Josephus Book 26 From the Great Extremity to which the Jews were reduced to the taking of Jerusalem

foreign foreign the wars of the Jews by Josephus the wars of the Jews by Josephus the wars of the Jews by Josephus translated by William Wiston book 6 translated by William Wiston book 6 translated by William Wiston book 6 containing the interval of about one containing the interval of about one containing the interval of about one month month month from the great extremity to which the from the great extremity to which the from the great extremity to which the Jews were reduced to The Taking of Jews were reduced to The Taking of Jews were reduced to The Taking of Jerusalem by Titus Jerusalem by Titus Jerusalem by Titus chapter 1. chapter 1. chapter 1. that the misery still grew worse and how that the misery still grew worse and how that the misery still grew worse and how the Romans made an assault upon the the Romans made an assault upon the the Romans made an assault upon the tower of Antonia tower of Antonia tower of Antonia 1. 1. 1. thus did the miseries of Jerusalem grow thus did the miseries of Jerusalem grow thus did the miseries of Jerusalem grow worse and worse every day and the worse and worse every day and the worse and worse every day and the seditious were still more irritated by seditious were still more irritated by seditious were still more irritated by the calamities they were under even the calamities they were under even the calamities they were under even while the famine prayed upon themselves while the famine prayed upon themselves while the famine prayed upon themselves after it had preyed upon the people and after it had preyed upon the people and after it had preyed upon the people and indeed the multitude of carcasses that indeed the multitude of carcasses that indeed the multitude of carcasses that lay in heaps one upon another was a lay in heaps one upon another was a lay in heaps one upon another was a horrible sight and produced a horrible sight and produced a horrible sight and produced a pestilential stench which was a pestilential stench which was a pestilential stench which was a hindrance to those that would make hindrance to those that would make hindrance to those that would make Sally's out of the city and fight the Sally's out of the city and fight the Sally's out of the city and fight the enemy but as those were to go in battle enemy but as those were to go in battle enemy but as those were to go in battle array who had been already used to ten array who had been already used to ten array who had been already used to ten thousand murders and must tread upon thousand murders and must tread upon thousand murders and must tread upon those dead bodies as they marched along those dead bodies as they marched along those dead bodies as they marched along so were not they terrified nor did they so were not they terrified nor did they so were not they terrified nor did they pity men as they marched over them nor pity men as they marched over them nor pity men as they marched over them nor did they deem this affront offered to did they deem this affront offered to did they deem this affront offered to the deceased to be any ill Omen to the deceased to be any ill Omen to the deceased to be any ill Omen to themselves but as they had their right themselves but as they had their right themselves but as they had their right hands already polluted with the murders hands already polluted with the murders hands already polluted with the murders of their own countrymen and in that of their own countrymen and in that of their own countrymen and in that condition ran out to fight with condition ran out to fight with condition ran out to fight with foreigners they seemed to me to have foreigners they seemed to me to have foreigners they seemed to me to have cast a reproach upon God himself as if

cast a reproach upon God himself as if cast a reproach upon God himself as if he were too slow in punishing them he were too slow in punishing them he were too slow in punishing them for the war was not now gone on with as for the war was not now gone on with as for the war was not now gone on with as if they had any Hope of Victory for they if they had any Hope of Victory for they if they had any Hope of Victory for they gloried after a brutish manner in that gloried after a brutish manner in that gloried after a brutish manner in that despair of Deliverance they were already despair of Deliverance they were already despair of Deliverance they were already in in in and now the Romans although they were and now the Romans although they were and now the Romans although they were greatly distressed in getting together greatly distressed in getting together greatly distressed in getting together their materials raised their banks in their materials raised their banks in their materials raised their banks in one in 20 days after they had cut down one in 20 days after they had cut down one in 20 days after they had cut down all the trees that were in the country all the trees that were in the country all the trees that were in the country that had joined to the city that had joined to the city that had joined to the city and that for 90 furlong's roundabout as and that for 90 furlong's roundabout as and that for 90 furlong's roundabout as I have already related I have already related I have already related and truly the very view itself of the and truly the very view itself of the and truly the very view itself of the country was a Melancholy thing for those country was a Melancholy thing for those country was a Melancholy thing for those places which were before adorned with places which were before adorned with places which were before adorned with trees and pleasant Gardens were now trees and pleasant Gardens were now trees and pleasant Gardens were now become a desolate country every way and become a desolate country every way and become a desolate country every way and its trees were all cut down its trees were all cut down its trees were all cut down nor could any Foreigner that had nor could any Foreigner that had nor could any Foreigner that had formally seen Judea and the most formally seen Judea and the most formally seen Judea and the most beautiful suburbs of the city and now beautiful suburbs of the city and now beautiful suburbs of the city and now saw it as a desert but lament and saw it as a desert but lament and saw it as a desert but lament and mourned sadly at so great a change for mourned sadly at so great a change for mourned sadly at so great a change for the war had laid all the signs of beauty the war had laid all the signs of beauty the war had laid all the signs of beauty quite waste quite waste quite waste nor if anyone that had known the place nor if anyone that had known the place nor if anyone that had known the place before had come on a sudden to it now before had come on a sudden to it now before had come on a sudden to it now would he have known it again would he have known it again would he have known it again but though he were at the city itself but though he were at the city itself but though he were at the city itself yet would he have inquired for it yet would he have inquired for it yet would he have inquired for it notwithstanding notwithstanding notwithstanding two two two and now the banks were finished they and now the banks were finished they and now the banks were finished they afforded a foundation for fear both to afforded a foundation for fear both to afforded a foundation for fear both to the Romans and to the Jews for the Jews the Romans and to the Jews for the Jews the Romans and to the Jews for the Jews expected that the city would be taken expected that the city would be taken expected that the city would be taken unless they could burn those Banks as

unless they could burn those Banks as unless they could burn those Banks as did the Romans expect that if these were did the Romans expect that if these were did the Romans expect that if these were once burnt down they should never be once burnt down they should never be once burnt down they should never be able to take it for there was a mighty able to take it for there was a mighty able to take it for there was a mighty scarcity of materials and the bodies of scarcity of materials and the bodies of scarcity of materials and the bodies of the soldiers began to fail with such the soldiers began to fail with such the soldiers began to fail with such hard labors as did their souls faint hard labors as did their souls faint hard labors as did their souls faint with so many instances of ill success with so many instances of ill success with so many instances of ill success nay the very calamities themselves that nay the very calamities themselves that nay the very calamities themselves that were in the city proved a greater were in the city proved a greater were in the city proved a greater discouragement to the Romans than those discouragement to the Romans than those discouragement to the Romans than those within the city for they found the within the city for they found the within the city for they found the fighting men of the Jews to be not at fighting men of the Jews to be not at fighting men of the Jews to be not at all mollified among such their sore all mollified among such their sore all mollified among such their sore Reflections while they had themselves Reflections while they had themselves Reflections while they had themselves perpetually less and less hopes of perpetually less and less hopes of perpetually less and less hopes of success and their Banks were forced to success and their Banks were forced to success and their Banks were forced to yield to the stratagems of the enemy yield to the stratagems of the enemy yield to the stratagems of the enemy their engines to the firmness of their their engines to the firmness of their their engines to the firmness of their wall and their closest fights to the wall and their closest fights to the wall and their closest fights to the boldness of their attack boldness of their attack boldness of their attack and what was their greatest and what was their greatest and what was their greatest discouragement of all they found the discouragement of all they found the discouragement of all they found the Jews courageous souls to be superior to Jews courageous souls to be superior to Jews courageous souls to be superior to the multitude of the miseries they were the multitude of the miseries they were the multitude of the miseries they were under by their sedition their famine and under by their sedition their famine and under by their sedition their famine and the war itself in so much that they were the war itself in so much that they were the war itself in so much that they were ready to imagine that the violence of ready to imagine that the violence of ready to imagine that the violence of their attacks was invincible and that their attacks was invincible and that their attacks was invincible and that the alacrity they showed would not be the alacrity they showed would not be the alacrity they showed would not be discouraged by their calamities for what discouraged by their calamities for what discouraged by their calamities for what would not those be able to Bear if they would not those be able to Bear if they would not those be able to Bear if they should be fortunate who turned their should be fortunate who turned their should be fortunate who turned their very misfortunes to the Improvement of very misfortunes to the Improvement of very misfortunes to the Improvement of their Valor their Valor their Valor these considerations made the Romans to these considerations made the Romans to these considerations made the Romans to keep a stronger guard about their Banks keep a stronger guard about their Banks keep a stronger guard about their Banks than they had formally had done than they had formally had done than they had formally had done three three three but now John and his party took care for

but now John and his party took care for but now John and his party took care for securing themselves afterward even in securing themselves afterward even in securing themselves afterward even in case this wall should be thrown down and case this wall should be thrown down and case this wall should be thrown down and fell to their work before the battering fell to their work before the battering fell to their work before the battering rams were brought against them rams were brought against them rams were brought against them yet did they not Compass what they yet did they not Compass what they yet did they not Compass what they endeavored to do but as they were gone endeavored to do but as they were gone endeavored to do but as they were gone out with their torches they came back out with their torches they came back out with their torches they came back under great discouragement before they under great discouragement before they under great discouragement before they came near to the banks and the reasons came near to the banks and the reasons came near to the banks and the reasons were these that in the first place their were these that in the first place their were these that in the first place their conduct did not seem to be unanimous but conduct did not seem to be unanimous but conduct did not seem to be unanimous but they went out in distinct parties and at they went out in distinct parties and at they went out in distinct parties and at distinct intervals and after a slow distinct intervals and after a slow distinct intervals and after a slow Manner and timorously and to say all on Manner and timorously and to say all on Manner and timorously and to say all on the word without a Jewish courage the word without a Jewish courage the word without a Jewish courage for they were now defective in what is for they were now defective in what is for they were now defective in what is peculiar to our nation that is in peculiar to our nation that is in peculiar to our nation that is in boldness in violence of assault and in boldness in violence of assault and in boldness in violence of assault and in running upon the enemy all together and running upon the enemy all together and running upon the enemy all together and in persevering in what they go about in persevering in what they go about in persevering in what they go about though they do not at first succeed in though they do not at first succeed in though they do not at first succeed in it it it but they now went out in a more languid but they now went out in a more languid but they now went out in a more languid manner than usual and at the same time manner than usual and at the same time manner than usual and at the same time found the Romans set an array and more found the Romans set an array and more found the Romans set an array and more courageous than ordinary and that they courageous than ordinary and that they courageous than ordinary and that they guarded their Banks both with their guarded their Banks both with their guarded their Banks both with their bodies and their entire armor and this bodies and their entire armor and this bodies and their entire armor and this to such a degree on all sides that they to such a degree on all sides that they to such a degree on all sides that they left no room for the fire to get among left no room for the fire to get among left no room for the fire to get among them and that every one of their souls them and that every one of their souls them and that every one of their souls was in such good courage that they would was in such good courage that they would was in such good courage that they would sooner die than desert their ranks for sooner die than desert their ranks for sooner die than desert their ranks for besides their notion that all their besides their notion that all their besides their notion that all their hopes were cut off in case these their hopes were cut off in case these their hopes were cut off in case these their Works were once burnt the soldiers were Works were once burnt the soldiers were Works were once burnt the soldiers were greatly ashamed that subtleties should

greatly ashamed that subtleties should greatly ashamed that subtleties should be quite too hard for courage Madness be quite too hard for courage Madness be quite too hard for courage Madness for armor multitude for skill and Jews for armor multitude for skill and Jews for armor multitude for skill and Jews for Romans the Romans had now also for Romans the Romans had now also for Romans the Romans had now also another advantage in that their engines another advantage in that their engines another advantage in that their engines for sieges cooperated with them in for sieges cooperated with them in for sieges cooperated with them in throwing darts and Stones as far as the throwing darts and Stones as far as the throwing darts and Stones as far as the Jews when they were coming out of the Jews when they were coming out of the Jews when they were coming out of the city city city whereby the man that fell became an whereby the man that fell became an whereby the man that fell became an impediment to him that was next to him impediment to him that was next to him impediment to him that was next to him as did the danger of going farther make as did the danger of going farther make as did the danger of going farther make them less zealous in their attempts and them less zealous in their attempts and them less zealous in their attempts and for those that had run under the darts for those that had run under the darts for those that had run under the darts some of them were terrified by the good some of them were terrified by the good some of them were terrified by the good order and closeness of the enemy's ranks order and closeness of the enemy's ranks order and closeness of the enemy's ranks before they came to a close fight and before they came to a close fight and before they came to a close fight and others were pricked with their Spears others were pricked with their Spears others were pricked with their Spears and turned back again at length they and turned back again at length they and turned back again at length they reproached one another for their reproached one another for their reproached one another for their cowardice and retired without doing cowardice and retired without doing cowardice and retired without doing anything anything anything this attack was made upon the first day this attack was made upon the first day this attack was made upon the first day of the month panemus of the month panemus of the month panemus tamus tamus tamus so when the Jews were retreated so when the Jews were retreated so when the Jews were retreated the Romans brought their engines the Romans brought their engines the Romans brought their engines although they had all the while Stones although they had all the while Stones although they had all the while Stones thrown at them from the Tower of Antonia thrown at them from the Tower of Antonia thrown at them from the Tower of Antonia and were assaulted by fire and sword and and were assaulted by fire and sword and and were assaulted by fire and sword and by all sorts of darts which necessity by all sorts of darts which necessity by all sorts of darts which necessity afforded the Jews to make use of afforded the Jews to make use of afforded the Jews to make use of for although these had great dependence for although these had great dependence for although these had great dependence on their own wall and a contempt of the on their own wall and a contempt of the on their own wall and a contempt of the Roman engines yet did they Endeavor to Roman engines yet did they Endeavor to Roman engines yet did they Endeavor to hinder the Romans from bringing them hinder the Romans from bringing them hinder the Romans from bringing them now these Romans struggled hard on the now these Romans struggled hard on the now these Romans struggled hard on the contrary to bring them as deeming that contrary to bring them as deeming that contrary to bring them as deeming that this Zeal of the Jews was in order to this Zeal of the Jews was in order to this Zeal of the Jews was in order to avoid any impression to be made on the

avoid any impression to be made on the avoid any impression to be made on the tower of Antonia because its wall was tower of Antonia because its wall was tower of Antonia because its wall was but weak and its foundations rotten but weak and its foundations rotten but weak and its foundations rotten however that Tower did not yield to the however that Tower did not yield to the however that Tower did not yield to the blows given it from the engines yet did blows given it from the engines yet did blows given it from the engines yet did the Romans bear The Impressions made by the Romans bear The Impressions made by the Romans bear The Impressions made by the enemy's darts which were perpetually the enemy's darts which were perpetually the enemy's darts which were perpetually cast at them and did not give way to any cast at them and did not give way to any cast at them and did not give way to any of those dangers That Came Upon them of those dangers That Came Upon them of those dangers That Came Upon them from above and so they brought their from above and so they brought their from above and so they brought their engines to bear engines to bear engines to bear but then as they were beneath the other but then as they were beneath the other but then as they were beneath the other and were sadly wounded by the Stones and were sadly wounded by the Stones and were sadly wounded by the Stones thrown down upon them some of them threw thrown down upon them some of them threw thrown down upon them some of them threw their Shields over their bodies and their Shields over their bodies and their Shields over their bodies and partly with their hands and partly with partly with their hands and partly with partly with their hands and partly with their bodies and partly with crows they their bodies and partly with crows they their bodies and partly with crows they undermined its foundations and with undermined its foundations and with undermined its foundations and with great pains they removed four of its great pains they removed four of its great pains they removed four of its stones stones stones then Knight Came Upon both sides and put then Knight Came Upon both sides and put then Knight Came Upon both sides and put an end to this struggle for the present an end to this struggle for the present an end to this struggle for the present however that night the wall was so however that night the wall was so however that night the wall was so shaken by the battering rams in that shaken by the battering rams in that shaken by the battering rams in that place where John had used his stratagem place where John had used his stratagem place where John had used his stratagem before and had undermined their banks before and had undermined their banks before and had undermined their banks that the ground then gave way and the that the ground then gave way and the that the ground then gave way and the wall fell down suddenly wall fell down suddenly wall fell down suddenly four four four when this accident had unexpectedly when this accident had unexpectedly when this accident had unexpectedly happened the minds of both parties were happened the minds of both parties were happened the minds of both parties were variously affected for though one would variously affected for though one would variously affected for though one would expect that the Jews would be expect that the Jews would be expect that the Jews would be discouraged because this fall of their discouraged because this fall of their discouraged because this fall of their wall was unexpected by them and they had wall was unexpected by them and they had wall was unexpected by them and they had made no provision in that case yet did made no provision in that case yet did made no provision in that case yet did they pull up their courage because the they pull up their courage because the they pull up their courage because the Tower of Antonia itself was still Tower of Antonia itself was still Tower of Antonia itself was still standing as was the unexpected joy of

standing as was the unexpected joy of standing as was the unexpected joy of the Romans at this fall of the wall soon the Romans at this fall of the wall soon the Romans at this fall of the wall soon quenched by the sight they had of quenched by the sight they had of quenched by the sight they had of another wall which John and his party another wall which John and his party another wall which John and his party had built within it however the attack had built within it however the attack had built within it however the attack of this second wall appeared to be of this second wall appeared to be of this second wall appeared to be easier than that of the former because easier than that of the former because easier than that of the former because it seemed a thing of Greater facility to it seemed a thing of Greater facility to it seemed a thing of Greater facility to get up to it through the parts of the get up to it through the parts of the get up to it through the parts of the former wall that were now thrown down former wall that were now thrown down former wall that were now thrown down this new wall appeared also to be much this new wall appeared also to be much this new wall appeared also to be much weaker than the Tower of Antonia and weaker than the Tower of Antonia and weaker than the Tower of Antonia and accordingly the Romans imagined that it accordingly the Romans imagined that it accordingly the Romans imagined that it had been erected so much on the sudden had been erected so much on the sudden had been erected so much on the sudden that they should soon overthrow it yet that they should soon overthrow it yet that they should soon overthrow it yet did not anybody Venture now to go up to did not anybody Venture now to go up to did not anybody Venture now to go up to this wall for that such as first this wall for that such as first this wall for that such as first ventured so to do must certainly be ventured so to do must certainly be ventured so to do must certainly be killed killed killed five five five and now Titus upon consideration that and now Titus upon consideration that and now Titus upon consideration that the alacrity of soldiers in war is the alacrity of soldiers in war is the alacrity of soldiers in war is chiefly excited by hopes and by good chiefly excited by hopes and by good chiefly excited by hopes and by good words and that exhortations and Promises words and that exhortations and Promises words and that exhortations and Promises do frequently make men to forget the do frequently make men to forget the do frequently make men to forget the hazards they run they sometimes to hazards they run they sometimes to hazards they run they sometimes to despise death itself despise death itself despise death itself got together the most courageous part of got together the most courageous part of got together the most courageous part of his army and tried what he could do with his army and tried what he could do with his army and tried what he could do with his men by these methods his men by these methods his men by these methods oh fellow soldiers said he to make an oh fellow soldiers said he to make an oh fellow soldiers said he to make an exhortation to men to do what hath no exhortation to men to do what hath no exhortation to men to do what hath no Peril in it is on that very account Peril in it is on that very account Peril in it is on that very account Inglorious to such to whom that Inglorious to such to whom that Inglorious to such to whom that exhortation is made and indeed so it is exhortation is made and indeed so it is exhortation is made and indeed so it is in him that makes the exhortation an in him that makes the exhortation an in him that makes the exhortation an argument of his own cowardice also argument of his own cowardice also argument of his own cowardice also I therefore think that such exhortations

I therefore think that such exhortations I therefore think that such exhortations ought then only to be made use of when ought then only to be made use of when ought then only to be made use of when Affairs are in a dangerous condition and Affairs are in a dangerous condition and Affairs are in a dangerous condition and yet are worthy of being attempted by yet are worthy of being attempted by yet are worthy of being attempted by everyone themselves accordingly I am everyone themselves accordingly I am everyone themselves accordingly I am fully of this same opinion with you that fully of this same opinion with you that fully of this same opinion with you that is a difficult task to go up this wall is a difficult task to go up this wall is a difficult task to go up this wall but that it is proper for those that but that it is proper for those that but that it is proper for those that desire reputation for their Valor to desire reputation for their Valor to desire reputation for their Valor to struggle with difficulties in such cases struggle with difficulties in such cases struggle with difficulties in such cases as will then appear when I have as will then appear when I have as will then appear when I have particularly shown that it is a brave particularly shown that it is a brave particularly shown that it is a brave thing to die with glory and that the thing to die with glory and that the thing to die with glory and that the courage here necessary shall not go courage here necessary shall not go courage here necessary shall not go unrewarded in those that first begin the unrewarded in those that first begin the unrewarded in those that first begin the attempt attempt attempt and let my first argument to move you to and let my first argument to move you to and let my first argument to move you to it be taken from what probably some it be taken from what probably some it be taken from what probably some would think reasonable to dissuade you I would think reasonable to dissuade you I would think reasonable to dissuade you I mean the constancy and patience of these mean the constancy and patience of these mean the constancy and patience of these Jews even under their ill successes Jews even under their ill successes Jews even under their ill successes for it is Unbecoming you who are Romans for it is Unbecoming you who are Romans for it is Unbecoming you who are Romans and my soldiers who have in peace been and my soldiers who have in peace been and my soldiers who have in peace been taught how to make Wars and who have taught how to make Wars and who have taught how to make Wars and who have also been used to conquer in those Wars also been used to conquer in those Wars also been used to conquer in those Wars to be inferior to Jews either in action to be inferior to Jews either in action to be inferior to Jews either in action of the hand or in Courage of the soul of the hand or in Courage of the soul of the hand or in Courage of the soul and this especially when you are at the and this especially when you are at the and this especially when you are at the conclusion of your Victory and are conclusion of your Victory and are conclusion of your Victory and are assisted by God himself assisted by God himself assisted by God himself for as to our misfortunes they have been for as to our misfortunes they have been for as to our misfortunes they have been owing to The Madness of the Jews while owing to The Madness of the Jews while owing to The Madness of the Jews while their sufferings have been owing to your their sufferings have been owing to your their sufferings have been owing to your Valor and to the assistance God hath Valor and to the assistance God hath Valor and to the assistance God hath afforded you afforded you afforded you for as to the seditions they have been for as to the seditions they have been for as to the seditions they have been in and the famine they are under and The in and the famine they are under and The in and the famine they are under and The Siege they now endure and the fall of

Siege they now endure and the fall of Siege they now endure and the fall of their walls without our engines what can their walls without our engines what can their walls without our engines what can they all be but demonstrations of God's they all be but demonstrations of God's they all be but demonstrations of God's anger against them and of his assistance anger against them and of his assistance anger against them and of his assistance afforded us afforded us afforded us it will not therefore be proper for you it will not therefore be proper for you it will not therefore be proper for you either to show yourselves inferior to either to show yourselves inferior to either to show yourselves inferior to those to whom you are really Superior or those to whom you are really Superior or those to whom you are really Superior or to betray that Divine assistance which to betray that Divine assistance which to betray that Divine assistance which is afforded you and indeed how can it be is afforded you and indeed how can it be is afforded you and indeed how can it be esteemed otherwise than a base and esteemed otherwise than a base and esteemed otherwise than a base and unworthy thing that while the Jews who unworthy thing that while the Jews who unworthy thing that while the Jews who need not be much ashamed if they be need not be much ashamed if they be need not be much ashamed if they be deserted because they have long learned deserted because they have long learned deserted because they have long learned to be slave to others to be slave to others to be slave to others do yet despise death that they may be so do yet despise death that they may be so do yet despise death that they may be so no longer and do make Sallys into the no longer and do make Sallys into the no longer and do make Sallys into the very midst of us frequently not in hopes very midst of us frequently not in hopes very midst of us frequently not in hopes of conquering us but merely for a of conquering us but merely for a of conquering us but merely for a demonstration of their courage demonstration of their courage demonstration of their courage we who have gotten possession of almost we who have gotten possession of almost we who have gotten possession of almost all the world that belongs to either all the world that belongs to either all the world that belongs to either land or sea to whom it would be a great land or sea to whom it would be a great land or sea to whom it would be a great shame if we do not conquer them do not shame if we do not conquer them do not shame if we do not conquer them do not at once undertake any attempt against at once undertake any attempt against at once undertake any attempt against our enemies wherein there is much danger our enemies wherein there is much danger our enemies wherein there is much danger but sit still idle with such Brave arms but sit still idle with such Brave arms but sit still idle with such Brave arms as we have and only wait till the famine as we have and only wait till the famine as we have and only wait till the famine and Fortune do our business themselves and Fortune do our business themselves and Fortune do our business themselves and this when we have it in our power and this when we have it in our power and this when we have it in our power with some small hazard with some small hazard with some small hazard to gain all that we desire to gain all that we desire to gain all that we desire for if we go up to this Tower of Antonia for if we go up to this Tower of Antonia for if we go up to this Tower of Antonia we gain the city for if there should be we gain the city for if there should be we gain the city for if there should be any more occasion for fighting against any more occasion for fighting against any more occasion for fighting against those within the city which I do not those within the city which I do not those within the city which I do not suppose there will suppose there will suppose there will since we shall then be upon the top of

since we shall then be upon the top of since we shall then be upon the top of the hill and be upon our enemies before the hill and be upon our enemies before the hill and be upon our enemies before they can have taken breath these they can have taken breath these they can have taken breath these advantages promise US no less than a advantages promise US no less than a advantages promise US no less than a certain and sudden victory certain and sudden victory certain and sudden victory footnote footnote footnote relined notes here very pertinently that relined notes here very pertinently that relined notes here very pertinently that the Tower of Antonia stood higher than the Tower of Antonia stood higher than the Tower of Antonia stood higher than the floor of the temple or Court the floor of the temple or Court the floor of the temple or Court adjoining to it and that accordingly adjoining to it and that accordingly adjoining to it and that accordingly they descended thence into the temple as they descended thence into the temple as they descended thence into the temple as Josephus elsewhere speaks also and a Josephus elsewhere speaks also and a Josephus elsewhere speaks also and a footnote footnote footnote as for myself I shall at present wave as for myself I shall at present wave as for myself I shall at present wave any Commendation of those who die in war any Commendation of those who die in war any Commendation of those who die in war and omit to speak of the immortality of and omit to speak of the immortality of and omit to speak of the immortality of those men who are slain in the midst of those men who are slain in the midst of those men who are slain in the midst of their martial bravery their martial bravery their martial bravery footnote in this speech of Titus we may footnote in this speech of Titus we may footnote in this speech of Titus we may clearly see the Notions which the Romans clearly see the Notions which the Romans clearly see the Notions which the Romans then had of death and of the Happy State then had of death and of the Happy State then had of death and of the Happy State of those who died bravely in war and of those who died bravely in war and of those who died bravely in war and that contrary a state of those who died that contrary a state of those who died that contrary a state of those who died ignobly in their beds by sickness ignobly in their beds by sickness ignobly in their beds by sickness well and here also produces two parallel well and here also produces two parallel well and here also produces two parallel passages the one out of etonia Janus passages the one out of etonia Janus passages the one out of etonia Janus marcelinus concerning the Alani that marcelinus concerning the Alani that marcelinus concerning the Alani that quote they judge that man happy who laid quote they judge that man happy who laid quote they judge that man happy who laid down his life in battle end quote the down his life in battle end quote the down his life in battle end quote the other of Valerius Maximus who says quote other of Valerius Maximus who says quote other of Valerius Maximus who says quote that the simbri and Celta Berry exalted that the simbri and Celta Berry exalted that the simbri and Celta Berry exalted for joy in the Army as being to go out for joy in the Army as being to go out for joy in the Army as being to go out of the world gloriously and happily of the world gloriously and happily of the world gloriously and happily end of quote and a footnote end of quote and a footnote end of quote and a footnote yet cannot I forbear to implicate upon yet cannot I forbear to implicate upon yet cannot I forbear to implicate upon those who are of contrary disposition

those who are of contrary disposition those who are of contrary disposition that they may die in time of Peace by that they may die in time of Peace by that they may die in time of Peace by some distemperer or other since their some distemperer or other since their some distemperer or other since their souls are condemned to the Grave souls are condemned to the Grave souls are condemned to the Grave together with their bodies together with their bodies together with their bodies for what man of virtue is there who does for what man of virtue is there who does for what man of virtue is there who does not know that those Souls which are not know that those Souls which are not know that those Souls which are severed from their fleshly bodies in severed from their fleshly bodies in severed from their fleshly bodies in battles by the sword are received by The battles by the sword are received by The battles by the sword are received by The Ether that purest developments and Ether that purest developments and Ether that purest developments and joined to that company which are placed joined to that company which are placed joined to that company which are placed Among the Stars that they become good Among the Stars that they become good Among the Stars that they become good demons and propitious Heroes and show demons and propitious Heroes and show demons and propitious Heroes and show themselves as such to their posterity themselves as such to their posterity themselves as such to their posterity afterwards afterwards afterwards while upon those Souls that wear away in while upon those Souls that wear away in while upon those Souls that wear away in and with their distempered bodies comes and with their distempered bodies comes and with their distempered bodies comes a Subterranean night to dissolve them to a Subterranean night to dissolve them to a Subterranean night to dissolve them to nothing and a deep Oblivion to take away nothing and a deep Oblivion to take away nothing and a deep Oblivion to take away all the remembrance of them and this all the remembrance of them and this all the remembrance of them and this notwithstanding they be clean from all notwithstanding they be clean from all notwithstanding they be clean from all spots and defilements of this world spots and defilements of this world spots and defilements of this world so that in this ease the Soul at the so that in this ease the Soul at the so that in this ease the Soul at the same time comes to the utmost bounds of same time comes to the utmost bounds of same time comes to the utmost bounds of its life and of its body and of its its life and of its body and of its its life and of its body and of its Memorial also Memorial also Memorial also but since he hath determined that death but since he hath determined that death but since he hath determined that death is to come of necessity upon all men a is to come of necessity upon all men a is to come of necessity upon all men a sword is a better instrument for that sword is a better instrument for that sword is a better instrument for that purpose than any disease whatsoever purpose than any disease whatsoever purpose than any disease whatsoever why is it not then a very mean thing for why is it not then a very mean thing for why is it not then a very mean thing for us not to yield up that to the public us not to yield up that to the public us not to yield up that to the public benefit which we must yield up to fate benefit which we must yield up to fate benefit which we must yield up to fate and this discourse have I made upon the and this discourse have I made upon the and this discourse have I made upon the supposition that those who at first supposition that those who at first supposition that those who at first attempt to go upon this wall must needs attempt to go upon this wall must needs attempt to go upon this wall must needs be killed in the attempt be killed in the attempt be killed in the attempt those still men of true courage have a

those still men of true courage have a those still men of true courage have a chance to escape even in the most chance to escape even in the most chance to escape even in the most hazardous undertakings hazardous undertakings hazardous undertakings for in the first place that part of the for in the first place that part of the for in the first place that part of the former wall that is thrown down is former wall that is thrown down is former wall that is thrown down is easily to be ascended and for the new easily to be ascended and for the new easily to be ascended and for the new built wall it is easily destroyed built wall it is easily destroyed built wall it is easily destroyed do you therefore many of you pull up do you therefore many of you pull up do you therefore many of you pull up your courage and set about this work and your courage and set about this work and your courage and set about this work and do you mutually encourage and assist one do you mutually encourage and assist one do you mutually encourage and assist one another and this your bravery will soon another and this your bravery will soon another and this your bravery will soon break the hearts of your enemies and break the hearts of your enemies and break the hearts of your enemies and perhaps such a glorious undertaking as perhaps such a glorious undertaking as perhaps such a glorious undertaking as yours is may be accomplished without yours is may be accomplished without yours is may be accomplished without bloodshed bloodshed bloodshed for although it is justly to be supposed for although it is justly to be supposed for although it is justly to be supposed that the Jews will try to hinder you at that the Jews will try to hinder you at that the Jews will try to hinder you at your first beginning to go up to them your first beginning to go up to them your first beginning to go up to them yet when you have once concealed yet when you have once concealed yet when you have once concealed yourselves from them and driven them yourselves from them and driven them yourselves from them and driven them away by force they will not be able to away by force they will not be able to away by force they will not be able to sustain your efforts against them any sustain your efforts against them any sustain your efforts against them any longer though but a few of you prevent longer though but a few of you prevent longer though but a few of you prevent them and get over the wall them and get over the wall them and get over the wall as for that person who first mounts the as for that person who first mounts the as for that person who first mounts the wall I should blush for shame if I did wall I should blush for shame if I did wall I should blush for shame if I did not make him to be envied of others by not make him to be envied of others by not make him to be envied of others by those rewards I would bestow upon him those rewards I would bestow upon him those rewards I would bestow upon him if such a one escape with his life he if such a one escape with his life he if such a one escape with his life he shall have the command of others that shall have the command of others that shall have the command of others that are now but his equals although it be are now but his equals although it be are now but his equals although it be true also that the greatest rewards will true also that the greatest rewards will true also that the greatest rewards will accrue to such as die in the attempt accrue to such as die in the attempt accrue to such as die in the attempt six six six upon this speech of Titus the rest of upon this speech of Titus the rest of upon this speech of Titus the rest of the multitude were afraided at so great the multitude were afraided at so great the multitude were afraided at so great a danger but there was one whose name a danger but there was one whose name a danger but there was one whose name was sabinus a soldier that served among was sabinus a soldier that served among was sabinus a soldier that served among the cohorts an Assyrian by birth

the cohorts an Assyrian by birth the cohorts an Assyrian by birth who appeared to be a very great who appeared to be a very great who appeared to be a very great fortitude both in the actions he had fortitude both in the actions he had fortitude both in the actions he had done and the courage of his soul he had done and the courage of his soul he had done and the courage of his soul he had shown although anybody would have shown although anybody would have shown although anybody would have thought before he came to his work that thought before he came to his work that thought before he came to his work that he was of such a weak constitution of he was of such a weak constitution of he was of such a weak constitution of body that he was not fit to be a soldier body that he was not fit to be a soldier body that he was not fit to be a soldier for his color was black his flesh was for his color was black his flesh was for his color was black his flesh was lean and thin and lay close together lean and thin and lay close together lean and thin and lay close together but there was a certain heroic soul that but there was a certain heroic soul that but there was a certain heroic soul that dwelt in this small body which body was dwelt in this small body which body was dwelt in this small body which body was indeed much too narrow for that peculiar indeed much too narrow for that peculiar indeed much too narrow for that peculiar courage which was in him courage which was in him courage which was in him accordingly he was the first that rose accordingly he was the first that rose accordingly he was the first that rose up when he thus spake I readily up when he thus spake I readily up when he thus spake I readily surrendered myself to thee Oh Caesar I surrendered myself to thee Oh Caesar I surrendered myself to thee Oh Caesar I first Ascend the wall and I heartily first Ascend the wall and I heartily first Ascend the wall and I heartily wish that my fortune may follow my wish that my fortune may follow my wish that my fortune may follow my courage and my resolution and if some courage and my resolution and if some courage and my resolution and if some ill Fortune grudged me the success of my ill Fortune grudged me the success of my ill Fortune grudged me the success of my undertaking take notice that my ill undertaking take notice that my ill undertaking take notice that my ill success will not be unexpected but that success will not be unexpected but that success will not be unexpected but that I choose death voluntarily for thy sake I choose death voluntarily for thy sake I choose death voluntarily for thy sake when he had said this and had spread out when he had said this and had spread out when he had said this and had spread out his shield over his head with his left his shield over his head with his left his shield over his head with his left hand with his right hand drawn his sword hand with his right hand drawn his sword hand with his right hand drawn his sword he marched up to the wall just about the he marched up to the wall just about the he marched up to the wall just about the sixth hour of the day sixth hour of the day sixth hour of the day there followed him 11 others and no more there followed him 11 others and no more there followed him 11 others and no more that resolved to imitate his bravery but that resolved to imitate his bravery but that resolved to imitate his bravery but still this was the principal person of still this was the principal person of still this was the principal person of them all and went first as excited by a them all and went first as excited by a them all and went first as excited by a Divine Fury Divine Fury Divine Fury now those that guarded the wall shot at now those that guarded the wall shot at now those that guarded the wall shot at them from thence and cast innumerable them from thence and cast innumerable them from thence and cast innumerable darts upon them from every side they

darts upon them from every side they darts upon them from every side they also rolled very large Stones upon them also rolled very large Stones upon them also rolled very large Stones upon them which overthrew some of those 11 that which overthrew some of those 11 that which overthrew some of those 11 that were with him but as for sabinus himself were with him but as for sabinus himself were with him but as for sabinus himself he met the darts that were cast at him he met the darts that were cast at him he met the darts that were cast at him and though he was overwhelmed with them and though he was overwhelmed with them and though he was overwhelmed with them yet did he not leave off the violence of yet did he not leave off the violence of yet did he not leave off the violence of his attack before he had gotten up on his attack before he had gotten up on his attack before he had gotten up on the top of the wall and it put the enemy the top of the wall and it put the enemy the top of the wall and it put the enemy to flight to flight to flight for as the Jews were astonished at his for as the Jews were astonished at his for as the Jews were astonished at his great strength and The Bravery of his great strength and The Bravery of his great strength and The Bravery of his soul and as with all they imagined more soul and as with all they imagined more soul and as with all they imagined more of them had got upon the wall than of them had got upon the wall than of them had got upon the wall than really had they were put to flight really had they were put to flight really had they were put to flight and now one cannot but complain here of and now one cannot but complain here of and now one cannot but complain here of Fortune as still envious at virtue and Fortune as still envious at virtue and Fortune as still envious at virtue and always hindering the performance of always hindering the performance of always hindering the performance of Glorious achievements this was the case Glorious achievements this was the case Glorious achievements this was the case of the man before us when he had just of the man before us when he had just of the man before us when he had just obtained his purpose for he then obtained his purpose for he then obtained his purpose for he then stumbled at a certain large Stone and stumbled at a certain large Stone and stumbled at a certain large Stone and fell down upon it headlong with a very fell down upon it headlong with a very fell down upon it headlong with a very great noise upon which the Jews turned great noise upon which the Jews turned great noise upon which the Jews turned back and when they saw him to be alone back and when they saw him to be alone back and when they saw him to be alone and fallen down also they threw darts at and fallen down also they threw darts at and fallen down also they threw darts at him from every side him from every side him from every side however he got upon his knee and covered however he got upon his knee and covered however he got upon his knee and covered himself with his shield and at the first himself with his shield and at the first himself with his shield and at the first defended himself against them and defended himself against them and defended himself against them and wounded many of those that came near him wounded many of those that came near him wounded many of those that came near him but he was soon forced to relax his but he was soon forced to relax his but he was soon forced to relax his right hand by the multitude of the right hand by the multitude of the right hand by the multitude of the wounds that had been given him till at wounds that had been given him till at wounds that had been given him till at length he was quite covered over with length he was quite covered over with length he was quite covered over with darts before he gave up the ghost darts before he gave up the ghost darts before he gave up the ghost he was one who deserved a better Fate by he was one who deserved a better Fate by he was one who deserved a better Fate by reason of his bravery but as might be reason of his bravery but as might be reason of his bravery but as might be expected he fell under so vast an

expected he fell under so vast an expected he fell under so vast an attempt attempt attempt as for the rest of his Partners the Jews as for the rest of his Partners the Jews as for the rest of his Partners the Jews dashed three of them to pieces with dashed three of them to pieces with dashed three of them to pieces with stones and slew them as they were gotten stones and slew them as they were gotten stones and slew them as they were gotten up to the top of the wall the other up to the top of the wall the other up to the top of the wall the other eight being wounded were pulled down and eight being wounded were pulled down and eight being wounded were pulled down and carried back to the camp carried back to the camp carried back to the camp these things were done upon the third these things were done upon the third these things were done upon the third day of the month panemus tamus day of the month panemus tamus day of the month panemus tamus seven seven seven now two days afterward twelve of those now two days afterward twelve of those now two days afterward twelve of those men that were on the Forefront and kept men that were on the Forefront and kept men that were on the Forefront and kept watch upon the banks got together and watch upon the banks got together and watch upon the banks got together and called to them the standard bearer of called to them the standard bearer of called to them the standard bearer of the fifth Legion and two others of a the fifth Legion and two others of a the fifth Legion and two others of a troop of Horsemen and one Trumpeter troop of Horsemen and one Trumpeter troop of Horsemen and one Trumpeter these went without noise about the ninth these went without noise about the ninth these went without noise about the ninth hour of the night through the ruins to hour of the night through the ruins to hour of the night through the ruins to the Tower of Antonia and when they had the Tower of Antonia and when they had the Tower of Antonia and when they had cut the throats of the first guards of cut the throats of the first guards of cut the throats of the first guards of the place as they were asleep they got the place as they were asleep they got the place as they were asleep they got possession of the wall and ordered the possession of the wall and ordered the possession of the wall and ordered the trumpeter to sound his trumpet trumpeter to sound his trumpet trumpeter to sound his trumpet upon which the rest of the Guard got up upon which the rest of the Guard got up upon which the rest of the Guard got up on the sudden and ran away before on the sudden and ran away before on the sudden and ran away before anybody could see how many they were anybody could see how many they were anybody could see how many they were that had gotten up for partly from the that had gotten up for partly from the that had gotten up for partly from the fear they were in and partly from the fear they were in and partly from the fear they were in and partly from the sound of the trumpet which they heard sound of the trumpet which they heard sound of the trumpet which they heard they imagined a great number of the they imagined a great number of the they imagined a great number of the enemy were gotten up enemy were gotten up enemy were gotten up but as soon as Caesar heard the signal but as soon as Caesar heard the signal but as soon as Caesar heard the signal he ordered the Army to put on their he ordered the Army to put on their he ordered the Army to put on their armor immediately and come thither with armor immediately and come thither with armor immediately and come thither with his commanders and first of all ascended his commanders and first of all ascended his commanders and first of all ascended as did the chosen men that were with him as did the chosen men that were with him as did the chosen men that were with him and as the Jews were flying away to the and as the Jews were flying away to the and as the Jews were flying away to the temple they fell into that mine which temple they fell into that mine which temple they fell into that mine which John had dug under the Roman Banks

John had dug under the Roman Banks John had dug under the Roman Banks then did the seditious of both the then did the seditious of both the then did the seditious of both the bodies of the Jewish Army as well that bodies of the Jewish Army as well that bodies of the Jewish Army as well that belonging to John as that belonging to belonging to John as that belonging to belonging to John as that belonging to Simon drive them away and indeed were no Simon drive them away and indeed were no Simon drive them away and indeed were no way wanting as to the highest degree of way wanting as to the highest degree of way wanting as to the highest degree of force and alacrity for they esteemed force and alacrity for they esteemed force and alacrity for they esteemed themselves entirely ruined if once the themselves entirely ruined if once the themselves entirely ruined if once the Romans got into the temple as did the Romans got into the temple as did the Romans got into the temple as did the Romans look upon the same thing as the Romans look upon the same thing as the Romans look upon the same thing as the beginning of their entire Conquest beginning of their entire Conquest beginning of their entire Conquest so a terrible battle was fought at the so a terrible battle was fought at the so a terrible battle was fought at the entrance of the temple while the Romans entrance of the temple while the Romans entrance of the temple while the Romans were forcing their way in order to get were forcing their way in order to get were forcing their way in order to get possession of that Temple and the Jews possession of that Temple and the Jews possession of that Temple and the Jews were driving them back to the Tower of were driving them back to the Tower of were driving them back to the Tower of Antonia in which battle of darts were on Antonia in which battle of darts were on Antonia in which battle of darts were on both sides useless as well as the Spears both sides useless as well as the Spears both sides useless as well as the Spears and both sides Drew their swords and and both sides Drew their swords and and both sides Drew their swords and fought it out hand to hand fought it out hand to hand fought it out hand to hand now during the struggle the positions of now during the struggle the positions of now during the struggle the positions of the men were undistinguished on both the men were undistinguished on both the men were undistinguished on both sides and they fought at random the men sides and they fought at random the men sides and they fought at random the men being intermixed one with another and being intermixed one with another and being intermixed one with another and confounded by reason of the narrowness confounded by reason of the narrowness confounded by reason of the narrowness of the place while the noise that was of the place while the noise that was of the place while the noise that was made fell on the ear after an indistinct made fell on the ear after an indistinct made fell on the ear after an indistinct manner because it was so very loud manner because it was so very loud manner because it was so very loud great Slaughter was now made on both great Slaughter was now made on both great Slaughter was now made on both sides and the combatants Trot upon the sides and the combatants Trot upon the sides and the combatants Trot upon the bodies and the armor of those that were bodies and the armor of those that were bodies and the armor of those that were dead and dashed them to Pieces dead and dashed them to Pieces dead and dashed them to Pieces accordingly accordingly accordingly to which side so ever the battle to which side so ever the battle to which side so ever the battle inclined those that had the advantage inclined those that had the advantage inclined those that had the advantage exhorted one another to go on as did exhorted one another to go on as did exhorted one another to go on as did those that were beaten make great those that were beaten make great those that were beaten make great lamentation but still there was no room

lamentation but still there was no room lamentation but still there was no room for flight nor for Pursuit for flight nor for Pursuit for flight nor for Pursuit but disorderly revolutions and Retreats but disorderly revolutions and Retreats but disorderly revolutions and Retreats while the armies were intermixed one while the armies were intermixed one while the armies were intermixed one with another but those that were in the with another but those that were in the with another but those that were in the first ranks were under the necessity of first ranks were under the necessity of first ranks were under the necessity of killing or being killed killing or being killed killing or being killed without any way of escaping for those on without any way of escaping for those on without any way of escaping for those on both sides that came behind forced those both sides that came behind forced those both sides that came behind forced those before them to go on before them to go on before them to go on without leaving any space between the without leaving any space between the without leaving any space between the armies at length the Jews violent Zeal armies at length the Jews violent Zeal armies at length the Jews violent Zeal was too hard for the Romans skill and was too hard for the Romans skill and was too hard for the Romans skill and the battle already inclined entirely the battle already inclined entirely the battle already inclined entirely that way for the fight had lasted from that way for the fight had lasted from that way for the fight had lasted from the ninth hour of the night till the the ninth hour of the night till the the ninth hour of the night till the seventh hour of the day seventh hour of the day seventh hour of the day while the Jews came on in crowds and had while the Jews came on in crowds and had while the Jews came on in crowds and had the danger the temple was in for their the danger the temple was in for their the danger the temple was in for their motive the Romans having no more here motive the Romans having no more here motive the Romans having no more here than a part of their army for those than a part of their army for those than a part of their army for those Legions on which the soldiers on that Legions on which the soldiers on that Legions on which the soldiers on that side depended were not come up to them side depended were not come up to them side depended were not come up to them so it was at present thought sufficient so it was at present thought sufficient so it was at present thought sufficient by the Romans to take possession of the by the Romans to take possession of the by the Romans to take possession of the Tower of Antonia Tower of Antonia Tower of Antonia 8.

8. 8. but there was one Julian a centurion but there was one Julian a centurion but there was one Julian a centurion that came from ithenya a man he was of that came from ithenya a man he was of that came from ithenya a man he was of great reputation whom I had formally great reputation whom I had formally great reputation whom I had formally seen in that war and one of the highest seen in that war and one of the highest seen in that war and one of the highest Fame both for his skill and War his Fame both for his skill and War his Fame both for his skill and War his strength of body and the courage of his strength of body and the courage of his strength of body and the courage of his soul soul soul this man seeing the Romans giving ground this man seeing the Romans giving ground this man seeing the Romans giving ground and Ill a sad condition for he stood by and Ill a sad condition for he stood by and Ill a sad condition for he stood by Titus at the tower of Antonia leaped out Titus at the tower of Antonia leaped out Titus at the tower of Antonia leaped out and of himself alone put the Jews to and of himself alone put the Jews to and of himself alone put the Jews to flight when they were already conquerors flight when they were already conquerors flight when they were already conquerors and made them retire as far as the and made them retire as far as the and made them retire as far as the corner of the inner Court of the Temple corner of the inner Court of the Temple corner of the inner Court of the Temple from him the multitude fled away in from him the multitude fled away in from him the multitude fled away in crowds as supposing that neither his crowds as supposing that neither his crowds as supposing that neither his strength nor his violent attacks could strength nor his violent attacks could strength nor his violent attacks could be those of a mere man be those of a mere man be those of a mere man accordingly he rushed through the midst accordingly he rushed through the midst accordingly he rushed through the midst of the Jews as they were dispersed all of the Jews as they were dispersed all of the Jews as they were dispersed all abroad and killed those that he caught abroad and killed those that he caught abroad and killed those that he caught nor indeed was there any sight that nor indeed was there any sight that nor indeed was there any sight that appeared more wonderful in the eyes of appeared more wonderful in the eyes of appeared more wonderful in the eyes of Caesar or more terrible to others than Caesar or more terrible to others than Caesar or more terrible to others than this this this however he was himself pursued by Fate however he was himself pursued by Fate however he was himself pursued by Fate which is not at all possible that he who which is not at all possible that he who which is not at all possible that he who was but a mortal man should Escape for was but a mortal man should Escape for was but a mortal man should Escape for as he had shoes all full of thick and as he had shoes all full of thick and as he had shoes all full of thick and sharp nails has had every one of the sharp nails has had every one of the sharp nails has had every one of the other soldiers so when he ran on the other soldiers so when he ran on the other soldiers so when he ran on the pavement of the temple he slipped and pavement of the temple he slipped and pavement of the temple he slipped and fell down upon his back with a very fell down upon his back with a very fell down upon his back with a very great noise which was made by his armor great noise which was made by his armor great noise which was made by his armor footnote no wonder that this Julian who footnote no wonder that this Julian who footnote no wonder that this Julian who had so many nails in his shoes slipped

had so many nails in his shoes slipped had so many nails in his shoes slipped upon the pavement of the temple which upon the pavement of the temple which upon the pavement of the temple which was smooth and laid with marble of was smooth and laid with marble of was smooth and laid with marble of different colors and footnote different colors and footnote different colors and footnote this made those that were running away this made those that were running away this made those that were running away to turn back whereupon those Romans that to turn back whereupon those Romans that to turn back whereupon those Romans that were in the tower of Antonia set up a were in the tower of Antonia set up a were in the tower of Antonia set up a great shout as they were in fear for the great shout as they were in fear for the great shout as they were in fear for the man man man but the Jews got about him in crowds and but the Jews got about him in crowds and but the Jews got about him in crowds and struck at him with their Spears and with struck at him with their Spears and with struck at him with their Spears and with their swords on all sides now he their swords on all sides now he their swords on all sides now he received a great many of The Strokes of received a great many of The Strokes of received a great many of The Strokes of these iron weapons upon his shield and these iron weapons upon his shield and these iron weapons upon his shield and often attempted to get up again but was often attempted to get up again but was often attempted to get up again but was thrown down by those that struck at him thrown down by those that struck at him thrown down by those that struck at him yet did he as he lay along stabbed many yet did he as he lay along stabbed many yet did he as he lay along stabbed many of them with his sword of them with his sword of them with his sword nor was he soon killed as being covered nor was he soon killed as being covered nor was he soon killed as being covered with his helmet and his breastplate and with his helmet and his breastplate and with his helmet and his breastplate and all those parts of the body where he all those parts of the body where he all those parts of the body where he might be mortally wounded he also pulled might be mortally wounded he also pulled might be mortally wounded he also pulled his neck close to his body till all his his neck close to his body till all his his neck close to his body till all his other limbs were shattered and nobody other limbs were shattered and nobody other limbs were shattered and nobody Durst come to defend him and then he Durst come to defend him and then he Durst come to defend him and then he yielded to his fate yielded to his fate yielded to his fate now Caesar was deeply affected on now Caesar was deeply affected on now Caesar was deeply affected on account of this man of so great account of this man of so great account of this man of so great fortitude and especially as he was fortitude and especially as he was fortitude and especially as he was killed in the sight of so many people he killed in the sight of so many people he killed in the sight of so many people he was desirous himself to come to his was desirous himself to come to his was desirous himself to come to his assistance but the place would not give assistance but the place would not give assistance but the place would not give him leave while such as could have done him leave while such as could have done him leave while such as could have done it were too much terrified to attempt it it were too much terrified to attempt it it were too much terrified to attempt it thus when Julian had struggled with thus when Julian had struggled with thus when Julian had struggled with death a great while and had let but few death a great while and had let but few death a great while and had let but few of those that had given him his mortal of those that had given him his mortal of those that had given him his mortal wound go off unhurt he had at last his wound go off unhurt he had at last his wound go off unhurt he had at last his throat cut though not without some throat cut though not without some throat cut though not without some difficulty and left behind him a very

difficulty and left behind him a very difficulty and left behind him a very great Fame not only among the Romans and great Fame not only among the Romans and great Fame not only among the Romans and with Caesar himself but among his with Caesar himself but among his with Caesar himself but among his enemies also enemies also enemies also then did the Jews catch up his dead body then did the Jews catch up his dead body then did the Jews catch up his dead body put the Romans to flight again and shut put the Romans to flight again and shut put the Romans to flight again and shut them up in the tower of Antonia them up in the tower of Antonia them up in the tower of Antonia now those that most signalized now those that most signalized now those that most signalized themselves and fought most zealously in themselves and fought most zealously in themselves and fought most zealously in this battle of the Jewish side or one this battle of the Jewish side or one this battle of the Jewish side or one Alexis and glyphius of John's party and Alexis and glyphius of John's party and Alexis and glyphius of John's party and of Simon's party were malachias and of Simon's party were malachias and of Simon's party were malachias and Judas the son of Myrtle and James the Judas the son of Myrtle and James the Judas the son of Myrtle and James the son of sosus the commander of the son of sosus the commander of the son of sosus the commander of the ijumians and of the zealots two Brethren ijumians and of the zealots two Brethren ijumians and of the zealots two Brethren Simon and Judas the sons of Jairus Simon and Judas the sons of Jairus Simon and Judas the sons of Jairus end of book 6 chapter 1. book 6 chapter 2 of the wars of the Jews book 6 chapter 2 of the wars of the Jews this is a LibriVox recording all this is a LibriVox recording all this is a LibriVox recording all LibriVox recordings are in the public LibriVox recordings are in the public LibriVox recordings are in the public domain for more information or to domain for more information or to domain for more information or to volunteer please visit librivox.org volunteer please visit librivox.org volunteer please visit librivox.org recording by Anne boulay recording by Anne boulay recording by Anne boulay the wars of the Jews by Josephus the wars of the Jews by Josephus the wars of the Jews by Josephus translated by William Winston chapter 2 translated by William Winston chapter 2 translated by William Winston chapter 2 how Titus gave orders to demolish the how Titus gave orders to demolish the how Titus gave orders to demolish the Tower of Antonia and the persuaded Tower of Antonia and the persuaded Tower of Antonia and the persuaded Josephus to exhort the Jews again to a Josephus to exhort the Jews again to a Josephus to exhort the Jews again to a surrender surrender surrender one and now Titus gave orders to his one and now Titus gave orders to his one and now Titus gave orders to his soldiers that were with him to dig up soldiers that were with him to dig up soldiers that were with him to dig up the foundations of the Tower of Antonia

the foundations of the Tower of Antonia the foundations of the Tower of Antonia and make him a ready passage for his and make him a ready passage for his and make him a ready passage for his army to come up while he himself had army to come up while he himself had army to come up while he himself had Josephus brought to him for he had been Josephus brought to him for he had been Josephus brought to him for he had been informed that on that very day which was informed that on that very day which was informed that on that very day which was the 17th day of panamus taymus the the 17th day of panamus taymus the the 17th day of panamus taymus the sacrifice called The Daily sacrifice had sacrifice called The Daily sacrifice had sacrifice called The Daily sacrifice had failed and had not been offered to God failed and had not been offered to God failed and had not been offered to God for wants of men to offer it and that for wants of men to offer it and that for wants of men to offer it and that the people were grievously troubled at the people were grievously troubled at the people were grievously troubled at it footnote this was a remarkable day it footnote this was a remarkable day it footnote this was a remarkable day indeed the 17th of panamus taymus ad70 indeed the 17th of panamus taymus ad70 indeed the 17th of panamus taymus ad70 when according to Daniel's prediction when according to Daniel's prediction when according to Daniel's prediction 606 years before the Romans in half a 606 years before the Romans in half a 606 years before the Romans in half a week caused the sacrifice and oblation week caused the sacrifice and oblation week caused the sacrifice and oblation to cease Daniel 9 verse 27 for from the to cease Daniel 9 verse 27 for from the to cease Daniel 9 verse 27 for from the month of February A.D 66 about which month of February A.D 66 about which month of February A.D 66 about which time Vespasian entered on this war to time Vespasian entered on this war to time Vespasian entered on this war to this very time was just three years and this very time was just three years and this very time was just three years and a half see Bishop Lloyd's tables of a half see Bishop Lloyd's tables of a half see Bishop Lloyd's tables of technology published by Mr Marshall on technology published by Mr Marshall on technology published by Mr Marshall on this year nor is it to be omitted what this year nor is it to be omitted what this year nor is it to be omitted what year nearly confirms this duration of year nearly confirms this duration of year nearly confirms this duration of the war that four years before the war the war that four years before the war the war that four years before the war begun was somewhat above seven years begun was somewhat above seven years begun was somewhat above seven years five months before the destruction of five months before the destruction of five months before the destruction of Jerusalem and footnote and commanded him Jerusalem and footnote and commanded him Jerusalem and footnote and commanded him to say the same things to John that he to say the same things to John that he to say the same things to John that he had said before that if he had any had said before that if he had any had said before that if he had any malicious inclination for fighting he malicious inclination for fighting he malicious inclination for fighting he might come out with as many of his men might come out with as many of his men might come out with as many of his men as he pleased in order to fight without as he pleased in order to fight without as he pleased in order to fight without the danger of destroying either his City the danger of destroying either his City the danger of destroying either his City or Temple but that he desired he would or Temple but that he desired he would or Temple but that he desired he would not defile the temple nor thereby offend not defile the temple nor thereby offend not defile the temple nor thereby offend against God that he might if he pleased

against God that he might if he pleased against God that he might if he pleased offer the sacrifices which were now offer the sacrifices which were now offer the sacrifices which were now discontinued by any of the Jews whom he discontinued by any of the Jews whom he discontinued by any of the Jews whom he should pitch upon upon this Josephus should pitch upon upon this Josephus should pitch upon upon this Josephus stood in such a place where he might be stood in such a place where he might be stood in such a place where he might be heard not by John only but by many more heard not by John only but by many more heard not by John only but by many more and then declared to them what Caesar and then declared to them what Caesar and then declared to them what Caesar had given him in charge and this in the had given him in charge and this in the had given him in charge and this in the Hebrew language Hebrew language Hebrew language footnote the same that in the New footnote the same that in the New footnote the same that in the New Testament is always so-called and was Testament is always so-called and was Testament is always so-called and was then the common language of the Jews in then the common language of the Jews in then the common language of the Jews in Judea which was the Syriac dialect and Judea which was the Syriac dialect and Judea which was the Syriac dialect and footnote footnote footnote so he earnestly prayed them to spare so he earnestly prayed them to spare so he earnestly prayed them to spare their own City and to prevent that fire their own City and to prevent that fire their own City and to prevent that fire which was just ready to seize upon the which was just ready to seize upon the which was just ready to seize upon the temple and to offer their usual temple and to offer their usual temple and to offer their usual sacrifices to God therein at these words sacrifices to God therein at these words sacrifices to God therein at these words of his a great sadness and silence were of his a great sadness and silence were of his a great sadness and silence were observed among the people but the Tyrant observed among the people but the Tyrant observed among the people but the Tyrant himself cast many reproaches upon himself cast many reproaches upon himself cast many reproaches upon Josephus with implications besides and Josephus with implications besides and Josephus with implications besides and at last added this with all that he did at last added this with all that he did at last added this with all that he did never Fear The Taking of the city never Fear The Taking of the city never Fear The Taking of the city because it was God's Own City in answer because it was God's Own City in answer because it was God's Own City in answer to which Josephus said thus with a loud to which Josephus said thus with a loud to which Josephus said thus with a loud voice to be sure thou Hast kept this voice to be sure thou Hast kept this voice to be sure thou Hast kept this city wonderfully pure for God's sake the city wonderfully pure for God's sake the city wonderfully pure for God's sake the temple also continues entirely temple also continues entirely temple also continues entirely unpolluted nor hast thou been guilty of unpolluted nor hast thou been guilty of unpolluted nor hast thou been guilty of Ally and piety against him for whose Ally and piety against him for whose Ally and piety against him for whose assistance thou hopest he still receives assistance thou hopest he still receives assistance thou hopest he still receives his accustomed sacrifices vile Rich that his accustomed sacrifices vile Rich that his accustomed sacrifices vile Rich that thou art if anyone should deprive thee thou art if anyone should deprive thee thou art if anyone should deprive thee of thy daily food thou wish to steam him of thy daily food thou wish to steam him of thy daily food thou wish to steam him to be an enemy to thee but thou hope is to be an enemy to thee but thou hope is to be an enemy to thee but thou hope is to have that God for thy supporter in to have that God for thy supporter in to have that God for thy supporter in this war whom thou Hast deprived of his

this war whom thou Hast deprived of his this war whom thou Hast deprived of his Everlasting worship and thou imperest Everlasting worship and thou imperest Everlasting worship and thou imperest those sins to the Romans who to this those sins to the Romans who to this those sins to the Romans who to this very time take care to have our laws very time take care to have our laws very time take care to have our laws observed and almost compel these observed and almost compel these observed and almost compel these sacrifices to be still offered to God sacrifices to be still offered to God sacrifices to be still offered to God which have by thy means been intermitted which have by thy means been intermitted which have by thy means been intermitted who is there that can avoid grounds and who is there that can avoid grounds and who is there that can avoid grounds and Lamentations at the amazing change that Lamentations at the amazing change that Lamentations at the amazing change that is made in this city since very is made in this city since very is made in this city since very foreigners and enemies do now correct foreigners and enemies do now correct foreigners and enemies do now correct that impiety which thou Hast occasion that impiety which thou Hast occasion that impiety which thou Hast occasion while thou who art a Jew and once while thou who art a Jew and once while thou who art a Jew and once educated in our laws art become a educated in our laws art become a educated in our laws art become a greater enemy to them than the others greater enemy to them than the others greater enemy to them than the others but still John it is never dishonorable but still John it is never dishonorable but still John it is never dishonorable to repent and amend what hath been done to repent and amend what hath been done to repent and amend what hath been done amiss even at the last extremity thou amiss even at the last extremity thou amiss even at the last extremity thou Hast an instance before thee in jaconia Hast an instance before thee in jaconia Hast an instance before thee in jaconia the king of the Jews footnote our the king of the Jews footnote our the king of the Jews footnote our present copies of the Old Testament want present copies of the Old Testament want present copies of the Old Testament want this zaconium upon king jaconia or this zaconium upon king jaconia or this zaconium upon king jaconia or jehoiakim which it seems was in jehoiakim which it seems was in jehoiakim which it seems was in josephus's copy and footnote if thou has josephus's copy and footnote if thou has josephus's copy and footnote if thou has a mind to save the city who when the a mind to save the city who when the a mind to save the city who when the king of Babylon made war against him did king of Babylon made war against him did king of Babylon made war against him did of his own accord to go out of the city of his own accord to go out of the city of his own accord to go out of the city before it was taken and did undergo a before it was taken and did undergo a before it was taken and did undergo a voluntary captivity with his family that voluntary captivity with his family that voluntary captivity with his family that the sanctuary might be delivered up to the sanctuary might be delivered up to the sanctuary might be delivered up to the enemy and that he might not see the the enemy and that he might not see the the enemy and that he might not see the house of God set on fire on which house of God set on fire on which house of God set on fire on which account he is celebrated among all the account he is celebrated among all the account he is celebrated among all the Jews in their sacred memorials and his Jews in their sacred memorials and his Jews in their sacred memorials and his memory has become immortal and will be memory has become immortal and will be memory has become immortal and will be conveyed fresh down to our posterity conveyed fresh down to our posterity conveyed fresh down to our posterity through all ages this John is an

through all ages this John is an through all ages this John is an excellent example in such a time of excellent example in such a time of excellent example in such a time of danger and I dare venture to promise danger and I dare venture to promise danger and I dare venture to promise that the Romans shall still forgive thee that the Romans shall still forgive thee that the Romans shall still forgive thee and take notice that I who make this and take notice that I who make this and take notice that I who make this exhortation to thee and one of thine own exhortation to thee and one of thine own exhortation to thee and one of thine own Nation I who am a Jew do make this Nation I who am a Jew do make this Nation I who am a Jew do make this promise to thee and it will become thee promise to thee and it will become thee promise to thee and it will become thee to consider who I am that give thee this to consider who I am that give thee this to consider who I am that give thee this counsel and once I am derived for while counsel and once I am derived for while counsel and once I am derived for while I am alive I shall never be in such I am alive I shall never be in such I am alive I shall never be in such slavery as to forego my own Kindred or slavery as to forego my own Kindred or slavery as to forego my own Kindred or forget the laws of our forefathers thou forget the laws of our forefathers thou forget the laws of our forefathers thou Hast indignation at me again and make us Hast indignation at me again and make us Hast indignation at me again and make us a clamor at me and reproaches me indeed a clamor at me and reproaches me indeed a clamor at me and reproaches me indeed I cannot deny but I am worthy of worse I cannot deny but I am worthy of worse I cannot deny but I am worthy of worse treatment than all this amounts to treatment than all this amounts to treatment than all this amounts to because in opposition to fate I make because in opposition to fate I make because in opposition to fate I make this kind invitation to thee and this kind invitation to thee and this kind invitation to thee and Endeavor to force Deliverance upon those Endeavor to force Deliverance upon those Endeavor to force Deliverance upon those whom God hath condemned and who is there whom God hath condemned and who is there whom God hath condemned and who is there that does not know what the writings of that does not know what the writings of that does not know what the writings of the ancient prophets contain in them and the ancient prophets contain in them and the ancient prophets contain in them and particularly that Oracle which is just particularly that Oracle which is just particularly that Oracle which is just now going to be fulfilled upon this now going to be fulfilled upon this now going to be fulfilled upon this miserable City for they foretold that miserable City for they foretold that miserable City for they foretold that this city should be taken when someone this city should be taken when someone this city should be taken when someone shall begin the slaughter of his own shall begin the slaughter of his own shall begin the slaughter of his own countrymen and are not both the city and countrymen and are not both the city and countrymen and are not both the city and the entire Temple now full of the dead the entire Temple now full of the dead the entire Temple now full of the dead bodies of your countrymen it is God bodies of your countrymen it is God bodies of your countrymen it is God therefore it is God himself who is therefore it is God himself who is therefore it is God himself who is bringing on this fire to purge that City bringing on this fire to purge that City bringing on this fire to purge that City and Temple by means of the Romans and is and Temple by means of the Romans and is and Temple by means of the Romans and is going to pluck up this city which is going to pluck up this city which is going to pluck up this city which is full of your pollutions full of your pollutions full of your pollutions footnote Josephus both here and in many footnote Josephus both here and in many footnote Josephus both here and in many places elsewhere speaks so that it is

places elsewhere speaks so that it is places elsewhere speaks so that it is most evident he was fully satisfied that most evident he was fully satisfied that most evident he was fully satisfied that God was on the Roman side and made use God was on the Roman side and made use God was on the Roman side and made use of them now for the destruction of that of them now for the destruction of that of them now for the destruction of that Wicked nation of the Jews which was for Wicked nation of the Jews which was for Wicked nation of the Jews which was for certain the true state of this matter as certain the true state of this matter as certain the true state of this matter as the Prophet Daniel first and our savior the Prophet Daniel first and our savior the Prophet Daniel first and our savior himself afterwards had clearly foretold himself afterwards had clearly foretold himself afterwards had clearly foretold and footnote and footnote and footnote two as Joseph spoke these words with two as Joseph spoke these words with two as Joseph spoke these words with grounds and tears in his eyes his voice grounds and tears in his eyes his voice grounds and tears in his eyes his voice was intercepted by sobs however the was intercepted by sobs however the was intercepted by sobs however the Romans could not but pity the Affliction Romans could not but pity the Affliction Romans could not but pity the Affliction he was under and wander at his conduct he was under and wander at his conduct he was under and wander at his conduct but for John and those that were with but for John and those that were with but for John and those that were with him they were but the more exasperated him they were but the more exasperated him they were but the more exasperated against the Romans on this account and against the Romans on this account and against the Romans on this account and were desires to get Josephus also into were desires to get Josephus also into were desires to get Josephus also into their power yet did that discourse their power yet did that discourse their power yet did that discourse influence a great many of the better influence a great many of the better influence a great many of the better sort and truly some of them were so sort and truly some of them were so sort and truly some of them were so afraid of the Guard set by the seditious afraid of the Guard set by the seditious afraid of the Guard set by the seditious that they tarried where they were but that they tarried where they were but that they tarried where they were but still were satisfied that both they and still were satisfied that both they and still were satisfied that both they and the city were doomed to destruction some the city were doomed to destruction some the city were doomed to destruction some also there were who watching a proper also there were who watching a proper also there were who watching a proper opportunity when they might quietly get opportunity when they might quietly get opportunity when they might quietly get away fled to the Romans of whom were the away fled to the Romans of whom were the away fled to the Romans of whom were the high priest Joseph and Jesus and of the high priest Joseph and Jesus and of the high priest Joseph and Jesus and of the sons of the high priest III whose father sons of the high priest III whose father sons of the high priest III whose father was Ishmael was beheaded in Cyrene and was Ishmael was beheaded in Cyrene and was Ishmael was beheaded in Cyrene and four sons of Matthias as also one son of four sons of Matthias as also one son of four sons of Matthias as also one son of the other Matthias who ran away after the other Matthias who ran away after the other Matthias who ran away after his father's death footnotes Josephus his father's death footnotes Josephus his father's death footnotes Josephus had told us before that this fourth son had told us before that this fourth son had told us before that this fourth son of Matthias ran away to the Romans of Matthias ran away to the Romans of Matthias ran away to the Romans before his father's and Brethren before his father's and Brethren before his father's and Brethren Slaughter and not after it as here the Slaughter and not after it as here the Slaughter and not after it as here the former account is in all probability the

former account is in all probability the former account is in all probability the truest for had not that fourth son truest for had not that fourth son truest for had not that fourth son Escape before the others were caught and Escape before the others were caught and Escape before the others were caught and put to death he had been caught and put put to death he had been caught and put put to death he had been caught and put to death with them this last account to death with them this last account to death with them this last account therefore looks like an instance of a therefore looks like an instance of a therefore looks like an instance of a small inadvertence of Josephus in the small inadvertence of Josephus in the small inadvertence of Josephus in the place before us and footnotes and whose place before us and footnotes and whose place before us and footnotes and whose father was slain by Simon the son of father was slain by Simon the son of father was slain by Simon the son of gioris with three of his sons as I have gioris with three of his sons as I have gioris with three of his sons as I have already related many also of the other already related many also of the other already related many also of the other nobility went over to the Romans nobility went over to the Romans nobility went over to the Romans together with the high priests now together with the high priests now together with the high priests now Caesar not only received these men very Caesar not only received these men very Caesar not only received these men very kindly in other respects but knowing kindly in other respects but knowing kindly in other respects but knowing they would not willingly live after the they would not willingly live after the they would not willingly live after the customs of other nations he sent them to customs of other nations he sent them to customs of other nations he sent them to gophna and desired them to remain there gophna and desired them to remain there gophna and desired them to remain there for the present and told them that when for the present and told them that when for the present and told them that when he was gotten clear of this war he would he was gotten clear of this war he would he was gotten clear of this war he would restore each of them to their restore each of them to their restore each of them to their possessions again so they cheerful possessions again so they cheerful possessions again so they cheerful retired to that small city which was retired to that small city which was retired to that small city which was allotted them without fear of any danger allotted them without fear of any danger allotted them without fear of any danger but as they did not appear the seditious but as they did not appear the seditious but as they did not appear the seditious gave out again that these deserters were gave out again that these deserters were gave out again that these deserters were slain by the Romans which was done in slain by the Romans which was done in slain by the Romans which was done in order to deter the rest from running order to deter the rest from running order to deter the rest from running away by fear of the light treatment this away by fear of the light treatment this away by fear of the light treatment this trick of theirs succeeded now for a trick of theirs succeeded now for a trick of theirs succeeded now for a while as did the like trick before for while as did the like trick before for while as did the like trick before for the rest were hereby deterred from the rest were hereby deterred from the rest were hereby deterred from deserting by fear of the like treatment deserting by fear of the like treatment deserting by fear of the like treatment three however when Titus had recalled three however when Titus had recalled three however when Titus had recalled those men from gophna he gave orders those men from gophna he gave orders those men from gophna he gave orders that they should go around the wall that they should go around the wall that they should go around the wall together with Josephus and show together with Josephus and show together with Josephus and show themselves to the people upon which a themselves to the people upon which a themselves to the people upon which a great many fled to the Romans these men great many fled to the Romans these men great many fled to the Romans these men also got in a great number together and also got in a great number together and also got in a great number together and stood before the Romans and besought the

stood before the Romans and besought the stood before the Romans and besought the seditious with groans and Tears in their seditious with groans and Tears in their seditious with groans and Tears in their eyes in the first place to receive the eyes in the first place to receive the eyes in the first place to receive the Romans entirely into the City and save Romans entirely into the City and save Romans entirely into the City and save that their own place of residence again that their own place of residence again that their own place of residence again but that if they would not agree to such but that if they would not agree to such but that if they would not agree to such a proposal they would at least depart a proposal they would at least depart a proposal they would at least depart out of the temple and save the holy out of the temple and save the holy out of the temple and save the holy house for their own use for that the house for their own use for that the house for their own use for that the Romans would not venture to set the Romans would not venture to set the Romans would not venture to set the sanctuary on fire but under the most sanctuary on fire but under the most sanctuary on fire but under the most pressing necessity yet did the sedish is pressing necessity yet did the sedish is pressing necessity yet did the sedish is still more and more contradict them and still more and more contradict them and still more and more contradict them and while they cast loud and bitter while they cast loud and bitter while they cast loud and bitter reproaches upon these deserters they reproaches upon these deserters they reproaches upon these deserters they also set their engines for throwing of also set their engines for throwing of also set their engines for throwing of darts and javelins and Stones upon the darts and javelins and Stones upon the darts and javelins and Stones upon the sacred Gates of the temple at due sacred Gates of the temple at due sacred Gates of the temple at due distances from one another in so much distances from one another in so much distances from one another in so much that all the space round about within that all the space round about within that all the space round about within the temple might be compared to a Varian the temple might be compared to a Varian the temple might be compared to a Varian ground so great was the number of the ground so great was the number of the ground so great was the number of the dead bodies therein as might the Holy dead bodies therein as might the Holy dead bodies therein as might the Holy House itself be compared to a citadel House itself be compared to a citadel House itself be compared to a citadel accordingly these men rushed upon these accordingly these men rushed upon these accordingly these men rushed upon these holy places in their armor that were holy places in their armor that were holy places in their armor that were otherwise unapproachable and that while otherwise unapproachable and that while otherwise unapproachable and that while their hands were yet warm with the blood their hands were yet warm with the blood their hands were yet warm with the blood of their own people which they had shed of their own people which they had shed of their own people which they had shed nay they proceeded to such great nay they proceeded to such great nay they proceeded to such great transgressions that the very same transgressions that the very same transgressions that the very same indignation which Jews would naturally indignation which Jews would naturally indignation which Jews would naturally have against Romans had they been guilty have against Romans had they been guilty have against Romans had they been guilty of such abuses against them the Romans of such abuses against them the Romans of such abuses against them the Romans now had against the Jews for their now had against the Jews for their now had against the Jews for their impiety in regard to their own religious impiety in regard to their own religious impiety in regard to their own religious Customs nay indeed there were none of Customs nay indeed there were none of Customs nay indeed there were none of the Roman soldiers who did not look with the Roman soldiers who did not look with the Roman soldiers who did not look with a sacred horror upon the holy house and a sacred horror upon the holy house and a sacred horror upon the holy house and adored it and wished that the robbers adored it and wished that the robbers adored it and wished that the robbers would repent before their miseries would repent before their miseries would repent before their miseries became incurable four now Titus was

became incurable four now Titus was became incurable four now Titus was deeply affected with this state of deeply affected with this state of deeply affected with this state of things and reproached John in his party things and reproached John in his party things and reproached John in his party and said to them have not you vile and said to them have not you vile and said to them have not you vile wretches that you are by our permission wretches that you are by our permission wretches that you are by our permission put up this partition wall before your put up this partition wall before your put up this partition wall before your Sanctuary have not you been allowed to Sanctuary have not you been allowed to Sanctuary have not you been allowed to put up the pillars thereto belonging at put up the pillars thereto belonging at put up the pillars thereto belonging at due distances and on it to engrave in due distances and on it to engrave in due distances and on it to engrave in Greek and in your own letters this Greek and in your own letters this Greek and in your own letters this prohibition that no Foreigner should go prohibition that no Foreigner should go prohibition that no Foreigner should go beyond this wall footnote of this beyond this wall footnote of this beyond this wall footnote of this partition while separating Jews and partition while separating Jews and partition while separating Jews and Gentiles with its pillars and Gentiles with its pillars and Gentiles with its pillars and inscription see the description of inscription see the description of inscription see the description of temples chapter 15 and footnotes have temples chapter 15 and footnotes have temples chapter 15 and footnotes have not we given you leave to kill such as not we given you leave to kill such as not we given you leave to kill such as go beyond it though he were a Roman and go beyond it though he were a Roman and go beyond it though he were a Roman and what do you do now you pernicious what do you do now you pernicious what do you do now you pernicious villains why do you trample upon dead villains why do you trample upon dead villains why do you trample upon dead bodies in this Temple and why do you bodies in this Temple and why do you bodies in this Temple and why do you pollute this holy house with the blood pollute this holy house with the blood pollute this holy house with the blood of both foreigners and Jews themselves I of both foreigners and Jews themselves I of both foreigners and Jews themselves I appeal to the gods of my own country and appeal to the gods of my own country and appeal to the gods of my own country and to every God that ever had any regard to to every God that ever had any regard to to every God that ever had any regard to this place for I do not suppose it to be this place for I do not suppose it to be this place for I do not suppose it to be now regarded by any of them I also now regarded by any of them I also now regarded by any of them I also appeal to my own Army and to those Jews appeal to my own Army and to those Jews appeal to my own Army and to those Jews that are now with me and even to that are now with me and even to that are now with me and even to yourselves that I do not force you to yourselves that I do not force you to yourselves that I do not force you to defy while this year's sanctuary and if defy while this year's sanctuary and if defy while this year's sanctuary and if you will but change the place where on you will but change the place where on you will but change the place where on you will fight no Roman shall either you will fight no Roman shall either you will fight no Roman shall either come near your Sanctuary or offer any come near your Sanctuary or offer any come near your Sanctuary or offer any affront to it nay I will endeavor to affront to it nay I will endeavor to affront to it nay I will endeavor to preserve your Holy House whether you preserve your Holy House whether you preserve your Holy House whether you will or not will or not will or not footnote that these seditious Jews were footnote that these seditious Jews were footnote that these seditious Jews were the direct occasions of their own the direct occasions of their own the direct occasions of their own destruction and the conflagration of

destruction and the conflagration of destruction and the conflagration of their city and Temple and that Titus their city and Temple and that Titus their city and Temple and that Titus earnestly and constantly labor to save earnestly and constantly labor to save earnestly and constantly labor to save both is here and everywhere most evident both is here and everywhere most evident both is here and everywhere most evident in Josephus and footnote 5. as Josephus in Josephus and footnote 5. as Josephus in Josephus and footnote 5. as Josephus explained these things from the mouth of explained these things from the mouth of explained these things from the mouth of Caesar both the robbers and the Tyrant Caesar both the robbers and the Tyrant Caesar both the robbers and the Tyrant thought these exhortations proceeded thought these exhortations proceeded thought these exhortations proceeded from titus's fear and not from his Good from titus's fear and not from his Good from titus's fear and not from his Good Will to them and grew insolent upon it Will to them and grew insolent upon it Will to them and grew insolent upon it but when Titus saw that these men were but when Titus saw that these men were but when Titus saw that these men were neither to be moved by commiseration neither to be moved by commiseration neither to be moved by commiseration towards themselves nor had any concern towards themselves nor had any concern towards themselves nor had any concern upon them to have the Holy House spared upon them to have the Holy House spared upon them to have the Holy House spared he proceeded unwillingly to go on again he proceeded unwillingly to go on again he proceeded unwillingly to go on again with the war against them he could not with the war against them he could not with the war against them he could not indeed bring all his Army against them indeed bring all his Army against them indeed bring all his Army against them the place was so narrow but choosing 30 the place was so narrow but choosing 30 the place was so narrow but choosing 30 soldiers of the most Valiant out of soldiers of the most Valiant out of soldiers of the most Valiant out of every hundred and committing a thousand every hundred and committing a thousand every hundred and committing a thousand to each Tribune and making cerealis to each Tribune and making cerealis to each Tribune and making cerealis their commander-in-chief he gave orders their commander-in-chief he gave orders their commander-in-chief he gave orders that they should attack the guards of that they should attack the guards of that they should attack the guards of the temple about the ninth hour of that the temple about the ninth hour of that the temple about the ninth hour of that night but as he was now in his armor and night but as he was now in his armor and night but as he was now in his armor and preparing to go down with them his preparing to go down with them his preparing to go down with them his friends would not let him go by reason friends would not let him go by reason friends would not let him go by reason of the greatness of the danger and what of the greatness of the danger and what of the greatness of the danger and what the commander suggested to them for they the commander suggested to them for they the commander suggested to them for they said he would do more by sitting above said he would do more by sitting above said he would do more by sitting above in the tower of Antonia as a dispenser in the tower of Antonia as a dispenser in the tower of Antonia as a dispenser of rewards to those soldiers that of rewards to those soldiers that of rewards to those soldiers that signalized themselves in the fight down signalized themselves in the fight down signalized themselves in the fight down by going down and hazarding his own by going down and hazarding his own by going down and hazarding his own person in the Forefront of them for that person in the Forefront of them for that person in the Forefront of them for that they would all fight stoutly while they would all fight stoutly while they would all fight stoutly while Caesar looked upon them with this advice Caesar looked upon them with this advice Caesar looked upon them with this advice Caesar complied and said that the only Caesar complied and said that the only Caesar complied and said that the only reason he had for such compliance with reason he had for such compliance with reason he had for such compliance with the soldiers was this that he might be the soldiers was this that he might be the soldiers was this that he might be able to judge their courageous actions

able to judge their courageous actions able to judge their courageous actions and that no Valiant Soldier might lie and that no Valiant Soldier might lie and that no Valiant Soldier might lie concealed and miss his reward and no concealed and miss his reward and no concealed and miss his reward and no cowardly Soldier might go unpunished but cowardly Soldier might go unpunished but cowardly Soldier might go unpunished but that he might himself be an eyewitness that he might himself be an eyewitness that he might himself be an eyewitness and able to give evidence of all that and able to give evidence of all that and able to give evidence of all that was done who was to be the disposer of was done who was to be the disposer of was done who was to be the disposer of punishments and rewards to them so he punishments and rewards to them so he punishments and rewards to them so he sent the soldiers about their work at sent the soldiers about their work at sent the soldiers about their work at the hour aforementioned while he went the hour aforementioned while he went the hour aforementioned while he went out himself to a higher place in the out himself to a higher place in the out himself to a higher place in the tower of Antonia once he might see what tower of Antonia once he might see what tower of Antonia once he might see what was done and there waited with was done and there waited with was done and there waited with impatience to see the event impatience to see the event impatience to see the event six six six however the soldiers that were sent did however the soldiers that were sent did however the soldiers that were sent did not find the guards of the temple asleep not find the guards of the temple asleep not find the guards of the temple asleep as they hoped to have done but were as they hoped to have done but were as they hoped to have done but were obliged to fight with them immediately obliged to fight with them immediately obliged to fight with them immediately hand to hand as they rushed with hand to hand as they rushed with hand to hand as they rushed with violence upon them with a great shout violence upon them with a great shout violence upon them with a great shout now as soon as the rest within the now as soon as the rest within the now as soon as the rest within the temple heard that shout of those that temple heard that shout of those that temple heard that shout of those that were upon the watch they ran out in were upon the watch they ran out in were upon the watch they ran out in troops upon them then did the Romans troops upon them then did the Romans troops upon them then did the Romans receive the onset of those that came receive the onset of those that came receive the onset of those that came first upon them but those that followed first upon them but those that followed first upon them but those that followed them fell upon their own troops and many them fell upon their own troops and many them fell upon their own troops and many of them treated their own soldiers as if of them treated their own soldiers as if of them treated their own soldiers as if they had been the enemies for the great they had been the enemies for the great they had been the enemies for the great confused noise that was made on both confused noise that was made on both confused noise that was made on both sides hindered them from a sides hindered them from a sides hindered them from a distinguishing one another's voices as distinguishing one another's voices as distinguishing one another's voices as did the darkness of the night hinder did the darkness of the night hinder did the darkness of the night hinder them from the light distinction by the them from the light distinction by the them from the light distinction by the sight besides that blindness which arose sight besides that blindness which arose sight besides that blindness which arose otherwise also from the passion and the otherwise also from the passion and the otherwise also from the passion and the fear they were in at the same time for fear they were in at the same time for fear they were in at the same time for which reason it was all one to the which reason it was all one to the which reason it was all one to the soldiers who it was they struck at soldiers who it was they struck at soldiers who it was they struck at however this ignorance did less harm to however this ignorance did less harm to however this ignorance did less harm to the Romans than to the Jews because they the Romans than to the Jews because they the Romans than to the Jews because they were joined together under their Shields

were joined together under their Shields were joined together under their Shields and made their salaries more regularly and made their salaries more regularly and made their salaries more regularly than the others did and each of them than the others did and each of them than the others did and each of them remembered their watch word while the remembered their watch word while the remembered their watch word while the Jews were perpetually dispersed abroad Jews were perpetually dispersed abroad Jews were perpetually dispersed abroad and made their attacks and Retreats at and made their attacks and Retreats at and made their attacks and Retreats at random and so did frequently seem to one random and so did frequently seem to one random and so did frequently seem to one another to be enemies for every one of another to be enemies for every one of another to be enemies for every one of them received those of their own men them received those of their own men them received those of their own men that came back in the Dark As Romans and that came back in the Dark As Romans and that came back in the Dark As Romans and made an assault upon them so that more made an assault upon them so that more made an assault upon them so that more of them were wounded by their own men of them were wounded by their own men of them were wounded by their own men than by the enemy till upon the coming than by the enemy till upon the coming than by the enemy till upon the coming of the day the nature of the right was of the day the nature of the right was of the day the nature of the right was discerned by the I afterward then did discerned by the I afterward then did discerned by the I afterward then did they stand in battle array in distinct they stand in battle array in distinct they stand in battle array in distinct bodies and cast their darts regularly bodies and cast their darts regularly bodies and cast their darts regularly and regularly defended themselves nor and regularly defended themselves nor and regularly defended themselves nor did either side yield or grow weary the did either side yield or grow weary the did either side yield or grow weary the Romans contended with each other who Romans contended with each other who Romans contended with each other who should fight the most strenuously both should fight the most strenuously both should fight the most strenuously both single men and entire regiments as being single men and entire regiments as being single men and entire regiments as being under the eye of Titus and everyone under the eye of Titus and everyone under the eye of Titus and everyone concluded that this day would begin his concluded that this day would begin his concluded that this day would begin his promotion if he fought bravely what were promotion if he fought bravely what were promotion if he fought bravely what were the Great encouragements of the Jews to the Great encouragements of the Jews to the Great encouragements of the Jews to act vigorously were their fear for act vigorously were their fear for act vigorously were their fear for themselves and for their Temple and the themselves and for their Temple and the themselves and for their Temple and the presence of their Tyrant who exhorted presence of their Tyrant who exhorted presence of their Tyrant who exhorted some and beat and threatened others to some and beat and threatened others to some and beat and threatened others to act courageously now so it happened that act courageously now so it happened that act courageously now so it happened that this fight was for the most part a this fight was for the most part a this fight was for the most part a stationary one wherein the soldiers went stationary one wherein the soldiers went stationary one wherein the soldiers went on and came back in a short time and on and came back in a short time and on and came back in a short time and suddenly for there was no long space of suddenly for there was no long space of suddenly for there was no long space of ground for either of their fights or ground for either of their fights or ground for either of their fights or Pursuits but still there was a Pursuits but still there was a Pursuits but still there was a tumultuous noise among the Romans from tumultuous noise among the Romans from tumultuous noise among the Romans from the Tower of Antonia who loudly cried the Tower of Antonia who loudly cried the Tower of Antonia who loudly cried out upon All Occasions to their own men out upon All Occasions to their own men out upon All Occasions to their own men to press on courageously when they were

to press on courageously when they were to press on courageously when they were too hard for the Jews and to stay when too hard for the Jews and to stay when too hard for the Jews and to stay when they were retiring backward so that here they were retiring backward so that here they were retiring backward so that here was a kind of theater of war for what was a kind of theater of war for what was a kind of theater of war for what was done in this fight could not be was done in this fight could not be was done in this fight could not be concealed either from Titus or from concealed either from Titus or from concealed either from Titus or from those that were about him at length it those that were about him at length it those that were about him at length it appeared that this fight which began at appeared that this fight which began at appeared that this fight which began at the ninth hour of the night was not over the ninth hour of the night was not over the ninth hour of the night was not over till past the fifth hour of the day and till past the fifth hour of the day and till past the fifth hour of the day and that in the same place where the battle that in the same place where the battle that in the same place where the battle began neither party could say they had began neither party could say they had began neither party could say they had made the other to retire but both armies made the other to retire but both armies made the other to retire but both armies left the victory almost in certainty left the victory almost in certainty left the victory almost in certainty between them wherein those that between them wherein those that between them wherein those that signalize themselves on the Roman side signalize themselves on the Roman side signalize themselves on the Roman side were a great many but on the Jewish side were a great many but on the Jewish side were a great many but on the Jewish side and of those that were with Simon Judas and of those that were with Simon Judas and of those that were with Simon Judas the son of murto and Simon the son of the son of murto and Simon the son of the son of murto and Simon the son of Joseph of the itemians James and Simon Joseph of the itemians James and Simon Joseph of the itemians James and Simon the latter of whom was the son of cath the latter of whom was the son of cath the latter of whom was the son of cath loss and James was the son of sosas of loss and James was the son of sosas of loss and James was the son of sosas of those that were with John githius and those that were with John githius and those that were with John githius and Alexis and of the zealots Simon the son Alexis and of the zealots Simon the son Alexis and of the zealots Simon the son of Jairus of Jairus of Jairus seven in the meantime the rest of the seven in the meantime the rest of the seven in the meantime the rest of the Roman army had in seven days time Roman army had in seven days time Roman army had in seven days time overthrown some foundations of the Tower overthrown some foundations of the Tower overthrown some foundations of the Tower of Antonia and had made a ready and of Antonia and had made a ready and of Antonia and had made a ready and Broadway to the temple then did the Broadway to the temple then did the Broadway to the temple then did the legions come near the first Court legions come near the first Court legions come near the first Court footnote Court of the Gentiles and footnote Court of the Gentiles and footnote Court of the Gentiles and footnotes and began to raise their Banks footnotes and began to raise their Banks footnotes and began to raise their Banks the One Bank was over against the the One Bank was over against the the One Bank was over against the northwest corner of the inner Temple northwest corner of the inner Temple northwest corner of the inner Temple footnotes Court of Israel and footnotes footnotes Court of Israel and footnotes footnotes Court of Israel and footnotes another was at that Northern edifice another was at that Northern edifice another was at that Northern edifice which was between the two gates and the which was between the two gates and the which was between the two gates and the other two one was at the Western

other two one was at the Western other two one was at the Western Cloister of the outer Court of the Cloister of the outer Court of the Cloister of the outer Court of the temple the other against this Northern temple the other against this Northern temple the other against this Northern Cloister however these Works were thus Cloister however these Works were thus Cloister however these Works were thus far Advanced by the Romans not without far Advanced by the Romans not without far Advanced by the Romans not without great pains and difficulty and great pains and difficulty and great pains and difficulty and particularly being obliged to bring particularly being obliged to bring particularly being obliged to bring their materials from the distance of a their materials from the distance of a their materials from the distance of a hundred furlongs they had further hundred furlongs they had further hundred furlongs they had further difficulties also upon them sometimes by difficulties also upon them sometimes by difficulties also upon them sometimes by their over great security they were in their over great security they were in their over great security they were in that they should overcome the Jewish that they should overcome the Jewish that they should overcome the Jewish snares laid for them and by that snares laid for them and by that snares laid for them and by that boldness of the Jews which their despair boldness of the Jews which their despair boldness of the Jews which their despair of escaping had inspired them with all of escaping had inspired them with all of escaping had inspired them with all for some of their Horsemen when they for some of their Horsemen when they for some of their Horsemen when they went out to gather wood or hay let their went out to gather wood or hay let their went out to gather wood or hay let their horses feed without having their bridles horses feed without having their bridles horses feed without having their bridles on during the time of foraging upon on during the time of foraging upon on during the time of foraging upon which horses the Jews sallied out in which horses the Jews sallied out in which horses the Jews sallied out in whole bodies and seized them when this whole bodies and seized them when this whole bodies and seized them when this was continually done and Caesar believed was continually done and Caesar believed was continually done and Caesar believed what the truth was that the horses were what the truth was that the horses were what the truth was that the horses were stolen more by the negligence of his own stolen more by the negligence of his own stolen more by the negligence of his own men than by The Valor of the Jews he men than by The Valor of the Jews he men than by The Valor of the Jews he determined to use greater severity to determined to use greater severity to determined to use greater severity to oblige the rest to take care of their oblige the rest to take care of their oblige the rest to take care of their horses so he commanded that one of those horses so he commanded that one of those horses so he commanded that one of those soldiers who had lost their horses soldiers who had lost their horses soldiers who had lost their horses should be happily punished whereby he so should be happily punished whereby he so should be happily punished whereby he so terrified the rest that they had terrified the rest that they had terrified the rest that they had preserved their horses for the time to preserved their horses for the time to preserved their horses for the time to come for they did not any longer let come for they did not any longer let come for they did not any longer let them go from them to feed by themselves them go from them to feed by themselves them go from them to feed by themselves but as if they had grown to them they but as if they had grown to them they but as if they had grown to them they went always along with them when they went always along with them when they went always along with them when they wanted necessaries thus did the Romans wanted necessaries thus did the Romans wanted necessaries thus did the Romans still continue to make war against the still continue to make war against the still continue to make war against the temple and to raise their Banks against temple and to raise their Banks against temple and to raise their Banks against it eight now after one day had been it eight now after one day had been it eight now after one day had been interposed since the Romans ascended the interposed since the Romans ascended the interposed since the Romans ascended the reach many of the seditions were so reach many of the seditions were so reach many of the seditions were so pressed by the famine upon the present

pressed by the famine upon the present pressed by the famine upon the present failure of their ravages that they got failure of their ravages that they got failure of their ravages that they got together and made an attack on those together and made an attack on those together and made an attack on those Roman guards that were upon the Mount of Roman guards that were upon the Mount of Roman guards that were upon the Mount of Olives and this about the 11th Hour of Olives and this about the 11th Hour of Olives and this about the 11th Hour of the day as supposing first that they the day as supposing first that they the day as supposing first that they would not expect such an onset and in would not expect such an onset and in would not expect such an onset and in the next place that they were then the next place that they were then the next place that they were then taking care of their bodies and that taking care of their bodies and that taking care of their bodies and that therefore they should easily beat them therefore they should easily beat them therefore they should easily beat them but the Romans were apprised of their but the Romans were apprised of their but the Romans were apprised of their coming to attack them beforehand and coming to attack them beforehand and coming to attack them beforehand and running together from the neighboring running together from the neighboring running together from the neighboring camps on the sudden prevented them from camps on the sudden prevented them from camps on the sudden prevented them from getting over their fortification or getting over their fortification or getting over their fortification or forcing the wall that was built about forcing the wall that was built about forcing the wall that was built about them upon this came a sharp fight and them upon this came a sharp fight and them upon this came a sharp fight and here many great actions were performed here many great actions were performed here many great actions were performed on both sides while the Romans showed on both sides while the Romans showed on both sides while the Romans showed both their courage and their skill in both their courage and their skill in both their courage and their skill in war as did the Jews come on them with in war as did the Jews come on them with in war as did the Jews come on them with in moderate violence and intolerable moderate violence and intolerable moderate violence and intolerable passion the one part were urged on by passion the one part were urged on by passion the one part were urged on by shame and the other by necessity for it shame and the other by necessity for it shame and the other by necessity for it seemed a very shameful thing to the seemed a very shameful thing to the seemed a very shameful thing to the Romans to let the Jews go now they were Romans to let the Jews go now they were Romans to let the Jews go now they were taken in a kind of net while the Jews taken in a kind of net while the Jews taken in a kind of net while the Jews had but one hope of saving themselves had but one hope of saving themselves had but one hope of saving themselves and that was in case they could by and that was in case they could by and that was in case they could by violence break through the Roman wall violence break through the Roman wall violence break through the Roman wall and one whose name was pedanius and one whose name was pedanius and one whose name was pedanius belonging to the party of Horsemen when belonging to the party of Horsemen when belonging to the party of Horsemen when the Jews were already beaten and forced the Jews were already beaten and forced the Jews were already beaten and forced down into the valley together spurred down into the valley together spurred down into the valley together spurred his horse on their flank with great his horse on their flank with great his horse on their flank with great vehemence and caught up a certain young vehemence and caught up a certain young vehemence and caught up a certain young man belonging to the Enemy by his ankle man belonging to the Enemy by his ankle man belonging to the Enemy by his ankle as he was running away the man was as he was running away the man was as he was running away the man was however of a robust body and in his however of a robust body and in his however of a robust body and in his armor solo did pandanias Bend himself armor solo did pandanias Bend himself armor solo did pandanias Bend himself downward from his horse even as he was downward from his horse even as he was downward from his horse even as he was Galloping away and so great was the

Galloping away and so great was the Galloping away and so great was the strength of his right hand and of the strength of his right hand and of the strength of his right hand and of the rest of his body as also such skill had rest of his body as also such skill had rest of his body as also such skill had he in horsemanship so this man sees upon he in horsemanship so this man sees upon he in horsemanship so this man sees upon that his prey as upon a precious that his prey as upon a precious that his prey as upon a precious treasure and carried him as his captive treasure and carried him as his captive treasure and carried him as his captive to Caesar whereupon Titus admired the to Caesar whereupon Titus admired the to Caesar whereupon Titus admired the man that has seized the other for his man that has seized the other for his man that has seized the other for his great strength and ordered the man that great strength and ordered the man that great strength and ordered the man that was caught to be punished with death for was caught to be punished with death for was caught to be punished with death for his attempt against the Roman wall but his attempt against the Roman wall but his attempt against the Roman wall but be took himself to the siege of the be took himself to the siege of the be took himself to the siege of the Temple and to pressing on the raising of Temple and to pressing on the raising of Temple and to pressing on the raising of the banks nine in the meantime the Jews the banks nine in the meantime the Jews the banks nine in the meantime the Jews were so distressed by the fights they were so distressed by the fights they were so distressed by the fights they had been in as the war Advanced Higher had been in as the war Advanced Higher had been in as the war Advanced Higher and Higher and creeping up to the Holy and Higher and creeping up to the Holy and Higher and creeping up to the Holy House itself that they as it were cut House itself that they as it were cut House itself that they as it were cut off those limbs of their body which were off those limbs of their body which were off those limbs of their body which were infected in order to prevent the infected in order to prevent the infected in order to prevent the distemper spreading further for they set distemper spreading further for they set distemper spreading further for they set the Northwest Cloister which was joined the Northwest Cloister which was joined the Northwest Cloister which was joined to the Tower of Antonia on fire and to the Tower of Antonia on fire and to the Tower of Antonia on fire and after that break off about 20 cubits of after that break off about 20 cubits of after that break off about 20 cubits of that Cloister and thereby made a that Cloister and thereby made a that Cloister and thereby made a beginning in burning the sanctuary two beginning in burning the sanctuary two beginning in burning the sanctuary two days after which or on the 24th day of days after which or on the 24th day of days after which or on the 24th day of the four name month panemus or taymus the four name month panemus or taymus the four name month panemus or taymus the Romans Set Fire To The Cloister that the Romans Set Fire To The Cloister that the Romans Set Fire To The Cloister that joined to the other when the fire went joined to the other when the fire went joined to the other when the fire went 15 cubits farther the Jews in like 15 cubits farther the Jews in like 15 cubits farther the Jews in like manner cut off its roof nor did they manner cut off its roof nor did they manner cut off its roof nor did they entirely leave off what they were about entirely leave off what they were about entirely leave off what they were about till the Tower of Antonia was parted till the Tower of Antonia was parted till the Tower of Antonia was parted from the temple even when it was in from the temple even when it was in from the temple even when it was in their power to have stopped the fire nay their power to have stopped the fire nay their power to have stopped the fire nay they lay still while the temple was they lay still while the temple was they lay still while the temple was first set on fire and deemed the first set on fire and deemed the first set on fire and deemed the spreading of the fire are to be for spreading of the fire are to be for spreading of the fire are to be for their own Advantage however the armies their own Advantage however the armies their own Advantage however the armies were still fighting one against another were still fighting one against another were still fighting one against another about the temple and the war was managed

about the temple and the war was managed about the temple and the war was managed by continual Sallys of particular by continual Sallys of particular by continual Sallys of particular parties against one another parties against one another parties against one another 10. now there was at this time A man 10. now there was at this time A man 10. now there was at this time A man among the Jews low of stature he was and among the Jews low of stature he was and among the Jews low of stature he was and of a Despicable appearance of no of a Despicable appearance of no of a Despicable appearance of no character either as to his family or in character either as to his family or in character either as to his family or in other respects his name was Jonathan he other respects his name was Jonathan he other respects his name was Jonathan he went out at the high priest John's went out at the high priest John's went out at the high priest John's monument and uttered many other insolent monument and uttered many other insolent monument and uttered many other insolent things to the Romans and challenged the things to the Romans and challenged the things to the Romans and challenged the best of them all to a single combat but best of them all to a single combat but best of them all to a single combat but many of those that stood there in the many of those that stood there in the many of those that stood there in the Army huffed him and many of them as they Army huffed him and many of them as they Army huffed him and many of them as they might well be were afraid of him some of might well be were afraid of him some of might well be were afraid of him some of them also reasoned thus and that justly them also reasoned thus and that justly them also reasoned thus and that justly enough that it was not fit to fight with enough that it was not fit to fight with enough that it was not fit to fight with a man that desired to die because those a man that desired to die because those a man that desired to die because those that utterly disparate of Deliverance that utterly disparate of Deliverance that utterly disparate of Deliverance had besides other passions of violence had besides other passions of violence had besides other passions of violence in attacking men that could not be in attacking men that could not be in attacking men that could not be opposed and had no regard to God himself opposed and had no regard to God himself opposed and had no regard to God himself and that to Hazard oneself with a person and that to Hazard oneself with a person and that to Hazard oneself with a person whom if you overcome you do know great whom if you overcome you do know great whom if you overcome you do know great matter and by whom it is hazardous that matter and by whom it is hazardous that matter and by whom it is hazardous that you may be taken prisoner would be an you may be taken prisoner would be an you may be taken prisoner would be an instance not of manly courage but of instance not of manly courage but of instance not of manly courage but of unmanly rashness so there being nobody unmanly rashness so there being nobody unmanly rashness so there being nobody that came out to accept the man's that came out to accept the man's that came out to accept the man's Challenge and the Jew cutting them with Challenge and the Jew cutting them with Challenge and the Jew cutting them with a great number of reproaches as cowards a great number of reproaches as cowards a great number of reproaches as cowards for he was a very haughty man in himself for he was a very haughty man in himself for he was a very haughty man in himself and a great despiser of the Romans one and a great despiser of the Romans one and a great despiser of the Romans one whose name was Putin's of the body of whose name was Putin's of the body of whose name was Putin's of the body of Horsemen out of his abomination of the Horsemen out of his abomination of the Horsemen out of his abomination of the other's words and of his impudence with other's words and of his impudence with other's words and of his impudence with all and perhaps out of an inconsiderate all and perhaps out of an inconsiderate all and perhaps out of an inconsiderate arrogance on account of the other's arrogance on account of the other's arrogance on account of the other's loneness of stature ran out to him and

loneness of stature ran out to him and loneness of stature ran out to him and was too hard for him in other respects was too hard for him in other respects was too hard for him in other respects but was betrayed by his ill Fortune for but was betrayed by his ill Fortune for but was betrayed by his ill Fortune for he fell down and as he was down Jonathan he fell down and as he was down Jonathan he fell down and as he was down Jonathan came running to him and cut his throat came running to him and cut his throat came running to him and cut his throat and then standing upon his dead body he and then standing upon his dead body he and then standing upon his dead body he brandished his sword bloody as it was brandished his sword bloody as it was brandished his sword bloody as it was and shook his shield with his left hand and shook his shield with his left hand and shook his shield with his left hand and made many acclimations to the Roman and made many acclimations to the Roman and made many acclimations to the Roman army and exalted over the dead man and army and exalted over the dead man and army and exalted over the dead man and jested upon the Romans till at length jested upon the Romans till at length jested upon the Romans till at length one priscus a centurion shot a dart at one priscus a centurion shot a dart at one priscus a centurion shot a dart at him as he was leaping and playing the him as he was leaping and playing the him as he was leaping and playing the fool with himself and thereby Pier him fool with himself and thereby Pier him fool with himself and thereby Pier him through upon which a shout was set up through upon which a shout was set up through upon which a shout was set up both by the Jews and the Romans though both by the Jews and the Romans though both by the Jews and the Romans though on different accounts so Jonathan grew on different accounts so Jonathan grew on different accounts so Jonathan grew giddy by the pain of his wounds and fell giddy by the pain of his wounds and fell giddy by the pain of his wounds and fell down upon the body of his adversary as a down upon the body of his adversary as a down upon the body of his adversary as a plain instance how suddenly Vengeance plain instance how suddenly Vengeance plain instance how suddenly Vengeance may come upon men that have success in may come upon men that have success in may come upon men that have success in war without any just deserving the same war without any just deserving the same war without any just deserving the same end of book 6 chapter 2.

book 6 Chapter 3 of the wars of the Jews book 6 Chapter 3 of the wars of the Jews this is a LibriVox recording all this is a LibriVox recording all this is a LibriVox recording all LibriVox recordings are in the public LibriVox recordings are in the public LibriVox recordings are in the public domain for more information or to domain for more information or to domain for more information or to volunteer please visit librivox.org volunteer please visit librivox.org volunteer please visit librivox.org recording by Anne boulet recording by Anne boulet recording by Anne boulet the wars of the Jews by Josephus the wars of the Jews by Josephus the wars of the Jews by Josephus translated by William Winston chapter 3 translated by William Winston chapter 3 translated by William Winston chapter 3 concerning a stratagem that was devised concerning a stratagem that was devised concerning a stratagem that was devised by the Jews by which they burnt many of by the Jews by which they burnt many of by the Jews by which they burnt many of the Romans with another description of the Romans with another description of the Romans with another description of the terrible famine that was in the city the terrible famine that was in the city the terrible famine that was in the city one but now the seditions that were in one but now the seditions that were in one but now the seditions that were in the temple did every day openly Endeavor the temple did every day openly Endeavor the temple did every day openly Endeavor to beat off the soldiers that were upon to beat off the soldiers that were upon to beat off the soldiers that were upon the banks and on the 27th day of the the banks and on the 27th day of the the banks and on the 27th day of the four named month panamus or taymus four named month panamus or taymus four named month panamus or taymus contrived such a stratagem as this they contrived such a stratagem as this they contrived such a stratagem as this they filled that part of the western Cloister filled that part of the western Cloister filled that part of the western Cloister which was between the beams footnote of which was between the beams footnote of which was between the beams footnote of the court of the Gentiles and footnotes the court of the Gentiles and footnotes the court of the Gentiles and footnotes and the roof under them with dry and the roof under them with dry and the roof under them with dry materials as also with bitterman and materials as also with bitterman and materials as also with bitterman and pitch and then retired from that place pitch and then retired from that place pitch and then retired from that place as though they retired with the pains as though they retired with the pains as though they retired with the pains they had taken at which procedure of they had taken at which procedure of they had taken at which procedure of theirs many of the most inconsiderate theirs many of the most inconsiderate theirs many of the most inconsiderate among the Romans who were carried away among the Romans who were carried away among the Romans who were carried away with violent passions followed hard with violent passions followed hard with violent passions followed hard after them as they were retiring and after them as they were retiring and after them as they were retiring and applied ladders to The Cloister and got applied ladders to The Cloister and got applied ladders to The Cloister and got up to it suddenly but The Prudent part up to it suddenly but The Prudent part up to it suddenly but The Prudent part of them when they understood this of them when they understood this of them when they understood this unaccountable Retreat of the Jews Stood unaccountable Retreat of the Jews Stood unaccountable Retreat of the Jews Stood Still where they were before however The Still where they were before however The Still where they were before however The Cloister was full of those that were Cloister was full of those that were Cloister was full of those that were gone up the ladders at which time the

gone up the ladders at which time the gone up the ladders at which time the Jews said it all on fire and as the Jews said it all on fire and as the Jews said it all on fire and as the flame burst out everywhere on a sudden flame burst out everywhere on a sudden flame burst out everywhere on a sudden the Romans that were out of the danger the Romans that were out of the danger the Romans that were out of the danger were seized with a very great were seized with a very great were seized with a very great consternation as were those that were in consternation as were those that were in consternation as were those that were in the midst of the danger in the utmost the midst of the danger in the utmost the midst of the danger in the utmost distress so when they perceived distress so when they perceived distress so when they perceived themselves surrounded with the Flames themselves surrounded with the Flames themselves surrounded with the Flames some of them threw themselves down some of them threw themselves down some of them threw themselves down backwards into the City and some among backwards into the City and some among backwards into the City and some among their enemies in the temple as did many their enemies in the temple as did many their enemies in the temple as did many leap down to their own men and broke leap down to their own men and broke leap down to their own men and broke their limbs to Pieces but a great number their limbs to Pieces but a great number their limbs to Pieces but a great number of those that were going to take these of those that were going to take these of those that were going to take these violent methods were prevented by the violent methods were prevented by the violent methods were prevented by the fire though some prevented the fire by fire though some prevented the fire by fire though some prevented the fire by their own swords however the fire was on their own swords however the fire was on their own swords however the fire was on the sudden carried so far as to surround the sudden carried so far as to surround the sudden carried so far as to surround those who would have otherwise perished those who would have otherwise perished those who would have otherwise perished as for Caesar himself 12 he could not as for Caesar himself 12 he could not as for Caesar himself 12 he could not however but commiserate those that thus however but commiserate those that thus however but commiserate those that thus perished although they got up thither perished although they got up thither perished although they got up thither without any order for doing so since without any order for doing so since without any order for doing so since there was no way of giving them any there was no way of giving them any there was no way of giving them any relief yet was this Comfort to those relief yet was this Comfort to those relief yet was this Comfort to those that were destroyed that everybody might that were destroyed that everybody might that were destroyed that everybody might see that person grieve for whose sake see that person grieve for whose sake see that person grieve for whose sake they came to their end for he cried out they came to their end for he cried out they came to their end for he cried out openly to them and leaped up and openly to them and leaped up and openly to them and leaped up and exhorted those that were about him to do exhorted those that were about him to do exhorted those that were about him to do their utmost to relieve them so every their utmost to relieve them so every their utmost to relieve them so every one of them died cheerfully as carrying one of them died cheerfully as carrying one of them died cheerfully as carrying along with him these words and this along with him these words and this along with him these words and this intention of Caesar as a separable intention of Caesar as a separable intention of Caesar as a separable monument some there were indeed who monument some there were indeed who monument some there were indeed who retired into the wall of The Cloister retired into the wall of The Cloister retired into the wall of The Cloister which was Broad and were preserved out which was Broad and were preserved out which was Broad and were preserved out of the fire but were then surrounded by of the fire but were then surrounded by of the fire but were then surrounded by the Jews and although they made the Jews and although they made the Jews and although they made resistance against the Jews for a long

resistance against the Jews for a long resistance against the Jews for a long time yet were they wounded by them and time yet were they wounded by them and time yet were they wounded by them and at length they all fell down dead two at at length they all fell down dead two at at length they all fell down dead two at the last a young man among them whose the last a young man among them whose the last a young man among them whose name was longus became a decoration of name was longus became a decoration of name was longus became a decoration of the at Affair and while every one of the at Affair and while every one of the at Affair and while every one of them that perished were worthy of a them that perished were worthy of a them that perished were worthy of a memorial this man appeared to deserve it memorial this man appeared to deserve it memorial this man appeared to deserve it beyond all the rest now the Jews admired beyond all the rest now the Jews admired beyond all the rest now the Jews admired this man for his courage and were this man for his courage and were this man for his courage and were further desirous of having him slain so further desirous of having him slain so further desirous of having him slain so they persuaded him to come down to them they persuaded him to come down to them they persuaded him to come down to them upon security given him for his life but upon security given him for his life but upon security given him for his life but Cornelius his brother persuaded him on Cornelius his brother persuaded him on Cornelius his brother persuaded him on the contrary not to tarnish his own the contrary not to tarnish his own the contrary not to tarnish his own Glory nor that of the Roman army he Glory nor that of the Roman army he Glory nor that of the Roman army he complied with his last advice and complied with his last advice and complied with his last advice and lifting up his sword before both armies lifting up his sword before both armies lifting up his sword before both armies he slew himself yet there was one he slew himself yet there was one he slew himself yet there was one Artorias among those surrounded by the Artorias among those surrounded by the Artorias among those surrounded by the fire who escaped by his subtlety for fire who escaped by his subtlety for fire who escaped by his subtlety for when he had with a loud voice called to when he had with a loud voice called to when he had with a loud voice called to him Lucius one of his fellow soldiers him Lucius one of his fellow soldiers him Lucius one of his fellow soldiers that laid with him in the same tent and that laid with him in the same tent and that laid with him in the same tent and said to him I do leave the heir of all I said to him I do leave the heir of all I said to him I do leave the heir of all I have if Thou wilts come and receive me have if Thou wilts come and receive me have if Thou wilts come and receive me upon this he came running to receive him upon this he came running to receive him upon this he came running to receive him readily artori is then threw himself readily artori is then threw himself readily artori is then threw himself down upon him and saved his own life down upon him and saved his own life down upon him and saved his own life while he that received him was dashed so while he that received him was dashed so while he that received him was dashed so vehemently against the stone pavement by vehemently against the stone pavement by vehemently against the stone pavement by the other's weight that he died the other's weight that he died the other's weight that he died immediately this Melancholy accident immediately this Melancholy accident immediately this Melancholy accident made the Romans sad for a while but made the Romans sad for a while but made the Romans sad for a while but still it made them more upon their guard still it made them more upon their guard still it made them more upon their guard for the future and was of advantage to for the future and was of advantage to for the future and was of advantage to them against the delusions of the Jews them against the delusions of the Jews them against the delusions of the Jews by which they were greatly damaged

by which they were greatly damaged by which they were greatly damaged through their unacquaintedness with the through their unacquaintedness with the through their unacquaintedness with the places and with the nature of the places and with the nature of the places and with the nature of the inhabitants now this Cloister was burnt inhabitants now this Cloister was burnt inhabitants now this Cloister was burnt down as far as John's tower which he down as far as John's tower which he down as far as John's tower which he built in the war he made against Simon built in the war he made against Simon built in the war he made against Simon over the gates that led to the zistas over the gates that led to the zistas over the gates that led to the zistas the Jews also cut off the rest of that the Jews also cut off the rest of that the Jews also cut off the rest of that Cloister from the temple after they had Cloister from the temple after they had Cloister from the temple after they had destroyed those that got up to it but destroyed those that got up to it but destroyed those that got up to it but the next day the Romans burned down the the next day the Romans burned down the the next day the Romans burned down the northern Cloister entirely as far as the northern Cloister entirely as far as the northern Cloister entirely as far as the East Cloister whose common angle joined East Cloister whose common angle joined East Cloister whose common angle joined to the valley that was called cedrin and to the valley that was called cedrin and to the valley that was called cedrin and was built over it on which account the was built over it on which account the was built over it on which account the depth was frightful and this was the depth was frightful and this was the depth was frightful and this was the state of the temple at that time state of the temple at that time state of the temple at that time three now of those that perish by famine three now of those that perish by famine three now of those that perish by famine in the city the number was prodigious in the city the number was prodigious in the city the number was prodigious and the miseries they underwent were and the miseries they underwent were and the miseries they underwent were unspeakable for if so much as the shadow unspeakable for if so much as the shadow unspeakable for if so much as the shadow of any kind of food did anywhere appear of any kind of food did anywhere appear of any kind of food did anywhere appear a war was commenced presently and the a war was commenced presently and the a war was commenced presently and the dearest friends fell a fighting one with dearest friends fell a fighting one with dearest friends fell a fighting one with another about it snatching from each another about it snatching from each another about it snatching from each other the most miserable supports of other the most miserable supports of other the most miserable supports of life nor would men believe that those life nor would men believe that those life nor would men believe that those who were dying had no food but the who were dying had no food but the who were dying had no food but the robbers would search them when they were robbers would search them when they were robbers would search them when they were expiring lest anyone should have expiring lest anyone should have expiring lest anyone should have concealed food in their bosoms and concealed food in their bosoms and concealed food in their bosoms and counterfeited dying nay these robbers counterfeited dying nay these robbers counterfeited dying nay these robbers gape for want and ran about stumbling gape for want and ran about stumbling gape for want and ran about stumbling and staggering along like Mad Dogs and and staggering along like Mad Dogs and and staggering along like Mad Dogs and reeling against the doors of the men reeling against the doors of the men reeling against the doors of the men like drunken men they would also in the like drunken men they would also in the like drunken men they would also in the great distress they were in rush into great distress they were in rush into great distress they were in rush into the very same houses two or three times the very same houses two or three times the very same houses two or three times in one and the same day moreover their in one and the same day moreover their in one and the same day moreover their hunger was so intolerable that it hunger was so intolerable that it hunger was so intolerable that it obliged them to chew everything while

obliged them to chew everything while obliged them to chew everything while they gathered such things as the most they gathered such things as the most they gathered such things as the most sordid animals would not touch and and sordid animals would not touch and and sordid animals would not touch and and endured to eat them nor did they at endured to eat them nor did they at endured to eat them nor did they at length abstain from girdles and shoes length abstain from girdles and shoes length abstain from girdles and shoes and the Very leather which belonged to and the Very leather which belonged to and the Very leather which belonged to their Shields they pulled off and Nod their Shields they pulled off and Nod their Shields they pulled off and Nod the very wisps of old hay became food to the very wisps of old hay became food to the very wisps of old hay became food to some and some gathered up fibers and some and some gathered up fibers and some and some gathered up fibers and sold a very small weight of them for sold a very small weight of them for sold a very small weight of them for four attic dracme but why do I describe four attic dracme but why do I describe four attic dracme but why do I describe the Shameless impudence that the famine the Shameless impudence that the famine the Shameless impudence that the famine brought on men in eating their inanimate brought on men in eating their inanimate brought on men in eating their inanimate objects while I am going to relate a objects while I am going to relate a objects while I am going to relate a matter of fact the light to which no matter of fact the light to which no matter of fact the light to which no history relates either among the Greeks history relates either among the Greeks history relates either among the Greeks or barbarians footnote what Josephus or barbarians footnote what Josephus or barbarians footnote what Josephus observes here that no parallel examples observes here that no parallel examples observes here that no parallel examples had been recorded before this time of had been recorded before this time of had been recorded before this time of such sieges wherein mothers were forced such sieges wherein mothers were forced such sieges wherein mothers were forced by extremity of famine to eat their own by extremity of famine to eat their own by extremity of famine to eat their own children as had been threatened to the children as had been threatened to the children as had been threatened to the Jews in the law of Moses upon abstinent Jews in the law of Moses upon abstinent Jews in the law of Moses upon abstinent Disobedience and more than once Disobedience and more than once Disobedience and more than once fulfilled is by Dr Hudson supposed to fulfilled is by Dr Hudson supposed to fulfilled is by Dr Hudson supposed to have had two or three parallel examples have had two or three parallel examples have had two or three parallel examples in later ages he might have had more in later ages he might have had more in later ages he might have had more examples I suppose a person's on examples I suppose a person's on examples I suppose a person's on shipboard or in a desert island casting shipboard or in a desert island casting shipboard or in a desert island casting lots for each other's bodies but all lots for each other's bodies but all lots for each other's bodies but all this was only in cases where they knew this was only in cases where they knew this was only in cases where they knew of no possible way to avoid death of no possible way to avoid death of no possible way to avoid death themselves but by killing and eating themselves but by killing and eating themselves but by killing and eating others whether such examples come up to others whether such examples come up to others whether such examples come up to the present case may be doubted the the present case may be doubted the the present case may be doubted the Romans were not only willing but very Romans were not only willing but very Romans were not only willing but very desirous to Grant those Jews in desirous to Grant those Jews in desirous to Grant those Jews in Jerusalem both their lives and their Jerusalem both their lives and their Jerusalem both their lives and their Liberties and to save both their city Liberties and to save both their city Liberties and to save both their city and their Temple but the zealots the

and their Temple but the zealots the and their Temple but the zealots the robbers and the seditions would hearken robbers and the seditions would hearken robbers and the seditions would hearken to no terms of submission they to no terms of submission they to no terms of submission they voluntarily chose to reduce the citizens voluntarily chose to reduce the citizens voluntarily chose to reduce the citizens to that extremity as to force mothers to to that extremity as to force mothers to to that extremity as to force mothers to this unnatural barbarity which in all this unnatural barbarity which in all this unnatural barbarity which in all its circumstances has not I still its circumstances has not I still its circumstances has not I still suppose been hitherto paralleled among suppose been hitherto paralleled among suppose been hitherto paralleled among the rest of mankind and footnote the rest of mankind and footnote the rest of mankind and footnote it is horrible to speak of and it is horrible to speak of and it is horrible to speak of and incredible when heard I had indeed incredible when heard I had indeed incredible when heard I had indeed willingly omitted This calamity of ours willingly omitted This calamity of ours willingly omitted This calamity of ours that I might not seem to deliver what is that I might not seem to deliver what is that I might not seem to deliver what is so portentous to posterity but that I so portentous to posterity but that I so portentous to posterity but that I have innumerable witnesses to it in my have innumerable witnesses to it in my have innumerable witnesses to it in my own age and besides my country would own age and besides my country would own age and besides my country would have had little reason to thank me for have had little reason to thank me for have had little reason to thank me for suppressing the miseries that she suppressing the miseries that she suppressing the miseries that she underwent at this time underwent at this time underwent at this time four there was a certain woman that four there was a certain woman that four there was a certain woman that dwelt Beyond Jordan her name was Mary dwelt Beyond Jordan her name was Mary dwelt Beyond Jordan her name was Mary her father was Eleazar of the village her father was Eleazar of the village her father was Eleazar of the village bethesom which signifies the house of bethesom which signifies the house of bethesom which signifies the house of high sop she was eminent for her family high sop she was eminent for her family high sop she was eminent for her family and her wealth and had fled away to and her wealth and had fled away to and her wealth and had fled away to Jerusalem with the rest of the multitude Jerusalem with the rest of the multitude Jerusalem with the rest of the multitude and was with them besieged therein at and was with them besieged therein at and was with them besieged therein at this time the other effects of this this time the other effects of this this time the other effects of this woman had been already seized upon such woman had been already seized upon such woman had been already seized upon such I mean as she had brought with her out I mean as she had brought with her out I mean as she had brought with her out of perea and removed to the city what of perea and removed to the city what of perea and removed to the city what she had treasured up besides as also she had treasured up besides as also she had treasured up besides as also what food she had contrived to save had what food she had contrived to save had what food she had contrived to save had also been carried off by the rapacious also been carried off by the rapacious also been carried off by the rapacious guards who came every day running into guards who came every day running into guards who came every day running into her house for that purpose this put the her house for that purpose this put the her house for that purpose this put the poor woman into a very great passion and poor woman into a very great passion and poor woman into a very great passion and by the frequent reproaches and by the frequent reproaches and by the frequent reproaches and imprecation she eased at these rapacious

imprecation she eased at these rapacious imprecation she eased at these rapacious villains she had provoked them to anger villains she had provoked them to anger villains she had provoked them to anger against her but none of them either out against her but none of them either out against her but none of them either out of the indignation she had raised of the indignation she had raised of the indignation she had raised against herself or out of commiseration against herself or out of commiseration against herself or out of commiseration of her case would take away her life and of her case would take away her life and of her case would take away her life and if she found any food she perceived her if she found any food she perceived her if she found any food she perceived her labors were for others and not for labors were for others and not for labors were for others and not for herself and it was now become impossible herself and it was now become impossible herself and it was now become impossible for her anyway to find any more food for her anyway to find any more food for her anyway to find any more food while the famine pierced through her while the famine pierced through her while the famine pierced through her very bowels and Marrow when also her very bowels and Marrow when also her very bowels and Marrow when also her passion was fired to a degree beyond the passion was fired to a degree beyond the passion was fired to a degree beyond the famine itself nor did she consult with famine itself nor did she consult with famine itself nor did she consult with anything but with her passion and the anything but with her passion and the anything but with her passion and the necessity she was in she then attempted necessity she was in she then attempted necessity she was in she then attempted a most unnatural thing and snatching up a most unnatural thing and snatching up a most unnatural thing and snatching up her son who was a child sucking at her her son who was a child sucking at her her son who was a child sucking at her breast she said oh thou miserable infant breast she said oh thou miserable infant breast she said oh thou miserable infant For Whom Shall I preserve thee in this For Whom Shall I preserve thee in this For Whom Shall I preserve thee in this war this famine and this sedition as to war this famine and this sedition as to war this famine and this sedition as to the war with the Romans if they preserve the war with the Romans if they preserve the war with the Romans if they preserve Our Lives we must be slaves this famine Our Lives we must be slaves this famine Our Lives we must be slaves this famine also will destroy us even before that also will destroy us even before that also will destroy us even before that slavery comes upon us yet are these slavery comes upon us yet are these slavery comes upon us yet are these seditious Rogues more terrible than both seditious Rogues more terrible than both seditious Rogues more terrible than both the other come on be thou my food and be the other come on be thou my food and be the other come on be thou my food and be thou a fury to these seditious varlets thou a fury to these seditious varlets thou a fury to these seditious varlets and a byword to the world which is all and a byword to the world which is all and a byword to the world which is all that is now wanting to complete the that is now wanting to complete the that is now wanting to complete the calamities of a us Jews as soon as she calamities of a us Jews as soon as she calamities of a us Jews as soon as she had said this she slew her son and then had said this she slew her son and then had said this she slew her son and then roasted him and eat the one half of him roasted him and eat the one half of him roasted him and eat the one half of him and kept the other half by her concealed and kept the other half by her concealed and kept the other half by her concealed upon this the seditious came in upon this the seditious came in upon this the seditious came in presently and smelling the horrid sense presently and smelling the horrid sense presently and smelling the horrid sense of this food they threatened her that of this food they threatened her that of this food they threatened her that they would cut her throat immediately if

they would cut her throat immediately if they would cut her throat immediately if she did not show them what food she had she did not show them what food she had she did not show them what food she had gotten ready she replied that she had gotten ready she replied that she had gotten ready she replied that she had saved a very fine portion of it for them saved a very fine portion of it for them saved a very fine portion of it for them and with all uncovered what was left of and with all uncovered what was left of and with all uncovered what was left of her son hereupon They seized with a her son hereupon They seized with a her son hereupon They seized with a horror and amazement of mind and stood horror and amazement of mind and stood horror and amazement of mind and stood astonished at the site when she said to astonished at the site when she said to astonished at the site when she said to them this is my known son and what hath them this is my known son and what hath them this is my known son and what hath been done was mine own doing come eat been done was mine own doing come eat been done was mine own doing come eat this food for I have eaten of it myself this food for I have eaten of it myself this food for I have eaten of it myself do not you pretend to be either more do not you pretend to be either more do not you pretend to be either more tender than a woman or more tender than a woman or more tender than a woman or more compassionate than a mother but if you compassionate than a mother but if you compassionate than a mother but if you be so scrupulous and do abominate this be so scrupulous and do abominate this be so scrupulous and do abominate this my sacrifice as I have eaten the one my sacrifice as I have eaten the one my sacrifice as I have eaten the one half let the rest be reserved for me half let the rest be reserved for me half let the rest be reserved for me also after which those men went out also after which those men went out also after which those men went out trembling being never so much a trembling being never so much a trembling being never so much a frightened at anything as they were at frightened at anything as they were at frightened at anything as they were at this and with some difficulty they left this and with some difficulty they left this and with some difficulty they left the rest of that meat to the mother upon the rest of that meat to the mother upon the rest of that meat to the mother upon which the whole city was full of this which the whole city was full of this which the whole city was full of this horrid action immediately and while horrid action immediately and while horrid action immediately and while everybody laid this miserable case everybody laid this miserable case everybody laid this miserable case before their own eyes they trembled as before their own eyes they trembled as before their own eyes they trembled as if this unheard of action had been done if this unheard of action had been done if this unheard of action had been done by themselves so those that were thus by themselves so those that were thus by themselves so those that were thus distressed by the famine were very distressed by the famine were very distressed by the famine were very desirous to die and those already dead desirous to die and those already dead desirous to die and those already dead were esteemed happy because they had not were esteemed happy because they had not were esteemed happy because they had not lived long enough either to hear or to lived long enough either to hear or to lived long enough either to hear or to see such miseries see such miseries see such miseries five this sad instance was quickly told five this sad instance was quickly told five this sad instance was quickly told to the Romans some of whom could not to the Romans some of whom could not to the Romans some of whom could not believe it and others pitied the believe it and others pitied the believe it and others pitied the distress which the Jews were under but distress which the Jews were under but distress which the Jews were under but there were many of them who were hereby there were many of them who were hereby there were many of them who were hereby induced to a more bitter hatred than induced to a more bitter hatred than induced to a more bitter hatred than ordinary against our nation but for

ordinary against our nation but for ordinary against our nation but for Caesar he excused himself before God as Caesar he excused himself before God as Caesar he excused himself before God as to this matter and said that he had to this matter and said that he had to this matter and said that he had proposed peace and Liberty to the Jews proposed peace and Liberty to the Jews proposed peace and Liberty to the Jews as well as an oblivion of all their as well as an oblivion of all their as well as an oblivion of all their former insolent practices but that they former insolent practices but that they former insolent practices but that they instead of Concord had chosen sedition instead of Concord had chosen sedition instead of Concord had chosen sedition instead of Peace war and before satiety instead of Peace war and before satiety instead of Peace war and before satiety in abundance a famine that they had in abundance a famine that they had in abundance a famine that they had begun with their own hands to burn down begun with their own hands to burn down begun with their own hands to burn down that Temple which we have preserved that Temple which we have preserved that Temple which we have preserved hitherto and that therefore they deserve hitherto and that therefore they deserve hitherto and that therefore they deserve to eat such food as was this that to eat such food as was this that to eat such food as was this that however this horrid action of eating an however this horrid action of eating an however this horrid action of eating an own child ought to be covered with the own child ought to be covered with the own child ought to be covered with the overthrow of their very own country overthrow of their very own country overthrow of their very own country itself and that men ought not to leave itself and that men ought not to leave itself and that men ought not to leave such a city upon the habitable Earth to such a city upon the habitable Earth to such a city upon the habitable Earth to be seen by the sun wherein mothers are be seen by the sun wherein mothers are be seen by the sun wherein mothers are thus said although such food would be thus said although such food would be thus said although such food would be fitter for the fathers than for the fitter for the fathers than for the fitter for the fathers than for the mothers to eat of since it is they that mothers to eat of since it is they that mothers to eat of since it is they that continue still in a state of war against continue still in a state of war against continue still in a state of war against us after they have undergone such us after they have undergone such us after they have undergone such miseries as these and at the same time miseries as these and at the same time miseries as these and at the same time that he said this he reflected on the that he said this he reflected on the that he said this he reflected on the desperate condition these men must be in desperate condition these men must be in desperate condition these men must be in nor could he expect that such man could nor could he expect that such man could nor could he expect that such man could be recovered to sobriety of mind after be recovered to sobriety of mind after be recovered to sobriety of mind after they had endured those very sufferings they had endured those very sufferings they had endured those very sufferings for the avoiding thereof it only was for the avoiding thereof it only was for the avoiding thereof it only was probable they might have repented probable they might have repented probable they might have repented end of book 6 chapter 3.

book 6 chapter 4 of the wars of the Jews book 6 chapter 4 of the wars of the Jews this is a LibriVox recording all this is a LibriVox recording all this is a LibriVox recording all LibriVox recordings are in the public LibriVox recordings are in the public LibriVox recordings are in the public domain for more information or to domain for more information or to domain for more information or to volunteer please visit librivox.org volunteer please visit librivox.org volunteer please visit librivox.org the wars of the Jews by Josephus the wars of the Jews by Josephus the wars of the Jews by Josephus translated by William Winston translated by William Winston translated by William Winston chapter 4 when the banks were completed chapter 4 when the banks were completed chapter 4 when the banks were completed and the battering rams brought and could and the battering rams brought and could and the battering rams brought and could do nothing tight escaped orders to set do nothing tight escaped orders to set do nothing tight escaped orders to set fire to the gates of the temple in no fire to the gates of the temple in no fire to the gates of the temple in no long time after which the Holy House long time after which the Holy House long time after which the Holy House itself was burnt down even against his itself was burnt down even against his itself was burnt down even against his consent consent consent one and now two of the legions had one and now two of the legions had one and now two of the legions had completed their banks on the eighth day completed their banks on the eighth day completed their banks on the eighth day of the month lose at where upon Titus of the month lose at where upon Titus of the month lose at where upon Titus gave orders that the battering rams gave orders that the battering rams gave orders that the battering rams should be brought and set over against should be brought and set over against should be brought and set over against the Western edifice of the inner Temple the Western edifice of the inner Temple the Western edifice of the inner Temple for before these were brought the for before these were brought the for before these were brought the firmest of all the other engines had firmest of all the other engines had firmest of all the other engines had battered the wall for six days together battered the wall for six days together battered the wall for six days together without ceasing without making any without ceasing without making any without ceasing without making any impression upon it but the vast impression upon it but the vast impression upon it but the vast largeness and strong connection of the largeness and strong connection of the largeness and strong connection of the stones were Superior to that engine and stones were Superior to that engine and stones were Superior to that engine and to the other battering rams also to the other battering rams also to the other battering rams also other Romans did indeed undermine the other Romans did indeed undermine the other Romans did indeed undermine the foundations of the northern gate and foundations of the northern gate and foundations of the northern gate and after a world of pains removed the after a world of pains removed the after a world of pains removed the outermost Stones yet was the gate still outermost Stones yet was the gate still outermost Stones yet was the gate still upheld by the inner stones and Stood upheld by the inner stones and Stood upheld by the inner stones and Stood Still unhurt till the workmen despairing Still unhurt till the workmen despairing Still unhurt till the workmen despairing of all such attempts by engines and of all such attempts by engines and of all such attempts by engines and crows brought their ladders to The crows brought their ladders to The crows brought their ladders to The Cloisters Cloisters Cloisters now the Jews did not interrupt them in now the Jews did not interrupt them in now the Jews did not interrupt them in so doing but when they were gotten up

so doing but when they were gotten up so doing but when they were gotten up they fell upon them and fought with them they fell upon them and fought with them they fell upon them and fought with them some of them they thrust down and threw some of them they thrust down and threw some of them they thrust down and threw them backwards headlong others of them them backwards headlong others of them them backwards headlong others of them they met and Slough they also beat many they met and Slough they also beat many they met and Slough they also beat many of those that went down the ladders of those that went down the ladders of those that went down the ladders again and slew them with their swords again and slew them with their swords again and slew them with their swords before they could bring their Shields to before they could bring their Shields to before they could bring their Shields to protect them nay some of the ladders protect them nay some of the ladders protect them nay some of the ladders they threw down from above when they they threw down from above when they they threw down from above when they were full of armed men a great Slaughter were full of armed men a great Slaughter were full of armed men a great Slaughter was made of the Jews also at the same was made of the Jews also at the same was made of the Jews also at the same time while those that bear the ensens time while those that bear the ensens time while those that bear the ensens fought hard for them as deeming it a fought hard for them as deeming it a fought hard for them as deeming it a terrible thing and what would tend to terrible thing and what would tend to terrible thing and what would tend to their great shame if they permitted them their great shame if they permitted them their great shame if they permitted them to be stolen away to be stolen away to be stolen away yet did the Jews at length get yet did the Jews at length get yet did the Jews at length get possession of these engines and possession of these engines and possession of these engines and destroyed those that had gone up the destroyed those that had gone up the destroyed those that had gone up the ladders while the rest were so ladders while the rest were so ladders while the rest were so intimidated by what those suffered who intimidated by what those suffered who intimidated by what those suffered who were slain that they retired although were slain that they retired although were slain that they retired although none of the Romans died without having none of the Romans died without having none of the Romans died without having done good service before his death done good service before his death done good service before his death of the seditious those that had fought of the seditious those that had fought of the seditious those that had fought bravely in the former battles did the bravely in the former battles did the bravely in the former battles did the like now as besides them did eliezar the like now as besides them did eliezar the like now as besides them did eliezar the brothers son of Simon the tyrant brothers son of Simon the tyrant brothers son of Simon the tyrant but when Titus perceived that his but when Titus perceived that his but when Titus perceived that his Endeavors to spare a foreign Temple Endeavors to spare a foreign Temple Endeavors to spare a foreign Temple turned to the damage of his soldiers and turned to the damage of his soldiers and turned to the damage of his soldiers and then be killed he gave order to set the then be killed he gave order to set the then be killed he gave order to set the gates on fire gates on fire gates on fire two in the meantime they're deserted to two in the meantime they're deserted to two in the meantime they're deserted to him anonymous who came from Emmaus the him anonymous who came from Emmaus the him anonymous who came from Emmaus the most bloody of all Simon's guards and most bloody of all Simon's guards and most bloody of all Simon's guards and dark Elias the son of Mega dadas they dark Elias the son of Mega dadas they dark Elias the son of Mega dadas they hoping to be still forgiven because they

hoping to be still forgiven because they hoping to be still forgiven because they left the Jews at a time when they were left the Jews at a time when they were left the Jews at a time when they were the conquerors the conquerors the conquerors Titus objected this to these men as a Titus objected this to these men as a Titus objected this to these men as a cunning trick of theirs and as he had cunning trick of theirs and as he had cunning trick of theirs and as he had been informed of their other barbarities been informed of their other barbarities been informed of their other barbarities towards the Jews he was going in all towards the Jews he was going in all towards the Jews he was going in all haste to have them both slain haste to have them both slain haste to have them both slain he told them that they were only driven he told them that they were only driven he told them that they were only driven to this desertion because of the utmost to this desertion because of the utmost to this desertion because of the utmost distress they were in and did not come distress they were in and did not come distress they were in and did not come away of their own good disposition and away of their own good disposition and away of their own good disposition and that those did not deserve to be that those did not deserve to be that those did not deserve to be preserved by whom their own city was preserved by whom their own city was preserved by whom their own city was already set on fire out of which fire already set on fire out of which fire already set on fire out of which fire they now hurried themselves away they now hurried themselves away they now hurried themselves away however the security he had promised however the security he had promised however the security he had promised deserters overcame his resentments and deserters overcame his resentments and deserters overcame his resentments and he dismissed them accordingly though he he dismissed them accordingly though he he dismissed them accordingly though he did not give them the same privileges did not give them the same privileges did not give them the same privileges that he had afforded to others that he had afforded to others that he had afforded to others and now the soldiers had already put and now the soldiers had already put and now the soldiers had already put fire to the gates and the silver that fire to the gates and the silver that fire to the gates and the silver that was over them quickly carried the Flames was over them quickly carried the Flames was over them quickly carried the Flames to the wood that was within it once it to the wood that was within it once it to the wood that was within it once it spread itself all on the sudden and spread itself all on the sudden and spread itself all on the sudden and caught Hold On The Cloisters caught Hold On The Cloisters caught Hold On The Cloisters upon the Jews seeing this fire all about upon the Jews seeing this fire all about upon the Jews seeing this fire all about them their Spirits sunk together with them their Spirits sunk together with them their Spirits sunk together with their bodies and they were under such their bodies and they were under such their bodies and they were under such astonishment that not one of them made astonishment that not one of them made astonishment that not one of them made any haste either to defend himself or to any haste either to defend himself or to any haste either to defend himself or to quench the fire but they stood as mute quench the fire but they stood as mute quench the fire but they stood as mute Spectators of it only Spectators of it only Spectators of it only however they did not so grieve at the however they did not so grieve at the however they did not so grieve at the loss of what was now burning as to grow loss of what was now burning as to grow loss of what was now burning as to grow wiser thereby for the time to come but wiser thereby for the time to come but wiser thereby for the time to come but as though the Holy House itself had been as though the Holy House itself had been as though the Holy House itself had been on fire already they wedded their on fire already they wedded their on fire already they wedded their passions against the Romans this fire

passions against the Romans this fire passions against the Romans this fire prevailed during that day and the next prevailed during that day and the next prevailed during that day and the next also for the soldiers were not able to also for the soldiers were not able to also for the soldiers were not able to burn all The Cloisters that were round burn all The Cloisters that were round burn all The Cloisters that were round about together at one time but only by about together at one time but only by about together at one time but only by pieces pieces pieces three but then on the next day Titus three but then on the next day Titus three but then on the next day Titus commanded part of his army to quench the commanded part of his army to quench the commanded part of his army to quench the fire and to make a road for the more fire and to make a road for the more fire and to make a road for the more easy marching up of the legions while he easy marching up of the legions while he easy marching up of the legions while he himself gathered the commanders together himself gathered the commanders together himself gathered the commanders together of those that were assembled the six of those that were assembled the six of those that were assembled the six principal persons Tiberius Alexander the principal persons Tiberius Alexander the principal persons Tiberius Alexander the commander under the general of the whole commander under the general of the whole commander under the general of the whole army with sextus cerealis the commander army with sextus cerealis the commander army with sextus cerealis the commander of the fifth Legion and Marcia's lepidus of the fifth Legion and Marcia's lepidus of the fifth Legion and Marcia's lepidus the commander of the 10th Legion and the commander of the 10th Legion and the commander of the 10th Legion and Titus phrygius the commander of the 15th Titus phrygius the commander of the 15th Titus phrygius the commander of the 15th Legion there was also with them Legion there was also with them Legion there was also with them attorneys the leader of the two Legions attorneys the leader of the two Legions attorneys the leader of the two Legions that came from Alexandria and Marcus that came from Alexandria and Marcus that came from Alexandria and Marcus Antonius julianus pro-curator of Judea Antonius julianus pro-curator of Judea Antonius julianus pro-curator of Judea after these came together all the rest after these came together all the rest after these came together all the rest of the procurators and tribunes of the procurators and tribunes of the procurators and tribunes Titus proposed to these that they should Titus proposed to these that they should Titus proposed to these that they should give him their advice what should be give him their advice what should be give him their advice what should be done about the Holy house now some of done about the Holy house now some of done about the Holy house now some of these thought it would be the best way these thought it would be the best way these thought it would be the best way to act according to the rules of war and to act according to the rules of war and to act according to the rules of war and demolish it because the Jews would never demolish it because the Jews would never demolish it because the Jews would never leave off rebelling while that house was leave off rebelling while that house was leave off rebelling while that house was standing at which house it was that they standing at which house it was that they standing at which house it was that they used to get all together used to get all together used to get all together others of them were of opinion that in others of them were of opinion that in others of them were of opinion that in case the Jews would leave it and none of case the Jews would leave it and none of case the Jews would leave it and none of them would lay their arms up in it he them would lay their arms up in it he them would lay their arms up in it he might save it but that in case they got

might save it but that in case they got might save it but that in case they got upon it and fought anymore he might burn upon it and fought anymore he might burn upon it and fought anymore he might burn it because it must then be looked upon it because it must then be looked upon it because it must then be looked upon not as a holy house but as a citadel and not as a holy house but as a citadel and not as a holy house but as a citadel and that the impiety of burning it would that the impiety of burning it would that the impiety of burning it would then belong to those that forced this to then belong to those that forced this to then belong to those that forced this to be done and not to them be done and not to them be done and not to them but Titus said that although the Jews but Titus said that although the Jews but Titus said that although the Jews should get upon that Holy house and should get upon that Holy house and should get upon that Holy house and fight us then yet are we not to Revenge fight us then yet are we not to Revenge fight us then yet are we not to Revenge ourselves on things that are inanimate ourselves on things that are inanimate ourselves on things that are inanimate instead of the men themselves and that instead of the men themselves and that instead of the men themselves and that he was not in any case for the burning he was not in any case for the burning he was not in any case for the burning down of so vasto work as that was down of so vasto work as that was down of so vasto work as that was because it would be a mischief to the because it would be a mischief to the because it would be a mischief to the Romans themselves as it would be an Romans themselves as it would be an Romans themselves as it would be an ornament to their government while it ornament to their government while it ornament to their government while it continued continued continued so franto and Alexander and cerealis so franto and Alexander and cerealis so franto and Alexander and cerealis grew bold upon that declaration and grew bold upon that declaration and grew bold upon that declaration and agreed to the opinion of Titus agreed to the opinion of Titus agreed to the opinion of Titus then was this assembly dissolved when then was this assembly dissolved when then was this assembly dissolved when Titus had given orders to the commanders Titus had given orders to the commanders Titus had given orders to the commanders that the rest of their forces should lie that the rest of their forces should lie that the rest of their forces should lie still but that they should make use of still but that they should make use of still but that they should make use of such as were the most courageous in this such as were the most courageous in this such as were the most courageous in this attack attack attack so he commanded that the chosen men that so he commanded that the chosen men that so he commanded that the chosen men that were taken out of the cohorts should were taken out of the cohorts should were taken out of the cohorts should make their way through the ruins and make their way through the ruins and make their way through the ruins and quench the fire quench the fire quench the fire 4. now it was true that on this day the 4. now it was true that on this day the 4. now it was true that on this day the Jews were so weary and under such Jews were so weary and under such Jews were so weary and under such consternation that they refrained from consternation that they refrained from consternation that they refrained from any attacks but on the next day they any attacks but on the next day they any attacks but on the next day they gathered their whole Force together and gathered their whole Force together and gathered their whole Force together and ran upon those that guarded the outward ran upon those that guarded the outward ran upon those that guarded the outward Court of the temple very boldly through Court of the temple very boldly through Court of the temple very boldly through the East Gate and this about the second the East Gate and this about the second the East Gate and this about the second hour of the day hour of the day hour of the day these guards received that their attack

these guards received that their attack these guards received that their attack with great bravery and by covering with great bravery and by covering with great bravery and by covering themselves with their Shields before as themselves with their Shields before as themselves with their Shields before as if it were with a while they drew their if it were with a while they drew their if it were with a while they drew their Squadron close together yet was it Squadron close together yet was it Squadron close together yet was it evident that they could not abide there evident that they could not abide there evident that they could not abide there very long but would be overborn by the very long but would be overborn by the very long but would be overborn by the multitude of those that Sally doubt upon multitude of those that Sally doubt upon multitude of those that Sally doubt upon them and by the heat of their passion them and by the heat of their passion them and by the heat of their passion however Caesar seeing from the Tower of however Caesar seeing from the Tower of however Caesar seeing from the Tower of Antonia that this Squadron was likely to Antonia that this Squadron was likely to Antonia that this Squadron was likely to give way he sent some chosen Horsemen to give way he sent some chosen Horsemen to give way he sent some chosen Horsemen to support them whereupon the Jews found support them whereupon the Jews found support them whereupon the Jews found themselves not able to sustain their themselves not able to sustain their themselves not able to sustain their onset and upon the slaughter of those in onset and upon the slaughter of those in onset and upon the slaughter of those in the Forefront many of the rest were put the Forefront many of the rest were put the Forefront many of the rest were put to flight to flight to flight but as the Romans were going off the but as the Romans were going off the but as the Romans were going off the Jews turned upon them and fought them Jews turned upon them and fought them Jews turned upon them and fought them and as those Romans came back upon them and as those Romans came back upon them and as those Romans came back upon them they retreated again until about the they retreated again until about the they retreated again until about the fifth hour of the day they were overborn fifth hour of the day they were overborn fifth hour of the day they were overborn and shut themselves up in the inner and shut themselves up in the inner and shut themselves up in the inner Court of the Temple Court of the Temple Court of the Temple five so Titus retired into the Tower of five so Titus retired into the Tower of five so Titus retired into the Tower of Antonia and resolved to storm the temple Antonia and resolved to storm the temple Antonia and resolved to storm the temple the next day early in the morning with the next day early in the morning with the next day early in the morning with his whole Army and to encamp round about his whole Army and to encamp round about his whole Army and to encamp round about the Holy house but as for that house God the Holy house but as for that house God the Holy house but as for that house God had for certain long ago doomed it to had for certain long ago doomed it to had for certain long ago doomed it to the fire and now that fatal day was come the fire and now that fatal day was come the fire and now that fatal day was come according to the revolution of Ages it according to the revolution of Ages it according to the revolution of Ages it was the tenth day of the month lose AB was the tenth day of the month lose AB was the tenth day of the month lose AB upon which it was formerly burnt by the upon which it was formerly burnt by the upon which it was formerly burnt by the king of Babylon although these Flames king of Babylon although these Flames king of Babylon although these Flames took their rise from the Jews themselves took their rise from the Jews themselves took their rise from the Jews themselves and were occasioned by them for upon

and were occasioned by them for upon and were occasioned by them for upon titus's retiring the seditious lay still titus's retiring the seditious lay still titus's retiring the seditious lay still for a little while and then attacked the for a little while and then attacked the for a little while and then attacked the Romans again when those that guarded the Romans again when those that guarded the Romans again when those that guarded the Holy House fought with those that Holy House fought with those that Holy House fought with those that quenched the fire that was burning the quenched the fire that was burning the quenched the fire that was burning the inner Court of the Temple inner Court of the Temple inner Court of the Temple but these Romans put the Jews to flight but these Romans put the Jews to flight but these Romans put the Jews to flight and proceeded as far as the Holy House and proceeded as far as the Holy House and proceeded as far as the Holy House itself at which time one of the soldiers itself at which time one of the soldiers itself at which time one of the soldiers without staying for any orders and without staying for any orders and without staying for any orders and without any concern or dread upon him at without any concern or dread upon him at without any concern or dread upon him at so great an undertaking and being so great an undertaking and being so great an undertaking and being hurried on by a certain Divine Fury hurried on by a certain Divine Fury hurried on by a certain Divine Fury snatched somewhat out of the materials snatched somewhat out of the materials snatched somewhat out of the materials that were on fire and being lifted up by that were on fire and being lifted up by that were on fire and being lifted up by another Soldier he set fire to a golden another Soldier he set fire to a golden another Soldier he set fire to a golden window through which there was a passage window through which there was a passage window through which there was a passage to the rooms that were round about the to the rooms that were round about the to the rooms that were round about the Holy house on the north side of it as Holy house on the north side of it as Holy house on the north side of it as the Flames went upward the Jews made a the Flames went upward the Jews made a the Flames went upward the Jews made a great clamor such as so mighty in great clamor such as so mighty in great clamor such as so mighty in Affliction required and ran together to Affliction required and ran together to Affliction required and ran together to prevent it and now they spared not their prevent it and now they spared not their prevent it and now they spared not their lives any longer nor suffered anything lives any longer nor suffered anything lives any longer nor suffered anything to restrain their Force since that Holy to restrain their Force since that Holy to restrain their Force since that Holy house was perishing for whose sake it house was perishing for whose sake it house was perishing for whose sake it was that they kept such a guard about it was that they kept such a guard about it was that they kept such a guard about it six and now a certain person came six and now a certain person came six and now a certain person came running to Titus and told him of this running to Titus and told him of this running to Titus and told him of this fire as he was resting himself in his fire as he was resting himself in his fire as he was resting himself in his tent after the last battle whereupon he tent after the last battle whereupon he tent after the last battle whereupon he rose up in great haste and as he was ran rose up in great haste and as he was ran rose up in great haste and as he was ran to the Holy House in order to have a to the Holy House in order to have a to the Holy House in order to have a stop put to the fire after him followed stop put to the fire after him followed stop put to the fire after him followed all his commanders and after them all his commanders and after them all his commanders and after them followed the several Legions in great followed the several Legions in great followed the several Legions in great astonishment so there was a great clamor

astonishment so there was a great clamor astonishment so there was a great clamor and two malt raised as was natural upon and two malt raised as was natural upon and two malt raised as was natural upon the disorderly motion of so great an the disorderly motion of so great an the disorderly motion of so great an army then did Caesar both by calling to army then did Caesar both by calling to army then did Caesar both by calling to the soldiers that were fighting with a the soldiers that were fighting with a the soldiers that were fighting with a loud voice and by giving a signal to loud voice and by giving a signal to loud voice and by giving a signal to them with his right hand order them to them with his right hand order them to them with his right hand order them to quench the fire but they did not hear quench the fire but they did not hear quench the fire but they did not hear what he said though he spake so loud what he said though he spake so loud what he said though he spake so loud having their ears already dimmed by a having their ears already dimmed by a having their ears already dimmed by a greater noise another way nor did they greater noise another way nor did they greater noise another way nor did they attend to the signal he made with his attend to the signal he made with his attend to the signal he made with his hand neither as still some of them were hand neither as still some of them were hand neither as still some of them were distracted with fighting and others with distracted with fighting and others with distracted with fighting and others with passion passion passion but as for the legions that came running but as for the legions that came running but as for the legions that came running thither neither any Persuasions nor any thither neither any Persuasions nor any thither neither any Persuasions nor any threatenings could restrain their threatenings could restrain their threatenings could restrain their violence but each one's own passion was violence but each one's own passion was violence but each one's own passion was his Commander at this time his Commander at this time his Commander at this time and as they were crowding into the and as they were crowding into the and as they were crowding into the temple together many of them were temple together many of them were temple together many of them were trampled on by one another while a great trampled on by one another while a great trampled on by one another while a great number fell among the ruins of The number fell among the ruins of The number fell among the ruins of The Cloisters which were still hot in Cloisters which were still hot in Cloisters which were still hot in smoking and were destroyed in the same smoking and were destroyed in the same smoking and were destroyed in the same miserable way with those whom they had miserable way with those whom they had miserable way with those whom they had conquered and when they were come near conquered and when they were come near conquered and when they were come near the holy house they made as if they did the holy house they made as if they did the holy house they made as if they did not so much as here Caesar's orders to not so much as here Caesar's orders to not so much as here Caesar's orders to the contrary but they encouraged those the contrary but they encouraged those the contrary but they encouraged those that were before them to set it on fire that were before them to set it on fire that were before them to set it on fire as for the seditious they were in too as for the seditious they were in too as for the seditious they were in too great distress already to afford their great distress already to afford their great distress already to afford their assistance towards quenching the fire assistance towards quenching the fire assistance towards quenching the fire they were everywhere slain and they were everywhere slain and they were everywhere slain and everywhere beaten and as for the great everywhere beaten and as for the great everywhere beaten and as for the great part of the people they were weak and part of the people they were weak and part of the people they were weak and without arms and had their throats cut without arms and had their throats cut without arms and had their throats cut wherever they were caught wherever they were caught wherever they were caught now round about the altar lay dead now round about the altar lay dead now round about the altar lay dead bodies heaped one upon another as at the

bodies heaped one upon another as at the bodies heaped one upon another as at the steps going up to it ran a great steps going up to it ran a great steps going up to it ran a great quantity of their blood with their also quantity of their blood with their also quantity of their blood with their also the dead bodies that were slain above on the dead bodies that were slain above on the dead bodies that were slain above on the altar fell down the altar fell down the altar fell down footnote these steps to the altar of footnote these steps to the altar of footnote these steps to the altar of burnt offering seem here either in burnt offering seem here either in burnt offering seem here either in improper and inaccurate expression of improper and inaccurate expression of improper and inaccurate expression of Josephus since it was unlawful to make Josephus since it was unlawful to make Josephus since it was unlawful to make ladder steps or else those steps or ladder steps or else those steps or ladder steps or else those steps or stairs we now use were invented before stairs we now use were invented before stairs we now use were invented before the days of Herod the Great and had been the days of Herod the Great and had been the days of Herod the Great and had been there built by him there built by him there built by him though the latter Jews always deny it though the latter Jews always deny it though the latter Jews always deny it and say that even herod's altar was and say that even herod's altar was and say that even herod's altar was ascended to by an eclivity only and ascended to by an eclivity only and ascended to by an eclivity only and footnote footnote footnote seven and now since Caesar was no way seven and now since Caesar was no way seven and now since Caesar was no way able to restrain the enthusiastic Fury able to restrain the enthusiastic Fury able to restrain the enthusiastic Fury of the soldiers and the fire proceeded of the soldiers and the fire proceeded of the soldiers and the fire proceeded on more and more he went into the holy on more and more he went into the holy on more and more he went into the holy place of the temple with his commanders place of the temple with his commanders place of the temple with his commanders inside with what was in it which he inside with what was in it which he inside with what was in it which he found to be far superior to what the found to be far superior to what the found to be far superior to what the relations of foreigners contained and relations of foreigners contained and relations of foreigners contained and not inferior to what we ourselves not inferior to what we ourselves not inferior to what we ourselves boasted of and believed about it boasted of and believed about it boasted of and believed about it but as the flame had not as yet reached but as the flame had not as yet reached but as the flame had not as yet reached to its inward Parts but was still to its inward Parts but was still to its inward Parts but was still consuming the rooms that were about the consuming the rooms that were about the consuming the rooms that were about the Holy house and Titus supposing what the Holy house and Titus supposing what the Holy house and Titus supposing what the fact was that the house itself might yet fact was that the house itself might yet fact was that the house itself might yet be saved he came in haste and endeavored be saved he came in haste and endeavored be saved he came in haste and endeavored to persuade the soldiers to quench the to persuade the soldiers to quench the to persuade the soldiers to quench the fire and gave order to liberali as the fire and gave order to liberali as the fire and gave order to liberali as the Centurion and one of those spearmen that Centurion and one of those spearmen that Centurion and one of those spearmen that were about him to beat the soldiers that were about him to beat the soldiers that were about him to beat the soldiers that were refractory with their staves and to were refractory with their staves and to were refractory with their staves and to restrain them restrain them restrain them yet were their passions too hard for the

yet were their passions too hard for the yet were their passions too hard for the regards they had for Caesar and the regards they had for Caesar and the regards they had for Caesar and the dread they had of him who forbade them dread they had of him who forbade them dread they had of him who forbade them as was their hatred of the Jews in a as was their hatred of the Jews in a as was their hatred of the Jews in a certain vehement inclination to fight certain vehement inclination to fight certain vehement inclination to fight them too hard for them also them too hard for them also them too hard for them also moreover the hope of funder induced many moreover the hope of funder induced many moreover the hope of funder induced many to go on as having this opinion that all to go on as having this opinion that all to go on as having this opinion that all the places within were full of money and the places within were full of money and the places within were full of money and as seeing that all round about it was as seeing that all round about it was as seeing that all round about it was made of gold made of gold made of gold and besides one of those that went into and besides one of those that went into and besides one of those that went into the place prevented Caesar when he ran the place prevented Caesar when he ran the place prevented Caesar when he ran so hastily out to restrain the soldiers so hastily out to restrain the soldiers so hastily out to restrain the soldiers and threw the fire upon the hinges of and threw the fire upon the hinges of and threw the fire upon the hinges of the gate in the dark the gate in the dark the gate in the dark whereby the flame burst out from within whereby the flame burst out from within whereby the flame burst out from within the Holy House itself immediately when the Holy House itself immediately when the Holy House itself immediately when the commanders retired and Caesar with the commanders retired and Caesar with the commanders retired and Caesar with them and when nobody any longer forbade them and when nobody any longer forbade them and when nobody any longer forbade those that were without to set fire to those that were without to set fire to those that were without to set fire to it and thus was the Holy house burnt it and thus was the Holy house burnt it and thus was the Holy house burnt down without Caesar's approbation down without Caesar's approbation down without Caesar's approbation eight eight eight now although anyone would justly lament now although anyone would justly lament now although anyone would justly lament the destruction of such a work as this the destruction of such a work as this the destruction of such a work as this was since it was the most admirable of was since it was the most admirable of was since it was the most admirable of all the works that we have seen or heard all the works that we have seen or heard all the works that we have seen or heard of both for its curious structure and of both for its curious structure and of both for its curious structure and its magnitude and also for the vast its magnitude and also for the vast its magnitude and also for the vast wealth bestowed upon it as well as for wealth bestowed upon it as well as for wealth bestowed upon it as well as for the Glorious reputation it had for its the Glorious reputation it had for its the Glorious reputation it had for its Holiness yet might such a one Comfort Holiness yet might such a one Comfort Holiness yet might such a one Comfort himself with this thought that it was himself with this thought that it was himself with this thought that it was fate that decreed it so to be which is fate that decreed it so to be which is fate that decreed it so to be which is inevitable both as to living creatures inevitable both as to living creatures inevitable both as to living creatures and as to works and places also and as to works and places also and as to works and places also however one cannot but Wonder at the however one cannot but Wonder at the however one cannot but Wonder at the accuracy of this period thereto relating

accuracy of this period thereto relating accuracy of this period thereto relating for the same month and day were now for the same month and day were now for the same month and day were now observed as I said before wherein the observed as I said before wherein the observed as I said before wherein the holy house was burned formerly by the holy house was burned formerly by the holy house was burned formerly by the Babylonians Babylonians Babylonians now the number of years that passed from now the number of years that passed from now the number of years that passed from its first Foundation which was laid by its first Foundation which was laid by its first Foundation which was laid by King Solomon till this its destruction King Solomon till this its destruction King Solomon till this its destruction which happened in the second year of the which happened in the second year of the which happened in the second year of the reign of Vespasian are collected to be reign of Vespasian are collected to be reign of Vespasian are collected to be 1130 besides 7 months and 15 days and 1130 besides 7 months and 15 days and 1130 besides 7 months and 15 days and from the second building of it which was from the second building of it which was from the second building of it which was done by haggai in the second year of done by haggai in the second year of done by haggai in the second year of Cyrus the king till its destruction Cyrus the king till its destruction Cyrus the king till its destruction under Vespasian there were 639 years and under Vespasian there were 639 years and under Vespasian there were 639 years and 45 days 45 days 45 days end of book 6 chapter 4. book 6 chapter 5 of the wars of the Jews book 6 chapter 5 of the wars of the Jews this is a LibriVox recording all this is a LibriVox recording all this is a LibriVox recording all LibriVox recordings are in the public LibriVox recordings are in the public LibriVox recordings are in the public domain for more information or to domain for more information or to domain for more information or to volunteer please visit librivox.org volunteer please visit librivox.org volunteer please visit librivox.org the wars of the Jews by Josephus the wars of the Jews by Josephus the wars of the Jews by Josephus translated by William Winston chapter 5 translated by William Winston chapter 5 translated by William Winston chapter 5 the great distress the Jews were in upon the great distress the Jews were in upon the great distress the Jews were in upon the conflagration of the Holy House the conflagration of the Holy House the conflagration of the Holy House concerning a false prophet and the signs concerning a false prophet and the signs concerning a false prophet and the signs that preceded this destruction that preceded this destruction that preceded this destruction one while the Holy house was on fire one while the Holy house was on fire one while the Holy house was on fire everything was plundered that came to everything was plundered that came to everything was plundered that came to hand and ten thousand of those that were hand and ten thousand of those that were hand and ten thousand of those that were caught were slain nor was there a caught were slain nor was there a caught were slain nor was there a commiseration of any age or any commiseration of any age or any commiseration of any age or any reverence of gravity but children and

reverence of gravity but children and reverence of gravity but children and old men and profane persons and Priests old men and profane persons and Priests old men and profane persons and Priests were all slain in the same manner so were all slain in the same manner so were all slain in the same manner so that this war went round all sorts of that this war went round all sorts of that this war went round all sorts of men and brought them to destruction and men and brought them to destruction and men and brought them to destruction and as well those that made supplication for as well those that made supplication for as well those that made supplication for their lives as those that defended their lives as those that defended their lives as those that defended themselves by fighting the flame was themselves by fighting the flame was themselves by fighting the flame was also carried a long way and made an echo also carried a long way and made an echo also carried a long way and made an echo together with the groans of those that together with the groans of those that together with the groans of those that were slain and because this hill was were slain and because this hill was were slain and because this hill was high and the works of the temple were high and the works of the temple were high and the works of the temple were very great one would have thought the very great one would have thought the very great one would have thought the whole city had been on fire whole city had been on fire whole city had been on fire nor can one imagine anything either nor can one imagine anything either nor can one imagine anything either greater or more terrible than this noise greater or more terrible than this noise greater or more terrible than this noise for there was at once a shout of the for there was at once a shout of the for there was at once a shout of the Roman Legions who were marching Roman Legions who were marching Roman Legions who were marching altogether and a sad clamor of the altogether and a sad clamor of the altogether and a sad clamor of the seditious who were now surrounded with seditious who were now surrounded with seditious who were now surrounded with fire and sword fire and sword fire and sword the people also that were left above the people also that were left above the people also that were left above were beaten back upon the enemy and were beaten back upon the enemy and were beaten back upon the enemy and under a great consternation and made sad under a great consternation and made sad under a great consternation and made sad moans at the Calamity they were under moans at the Calamity they were under moans at the Calamity they were under the multitude also that was in the city the multitude also that was in the city the multitude also that was in the city joined in this outcry with those that joined in this outcry with those that joined in this outcry with those that were upon the hill were upon the hill were upon the hill and besides many of those that were worn and besides many of those that were worn and besides many of those that were worn Away by the famine and their mouths Away by the famine and their mouths Away by the famine and their mouths almost closed when they saw the fire of almost closed when they saw the fire of almost closed when they saw the fire of the Holy house they exerted their utmost the Holy house they exerted their utmost the Holy house they exerted their utmost strength and break out into groans and strength and break out into groans and strength and break out into groans and outcries again Pera did also return the outcries again Pera did also return the outcries again Pera did also return the echo as well as the mountains round echo as well as the mountains round echo as well as the mountains round about the city and augmented the force about the city and augmented the force about the city and augmented the force of the entire noise of the entire noise of the entire noise footnote this perea if the word be not footnote this perea if the word be not footnote this perea if the word be not mistaken in the copies can that well be mistaken in the copies can that well be mistaken in the copies can that well be that perea which was beyond Jordan whose

that perea which was beyond Jordan whose that perea which was beyond Jordan whose mountains were at a considerable mountains were at a considerable mountains were at a considerable distance from Jordan and much too remote distance from Jordan and much too remote distance from Jordan and much too remote from Jerusalem to join in this Echo at from Jerusalem to join in this Echo at from Jerusalem to join in this Echo at the conflagration of the Temple but the conflagration of the Temple but the conflagration of the Temple but perea must be rather some mountains perea must be rather some mountains perea must be rather some mountains beyond the brook kedron as was the Mount beyond the brook kedron as was the Mount beyond the brook kedron as was the Mount of Olives or some others about such a of Olives or some others about such a of Olives or some others about such a distance from Jerusalem which distance from Jerusalem which distance from Jerusalem which observation is so obvious that it is a observation is so obvious that it is a observation is so obvious that it is a Wonder our commentators here take no Wonder our commentators here take no Wonder our commentators here take no notice of it and footnote notice of it and footnote notice of it and footnote yet was the misery itself more terrible yet was the misery itself more terrible yet was the misery itself more terrible than this disorder for one would have than this disorder for one would have than this disorder for one would have thought that the hill itself on which thought that the hill itself on which thought that the hill itself on which the temple stood was seething hot as the temple stood was seething hot as the temple stood was seething hot as full of fire on every part of it that full of fire on every part of it that full of fire on every part of it that the blood was larger in quantity than the blood was larger in quantity than the blood was larger in quantity than the fire than those that were slain were the fire than those that were slain were the fire than those that were slain were more in number than those that slew them more in number than those that slew them more in number than those that slew them for the ground did nowhere appear for the ground did nowhere appear for the ground did nowhere appear visible for the dead bodies that lay on visible for the dead bodies that lay on visible for the dead bodies that lay on it but the soldiers went over heaps of it but the soldiers went over heaps of it but the soldiers went over heaps of these bodies as they ran upon such as these bodies as they ran upon such as these bodies as they ran upon such as flood from them flood from them flood from them and now it was that the multitude of the and now it was that the multitude of the and now it was that the multitude of the robbers were Thrust out of the inner robbers were Thrust out of the inner robbers were Thrust out of the inner Court of the temple by the Romans and Court of the temple by the Romans and Court of the temple by the Romans and had Much Ado to get into the outward had Much Ado to get into the outward had Much Ado to get into the outward court and from thence into the city court and from thence into the city court and from thence into the city while the remainder of the populace fled while the remainder of the populace fled while the remainder of the populace fled Into The Cloister of that outer Court Into The Cloister of that outer Court Into The Cloister of that outer Court as for the priests some of them plucked as for the priests some of them plucked as for the priests some of them plucked up from the Holy House the spikes that up from the Holy House the spikes that up from the Holy House the spikes that were upon it with their bases which were were upon it with their bases which were were upon it with their bases which were made of lead and shot them at the Romans made of lead and shot them at the Romans made of lead and shot them at the Romans instead of darts instead of darts instead of darts footnote footnote footnote real and I think here judges well when real and I think here judges well when real and I think here judges well when he interprets these spikes of those that he interprets these spikes of those that he interprets these spikes of those that stood on the top of the Holy house with

stood on the top of the Holy house with stood on the top of the Holy house with sharp points they were fixed into lead sharp points they were fixed into lead sharp points they were fixed into lead to prevent the birds from sitting there to prevent the birds from sitting there to prevent the birds from sitting there and defiling the holy house for such and defiling the holy house for such and defiling the holy house for such spikes there were now upon it as spikes there were now upon it as spikes there were now upon it as Josephus himself hath already assured us Josephus himself hath already assured us Josephus himself hath already assured us and footnote and footnote and footnote but then as they gained Nothing by so but then as they gained Nothing by so but then as they gained Nothing by so doing and as the fire burst out upon doing and as the fire burst out upon doing and as the fire burst out upon them they retired to the wall that was them they retired to the wall that was them they retired to the wall that was eight cubits Broad and there they eight cubits Broad and there they eight cubits Broad and there they tarried yet did two of these of eminence tarried yet did two of these of eminence tarried yet did two of these of eminence among them who might have saved among them who might have saved among them who might have saved themselves by going over to the Romans themselves by going over to the Romans themselves by going over to the Romans or have borne up with courage and taken or have borne up with courage and taken or have borne up with courage and taken their Fortune with the others throw their Fortune with the others throw their Fortune with the others throw themselves into the fire and were Birds themselves into the fire and were Birds themselves into the fire and were Birds together with the Holy House together with the Holy House together with the Holy House their names were Marist the son of their names were Marist the son of their names were Marist the son of belgus and Joseph the son of dalius belgus and Joseph the son of dalius belgus and Joseph the son of dalius two and now the Romans judging that it two and now the Romans judging that it two and now the Romans judging that it was in vain to spare what was browned was in vain to spare what was browned was in vain to spare what was browned about the Holy house burnt all those about the Holy house burnt all those about the Holy house burnt all those places as also the remains of The places as also the remains of The places as also the remains of The Cloisters and the gates to accept it the Cloisters and the gates to accept it the Cloisters and the gates to accept it the one on the east side and the other on one on the east side and the other on one on the east side and the other on the south both which however they burnt the south both which however they burnt the south both which however they burnt afterward they also burned down the afterward they also burned down the afterward they also burned down the treasury Chambers in which was an treasury Chambers in which was an treasury Chambers in which was an immense quantity of money and an immense immense quantity of money and an immense immense quantity of money and an immense number of garments and other precious number of garments and other precious number of garments and other precious Goods they're reposited and to speak all Goods they're reposited and to speak all Goods they're reposited and to speak all in a few words there it was that the in a few words there it was that the in a few words there it was that the entire Riches of the Jews were heaped up entire Riches of the Jews were heaped up entire Riches of the Jews were heaped up together while the rich people had their together while the rich people had their together while the rich people had their built themselves Chambers to contain built themselves Chambers to contain built themselves Chambers to contain such furniture such furniture such furniture the soldiers also came to the rest of the soldiers also came to the rest of the soldiers also came to the rest of The Cloisters that were in the outer The Cloisters that were in the outer The Cloisters that were in the outer Court of the temple whether the women

Court of the temple whether the women Court of the temple whether the women and children in a great mixed multitude and children in a great mixed multitude and children in a great mixed multitude of the people fled in number about 6 000 of the people fled in number about 6 000 of the people fled in number about 6 000 but before Caesar had determined but before Caesar had determined but before Caesar had determined anything about these people or given the anything about these people or given the anything about these people or given the commanders any orders relating to them commanders any orders relating to them commanders any orders relating to them the soldiers were in such a rage that the soldiers were in such a rage that the soldiers were in such a rage that they set that Cloister on fire by which they set that Cloister on fire by which they set that Cloister on fire by which means it came to pass that some of these means it came to pass that some of these means it came to pass that some of these were destroyed by throwing themselves were destroyed by throwing themselves were destroyed by throwing themselves down headlong and some were burnt in The down headlong and some were burnt in The down headlong and some were burnt in The Cloisters themselves nor did any one of Cloisters themselves nor did any one of Cloisters themselves nor did any one of them escape with his life them escape with his life them escape with his life a false prophet was the occasion of a false prophet was the occasion of a false prophet was the occasion of these people's destruction who had made these people's destruction who had made these people's destruction who had made a public proclamation in the city that a public proclamation in the city that a public proclamation in the city that very day that God commanded them to get very day that God commanded them to get very day that God commanded them to get upon the temple and that there they upon the temple and that there they upon the temple and that there they should receive miraculous signs of their should receive miraculous signs of their should receive miraculous signs of their Deliverance Deliverance Deliverance footnote Greenland here takes notice footnote Greenland here takes notice footnote Greenland here takes notice that these Jews who had despised the that these Jews who had despised the that these Jews who had despised the true Prophet were deservedly abused and true Prophet were deservedly abused and true Prophet were deservedly abused and deluded by these false ones and footnote deluded by these false ones and footnote deluded by these false ones and footnote now there was then a great number of now there was then a great number of now there was then a great number of false prophets suborned by the tyrants false prophets suborned by the tyrants false prophets suborned by the tyrants to impose on the people who denounced to impose on the people who denounced to impose on the people who denounced this to them that they should wait for this to them that they should wait for this to them that they should wait for deliverance from God and this was in deliverance from God and this was in deliverance from God and this was in order to keep them from deserting and order to keep them from deserting and order to keep them from deserting and that they might be buoyed up above fear that they might be buoyed up above fear that they might be buoyed up above fear and Care by such hopes now a man that is and Care by such hopes now a man that is and Care by such hopes now a man that is in adversity does easily comply with in adversity does easily comply with in adversity does easily comply with such promises for when such a Seducer such promises for when such a Seducer such promises for when such a Seducer makes him believe that he shall be makes him believe that he shall be makes him believe that he shall be delivered from these miseries which delivered from these miseries which delivered from these miseries which oppress him than it is that the patient oppress him than it is that the patient oppress him than it is that the patient is full of hopes of such his Deliverance is full of hopes of such his Deliverance is full of hopes of such his Deliverance 3. thus were the miserable people 3. thus were the miserable people 3. thus were the miserable people persuaded by these deceivers and such as

persuaded by these deceivers and such as persuaded by these deceivers and such as belied God himself while they did not belied God himself while they did not belied God himself while they did not attend nor give credit to the signs that attend nor give credit to the signs that attend nor give credit to the signs that were so evident and did so plainly were so evident and did so plainly were so evident and did so plainly foretell their future desolation but foretell their future desolation but foretell their future desolation but like men infatuated without either eyes like men infatuated without either eyes like men infatuated without either eyes to see or Minds to consider did not to see or Minds to consider did not to see or Minds to consider did not regard the denunciations that God made regard the denunciations that God made regard the denunciations that God made to them to them to them thus there was a star resembling a sword thus there was a star resembling a sword thus there was a star resembling a sword which stood over the city and a comment which stood over the city and a comment which stood over the city and a comment that continued a whole year that continued a whole year that continued a whole year footnote whether Josephus means that footnote whether Josephus means that footnote whether Josephus means that this star was different from that Comet this star was different from that Comet this star was different from that Comet which lasted a whole year I cannot which lasted a whole year I cannot which lasted a whole year I cannot certainly determine his words most certainly determine his words most certainly determine his words most favored there being different one from favored there being different one from favored there being different one from another and footnote another and footnote another and footnote thus also before the Jews rebellion and thus also before the Jews rebellion and thus also before the Jews rebellion and before those commotions which preceded before those commotions which preceded before those commotions which preceded the war when the people were come in the war when the people were come in the war when the people were come in great crowds to the Feast of unleavened great crowds to the Feast of unleavened great crowds to the Feast of unleavened bread on the eighth day of the month bread on the eighth day of the month bread on the eighth day of the month Santa kiss Nissan and at the ninth hour Santa kiss Nissan and at the ninth hour Santa kiss Nissan and at the ninth hour of the night so great a light Shone of the night so great a light Shone of the night so great a light Shone Round The Altar and the holy house that Round The Altar and the holy house that Round The Altar and the holy house that it appeared to be bright daytime which it appeared to be bright daytime which it appeared to be bright daytime which lasted for half an hour lasted for half an hour lasted for half an hour footnote since Josephus still uses the footnote since Josephus still uses the footnote since Josephus still uses the zero Macedonian month Santa kiss for the zero Macedonian month Santa kiss for the zero Macedonian month Santa kiss for the Jewish month Nissan this eighth or as Jewish month Nissan this eighth or as Jewish month Nissan this eighth or as necessarus reads it this ninth of necessarus reads it this ninth of necessarus reads it this ninth of xanthicus or Nissan was almost a week xanthicus or Nissan was almost a week xanthicus or Nissan was almost a week before the Passover on the 14th about before the Passover on the 14th about before the Passover on the 14th about which time we learned from Saint John which time we learned from Saint John which time we learned from Saint John that many used to go quote out of the that many used to go quote out of the that many used to go quote out of the country to Jerusalem to purify country to Jerusalem to purify country to Jerusalem to purify themselves and quote John 11 55 with themselves and quote John 11 55 with themselves and quote John 11 55 with chapter 12 verse 1 in agreement with

chapter 12 verse 1 in agreement with chapter 12 verse 1 in agreement with Josephus also book 5 chapter 3 section 1 Josephus also book 5 chapter 3 section 1 Josephus also book 5 chapter 3 section 1 and it might well be that in the sight and it might well be that in the sight and it might well be that in the sight of these this extraordinary light might of these this extraordinary light might of these this extraordinary light might appear and footnote appear and footnote appear and footnote this light seems to be a good sign to this light seems to be a good sign to this light seems to be a good sign to the unskillful but was so interpreted by the unskillful but was so interpreted by the unskillful but was so interpreted by the sacred scribes as to portend to the sacred scribes as to portend to the sacred scribes as to portend to those events that followed immediately those events that followed immediately those events that followed immediately upon it at the same Festival also a upon it at the same Festival also a upon it at the same Festival also a heifer as she was led by the high priest heifer as she was led by the high priest heifer as she was led by the high priest to be sacrificed brought forth a lamb in to be sacrificed brought forth a lamb in to be sacrificed brought forth a lamb in the midst of the Temple moreover the the midst of the Temple moreover the the midst of the Temple moreover the Eastern Gate of the inner Court of the Eastern Gate of the inner Court of the Eastern Gate of the inner Court of the temple footnote this here seems to be temple footnote this here seems to be temple footnote this here seems to be the court of the priests and footnote the court of the priests and footnote the court of the priests and footnote which was of brass and vastly heavy and which was of brass and vastly heavy and which was of brass and vastly heavy and had been with difficulty Shut by 20 men had been with difficulty Shut by 20 men had been with difficulty Shut by 20 men and rested Upon A basis armed with iron and rested Upon A basis armed with iron and rested Upon A basis armed with iron and had bolts fastened very deep into and had bolts fastened very deep into and had bolts fastened very deep into the firm floor which was there made of the firm floor which was there made of the firm floor which was there made of one entire Stone was seen to be opened one entire Stone was seen to be opened one entire Stone was seen to be opened of its own accord about the sixth hour of its own accord about the sixth hour of its own accord about the sixth hour of the night of the night of the night now those that kept watching the temple now those that kept watching the temple now those that kept watching the temple came here upon running to the captain of came here upon running to the captain of came here upon running to the captain of the temple and told him of it who then the temple and told him of it who then the temple and told him of it who then came up thither and that without great came up thither and that without great came up thither and that without great difficulty was able to shut the gate difficulty was able to shut the gate difficulty was able to shut the gate again again again this also appeared to the vulgar to be a this also appeared to the vulgar to be a this also appeared to the vulgar to be a very happy Prodigy as if God did thereby very happy Prodigy as if God did thereby very happy Prodigy as if God did thereby open them the Gate of happiness open them the Gate of happiness open them the Gate of happiness but the men of learning understood it but the men of learning understood it but the men of learning understood it that the security of their holy house that the security of their holy house that the security of their holy house was dissolved of its own accord and that was dissolved of its own accord and that was dissolved of its own accord and that the gate was opened for the advantage of the gate was opened for the advantage of the gate was opened for the advantage of their enemies so these publicly declared their enemies so these publicly declared their enemies so these publicly declared that the signal foreshadowed the

that the signal foreshadowed the that the signal foreshadowed the Desolation that was coming upon them Desolation that was coming upon them Desolation that was coming upon them besides these a few days after the feast besides these a few days after the feast besides these a few days after the feast on the 1 and 20th day of the month on the 1 and 20th day of the month on the 1 and 20th day of the month artemisius jire a certain prodigious and artemisius jire a certain prodigious and artemisius jire a certain prodigious and incredible phenomenon appeared I suppose incredible phenomenon appeared I suppose incredible phenomenon appeared I suppose the account of it would seem to be a the account of it would seem to be a the account of it would seem to be a fable were it not related by those that fable were it not related by those that fable were it not related by those that saw it and were not the events that saw it and were not the events that saw it and were not the events that followed it of so considerable in nature followed it of so considerable in nature followed it of so considerable in nature as to deserve such signals four before as to deserve such signals four before as to deserve such signals four before sunsetting chariots and troops of sunsetting chariots and troops of sunsetting chariots and troops of soldiers in their armor were seen soldiers in their armor were seen soldiers in their armor were seen running about among the clouds and running about among the clouds and running about among the clouds and surrounding of cities surrounding of cities surrounding of cities moreover at that Feast which we call moreover at that Feast which we call moreover at that Feast which we call Pentecost as the priests were going by Pentecost as the priests were going by Pentecost as the priests were going by night into the inner Court of the temple night into the inner Court of the temple night into the inner Court of the temple as their custom was to perform their as their custom was to perform their as their custom was to perform their sacred ministrations they said that in sacred ministrations they said that in sacred ministrations they said that in the first place they felt a quaking and the first place they felt a quaking and the first place they felt a quaking and heard a great noise and after that they heard a great noise and after that they heard a great noise and after that they heard a sound as if a great multitude heard a sound as if a great multitude heard a sound as if a great multitude saying quote let us remove hence and saying quote let us remove hence and saying quote let us remove hence and quote quote quote but what is still more terrible there but what is still more terrible there but what is still more terrible there was one Jesus the son of ananus a was one Jesus the son of ananus a was one Jesus the son of ananus a plebeian and a husband men who four plebeian and a husband men who four plebeian and a husband men who four years before the War Began and at a time years before the War Began and at a time years before the War Began and at a time when the city was in very great peace when the city was in very great peace when the city was in very great peace and prosperity came to that Feast and prosperity came to that Feast and prosperity came to that Feast whereon it is our custom for everyone to whereon it is our custom for everyone to whereon it is our custom for everyone to make Tabernacles to God in the temple make Tabernacles to God in the temple make Tabernacles to God in the temple footnote both reeland and haverkamp in footnote both reeland and haverkamp in footnote both reeland and haverkamp in this place alter the natural punctuation this place alter the natural punctuation this place alter the natural punctuation and sense of Josephus and this contrary and sense of Josephus and this contrary and sense of Josephus and this contrary to the opinion of valicilis and Dr to the opinion of valicilis and Dr to the opinion of valicilis and Dr Hudson lest Josephus should say that the

Hudson lest Josephus should say that the Hudson lest Josephus should say that the Jews built booths or tents within the Jews built booths or tents within the Jews built booths or tents within the temple at the Feast of Tabernacles which temple at the Feast of Tabernacles which temple at the Feast of Tabernacles which the latter Ravens will not allow to have the latter Ravens will not allow to have the latter Ravens will not allow to have been the ancient practice but then since been the ancient practice but then since been the ancient practice but then since it is expressly told us in Nehemiah it is expressly told us in Nehemiah it is expressly told us in Nehemiah chapter 8 verse 16 that instill Elder chapter 8 verse 16 that instill Elder chapter 8 verse 16 that instill Elder times quote the Jews made booths in the times quote the Jews made booths in the times quote the Jews made booths in the courts of the house of God end quote at courts of the house of God end quote at courts of the house of God end quote at that Festival Josephus May well be that Festival Josephus May well be that Festival Josephus May well be permitted to say the same and indeed the permitted to say the same and indeed the permitted to say the same and indeed the modern Ravens are a very small Authority modern Ravens are a very small Authority modern Ravens are a very small Authority on all such matters of remote Antiquity on all such matters of remote Antiquity on all such matters of remote Antiquity and footnote and footnote and footnote began on a sudden to cry aloud quote a began on a sudden to cry aloud quote a began on a sudden to cry aloud quote a voice from the East a voice from the voice from the East a voice from the voice from the East a voice from the West a voice from the Four Winds a voice West a voice from the Four Winds a voice West a voice from the Four Winds a voice against Jerusalem in the Holy House a against Jerusalem in the Holy House a against Jerusalem in the Holy House a voice against the bridegrooms and the voice against the bridegrooms and the voice against the bridegrooms and the brides and a voice against this whole brides and a voice against this whole brides and a voice against this whole people end quote this was his cry as he people end quote this was his cry as he people end quote this was his cry as he went about by day and by night in all went about by day and by night in all went about by day and by night in all the lanes of the city however certain of the lanes of the city however certain of the lanes of the city however certain of the most eminent among the populace had the most eminent among the populace had the most eminent among the populace had great indignation at this dire Cry of great indignation at this dire Cry of great indignation at this dire Cry of his and took up the man and gave him a his and took up the man and gave him a his and took up the man and gave him a great number of severe Stripes yet did great number of severe Stripes yet did great number of severe Stripes yet did not he either say anything for himself not he either say anything for himself not he either say anything for himself or anything peculiar to those that or anything peculiar to those that or anything peculiar to those that chastised him but still went on with the chastised him but still went on with the chastised him but still went on with the same words which he cried before same words which he cried before same words which he cried before here upon our rulers supposing as the here upon our rulers supposing as the here upon our rulers supposing as the case proved to be that this was a sort case proved to be that this was a sort case proved to be that this was a sort of divine Fury in the man brought him to of divine Fury in the man brought him to of divine Fury in the man brought him to the Roman propurator where he was the Roman propurator where he was the Roman propurator where he was whipped till his bones were laid bare whipped till his bones were laid bare whipped till his bones were laid bare yet he did not make any supplication for yet he did not make any supplication for yet he did not make any supplication for himself nor shed any tears but turning

himself nor shed any tears but turning himself nor shed any tears but turning his voice to the most lamentable tone his voice to the most lamentable tone his voice to the most lamentable tone possible at every stroke of the whip his possible at every stroke of the whip his possible at every stroke of the whip his answer was whoa woe to Jerusalem answer was whoa woe to Jerusalem answer was whoa woe to Jerusalem and when albinus for he was then our and when albinus for he was then our and when albinus for he was then our procurator asked him who he was and procurator asked him who he was and procurator asked him who he was and whence he came and why he uttered such whence he came and why he uttered such whence he came and why he uttered such words he made no manner of reply to what words he made no manner of reply to what words he made no manner of reply to what he said but still did not leave off his he said but still did not leave off his he said but still did not leave off his Melancholy Diddy till albinist took him Melancholy Diddy till albinist took him Melancholy Diddy till albinist took him to be a madman and dismissed him to be a madman and dismissed him to be a madman and dismissed him now during all the time that passed now during all the time that passed now during all the time that passed Before the War Began this man did not go Before the War Began this man did not go Before the War Began this man did not go near any of the citizens nor was seen by near any of the citizens nor was seen by near any of the citizens nor was seen by them while he said so but he every day them while he said so but he every day them while he said so but he every day uttered these lamentable words as if it uttered these lamentable words as if it uttered these lamentable words as if it were his premeditated vow whoa woe to were his premeditated vow whoa woe to were his premeditated vow whoa woe to Jerusalem Jerusalem Jerusalem nor did he give ill words to any of nor did he give ill words to any of nor did he give ill words to any of those that beat him every day nor good those that beat him every day nor good those that beat him every day nor good words to those that gave him food but words to those that gave him food but words to those that gave him food but this was his reply to all men and indeed this was his reply to all men and indeed this was his reply to all men and indeed no other than a Melancholy pressage of no other than a Melancholy pressage of no other than a Melancholy pressage of what was to come what was to come what was to come this Cry of his was the loudest at the this Cry of his was the loudest at the this Cry of his was the loudest at the festivals and he continued this city for festivals and he continued this city for festivals and he continued this city for seven years and five months without seven years and five months without seven years and five months without growing horse or being tired therewith growing horse or being tired therewith growing horse or being tired therewith till the very time that he saw his till the very time that he saw his till the very time that he saw his presage in Earnest fulfilled in our presage in Earnest fulfilled in our presage in Earnest fulfilled in our Siege when it ceased for as he was going Siege when it ceased for as he was going Siege when it ceased for as he was going round upon the wall he cried out with round upon the wall he cried out with round upon the wall he cried out with his utmost Force woe woe to the city his utmost Force woe woe to the city his utmost Force woe woe to the city again and to the people into the Holy again and to the people into the Holy again and to the people into the Holy House House House and just as he added at the last whoa and just as he added at the last whoa and just as he added at the last whoa woe to myself also there came a stone woe to myself also there came a stone woe to myself also there came a stone out of one of the engines and smote him

out of one of the engines and smote him out of one of the engines and smote him and killed him immediately and as he was and killed him immediately and as he was and killed him immediately and as he was uttering the very same presages he gave uttering the very same presages he gave uttering the very same presages he gave up the ghost up the ghost up the ghost four now if anyone considered these four now if anyone considered these four now if anyone considered these things he will find that God takes care things he will find that God takes care things he will find that God takes care of mankind and by always possible of mankind and by always possible of mankind and by always possible foreshadows to our race what is for foreshadows to our race what is for foreshadows to our race what is for their preservation but that men perish their preservation but that men perish their preservation but that men perish by these miseries which they madly and by these miseries which they madly and by these miseries which they madly and voluntarily bring upon themselves for voluntarily bring upon themselves for voluntarily bring upon themselves for the Jews by demolishing the Tower of the Jews by demolishing the Tower of the Jews by demolishing the Tower of Antonia had made their Temple for a Antonia had made their Temple for a Antonia had made their Temple for a square while at the same time they had square while at the same time they had square while at the same time they had it written in their sacred oracles quote it written in their sacred oracles quote it written in their sacred oracles quote that then should their City be taken as that then should their City be taken as that then should their City be taken as well as their Holy House when Once their well as their Holy House when Once their well as their Holy House when Once their Temple should become Four Square end Temple should become Four Square end Temple should become Four Square end quote quote quote but now what did the most Elevate them but now what did the most Elevate them but now what did the most Elevate them in undertaking this war was an ambiguous in undertaking this war was an ambiguous in undertaking this war was an ambiguous Oracle that was also found in their Oracle that was also found in their Oracle that was also found in their sacred writings how quote about that sacred writings how quote about that sacred writings how quote about that time one from their country should time one from their country should time one from their country should become governor of the habitable Earth become governor of the habitable Earth become governor of the habitable Earth end quote end quote end quote the Jews took this prediction to belong the Jews took this prediction to belong the Jews took this prediction to belong to themselves in particular and many of to themselves in particular and many of to themselves in particular and many of the wise men were thereby deceived in the wise men were thereby deceived in the wise men were thereby deceived in their determination their determination their determination now this Oracle certainly denoted the now this Oracle certainly denoted the now this Oracle certainly denoted the government of Vespasian Who was government of Vespasian Who was government of Vespasian Who was appointed emperor in Judea however it is appointed emperor in Judea however it is appointed emperor in Judea however it is not possible for men to avoid fate not possible for men to avoid fate not possible for men to avoid fate although they see it beforehand but although they see it beforehand but although they see it beforehand but these men interpreted some of these these men interpreted some of these these men interpreted some of these signals according to their own pleasure signals according to their own pleasure signals according to their own pleasure and some of them they utterly despised and some of them they utterly despised and some of them they utterly despised until their Madness was demonstrated until their Madness was demonstrated until their Madness was demonstrated both by The Taking of their city and

both by The Taking of their city and both by The Taking of their city and their own destruction their own destruction their own destruction end of book 6 chapter 5. book 6 chapters 6 and 7 of the wars of book 6 chapters 6 and 7 of the wars of the Jews this is a LibriVox recording the Jews this is a LibriVox recording the Jews this is a LibriVox recording all LibriVox recordings are in the all LibriVox recordings are in the all LibriVox recordings are in the public domain for more information or to public domain for more information or to public domain for more information or to volunteer please visit librivox.org volunteer please visit librivox.org volunteer please visit librivox.org the wars of the Jews by Josephus the wars of the Jews by Josephus the wars of the Jews by Josephus translated by William Wiston chapters 6 translated by William Wiston chapters 6 translated by William Wiston chapters 6 and 7. and 7. and 7. chapter 6 how the Romans carried their chapter 6 how the Romans carried their chapter 6 how the Romans carried their encins to the temple and made joyful encins to the temple and made joyful encins to the temple and made joyful acclimations to Titus the speech that acclimations to Titus the speech that acclimations to Titus the speech that Titus made to the Jews when they made Titus made to the Jews when they made Titus made to the Jews when they made supplication for Mercy what reply they supplication for Mercy what reply they supplication for Mercy what reply they made there too and how that reply moved made there too and how that reply moved made there too and how that reply moved to titus's indignation against them to titus's indignation against them to titus's indignation against them one and now the Romans upon the Flight one and now the Romans upon the Flight one and now the Romans upon the Flight of the seditious into the City and upon of the seditious into the City and upon of the seditious into the City and upon the burning of the Holy House itself and the burning of the Holy House itself and the burning of the Holy House itself and of all the buildings round about it of all the buildings round about it of all the buildings round about it brought their encins to the temple and brought their encins to the temple and brought their encins to the temple and set them over against its eastern gate set them over against its eastern gate set them over against its eastern gate footnote take haverkamp's note here this footnote take haverkamp's note here this footnote take haverkamp's note here this says he is a remarkable place and says he is a remarkable place and says he is a remarkable place and tertulli and truly says in his tertulli and truly says in his tertulli and truly says in his apologetic that the entire religion of apologetic that the entire religion of apologetic that the entire religion of the Roman Camp almost consisted in the Roman Camp almost consisted in the Roman Camp almost consisted in worshiping the ensigns in swearing by worshiping the ensigns in swearing by worshiping the ensigns in swearing by the unsins and in preferring the encins the unsins and in preferring the encins the unsins and in preferring the encins before all the other gods see what before all the other gods see what before all the other gods see what haverkamp says upon that place of haverkamp says upon that place of haverkamp says upon that place of tertullian and footnote tertullian and footnote tertullian and footnote and there did they offer sacrifices to and there did they offer sacrifices to and there did they offer sacrifices to them and there did they make Titus them and there did they make Titus them and there did they make Titus imperator with the greatest acclimations

imperator with the greatest acclimations imperator with the greatest acclimations of joy footnote this declaring Titus of joy footnote this declaring Titus of joy footnote this declaring Titus imperator by the soldiers upon such imperator by the soldiers upon such imperator by the soldiers upon such signal success and the slaughter of such signal success and the slaughter of such signal success and the slaughter of such a vast number of enemies was according a vast number of enemies was according a vast number of enemies was according to the usual practice of the Romans in to the usual practice of the Romans in to the usual practice of the Romans in like cases as rreeland assures us on like cases as rreeland assures us on like cases as rreeland assures us on this place and footnote this place and footnote this place and footnote and now all the soldiers had such vast and now all the soldiers had such vast and now all the soldiers had such vast quantities of the spoils which they had quantities of the spoils which they had quantities of the spoils which they had gotten by plunder that in Syria a pound gotten by plunder that in Syria a pound gotten by plunder that in Syria a pound weight of gold was sold for half its weight of gold was sold for half its weight of gold was sold for half its former value former value former value but as for those priests that kept but as for those priests that kept but as for those priests that kept themselves still upon the wall of the themselves still upon the wall of the themselves still upon the wall of the Holy House footnote the Jews of later Holy House footnote the Jews of later Holy House footnote the Jews of later times agree with Josephus that there times agree with Josephus that there times agree with Josephus that there were hiding places or secret Chambers were hiding places or secret Chambers were hiding places or secret Chambers about the Holy house as rieland here about the Holy house as rieland here about the Holy house as rieland here informs us where he thinks he has found informs us where he thinks he has found informs us where he thinks he has found these very walls described by them and these very walls described by them and these very walls described by them and footnote footnote footnote there was a boy that out of The Thirst there was a boy that out of The Thirst there was a boy that out of The Thirst he was in desired some of the Roman he was in desired some of the Roman he was in desired some of the Roman guards to give him their right hands as guards to give him their right hands as guards to give him their right hands as a security for his life and confessed he a security for his life and confessed he a security for his life and confessed he was very thirsty these guards was very thirsty these guards was very thirsty these guards commiserated his age and the distress he commiserated his age and the distress he commiserated his age and the distress he was in and gave him their right hands was in and gave him their right hands was in and gave him their right hands accordingly so he came down himself and accordingly so he came down himself and accordingly so he came down himself and drank some water and filled the vessel drank some water and filled the vessel drank some water and filled the vessel he had with him when he came to them he had with him when he came to them he had with him when he came to them with water and then went off and fled with water and then went off and fled with water and then went off and fled away to his own friends nor could any of away to his own friends nor could any of away to his own friends nor could any of these guards overtake him but still they these guards overtake him but still they these guards overtake him but still they reproached him for his perfidiousness to reproached him for his perfidiousness to reproached him for his perfidiousness to which he made this answer I have not which he made this answer I have not which he made this answer I have not broken the agreement for the security I broken the agreement for the security I broken the agreement for the security I had given me was not in order to my had given me was not in order to my had given me was not in order to my staying with you but only in order to my staying with you but only in order to my staying with you but only in order to my coming down safely and taking up some coming down safely and taking up some coming down safely and taking up some water both which things I have performed

water both which things I have performed water both which things I have performed and thereupon think myself to have been and thereupon think myself to have been and thereupon think myself to have been faithful to my engagement thereupon faithful to my engagement thereupon faithful to my engagement thereupon Those whom the child had imposed upon Those whom the child had imposed upon Those whom the child had imposed upon admired at his cunning and that on admired at his cunning and that on admired at his cunning and that on account of his age account of his age account of his age on the fifth day afterwards the priests on the fifth day afterwards the priests on the fifth day afterwards the priests that were pined with the famine came that were pined with the famine came that were pined with the famine came down and when they were brought to Titus down and when they were brought to Titus down and when they were brought to Titus by the guards They begged for their by the guards They begged for their by the guards They begged for their lives but he replied that the time of lives but he replied that the time of lives but he replied that the time of Pardon was over as to them and that this Pardon was over as to them and that this Pardon was over as to them and that this very Holy House on whose account only very Holy House on whose account only very Holy House on whose account only they could justly hope to be preserved they could justly hope to be preserved they could justly hope to be preserved was destroyed and that it was agreeable was destroyed and that it was agreeable was destroyed and that it was agreeable to their office that priests should to their office that priests should to their office that priests should perish with the house itself to which perish with the house itself to which perish with the house itself to which they belonged so he ordered them to be they belonged so he ordered them to be they belonged so he ordered them to be put to death put to death put to death two but as for the tyrants themselves two but as for the tyrants themselves two but as for the tyrants themselves and those that were there with them when and those that were there with them when and those that were there with them when they found that they were encompassed on they found that they were encompassed on they found that they were encompassed on every side and as it were walled around every side and as it were walled around every side and as it were walled around without any method of escaping they without any method of escaping they without any method of escaping they desired to treat with Titus By Word of desired to treat with Titus By Word of desired to treat with Titus By Word of Mouth accordingly such was the kindness Mouth accordingly such was the kindness Mouth accordingly such was the kindness of his nature and his desire for of his nature and his desire for of his nature and his desire for preserving the city from destruction preserving the city from destruction preserving the city from destruction joined to the advice of his friends who joined to the advice of his friends who joined to the advice of his friends who now thought the robbers were come to a now thought the robbers were come to a now thought the robbers were come to a temper that he placed himself on the temper that he placed himself on the temper that he placed himself on the western side of the outer Court of the western side of the outer Court of the western side of the outer Court of the temple for there were Gates on that side temple for there were Gates on that side temple for there were Gates on that side above the zistas and a bridge that above the zistas and a bridge that above the zistas and a bridge that connected the upper City to the temple connected the upper City to the temple connected the upper City to the temple this bridge it was that lay between the this bridge it was that lay between the this bridge it was that lay between the tyrants and Caesar and parted them while tyrants and Caesar and parted them while tyrants and Caesar and parted them while the multitude stood on each side those the multitude stood on each side those the multitude stood on each side those of the Jewish Nation about sinrin and of the Jewish Nation about sinrin and of the Jewish Nation about sinrin and John with great hopes of Pardon and the John with great hopes of Pardon and the John with great hopes of Pardon and the Romans about Caesar in great expectation Romans about Caesar in great expectation Romans about Caesar in great expectation how Titus would receive their how Titus would receive their how Titus would receive their supplication supplication supplication so Titus charged his soldiers to

so Titus charged his soldiers to so Titus charged his soldiers to restrain their rage and to let their restrain their rage and to let their restrain their rage and to let their darts alone and appointed an interpreter darts alone and appointed an interpreter darts alone and appointed an interpreter between them which was a sign that he between them which was a sign that he between them which was a sign that he was the Conqueror and first began the was the Conqueror and first began the was the Conqueror and first began the discourse and said quote I hope you sirs discourse and said quote I hope you sirs discourse and said quote I hope you sirs are now satiated with the miseries of are now satiated with the miseries of are now satiated with the miseries of your country who have not had any just your country who have not had any just your country who have not had any just Notions either of our great power or of Notions either of our great power or of Notions either of our great power or of your own great weakness but have like your own great weakness but have like your own great weakness but have like Mad Men after a violent and Mad Men after a violent and Mad Men after a violent and inconsiderate manner made such attempts inconsiderate manner made such attempts inconsiderate manner made such attempts as have brought your people your city as have brought your people your city as have brought your people your city and your holy house to destruction and your holy house to destruction and your holy house to destruction you have been the men that have never you have been the men that have never you have been the men that have never left off rebelling since Pompeii first left off rebelling since Pompeii first left off rebelling since Pompeii first conquered you and have since that time conquered you and have since that time conquered you and have since that time made open war with the Romans have you made open war with the Romans have you made open war with the Romans have you depended on your multitude while a very depended on your multitude while a very depended on your multitude while a very small part of the Roman soldiery have small part of the Roman soldiery have small part of the Roman soldiery have been strong enough for you been strong enough for you been strong enough for you have you relied on the Fidelity of your have you relied on the Fidelity of your have you relied on the Fidelity of your Confederates and what nations are there Confederates and what nations are there Confederates and what nations are there out of the limits of our Dominion that out of the limits of our Dominion that out of the limits of our Dominion that would choose to assist the Jews before would choose to assist the Jews before would choose to assist the Jews before the Romans are your bodies stronger than the Romans are your bodies stronger than the Romans are your bodies stronger than ours nay you know that the strong ours nay you know that the strong ours nay you know that the strong Germans themselves are our servants have Germans themselves are our servants have Germans themselves are our servants have you stronger wives than we have pray you stronger wives than we have pray you stronger wives than we have pray what greater obstacle is there than the what greater obstacle is there than the what greater obstacle is there than the wall of the ocean with which the britons wall of the ocean with which the britons wall of the ocean with which the britons are encompassed and yet do adore the are encompassed and yet do adore the are encompassed and yet do adore the arms of the Romans arms of the Romans arms of the Romans do you exceed Us in Courage of soul and do you exceed Us in Courage of soul and do you exceed Us in Courage of soul and in the sagacity of your Commanders May in the sagacity of your Commanders May in the sagacity of your Commanders May indeed you cannot but know that the very indeed you cannot but know that the very indeed you cannot but know that the very carthaginians have been conquered by us carthaginians have been conquered by us carthaginians have been conquered by us it can therefore be nothing certainly it can therefore be nothing certainly it can therefore be nothing certainly but the kindness of us Romans which hath but the kindness of us Romans which hath but the kindness of us Romans which hath excited you against us who in the first excited you against us who in the first excited you against us who in the first place have given you this land to place have given you this land to place have given you this land to possess and in the second place have

possess and in the second place have possess and in the second place have said over you Kings of your own nation said over you Kings of your own nation said over you Kings of your own nation and in the third place have preserved and in the third place have preserved and in the third place have preserved the laws of your forefathers to you and the laws of your forefathers to you and the laws of your forefathers to you and have with all permitted you to live have with all permitted you to live have with all permitted you to live either by yourselves or among others as either by yourselves or among others as either by yourselves or among others as it should please you and what is our it should please you and what is our it should please you and what is our chief favor of all we have given you chief favor of all we have given you chief favor of all we have given you leave together up that tribute which is leave together up that tribute which is leave together up that tribute which is paid to God with such other gifts that paid to God with such other gifts that paid to God with such other gifts that are dedicated to him are dedicated to him are dedicated to him footnote spanheim notes here that the footnote spanheim notes here that the footnote spanheim notes here that the Romans used to permit the Jews to Romans used to permit the Jews to Romans used to permit the Jews to collect their sacred tribute and send it collect their sacred tribute and send it collect their sacred tribute and send it to Jerusalem of which we have had to Jerusalem of which we have had to Jerusalem of which we have had abundant evidence in Josephus already on abundant evidence in Josephus already on abundant evidence in Josephus already on other occasions and footnote other occasions and footnote other occasions and footnote nor have we called those that carried nor have we called those that carried nor have we called those that carried these donations to account nor these donations to account nor these donations to account nor prohibited them till at length you prohibited them till at length you prohibited them till at length you became richer than we ourselves even became richer than we ourselves even became richer than we ourselves even when you were our enemies and you made when you were our enemies and you made when you were our enemies and you made preparations for war against us with our preparations for war against us with our preparations for war against us with our own money nay after all when you are in own money nay after all when you are in own money nay after all when you are in the enjoyment of all these advantages the enjoyment of all these advantages the enjoyment of all these advantages you turned your two great plenty against you turned your two great plenty against you turned your two great plenty against those that gave it you and like those that gave it you and like those that gave it you and like merciless serpents have thrown out your merciless serpents have thrown out your merciless serpents have thrown out your poison against those that treated you poison against those that treated you poison against those that treated you kindly kindly kindly I suppose therefore that you must I suppose therefore that you must I suppose therefore that you must despise the slothfulness of Nero and despise the slothfulness of Nero and despise the slothfulness of Nero and like limbs of the body that are broken like limbs of the body that are broken like limbs of the body that are broken or dislocated you did then lie quiet or dislocated you did then lie quiet or dislocated you did then lie quiet waiting for some other time though still waiting for some other time though still waiting for some other time though still with a malicious intention and have now with a malicious intention and have now with a malicious intention and have now showed your distemper to be greater than showed your distemper to be greater than showed your distemper to be greater than ever and have extended your desires as ever and have extended your desires as ever and have extended your desires as far as your impudent and immense hopes far as your impudent and immense hopes far as your impudent and immense hopes would enable you to do it at this time would enable you to do it at this time would enable you to do it at this time my father came into this country not my father came into this country not my father came into this country not with a design to punish you for what you with a design to punish you for what you with a design to punish you for what you had done under cestius but to admonish had done under cestius but to admonish had done under cestius but to admonish you for had he come to overthrow your

you for had he come to overthrow your you for had he come to overthrow your nation he had run directly to your nation he had run directly to your nation he had run directly to your Fountain Head and had immediately laid Fountain Head and had immediately laid Fountain Head and had immediately laid this city waste this city waste this city waste whereas he went and burned Galilee and whereas he went and burned Galilee and whereas he went and burned Galilee and the neighboring parts and thereby gave the neighboring parts and thereby gave the neighboring parts and thereby gave you time for repentance you time for repentance you time for repentance which instance of humanity you took for which instance of humanity you took for which instance of humanity you took for an argument of his weakness and an argument of his weakness and an argument of his weakness and nourished up your impudence by our nourished up your impudence by our nourished up your impudence by our mildness mildness mildness when Nero was gone out of the world you when Nero was gone out of the world you when Nero was gone out of the world you did as the wickedest wretches would have did as the wickedest wretches would have did as the wickedest wretches would have done and encouraged yourselves to act done and encouraged yourselves to act done and encouraged yourselves to act against us by our civil dissensions and against us by our civil dissensions and against us by our civil dissensions and abused that time when both I and my abused that time when both I and my abused that time when both I and my father were gone away to Egypt to make father were gone away to Egypt to make father were gone away to Egypt to make preparations for this war preparations for this war preparations for this war nor were you ashamed to raise nor were you ashamed to raise nor were you ashamed to raise disturbances against us when we were disturbances against us when we were disturbances against us when we were made Emperors and this while you had made Emperors and this while you had made Emperors and this while you had experienced how mild we had been when we experienced how mild we had been when we experienced how mild we had been when we were no more than generals of the army were no more than generals of the army were no more than generals of the army but when the government was devolved but when the government was devolved but when the government was devolved upon us and all other people did there upon us and all other people did there upon us and all other people did there upon lie quiet and even foreign Nations upon lie quiet and even foreign Nations upon lie quiet and even foreign Nations sent embassies and congratulated our sent embassies and congratulated our sent embassies and congratulated our access to the government then did you access to the government then did you access to the government then did you Jews show yourselves to be our enemies Jews show yourselves to be our enemies Jews show yourselves to be our enemies you sent embassies to those of your you sent embassies to those of your you sent embassies to those of your nation that are Beyond Euphrates to nation that are Beyond Euphrates to nation that are Beyond Euphrates to assist you in your raising disturbances assist you in your raising disturbances assist you in your raising disturbances new walls were built by you around your new walls were built by you around your new walls were built by you around your city seditions arose and one Tyrant city seditions arose and one Tyrant city seditions arose and one Tyrant contended against another and a civil contended against another and a civil contended against another and a civil war broke out among you such indeed has war broke out among you such indeed has war broke out among you such indeed has become none but so wicked a people as become none but so wicked a people as become none but so wicked a people as you are you are you are I then came to this city as unwillingly I then came to this city as unwillingly I then came to this city as unwillingly sent by my father and received sent by my father and received sent by my father and received Melancholy injunctions from him when I Melancholy injunctions from him when I Melancholy injunctions from him when I heard that the people were disposed to heard that the people were disposed to heard that the people were disposed to peace I rejoiced at it I exhorted you to

peace I rejoiced at it I exhorted you to peace I rejoiced at it I exhorted you to leave off these proceedings before I leave off these proceedings before I leave off these proceedings before I began this War I spared you even when began this War I spared you even when began this War I spared you even when you had fought against me a great while you had fought against me a great while you had fought against me a great while I gave my right hand a security to the I gave my right hand a security to the I gave my right hand a security to the deserters I observed what I had promised deserters I observed what I had promised deserters I observed what I had promised Faithfully when they fled to me I had Faithfully when they fled to me I had Faithfully when they fled to me I had compassion on many of those that I had compassion on many of those that I had compassion on many of those that I had taken captive I tortured those that were taken captive I tortured those that were taken captive I tortured those that were eager for war in order to restrain them eager for war in order to restrain them eager for war in order to restrain them it was unwillingly that I brought my it was unwillingly that I brought my it was unwillingly that I brought my engines of war against your walls I engines of war against your walls I engines of war against your walls I always prohibited my soldiers when they always prohibited my soldiers when they always prohibited my soldiers when they were set upon your Slaughter from their were set upon your Slaughter from their were set upon your Slaughter from their severity against you severity against you severity against you after every Victory I persuaded you to after every Victory I persuaded you to after every Victory I persuaded you to peace as though I had been myself peace as though I had been myself peace as though I had been myself conquered when I came near your temple I conquered when I came near your temple I conquered when I came near your temple I again departed from the laws of war and again departed from the laws of war and again departed from the laws of war and exhorted you to spare your own sanctuary exhorted you to spare your own sanctuary exhorted you to spare your own sanctuary and to preserve your holy house to and to preserve your holy house to and to preserve your holy house to yourselves I allowed you a quiet exit yourselves I allowed you a quiet exit yourselves I allowed you a quiet exit out of it and security for your out of it and security for your out of it and security for your preservation nay if you had a mind I preservation nay if you had a mind I preservation nay if you had a mind I gave you leave to fight in another place gave you leave to fight in another place gave you leave to fight in another place yet have you still despised every one of yet have you still despised every one of yet have you still despised every one of my proposals and have set fire to your my proposals and have set fire to your my proposals and have set fire to your holy house with your own hands and now holy house with your own hands and now holy house with your own hands and now vile wretches do you desire to treat vile wretches do you desire to treat vile wretches do you desire to treat with me by Word of Mouth with me by Word of Mouth with me by Word of Mouth to what purpose is it that you would to what purpose is it that you would to what purpose is it that you would save such a holy house as this was which save such a holy house as this was which save such a holy house as this was which is now destroyed what preservation can is now destroyed what preservation can is now destroyed what preservation can you now desire after the destruction of you now desire after the destruction of you now desire after the destruction of your temple yet do you stand still at your temple yet do you stand still at your temple yet do you stand still at this very time in your armor nor can you this very time in your armor nor can you this very time in your armor nor can you bring yourself so much as to pretend to bring yourself so much as to pretend to bring yourself so much as to pretend to be supplicants even in this your utmost be supplicants even in this your utmost be supplicants even in this your utmost extremity all miserable creatures what extremity all miserable creatures what extremity all miserable creatures what is it you depend on are not your people

is it you depend on are not your people is it you depend on are not your people dead is not your Holy House gone it's dead is not your Holy House gone it's dead is not your Holy House gone it's not your city in my power and are not not your city in my power and are not not your city in my power and are not your own very lives in my hands and do your own very lives in my hands and do your own very lives in my hands and do you still deem it a part of valor to die you still deem it a part of valor to die you still deem it a part of valor to die however I will not intimate your Madness however I will not intimate your Madness however I will not intimate your Madness if you throw down your arms and deliver if you throw down your arms and deliver if you throw down your arms and deliver up your bodies to me I grant you your up your bodies to me I grant you your up your bodies to me I grant you your lives and I will act like a mild master lives and I will act like a mild master lives and I will act like a mild master of a family what cannot be healed shall of a family what cannot be healed shall of a family what cannot be healed shall be punished and the rest I will preserve be punished and the rest I will preserve be punished and the rest I will preserve for my own use end quote for my own use end quote for my own use end quote three to that offer of Titus they made three to that offer of Titus they made three to that offer of Titus they made this reply that they could not accept of this reply that they could not accept of this reply that they could not accept of it because they had sworn never to do so it because they had sworn never to do so it because they had sworn never to do so but they desired they might have leave but they desired they might have leave but they desired they might have leave to go through the wall that had been to go through the wall that had been to go through the wall that had been made about them with their wives and made about them with their wives and made about them with their wives and children for that they would go into the children for that they would go into the children for that they would go into the desert and leave the city to him desert and leave the city to him desert and leave the city to him at this Titus had great indignation at this Titus had great indignation at this Titus had great indignation that when they were in the case of men that when they were in the case of men that when they were in the case of men already taken captives they should already taken captives they should already taken captives they should pretend to make their own terms with him pretend to make their own terms with him pretend to make their own terms with him as if they had been conquerors so he as if they had been conquerors so he as if they had been conquerors so he ordered this proclamation to be made to ordered this proclamation to be made to ordered this proclamation to be made to them that they should no more come out them that they should no more come out them that they should no more come out to him as deserters nor hope for any to him as deserters nor hope for any to him as deserters nor hope for any further security for that he would further security for that he would further security for that he would henceforth spare nobody but fight them henceforth spare nobody but fight them henceforth spare nobody but fight them with his whole Army and that they must with his whole Army and that they must with his whole Army and that they must save themselves as well as they could save themselves as well as they could save themselves as well as they could for that he would from henceforth treat for that he would from henceforth treat for that he would from henceforth treat them according to the laws of war them according to the laws of war them according to the laws of war so he gave orders to the soldiers both so he gave orders to the soldiers both so he gave orders to the soldiers both to burn and to plunder the city who did to burn and to plunder the city who did to burn and to plunder the city who did nothing indeed that day but on the next nothing indeed that day but on the next nothing indeed that day but on the next day they set fire to the repository of day they set fire to the repository of day they set fire to the repository of the archives to Accra to the council the archives to Accra to the council the archives to Accra to the council house and to the place called ofless at

house and to the place called ofless at house and to the place called ofless at which time the fire proceeded as far as which time the fire proceeded as far as which time the fire proceeded as far as the Palace of Queen Helena which was in the Palace of Queen Helena which was in the Palace of Queen Helena which was in the middle of Akra the lanes also were the middle of Akra the lanes also were the middle of Akra the lanes also were burnt down as were also those houses burnt down as were also those houses burnt down as were also those houses that were full of the dead bodies of that were full of the dead bodies of that were full of the dead bodies of such as were destroyed by famine such as were destroyed by famine such as were destroyed by famine four on the same day it was that the four on the same day it was that the four on the same day it was that the sons and Brethren of izate's the king sons and Brethren of izate's the king sons and Brethren of izate's the king together with many others of the eminent together with many others of the eminent together with many others of the eminent men of the populace got together there men of the populace got together there men of the populace got together there and besat Caesar to give them his right and besat Caesar to give them his right and besat Caesar to give them his right hand for their security though he was hand for their security though he was hand for their security though he was very angry at all that were now very angry at all that were now very angry at all that were now remaining yet he did not lay aside his remaining yet he did not lay aside his remaining yet he did not lay aside his old moderation but received these men at old moderation but received these men at old moderation but received these men at that time indeed he kept them all in that time indeed he kept them all in that time indeed he kept them all in custody but still bound to the king's custody but still bound to the king's custody but still bound to the king's sons and Kinsmen and led them with him sons and Kinsmen and led them with him sons and Kinsmen and led them with him to Rome in order to make them hostages to Rome in order to make them hostages to Rome in order to make them hostages for their country's Fidelity to the for their country's Fidelity to the for their country's Fidelity to the Romans Romans Romans chapter 7 what afterward befell the chapter 7 what afterward befell the chapter 7 what afterward befell the seditious when they had done a great seditious when they had done a great seditious when they had done a great deal of mischief and suffered many deal of mischief and suffered many deal of mischief and suffered many misfortunes as also how Caesar became misfortunes as also how Caesar became misfortunes as also how Caesar became Master of the upper City Master of the upper City Master of the upper City one and now the seditious rushed into one and now the seditious rushed into one and now the seditious rushed into the Royal Palace into which they had put the Royal Palace into which they had put the Royal Palace into which they had put their effects because it was so strong their effects because it was so strong their effects because it was so strong and drove the Romans away from it they and drove the Romans away from it they and drove the Romans away from it they also slew all the people that had also slew all the people that had also slew all the people that had crowded into it who were in number about crowded into it who were in number about crowded into it who were in number about 8 400 and plundered them of what they 8 400 and plundered them of what they 8 400 and plundered them of what they had they also took two of the Romans had they also took two of the Romans had they also took two of the Romans alive the one was a Horseman and the alive the one was a Horseman and the alive the one was a Horseman and the other a footman they then cut the throat other a footman they then cut the throat other a footman they then cut the throat of the footmen and immediately had him of the footmen and immediately had him of the footmen and immediately had him drawn through the whole city as drawn through the whole city as drawn through the whole city as revenging themselves upon the whole body revenging themselves upon the whole body revenging themselves upon the whole body of the Romans by this one instance

of the Romans by this one instance of the Romans by this one instance but the horsemen said he had somewhat to but the horsemen said he had somewhat to but the horsemen said he had somewhat to suggest to them in order to their suggest to them in order to their suggest to them in order to their preservation whereupon he was brought preservation whereupon he was brought preservation whereupon he was brought before Simon but he having nothing to before Simon but he having nothing to before Simon but he having nothing to say when he was there he was delivered say when he was there he was delivered say when he was there he was delivered to ardales one of his commanders to be to ardales one of his commanders to be to ardales one of his commanders to be punished who bound his hands behind him punished who bound his hands behind him punished who bound his hands behind him and put a ribbon over his eyes and then and put a ribbon over his eyes and then and put a ribbon over his eyes and then brought him out over against the Romans brought him out over against the Romans brought him out over against the Romans as intending to cut off his head but the as intending to cut off his head but the as intending to cut off his head but the man prevented that execution and ran man prevented that execution and ran man prevented that execution and ran away to the Romans and this while the away to the Romans and this while the away to the Romans and this while the Jewish executioner was drawing out his Jewish executioner was drawing out his Jewish executioner was drawing out his sword now when he was gotten away from sword now when he was gotten away from sword now when he was gotten away from the enemy Titus could not think of the enemy Titus could not think of the enemy Titus could not think of putting him to death but because he putting him to death but because he putting him to death but because he deemed him Unworthy of being a Roman deemed him Unworthy of being a Roman deemed him Unworthy of being a Roman soldier any longer on account that he soldier any longer on account that he soldier any longer on account that he had been taken Alive by the enemy he had been taken Alive by the enemy he had been taken Alive by the enemy he took away his arms and ejected him out took away his arms and ejected him out took away his arms and ejected him out of the Legion whereto he had belonged of the Legion whereto he had belonged of the Legion whereto he had belonged which to one that had a sense of Shame which to one that had a sense of Shame which to one that had a sense of Shame was a penalty severe than death itself was a penalty severe than death itself was a penalty severe than death itself two on the next day the Romans drove the two on the next day the Romans drove the two on the next day the Romans drove the robbers out of the lower City and set robbers out of the lower City and set robbers out of the lower City and set all on fire as far as Salome these all on fire as far as Salome these all on fire as far as Salome these soldiers were indeed glad to see the soldiers were indeed glad to see the soldiers were indeed glad to see the city destroyed but they missed the city destroyed but they missed the city destroyed but they missed the plunder because the seditious had plunder because the seditious had plunder because the seditious had carried off all their effects and were carried off all their effects and were carried off all their effects and were retired into the upper City for they did retired into the upper City for they did retired into the upper City for they did not yet at all repent of the mischiefs not yet at all repent of the mischiefs not yet at all repent of the mischiefs they had done but were insolent as if they had done but were insolent as if they had done but were insolent as if they had done well for as they saw the they had done well for as they saw the they had done well for as they saw the city on fire they appeared cheerful and city on fire they appeared cheerful and city on fire they appeared cheerful and put on joyful countenances in put on joyful countenances in put on joyful countenances in expectation as they said of death to end expectation as they said of death to end expectation as they said of death to end their miseries accordingly as the people their miseries accordingly as the people their miseries accordingly as the people were now slain the holy house was burnt

were now slain the holy house was burnt were now slain the holy house was burnt down and the city was on fire there was down and the city was on fire there was down and the city was on fire there was nothing further left for the enemy to do nothing further left for the enemy to do nothing further left for the enemy to do yet did not Josephus grow weary even in yet did not Josephus grow weary even in yet did not Josephus grow weary even in this utmost extremity to beg to them to this utmost extremity to beg to them to this utmost extremity to beg to them to spare what was left of the city he spoke spare what was left of the city he spoke spare what was left of the city he spoke largely to them about their barbarity largely to them about their barbarity largely to them about their barbarity and impiety and gave them his advice in and impiety and gave them his advice in and impiety and gave them his advice in order to their escape though he gained order to their escape though he gained order to their escape though he gained nothing thereby more than to be laughed nothing thereby more than to be laughed nothing thereby more than to be laughed at by them and as they could not think at by them and as they could not think at by them and as they could not think of surrendering themselves up because of of surrendering themselves up because of of surrendering themselves up because of the oath they had taken nor were strong the oath they had taken nor were strong the oath they had taken nor were strong enough to fight with the Romans any enough to fight with the Romans any enough to fight with the Romans any longer upon the square as being longer upon the square as being longer upon the square as being surrounded on all sides and a kind of surrounded on all sides and a kind of surrounded on all sides and a kind of prisoners already yet they were so prisoners already yet they were so prisoners already yet they were so accustomed to kill people that they accustomed to kill people that they accustomed to kill people that they could not restrain their right hands could not restrain their right hands could not restrain their right hands from acting accordingly so they from acting accordingly so they from acting accordingly so they dispersed to themselves before the city dispersed to themselves before the city dispersed to themselves before the city and laid themselves in Ambush among its and laid themselves in Ambush among its and laid themselves in Ambush among its ruins to catch those that attempted to ruins to catch those that attempted to ruins to catch those that attempted to Desert to the Romans accordingly many Desert to the Romans accordingly many Desert to the Romans accordingly many such deserters were caught by them and such deserters were caught by them and such deserters were caught by them and were all slain for these were too weak were all slain for these were too weak were all slain for these were too weak by reason of their want of food to fly by reason of their want of food to fly by reason of their want of food to fly away from them so their dead bodies were away from them so their dead bodies were away from them so their dead bodies were thrown to the dogs now every other sort thrown to the dogs now every other sort thrown to the dogs now every other sort of death was thought more tolerable than of death was thought more tolerable than of death was thought more tolerable than the famine in so much that though the the famine in so much that though the the famine in so much that though the Jews despaired now of Mercy yet would Jews despaired now of Mercy yet would Jews despaired now of Mercy yet would they fly to the Romans and would they fly to the Romans and would they fly to the Romans and would themselves even of their own accord fall themselves even of their own accord fall themselves even of their own accord fall among the murderous Rebels also among the murderous Rebels also among the murderous Rebels also nor was there any place in the city that nor was there any place in the city that nor was there any place in the city that had no dead bodies in it but what was had no dead bodies in it but what was had no dead bodies in it but what was entirely covered with those that were entirely covered with those that were entirely covered with those that were killed either by the famine or the killed either by the famine or the killed either by the famine or the rebellion and all was full of the dead rebellion and all was full of the dead rebellion and all was full of the dead bodies of such as had perished either by bodies of such as had perished either by bodies of such as had perished either by that sedition or by that famine

that sedition or by that famine that sedition or by that famine three so now the Last Hope which three so now the Last Hope which three so now the Last Hope which supported the tyrants and that crew of supported the tyrants and that crew of supported the tyrants and that crew of robbers who were with them was in the robbers who were with them was in the robbers who were with them was in the caves and caverns underground wither if caves and caverns underground wither if caves and caverns underground wither if they could once fly they did not expect they could once fly they did not expect they could once fly they did not expect to be searched for but endeavored that to be searched for but endeavored that to be searched for but endeavored that after the whole city should be destroyed after the whole city should be destroyed after the whole city should be destroyed and the Romans gone away they might come and the Romans gone away they might come and the Romans gone away they might come out again and escape from them this was out again and escape from them this was out again and escape from them this was no better than a dream of theirs for no better than a dream of theirs for no better than a dream of theirs for they were not able to lie hid either they were not able to lie hid either they were not able to lie hid either from God or from the Romans however they from God or from the Romans however they from God or from the Romans however they depended on these underground depended on these underground depended on these underground subterfuges and set more places on fire subterfuges and set more places on fire subterfuges and set more places on fire than did the Romans themselves and those than did the Romans themselves and those than did the Romans themselves and those that fled out of their houses thus set that fled out of their houses thus set that fled out of their houses thus set on fire into the ditches they killed on fire into the ditches they killed on fire into the ditches they killed without mercy and pillaged them also and without mercy and pillaged them also and without mercy and pillaged them also and if they discovered food belonging to if they discovered food belonging to if they discovered food belonging to anyone They seized upon it and swallowed anyone They seized upon it and swallowed anyone They seized upon it and swallowed it down together with their blood also it down together with their blood also it down together with their blood also nay they were now come to fight one with nay they were now come to fight one with nay they were now come to fight one with another about their plunder and I cannot another about their plunder and I cannot another about their plunder and I cannot but think that had not their destruction but think that had not their destruction but think that had not their destruction prevented it their barbarity would have prevented it their barbarity would have prevented it their barbarity would have made them taste of even the dead bodies made them taste of even the dead bodies made them taste of even the dead bodies themselves themselves themselves end of book 6 chapters 6 and 7.

book 6 chapters 8 through 10 of the wars book 6 chapters 8 through 10 of the wars of the Jews this is a LibriVox recording of the Jews this is a LibriVox recording of the Jews this is a LibriVox recording all LibriVox recordings are in the all LibriVox recordings are in the all LibriVox recordings are in the public domain for more information or to public domain for more information or to public domain for more information or to volunteer please visit librivox.org volunteer please visit librivox.org volunteer please visit librivox.org the wars of the Jews by Josephus the wars of the Jews by Josephus the wars of the Jews by Josephus translated by William Winston chapters 8 translated by William Winston chapters 8 translated by William Winston chapters 8 through 10. chapter 8 how Caesar raised through 10. chapter 8 how Caesar raised through 10. chapter 8 how Caesar raised Banks round about the upper City Mount Banks round about the upper City Mount Banks round about the upper City Mount Zion and when they were completed gave Zion and when they were completed gave Zion and when they were completed gave orders that the machines should be orders that the machines should be orders that the machines should be brought he then possessed himself of the brought he then possessed himself of the brought he then possessed himself of the whole city whole city whole city one now when Caesar perceived that the one now when Caesar perceived that the one now when Caesar perceived that the upper city was so steeped that it could upper city was so steeped that it could upper city was so steeped that it could not possibly be taken without raising not possibly be taken without raising not possibly be taken without raising Banks against it he distributed the Banks against it he distributed the Banks against it he distributed the several parts of that work among his several parts of that work among his several parts of that work among his army and this on the 20th day of the army and this on the 20th day of the army and this on the 20th day of the month lose AB month lose AB month lose AB now the carriage of the materials was a now the carriage of the materials was a now the carriage of the materials was a difficult task since all the trees as I difficult task since all the trees as I difficult task since all the trees as I have already told you that were about have already told you that were about have already told you that were about the city within the distance of a the city within the distance of a the city within the distance of a hundred fur lungs had their branches cut hundred fur lungs had their branches cut hundred fur lungs had their branches cut off already in order to make the former off already in order to make the former off already in order to make the former Banks The Works that belonged to the Banks The Works that belonged to the Banks The Works that belonged to the four Legions were erected on the west four Legions were erected on the west four Legions were erected on the west side of the city over against the Royal side of the city over against the Royal side of the city over against the Royal Palace but the whole body of the Palace but the whole body of the Palace but the whole body of the auxiliary troops with the rest of the auxiliary troops with the rest of the auxiliary troops with the rest of the multitude that were with them erected multitude that were with them erected multitude that were with them erected their banks at the zistas once they their banks at the zistas once they their banks at the zistas once they reached to the bridge and that Tower of reached to the bridge and that Tower of reached to the bridge and that Tower of Simon which he had built as a citadel Simon which he had built as a citadel Simon which he had built as a citadel for himself against John when they were for himself against John when they were for himself against John when they were at War one with another at War one with another at War one with another two it was at this time that the two it was at this time that the two it was at this time that the commanders of the idumians got together commanders of the idumians got together commanders of the idumians got together privately and took counsel about privately and took counsel about privately and took counsel about surrendering up themselves to the Romans

surrendering up themselves to the Romans surrendering up themselves to the Romans accordingly they sent five men to Titus accordingly they sent five men to Titus accordingly they sent five men to Titus and entreated him to give them his right and entreated him to give them his right and entreated him to give them his right hand for their security hand for their security hand for their security so Titus thinking that the tyrants would so Titus thinking that the tyrants would so Titus thinking that the tyrants would yield if the idumians upon whom a great yield if the idumians upon whom a great yield if the idumians upon whom a great part of the war depended were once part of the war depended were once part of the war depended were once withdrawn from them after some withdrawn from them after some withdrawn from them after some reluctancy And Delay complied with them reluctancy And Delay complied with them reluctancy And Delay complied with them and gave them security for their lives and gave them security for their lives and gave them security for their lives and sent the five men back and sent the five men back and sent the five men back but as these I do means we're preparing but as these I do means we're preparing but as these I do means we're preparing to March out Simon perceived it and to March out Simon perceived it and to March out Simon perceived it and immediately slew the five men that had immediately slew the five men that had immediately slew the five men that had gone to Titus and took their commanders gone to Titus and took their commanders gone to Titus and took their commanders and put them in prison of whom the most and put them in prison of whom the most and put them in prison of whom the most eminent was Jacob the son of sosas but eminent was Jacob the son of sosas but eminent was Jacob the son of sosas but as for the multitude of the idumians who as for the multitude of the idumians who as for the multitude of the idumians who did not at all know what to do now their did not at all know what to do now their did not at all know what to do now their commanders were taken from them he had commanders were taken from them he had commanders were taken from them he had them watched and secured The Walls by a them watched and secured The Walls by a them watched and secured The Walls by a more numerous Garrison more numerous Garrison more numerous Garrison yet could not that Garrison resist those yet could not that Garrison resist those yet could not that Garrison resist those that were deserting for although a great that were deserting for although a great that were deserting for although a great number of them were slain yet were the number of them were slain yet were the number of them were slain yet were the deserters many more in number deserters many more in number deserters many more in number they were all received by the Romans they were all received by the Romans they were all received by the Romans because Titus himself grew negligent as because Titus himself grew negligent as because Titus himself grew negligent as to his former orders for killing them to his former orders for killing them to his former orders for killing them and because the very soldiers grew weary and because the very soldiers grew weary and because the very soldiers grew weary of killing them and because they hoped of killing them and because they hoped of killing them and because they hoped to get some money by sparing them for to get some money by sparing them for to get some money by sparing them for they left only the populace and sold the they left only the populace and sold the they left only the populace and sold the rest of the multitude with their wives rest of the multitude with their wives rest of the multitude with their wives and children and every one of them at a and children and every one of them at a and children and every one of them at a very low price and that because such as very low price and that because such as very low price and that because such as were sold were very many and the buyers were sold were very many and the buyers were sold were very many and the buyers were few footnote this innumerable were few footnote this innumerable were few footnote this innumerable multitude of Jews that were sold by the multitude of Jews that were sold by the multitude of Jews that were sold by the Romans was an eminent completion of Romans was an eminent completion of Romans was an eminent completion of God's ancient threatening by Moses that

God's ancient threatening by Moses that God's ancient threatening by Moses that if they apostasized from The Obedience if they apostasized from The Obedience if they apostasized from The Obedience of his laws they should be quote sold of his laws they should be quote sold of his laws they should be quote sold unto their enemies for Bond men and bond unto their enemies for Bond men and bond unto their enemies for Bond men and bond women end quote Deuteronomy 28 68. see women end quote Deuteronomy 28 68. see women end quote Deuteronomy 28 68. see more especially the note on chapter 9 more especially the note on chapter 9 more especially the note on chapter 9 section 2. but one thing is here section 2. but one thing is here section 2. but one thing is here peculiarly remarkable that Moses adds peculiarly remarkable that Moses adds peculiarly remarkable that Moses adds though they should be sold for slaves though they should be sold for slaves though they should be sold for slaves yet no man should buy them I.E either yet no man should buy them I.E either yet no man should buy them I.E either they should have none to redeem them they should have none to redeem them they should have none to redeem them from the sale into slavery or rather from the sale into slavery or rather from the sale into slavery or rather that the slaves to be sold should be that the slaves to be sold should be that the slaves to be sold should be more than were the purchasers for them more than were the purchasers for them more than were the purchasers for them and so they should be sold for little or and so they should be sold for little or and so they should be sold for little or nothing which is what Josephus here nothing which is what Josephus here nothing which is what Josephus here affirms to have been the case at this affirms to have been the case at this affirms to have been the case at this time and footnote time and footnote time and footnote and although Titus had made Proclamation and although Titus had made Proclamation and although Titus had made Proclamation beforehand that no deserter should come beforehand that no deserter should come beforehand that no deserter should come alone by himself that so they might alone by himself that so they might alone by himself that so they might bring out their families with them yet bring out their families with them yet bring out their families with them yet did he receive such as these also did he receive such as these also did he receive such as these also however he sent over them such as were however he sent over them such as were however he sent over them such as were to distinguish some from others in order to distinguish some from others in order to distinguish some from others in order to see if any of them deserved to be to see if any of them deserved to be to see if any of them deserved to be punished and indeed the number of those punished and indeed the number of those punished and indeed the number of those that were sold was immense but of the that were sold was immense but of the that were sold was immense but of the populace above 40 000 were saved whom populace above 40 000 were saved whom populace above 40 000 were saved whom Caesar let go with her every one of them Caesar let go with her every one of them Caesar let go with her every one of them pleased pleased pleased three but now at this time it was that three but now at this time it was that three but now at this time it was that one of the priests the son of sabuthas one of the priests the son of sabuthas one of the priests the son of sabuthas whose name was Jesus upon his having whose name was Jesus upon his having whose name was Jesus upon his having security given him by the oath of Caesar security given him by the oath of Caesar security given him by the oath of Caesar that he should be preserved upon that he should be preserved upon that he should be preserved upon condition that he should deliver to him condition that he should deliver to him condition that he should deliver to him certain of the precious things that had certain of the precious things that had certain of the precious things that had been reposited in the temple came out of been reposited in the temple came out of been reposited in the temple came out of it and delivered him from the wall of it and delivered him from the wall of it and delivered him from the wall of the Holy House to candlesticks like to

the Holy House to candlesticks like to the Holy House to candlesticks like to those that lay in the Holy house with those that lay in the Holy house with those that lay in the Holy house with tables and cisterns and vials all made tables and cisterns and vials all made tables and cisterns and vials all made of solid gold and very heavy footnote of solid gold and very heavy footnote of solid gold and very heavy footnote what became of these Spoils of the what became of these Spoils of the what became of these Spoils of the temple that escaped the fire Siege temple that escaped the fire Siege temple that escaped the fire Siege Josephus himself thereafter and relin Josephus himself thereafter and relin Josephus himself thereafter and relin desboli East templi and footnote desboli East templi and footnote desboli East templi and footnote he also delivered to him the veils and he also delivered to him the veils and he also delivered to him the veils and the garments with the precious stones the garments with the precious stones the garments with the precious stones and a great number of other precious and a great number of other precious and a great number of other precious vessels that belong to their sacred vessels that belong to their sacred vessels that belong to their sacred worship the treasurer of the temple also worship the treasurer of the temple also worship the treasurer of the temple also whose name was Phineas was seized on and whose name was Phineas was seized on and whose name was Phineas was seized on and showed Titus the coats and girdles of showed Titus the coats and girdles of showed Titus the coats and girdles of the priests with a great quantity of the priests with a great quantity of the priests with a great quantity of purple and Scarlet which were there purple and Scarlet which were there purple and Scarlet which were there reposited for the uses of the veil and reposited for the uses of the veil and reposited for the uses of the veil and also a great deal of cinnamon and cassia also a great deal of cinnamon and cassia also a great deal of cinnamon and cassia with a large quantity of other sweet with a large quantity of other sweet with a large quantity of other sweet spices which used to be mixed together spices which used to be mixed together spices which used to be mixed together and offered as incense to God every day and offered as incense to God every day and offered as incense to God every day footnote these various sorts of spices footnote these various sorts of spices footnote these various sorts of spices even more than these four which Moses even more than these four which Moses even more than these four which Moses prescribed Exodus 31 34 we see are used prescribed Exodus 31 34 we see are used prescribed Exodus 31 34 we see are used in their public worship under herod's in their public worship under herod's in their public worship under herod's Temple particularly cinnamon and cassia Temple particularly cinnamon and cassia Temple particularly cinnamon and cassia which relent takes particular notice of which relent takes particular notice of which relent takes particular notice of as agreeing with the latter testimony of as agreeing with the latter testimony of as agreeing with the latter testimony of the talmudists and footnote the talmudists and footnote the talmudists and footnote a great many other Treasures were also a great many other Treasures were also a great many other Treasures were also delivered to him with sacred ornaments delivered to him with sacred ornaments delivered to him with sacred ornaments of the temple not a few which things of the temple not a few which things of the temple not a few which things thus delivered to Titus obtained of him thus delivered to Titus obtained of him thus delivered to Titus obtained of him for this man the same pardon that he had for this man the same pardon that he had for this man the same pardon that he had allowed to such as deserted of their own allowed to such as deserted of their own allowed to such as deserted of their own accord accord accord four and now where the banks finished on four and now where the banks finished on four and now where the banks finished on the seventh day of the month Corpus elul the seventh day of the month Corpus elul the seventh day of the month Corpus elul in 18 days time when the Romans brought

in 18 days time when the Romans brought in 18 days time when the Romans brought their machines against the wall but for their machines against the wall but for their machines against the wall but for the seditious some of them as despairing the seditious some of them as despairing the seditious some of them as despairing of saving the city retired from the wall of saving the city retired from the wall of saving the city retired from the wall to the Citadel others of them went down to the Citadel others of them went down to the Citadel others of them went down into the Subterranean vaults though into the Subterranean vaults though into the Subterranean vaults though still a great many of them defended still a great many of them defended still a great many of them defended themselves against those that brought themselves against those that brought themselves against those that brought the engines for the battery yet did the the engines for the battery yet did the the engines for the battery yet did the Romans overcome them by their number and Romans overcome them by their number and Romans overcome them by their number and by their strength and what was the by their strength and what was the by their strength and what was the principal thing of all by going principal thing of all by going principal thing of all by going cheerfully about their work while the cheerfully about their work while the cheerfully about their work while the Jews were quite dejected and become weak Jews were quite dejected and become weak Jews were quite dejected and become weak now as soon as a part of the well was now as soon as a part of the well was now as soon as a part of the well was battered down and certain of the towers battered down and certain of the towers battered down and certain of the towers yielded to the impression of the yielded to the impression of the yielded to the impression of the battering rams those that opposed battering rams those that opposed battering rams those that opposed themselves fled away and such a terror themselves fled away and such a terror themselves fled away and such a terror fell upon the tyrants as was much fell upon the tyrants as was much fell upon the tyrants as was much greater than the occasion required for greater than the occasion required for greater than the occasion required for before the enemy got over the breach before the enemy got over the breach before the enemy got over the breach they were quite stunned and were they were quite stunned and were they were quite stunned and were immediately for flying away immediately for flying away immediately for flying away and now one might see these men who had and now one might see these men who had and now one might see these men who had hitherto been so insolent and arrogant hitherto been so insolent and arrogant hitherto been so insolent and arrogant in their wicked practices to be cast in their wicked practices to be cast in their wicked practices to be cast down into tremble in so much that it down into tremble in so much that it down into tremble in so much that it would pity one's heart to observe the would pity one's heart to observe the would pity one's heart to observe the change that was made in these vile change that was made in these vile change that was made in these vile persons accordingly they ran with great persons accordingly they ran with great persons accordingly they ran with great violence upon the Roman wall that violence upon the Roman wall that violence upon the Roman wall that encompassed them in order to force away encompassed them in order to force away encompassed them in order to force away those that guarded it and to break those that guarded it and to break those that guarded it and to break through it and get away but when they through it and get away but when they through it and get away but when they saw that those who had formerly been saw that those who had formerly been saw that those who had formerly been faithful to them had gone away as indeed faithful to them had gone away as indeed faithful to them had gone away as indeed they were fled with or so ever the great they were fled with or so ever the great they were fled with or so ever the great distress they were in persuaded them to distress they were in persuaded them to distress they were in persuaded them to flee as also when those that came flee as also when those that came flee as also when those that came running before the rest told them that running before the rest told them that running before the rest told them that the Western Wall was entirely overthrown the Western Wall was entirely overthrown the Western Wall was entirely overthrown While others said the Romans were gotten While others said the Romans were gotten While others said the Romans were gotten in and others that they were near and

in and others that they were near and in and others that they were near and looking out for them which were only the looking out for them which were only the looking out for them which were only the dictates of Their Fear which imposed dictates of Their Fear which imposed dictates of Their Fear which imposed upon their sight they fell upon their upon their sight they fell upon their upon their sight they fell upon their face and greatly lamented their own mad face and greatly lamented their own mad face and greatly lamented their own mad conduct and their nerves were so conduct and their nerves were so conduct and their nerves were so terribly loosed that they could not flee terribly loosed that they could not flee terribly loosed that they could not flee away away away and here one may chiefly reflect on the and here one may chiefly reflect on the and here one may chiefly reflect on the power of God exercised upon these Wicked power of God exercised upon these Wicked power of God exercised upon these Wicked wretches and on the Good Fortune of the wretches and on the Good Fortune of the wretches and on the Good Fortune of the Romans for these tyrants did now wholly Romans for these tyrants did now wholly Romans for these tyrants did now wholly deprive themselves of the security they deprive themselves of the security they deprive themselves of the security they had in their own power and came down had in their own power and came down had in their own power and came down from those very towers of their own from those very towers of their own from those very towers of their own accord wherein they could have never accord wherein they could have never accord wherein they could have never been taken by force nor indeed by any been taken by force nor indeed by any been taken by force nor indeed by any other way than by famine and thus did other way than by famine and thus did other way than by famine and thus did the Romans when they had taken such the Romans when they had taken such the Romans when they had taken such great pains about weaker walls get by great pains about weaker walls get by great pains about weaker walls get by Good Fortune what they could never have Good Fortune what they could never have Good Fortune what they could never have gotten by their engines for three of gotten by their engines for three of gotten by their engines for three of these towers were too strong for all these towers were too strong for all these towers were too strong for all mechanical engines whatsoever concerning mechanical engines whatsoever concerning mechanical engines whatsoever concerning which we have treated above which we have treated above which we have treated above five five five so they now left these towers of so they now left these towers of so they now left these towers of themselves or rather they were ejected themselves or rather they were ejected themselves or rather they were ejected out of them by God himself and fled out of them by God himself and fled out of them by God himself and fled immediately to that Valley which was immediately to that Valley which was immediately to that Valley which was under Salome where they again recovered under Salome where they again recovered under Salome where they again recovered themselves out of the dread they were in themselves out of the dread they were in themselves out of the dread they were in for a while and ran violently against for a while and ran violently against for a while and ran violently against that part of the Roman wall which lay on that part of the Roman wall which lay on that part of the Roman wall which lay on that side but as their courage was too that side but as their courage was too that side but as their courage was too much depressed to make their attacks much depressed to make their attacks much depressed to make their attacks with sufficient force and their power with sufficient force and their power with sufficient force and their power was now broken with fear and affliction was now broken with fear and affliction was now broken with fear and affliction they were repulsed by the guards and they were repulsed by the guards and they were repulsed by the guards and dispersing themselves at distances from dispersing themselves at distances from dispersing themselves at distances from each other went down into the each other went down into the each other went down into the Subterranean Caverns Subterranean Caverns Subterranean Caverns so the Romans being now become masters so the Romans being now become masters so the Romans being now become masters of the walls they both placed their

of the walls they both placed their of the walls they both placed their encins upon the towers and made joyful encins upon the towers and made joyful encins upon the towers and made joyful acclimations for the victory they had acclimations for the victory they had acclimations for the victory they had gained as having found the end of this gained as having found the end of this gained as having found the end of this war much lighter than its beginning for war much lighter than its beginning for war much lighter than its beginning for when they had gotten upon the last fall when they had gotten upon the last fall when they had gotten upon the last fall without any Bloodshed they could hardly without any Bloodshed they could hardly without any Bloodshed they could hardly believe what they found to be true but believe what they found to be true but believe what they found to be true but seeing nobody to oppose them they stood seeing nobody to oppose them they stood seeing nobody to oppose them they stood in doubt what such an unusual Solitude in doubt what such an unusual Solitude in doubt what such an unusual Solitude could mean could mean could mean but when they went in numbers into the but when they went in numbers into the but when they went in numbers into the lanes of the city with their swords lanes of the city with their swords lanes of the city with their swords drawn they slew Those whom they overtook drawn they slew Those whom they overtook drawn they slew Those whom they overtook without and set fire to the houses without and set fire to the houses without and set fire to the houses whether the Jews were fled and burnt whether the Jews were fled and burnt whether the Jews were fled and burnt every soul in them and laid waste a every soul in them and laid waste a every soul in them and laid waste a great many of the rest and when they great many of the rest and when they great many of the rest and when they were come to the houses to plunder them were come to the houses to plunder them were come to the houses to plunder them they found in them entire families of they found in them entire families of they found in them entire families of dead men in the upper rooms full of dead dead men in the upper rooms full of dead dead men in the upper rooms full of dead corpses that is of such as died by the corpses that is of such as died by the corpses that is of such as died by the famine they then stood in a horror at famine they then stood in a horror at famine they then stood in a horror at this site and went out without touching this site and went out without touching this site and went out without touching anything but although they had this anything but although they had this anything but although they had this commiseration for such as were destroyed commiseration for such as were destroyed commiseration for such as were destroyed in that manner yet had they not the same in that manner yet had they not the same in that manner yet had they not the same for those that were still alive but they for those that were still alive but they for those that were still alive but they ran everyone through whom they met with ran everyone through whom they met with ran everyone through whom they met with and obstructed the very Lanes with their and obstructed the very Lanes with their and obstructed the very Lanes with their dead bodies and made the whole city run dead bodies and made the whole city run dead bodies and made the whole city run down with blood to such a degree indeed down with blood to such a degree indeed down with blood to such a degree indeed that the fire of many of the houses was that the fire of many of the houses was that the fire of many of the houses was quenched with these men's blood quenched with these men's blood quenched with these men's blood and truly so it happened that though the and truly so it happened that though the and truly so it happened that though the Slayers left off at the evening yet did Slayers left off at the evening yet did Slayers left off at the evening yet did the fire greatly Prevail in the night the fire greatly Prevail in the night the fire greatly Prevail in the night and as all was burning came that eighth and as all was burning came that eighth and as all was burning came that eighth day of the month gorpius elul upon day of the month gorpius elul upon day of the month gorpius elul upon Jerusalem a city that had been liable to Jerusalem a city that had been liable to Jerusalem a city that had been liable to so many miseries during this siege that so many miseries during this siege that so many miseries during this siege that had it always enjoyed as much happiness

had it always enjoyed as much happiness had it always enjoyed as much happiness from its first Foundation it would from its first Foundation it would from its first Foundation it would certainly have been the Envy of the certainly have been the Envy of the certainly have been the Envy of the world world world nor did it on any other account so much nor did it on any other account so much nor did it on any other account so much deserve these sore misfortunes as by deserve these sore misfortunes as by deserve these sore misfortunes as by producing such a generation of men as producing such a generation of men as producing such a generation of men as were the occasions of this its overthrow were the occasions of this its overthrow were the occasions of this its overthrow chapter nine what injunction Caesar gave chapter nine what injunction Caesar gave chapter nine what injunction Caesar gave when he was come within the city the when he was come within the city the when he was come within the city the number of the captives and of those that number of the captives and of those that number of the captives and of those that perished in the siege as also concerning perished in the siege as also concerning perished in the siege as also concerning those that had escaped into the those that had escaped into the those that had escaped into the Subterranean Caverns among whom were the Subterranean Caverns among whom were the Subterranean Caverns among whom were the tyrants Simon and John themselves tyrants Simon and John themselves tyrants Simon and John themselves one now when Titus was come into this one now when Titus was come into this one now when Titus was come into this upper City he admired not only some upper City he admired not only some upper City he admired not only some other places of strength in it but other places of strength in it but other places of strength in it but particularly those strong Towers which particularly those strong Towers which particularly those strong Towers which the tyrants in their mad conduct had the tyrants in their mad conduct had the tyrants in their mad conduct had relinquished for when he saw their solid relinquished for when he saw their solid relinquished for when he saw their solid altitude and the largeness of their altitude and the largeness of their altitude and the largeness of their several stones and the exactness of several stones and the exactness of several stones and the exactness of their joints as also how great was their their joints as also how great was their their joints as also how great was their breadth and how extensive their length breadth and how extensive their length breadth and how extensive their length he expressed himself after the manner he expressed himself after the manner he expressed himself after the manner following quote we have certainly had following quote we have certainly had following quote we have certainly had God for our assistance in this war and God for our assistance in this war and God for our assistance in this war and it was no other than God who ejected the it was no other than God who ejected the it was no other than God who ejected the Jews out of these fortifications for Jews out of these fortifications for Jews out of these fortifications for what could the hands of men or any what could the hands of men or any what could the hands of men or any machines do towards overthrowing these machines do towards overthrowing these machines do towards overthrowing these towers end quote at which time he had towers end quote at which time he had towers end quote at which time he had many such discourses to his friends he many such discourses to his friends he many such discourses to his friends he also let such Go free as had been bound also let such Go free as had been bound also let such Go free as had been bound by the tyrants and were left in the by the tyrants and were left in the by the tyrants and were left in the prisons to conclude when he entirely prisons to conclude when he entirely prisons to conclude when he entirely demolished the rest of the city and demolished the rest of the city and demolished the rest of the city and overthrew its walls he left these towers overthrew its walls he left these towers overthrew its walls he left these towers as a monument of his Good Fortune which

as a monument of his Good Fortune which as a monument of his Good Fortune which had proved his auxiliaries and enabled had proved his auxiliaries and enabled had proved his auxiliaries and enabled him to take what could not otherwise him to take what could not otherwise him to take what could not otherwise have been taken by him have been taken by him have been taken by him two and now since his soldiers were two and now since his soldiers were two and now since his soldiers were already quite tired with killing men and already quite tired with killing men and already quite tired with killing men and yet there appeared to be a vast yet there appeared to be a vast yet there appeared to be a vast multitude still remaining alive Caesar multitude still remaining alive Caesar multitude still remaining alive Caesar gave orders that they should kill none gave orders that they should kill none gave orders that they should kill none but those that were in arms and opposed but those that were in arms and opposed but those that were in arms and opposed them but should take the rest alive them but should take the rest alive them but should take the rest alive but together with those whom they had but together with those whom they had but together with those whom they had orders to slay they slew the Aged and orders to slay they slew the Aged and orders to slay they slew the Aged and the infirm but for those that were in the infirm but for those that were in the infirm but for those that were in their flourishing age and who might be their flourishing age and who might be their flourishing age and who might be useful to them they drove them together useful to them they drove them together useful to them they drove them together into the temple and shut them up within into the temple and shut them up within into the temple and shut them up within the walls of the court of the women the walls of the court of the women the walls of the court of the women over which Caesar set one of his freed over which Caesar set one of his freed over which Caesar set one of his freed men as also fronto one of his own men as also fronto one of his own men as also fronto one of his own friends which last was to determine friends which last was to determine friends which last was to determine everyone's fate according to his merits everyone's fate according to his merits everyone's fate according to his merits so this fronto slew all those that had so this fronto slew all those that had so this fronto slew all those that had been seditious and robbers who were been seditious and robbers who were been seditious and robbers who were impeached one by another but of the impeached one by another but of the impeached one by another but of the young men he chose out the tallest and young men he chose out the tallest and young men he chose out the tallest and most beautiful and reserved them for the most beautiful and reserved them for the most beautiful and reserved them for the triumphs as for the rest of the triumphs as for the rest of the triumphs as for the rest of the multitude that were above 17 years old multitude that were above 17 years old multitude that were above 17 years old he put them into bonds and sent them to he put them into bonds and sent them to he put them into bonds and sent them to the Egyptian mines Titus also sent a the Egyptian mines Titus also sent a the Egyptian mines Titus also sent a great number into the provinces as a great number into the provinces as a great number into the provinces as a present to them that they might be present to them that they might be present to them that they might be destroyed upon their theaters by The destroyed upon their theaters by The destroyed upon their theaters by The Sword and by the wild beasts but those Sword and by the wild beasts but those Sword and by the wild beasts but those that were under 17 years of age were that were under 17 years of age were that were under 17 years of age were sold for slaves footnote see the several sold for slaves footnote see the several sold for slaves footnote see the several predictions that the Jews if they became predictions that the Jews if they became predictions that the Jews if they became obstinate in their idolatry and obstinate in their idolatry and obstinate in their idolatry and wickedness should be sent again or sold wickedness should be sent again or sold wickedness should be sent again or sold into Egypt for their punishment into Egypt for their punishment into Egypt for their punishment Deuteronomy 28 68 Jeremiah 44 7 Hosea 8

Deuteronomy 28 68 Jeremiah 44 7 Hosea 8 Deuteronomy 28 68 Jeremiah 44 7 Hosea 8 13 9 3 9 4 and 5 second Samuel 15 10-13 13 9 3 9 4 and 5 second Samuel 15 10-13 13 9 3 9 4 and 5 second Samuel 15 10-13 with authentic records and real and with authentic records and real and with authentic records and real and painless and and footnote painless and and footnote painless and and footnote now during the days where infronto was now during the days where infronto was now during the days where infronto was distinguishing these men they're distinguishing these men they're distinguishing these men they're perished for wants of food eleven perished for wants of food eleven perished for wants of food eleven thousand some of whom did not taste any thousand some of whom did not taste any thousand some of whom did not taste any food through the hatred their guards food through the hatred their guards food through the hatred their guards bore to them and others would not take bore to them and others would not take bore to them and others would not take in any when it was given them the in any when it was given them the in any when it was given them the multitude also was so very great that multitude also was so very great that multitude also was so very great that they were in want even of corn for their they were in want even of corn for their they were in want even of corn for their sustenance sustenance sustenance three now the number of those that were three now the number of those that were three now the number of those that were carried captive during this whole war carried captive during this whole war carried captive during this whole war was collected to be ninety seven was collected to be ninety seven was collected to be ninety seven thousand footnote the whole multitude of thousand footnote the whole multitude of thousand footnote the whole multitude of the Jews that were destroyed during the the Jews that were destroyed during the the Jews that were destroyed during the entire seven years before this time in entire seven years before this time in entire seven years before this time in all the countries of and bordering on all the countries of and bordering on all the countries of and bordering on Judea is summed up by Archbishop Usher Judea is summed up by Archbishop Usher Judea is summed up by Archbishop Usher from lipsius out of Josephus at the year from lipsius out of Josephus at the year from lipsius out of Josephus at the year of Christ 70 and amounts to one million of Christ 70 and amounts to one million of Christ 70 and amounts to one million three hundred thirty seven thousand four three hundred thirty seven thousand four three hundred thirty seven thousand four hundred ninety nor could there have been hundred ninety nor could there have been hundred ninety nor could there have been that number of Jews in Jerusalem to be that number of Jews in Jerusalem to be that number of Jews in Jerusalem to be destroyed in this Siege as will be destroyed in this Siege as will be destroyed in this Siege as will be presently set down by Josephus but that presently set down by Josephus but that presently set down by Josephus but that both Jews and proselytes of Justice were both Jews and proselytes of Justice were both Jews and proselytes of Justice were just then come up out of the other just then come up out of the other just then come up out of the other countries of Galilee Samaria Judea and countries of Galilee Samaria Judea and countries of Galilee Samaria Judea and Korea and other remoter regions to the Korea and other remoter regions to the Korea and other remoter regions to the Passover in vast numbers and therein Passover in vast numbers and therein Passover in vast numbers and therein cooped up as in a prison by the Roman cooped up as in a prison by the Roman cooped up as in a prison by the Roman army as Josephus himself well observes army as Josephus himself well observes army as Josephus himself well observes in this and the next section and as is in this and the next section and as is in this and the next section and as is exactly related elsewhere end footnote

exactly related elsewhere end footnote exactly related elsewhere end footnote as was the number of those that perished as was the number of those that perished as was the number of those that perished during the whole Siege eleven hundred during the whole Siege eleven hundred during the whole Siege eleven hundred thousand the greater part of whom were thousand the greater part of whom were thousand the greater part of whom were indeed of the same Nation with the indeed of the same Nation with the indeed of the same Nation with the citizens of Jerusalem but not belonging citizens of Jerusalem but not belonging citizens of Jerusalem but not belonging to the city itself for they were come up to the city itself for they were come up to the city itself for they were come up from all the country to the Feast of from all the country to the Feast of from all the country to the Feast of unleavened bread and were on a sudden unleavened bread and were on a sudden unleavened bread and were on a sudden shut up by an army which at the very shut up by an army which at the very shut up by an army which at the very first occasion so great a straightness first occasion so great a straightness first occasion so great a straightness among them that there came a pestilental among them that there came a pestilental among them that there came a pestilental destruction upon them and soon destruction upon them and soon destruction upon them and soon afterwards such a famine has destroyed afterwards such a famine has destroyed afterwards such a famine has destroyed them more suddenly and that this city them more suddenly and that this city them more suddenly and that this city could contain so many people in it is could contain so many people in it is could contain so many people in it is Manifest by that number of them which Manifest by that number of them which Manifest by that number of them which was taken under cestius who being was taken under cestius who being was taken under cestius who being desirous of informing Miro of the power desirous of informing Miro of the power desirous of informing Miro of the power of the city who otherwise was disposed of the city who otherwise was disposed of the city who otherwise was disposed to condemn that nation and treated the to condemn that nation and treated the to condemn that nation and treated the high priests if the thing were possible high priests if the thing were possible high priests if the thing were possible to take the number of their whole to take the number of their whole to take the number of their whole multitude multitude multitude so these high priests upon the coming of so these high priests upon the coming of so these high priests upon the coming of that Feast which is called the Passover that Feast which is called the Passover that Feast which is called the Passover when they slay their sacrifices from the when they slay their sacrifices from the when they slay their sacrifices from the ninth hour till the 11th but so that a ninth hour till the 11th but so that a ninth hour till the 11th but so that a company not less than 10 belong to every company not less than 10 belong to every company not less than 10 belong to every sacrifice for it is not lawful for them sacrifice for it is not lawful for them sacrifice for it is not lawful for them to Feast singly by themselves and many to Feast singly by themselves and many to Feast singly by themselves and many of us are 20 in a company found the of us are 20 in a company found the of us are 20 in a company found the number of sacrifices was 256 500 which number of sacrifices was 256 500 which number of sacrifices was 256 500 which upon the allowance of no more than ten upon the allowance of no more than ten upon the allowance of no more than ten that Feast together amongst to 2 million that Feast together amongst to 2 million that Feast together amongst to 2 million seven hundred thousand and two hundred seven hundred thousand and two hundred seven hundred thousand and two hundred persons that were pure and holy footnote persons that were pure and holy footnote persons that were pure and holy footnote this number of a company for one Paschal this number of a company for one Paschal this number of a company for one Paschal Lamb between 10 and 20 agrees exactly Lamb between 10 and 20 agrees exactly Lamb between 10 and 20 agrees exactly with the number 13 at our savior's last with the number 13 at our savior's last with the number 13 at our savior's last passover as to the whole number of the

passover as to the whole number of the passover as to the whole number of the Jews that used to come up to the Jews that used to come up to the Jews that used to come up to the Passover and eat it at Jerusalem see the Passover and eat it at Jerusalem see the Passover and eat it at Jerusalem see the note on Book 2 chapter 14 section 3. note on Book 2 chapter 14 section 3. note on Book 2 chapter 14 section 3. this number ought to be here indeed just this number ought to be here indeed just this number ought to be here indeed just 10 times the number of the lamps or just 10 times the number of the lamps or just 10 times the number of the lamps or just 2 565 2 565 2 565 000 by josephus's own reasoning whereas 000 by josephus's own reasoning whereas 000 by josephus's own reasoning whereas it is in his present copies no less than it is in his present copies no less than it is in his present copies no less than two million seven hundred thousand two two million seven hundred thousand two two million seven hundred thousand two hundred which last number is however hundred which last number is however hundred which last number is however nearest the other number in the place nearest the other number in the place nearest the other number in the place now cited which is three million but now cited which is three million but now cited which is three million but what is here chiefly remarkable in this what is here chiefly remarkable in this what is here chiefly remarkable in this that no foreign Nation ever came thus to that no foreign Nation ever came thus to that no foreign Nation ever came thus to destroy the Jews at any of their solemn destroy the Jews at any of their solemn destroy the Jews at any of their solemn festivals from the days of Moses till festivals from the days of Moses till festivals from the days of Moses till this time but came now upon their this time but came now upon their this time but came now upon their apostasy from God and from obedience to apostasy from God and from obedience to apostasy from God and from obedience to him him him nor is it possible in the nature of nor is it possible in the nature of nor is it possible in the nature of things that in any other Nation such things that in any other Nation such things that in any other Nation such vast numbers should be gotten together vast numbers should be gotten together vast numbers should be gotten together and perish in the siege of any one city and perish in the siege of any one city and perish in the siege of any one city whatsoever as now happened in Jerusalem whatsoever as now happened in Jerusalem whatsoever as now happened in Jerusalem and footnote and footnote and footnote for as to those that have the leprosy or for as to those that have the leprosy or for as to those that have the leprosy or the gonorrhea or women that have their the gonorrhea or women that have their the gonorrhea or women that have their monthly courses or such as our otherwise monthly courses or such as our otherwise monthly courses or such as our otherwise polluted it is not lawful for them to be polluted it is not lawful for them to be polluted it is not lawful for them to be partakers of the sacrifice nor indeed partakers of the sacrifice nor indeed partakers of the sacrifice nor indeed for any foreigners neither who come for any foreigners neither who come for any foreigners neither who come hither to worship hither to worship hither to worship four now this vast multitude is indeed four now this vast multitude is indeed four now this vast multitude is indeed collected out of remote places but the collected out of remote places but the collected out of remote places but the entire nation was now shut up by Fate as entire nation was now shut up by Fate as entire nation was now shut up by Fate as in prison and the Roman army encompassed in prison and the Roman army encompassed in prison and the Roman army encompassed the city when it was crowded with the city when it was crowded with the city when it was crowded with inhabitants inhabitants inhabitants accordingly the multitude of those that accordingly the multitude of those that accordingly the multitude of those that therein perished exceeded all the therein perished exceeded all the therein perished exceeded all the destructions that either men or God ever

destructions that either men or God ever destructions that either men or God ever brought upon the world or to speak only brought upon the world or to speak only brought upon the world or to speak only of what is publicly known the Romans of what is publicly known the Romans of what is publicly known the Romans flew some of them some They Carried flew some of them some They Carried flew some of them some They Carried captives and others they made a search captives and others they made a search captives and others they made a search for underground and when they found for underground and when they found for underground and when they found where they were they broke up the ground where they were they broke up the ground where they were they broke up the ground and slew all they met with and slew all they met with and slew all they met with there were also found slain there above there were also found slain there above there were also found slain there above two thousand persons partly by their own two thousand persons partly by their own two thousand persons partly by their own hands and partly by one another but hands and partly by one another but hands and partly by one another but chiefly destroyed by the famine but then chiefly destroyed by the famine but then chiefly destroyed by the famine but then the ill saber of the dead bodies was the ill saber of the dead bodies was the ill saber of the dead bodies was most offensive to those that lighted most offensive to those that lighted most offensive to those that lighted upon them in so much that some were upon them in so much that some were upon them in so much that some were obliged to get away immediately While obliged to get away immediately While obliged to get away immediately While others were so greedy of gain that they others were so greedy of gain that they others were so greedy of gain that they would go in among the dead bodies that would go in among the dead bodies that would go in among the dead bodies that lay on heaps and tread upon them for a lay on heaps and tread upon them for a lay on heaps and tread upon them for a great deal of treasure was found in great deal of treasure was found in great deal of treasure was found in these caverns and the hope of gain made these caverns and the hope of gain made these caverns and the hope of gain made every way of getting it to be esteemed every way of getting it to be esteemed every way of getting it to be esteemed lawful many also of those that had been lawful many also of those that had been lawful many also of those that had been put in prison by the tyrants were now put in prison by the tyrants were now put in prison by the tyrants were now brought out for they did not leave off brought out for they did not leave off brought out for they did not leave off their barbarous cruelty at the very last their barbarous cruelty at the very last their barbarous cruelty at the very last yet did God avenge himself upon them yet did God avenge himself upon them yet did God avenge himself upon them both in a manner agreeable to justice as both in a manner agreeable to justice as both in a manner agreeable to justice as for John he wanted food together with for John he wanted food together with for John he wanted food together with his brethren in these caverns and begged his brethren in these caverns and begged his brethren in these caverns and begged that the Romans would now give him their that the Romans would now give him their that the Romans would now give him their right hand for his security which he had right hand for his security which he had right hand for his security which he had often proudly rejected before but for often proudly rejected before but for often proudly rejected before but for Simon he struggled hard with the Simon he struggled hard with the Simon he struggled hard with the distress he was in till he was forced to distress he was in till he was forced to distress he was in till he was forced to surrender himself as we shall relate surrender himself as we shall relate surrender himself as we shall relate Hereafter so he was reserved for the Hereafter so he was reserved for the Hereafter so he was reserved for the Triumph and to be slain then as was John Triumph and to be slain then as was John Triumph and to be slain then as was John condemned to Perpetual imprisonment condemned to Perpetual imprisonment condemned to Perpetual imprisonment and now the Romans Set Fire to the and now the Romans Set Fire to the and now the Romans Set Fire to the extreme parts of the city and burned

extreme parts of the city and burned extreme parts of the city and burned them down and entirely demolished its them down and entirely demolished its them down and entirely demolished its walls walls walls chapter 10 that whereas the city of chapter 10 that whereas the city of chapter 10 that whereas the city of Jerusalem had been five times taken Jerusalem had been five times taken Jerusalem had been five times taken formerly this was the second time of its formerly this was the second time of its formerly this was the second time of its desolation a brief account of its desolation a brief account of its desolation a brief account of its history history history 1. and thus was Jerusalem taken in the 1. and thus was Jerusalem taken in the 1. and thus was Jerusalem taken in the second year of the reign of Vespasian on second year of the reign of Vespasian on second year of the reign of Vespasian on the eighth day of the month gorpius elul the eighth day of the month gorpius elul the eighth day of the month gorpius elul it had been taken five times before it had been taken five times before it had been taken five times before though this was the second time of its though this was the second time of its though this was the second time of its desolation footnote this is the proper desolation footnote this is the proper desolation footnote this is the proper place for such as have closely attended place for such as have closely attended place for such as have closely attended to these latter books of the war to to these latter books of the war to to these latter books of the war to pursue and that with equal attention pursue and that with equal attention pursue and that with equal attention those distinct and plain predictions of those distinct and plain predictions of those distinct and plain predictions of Jesus of Nazareth in the gospels there Jesus of Nazareth in the gospels there Jesus of Nazareth in the gospels there unto relating as compared with their unto relating as compared with their unto relating as compared with their exact completions in josephus's history exact completions in josephus's history exact completions in josephus's history upon which completions as Dr Whitby well upon which completions as Dr Whitby well upon which completions as Dr Whitby well observes no small part of the evidence observes no small part of the evidence observes no small part of the evidence for the truth of the Christian religion for the truth of the Christian religion for the truth of the Christian religion does depend and as I have step by step does depend and as I have step by step does depend and as I have step by step compared them together in my literal compared them together in my literal compared them together in my literal accomplishment of scripture prophecies accomplishment of scripture prophecies accomplishment of scripture prophecies the reader is to observe further that the reader is to observe further that the reader is to observe further that the true reason why I have so seldom the true reason why I have so seldom the true reason why I have so seldom taken notice of these completions in the taken notice of these completions in the taken notice of these completions in the course of these notes notwithstanding course of these notes notwithstanding course of these notes notwithstanding their being so very remarkable and their being so very remarkable and their being so very remarkable and frequently so very obvious is this that frequently so very obvious is this that frequently so very obvious is this that I had entirely prevented myself in that I had entirely prevented myself in that I had entirely prevented myself in that Treatise beforehand to which therefore I Treatise beforehand to which therefore I Treatise beforehand to which therefore I must hear once for all seriously refer must hear once for all seriously refer must hear once for all seriously refer every inquisitive reader besides the every inquisitive reader besides the every inquisitive reader besides the these five here enumerated who had taken these five here enumerated who had taken these five here enumerated who had taken Jerusalem of old Josephus upon further Jerusalem of old Josephus upon further Jerusalem of old Josephus upon further recollection reckons the sixth who

recollection reckons the sixth who recollection reckons the sixth who should have been here inserted in the should have been here inserted in the should have been here inserted in the second place I mean Ptolemy the son of second place I mean Ptolemy the son of second place I mean Ptolemy the son of lagus and footnote lagus and footnote lagus and footnote for shishak the king of Egypt and after for shishak the king of Egypt and after for shishak the king of Egypt and after him Antiochus and after him Pompeii and him Antiochus and after him Pompeii and him Antiochus and after him Pompeii and after him Celsius and Herod took the after him Celsius and Herod took the after him Celsius and Herod took the city but still preserved it but before city but still preserved it but before city but still preserved it but before all these the king of Babylon conquered all these the king of Babylon conquered all these the king of Babylon conquered it and made it desolate it and made it desolate it and made it desolate 1468 years and six months after it was 1468 years and six months after it was 1468 years and six months after it was built but he who first built it was a built but he who first built it was a built but he who first built it was a potent man among the Canaanites and is potent man among the Canaanites and is potent man among the Canaanites and is in our own tongue called Melchizedek the in our own tongue called Melchizedek the in our own tongue called Melchizedek the righteous King for such he really was on righteous King for such he really was on righteous King for such he really was on which account he was there the first which account he was there the first which account he was there the first priest of God and first built a temple priest of God and first built a temple priest of God and first built a temple there and called the city Jerusalem there and called the city Jerusalem there and called the city Jerusalem which was formerly called Salem however which was formerly called Salem however which was formerly called Salem however David the king of the Jews ejected the David the king of the Jews ejected the David the king of the Jews ejected the Canaanites and set tied his own people Canaanites and set tied his own people Canaanites and set tied his own people therein it was demolished entirely by therein it was demolished entirely by therein it was demolished entirely by the Babylonians 477 years and six months the Babylonians 477 years and six months the Babylonians 477 years and six months after him and from King David who was after him and from King David who was after him and from King David who was the first of the Jews who reigned the first of the Jews who reigned the first of the Jews who reigned therein to this destruction under Titus therein to this destruction under Titus therein to this destruction under Titus were were were 1179 years but from its first building 1179 years but from its first building 1179 years but from its first building till this last destruction were till this last destruction were till this last destruction were 2177 Years yet hath not its great 2177 Years yet hath not its great 2177 Years yet hath not its great Antiquity nor its vast riches nor the Antiquity nor its vast riches nor the Antiquity nor its vast riches nor the diffusion of its Nation over all the diffusion of its Nation over all the diffusion of its Nation over all the habitable Earth nor the greatness of the habitable Earth nor the greatness of the habitable Earth nor the greatness of the veneration paid to it on a religious veneration paid to it on a religious veneration paid to it on a religious account then sufficient to preserve it account then sufficient to preserve it account then sufficient to preserve it from being destroyed and thus ended The from being destroyed and thus ended The from being destroyed and thus ended The Siege of Jerusalem

Siege of Jerusalem Siege of Jerusalem end of book 6 chapters 8 through 10. end of book 6 chapters 8 through 10. end of book 6 chapters 8 through 10. end of book six