had worked out the mathematics of the phenomena Tesla was able to study bz's phenomena Tesla was able to study bz's phenomena Tesla was able to study bz's oscillator which provided a variety of oscillator which provided a variety of oscillator which provided a variety of electromagnetic waves and a resonator electromagnetic waves and a resonator electromagnetic waves and a resonator for augmenting them and also discuss for augmenting them and also discuss for augmenting them and also discuss with him theoretical implications with him theoretical implications with him theoretical implications concerning the properties of the concerning the properties of the concerning the properties of the electromagnetic waves thereby electromagnetic waves thereby electromagnetic waves thereby produced and while the wizard of Meno produced and while the wizard of Meno produced and while the wizard of Meno Park met with Lou pastur at his Park met with Lou pastur at his Park met with Lou pastur at his laboratory in Paris and received the laboratory in Paris and received the laboratory in Paris and received the French Grand Cross of the Legion of French Grand Cross of the Legion of French Grand Cross of the Legion of Honor for his achievements tesler Honor for his achievements tesler Honor for his achievements tesler developed one of his most important developed one of his most important developed one of his most important discoveries namely that so-called herian discoveries namely that so-called herian discoveries namely that so-called herian waves not only produced transverse waves not only produced transverse waves not only produced transverse oscillations suggested by beakes but oscillations suggested by beakes but oscillations suggested by beakes but also longitudinal vibrations structured also longitudinal vibrations structured also longitudinal vibrations structured much like sound waves that is to say much like sound waves that is to say much like sound waves that is to say waves propagated by alternate

waves propagated by alternate waves propagated by alternate compression and expansion of The Ether compression and expansion of The Ether compression and expansion of The Ether this conceptualization would come to this conceptualization would come to this conceptualization would come to play a pivotal role in the wireless play a pivotal role in the wireless play a pivotal role in the wireless transmitters Tesla would construct over transmitters Tesla would construct over transmitters Tesla would construct over the next decade as Tesla packed his bags the next decade as Tesla packed his bags the next decade as Tesla packed his bags for a brief visit to see his family for a brief visit to see his family for a brief visit to see his family Edison continued on his tour in Italy he Edison continued on his tour in Italy he Edison continued on his tour in Italy he was honored by Queen Margarita of Venice was honored by Queen Margarita of Venice was honored by Queen Margarita of Venice and king hbert of Rome and king hbert of Rome and king hbert of Rome in Berlin he met with helmholtz at his in Berlin he met with helmholtz at his in Berlin he met with helmholtz at his laboratory and at heidleberg Edison laboratory and at heidleberg Edison laboratory and at heidleberg Edison displayed his phonograph before a displayed his phonograph before a displayed his phonograph before a monster meeting of 15,000 people at monster meeting of 15,000 people at monster meeting of 15,000 people at which the machine delivered a speech in which the machine delivered a speech in which the machine delivered a speech in good German Edison's favorite moment good German Edison's favorite moment good German Edison's favorite moment however was when he attended a large however was when he attended a large however was when he attended a large dinner given by Buffalo Bill who was dinner given by Buffalo Bill who was dinner given by Buffalo Bill who was touring Europe with his Wild West show touring Europe with his Wild West show touring Europe with his Wild West show and as Tesla left for New York Edison and as Tesla left for New York Edison and as Tesla left for New York Edison continued on to London where he could continued on to London where he could continued on to London where he could visit his Central stations but also visit his Central stations but also visit his Central stations but also learned firsthand that the new use of learned firsthand that the new use of learned firsthand that the new use of the Tesla AC was here to stay in depford the Tesla AC was here to stay in depford the Tesla AC was here to stay in depford for instance in this year an engineer by for instance in this year an engineer by for instance in this year an engineer by the name of fanti installed probably the the name of fanti installed probably the the name of fanti installed probably the first ever working singlephase first ever working singlephase first ever working singlephase Generating Station with a Tesla system Generating Station with a Tesla system Generating Station with a Tesla system he was able to transmit 11,000 volts 7 m he was able to transmit 11,000 volts 7 m he was able to transmit 11,000 volts 7 m away to London although a truly Epoch away to London although a truly Epoch away to London although a truly Epoch making achievement this plant for some making achievement this plant for some making achievement this plant for some unknown reason received virtually no unknown reason received virtually no unknown reason received virtually no publicity this was a complex time in the publicity this was a complex time in the publicity this was a complex time in the history of the electrical industry those history of the electrical industry those history of the electrical industry those electrical experts in Europe and America electrical experts in Europe and America electrical experts in Europe and America who took the time to study the Tesla who took the time to study the Tesla who took the time to study the Tesla creation saw its benefits immediately in

creation saw its benefits immediately in creation saw its benefits immediately in Switzerland and Germany polyas induction Switzerland and Germany polyas induction Switzerland and Germany polyas induction Motors were being constructed by Cel Motors were being constructed by Cel Motors were being constructed by Cel Brown imel Von doer dorov volski and in Brown imel Von doer dorov volski and in Brown imel Von doer dorov volski and in America ugh Thompson of Thompson Houston America ugh Thompson of Thompson Houston America ugh Thompson of Thompson Houston and William Stanley did the same as in and William Stanley did the same as in and William Stanley did the same as in any branch of science it was customary any branch of science it was customary any branch of science it was customary to study and replicate the work of to study and replicate the work of to study and replicate the work of others but in electrical engineering others but in electrical engineering others but in electrical engineering success ensured not only a place in success ensured not only a place in success ensured not only a place in history but also a substantial profit history but also a substantial profit history but also a substantial profit thus there would be many such as most of thus there would be many such as most of thus there would be many such as most of those mentioned above who would try and those mentioned above who would try and those mentioned above who would try and claim the polyphase system as their own claim the polyphase system as their own claim the polyphase system as their own there was another motor invention there was another motor invention there was another motor invention however called the hydron pneumatic however called the hydron pneumatic however called the hydron pneumatic pulsating vacuo engine which was on much pulsating vacuo engine which was on much pulsating vacuo engine which was on much safer ground nobody could replicate the safer ground nobody could replicate the safer ground nobody could replicate the intricacies of its machinery and nobody intricacies of its machinery and nobody intricacies of its machinery and nobody but the inventor John Ernst warl Keeley but the inventor John Ernst warl Keeley but the inventor John Ernst warl Keeley knew how it worked key had gotten the knew how it worked key had gotten the knew how it worked key had gotten the idea of the motor after reading the idea of the motor after reading the idea of the motor after reading the Treatise harmonies of tones and colors Treatise harmonies of tones and colors Treatise harmonies of tones and colors developed by evolution by Charles developed by evolution by Charles developed by evolution by Charles Darwin's niece Mrs FJ Hughes which Darwin's niece Mrs FJ Hughes which Darwin's niece Mrs FJ Hughes which discussed the structure of The Ether and discussed the structure of The Ether and discussed the structure of The Ether and various theoretical harmonic laws of the various theoretical harmonic laws of the various theoretical harmonic laws of the universe held as a virtual perpetual universe held as a virtual perpetual universe held as a virtual perpetual motion machine the key motor never motion machine the key motor never motion machine the key motor never ceased to intoxicate the public the Kei ceased to intoxicate the public the Kei ceased to intoxicate the public the Kei had The Uncanny ability to keep the had The Uncanny ability to keep the had The Uncanny ability to keep the secret going but continually achieve secret going but continually achieve secret going but continually achieve abstruse abstruse abstruse results in the opinion of Madame results in the opinion of Madame results in the opinion of Madame blavatsky key had discovered Vil the blavatsky key had discovered Vil the blavatsky key had discovered Vil the mysterious force of the universe in mysterious force of the universe in mysterious force of the universe in which Lord lton Drew attention in his which Lord lton Drew attention in his which Lord lton Drew attention in his coming race key calls it sympathetic

coming race key calls it sympathetic coming race key calls it sympathetic negative negative negative attraction rivaling snake oil salesman attraction rivaling snake oil salesman attraction rivaling snake oil salesman in the ability to Humbug the public key in the ability to Humbug the public key in the ability to Humbug the public key a former circus slight of hand performer a former circus slight of hand performer a former circus slight of hand performer had formed a company in 1874 capitalized had formed a company in 1874 capitalized had formed a company in 1874 capitalized with with with $100,000 of stock in order to sell his $100,000 of stock in order to sell his $100,000 of stock in order to sell his motor and had been successfully doing so motor and had been successfully doing so motor and had been successfully doing so for nearly 15 years until 1889 when his for nearly 15 years until 1889 when his for nearly 15 years until 1889 when his work was questioned public opinion wrote work was questioned public opinion wrote work was questioned public opinion wrote that Engineers scientific men and that Engineers scientific men and that Engineers scientific men and capitalists made frequent pilgrimages to capitalists made frequent pilgrimages to capitalists made frequent pilgrimages to Kia's Philadelphia laboratory to see the Kia's Philadelphia laboratory to see the Kia's Philadelphia laboratory to see the key motor moat sometimes it moed and key motor moat sometimes it moed and key motor moat sometimes it moed and sometimes it didn't but key always had a sometimes it didn't but key always had a sometimes it didn't but key always had a great tale to tell Key's Chief great tale to tell Key's Chief great tale to tell Key's Chief accomplishment was a ready use of jargon accomplishment was a ready use of jargon accomplishment was a ready use of jargon of scientific and unscientific terms of scientific and unscientific terms of scientific and unscientific terms he talked about Triune currents of polar he talked about Triune currents of polar he talked about Triune currents of polar flow of force The Reflex action of flow of force The Reflex action of flow of force The Reflex action of gravity cords of mass sympathetic gravity cords of mass sympathetic gravity cords of mass sympathetic outreaches of distance doolar EIC waves outreaches of distance doolar EIC waves outreaches of distance doolar EIC waves and a lot of other things which didn't and a lot of other things which didn't and a lot of other things which didn't mean anything but he never told why his mean anything but he never told why his mean anything but he never told why his motor moted and why he never took a motor moted and why he never took a motor moted and why he never took a patent although he did have them drawn patent although he did have them drawn patent although he did have them drawn up T Carpenter Smith writing an up T Carpenter Smith writing an up T Carpenter Smith writing an engineering magazine described an engineering magazine described an engineering magazine described an eyewitness account with the inventor at eyewitness account with the inventor at eyewitness account with the inventor at work Mr key proceeded to produce the work Mr key proceeded to produce the work Mr key proceeded to produce the force by striking a large tuning fork force by striking a large tuning fork force by striking a large tuning fork with a fiddle bow and then touching the with a fiddle bow and then touching the with a fiddle bow and then touching the generator with the fork after two or generator with the fork after two or generator with the fork after two or three attempts which he said fail by three attempts which he said fail by three attempts which he said fail by reason of not getting the cord of the reason of not getting the cord of the reason of not getting the cord of the mass he turned a small valve on top of

mass he turned a small valve on top of mass he turned a small valve on top of the generator when a slight hiss Was the generator when a slight hiss Was the generator when a slight hiss Was Heard loud cheers greeted his Heard loud cheers greeted his Heard loud cheers greeted his announcement that he had got it the announcement that he had got it the announcement that he had got it the State of Mind of the audience May Be State of Mind of the audience May Be State of Mind of the audience May Be Imagined when the shout of one Imagined when the shout of one Imagined when the shout of one Enthusiast key you are next to God Enthusiast key you are next to God Enthusiast key you are next to God almighty seemed only a natural almighty seemed only a natural almighty seemed only a natural expression this mbank inventor headlined expression this mbank inventor headlined expression this mbank inventor headlined the New York dieses with his newest the New York dieses with his newest the New York dieses with his newest creations and also the accompanying Cry creations and also the accompanying Cry creations and also the accompanying Cry of fraud factions of the public demanded of fraud factions of the public demanded of fraud factions of the public demanded he be jailed the court giving key 60 he be jailed the court giving key 60 he be jailed the court giving key 60 days to divulge his secret but key held days to divulge his secret but key held days to divulge his secret but key held fast threatening to stop work on his fast threatening to stop work on his fast threatening to stop work on his inventions unless the court dropped its inventions unless the court dropped its inventions unless the court dropped its suit key was held in contempt of court suit key was held in contempt of court suit key was held in contempt of court and in November of 1888 he was placed in and in November of 1888 he was placed in and in November of 1888 he was placed in jail jail jail shortly thereafter through his Council shortly thereafter through his Council shortly thereafter through his Council key revealed that the missing link was a key revealed that the missing link was a key revealed that the missing link was a copper tube in the form of a hoop and he copper tube in the form of a hoop and he copper tube in the form of a hoop and he was released on bail a few days later he was released on bail a few days later he was released on bail a few days later he argued that he had indeed obeyed all argued that he had indeed obeyed all argued that he had indeed obeyed all orders of the court in explaining his orders of the court in explaining his orders of the court in explaining his invention in detail and the suit against invention in detail and the suit against invention in detail and the suit against him was overturned like Edison who him was overturned like Edison who him was overturned like Edison who promised and gave the world the lamp of promised and gave the world the lamp of promised and gave the world the lamp of Aladdin and Tesla who discovered and Aladdin and Tesla who discovered and Aladdin and Tesla who discovered and harnessed a purported alternating harnessed a purported alternating harnessed a purported alternating current perpetual motion machine key current perpetual motion machine key current perpetual motion machine key built his own invention as the Great built his own invention as the Great built his own invention as the Great lest scientific discovery of the lest scientific discovery of the lest scientific discovery of the century apparently Vindicated key century apparently Vindicated key century apparently Vindicated key proceeded with his deception in 1890 the proceeded with his deception in 1890 the proceeded with his deception in 1890 the world's celebrity and palmist count Lou world's celebrity and palmist count Lou world's celebrity and palmist count Lou Amon better known as Cairo visited the Amon better known as Cairo visited the Amon better known as Cairo visited the key lab and by 1895 John Jacob Aster

key lab and by 1895 John Jacob Aster key lab and by 1895 John Jacob Aster became an became an became an investor unfortunately for Tesla however investor unfortunately for Tesla however investor unfortunately for Tesla however like key he too was gaining a reputation like key he too was gaining a reputation like key he too was gaining a reputation for making outlandish claims for for making outlandish claims for for making outlandish claims for instance Tesla said that his system instance Tesla said that his system instance Tesla said that his system could place 100,000 horsepower on a wire could place 100,000 horsepower on a wire could place 100,000 horsepower on a wire and send it hundreds of miles with and send it hundreds of miles with and send it hundreds of miles with almost no loss of power when the almost no loss of power when the almost no loss of power when the prevailing technology could only send a prevailing technology could only send a prevailing technology could only send a few hundred volts one mile and in that few hundred volts one mile and in that few hundred volts one mile and in that case with power dropping off markedly case with power dropping off markedly case with power dropping off markedly with distance never mind that this with distance never mind that this with distance never mind that this prognostication came true just a few prognostication came true just a few prognostication came true just a few years later Tesla's style was that of a years later Tesla's style was that of a years later Tesla's style was that of a Visionary and the claim seemed Visionary and the claim seemed Visionary and the claim seemed ridiculous to the unimaginative the ridiculous to the unimaginative the ridiculous to the unimaginative the uninformed or people who listened only uninformed or people who listened only uninformed or people who listened only to the opposition he was little to the opposition he was little to the opposition he was little different from Key and so he suffered different from Key and so he suffered different from Key and so he suffered through guilt by through guilt by through guilt by association as far back as 1884 association as far back as 1884 association as far back as 1884 Scientific American had published an Scientific American had published an Scientific American had published an expose on the key motor speculating that expose on the key motor speculating that expose on the key motor speculating that its source of power was a secret chamber its source of power was a secret chamber its source of power was a secret chamber of compressed air this was confirmed in of compressed air this was confirmed in of compressed air this was confirmed in 1898 after Key's death in an 1898 after Key's death in an 1898 after Key's death in an investigation of his laboratory investigation of his laboratory investigation of his laboratory conducted by Mrs Bloomfield Moore's son conducted by Mrs Bloomfield Moore's son conducted by Mrs Bloomfield Moore's son Clarence having waited for his mother an Clarence having waited for his mother an Clarence having waited for his mother an Ardent Keely admirer to pass on before Ardent Keely admirer to pass on before Ardent Keely admirer to pass on before he tore the place apart Moore discovered he tore the place apart Moore discovered he tore the place apart Moore discovered in the cellar a large tank and a series in the cellar a large tank and a series in the cellar a large tank and a series of pipes leading up through the floor of pipes leading up through the floor of pipes leading up through the floor above where the demonstrations took above where the demonstrations took above where the demonstrations took place ke's EIC force was nothing more place ke's EIC force was nothing more place ke's EIC force was nothing more than compressed air released by the than compressed air released by the than compressed air released by the pressure of his foot tapping on a pressure of his foot tapping on a pressure of his foot tapping on a concealed spring

valve other bogus inventors of the day valve other bogus inventors of the day included Gaston bul who tried to sell included Gaston bul who tried to sell included Gaston bul who tried to sell general electric GE special pills that general electric GE special pills that general electric GE special pills that turned water into gasoline Walter honow turned water into gasoline Walter honow turned water into gasoline Walter honow who derived free energy from an H2O who derived free energy from an H2O who derived free energy from an H2O Hydro atomizer and King Con Victor the Hydro atomizer and King Con Victor the Hydro atomizer and King Con Victor the count Lusk who was eventually arrested count Lusk who was eventually arrested count Lusk who was eventually arrested for devising and selling a special money for devising and selling a special money for devising and selling a special money machine that cranked out crisp $20 bills machine that cranked out crisp $20 bills machine that cranked out crisp $20 bills from inserted white paper in an age of from inserted white paper in an age of from inserted white paper in an age of new Marvels that almost daily transforms new Marvels that almost daily transforms new Marvels that almost daily transforms Society in irreversible ways the public Society in irreversible ways the public Society in irreversible ways the public was ripe for picking naive investors was ripe for picking naive investors was ripe for picking naive investors were often built by Promises of were often built by Promises of were often built by Promises of impossible schemes thus the inventor was impossible schemes thus the inventor was impossible schemes thus the inventor was perceived in contradictory ways as an perceived in contradictory ways as an perceived in contradictory ways as an executioner or lightbearer con man or executioner or lightbearer con man or executioner or lightbearer con man or wizard when Tesla returned from Europe wizard when Tesla returned from Europe wizard when Tesla returned from Europe he wanted nothing better than to have he wanted nothing better than to have he wanted nothing better than to have his AC invention placed in the hands of his AC invention placed in the hands of his AC invention placed in the hands of its new rightful owner so that he could its new rightful owner so that he could its new rightful owner so that he could proceed with other burgeoning interests proceed with other burgeoning interests proceed with other burgeoning interests naturally he would continue to Aid naturally he would continue to Aid naturally he would continue to Aid Westinghouse in any way that he could Westinghouse in any way that he could Westinghouse in any way that he could could by continually offering advice to could by continually offering advice to could by continually offering advice to Scott schmit or lamb or stopping by at Scott schmit or lamb or stopping by at Scott schmit or lamb or stopping by at Pittsburgh to provide Hands-On Pittsburgh to provide Hands-On Pittsburgh to provide Hands-On expertise throughout the 1890s whenever expertise throughout the 1890s whenever expertise throughout the 1890s whenever the opportunity presented itself Tesla the opportunity presented itself Tesla the opportunity presented itself Tesla would also introduce eminent prospective would also introduce eminent prospective would also introduce eminent prospective clients to the Westinghouse concern as clients to the Westinghouse concern as clients to the Westinghouse concern as was his custom and style Tesla never was his custom and style Tesla never was his custom and style Tesla never considered a commission for this service considered a commission for this service considered a commission for this service although he did obtain vital equipment although he did obtain vital equipment although he did obtain vital equipment for his laboratory which at first was for his laboratory which at first was for his laboratory which at first was provided without cost and with key buw

provided without cost and with key buw provided without cost and with key buw litton's electrical like energy called litton's electrical like energy called litton's electrical like energy called Friddle power had also been attached to Friddle power had also been attached to Friddle power had also been attached to Tesla by this time as well via a letter Tesla by this time as well via a letter Tesla by this time as well via a letter from a lady in 1890 who dreamed that if from a lady in 1890 who dreamed that if from a lady in 1890 who dreamed that if I Tesla would read the coming race of I Tesla would read the coming race of I Tesla would read the coming race of bulla I would discover great things bulla I would discover great things bulla I would discover great things which would Advance my work considerably which would Advance my work considerably which would Advance my work considerably but Tesla would not pursue the mystical but Tesla would not pursue the mystical but Tesla would not pursue the mystical Treatise for a decade and therefore it Treatise for a decade and therefore it Treatise for a decade and therefore it appears that although the inventions appears that although the inventions appears that although the inventions discussed in the story bore great discussed in the story bore great discussed in the story bore great similarities to some of Tesla's later similarities to some of Tesla's later similarities to some of Tesla's later ations the reader must not say afterward ations the reader must not say afterward ations the reader must not say afterward that the beautiful things which I shall that the beautiful things which I shall that the beautiful things which I shall invent were suggested by bull invent were suggested by bull invent were suggested by bull nevertheless the similarities remain and nevertheless the similarities remain and nevertheless the similarities remain and one wonders whether or not Tesla one wonders whether or not Tesla one wonders whether or not Tesla actually read the book at the time or actually read the book at the time or actually read the book at the time or knew of its contents 8 South Fifth Avenue 1890 to contents 8 South Fifth Avenue 1890 to 91 at one bound Tesla placed himself AB 91 at one bound Tesla placed himself AB 91 at one bound Tesla placed himself AB breast such men as Edison brush elu breast such men as Edison brush elu breast such men as Edison brush elu Thompson and Alexander Graham Bell his Thompson and Alexander Graham Bell his Thompson and Alexander Graham Bell his performance touched on The Marvelous performance touched on The Marvelous performance touched on The Marvelous Joseph wetzler in Harper's Weekly July Joseph wetzler in Harper's Weekly July Joseph wetzler in Harper's Weekly July the 11th the 11th the 11th 1891 Tesla returned from Paris during 1891 Tesla returned from Paris during 1891 Tesla returned from Paris during the summer of 1889 to his new laboratory the summer of 1889 to his new laboratory the summer of 1889 to his new laboratory near bleer street down the road from one near bleer street down the road from one near bleer street down the road from one of Edison's showrooms the lab took up of Edison's showrooms the lab took up of Edison's showrooms the lab took up the entire fourth floor of a six-story the entire fourth floor of a six-story the entire fourth floor of a six-story building located at 33 to 35 South fth building located at 33 to 35 South fth building located at 33 to 35 South fth Avenue which today is called West Avenue which today is called West Avenue which today is called West Broadway at the the same time he toured Broadway at the the same time he toured Broadway at the the same time he toured the hotels moving into the aster house a

the hotels moving into the aster house a the hotels moving into the aster house a posh five-story establishment situated posh five-story establishment situated posh five-story establishment situated by a trolley line in the Heart of the by a trolley line in the Heart of the by a trolley line in the Heart of the City over the summer Tesla's best friend City over the summer Tesla's best friend City over the summer Tesla's best friend Anthony STI passed away he wrote home to Anthony STI passed away he wrote home to Anthony STI passed away he wrote home to notify his family I feel alienated he notify his family I feel alienated he notify his family I feel alienated he told Uncle poo and it is difficult for told Uncle poo and it is difficult for told Uncle poo and it is difficult for me to adapt to the American me to adapt to the American me to adapt to the American lifestyle now part of the newvo r and lifestyle now part of the newvo r and lifestyle now part of the newvo r and also the star of the family the inventor also the star of the family the inventor also the star of the family the inventor began sending money home to his mother began sending money home to his mother began sending money home to his mother and sisters and also to some of the and sisters and also to some of the and sisters and also to some of the cousins addressing the letters mostly to cousins addressing the letters mostly to cousins addressing the letters mostly to his sister's husbands all of whom were his sister's husbands all of whom were his sister's husbands all of whom were priests Tesla wrote Uncle Pao somehow it priests Tesla wrote Uncle Pao somehow it priests Tesla wrote Uncle Pao somehow it is hard to correspond with the ladies is hard to correspond with the ladies is hard to correspond with the ladies although occasionally he did write his although occasionally he did write his although occasionally he did write his sisters mostly he just sent checks and sisters mostly he just sent checks and sisters mostly he just sent checks and each of them would repeatedly write back each of them would repeatedly write back each of them would repeatedly write back to try and get a more personal word from to try and get a more personal word from to try and get a more personal word from the only brother that we have throughout the only brother that we have throughout the only brother that we have throughout the 1890s Tesla sent several ,000 for at the 1890s Tesla sent several ,000 for at the 1890s Tesla sent several ,000 for at 150 for a clip which was an amount 150 for a clip which was an amount 150 for a clip which was an amount equivalent to 6 months rent at a equivalent to 6 months rent at a equivalent to 6 months rent at a well-to-do home or 6 month salary for a well-to-do home or 6 month salary for a well-to-do home or 6 month salary for a Serbian Workman some of the funds were Serbian Workman some of the funds were Serbian Workman some of the funds were given as gifts some to pay back his given as gifts some to pay back his given as gifts some to pay back his uncles for their aid in funding his uncles for their aid in funding his uncles for their aid in funding his education and sojourn to the new world education and sojourn to the new world education and sojourn to the new world and other funds which were partially and other funds which were partially and other funds which were partially obtained through European royalties were obtained through European royalties were obtained through European royalties were used as Investments to Uncle Peta who used as Investments to Uncle Peta who used as Investments to Uncle Peta who had Advanced to become a metropolitan had Advanced to become a metropolitan had Advanced to become a metropolitan Cardinal in Bosnia t revealed that he Cardinal in Bosnia t revealed that he Cardinal in Bosnia t revealed that he was receiving many letters from was receiving many letters from was receiving many letters from dignitaries and also such respect that

dignitaries and also such respect that dignitaries and also such respect that it was difficult for him to it was difficult for him to it was difficult for him to describe Uncle poo occasionally shipped describe Uncle poo occasionally shipped describe Uncle poo occasionally shipped European bottles of wine to his finicky European bottles of wine to his finicky European bottles of wine to his finicky nephew unhappy with the selection in the nephew unhappy with the selection in the nephew unhappy with the selection in the United States impatiently waiting for United States impatiently waiting for United States impatiently waiting for these bottles was for Tesla like waiting these bottles was for Tesla like waiting these bottles was for Tesla like waiting for the for the for the Messiah as Tesla's Fame grew and reports Messiah as Tesla's Fame grew and reports Messiah as Tesla's Fame grew and reports of his successes made the headlines in of his successes made the headlines in of his successes made the headlines in their local papers Tesla became a their local papers Tesla became a their local papers Tesla became a virtual demigod to the Serbian and virtual demigod to the Serbian and virtual demigod to the Serbian and Croatian people and a noble though Croatian people and a noble though Croatian people and a noble though distant benefactor to his family we distant benefactor to his family we distant benefactor to his family we think about you even in our dreams one think about you even in our dreams one think about you even in our dreams one of his brothers-in-law wrote except for of his brothers-in-law wrote except for of his brothers-in-law wrote except for occasional dinners with such friends as occasional dinners with such friends as occasional dinners with such friends as TC Martin or necessary trips to TC Martin or necessary trips to TC Martin or necessary trips to Pittsburgh the inventor spent virtually Pittsburgh the inventor spent virtually Pittsburgh the inventor spent virtually all of his waking existence at the lab all of his waking existence at the lab all of his waking existence at the lab his partner Alfred S brown would stop by his partner Alfred S brown would stop by his partner Alfred S brown would stop by to help when needed but mostly Tesla to help when needed but mostly Tesla to help when needed but mostly Tesla worked with either one or two assistants worked with either one or two assistants worked with either one or two assistants or alone as was his custom he could or alone as was his custom he could or alone as was his custom he could labor 7even days a week and around the labor 7even days a week and around the labor 7even days a week and around the clock stopping only to freshen up at the clock stopping only to freshen up at the clock stopping only to freshen up at the hotel or for a necessary appointment hotel or for a necessary appointment hotel or for a necessary appointment monastic by choice and compelled by an monastic by choice and compelled by an monastic by choice and compelled by an allc consuming desire to be a major allc consuming desire to be a major allc consuming desire to be a major player in the burining New Age The player in the burining New Age The player in the burining New Age The Wizard preferred working through the Wizard preferred working through the Wizard preferred working through the night when distractions could be night when distractions could be night when distractions could be minimized and concentration could be minimized and concentration could be minimized and concentration could be intensified now free he began his intensified now free he began his intensified now free he began his investigations along a number of investigations along a number of investigations along a number of separate but interrelated lines as an separate but interrelated lines as an separate but interrelated lines as an experimental physicist he began to study experimental physicist he began to study experimental physicist he began to study the difference between electromagnetic the difference between electromagnetic the difference between electromagnetic and electrostatic phenomena and also the

and electrostatic phenomena and also the and electrostatic phenomena and also the relationship of the structure of The relationship of the structure of The relationship of the structure of The Ether to that of electricity matter and Ether to that of electricity matter and Ether to that of electricity matter and light as an inventor he began to design light as an inventor he began to design light as an inventor he began to design equipment for generating extremely high equipment for generating extremely high equipment for generating extremely high frequencies and voltages and for frequencies and voltages and for frequencies and voltages and for transforming direct into alternating transforming direct into alternating transforming direct into alternating current or vice versa and for creating current or vice versa and for creating current or vice versa and for creating uniform uniform uniform oscillations Tesla also wanted to devise oscillations Tesla also wanted to devise oscillations Tesla also wanted to devise ways to manufacture light and to explore ways to manufacture light and to explore ways to manufacture light and to explore the concept of wireless communication the concept of wireless communication the concept of wireless communication already concerned about the fragility of already concerned about the fragility of already concerned about the fragility of the Earth's natural resources the finite the Earth's natural resources the finite the Earth's natural resources the finite supply of Timber and coal Tesla spent supply of Timber and coal Tesla spent supply of Timber and coal Tesla spent endless hours in contemplation reviewing endless hours in contemplation reviewing endless hours in contemplation reviewing and replicating the findings of others and replicating the findings of others and replicating the findings of others criticizing or improving upon their criticizing or improving upon their criticizing or improving upon their inventions and also designing completely inventions and also designing completely inventions and also designing completely original original original Creations his goal was influenced by an Creations his goal was influenced by an Creations his goal was influenced by an evolutionary perspective and pragmatic evolutionary perspective and pragmatic evolutionary perspective and pragmatic considerations he wanted to devise considerations he wanted to devise considerations he wanted to devise mechanical means for doing away with mechanical means for doing away with mechanical means for doing away with needless tasks of physical physical needless tasks of physical physical needless tasks of physical physical labor so that humans could spend more labor so that humans could spend more labor so that humans could spend more time in Creative time in Creative time in Creative Endeavors unlike KL Marx who saw the Endeavors unlike KL Marx who saw the Endeavors unlike KL Marx who saw the worker becoming an appendage of the worker becoming an appendage of the worker becoming an appendage of the machine Tesla realized that machines machine Tesla realized that machines machine Tesla realized that machines could Liberate the worker the inventor could Liberate the worker the inventor could Liberate the worker the inventor in Tesla's eyes had always been and in Tesla's eyes had always been and in Tesla's eyes had always been and always would be the light Giver of the always would be the light Giver of the always would be the light Giver of the species guiding its future through species guiding its future through species guiding its future through advanced technology the masses in turn advanced technology the masses in turn advanced technology the masses in turn would benefit because machines would would benefit because machines would would benefit because machines would perform menial tasks so that they could perform menial tasks so that they could perform menial tasks so that they could pursue more intellectual op occupations pursue more intellectual op occupations pursue more intellectual op occupations with increased technology cultural with increased technology cultural with increased technology cultural Evolution would proceed at even faster

Evolution would proceed at even faster Evolution would proceed at even faster rates conversely Tesla warned everything rates conversely Tesla warned everything rates conversely Tesla warned everything that is against the teachings of that is against the teachings of that is against the teachings of religion and law of hygiene tends to religion and law of hygiene tends to religion and law of hygiene tends to decrease human energy impure drinking decrease human energy impure drinking decrease human energy impure drinking water in particular was one of the water in particular was one of the water in particular was one of the greatest greatest greatest dangers within the next 180 months Tesla dangers within the next 180 months Tesla dangers within the next 180 months Tesla initiated most of the inventions that initiated most of the inventions that initiated most of the inventions that would occupy him for the next half would occupy him for the next half would occupy him for the next half century during the last weeks of 1889 century during the last weeks of 1889 century during the last weeks of 1889 Martin met with him on several occasions Martin met with him on several occasions Martin met with him on several occasions in order to finalize his article on the in order to finalize his article on the in order to finalize his article on the serbs Heritage and plans for the future serbs Heritage and plans for the future serbs Heritage and plans for the future the inventor would talk late into the the inventor would talk late into the the inventor would talk late into the night about his Youth and the incessant night about his Youth and the incessant night about his Youth and the incessant struggle of his ancestors to fight off struggle of his ancestors to fight off struggle of his ancestors to fight off the Diabolical Turks as Martin took the Diabolical Turks as Martin took the Diabolical Turks as Martin took notes Tesla outlined some of his notes Tesla outlined some of his notes Tesla outlined some of his inventions particularly his work with inventions particularly his work with inventions particularly his work with high frequencies and his original high frequencies and his original high frequencies and his original theories on the relationship between theories on the relationship between theories on the relationship between electromagnetic ISM and the structure of electromagnetic ISM and the structure of electromagnetic ISM and the structure of light Martin tried to talk the inventor light Martin tried to talk the inventor light Martin tried to talk the inventor into presenting his ideas before the AI into presenting his ideas before the AI into presenting his ideas before the AI e but Tesla evaded a direct e but Tesla evaded a direct e but Tesla evaded a direct response suppose I were to obtain for response suppose I were to obtain for response suppose I were to obtain for you Lord kelvin's lectures I know you Lord kelvin's lectures I know you Lord kelvin's lectures I know they're a bit wearisome and somewhat they're a bit wearisome and somewhat they're a bit wearisome and somewhat Beyond solution but I believe that you Beyond solution but I believe that you Beyond solution but I believe that you Samson like can wrestle the honey from Samson like can wrestle the honey from Samson like can wrestle the honey from this Lion's this Lion's this Lion's jaw perhaps was Tesla's reply on January the 21st 1890 Professor reply on January the 21st 1890 Professor an took over the presidency of the AE an took over the presidency of the AE an took over the presidency of the AE from ell Hugh Thompson who followed TC from ell Hugh Thompson who followed TC from ell Hugh Thompson who followed TC Martin and opened the year with his own

Martin and opened the year with his own Martin and opened the year with his own lecture on new electrical theories happy lecture on new electrical theories happy lecture on new electrical theories happy to see the professor again Tesla to see the professor again Tesla to see the professor again Tesla attended the seminar and was elected attended the seminar and was elected attended the seminar and was elected vice president participating in the vice president participating in the vice president participating in the discussion which followed he was joined discussion which followed he was joined discussion which followed he was joined by Irish mathematician Arthur Kennelly by Irish mathematician Arthur Kennelly by Irish mathematician Arthur Kennelly of the Edison Company and Mikel poopin a of the Edison Company and Mikel poopin a of the Edison Company and Mikel poopin a physics teacher and fellow Serb having physics teacher and fellow Serb having physics teacher and fellow Serb having just returned from helm 's laboratory in just returned from helm 's laboratory in just returned from helm 's laboratory in Germany poopin was unaware of the extent Germany poopin was unaware of the extent Germany poopin was unaware of the extent of the animosity that existed between of the animosity that existed between of the animosity that existed between the Edison and Westinghouse camps poin the Edison and Westinghouse camps poin the Edison and Westinghouse camps poin was from idore a Serbian town north of was from idore a Serbian town north of was from idore a Serbian town north of Belgrade his father had been a kinet or Belgrade his father had been a kinet or Belgrade his father had been a kinet or Village leader much like Tesla's father Village leader much like Tesla's father Village leader much like Tesla's father but unlike milutin Tesla Mr poopin was but unlike milutin Tesla Mr poopin was but unlike milutin Tesla Mr poopin was an illiterate peasant and not part of an illiterate peasant and not part of an illiterate peasant and not part of the clerical the clerical the clerical aristocracy many of pin's relatives like aristocracy many of pin's relatives like aristocracy many of pin's relatives like Tesla's were war heroes who had fought Tesla's were war heroes who had fought Tesla's were war heroes who had fought off the Turks to protect the Empire and off the Turks to protect the Empire and off the Turks to protect the Empire and like Tesla poopin had avoided military like Tesla poopin had avoided military like Tesla poopin had avoided military service Migel poopin immigrated to the service Migel poopin immigrated to the service Migel poopin immigrated to the United States in United States in United States in 1874 after working at odd jobs he 1874 after working at odd jobs he 1874 after working at odd jobs he entered Columbia College in New York in entered Columbia College in New York in entered Columbia College in New York in 1878 graduating in 1884 with a keen 1878 graduating in 1884 with a keen 1878 graduating in 1884 with a keen interest in electrical Theory and with interest in electrical Theory and with interest in electrical Theory and with honors pan received a fellowship to honors pan received a fellowship to honors pan received a fellowship to study abroad he wanted to go to study abroad he wanted to go to study abroad he wanted to go to Cambridge to learn under James Clark Cambridge to learn under James Clark Cambridge to learn under James Clark Maxwell but he found upon his arrival Maxwell but he found upon his arrival Maxwell but he found upon his arrival that Maxwell had been dead for 4 years that Maxwell had been dead for 4 years that Maxwell had been dead for 4 years this tendency to overlook the obvious this tendency to overlook the obvious this tendency to overlook the obvious appears to be a theme that runs through

appears to be a theme that runs through appears to be a theme that runs through poopins life after Cambridge he went on poopins life after Cambridge he went on poopins life after Cambridge he went on to the University of Berlin where he to the University of Berlin where he to the University of Berlin where he received a doctorate in physics in 1889 received a doctorate in physics in 1889 received a doctorate in physics in 1889 he returned to New York to become an he returned to New York to become an he returned to New York to become an instructor at Columbia instructor at Columbia instructor at Columbia College in February 1890 the full page College in February 1890 the full page College in February 1890 the full page Martin article on Tesla was published in Martin article on Tesla was published in Martin article on Tesla was published in electrical World accompanied by a very electrical World accompanied by a very electrical World accompanied by a very prominent photograph of the youthful prominent photograph of the youthful prominent photograph of the youthful looking engineer for Tesla it was looking engineer for Tesla it was looking engineer for Tesla it was excellent publicity the first major excellent publicity the first major excellent publicity the first major essay to appear portraying the upand essay to appear portraying the upand essay to appear portraying the upand cominging inventor a meeting of the AE cominging inventor a meeting of the AE cominging inventor a meeting of the AE devoted entirely to the new Tesla AC devoted entirely to the new Tesla AC devoted entirely to the new Tesla AC system was planned for the following system was planned for the following system was planned for the following month in particular the conference had month in particular the conference had month in particular the conference had been sparked by a number of important been sparked by a number of important been sparked by a number of important developments most notably plans coming developments most notably plans coming developments most notably plans coming from Switzerland and Germany for a from Switzerland and Germany for a from Switzerland and Germany for a proposed long-distance AC power proposed long-distance AC power proposed long-distance AC power transmission experiment the impending transmission experiment the impending transmission experiment the impending success of the Westinghouse company in success of the Westinghouse company in success of the Westinghouse company in instituting a hydroelectric plant instituting a hydroelectric plant instituting a hydroelectric plant utilizing the Tesla AC system at a utilizing the Tesla AC system at a utilizing the Tesla AC system at a mining camp in Telluride Colorado and mining camp in Telluride Colorado and mining camp in Telluride Colorado and the announcement of an international the announcement of an international the announcement of an international Niagara commission to look into the best Niagara commission to look into the best Niagara commission to look into the best ways to harness Niagara Falls at the ways to harness Niagara Falls at the ways to harness Niagara Falls at the March AE meeting Professor Louie Duncan March AE meeting Professor Louie Duncan March AE meeting Professor Louie Duncan was the main speaker his lecture began was the main speaker his lecture began was the main speaker his lecture began with a mathematical dissection of the with a mathematical dissection of the with a mathematical dissection of the workings of the novel and admirable workings of the novel and admirable workings of the novel and admirable little machine invented by Mr T little machine invented by Mr T little machine invented by Mr T a a former officer from the US Naval a a former officer from the US Naval a a former officer from the US Naval Academy Duncan had recently transferred Academy Duncan had recently transferred Academy Duncan had recently transferred from the South Pacific to John's Hopkins

from the South Pacific to John's Hopkins from the South Pacific to John's Hopkins University where he stayed on to teach University where he stayed on to teach University where he stayed on to teach an important Ally he gave the Tesla an important Ally he gave the Tesla an important Ally he gave the Tesla invention academic credibility the great invention academic credibility the great invention academic credibility the great advantage of the motor Duncan said lies advantage of the motor Duncan said lies advantage of the motor Duncan said lies in the fact that it has no commutator in the fact that it has no commutator in the fact that it has no commutator and it permits the use of very high and it permits the use of very high and it permits the use of very high voltages in the future power will be voltages in the future power will be voltages in the future power will be transmitted electrically at voltages transmitted electrically at voltages transmitted electrically at voltages that will make machines with the that will make machines with the that will make machines with the commutator next to commutator next to commutator next to useless after the lecture there was a useless after the lecture there was a useless after the lecture there was a discussion and Tesla discussion and Tesla discussion and Tesla participated poopin who spoke that participated poopin who spoke that participated poopin who spoke that summer in Boston and again in New York summer in Boston and again in New York summer in Boston and again in New York the following year on alternating the following year on alternating the following year on alternating current theory was fast becoming an current theory was fast becoming an current theory was fast becoming an admirer of Tesla's work however at the admirer of Tesla's work however at the admirer of Tesla's work however at the same time poopin was also becoming same time poopin was also becoming same time poopin was also becoming embroiled in the controversy as to who embroiled in the controversy as to who embroiled in the controversy as to who was the real author of the AC polyphase was the real author of the AC polyphase was the real author of the AC polyphase system and from Tesla's Vantage Point system and from Tesla's Vantage Point system and from Tesla's Vantage Point poopin made the the mistake of poopin made the the mistake of poopin made the the mistake of befriending the wrong people at the befriending the wrong people at the befriending the wrong people at the Boston meeting poopin noticed that my Boston meeting poopin noticed that my Boston meeting poopin noticed that my audience was divided into two distinct audience was divided into two distinct audience was divided into two distinct groups one group was cordial and groups one group was cordial and groups one group was cordial and appreciative but the other was as cold appreciative but the other was as cold appreciative but the other was as cold as ice the famous electrical engineer as ice the famous electrical engineer as ice the famous electrical engineer and inventor ellu Thompson was in the and inventor ellu Thompson was in the and inventor ellu Thompson was in the friendly group and he looked at me up friendly group and he looked at me up friendly group and he looked at me up after the address and congratulated me after the address and congratulated me after the address and congratulated me cordially that was a great encouragement cordially that was a great encouragement cordially that was a great encouragement and I felt happy other prominent and I felt happy other prominent and I felt happy other prominent individuals however tried to have poopin individuals however tried to have poopin individuals however tried to have poopin fired from the electrical engineering fired from the electrical engineering fired from the electrical engineering department at Columbia because of his department at Columbia because of his department at Columbia because of his adherence to AC but poopin overrode the adherence to AC but poopin overrode the adherence to AC but poopin overrode the controversy and at the same time

controversy and at the same time controversy and at the same time increased his friendship with Thompson increased his friendship with Thompson increased his friendship with Thompson unbeknown to poopin Thompson himself was unbeknown to poopin Thompson himself was unbeknown to poopin Thompson himself was in a quandry because he now recognized in a quandry because he now recognized in a quandry because he now recognized the clear advantage of the Tesla system the clear advantage of the Tesla system the clear advantage of the Tesla system but he was locked out of its use because but he was locked out of its use because but he was locked out of its use because Westinghouse owned the patents although Westinghouse owned the patents although Westinghouse owned the patents although the Thompson Houston Electric company the Thompson Houston Electric company the Thompson Houston Electric company was extremely profitable the concern was extremely profitable the concern was extremely profitable the concern faced certain Doom if it was unable to faced certain Doom if it was unable to faced certain Doom if it was unable to use efficient AC Machinery as alugh use efficient AC Machinery as alugh use efficient AC Machinery as alugh Thompson had worked with AC for over a Thompson had worked with AC for over a Thompson had worked with AC for over a decade he felt fully justified in decade he felt fully justified in decade he felt fully justified in adapting a tesla-like system especially adapting a tesla-like system especially adapting a tesla-like system especially because there were other Engineers who because there were other Engineers who because there were other Engineers who also claimed legitimate priorities of also claimed legitimate priorities of also claimed legitimate priorities of aspects of the system notably shenberger aspects of the system notably shenberger aspects of the system notably shenberger and and and Ferraris furthermore Thompson himself Ferraris furthermore Thompson himself Ferraris furthermore Thompson himself had come close to conceiving a similar had come close to conceiving a similar had come close to conceiving a similar workable plan the Tesla held fundamental workable plan the Tesla held fundamental workable plan the Tesla held fundamental patents on a completely revolutionary patents on a completely revolutionary patents on a completely revolutionary invention was continually overlooked by invention was continually overlooked by invention was continually overlooked by Thompson as he sought ways to Thompson as he sought ways to Thompson as he sought ways to rationalize his position while working rationalize his position while working rationalize his position while working at his company residing at the AE and at his company residing at the AE and at his company residing at the AE and writing in the electrical journals he writing in the electrical journals he writing in the electrical journals he had successfully circumvented the Edison had successfully circumvented the Edison had successfully circumvented the Edison Light Bulb patterns by paying Sawyer for Light Bulb patterns by paying Sawyer for Light Bulb patterns by paying Sawyer for a license to produce the stopper lamp an a license to produce the stopper lamp an a license to produce the stopper lamp an exhausted light bulb similar to Edison's exhausted light bulb similar to Edison's exhausted light bulb similar to Edison's which used a rubber plug stopper to hold which used a rubber plug stopper to hold which used a rubber plug stopper to hold in the vacuum and so he sought a similar in the vacuum and so he sought a similar in the vacuum and so he sought a similar attack with attack with attack with AC during a heated series of articles in AC during a heated series of articles in AC during a heated series of articles in electrical World between Thompson and electrical World between Thompson and electrical World between Thompson and Tesla it appears that Thompson admits to Tesla it appears that Thompson admits to Tesla it appears that Thompson admits to some of his distaste for his rival when some of his distaste for his rival when some of his distaste for his rival when he writes I confess that my statement as

he writes I confess that my statement as he writes I confess that my statement as to the motive of my critical remarks may to the motive of my critical remarks may to the motive of my critical remarks may have been out of place they were have been out of place they were have been out of place they were elicited however by Mr Tesla having on a elicited however by Mr Tesla having on a elicited however by Mr Tesla having on a former occasion misunderstood my motives former occasion misunderstood my motives former occasion misunderstood my motives and so pin's feelings for his Serbian and so pin's feelings for his Serbian and so pin's feelings for his Serbian brother became undermined as his brother became undermined as his brother became undermined as his friendship with Thompson grew Tesla friendship with Thompson grew Tesla friendship with Thompson grew Tesla agreed to present his work in high agreed to present his work in high agreed to present his work in high frequency phenomena during a 3-day frequency phenomena during a 3-day frequency phenomena during a 3-day Symposium of the aiee which was held in Symposium of the aiee which was held in Symposium of the aiee which was held in May May May 1891 3 months after he first published 1891 3 months after he first published 1891 3 months after he first published his research on the topic a hall was his research on the topic a hall was his research on the topic a hall was booked at the Colombia College which at booked at the Colombia College which at booked at the Colombia College which at the time was located between Park and the time was located between Park and the time was located between Park and Madison Avenues on 49th and 50th streets Madison Avenues on 49th and 50th streets Madison Avenues on 49th and 50th streets and the public was and the public was and the public was invited it is difficult to calculate the invited it is difficult to calculate the invited it is difficult to calculate the enormous impact that this lecture had on enormous impact that this lecture had on enormous impact that this lecture had on the engineers of the day and on the the engineers of the day and on the the engineers of the day and on the course of Tesla's life for it is clear course of Tesla's life for it is clear course of Tesla's life for it is clear that after the event Tesla was perceived that after the event Tesla was perceived that after the event Tesla was perceived in an extraordinary way Joseph wiler or in an extraordinary way Joseph wiler or in an extraordinary way Joseph wiler or Josh as he preferred to be called Josh as he preferred to be called Josh as he preferred to be called covered the talk for electrical world covered the talk for electrical world covered the talk for electrical world but Tesla's lecture was too important but Tesla's lecture was too important but Tesla's lecture was too important for a single exposure in a journal of for a single exposure in a journal of for a single exposure in a journal of limited circulation and wesler was able limited circulation and wesler was able limited circulation and wesler was able to also pedal the piece as a spectacular to also pedal the piece as a spectacular to also pedal the piece as a spectacular full page account in the prestigious full page account in the prestigious full page account in the prestigious Harper weekly with Lucid explanations Harper weekly with Lucid explanations Harper weekly with Lucid explanations imp pure nervous English wler proclaimed imp pure nervous English wler proclaimed imp pure nervous English wler proclaimed this strippling from the dim Borderland this strippling from the dim Borderland this strippling from the dim Borderland of ostroh Hungary had not only gone far of ostroh Hungary had not only gone far of ostroh Hungary had not only gone far beyond the two distinguished European beyond the two distinguished European beyond the two distinguished European scientists Dr Lodge and Professor Herz

scientists Dr Lodge and Professor Herz scientists Dr Lodge and Professor Herz in grasp of electromagnetic theory of in grasp of electromagnetic theory of in grasp of electromagnetic theory of light but he had actually made apparatus light but he had actually made apparatus light but he had actually made apparatus by which electrostatic waves or thrusts by which electrostatic waves or thrusts by which electrostatic waves or thrusts would give light for ordinary everyday would give light for ordinary everyday would give light for ordinary everyday uses Tesla had not only presented a uses Tesla had not only presented a uses Tesla had not only presented a remarkable display of electrical remarkable display of electrical remarkable display of electrical fantasma goria he had also outlined new fantasma goria he had also outlined new fantasma goria he had also outlined new fundamental and far-reaching fundamental and far-reaching fundamental and far-reaching principles wler cogently pointed out principles wler cogently pointed out principles wler cogently pointed out that Tesla had gone far beyond Hinrich that Tesla had gone far beyond Hinrich that Tesla had gone far beyond Hinrich gisler and Sir William Kooks in the gisler and Sir William Kooks in the gisler and Sir William Kooks in the production of Light by use of vacuum production of Light by use of vacuum production of Light by use of vacuum tubes and he had also eclipsed the tubes and he had also eclipsed the tubes and he had also eclipsed the wizard of Meno Park with his refinements wizard of Meno Park with his refinements wizard of Meno Park with his refinements of the incandescent lamp but Mr Tesla of the incandescent lamp but Mr Tesla of the incandescent lamp but Mr Tesla was not satisfied with these results was not satisfied with these results was not satisfied with these results brilliant as they were he had set brilliant as they were he had set brilliant as they were he had set himself no less a task than to create a himself no less a task than to create a himself no less a task than to create a lamp lamp which without any external lamp lamp which without any external lamp lamp which without any external connection to wires would glow brightly connection to wires would glow brightly connection to wires would glow brightly when placed anywhere in an apartment and when placed anywhere in an apartment and when placed anywhere in an apartment and if that were not enough for a conclusion if that were not enough for a conclusion if that were not enough for a conclusion Tesla passed tens of thousands of volts Tesla passed tens of thousands of volts Tesla passed tens of thousands of volts of AC through his body to light up light of AC through his body to light up light of AC through his body to light up light bulbs and shoot Sparks of his fingertips bulbs and shoot Sparks of his fingertips bulbs and shoot Sparks of his fingertips and to show the world that it was not at and to show the world that it was not at and to show the world that it was not at all a killer current when utilized all a killer current when utilized all a killer current when utilized correctly exhausted tubes held in the correctly exhausted tubes held in the correctly exhausted tubes held in the hand of Mr Tesla appeared like a hand of Mr Tesla appeared like a hand of Mr Tesla appeared like a luminous sword in the hand of an luminous sword in the hand of an luminous sword in the hand of an archangel representing Justice said one archangel representing Justice said one archangel representing Justice said one reporter with Gayo dun his assistant reporter with Gayo dun his assistant reporter with Gayo dun his assistant Tesla began his talk somewhat nervously Tesla began his talk somewhat nervously Tesla began his talk somewhat nervously but gain momentum as he progressed of but gain momentum as he progressed of but gain momentum as he progressed of all the forms of Nature's immeasurable

all the forms of Nature's immeasurable all the forms of Nature's immeasurable all pervading energy which ever and ever all pervading energy which ever and ever all pervading energy which ever and ever change and move like a soul animates an change and move like a soul animates an change and move like a soul animates an innate Universe electricity and innate Universe electricity and innate Universe electricity and magnetism are perhaps the most magnetism are perhaps the most magnetism are perhaps the most fascinating we know tler continued that fascinating we know tler continued that fascinating we know tler continued that electricity acts like an incompressible electricity acts like an incompressible electricity acts like an incompressible fluid that there must be a constant fluid that there must be a constant fluid that there must be a constant quantity of it in nature that it can quantity of it in nature that it can quantity of it in nature that it can neither be produced or destroyed and neither be produced or destroyed and neither be produced or destroyed and that electric and ether phenomena are that electric and ether phenomena are that electric and ether phenomena are identical having set up the premise that identical having set up the premise that identical having set up the premise that our world is immersed in a great sea of our world is immersed in a great sea of our world is immersed in a great sea of electricity the wizard proceeded to electricity the wizard proceeded to electricity the wizard proceeded to Astound the audience with his Myriad Astound the audience with his Myriad Astound the audience with his Myriad experiments and at the end Tesla's experiments and at the end Tesla's experiments and at the end Tesla's matched his opening in Poetic expression matched his opening in Poetic expression matched his opening in Poetic expression we are whirling through endless space we are whirling through endless space we are whirling through endless space with an inconceivable speed he said all with an inconceivable speed he said all with an inconceivable speed he said all around us everything is spinning around us everything is spinning around us everything is spinning everything is moving everywhere is everything is moving everywhere is everything is moving everywhere is energy based on this premise Tesla ended energy based on this premise Tesla ended energy based on this premise Tesla ended with a prophetic supposition which has with a prophetic supposition which has with a prophetic supposition which has often been interpreted by some to often been interpreted by some to often been interpreted by some to suggest that a zero point or free energy suggest that a zero point or free energy suggest that a zero point or free energy Str exists there must be some way of Str exists there must be some way of Str exists there must be some way of availing ourselves of this energy availing ourselves of this energy availing ourselves of this energy directly he said then with the light directly he said then with the light directly he said then with the light obtained through the medium with the obtained through the medium with the obtained through the medium with the power derived from it with every form of power derived from it with every form of power derived from it with every form of energy obtained without effort from energy obtained without effort from energy obtained without effort from stores forever inexhaustible Humanity stores forever inexhaustible Humanity stores forever inexhaustible Humanity will advance with giant strides the mere will advance with giant strides the mere will advance with giant strides the mere contemplation of these magnificent

contemplation of these magnificent contemplation of these magnificent possibilities expands our minds possibilities expands our minds possibilities expands our minds strengthens our hopes and fills our strengthens our hopes and fills our strengthens our hopes and fills our hearts with Supreme hearts with Supreme hearts with Supreme Delight those who attended the lecture Delight those who attended the lecture Delight those who attended the lecture including Professor Anthony Alfred S including Professor Anthony Alfred S including Professor Anthony Alfred S brown Elmer Sperry with Willam Stanley brown Elmer Sperry with Willam Stanley brown Elmer Sperry with Willam Stanley UE Thompson and Francis Upton would UE Thompson and Francis Upton would UE Thompson and Francis Upton would remember the historic occasion for the remember the historic occasion for the remember the historic occasion for the rest of their lives Robert milikan for rest of their lives Robert milikan for rest of their lives Robert milikan for instance who later won a Nobel Prize for instance who later won a Nobel Prize for instance who later won a Nobel Prize for his work with cosmic rays was a graduate his work with cosmic rays was a graduate his work with cosmic rays was a graduate student at Colombia at the time he said student at Colombia at the time he said student at Colombia at the time he said many years later I have done no small many years later I have done no small many years later I have done no small fraction of my research work with the fraction of my research work with the fraction of my research work with the aid of the principles I learned that aid of the principles I learned that aid of the principles I learned that night mik poopin who also attended night mik poopin who also attended night mik poopin who also attended however appears not to have been so however appears not to have been so however appears not to have been so entranced entranced entranced while I was lecturing Tesla told a while I was lecturing Tesla told a while I was lecturing Tesla told a Serbian reporter Mr poopin with his Serbian reporter Mr poopin with his Serbian reporter Mr poopin with his friends most likely ugh Thompson and friends most likely ugh Thompson and friends most likely ugh Thompson and Carl Herring interrupted by whistling Carl Herring interrupted by whistling Carl Herring interrupted by whistling and I had difficulty quieting down the and I had difficulty quieting down the and I had difficulty quieting down the misled audience poin wrote to Tesla to misled audience poin wrote to Tesla to misled audience poin wrote to Tesla to smooth things over and to set up an smooth things over and to set up an smooth things over and to set up an appointment to see the motor as he was appointment to see the motor as he was appointment to see the motor as he was scheduled to deliver a number of scheduled to deliver a number of scheduled to deliver a number of lectures on polyphase currents but Tesla lectures on polyphase currents but Tesla lectures on polyphase currents but Tesla avoided him in Europe rumors began to avoided him in Europe rumors began to avoided him in Europe rumors began to circulate about the new electrical circulate about the new electrical circulate about the new electrical sengar in America and Tesla was quickly sengar in America and Tesla was quickly sengar in America and Tesla was quickly invited to speak before European invited to speak before European invited to speak before European scientific societies nine revising the past

societies nine revising the past 1891 many of the investigations of the 1891 many of the investigations of the 1891 many of the investigations of the book apply to polyphase system circuits book apply to polyphase system circuits book apply to polyphase system circuits with chapters on induction Motors with chapters on induction Motors with chapters on induction Motors generators synchronous Motors Etc a part generators synchronous Motors Etc a part generators synchronous Motors Etc a part of this book is original other parts of this book is original other parts of this book is original other parts have been published before by other have been published before by other have been published before by other investigators I have however omitted investigators I have however omitted investigators I have however omitted altogether literary references for the altogether literary references for the altogether literary references for the reason that incomplete references would reason that incomplete references would reason that incomplete references would be worse than some while complete be worse than some while complete be worse than some while complete references would entail expenditure of references would entail expenditure of references would entail expenditure of much more time than is at my disposal I much more time than is at my disposal I much more time than is at my disposal I believe that the reader is more believe that the reader is more believe that the reader is more interested in the information than in interested in the information than in interested in the information than in knowing who first investigated the knowing who first investigated the knowing who first investigated the phenomenon Charles phenomenon Charles phenomenon Charles Steinmetz 3 months after Tesla's Steinmetz 3 months after Tesla's Steinmetz 3 months after Tesla's Columbia College lecture in August 1891 Columbia College lecture in August 1891 Columbia College lecture in August 1891 two Engineers Charles Eugene Lancelot two Engineers Charles Eugene Lancelot two Engineers Charles Eugene Lancelot Brown of the Swiss firm of Machin and Brown of the Swiss firm of Machin and Brown of the Swiss firm of Machin and fabric Oran and mik Von DOA doov volski fabric Oran and mik Von DOA doov volski fabric Oran and mik Von DOA doov volski representing the German firm alga minor representing the German firm alga minor representing the German firm alga minor electricit gasel shaft AEG galvanized electricit gasel shaft AEG galvanized electricit gasel shaft AEG galvanized the engineering community when they the engineering community when they the engineering community when they successfully transmitted 190 horsepower successfully transmitted 190 horsepower successfully transmitted 190 horsepower from a waterfall at a cement factory on from a waterfall at a cement factory on from a waterfall at a cement factory on the NECA River in Len to the the NECA River in Len to the the NECA River in Len to the international electrical Expos position international electrical Expos position international electrical Expos position which was being held at Frankfurt which was being held at Frankfurt which was being held at Frankfurt Germany 112 M away with the support of Germany 112 M away with the support of Germany 112 M away with the support of three different governments the lines three different governments the lines three different governments the lines passed through verberg Bavaria and passed through verberg Bavaria and passed through verberg Bavaria and Prussia before arriving in Prussia before arriving in Prussia before arriving in Frankfurt by using oil as an insulator

Frankfurt by using oil as an insulator Frankfurt by using oil as an insulator as Tesla had explained in his Columbia as Tesla had explained in his Columbia as Tesla had explained in his Columbia College lecture Brown was able to College lecture Brown was able to College lecture Brown was able to generate as much as 40,000 volts on his generate as much as 40,000 volts on his generate as much as 40,000 volts on his equipment 25,000 of which he transported equipment 25,000 of which he transported equipment 25,000 of which he transported along the wires stepping them down to along the wires stepping them down to along the wires stepping them down to usable frequencies when they reached the usable frequencies when they reached the usable frequencies when they reached the exposition the efficiency of exposition the efficiency of exposition the efficiency of 74.5% astounded his colleagues D rolski 74.5% astounded his colleagues D rolski 74.5% astounded his colleagues D rolski who suggested that the invention was his who suggested that the invention was his who suggested that the invention was his conceptualization utilized a three-phase conceptualization utilized a three-phase conceptualization utilized a three-phase AC with a working frequency of 40 cycles AC with a working frequency of 40 cycles AC with a working frequency of 40 cycles per second instead of the singlephase per second instead of the singlephase per second instead of the singlephase current with a frequency of 133 cycles current with a frequency of 133 cycles current with a frequency of 133 cycles per second that the Westinghouse people per second that the Westinghouse people per second that the Westinghouse people kept insisting on the power was so great kept insisting on the power was so great kept insisting on the power was so great at the Frankfurt site that a large at the Frankfurt site that a large at the Frankfurt site that a large advertising sign with a thousand advertising sign with a thousand advertising sign with a thousand incandescent lamps was lit and a motor incandescent lamps was lit and a motor incandescent lamps was lit and a motor pump powering an artificial waterfall pump powering an artificial waterfall pump powering an artificial waterfall was was was harnessed on December the 16th Mikel harnessed on December the 16th Mikel harnessed on December the 16th Mikel poopin delivered a talk before the A on poopin delivered a talk before the A on poopin delivered a talk before the A on polyphase systems having given the same polyphase systems having given the same polyphase systems having given the same talk a week before at the New York talk a week before at the New York talk a week before at the New York mathematical Society poan was proud to mathematical Society poan was proud to mathematical Society poan was proud to advance abstract theories on this new advance abstract theories on this new advance abstract theories on this new field of polyphase systems with his hair field of polyphase systems with his hair field of polyphase systems with his hair swept back wearing wire rimmed glasses a swept back wearing wire rimmed glasses a swept back wearing wire rimmed glasses a brush mustache tapered at the Ed and a brush mustache tapered at the Ed and a brush mustache tapered at the Ed and a professorial three-piece suit poopin was professorial three-piece suit poopin was professorial three-piece suit poopin was fast readjusting to his return to the fast readjusting to his return to the fast readjusting to his return to the States now he was beginning to carve a States now he was beginning to carve a States now he was beginning to carve a name for himself beautifully he had name for himself beautifully he had name for himself beautifully he had written Tesla before the talk to discuss written Tesla before the talk to discuss written Tesla before the talk to discuss his Motors but the inventor had eluded his Motors but the inventor had eluded his Motors but the inventor had eluded him in his opening remarks at the AE

him in his opening remarks at the AE him in his opening remarks at the AE with Arthur Kennelly UE Thompson Charles with Arthur Kennelly UE Thompson Charles with Arthur Kennelly UE Thompson Charles Bradley and Charles Steins present Bradley and Charles Steins present Bradley and Charles Steins present poopin referred to the beautiful poopin referred to the beautiful poopin referred to the beautiful inventions of Nicola Tesla and the inventions of Nicola Tesla and the inventions of Nicola Tesla and the completeness of the success which completeness of the success which completeness of the success which Deborah volski and brown obtained by the Deborah volski and brown obtained by the Deborah volski and brown obtained by the Practical applications of these Practical applications of these Practical applications of these inventions but he also described the inventions but he also described the inventions but he also described the German operation in such a way as to German operation in such a way as to German operation in such a way as to imply that aspects of it were imply that aspects of it were imply that aspects of it were independently independently independently conceived it appears that Tesla did not conceived it appears that Tesla did not conceived it appears that Tesla did not attend the lecture instead he wrote attend the lecture instead he wrote attend the lecture instead he wrote poopin the day after but it was not to poopin the day after but it was not to poopin the day after but it was not to offer congratulations or to extend an offer congratulations or to extend an offer congratulations or to extend an invitation to meet Tesla suggested that invitation to meet Tesla suggested that invitation to meet Tesla suggested that poopin obtain the original patent poopin obtain the original patent poopin obtain the original patent specifications the German design was specifications the German design was specifications the German design was simply a copy of his work but poopin simply a copy of his work but poopin simply a copy of his work but poopin shot back I don't think that you ought shot back I don't think that you ought shot back I don't think that you ought to find fault with me for not having to find fault with me for not having to find fault with me for not having given your invention a fuller discussion given your invention a fuller discussion given your invention a fuller discussion in the first place it was a little bit in the first place it was a little bit in the first place it was a little bit too soon to discuss the Practical too soon to discuss the Practical too soon to discuss the Practical details in a paper which treats of the details in a paper which treats of the details in a paper which treats of the most General fundamental principles of most General fundamental principles of most General fundamental principles of the poly phasal systems secondly I know the poly phasal systems secondly I know the poly phasal systems secondly I know of your Motors only by hearsay I have of your Motors only by hearsay I have of your Motors only by hearsay I have not had the pleasure of being shown one not had the pleasure of being shown one not had the pleasure of being shown one by anybody I looked you up twice at your by anybody I looked you up twice at your by anybody I looked you up twice at your hotel and wrote you once but all my hotel and wrote you once but all my hotel and wrote you once but all my efforts were in vain poin tried at the efforts were in vain poin tried at the efforts were in vain poin tried at the end of the letter to set up a personal end of the letter to set up a personal end of the letter to set up a personal interview but Tesla was not one who interview but Tesla was not one who interview but Tesla was not one who could easily forgive such naivity could easily forgive such naivity could easily forgive such naivity especially from a Serb who spoke the especially from a Serb who spoke the especially from a Serb who spoke the native tongue so poorly to the hyp native tongue so poorly to the hyp native tongue so poorly to the hyp sensitive Tesla poopin was a man who sensitive Tesla poopin was a man who sensitive Tesla poopin was a man who spread falsehoods and his continual

spread falsehoods and his continual spread falsehoods and his continual association with Thompson did not help association with Thompson did not help association with Thompson did not help as Tesla was about to take a trip to as Tesla was about to take a trip to as Tesla was about to take a trip to Europe a meeting of amelioration never Europe a meeting of amelioration never Europe a meeting of amelioration never took place concerning the dispute over whose concerning the dispute over whose invention it really was it's important invention it really was it's important invention it really was it's important to realize that obfuscation of the truth to realize that obfuscation of the truth to realize that obfuscation of the truth continues to this day the problem began continues to this day the problem began continues to this day the problem began with Mikel Von doer dooli himself who with Mikel Von doer dooli himself who with Mikel Von doer dooli himself who was reluctant to admit that he got the was reluctant to admit that he got the was reluctant to admit that he got the idea from Tesla and it was perpetuated idea from Tesla and it was perpetuated idea from Tesla and it was perpetuated by his friend Carl Herring who wrote A by his friend Carl Herring who wrote A by his friend Carl Herring who wrote A prodigious number of articles on the prodigious number of articles on the prodigious number of articles on the episode in the journals as the event episode in the journals as the event episode in the journals as the event unfolded throughout unfolded throughout unfolded throughout 1891 hering had been a professor of of 1891 hering had been a professor of of 1891 hering had been a professor of of engineering at the University in dad engineering at the University in dad engineering at the University in dad Germany in the early Germany in the early Germany in the early 1880s his protog dulski a native of St 1880s his protog dulski a native of St 1880s his protog dulski a native of St Petersburg and the son of a Russian Petersburg and the son of a Russian Petersburg and the son of a Russian nobleman replaced Herring when he nobleman replaced Herring when he nobleman replaced Herring when he retired from the University at the end retired from the University at the end retired from the University at the end of of of 1883 ceel Brown a Swiss native and Son 1883 ceel Brown a Swiss native and Son 1883 ceel Brown a Swiss native and Son of a designer of steam engines began of a designer of steam engines began of a designer of steam engines began successfully transmitting electrical successfully transmitting electrical successfully transmitting electrical power with AC dynamos he had constructed power with AC dynamos he had constructed power with AC dynamos he had constructed while working in lucern brown who was a while working in lucern brown who was a while working in lucern brown who was a year younger than Gober rolski and seven year younger than Gober rolski and seven year younger than Gober rolski and seven years younger than Tesla had received years younger than Tesla had received years younger than Tesla had received most of his training in ventur and Basel most of his training in ventur and Basel most of his training in ventur and Basel where he worked for the ban machine where he worked for the ban machine where he worked for the ban machine shops in 1884 he began his employment at shops in 1884 he began his employment at shops in 1884 he began his employment at Ur Len and within 2 years became Ur Len and within 2 years became Ur Len and within 2 years became director of director of director of operations on February the 9th 1891 operations on February the 9th 1891 operations on February the 9th 1891 Brown delivered an address in Frankfurt

Brown delivered an address in Frankfurt Brown delivered an address in Frankfurt on the subject of long-distance on the subject of long-distance on the subject of long-distance transmission of electrical power and transmission of electrical power and transmission of electrical power and that is where he met go volski a that is where he met go volski a that is where he met go volski a partnership was formed between o lyan partnership was formed between o lyan partnership was formed between o lyan and AEG and within 7 months their and AEG and within 7 months their and AEG and within 7 months their success between Len and Frankfurt was success between Len and Frankfurt was success between Len and Frankfurt was achieved now with dubra volk's claims achieved now with dubra volk's claims achieved now with dubra volk's claims and herings one side reporting in the and herings one side reporting in the and herings one side reporting in the electrical journals factions of the electrical journals factions of the electrical journals factions of the American engineering community that were American engineering community that were American engineering community that were locked out of the Tesla patents could locked out of the Tesla patents could locked out of the Tesla patents could extol the laan Frankfurt Venture while extol the laan Frankfurt Venture while extol the laan Frankfurt Venture while at the same time continuing to imply at the same time continuing to imply at the same time continuing to imply that Tesla's work was not intrinsic to that Tesla's work was not intrinsic to that Tesla's work was not intrinsic to its its its success ironically the Westinghouse side success ironically the Westinghouse side success ironically the Westinghouse side wanted to down played the event as well wanted to down played the event as well wanted to down played the event as well not only because it proved Tesla right not only because it proved Tesla right not only because it proved Tesla right and them wrong but also because it and them wrong but also because it and them wrong but also because it dwarfed their success at dwarfed their success at dwarfed their success at toride thus when perusing the westing toride thus when perusing the westing toride thus when perusing the westing house literature one is hard pressed to house literature one is hard pressed to house literature one is hard pressed to find any mention of laan Frankfort at find any mention of laan Frankfort at find any mention of laan Frankfort at all poen in his lectures did not support all poen in his lectures did not support all poen in his lectures did not support Tesla's role nor did kenelly Thompson or Tesla's role nor did kenelly Thompson or Tesla's role nor did kenelly Thompson or Bradley Charles Proteus steinet however Bradley Charles Proteus steinet however Bradley Charles Proteus steinet however was in another category like poin he had was in another category like poin he had was in another category like poin he had just immigrated from Europe and also just immigrated from Europe and also just immigrated from Europe and also like pooping he was academically like pooping he was academically like pooping he was academically oriented with no particular economic oriented with no particular economic oriented with no particular economic stake in the invention at that time stake in the invention at that time stake in the invention at that time Stein Mets who had fled Germany in 1889 Stein Mets who had fled Germany in 1889 Stein Mets who had fled Germany in 1889 in order to escape imprisonment for in order to escape imprisonment for in order to escape imprisonment for being a revolutionary socialist was a being a revolutionary socialist was a being a revolutionary socialist was a brilliant student of mathematics from brilliant student of mathematics from brilliant student of mathematics from the University of Breslow a dwarf the University of Breslow a dwarf the University of Breslow a dwarf Hunchback with his head sunk into his Hunchback with his head sunk into his Hunchback with his head sunk into his shoulders and one leg shorter than the

shoulders and one leg shorter than the shoulders and one leg shorter than the other Stein Mets had to continually other Stein Mets had to continually other Stein Mets had to continually overcome his odd appearance and frail overcome his odd appearance and frail overcome his odd appearance and frail disposition by displaying an Advanced disposition by displaying an Advanced disposition by displaying an Advanced intellect just 26 years old and still intellect just 26 years old and still intellect just 26 years old and still attempting to cultivate a mustache and attempting to cultivate a mustache and attempting to cultivate a mustache and beard Stein Mets who was gaining a beard Stein Mets who was gaining a beard Stein Mets who was gaining a reputation for his work on the law of reputation for his work on the law of reputation for his work on the law of hysteresis which involved a mathematical hysteresis which involved a mathematical hysteresis which involved a mathematical explanation that explained the lagging explanation that explained the lagging explanation that explained the lagging of magnetic effects when electromagnetic of magnetic effects when electromagnetic of magnetic effects when electromagnetic forces are changed recognized some flaws forces are changed recognized some flaws forces are changed recognized some flaws in pin's talk as this would be one of in pin's talk as this would be one of in pin's talk as this would be one of his earliest attempts to express himself his earliest attempts to express himself his earliest attempts to express himself before his peers in the difficult before his peers in the difficult before his peers in the difficult English language he carefully boled the English language he carefully boled the English language he carefully boled the addendum by bringing along calculations addendum by bringing along calculations addendum by bringing along calculations and drawings working in yonas Stein Mets and drawings working in yonas Stein Mets and drawings working in yonas Stein Mets had developed a singlephase commutator had developed a singlephase commutator had developed a singlephase commutator motor a year before in the summer of motor a year before in the summer of motor a year before in the summer of 1890 with brazenly long shoulder length 1890 with brazenly long shoulder length 1890 with brazenly long shoulder length hair The Gnome was dressed in a slightly hair The Gnome was dressed in a slightly hair The Gnome was dressed in a slightly wrinkled three-piece suit adorned with wrinkled three-piece suit adorned with wrinkled three-piece suit adorned with an opulent Watch chain and a pair of par an opulent Watch chain and a pair of par an opulent Watch chain and a pair of par that hung distinctively from a strap that hung distinctively from a strap that hung distinctively from a strap attached to his right collar standing to