Josephus Book 14b - Through Antigonus

The Antiquities of the Jews, Volume 3 by The Antiquities of the Jews, Volume 3 by Flavius Josephus, translated by William Flavius Josephus, translated by William Flavius Josephus, translated by William Whiston. Book 14, Chapters 11 and 12. Whiston. Book 14, Chapters 11 and 12. Whiston. Book 14, Chapters 11 and 12. Chapter 11. How Marcus succeeded Sextus Chapter 11. How Marcus succeeded Sextus Chapter 11. How Marcus succeeded Sextus when he had been slain by Bassus' when he had been slain by Bassus' when he had been slain by Bassus' treachery and how after the death of treachery and how after the death of treachery and how after the death of Caesar, Cassius came into Syria and Caesar, Cassius came into Syria and Caesar, Cassius came into Syria and distressed Judah. As also how Malichus distressed Judah. As also how Malichus distressed Judah. As also how Malichus slew Antipater and was himself slain by slew Antipater and was himself slain by slew Antipater and was himself slain by Herod. Herod. Herod. Now it so fell out that about this very Now it so fell out that about this very Now it so fell out that about this very time, the affairs of Syria were in great time, the affairs of Syria were in great time, the affairs of Syria were in great disorder and this on the occasion disorder and this on the occasion disorder and this on the occasion following. following. following. Caecilius Bassus, one of Pompey's party, Caecilius Bassus, one of Pompey's party, Caecilius Bassus, one of Pompey's party, laid a treacherous design against Sextus laid a treacherous design against Sextus laid a treacherous design against Sextus Caesar and slew him and then took his Caesar and slew him and then took his Caesar and slew him and then took his army and got the management of public army and got the management of public army and got the management of public affairs into his own hand. So there affairs into his own hand. So there affairs into his own hand. So there arose a great war about Apamea while arose a great war about Apamea while arose a great war about Apamea while Caesar's generals came against him with Caesar's generals came against him with Caesar's generals came against him with an army of horsemen and footmen. an army of horsemen and footmen. an army of horsemen and footmen. To these Antipater also sent succors and To these Antipater also sent succors and To these Antipater also sent succors and his sons with them as calling to mind his sons with them as calling to mind his sons with them as calling to mind the kindnesses they had received from the kindnesses they had received from the kindnesses they had received from Caesar and on that account, he thought Caesar and on that account, he thought Caesar and on that account, he thought it but just to require punishment for it but just to require punishment for it but just to require punishment for him and to take vengeance on the man him and to take vengeance on the man him and to take vengeance on the man that had murdered him.

that had murdered him. that had murdered him. And as the war was drawn out into a And as the war was drawn out into a And as the war was drawn out into a great length, Marcus came from Rome to great length, Marcus came from Rome to great length, Marcus came from Rome to take Sextus' government upon him. take Sextus' government upon him. take Sextus' government upon him. But Caesar was slain by Cassius and But Caesar was slain by Cassius and But Caesar was slain by Cassius and Brutus in the Senate House after he had Brutus in the Senate House after he had Brutus in the Senate House after he had retained the government 3 years and 6 retained the government 3 years and 6 retained the government 3 years and 6 months. months. months. This fact, however, is related This fact, however, is related This fact, however, is related elsewhere. elsewhere. elsewhere. As the war that arose upon the death of As the war that arose upon the death of As the war that arose upon the death of Caesar was now begun and the principal Caesar was now begun and the principal Caesar was now begun and the principal men were all gone, some one way and some men were all gone, some one way and some men were all gone, some one way and some another to raise armies, another to raise armies, another to raise armies, Cassius came from Rome into Syria in Cassius came from Rome into Syria in Cassius came from Rome into Syria in order to receive the army that lay in order to receive the army that lay in order to receive the army that lay in the camp at Apamea. the camp at Apamea. the camp at Apamea. And having raised the siege, he brought And having raised the siege, he brought And having raised the siege, he brought over both Bassus and Marcus to his over both Bassus and Marcus to his over both Bassus and Marcus to his party. party. party. He then went over the cities and got He then went over the cities and got He then went over the cities and got together weapons and soldiers and laid together weapons and soldiers and laid together weapons and soldiers and laid great taxes upon those cities. And he great taxes upon those cities. And he great taxes upon those cities. And he chiefly oppressed Judea and exacted of chiefly oppressed Judea and exacted of chiefly oppressed Judea and exacted of it 700 talents. But Antipater, when he it 700 talents. But Antipater, when he it 700 talents. But Antipater, when he saw the state to be in so great saw the state to be in so great saw the state to be in so great consternation and disorder, he divided consternation and disorder, he divided consternation and disorder, he divided the collection of that sum and appointed the collection of that sum and appointed the collection of that sum and appointed his two sons to gather it. And so that his two sons to gather it. And so that his two sons to gather it. And so that part of it was to be exacted by part of it was to be exacted by part of it was to be exacted by Malichus, who was ill-disposed to him, Malichus, who was ill-disposed to him, Malichus, who was ill-disposed to him, and part by others.

and part by others. and part by others. And because Herod did exact what is And because Herod did exact what is And because Herod did exact what is required of him from Galilee before required of him from Galilee before required of him from Galilee before others, he was in the greatest favor others, he was in the greatest favor others, he was in the greatest favor with Cassius. For he thought it a part with Cassius. For he thought it a part with Cassius. For he thought it a part of prudence to cultivate a friendship of prudence to cultivate a friendship of prudence to cultivate a friendship with the Romans and to gain their with the Romans and to gain their with the Romans and to gain their goodwill at the expense of others. goodwill at the expense of others. goodwill at the expense of others. Whereas the curators of the other cities Whereas the curators of the other cities Whereas the curators of the other cities with their citizens were sold for with their citizens were sold for with their citizens were sold for slaves. And Cassius reduced four cities slaves. And Cassius reduced four cities slaves. And Cassius reduced four cities into a state of slavery, the two most into a state of slavery, the two most into a state of slavery, the two most potent of which were Gophna and Emmaus. potent of which were Gophna and Emmaus. potent of which were Gophna and Emmaus. And besides these, Lydia and Thamna. And besides these, Lydia and Thamna. And besides these, Lydia and Thamna. Nay, Cassius was so very angry at Nay, Cassius was so very angry at Nay, Cassius was so very angry at Malichus that he had killed him. For he Malichus that he had killed him. For he Malichus that he had killed him. For he assaulted him, had not Hyrcanus by the assaulted him, had not Hyrcanus by the assaulted him, had not Hyrcanus by the means of Antipater sent him 100 talents means of Antipater sent him 100 talents means of Antipater sent him 100 talents of his own and thereby pacified his of his own and thereby pacified his of his own and thereby pacified his anger against him. anger against him. anger against him. But after Cassius was gone out of Judea, But after Cassius was gone out of Judea, But after Cassius was gone out of Judea, Malichus laid snares for Antipater as Malichus laid snares for Antipater as Malichus laid snares for Antipater as thinking that his death would be the thinking that his death would be the thinking that his death would be the preservation of Hyrcanus's government. preservation of Hyrcanus's government. preservation of Hyrcanus's government. But his design was not unknown to But his design was not unknown to But his design was not unknown to Antipater, which when he perceived, he Antipater, which when he perceived, he Antipater, which when he perceived, he retired beyond Jordan and got together retired beyond Jordan and got together retired beyond Jordan and got together an army partly of Arabs and partly of an army partly of Arabs and partly of an army partly of Arabs and partly of his own countrymen.

his own countrymen. his own countrymen. However, Malichus being one of great However, Malichus being one of great However, Malichus being one of great cunning, denied that he had laid any cunning, denied that he had laid any cunning, denied that he had laid any snares for him and made his defense with snares for him and made his defense with snares for him and made his defense with an oath both to himself and his sons, an oath both to himself and his sons, an oath both to himself and his sons, and said that while Phasaelus had a and said that while Phasaelus had a and said that while Phasaelus had a garrison in Jerusalem, and Herod had the garrison in Jerusalem, and Herod had the garrison in Jerusalem, and Herod had the weapons of war in his custody, he could weapons of war in his custody, he could weapons of war in his custody, he could never have a thought of any such thing. never have a thought of any such thing. never have a thought of any such thing. So, Antipater, perceiving the distress So, Antipater, perceiving the distress So, Antipater, perceiving the distress that Malichus was in, was reconciled to that Malichus was in, was reconciled to that Malichus was in, was reconciled to him, and made an agreement with him. him, and made an agreement with him. him, and made an agreement with him. This was when Marcus was president of This was when Marcus was president of This was when Marcus was president of Syria, who yet perceiving that this Syria, who yet perceiving that this Syria, who yet perceiving that this Malichus was making a disturbance in Malichus was making a disturbance in Malichus was making a disturbance in Judea, proceeded so far that he had Judea, proceeded so far that he had Judea, proceeded so far that he had almost killed him. But still, at the almost killed him. But still, at the almost killed him. But still, at the intercession of Antipater, he saved him. intercession of Antipater, he saved him. intercession of Antipater, he saved him. However, Antipater little thought that However, Antipater little thought that However, Antipater little thought that by saving Malichus, he had saved his own by saving Malichus, he had saved his own by saving Malichus, he had saved his own murderer. murderer. murderer. For now Cassius and Marcus had got For now Cassius and Marcus had got For now Cassius and Marcus had got together an army, and entrusted the together an army, and entrusted the together an army, and entrusted the entire care of it with Herod, and made entire care of it with Herod, and made entire care of it with Herod, and made him general of the forces of him general of the forces of him general of the forces of Coele-Syria, and gave him a fleet of Coele-Syria, and gave him a fleet of Coele-Syria, and gave him a fleet of ships, and an army of horsemen and ships, and an army of horsemen and ships, and an army of horsemen and footmen, and promised him that after the footmen, and promised him that after the footmen, and promised him that after the war was over, they would make him king war was over, they would make him king war was over, they would make him king of Judea. For a war was already begun of Judea. For a war was already begun of Judea. For a war was already begun between Antony and the younger Caesar.

between Antony and the younger Caesar. between Antony and the younger Caesar. But as Malichus was most afraid of But as Malichus was most afraid of But as Malichus was most afraid of Antipater, he took him out of the way, Antipater, he took him out of the way, Antipater, he took him out of the way, and by the offer of money persuaded the and by the offer of money persuaded the and by the offer of money persuaded the butler of Hyrcanus, with whom they were butler of Hyrcanus, with whom they were butler of Hyrcanus, with whom they were both to feast, to kill him by poison. both to feast, to kill him by poison. both to feast, to kill him by poison. This being done, and he having armed men This being done, and he having armed men This being done, and he having armed men with him, settled the affairs of the with him, settled the affairs of the with him, settled the affairs of the city. city. city. But when Antipater's sons, Herod and But when Antipater's sons, Herod and But when Antipater's sons, Herod and Phasaelus, were acquainted with this Phasaelus, were acquainted with this Phasaelus, were acquainted with this conspiracy against their father, and had conspiracy against their father, and had conspiracy against their father, and had indignation at it, Malichus denied all, indignation at it, Malichus denied all, indignation at it, Malichus denied all, and utterly renounced any knowledge of and utterly renounced any knowledge of and utterly renounced any knowledge of the murder. And thus died Antipater, a the murder. And thus died Antipater, a the murder. And thus died Antipater, a man that had distinguished himself for man that had distinguished himself for man that had distinguished himself for piety and justice, and love to his piety and justice, and love to his piety and justice, and love to his country. country. country. And whereas one of his sons, Herod, And whereas one of his sons, Herod, And whereas one of his sons, Herod, resolved immediately to revenge his resolved immediately to revenge his resolved immediately to revenge his father's death, and was coming upon father's death, and was coming upon father's death, and was coming upon Malichus with an army for that purpose, Malichus with an army for that purpose, Malichus with an army for that purpose, the elder of his sons, Phasaelus, the elder of his sons, Phasaelus, the elder of his sons, Phasaelus, thought it best rather to get this man thought it best rather to get this man thought it best rather to get this man into their hands by policy, lest they into their hands by policy, lest they into their hands by policy, lest they should appear to begin a civil war in should appear to begin a civil war in should appear to begin a civil war in the country.

the country. the country. So, he accepted of Malichus's defense So, he accepted of Malichus's defense So, he accepted of Malichus's defense for himself and pretended to believe him for himself and pretended to believe him for himself and pretended to believe him that he had had no hand in the violent that he had had no hand in the violent that he had had no hand in the violent death of Antipater, his father, but death of Antipater, his father, but death of Antipater, his father, but erected a fine monument for him. erected a fine monument for him. erected a fine monument for him. Herod also went to Samaria, and when he Herod also went to Samaria, and when he Herod also went to Samaria, and when he found them in great distress, he revived found them in great distress, he revived found them in great distress, he revived their spirits and composed their their spirits and composed their their spirits and composed their differences. differences. differences. However, a little after this, Herod, However, a little after this, Herod, However, a little after this, Herod, upon the approach of a festival, came upon the approach of a festival, came upon the approach of a festival, came with his soldiers into the city, with his soldiers into the city, with his soldiers into the city, whereupon Malichus was affrighted and whereupon Malichus was affrighted and whereupon Malichus was affrighted and persuaded Hyrcanus not to permit him to persuaded Hyrcanus not to permit him to persuaded Hyrcanus not to permit him to come into the city. Hyrcanus complied, come into the city. Hyrcanus complied, come into the city. Hyrcanus complied, and for a pretense of excluding him, and for a pretense of excluding him, and for a pretense of excluding him, alleged that a route of strangers ought alleged that a route of strangers ought alleged that a route of strangers ought not to be admitted when the multitude not to be admitted when the multitude not to be admitted when the multitude were purifying themselves. were purifying themselves. were purifying themselves. But Herod had little regard to the But Herod had little regard to the But Herod had little regard to the messengers that were sent to him and messengers that were sent to him and messengers that were sent to him and entered the city in the night time and entered the city in the night time and entered the city in the night time and affrighted Malichus. Yet did he remit affrighted Malichus. Yet did he remit affrighted Malichus. Yet did he remit nothing of his former dissimulation, but nothing of his former dissimulation, but nothing of his former dissimulation, but wept for Antipater and bewailed him as a wept for Antipater and bewailed him as a wept for Antipater and bewailed him as a friend of his with a loud voice. But friend of his with a loud voice. But friend of his with a loud voice. But Herod and his friends thought it proper Herod and his friends thought it proper Herod and his friends thought it proper not openly to contradict Malichus's not openly to contradict Malichus's not openly to contradict Malichus's hypocrisy, but to give him tokens of hypocrisy, but to give him tokens of hypocrisy, but to give him tokens of mutual friendship in order to prevent mutual friendship in order to prevent mutual friendship in order to prevent his suspicion of them.

his suspicion of them. his suspicion of them. However, Herod sent to Cassius and However, Herod sent to Cassius and However, Herod sent to Cassius and informed him of the murder of his informed him of the murder of his informed him of the murder of his father, who, knowing what sort of man father, who, knowing what sort of man father, who, knowing what sort of man Malichus was as to his morals, sent him Malichus was as to his morals, sent him Malichus was as to his morals, sent him back word that he should revenge his back word that he should revenge his back word that he should revenge his father's death. And also sent privately father's death. And also sent privately father's death. And also sent privately to the commanders of his army at Tyre to the commanders of his army at Tyre to the commanders of his army at Tyre with orders to assist Herod in the with orders to assist Herod in the with orders to assist Herod in the execution of a very just design of his. execution of a very just design of his. execution of a very just design of his. Now, when Cassius had taken Laodicea, Now, when Cassius had taken Laodicea, Now, when Cassius had taken Laodicea, they all went together to him and they all went together to him and they all went together to him and carried him garlands and money. And carried him garlands and money. And carried him garlands and money. And Herod thought that Malichus might be Herod thought that Malichus might be Herod thought that Malichus might be punished while he was there. But he was punished while he was there. But he was punished while he was there. But he was somewhat apprehensive of the thing and somewhat apprehensive of the thing and somewhat apprehensive of the thing and designed to make some great attempt. And designed to make some great attempt. And designed to make some great attempt. And because his son was then a hostage at because his son was then a hostage at because his son was then a hostage at Tyre, he went to that city and resolved Tyre, he went to that city and resolved Tyre, he went to that city and resolved to steal him away privately and to march to steal him away privately and to march to steal him away privately and to march thence into Judea. thence into Judea. thence into Judea. And as Cassius was in haste to march And as Cassius was in haste to march And as Cassius was in haste to march against Antony, he thought to bring the against Antony, he thought to bring the against Antony, he thought to bring the country to revolt and to procure the country to revolt and to procure the country to revolt and to procure the government for himself. government for himself. government for himself. But providence opposed his counsels. And But providence opposed his counsels. And But providence opposed his counsels. And Herod being a shrewd man and perceiving Herod being a shrewd man and perceiving Herod being a shrewd man and perceiving what his intention was, he sent thither what his intention was, he sent thither what his intention was, he sent thither beforehand a servant in appearance beforehand a servant in appearance beforehand a servant in appearance indeed to get a supper ready, for he had indeed to get a supper ready, for he had indeed to get a supper ready, for he had said before that he would feast them all said before that he would feast them all said before that he would feast them all there. But in reality, to the commanders there. But in reality, to the commanders there. But in reality, to the commanders of the army, whom he persuaded to go out of the army, whom he persuaded to go out of the army, whom he persuaded to go out against Malichus with their daggers.

against Malichus with their daggers. against Malichus with their daggers. So, they went out and met the man near So, they went out and met the man near So, they went out and met the man near the city upon the seashore and there the city upon the seashore and there the city upon the seashore and there stabbed him. stabbed him. stabbed him. Whereupon Hyrcanus was so astonished at Whereupon Hyrcanus was so astonished at Whereupon Hyrcanus was so astonished at what had happened that his speech failed what had happened that his speech failed what had happened that his speech failed him. And when after some difficulty, he him. And when after some difficulty, he him. And when after some difficulty, he had recovered himself, he asked Herod had recovered himself, he asked Herod had recovered himself, he asked Herod what the matter could be and who it was what the matter could be and who it was what the matter could be and who it was that slew Malichus. And when he said that slew Malichus. And when he said that slew Malichus. And when he said that it was done by the command of that it was done by the command of that it was done by the command of Cassius, he commended the action for Cassius, he commended the action for Cassius, he commended the action for that Malichus was a very wicked man and that Malichus was a very wicked man and that Malichus was a very wicked man and one that conspired against his own one that conspired against his own one that conspired against his own country. country. country. And this was the punishment that was And this was the punishment that was And this was the punishment that was inflicted on Malichus for what he inflicted on Malichus for what he inflicted on Malichus for what he wickedly did to Antipater. wickedly did to Antipater. wickedly did to Antipater. But when Cassius was marched out of But when Cassius was marched out of But when Cassius was marched out of Syria, disturbances arose in Judea. For Syria, disturbances arose in Judea. For Syria, disturbances arose in Judea. For Felix, who was left at Jerusalem with an Felix, who was left at Jerusalem with an Felix, who was left at Jerusalem with an army, made a sudden attempt against army, made a sudden attempt against army, made a sudden attempt against Phasaelus and the people themselves rose Phasaelus and the people themselves rose Phasaelus and the people themselves rose in arms. But Herod went to Fabius, the in arms. But Herod went to Fabius, the in arms. But Herod went to Fabius, the prefect of Damascus, and was desirous to prefect of Damascus, and was desirous to prefect of Damascus, and was desirous to run to his brother's assistance, but was run to his brother's assistance, but was run to his brother's assistance, but was hindered by a distemper that seized upon hindered by a distemper that seized upon hindered by a distemper that seized upon him till Phasaelus by himself had been him till Phasaelus by himself had been him till Phasaelus by himself had been too hard for Felix, and had shut him up too hard for Felix, and had shut him up too hard for Felix, and had shut him up in the tower, and there on certain in the tower, and there on certain in the tower, and there on certain conditions dismissed him.

conditions dismissed him. conditions dismissed him. Phasaelus also complained of Hyrcanus Phasaelus also complained of Hyrcanus Phasaelus also complained of Hyrcanus that although he had received a great that although he had received a great that although he had received a great many benefits from them, yet did he many benefits from them, yet did he many benefits from them, yet did he support their enemies. For Malichus' support their enemies. For Malichus' support their enemies. For Malichus' brother had made many places to revolt, brother had made many places to revolt, brother had made many places to revolt, and kept garrisons in them, and and kept garrisons in them, and and kept garrisons in them, and particularly Masada, the strongest particularly Masada, the strongest particularly Masada, the strongest fortress of them all. fortress of them all. fortress of them all. In the meantime, Herod was recovered of In the meantime, Herod was recovered of In the meantime, Herod was recovered of his disease, and came and took from his disease, and came and took from his disease, and came and took from Felix all the places he had gotten, and Felix all the places he had gotten, and Felix all the places he had gotten, and upon certain conditions dismissed him upon certain conditions dismissed him upon certain conditions dismissed him also. also. also. Chapter 12. Herod ejects Antigonus, the Chapter 12. Herod ejects Antigonus, the Chapter 12. Herod ejects Antigonus, the son of Aristobulus, out of Judea, and son of Aristobulus, out of Judea, and son of Aristobulus, out of Judea, and gains the friendship of Antony, who was gains the friendship of Antony, who was gains the friendship of Antony, who was now come into Syria by sending him much now come into Syria by sending him much now come into Syria by sending him much money, on which account he would not money, on which account he would not money, on which account he would not admit of those that would have accused admit of those that would have accused admit of those that would have accused Herod. And what it was that Antony wrote Herod. And what it was that Antony wrote Herod. And what it was that Antony wrote to the Tyrians in behalf. to the Tyrians in behalf. to the Tyrians in behalf. Now, Ptolemy, the son of Menneus, Now, Ptolemy, the son of Menneus, Now, Ptolemy, the son of Menneus, brought back into Judea Antigonus, the brought back into Judea Antigonus, the brought back into Judea Antigonus, the son of Aristobulus, who had already son of Aristobulus, who had already son of Aristobulus, who had already raised an army and had by money made raised an army and had by money made raised an army and had by money made Fabius to be his friend.

Fabius to be his friend. Fabius to be his friend. Add this because he was of kin to him. Add this because he was of kin to him. Add this because he was of kin to him. Marion also gave him assistance. He had Marion also gave him assistance. He had Marion also gave him assistance. He had been left by Cassius to tyrannize over been left by Cassius to tyrannize over been left by Cassius to tyrannize over Tyre. Tyre. Tyre. For this Cassius was a man that seized For this Cassius was a man that seized For this Cassius was a man that seized on Syria, and then kept it under in the on Syria, and then kept it under in the on Syria, and then kept it under in the way of a tyrant. way of a tyrant. way of a tyrant. Marion also marched into Galilee, which Marion also marched into Galilee, which Marion also marched into Galilee, which lay in his neighborhood, and took three lay in his neighborhood, and took three lay in his neighborhood, and took three of his fortresses, and put garrisons of his fortresses, and put garrisons of his fortresses, and put garrisons into them to keep them. into them to keep them. into them to keep them. But when Herod came, he took all from But when Herod came, he took all from But when Herod came, he took all from him. But the Tyrian garrison he him. But the Tyrian garrison he him. But the Tyrian garrison he dismissed in a very civil manner. Nay, dismissed in a very civil manner. Nay, dismissed in a very civil manner. Nay, to some of the soldiers he made presents to some of the soldiers he made presents to some of the soldiers he made presents out of the goodwill he bare to that out of the goodwill he bare to that out of the goodwill he bare to that city. city. city. When he had dispatched these affairs, When he had dispatched these affairs, When he had dispatched these affairs, and was gone to meet Antigonus, he and was gone to meet Antigonus, he and was gone to meet Antigonus, he joined battle with him, and beat him, joined battle with him, and beat him, joined battle with him, and beat him, and drove him out of Judea presently, and drove him out of Judea presently, and drove him out of Judea presently, when he was just come into its borders. when he was just come into its borders. when he was just come into its borders. But when he was come to Jerusalem, But when he was come to Jerusalem, But when he was come to Jerusalem, Hyrcanus and the people put garlands Hyrcanus and the people put garlands Hyrcanus and the people put garlands about his head, for he had already about his head, for he had already about his head, for he had already contracted an affinity with the family contracted an affinity with the family contracted an affinity with the family of Hyrcanus by having espoused a of Hyrcanus by having espoused a of Hyrcanus by having espoused a descendant of his. And for that reason, descendant of his. And for that reason, descendant of his. And for that reason, Herod took the greater care of him, as Herod took the greater care of him, as Herod took the greater care of him, as being to marry the daughter of being to marry the daughter of being to marry the daughter of Alexander, the son of Aristobulus, and Alexander, the son of Aristobulus, and Alexander, the son of Aristobulus, and the granddaughter of Hyrcanus, by which the granddaughter of Hyrcanus, by which the granddaughter of Hyrcanus, by which wife he became the father of three male wife he became the father of three male wife he became the father of three male and two female children.

and two female children. and two female children. He had also married before this another He had also married before this another He had also married before this another wife out of a lower family of his own wife out of a lower family of his own wife out of a lower family of his own nation, whose name was Doris, by whom he nation, whose name was Doris, by whom he nation, whose name was Doris, by whom he had his eldest son, Antipater. had his eldest son, Antipater. had his eldest son, Antipater. Now, Antonius and Caesar had beaten Now, Antonius and Caesar had beaten Now, Antonius and Caesar had beaten Cassius near Philippi, as others have Cassius near Philippi, as others have Cassius near Philippi, as others have related. But after the victory, Caesar related. But after the victory, Caesar related. But after the victory, Caesar went into Gaul, Italy, and Antony went into Gaul, Italy, and Antony went into Gaul, Italy, and Antony marched for Asia, who, when he was marched for Asia, who, when he was marched for Asia, who, when he was arrived at Bithynia, he had ambassadors arrived at Bithynia, he had ambassadors arrived at Bithynia, he had ambassadors that met him from all parts. that met him from all parts. that met him from all parts. The principal men also of the Jews came The principal men also of the Jews came The principal men also of the Jews came thither to accuse Phasaelus and Herod. thither to accuse Phasaelus and Herod. thither to accuse Phasaelus and Herod. And they said that Hyrcanus had indeed And they said that Hyrcanus had indeed And they said that Hyrcanus had indeed the appearance of reigning, but that the appearance of reigning, but that the appearance of reigning, but that these men had all the power. But Antony these men had all the power. But Antony these men had all the power. But Antony paid great respect to Herod, who was paid great respect to Herod, who was paid great respect to Herod, who was come to him to make his defense against come to him to make his defense against come to him to make his defense against his accusers, on which account his his accusers, on which account his his accusers, on which account his adversaries could not so much as obtain adversaries could not so much as obtain adversaries could not so much as obtain a hearing. Which favor Herod had gained a hearing. Which favor Herod had gained a hearing. Which favor Herod had gained of Antony by money. of Antony by money. of Antony by money. But still, when Antony was come to But still, when Antony was come to But still, when Antony was come to Ephesus, Hyrcanus the high priest and Ephesus, Hyrcanus the high priest and Ephesus, Hyrcanus the high priest and our nation sent an ambassage to him, our nation sent an ambassage to him, our nation sent an ambassage to him, which carried a crown of gold with them, which carried a crown of gold with them, which carried a crown of gold with them, and desired that he would write to the and desired that he would write to the and desired that he would write to the governors of the provinces to set those governors of the provinces to set those governors of the provinces to set those Jews free who had been carried captive Jews free who had been carried captive Jews free who had been carried captive by Cassius, and this without their by Cassius, and this without their by Cassius, and this without their having fought against him, and to having fought against him, and to having fought against him, and to restore them that country which in the restore them that country which in the restore them that country which in the days of Cassius had been taken from days of Cassius had been taken from days of Cassius had been taken from them.

them. them. Antony thought the Jews' desires were Antony thought the Jews' desires were Antony thought the Jews' desires were just, and wrote immediately to Hyrcanus just, and wrote immediately to Hyrcanus just, and wrote immediately to Hyrcanus and to the Jews. He also sent at the and to the Jews. He also sent at the and to the Jews. He also sent at the same time a decree to the Tyrians, the same time a decree to the Tyrians, the same time a decree to the Tyrians, the contents of which were to the same contents of which were to the same contents of which were to the same purpose. purpose. purpose. "Quote, Marcus Antonius Imperator to "Quote, Marcus Antonius Imperator to "Quote, Marcus Antonius Imperator to Hyrcanus the high priest and ethnarch of Hyrcanus the high priest and ethnarch of Hyrcanus the high priest and ethnarch of the Jews sendeth greeting. If you be in the Jews sendeth greeting. If you be in the Jews sendeth greeting. If you be in health, it is well. I am also in health health, it is well. I am also in health health, it is well. I am also in health with the army. with the army. with the army. Lysimachus, the son of Pausanias, and Lysimachus, the son of Pausanias, and Lysimachus, the son of Pausanias, and Josephus, the son of Menneus, and Josephus, the son of Menneus, and Josephus, the son of Menneus, and Alexander, the son of Theodorus, your Alexander, the son of Theodorus, your Alexander, the son of Theodorus, your ambassadors, met me at Ephesus and have ambassadors, met me at Ephesus and have ambassadors, met me at Ephesus and have renewed the embassy which they had renewed the embassy which they had renewed the embassy which they had formerly been upon at Rome, and have formerly been upon at Rome, and have formerly been upon at Rome, and have diligently acquitted themselves of the diligently acquitted themselves of the diligently acquitted themselves of the present embassy which thou and thy present embassy which thou and thy present embassy which thou and thy nation have entrusted to them, and have nation have entrusted to them, and have nation have entrusted to them, and have fully declared the goodwill thou hast fully declared the goodwill thou hast fully declared the goodwill thou hast for us. I am therefore satisfied both by for us. I am therefore satisfied both by for us. I am therefore satisfied both by your actions and your words that you are your actions and your words that you are your actions and your words that you are well disposed to us, and I understand well disposed to us, and I understand well disposed to us, and I understand that your conduct of life is constant that your conduct of life is constant that your conduct of life is constant and religious. So, I reckon upon you as and religious. So, I reckon upon you as and religious. So, I reckon upon you as our own. But when those that were our own. But when those that were our own. But when those that were adversaries to you and to the Roman adversaries to you and to the Roman adversaries to you and to the Roman people abstained neither from cities nor people abstained neither from cities nor people abstained neither from cities nor temples and did not observe the temples and did not observe the temples and did not observe the agreement they had confirmed by oath, it agreement they had confirmed by oath, it agreement they had confirmed by oath, it was not only on account of our contest was not only on account of our contest was not only on account of our contest with them, but on account of all mankind with them, but on account of all mankind with them, but on account of all mankind in common that we have taken vengeance in common that we have taken vengeance in common that we have taken vengeance on those who have been the authors of on those who have been the authors of on those who have been the authors of great injustice towards men and of great

great injustice towards men and of great great injustice towards men and of great wickedness towards the gods. For the wickedness towards the gods. For the wickedness towards the gods. For the sake of which we suppose it was that the sake of which we suppose it was that the sake of which we suppose it was that the sun turned away his light from us as sun turned away his light from us as sun turned away his light from us as unwilling to view the horrid crime they unwilling to view the horrid crime they unwilling to view the horrid crime they were guilty of in the case of Caesar. were guilty of in the case of Caesar. were guilty of in the case of Caesar. We have also overcome their conspiracies We have also overcome their conspiracies We have also overcome their conspiracies which threatened the gods themselves, which threatened the gods themselves, which threatened the gods themselves, which Macedonia received as it is a which Macedonia received as it is a which Macedonia received as it is a climate peculiarly proper for impious climate peculiarly proper for impious climate peculiarly proper for impious and insolent attempts. and insolent attempts. and insolent attempts. And we have overcome that confused route And we have overcome that confused route And we have overcome that confused route of men half mad with spite against us, of men half mad with spite against us, of men half mad with spite against us, which they got together at Philippi in which they got together at Philippi in which they got together at Philippi in Macedonia when they seized on the places Macedonia when they seized on the places Macedonia when they seized on the places that were proper for their purpose, and that were proper for their purpose, and that were proper for their purpose, and as it were walled them round with as it were walled them round with as it were walled them round with mountains to the very sea, and where the mountains to the very sea, and where the mountains to the very sea, and where the passage was open only through a single passage was open only through a single passage was open only through a single gate. gate. gate. This victory we gained because the gods This victory we gained because the gods This victory we gained because the gods had condemned those men for their wicked had condemned those men for their wicked had condemned those men for their wicked enterprises. enterprises. enterprises. Now Brutus, when he had fled as far as Now Brutus, when he had fled as far as Now Brutus, when he had fled as far as Philippi, was shut up by us and became a Philippi, was shut up by us and became a Philippi, was shut up by us and became a partaker of the same perdition with partaker of the same perdition with partaker of the same perdition with Cassius.

Cassius. Cassius. And now these have received their And now these have received their And now these have received their punishment, we suppose that we may enjoy punishment, we suppose that we may enjoy punishment, we suppose that we may enjoy for the time to come and that Asia may for the time to come and that Asia may for the time to come and that Asia may be at rest from war. be at rest from war. be at rest from war. We therefore make that peace which God We therefore make that peace which God We therefore make that peace which God hath given us common to our confederates hath given us common to our confederates hath given us common to our confederates also, insomuch that the body of Asia is also, insomuch that the body of Asia is also, insomuch that the body of Asia is now recovered out of that distemper it now recovered out of that distemper it now recovered out of that distemper it was under by the means of our victory. was under by the means of our victory. was under by the means of our victory. I therefore, bearing in mind both thee I therefore, bearing in mind both thee I therefore, bearing in mind both thee and your nation, shall take care of what and your nation, shall take care of what and your nation, shall take care of what may be for your advantage. I have also may be for your advantage. I have also may be for your advantage. I have also sent epistles in writing to the several sent epistles in writing to the several sent epistles in writing to the several cities that if any persons, whether free cities that if any persons, whether free cities that if any persons, whether free men or bond men, have been sold under men or bond men, have been sold under men or bond men, have been sold under the spear by Caius Cassius or his the spear by Caius Cassius or his the spear by Caius Cassius or his subordinate officers, they may be set subordinate officers, they may be set subordinate officers, they may be set free. And I will that you kindly make free. And I will that you kindly make free. And I will that you kindly make use of the favors which I and Dolabella use of the favors which I and Dolabella use of the favors which I and Dolabella have granted you. have granted you. have granted you. I also forbid the Tyrians to use any I also forbid the Tyrians to use any I also forbid the Tyrians to use any violence with you, and for what places violence with you, and for what places violence with you, and for what places of the Jews they now possess, I order of the Jews they now possess, I order of the Jews they now possess, I order them to restore them. I have withal them to restore them. I have withal them to restore them. I have withal accepted of the crown which thou sentest accepted of the crown which thou sentest accepted of the crown which thou sentest me.

me. me. End quote. End quote. End quote. Quote, Marcus Antonius Imperator to the Quote, Marcus Antonius Imperator to the Quote, Marcus Antonius Imperator to the magistrates, senate, and people of Tyre magistrates, senate, and people of Tyre magistrates, senate, and people of Tyre sendeth greeting. sendeth greeting. sendeth greeting. The ambassadors of Hyrcanus the high The ambassadors of Hyrcanus the high The ambassadors of Hyrcanus the high priest and ethnarch of the Jews appeared priest and ethnarch of the Jews appeared priest and ethnarch of the Jews appeared before me at Ephesus and told me that before me at Ephesus and told me that before me at Ephesus and told me that you are in possession of part of their you are in possession of part of their you are in possession of part of their country which you entered upon under the country which you entered upon under the country which you entered upon under the government of our adversaries. government of our adversaries. government of our adversaries. Since therefore we have undertaken a war Since therefore we have undertaken a war Since therefore we have undertaken a war for the obtaining the government and for the obtaining the government and for the obtaining the government and have taken care to do what was agreeable have taken care to do what was agreeable have taken care to do what was agreeable to piety and justice and have brought to to piety and justice and have brought to to piety and justice and have brought to punishment those that had neither any punishment those that had neither any punishment those that had neither any remembrance of the kindnesses they had remembrance of the kindnesses they had remembrance of the kindnesses they had received nor have kept their oaths. I received nor have kept their oaths. I received nor have kept their oaths. I will that you be at peace with those will that you be at peace with those will that you be at peace with those that are our confederates. As also that that are our confederates. As also that that are our confederates. As also that what you have taken by the means of our what you have taken by the means of our what you have taken by the means of our adversaries shall not be reckoned your adversaries shall not be reckoned your adversaries shall not be reckoned your own but be returned to those from whom own but be returned to those from whom own but be returned to those from whom you took them. For none of them took you took them. For none of them took you took them. For none of them took their provinces or their armies by the their provinces or their armies by the their provinces or their armies by the gift of the senate. But they seized them gift of the senate. But they seized them gift of the senate. But they seized them by force and bestowed them by violence by force and bestowed them by violence by force and bestowed them by violence upon such as became useful to them in upon such as became useful to them in upon such as became useful to them in their unjust proceedings.

their unjust proceedings. their unjust proceedings. Since therefore these men have received Since therefore these men have received Since therefore these men have received the punishment due to them. We desire the punishment due to them. We desire the punishment due to them. We desire that our confederates may retain that our confederates may retain that our confederates may retain whatsoever it was that they formerly whatsoever it was that they formerly whatsoever it was that they formerly possessed without disturbance and that possessed without disturbance and that possessed without disturbance and that you restore all the places which belong you restore all the places which belong you restore all the places which belong to Hyrcanus the ethnarch of the Jews to Hyrcanus the ethnarch of the Jews to Hyrcanus the ethnarch of the Jews which you have had though it were but which you have had though it were but which you have had though it were but one day before Caius Cassius began an one day before Caius Cassius began an one day before Caius Cassius began an unjustifiable war against us and entered unjustifiable war against us and entered unjustifiable war against us and entered into our province. into our province. into our province. Nor do you use any force against him in Nor do you use any force against him in Nor do you use any force against him in order to weaken him that he may not be order to weaken him that he may not be order to weaken him that he may not be able to dispose of that which is his able to dispose of that which is his able to dispose of that which is his own. But if you have any contest with own. But if you have any contest with own. But if you have any contest with him about your respective rights, it him about your respective rights, it him about your respective rights, it shall be lawful for you to plead your shall be lawful for you to plead your shall be lawful for you to plead your cause when we come upon the places cause when we come upon the places cause when we come upon the places concerned, for we shall alike preserve concerned, for we shall alike preserve concerned, for we shall alike preserve the rights and hear all the causes of the rights and hear all the causes of the rights and hear all the causes of our confederates." End quote. our confederates." End quote. our confederates." End quote. Quote, "Marcus Antonius, Imperator, to Quote, "Marcus Antonius, Imperator, to Quote, "Marcus Antonius, Imperator, to the magistrates, senate, and people of the magistrates, senate, and people of the magistrates, senate, and people of Tyre, sendeth greeting. Tyre, sendeth greeting. Tyre, sendeth greeting. I have sent you my decree, of which I I have sent you my decree, of which I I have sent you my decree, of which I will that you take care that it be will that you take care that it be will that you take care that it be engraven on the public tables in Roman engraven on the public tables in Roman engraven on the public tables in Roman and Greek letters, and that it stand and Greek letters, and that it stand and Greek letters, and that it stand engraven in the most illustrious places, engraven in the most illustrious places, engraven in the most illustrious places, that it may be read by all. Marcus that it may be read by all. Marcus that it may be read by all. Marcus Antonius, Imperator, one of the Antonius, Imperator, one of the Antonius, Imperator, one of the triumvirate over the public affairs, triumvirate over the public affairs, triumvirate over the public affairs, made this declaration.

made this declaration. made this declaration. Since Caius Cassius, in this revolt he Since Caius Cassius, in this revolt he Since Caius Cassius, in this revolt he hath made, hath pillaged that province hath made, hath pillaged that province hath made, hath pillaged that province which belonged not to him, and was held which belonged not to him, and was held which belonged not to him, and was held by garrisons there encamped while they by garrisons there encamped while they by garrisons there encamped while they were our confederates, and hath spoiled were our confederates, and hath spoiled were our confederates, and hath spoiled that nation of the Jews that was in that nation of the Jews that was in that nation of the Jews that was in friendship with the Roman people, as in friendship with the Roman people, as in friendship with the Roman people, as in war, and since we have overcome his war, and since we have overcome his war, and since we have overcome his madness by arms, we now correct by our madness by arms, we now correct by our madness by arms, we now correct by our decrees and judicial determinations what decrees and judicial determinations what decrees and judicial determinations what he hath laid waste, that those things he hath laid waste, that those things he hath laid waste, that those things may be restored to our confederates. may be restored to our confederates. may be restored to our confederates. And as for what hath been sold of the And as for what hath been sold of the And as for what hath been sold of the Jewish possessions, whether they be Jewish possessions, whether they be Jewish possessions, whether they be bodies or possessions, let them be bodies or possessions, let them be bodies or possessions, let them be released, the bodies into that state of released, the bodies into that state of released, the bodies into that state of freedom they were originally in, and the freedom they were originally in, and the freedom they were originally in, and the possessions to their former owners. I possessions to their former owners. I possessions to their former owners. I also will that he who shall not comply also will that he who shall not comply also will that he who shall not comply with this decree of mine shall be with this decree of mine shall be with this decree of mine shall be punished for his disobedience. punished for his disobedience. punished for his disobedience. And if such a one be caught, I will take And if such a one be caught, I will take And if such a one be caught, I will take care that the offenders suffer condign care that the offenders suffer condign care that the offenders suffer condign punishment." End quote.

punishment." End quote. punishment." End quote. The same thing did Antony write to the The same thing did Antony write to the The same thing did Antony write to the Sidonians and the Antiochenes and the Sidonians and the Antiochenes and the Sidonians and the Antiochenes and the Aradians. We have produced these Aradians. We have produced these Aradians. We have produced these decrees, therefore, as marks for decrees, therefore, as marks for decrees, therefore, as marks for futurity of the truth of what we have futurity of the truth of what we have futurity of the truth of what we have said, that the Romans had a great said, that the Romans had a great said, that the Romans had a great concern about our nation. concern about our nation. concern about our nation. End of Book 14, chapters 11 and 12. Book 14, chapters 13 and 14 of The Book 14, chapters 13 and 14 of The Antiquities of the Jews, volume 3. Antiquities of the Jews, volume 3. Antiquities of the Jews, volume 3. This is a LibriVox recording. All This is a LibriVox recording. All This is a LibriVox recording. All LibriVox recordings are in the public LibriVox recordings are in the public LibriVox recordings are in the public domain. domain. domain. For more information or to volunteer, For more information or to volunteer, For more information or to volunteer, please visit librivox.org. please visit librivox.org. please visit librivox.org. The Antiquities of the Jews, volume 3, The Antiquities of the Jews, volume 3, The Antiquities of the Jews, volume 3, by Flavius Josephus, translated by by Flavius Josephus, translated by by Flavius Josephus, translated by William Whiston. Book 14, chapters 13 William Whiston. Book 14, chapters 13 William Whiston. Book 14, chapters 13 and 14. and 14. and 14. Chapter 13. How Antony made Herod and Chapter 13. How Antony made Herod and Chapter 13. How Antony made Herod and Phasaelus tetrarchs after they had been Phasaelus tetrarchs after they had been Phasaelus tetrarchs after they had been accused to no purpose.

accused to no purpose. accused to no purpose. And how the Parthians, when they brought And how the Parthians, when they brought And how the Parthians, when they brought Antigonus into Judea, took Hyrcanus and Antigonus into Judea, took Hyrcanus and Antigonus into Judea, took Hyrcanus and Phasaelus captives. Phasaelus captives. Phasaelus captives. Herod's flight, and what afflictions Herod's flight, and what afflictions Herod's flight, and what afflictions Hyrcanus and Phasaelus endured. Hyrcanus and Phasaelus endured. Hyrcanus and Phasaelus endured. When after this Antony came into Syria, When after this Antony came into Syria, When after this Antony came into Syria, Cleopatra met him in Cilicia and brought Cleopatra met him in Cilicia and brought Cleopatra met him in Cilicia and brought him to fall in love with her. him to fall in love with her. him to fall in love with her. And there came now also a hundred of the And there came now also a hundred of the And there came now also a hundred of the most potent of the Jews to accuse Herod most potent of the Jews to accuse Herod most potent of the Jews to accuse Herod and those about him, and set the men of and those about him, and set the men of and those about him, and set the men of the greatest eloquence among them to the greatest eloquence among them to the greatest eloquence among them to speak. speak. speak. But Messala contradicted them on behalf But Messala contradicted them on behalf But Messala contradicted them on behalf of the young men, and all this in the of the young men, and all this in the of the young men, and all this in the presence of Hyrcanus, who was Herod's presence of Hyrcanus, who was Herod's presence of Hyrcanus, who was Herod's father-in-law already. father-in-law already. father-in-law already. When Antony had heard both sides at When Antony had heard both sides at When Antony had heard both sides at Daphne, he asked Hyrcanus who they were Daphne, he asked Hyrcanus who they were Daphne, he asked Hyrcanus who they were that governed the nation best. that governed the nation best. that governed the nation best. He replied, "Herod and his friends." He replied, "Herod and his friends." He replied, "Herod and his friends." Hereupon, Antony, by reason of the old Hereupon, Antony, by reason of the old Hereupon, Antony, by reason of the old hospitable friendship he had made with hospitable friendship he had made with hospitable friendship he had made with his father Antipater, at that time when his father Antipater, at that time when his father Antipater, at that time when he was with Gabinius, he made both Herod he was with Gabinius, he made both Herod he was with Gabinius, he made both Herod and Phasaelus tetrarchs, and committed and Phasaelus tetrarchs, and committed and Phasaelus tetrarchs, and committed the public affairs of the Jews to them, the public affairs of the Jews to them, the public affairs of the Jews to them, and wrote letters to that purpose. He and wrote letters to that purpose. He and wrote letters to that purpose. He also bound 15 of their adversaries and also bound 15 of their adversaries and also bound 15 of their adversaries and was going to kill them, but that Herod was going to kill them, but that Herod was going to kill them, but that Herod obtained their pardon.

obtained their pardon. obtained their pardon. Yet did not these men continue quiet Yet did not these men continue quiet Yet did not these men continue quiet when they were come back, but a thousand when they were come back, but a thousand when they were come back, but a thousand of the Jews came to Tyre to meet him of the Jews came to Tyre to meet him of the Jews came to Tyre to meet him there, whether the report was that he there, whether the report was that he there, whether the report was that he would come. would come. would come. But Antony was corrupted by the money But Antony was corrupted by the money But Antony was corrupted by the money which Herod and his brother had given which Herod and his brother had given which Herod and his brother had given him, and so he gave order to the him, and so he gave order to the him, and so he gave order to the governor of the place to punish the governor of the place to punish the governor of the place to punish the Jewish ambassadors who were for making Jewish ambassadors who were for making Jewish ambassadors who were for making innovations and to settle the government innovations and to settle the government innovations and to settle the government upon Herod. upon Herod. upon Herod. But Herod went out hastily to them, and But Herod went out hastily to them, and But Herod went out hastily to them, and Hyrcanus was with them, for they stood Hyrcanus was with them, for they stood Hyrcanus was with them, for they stood upon the shore before the city, and he upon the shore before the city, and he upon the shore before the city, and he charged them to go their ways because charged them to go their ways because charged them to go their ways because great mischief would befall them if they great mischief would befall them if they great mischief would befall them if they went on with their accusation. went on with their accusation. went on with their accusation. But they did not acquiesce, whereupon But they did not acquiesce, whereupon But they did not acquiesce, whereupon the Romans ran upon them with their the Romans ran upon them with their the Romans ran upon them with their daggers and slew some and wounded more daggers and slew some and wounded more daggers and slew some and wounded more of them, and the rest fled away and went of them, and the rest fled away and went of them, and the rest fled away and went home and lay still in great home and lay still in great home and lay still in great consternation. consternation. consternation. And when the people made a clamor And when the people made a clamor And when the people made a clamor against Herod, Antony was so provoked at against Herod, Antony was so provoked at against Herod, Antony was so provoked at it that he slew the prisoners.

it that he slew the prisoners. it that he slew the prisoners. Now, in the second year, Pacorus, the Now, in the second year, Pacorus, the Now, in the second year, Pacorus, the king of Parthia's son, and Barzapharnes, king of Parthia's son, and Barzapharnes, king of Parthia's son, and Barzapharnes, a commander of the Parthians, possessed a commander of the Parthians, possessed a commander of the Parthians, possessed themselves of Syria. themselves of Syria. themselves of Syria. Ptolemy, the son of Mennaeus, also was Ptolemy, the son of Mennaeus, also was Ptolemy, the son of Mennaeus, also was now dead, and Lysanias, his son, took now dead, and Lysanias, his son, took now dead, and Lysanias, his son, took his government and made a league of his government and made a league of his government and made a league of friendship with Antigonus, the son of friendship with Antigonus, the son of friendship with Antigonus, the son of Aristobulus. Aristobulus. Aristobulus. And in order to obtain it, made use of And in order to obtain it, made use of And in order to obtain it, made use of that commander who had great interest in that commander who had great interest in that commander who had great interest in him. him. him. Now, Antigonus had promised to give the Now, Antigonus had promised to give the Now, Antigonus had promised to give the Parthians a thousand talents and 500 Parthians a thousand talents and 500 Parthians a thousand talents and 500 women upon condition that they would women upon condition that they would women upon condition that they would take the government away from Hyrcanus take the government away from Hyrcanus take the government away from Hyrcanus and bestow it upon him, and withal kill and bestow it upon him, and withal kill and bestow it upon him, and withal kill Herod. Herod. Herod. And although he did not give them what And although he did not give them what And although he did not give them what he had promised, yet did the Parthians he had promised, yet did the Parthians he had promised, yet did the Parthians make an expedition into Judea on that make an expedition into Judea on that make an expedition into Judea on that account, and carried Antigonus with account, and carried Antigonus with account, and carried Antigonus with them. them. them. Pacorus went along the maritime parts, Pacorus went along the maritime parts, Pacorus went along the maritime parts, but the commander Barzapharnes through but the commander Barzapharnes through but the commander Barzapharnes through the midland. the midland. the midland. Now the Tyrians excluded Pacorus, but Now the Tyrians excluded Pacorus, but Now the Tyrians excluded Pacorus, but the Sidonians and those of Ptolemais the Sidonians and those of Ptolemais the Sidonians and those of Ptolemais received him.

received him. received him. However, Pacorus sent a troop of However, Pacorus sent a troop of However, Pacorus sent a troop of horsemen into Judea to take view of the horsemen into Judea to take view of the horsemen into Judea to take view of the state of the country and to assist state of the country and to assist state of the country and to assist Antigonus, and sent also the king's Antigonus, and sent also the king's Antigonus, and sent also the king's butler of the same name with himself. butler of the same name with himself. butler of the same name with himself. So when the Jews that dwelt about Mount So when the Jews that dwelt about Mount So when the Jews that dwelt about Mount Carmel came to Antigonus and were ready Carmel came to Antigonus and were ready Carmel came to Antigonus and were ready to march with him into Judea, Antigonus to march with him into Judea, Antigonus to march with him into Judea, Antigonus hoped to get some part of the country by hoped to get some part of the country by hoped to get some part of the country by their assistance. their assistance. their assistance. The place is called Dryme, and when some The place is called Dryme, and when some The place is called Dryme, and when some others came and met them, the men others came and met them, the men others came and met them, the men privately fell upon Jerusalem. And when privately fell upon Jerusalem. And when privately fell upon Jerusalem. And when some more were come to them, they got some more were come to them, they got some more were come to them, they got together in great numbers and came together in great numbers and came together in great numbers and came against the king's palace and besieged against the king's palace and besieged against the king's palace and besieged it. it. it. But as Phasaelus' and Herod's party came But as Phasaelus' and Herod's party came But as Phasaelus' and Herod's party came to the others' assistance, and a battle to the others' assistance, and a battle to the others' assistance, and a battle happened between them in the happened between them in the happened between them in the marketplace, the young men beat their marketplace, the young men beat their marketplace, the young men beat their enemies and pursued them into the enemies and pursued them into the enemies and pursued them into the temple, and sent some armed men into the temple, and sent some armed men into the temple, and sent some armed men into the adjoining houses to keep them in, who adjoining houses to keep them in, who adjoining houses to keep them in, who yet being destitute of such as should yet being destitute of such as should yet being destitute of such as should support them, were burnt and the houses support them, were burnt and the houses support them, were burnt and the houses with them by the people who rose up with them by the people who rose up with them by the people who rose up against them.

against them. against them. But Herod was revenged on these But Herod was revenged on these But Herod was revenged on these seditious adversaries of his a little seditious adversaries of his a little seditious adversaries of his a little afterward for this injury they had afterward for this injury they had afterward for this injury they had offered him when he fought with them and offered him when he fought with them and offered him when he fought with them and slew a great number of them. slew a great number of them. slew a great number of them. But while there were daily skirmishes, But while there were daily skirmishes, But while there were daily skirmishes, the enemy waited for the coming of the the enemy waited for the coming of the the enemy waited for the coming of the multitude out of the country to multitude out of the country to multitude out of the country to Pentecost, a feast of ours so-called. Pentecost, a feast of ours so-called. Pentecost, a feast of ours so-called. And when that day was come, many 10,000s And when that day was come, many 10,000s And when that day was come, many 10,000s of the people were gathered together of the people were gathered together of the people were gathered together about the temple, some in armor and some about the temple, some in armor and some about the temple, some in armor and some without. without. without. Now those that came guarded both the Now those that came guarded both the Now those that came guarded both the temple and the city, excepting what temple and the city, excepting what temple and the city, excepting what belonged to the palace, which Herod belonged to the palace, which Herod belonged to the palace, which Herod guarded with a few of his soldiers. guarded with a few of his soldiers. guarded with a few of his soldiers. And Phasaelus had the charge of the And Phasaelus had the charge of the And Phasaelus had the charge of the wall, while Herod with a body of his men wall, while Herod with a body of his men wall, while Herod with a body of his men sallied out upon the enemy who lay in sallied out upon the enemy who lay in sallied out upon the enemy who lay in the suburbs and fought courageously and the suburbs and fought courageously and the suburbs and fought courageously and put many 10,000s to flight, some flying put many 10,000s to flight, some flying put many 10,000s to flight, some flying into the city and some into the temple into the city and some into the temple into the city and some into the temple and some into the outer fortifications. and some into the outer fortifications. and some into the outer fortifications. For some such fortifications there were For some such fortifications there were For some such fortifications there were in that place.

in that place. in that place. Phasaelus came also to his assistance. Phasaelus came also to his assistance. Phasaelus came also to his assistance. Yet was Pacorus, the general of the Yet was Pacorus, the general of the Yet was Pacorus, the general of the Parthians, at the desire of Antigonus, Parthians, at the desire of Antigonus, Parthians, at the desire of Antigonus, admitted into the city with a few of his admitted into the city with a few of his admitted into the city with a few of his horsemen under pretense, indeed, as if horsemen under pretense, indeed, as if horsemen under pretense, indeed, as if he would still the sedition, but in he would still the sedition, but in he would still the sedition, but in reality to assist Antigonus in obtaining reality to assist Antigonus in obtaining reality to assist Antigonus in obtaining the government. the government. the government. And when Phasaelus met him and received And when Phasaelus met him and received And when Phasaelus met him and received him kindly, Pacorus persuaded him to go him kindly, Pacorus persuaded him to go him kindly, Pacorus persuaded him to go himself as ambassador to Barzapharnes, himself as ambassador to Barzapharnes, himself as ambassador to Barzapharnes, which was done fraudulently. which was done fraudulently. which was done fraudulently. Accordingly, Phasaelus, suspecting no Accordingly, Phasaelus, suspecting no Accordingly, Phasaelus, suspecting no harm, complied with his proposal, while harm, complied with his proposal, while harm, complied with his proposal, while Herod did not give his consent to what Herod did not give his consent to what Herod did not give his consent to what was done because of the perfidiousness was done because of the perfidiousness was done because of the perfidiousness of these barbarians, but desired of these barbarians, but desired of these barbarians, but desired Phasaelus rather to fight those that Phasaelus rather to fight those that Phasaelus rather to fight those that were come into the city. were come into the city. were come into the city. So, both Hyrcanus and Phasaelus went on So, both Hyrcanus and Phasaelus went on So, both Hyrcanus and Phasaelus went on the ambassage. the ambassage. the ambassage. But Pacorus left with Herod 200 horsemen But Pacorus left with Herod 200 horsemen But Pacorus left with Herod 200 horsemen and 10 men who were called the freemen and 10 men who were called the freemen and 10 men who were called the freemen and conducted the others on their and conducted the others on their and conducted the others on their journey. And when they were in Galilee, journey. And when they were in Galilee, journey. And when they were in Galilee, the governors of the cities there met the governors of the cities there met the governors of the cities there met them in their arms.

them in their arms. them in their arms. Barzapharnes also received them at the Barzapharnes also received them at the Barzapharnes also received them at the first with cheerfulness and made them first with cheerfulness and made them first with cheerfulness and made them presents, though he afterward conspired presents, though he afterward conspired presents, though he afterward conspired against them. against them. against them. And Phasaelus with his horsemen were And Phasaelus with his horsemen were And Phasaelus with his horsemen were conducted to the seaside. conducted to the seaside. conducted to the seaside. But when they heard that Antigonus had But when they heard that Antigonus had But when they heard that Antigonus had promised to give the Parthians a promised to give the Parthians a promised to give the Parthians a thousand talents and 500 women to assist thousand talents and 500 women to assist thousand talents and 500 women to assist him against them, they soon had a him against them, they soon had a him against them, they soon had a suspicion of barbarians. suspicion of barbarians. suspicion of barbarians. Moreover, there was one who informed Moreover, there was one who informed Moreover, there was one who informed them that snares were laid for them by them that snares were laid for them by them that snares were laid for them by night, while a guard came about them night, while a guard came about them night, while a guard came about them secretly. secretly. secretly. And they had been seized upon had not And they had been seized upon had not And they had been seized upon had not they waited for the seizure of Herod by they waited for the seizure of Herod by they waited for the seizure of Herod by the Parthians that were about Jerusalem. the Parthians that were about Jerusalem. the Parthians that were about Jerusalem. Lest upon the slaughter of Hyrcanus and Lest upon the slaughter of Hyrcanus and Lest upon the slaughter of Hyrcanus and Phasaelis, he should have an intimation Phasaelis, he should have an intimation Phasaelis, he should have an intimation of it and escape out of their hands. of it and escape out of their hands. of it and escape out of their hands. And these were the circumstances they And these were the circumstances they And these were the circumstances they were now in. And they saw who they were were now in. And they saw who they were were now in. And they saw who they were that guarded them. that guarded them. that guarded them. Some persons indeed would have persuaded Some persons indeed would have persuaded Some persons indeed would have persuaded Phasaelis to fly away immediately on Phasaelis to fly away immediately on Phasaelis to fly away immediately on horseback and not stay any longer. And horseback and not stay any longer. And horseback and not stay any longer. And there was one Orphelius who above all there was one Orphelius who above all there was one Orphelius who above all the rest was earnest with him to do so.

the rest was earnest with him to do so. the rest was earnest with him to do so. For he had heard of this treachery from For he had heard of this treachery from For he had heard of this treachery from Saramalla, the richest of all the Saramalla, the richest of all the Saramalla, the richest of all the Syrians at that time, who also promised Syrians at that time, who also promised Syrians at that time, who also promised to provide him ships to carry him off. to provide him ships to carry him off. to provide him ships to carry him off. For the sea was just by them. For the sea was just by them. For the sea was just by them. But he had no mind to desert Hyrcanus But he had no mind to desert Hyrcanus But he had no mind to desert Hyrcanus nor bring his brother into danger. nor bring his brother into danger. nor bring his brother into danger. But he went to Barzapharnes and told him But he went to Barzapharnes and told him But he went to Barzapharnes and told him he did not act justly when he made such he did not act justly when he made such he did not act justly when he made such a contrivance against them. For that if a contrivance against them. For that if a contrivance against them. For that if he wanted money, he would give him more he wanted money, he would give him more he wanted money, he would give him more than Antigonus. And besides, that it was than Antigonus. And besides, that it was than Antigonus. And besides, that it was a horrible thing to slay those that came a horrible thing to slay those that came a horrible thing to slay those that came to him upon the security of their oaths. to him upon the security of their oaths. to him upon the security of their oaths. And that when they had done them no And that when they had done them no And that when they had done them no injury. injury. injury. But the barbarian swore to him that But the barbarian swore to him that But the barbarian swore to him that there was no truth in any of his there was no truth in any of his there was no truth in any of his suspicions, but that he was troubled suspicions, but that he was troubled suspicions, but that he was troubled with nothing but false proposals, and with nothing but false proposals, and with nothing but false proposals, and then went away to Pacorus. then went away to Pacorus. then went away to Pacorus. But as soon as he was gone away, some But as soon as he was gone away, some But as soon as he was gone away, some men came and bound Hyrcanus and men came and bound Hyrcanus and men came and bound Hyrcanus and Phasaelis, while Phasaelis greatly Phasaelis, while Phasaelis greatly Phasaelis, while Phasaelis greatly reproached the Parthians for their reproached the Parthians for their reproached the Parthians for their perjury. However, that butler who was perjury. However, that butler who was perjury. However, that butler who was sent against Herod had it in command to sent against Herod had it in command to sent against Herod had it in command to get him without the walls of the city get him without the walls of the city get him without the walls of the city and seize upon him. But messengers had and seize upon him. But messengers had and seize upon him. But messengers had been sent by Phasaelis to inform Herod been sent by Phasaelis to inform Herod been sent by Phasaelis to inform Herod of the perfidiousness of the Parthians.

of the perfidiousness of the Parthians. of the perfidiousness of the Parthians. And when he knew that the enemy had And when he knew that the enemy had And when he knew that the enemy had seized upon them, he went to Pacorus and seized upon them, he went to Pacorus and seized upon them, he went to Pacorus and to the most potent of the Parthians as to the most potent of the Parthians as to the most potent of the Parthians as to the lord of the rest, who, although to the lord of the rest, who, although to the lord of the rest, who, although they knew of the whole matter, they knew of the whole matter, they knew of the whole matter, dissembled with him in a deceitful way dissembled with him in a deceitful way dissembled with him in a deceitful way and said that he ought to go out with and said that he ought to go out with and said that he ought to go out with them before the walls and meet those them before the walls and meet those them before the walls and meet those which were bringing him his letters, for which were bringing him his letters, for which were bringing him his letters, for that they were not taken by his that they were not taken by his that they were not taken by his adversaries, but were coming to give him adversaries, but were coming to give him adversaries, but were coming to give him an account of the good success Phasaelis an account of the good success Phasaelis an account of the good success Phasaelis had had. had had. had had. Herod did not give credit to what they Herod did not give credit to what they Herod did not give credit to what they said, for he had heard that his brother said, for he had heard that his brother said, for he had heard that his brother was seized upon by others also. was seized upon by others also. was seized upon by others also. And the daughter of Hyrcanus, whose And the daughter of Hyrcanus, whose And the daughter of Hyrcanus, whose daughter he had espoused, was his daughter he had espoused, was his daughter he had espoused, was his monitor also not to credit them, which monitor also not to credit them, which monitor also not to credit them, which made him still more suspicious of the made him still more suspicious of the made him still more suspicious of the Parthians. For although other people did Parthians. For although other people did Parthians. For although other people did not give heed to her, yet did he believe not give heed to her, yet did he believe not give heed to her, yet did he believe her as a woman of very great wisdom. her as a woman of very great wisdom. her as a woman of very great wisdom. Now, while the Parthians were in Now, while the Parthians were in Now, while the Parthians were in consultation what was fit to be done, consultation what was fit to be done, consultation what was fit to be done, for they did not think it proper to make for they did not think it proper to make for they did not think it proper to make an open attempt upon a person of his an open attempt upon a person of his an open attempt upon a person of his character, and while they put off the character, and while they put off the character, and while they put off the determination to the next day, Herod was determination to the next day, Herod was determination to the next day, Herod was under great disturbance of mind and under great disturbance of mind and under great disturbance of mind and rather inclining to believe the reports rather inclining to believe the reports rather inclining to believe the reports he heard about his brother and the he heard about his brother and the he heard about his brother and the Parthians than to give heed to what was Parthians than to give heed to what was Parthians than to give heed to what was said on the other side. He determined said on the other side. He determined said on the other side. He determined that when the evening came on, he would that when the evening came on, he would that when the evening came on, he would make use of it for his flight and not make use of it for his flight and not make use of it for his flight and not make any longer delay as if the dangers

make any longer delay as if the dangers make any longer delay as if the dangers from the enemy were not yet certain. from the enemy were not yet certain. from the enemy were not yet certain. He therefore removed with the armed men He therefore removed with the armed men He therefore removed with the armed men whom he had with him and set his wives whom he had with him and set his wives whom he had with him and set his wives upon the beasts, as also his mother and upon the beasts, as also his mother and upon the beasts, as also his mother and sister, and her whom he was about to sister, and her whom he was about to sister, and her whom he was about to marry, Mariamne, the daughter of marry, Mariamne, the daughter of marry, Mariamne, the daughter of Alexander, the son of Aristobulus, with Alexander, the son of Aristobulus, with Alexander, the son of Aristobulus, with her mother, the daughter of Hyrcanus, her mother, the daughter of Hyrcanus, her mother, the daughter of Hyrcanus, and his youngest brother, and all their and his youngest brother, and all their and his youngest brother, and all their servants, and the rest of the multitude servants, and the rest of the multitude servants, and the rest of the multitude that was with him, and without the that was with him, and without the that was with him, and without the enemies privity pursued his way to enemies privity pursued his way to enemies privity pursued his way to Idumea. Idumea. Idumea. Nor could any enemy of his who then saw Nor could any enemy of his who then saw Nor could any enemy of his who then saw him in this case be so hard-hearted, but him in this case be so hard-hearted, but him in this case be so hard-hearted, but would have commiserated his fortune, would have commiserated his fortune, would have commiserated his fortune, while the women drew along their infant while the women drew along their infant while the women drew along their infant children, and left their own country and children, and left their own country and children, and left their own country and their friends in prison, with tears in their friends in prison, with tears in their friends in prison, with tears in their eyes and sad lamentations, and in their eyes and sad lamentations, and in their eyes and sad lamentations, and in expectation of nothing but what was of a expectation of nothing but what was of a expectation of nothing but what was of a melancholy nature. melancholy nature. melancholy nature. But for Herod himself, he raised his But for Herod himself, he raised his But for Herod himself, he raised his mind above the miserable state he was mind above the miserable state he was mind above the miserable state he was in, and was of good courage in the midst in, and was of good courage in the midst in, and was of good courage in the midst of his misfortunes. And as he passed of his misfortunes. And as he passed of his misfortunes. And as he passed along, he bid them every one to be of along, he bid them every one to be of along, he bid them every one to be of good cheer, and not to give themselves good cheer, and not to give themselves good cheer, and not to give themselves up to sorrow, because that would hinder up to sorrow, because that would hinder up to sorrow, because that would hinder them in their flight, which was now the them in their flight, which was now the them in their flight, which was now the only hope of safety that they had.

only hope of safety that they had. only hope of safety that they had. Accordingly, they tried to bear with Accordingly, they tried to bear with Accordingly, they tried to bear with patience the calamity they were under, patience the calamity they were under, patience the calamity they were under, as he exhorted them to do. as he exhorted them to do. as he exhorted them to do. Yet he was once almost going to kill Yet he was once almost going to kill Yet he was once almost going to kill himself upon the overthrow of a wagon, himself upon the overthrow of a wagon, himself upon the overthrow of a wagon, and the danger his mother was then in of and the danger his mother was then in of and the danger his mother was then in of being killed. And this on two accounts, being killed. And this on two accounts, being killed. And this on two accounts, because of his great concern for her, because of his great concern for her, because of his great concern for her, and because he was afraid lest by this and because he was afraid lest by this and because he was afraid lest by this delay the enemy should overtake him in delay the enemy should overtake him in delay the enemy should overtake him in the pursuit. the pursuit. the pursuit. But as he was drawing his sword and But as he was drawing his sword and But as he was drawing his sword and going to kill himself therewith, those going to kill himself therewith, those going to kill himself therewith, those that were present restrained him, and that were present restrained him, and that were present restrained him, and being so many in number were too hard being so many in number were too hard being so many in number were too hard for him, and told him that he ought not for him, and told him that he ought not for him, and told him that he ought not to desert them and leave them to a prey to desert them and leave them to a prey to desert them and leave them to a prey to their enemies, for that it was not to their enemies, for that it was not to their enemies, for that it was not the part of a brave man to free himself the part of a brave man to free himself the part of a brave man to free himself from the distresses he was in, and to from the distresses he was in, and to from the distresses he was in, and to overlook his friends that were in the overlook his friends that were in the overlook his friends that were in the same distresses also. same distresses also. same distresses also. So, he was compelled to let that horrid So, he was compelled to let that horrid So, he was compelled to let that horrid attempt alone partly out of shame at attempt alone partly out of shame at attempt alone partly out of shame at what they said to him and partly out of what they said to him and partly out of what they said to him and partly out of regard to the great number of those that regard to the great number of those that regard to the great number of those that would not permit him to do what he would not permit him to do what he would not permit him to do what he intended.

intended. intended. So, he encouraged his mother and took So, he encouraged his mother and took So, he encouraged his mother and took all the care of her the time would allow all the care of her the time would allow all the care of her the time would allow and proceeded on the way he proposed to and proceeded on the way he proposed to and proceeded on the way he proposed to go with the utmost haste and that was to go with the utmost haste and that was to go with the utmost haste and that was to the fortress of Masada. the fortress of Masada. the fortress of Masada. And as he had many skirmishes with such And as he had many skirmishes with such And as he had many skirmishes with such of the Parthians as attacked him and of the Parthians as attacked him and of the Parthians as attacked him and pursued him, he was conqueror in them pursued him, he was conqueror in them pursued him, he was conqueror in them all. all. all. Nor indeed was he free from the Jews all Nor indeed was he free from the Jews all Nor indeed was he free from the Jews all along as he was in his flight. For by along as he was in his flight. For by along as he was in his flight. For by that time he was gotten 60 furlongs out that time he was gotten 60 furlongs out that time he was gotten 60 furlongs out of the city and was upon the road, they of the city and was upon the road, they of the city and was upon the road, they fell upon him and fought hand-to-hand fell upon him and fought hand-to-hand fell upon him and fought hand-to-hand with him whom he also put to flight and with him whom he also put to flight and with him whom he also put to flight and overcame not like one that was in overcame not like one that was in overcame not like one that was in distress and in necessity, but like one distress and in necessity, but like one distress and in necessity, but like one that was excellently prepared for war that was excellently prepared for war that was excellently prepared for war and had what he wanted in great plenty. and had what he wanted in great plenty. and had what he wanted in great plenty. And in this very place where he overcame And in this very place where he overcame And in this very place where he overcame the Jews, it was that he sometime the Jews, it was that he sometime the Jews, it was that he sometime afterward built a most excellent palace afterward built a most excellent palace afterward built a most excellent palace and a city round about it and called it and a city round about it and called it and a city round about it and called it Herodium.

Herodium. Herodium. And when he was come to Idumea at a And when he was come to Idumea at a And when he was come to Idumea at a place called Thressa, his brother Joseph place called Thressa, his brother Joseph place called Thressa, his brother Joseph met him and he then held a council to met him and he then held a council to met him and he then held a council to take advice about all his affairs and take advice about all his affairs and take advice about all his affairs and what was fit to be done in his what was fit to be done in his what was fit to be done in his circumstances since he had a great circumstances since he had a great circumstances since he had a great multitude that followed him besides his multitude that followed him besides his multitude that followed him besides his mercenary soldiers and the place Masada mercenary soldiers and the place Masada mercenary soldiers and the place Masada whither he proposed to fly was too small whither he proposed to fly was too small whither he proposed to fly was too small to contain so great a multitude. to contain so great a multitude. to contain so great a multitude. So, he sent away the greater part of his So, he sent away the greater part of his So, he sent away the greater part of his company being above 9,000 and bid them company being above 9,000 and bid them company being above 9,000 and bid them go some one way and some another and so go some one way and some another and so go some one way and some another and so save themselves in Idumea, and gave them save themselves in Idumea, and gave them save themselves in Idumea, and gave them what would buy them provisions in their what would buy them provisions in their what would buy them provisions in their journey. journey. journey. But he took with them those that were But he took with them those that were But he took with them those that were the least encumbered, and were the most the least encumbered, and were the most the least encumbered, and were the most intimate with him, and came to the intimate with him, and came to the intimate with him, and came to the fortress, and placed there his wives and fortress, and placed there his wives and fortress, and placed there his wives and his followers, being 800 in number, his followers, being 800 in number, his followers, being 800 in number, there being in the place a sufficient there being in the place a sufficient there being in the place a sufficient quantity of corn and water and other quantity of corn and water and other quantity of corn and water and other necessaries, and went directly for Petra necessaries, and went directly for Petra necessaries, and went directly for Petra in Arabia.

in Arabia. in Arabia. But when it was day, the Parthians But when it was day, the Parthians But when it was day, the Parthians plundered all Jerusalem and the palace, plundered all Jerusalem and the palace, plundered all Jerusalem and the palace, and abstained from nothing but and abstained from nothing but and abstained from nothing but Hyrcanus's money, which was 300 talents. Hyrcanus's money, which was 300 talents. Hyrcanus's money, which was 300 talents. A great deal of Herod's money escaped, A great deal of Herod's money escaped, A great deal of Herod's money escaped, and principally all that the man had and principally all that the man had and principally all that the man had been so provident as to send into Idumea been so provident as to send into Idumea been so provident as to send into Idumea beforehand. beforehand. beforehand. Nor indeed did what was in the city Nor indeed did what was in the city Nor indeed did what was in the city suffice the Parthians, but they went out suffice the Parthians, but they went out suffice the Parthians, but they went out into the country and plundered it, and into the country and plundered it, and into the country and plundered it, and demolished the city Marissa. demolished the city Marissa. demolished the city Marissa. And thus was Antigonus brought back into And thus was Antigonus brought back into And thus was Antigonus brought back into Judea by the king of the Parthians, and Judea by the king of the Parthians, and Judea by the king of the Parthians, and received Hyrcanus and Phasaelus for his received Hyrcanus and Phasaelus for his received Hyrcanus and Phasaelus for his prisoners. prisoners. prisoners. But he was greatly cast down because the But he was greatly cast down because the But he was greatly cast down because the women had escaped, whom he had intended women had escaped, whom he had intended women had escaped, whom he had intended to have given the enemy, as having to have given the enemy, as having to have given the enemy, as having promised they should have them with the promised they should have them with the promised they should have them with the money for their reward. money for their reward. money for their reward. But being afraid that Hyrcanus, who was But being afraid that Hyrcanus, who was But being afraid that Hyrcanus, who was under the guard of the Parthians, might under the guard of the Parthians, might under the guard of the Parthians, might have his kingdom restored to him by the have his kingdom restored to him by the have his kingdom restored to him by the multitude, he cut off his ears, and multitude, he cut off his ears, and multitude, he cut off his ears, and thereby took care that the high thereby took care that the high thereby took care that the high priesthood should never come to him priesthood should never come to him priesthood should never come to him anymore, because he was maimed, while anymore, because he was maimed, while anymore, because he was maimed, while the law required that this dignity the law required that this dignity the law required that this dignity should belong to none but such as had should belong to none but such as had should belong to none but such as had all their members entire.

all their members entire. all their members entire. But now one cannot but here admire the But now one cannot but here admire the But now one cannot but here admire the fortitude of Phasaelus, who, perceiving fortitude of Phasaelus, who, perceiving fortitude of Phasaelus, who, perceiving that he was to be put to death, did not that he was to be put to death, did not that he was to be put to death, did not think death any terrible thing at all, think death any terrible thing at all, think death any terrible thing at all, but to die thus by the means of his but to die thus by the means of his but to die thus by the means of his enemy, this he thought a most pitiable enemy, this he thought a most pitiable enemy, this he thought a most pitiable and dishonorable thing. and dishonorable thing. and dishonorable thing. And therefore, since he had not his And therefore, since he had not his And therefore, since he had not his hands at liberty, but the bonds he was hands at liberty, but the bonds he was hands at liberty, but the bonds he was in prevented him from killing himself in prevented him from killing himself in prevented him from killing himself thereby, he dashed his head against a thereby, he dashed his head against a thereby, he dashed his head against a great stone and thereby took away his great stone and thereby took away his great stone and thereby took away his own life, which he thought to be the own life, which he thought to be the own life, which he thought to be the best thing he could do in such a best thing he could do in such a best thing he could do in such a distress as he was in and thereby put it distress as he was in and thereby put it distress as he was in and thereby put it out of the power of the enemy to bring out of the power of the enemy to bring out of the power of the enemy to bring him to any death he pleased. him to any death he pleased. him to any death he pleased. It is also reported that when he made a It is also reported that when he made a It is also reported that when he made a great wound in his head, Antigonus sent great wound in his head, Antigonus sent great wound in his head, Antigonus sent physicians to cure it and by ordering physicians to cure it and by ordering physicians to cure it and by ordering them to infuse poison into the wound them to infuse poison into the wound them to infuse poison into the wound killed him. However, Phasaelus hearing, killed him. However, Phasaelus hearing, killed him. However, Phasaelus hearing, before he was quite dead, by a certain before he was quite dead, by a certain before he was quite dead, by a certain woman that his brother Herod had escaped woman that his brother Herod had escaped woman that his brother Herod had escaped the enemy, underwent his death the enemy, underwent his death the enemy, underwent his death cheerfully, since he now left behind him cheerfully, since he now left behind him cheerfully, since he now left behind him one who would revenge his death and who one who would revenge his death and who one who would revenge his death and who was able to inflict punishment on his was able to inflict punishment on his was able to inflict punishment on his enemies.

enemies. enemies. Chapter 14: How Herod got away from the Chapter 14: How Herod got away from the Chapter 14: How Herod got away from the King of Arabia and made haste to go into King of Arabia and made haste to go into King of Arabia and made haste to go into Egypt and thence went away in haste also Egypt and thence went away in haste also Egypt and thence went away in haste also to Rome. And how by promising a great to Rome. And how by promising a great to Rome. And how by promising a great deal of money to Antony, he obtained of deal of money to Antony, he obtained of deal of money to Antony, he obtained of the Senate and of Caesar to be made King the Senate and of Caesar to be made King the Senate and of Caesar to be made King of the Jews. of the Jews. of the Jews. As for Herod, the great miseries he was As for Herod, the great miseries he was As for Herod, the great miseries he was in did not discourage him, but made him in did not discourage him, but made him in did not discourage him, but made him sharp in discovering surprising sharp in discovering surprising sharp in discovering surprising undertakings. undertakings. undertakings. For he went to Malchus, King of Arabia, For he went to Malchus, King of Arabia, For he went to Malchus, King of Arabia, whom he had formerly been very kind to, whom he had formerly been very kind to, whom he had formerly been very kind to, in order to receive somewhat by way of in order to receive somewhat by way of in order to receive somewhat by way of requital, now he was in more than requital, now he was in more than requital, now he was in more than ordinary want of it, and desired he ordinary want of it, and desired he ordinary want of it, and desired he should let him have some money should let him have some money should let him have some money either by way of loan or as his free either by way of loan or as his free either by way of loan or as his free gift on account of the many benefits he gift on account of the many benefits he gift on account of the many benefits he had received from him. For not knowing had received from him. For not knowing had received from him. For not knowing what was become of his brother, he was what was become of his brother, he was what was become of his brother, he was in haste to redeem him out of the hand in haste to redeem him out of the hand in haste to redeem him out of the hand of his enemies, as willing to give 300 of his enemies, as willing to give 300 of his enemies, as willing to give 300 talents for the price of his redemption.

talents for the price of his redemption. talents for the price of his redemption. He also took with him the son of He also took with him the son of He also took with him the son of Phasaelis, who was a child of but 7 Phasaelis, who was a child of but 7 Phasaelis, who was a child of but 7 years of age, for this very reason, that years of age, for this very reason, that years of age, for this very reason, that he might be a hostage for the repayment he might be a hostage for the repayment he might be a hostage for the repayment of the money. of the money. of the money. But there came messengers from Malchus But there came messengers from Malchus But there came messengers from Malchus to meet him, by whom he was desired to to meet him, by whom he was desired to to meet him, by whom he was desired to be gone, for that the Parthians had laid be gone, for that the Parthians had laid be gone, for that the Parthians had laid a charge upon him not to entertain a charge upon him not to entertain a charge upon him not to entertain Herod. Herod. Herod. This was only a pretense which he made This was only a pretense which he made This was only a pretense which he made use of, that he might not be obliged to use of, that he might not be obliged to use of, that he might not be obliged to repay him what he owed him. And this he repay him what he owed him. And this he repay him what he owed him. And this he was further induced to by the principal was further induced to by the principal was further induced to by the principal men among the Arabians, that they might men among the Arabians, that they might men among the Arabians, that they might cheat him of what sums they had received cheat him of what sums they had received cheat him of what sums they had received from his father Antipater, and which he from his father Antipater, and which he from his father Antipater, and which he had committed to their fidelity. had committed to their fidelity. had committed to their fidelity. He made answer that he did not intend to He made answer that he did not intend to He made answer that he did not intend to be troublesome to them by his coming be troublesome to them by his coming be troublesome to them by his coming thither, but that he desired only to thither, but that he desired only to thither, but that he desired only to discourse with them about certain discourse with them about certain discourse with them about certain affairs that were to him of the greatest affairs that were to him of the greatest affairs that were to him of the greatest importance. importance. importance. Hereupon he resolved to go away, and did Hereupon he resolved to go away, and did Hereupon he resolved to go away, and did go very prudently the road to Egypt. And go very prudently the road to Egypt. And go very prudently the road to Egypt. And then it was that he lodged in a certain then it was that he lodged in a certain then it was that he lodged in a certain temple, for he had left a great many of temple, for he had left a great many of temple, for he had left a great many of his followers there.

his followers there. his followers there. On the next day he came to Rhinocolura, On the next day he came to Rhinocolura, On the next day he came to Rhinocolura, and there it was that he heard what was and there it was that he heard what was and there it was that he heard what was befallen his brother. befallen his brother. befallen his brother. Though Malchus soon repented of what he Though Malchus soon repented of what he Though Malchus soon repented of what he had done, and came running after Herod, had done, and came running after Herod, had done, and came running after Herod, but with no manner of success, for he but with no manner of success, for he but with no manner of success, for he was gotten a very great way off, and was gotten a very great way off, and was gotten a very great way off, and made haste into the road to Pelusium. made haste into the road to Pelusium. made haste into the road to Pelusium. And when the stationary ships that lay And when the stationary ships that lay And when the stationary ships that lay there hindered him from sailing to there hindered him from sailing to there hindered him from sailing to Alexandria, he went to their captains, Alexandria, he went to their captains, Alexandria, he went to their captains, by whose assistance, and that out of by whose assistance, and that out of by whose assistance, and that out of much reverence of and great regard to much reverence of and great regard to much reverence of and great regard to him, he was conducted into the city him, he was conducted into the city him, he was conducted into the city Alexandria, and was retained there by Alexandria, and was retained there by Alexandria, and was retained there by Cleopatra. Cleopatra. Cleopatra. Yet was she not able to prevail with him Yet was she not able to prevail with him Yet was she not able to prevail with him to stay there, because he was making to stay there, because he was making to stay there, because he was making haste to Rome, even though the weather haste to Rome, even though the weather haste to Rome, even though the weather was stormy, and he was informed that the was stormy, and he was informed that the was stormy, and he was informed that the affairs of Italy were very tumultuous affairs of Italy were very tumultuous affairs of Italy were very tumultuous and in great disorder. and in great disorder. and in great disorder. So, he set sail from thence to So, he set sail from thence to So, he set sail from thence to Pamphylia, and falling into a violent Pamphylia, and falling into a violent Pamphylia, and falling into a violent storm, he had much ado to escape to storm, he had much ado to escape to storm, he had much ado to escape to Rhodes with the loss of the ship's Rhodes with the loss of the ship's Rhodes with the loss of the ship's burden. And there it was that two of his burden. And there it was that two of his burden. And there it was that two of his friends, Sappinus and Ptolemus, met with friends, Sappinus and Ptolemus, met with friends, Sappinus and Ptolemus, met with him.

him. him. And as he found that city very much And as he found that city very much And as he found that city very much damaged in the war against Cassius, damaged in the war against Cassius, damaged in the war against Cassius, though he were in necessity himself, he though he were in necessity himself, he though he were in necessity himself, he neglected not to do it a kindness, but neglected not to do it a kindness, but neglected not to do it a kindness, but did what he could to recover it to its did what he could to recover it to its did what he could to recover it to its former state. former state. former state. He also built there a three-decked ship, He also built there a three-decked ship, He also built there a three-decked ship, and set sail thence with his friends for and set sail thence with his friends for and set sail thence with his friends for Italy, and came to the port of Italy, and came to the port of Italy, and came to the port of Brundusium. Brundusium. Brundusium. And when he was come from thence to And when he was come from thence to And when he was come from thence to Rome, he first related to Antony what Rome, he first related to Antony what Rome, he first related to Antony what had befallen him in Judea, and how had befallen him in Judea, and how had befallen him in Judea, and how Phasaelus, his brother, was seized on by Phasaelus, his brother, was seized on by Phasaelus, his brother, was seized on by the Parthians and put to death by them, the Parthians and put to death by them, the Parthians and put to death by them, and how Hyrcanus was detained captive by and how Hyrcanus was detained captive by and how Hyrcanus was detained captive by them, and how they had made Antigonus them, and how they had made Antigonus them, and how they had made Antigonus king, who had promised them a sum of king, who had promised them a sum of king, who had promised them a sum of money no less than a thousand talents money no less than a thousand talents money no less than a thousand talents with five hundred women, who were to be with five hundred women, who were to be with five hundred women, who were to be of the principal families and of the of the principal families and of the of the principal families and of the Jewish stock, and that he had carried Jewish stock, and that he had carried Jewish stock, and that he had carried off the women by night, and that by off the women by night, and that by off the women by night, and that by undergoing a great many hardships, he undergoing a great many hardships, he undergoing a great many hardships, he had escaped the hands of his enemies, as had escaped the hands of his enemies, as had escaped the hands of his enemies, as also that his own relations were in also that his own relations were in also that his own relations were in danger of being besieged and taken, and danger of being besieged and taken, and danger of being besieged and taken, and that he had sailed through a storm and that he had sailed through a storm and that he had sailed through a storm and contemned all these terrible dangers of contemned all these terrible dangers of contemned all these terrible dangers of it in order to come as soon as possible it in order to come as soon as possible it in order to come as soon as possible to him who was his hope and only succor to him who was his hope and only succor to him who was his hope and only succor at this time.

at this time. at this time. This account made Antony commiserate the This account made Antony commiserate the This account made Antony commiserate the change that had happened in Herod's change that had happened in Herod's change that had happened in Herod's condition, and reasoning with himself condition, and reasoning with himself condition, and reasoning with himself that this was a common case among those that this was a common case among those that this was a common case among those that are placed in such great dignities, that are placed in such great dignities, that are placed in such great dignities, and that they are liable to the and that they are liable to the and that they are liable to the mutations that come from fortune. He was mutations that come from fortune. He was mutations that come from fortune. He was very ready to give him the assistance he very ready to give him the assistance he very ready to give him the assistance he desired, and this because he called to desired, and this because he called to desired, and this because he called to mind the friendship he had had with mind the friendship he had had with mind the friendship he had had with Antipater, because Herod offered him Antipater, because Herod offered him Antipater, because Herod offered him money to make him king, as he had money to make him king, as he had money to make him king, as he had formerly given it him to make him formerly given it him to make him formerly given it him to make him tetrarch, and chiefly because of his tetrarch, and chiefly because of his tetrarch, and chiefly because of his hatred to Antigonus. hatred to Antigonus. hatred to Antigonus. For he took him to be a seditious person For he took him to be a seditious person For he took him to be a seditious person and an enemy to the Romans. and an enemy to the Romans. and an enemy to the Romans. Caesar was also the forwarder to raise Caesar was also the forwarder to raise Caesar was also the forwarder to raise Herod's dignity, and to give him his Herod's dignity, and to give him his Herod's dignity, and to give him his assistance in what he desired, on assistance in what he desired, on assistance in what he desired, on account of the toils of war which he account of the toils of war which he account of the toils of war which he himself had undergone with Antipater his himself had undergone with Antipater his himself had undergone with Antipater his father in Egypt, and of the hospitality father in Egypt, and of the hospitality father in Egypt, and of the hospitality he had treated him with all, and the he had treated him with all, and the he had treated him with all, and the kindness he had always showed him, as kindness he had always showed him, as kindness he had always showed him, as also to gratify Antony, who was very also to gratify Antony, who was very also to gratify Antony, who was very zealous for Herod.

zealous for Herod. zealous for Herod. So a senate was convoked, and Messala So a senate was convoked, and Messala So a senate was convoked, and Messala first, and then Atratinus, introduced first, and then Atratinus, introduced first, and then Atratinus, introduced Herod into it, and enlarged upon the Herod into it, and enlarged upon the Herod into it, and enlarged upon the benefits they had received from his benefits they had received from his benefits they had received from his father, and put them in mind of the father, and put them in mind of the father, and put them in mind of the goodwill he had borne to the Romans. goodwill he had borne to the Romans. goodwill he had borne to the Romans. At the same time, they accused At the same time, they accused At the same time, they accused Antigonus, and declared him an enemy, Antigonus, and declared him an enemy, Antigonus, and declared him an enemy, not only because of his former not only because of his former not only because of his former opposition to them, but that he had now opposition to them, but that he had now opposition to them, but that he had now overlooked the Romans and taken the overlooked the Romans and taken the overlooked the Romans and taken the government from the Parthians. government from the Parthians. government from the Parthians. Upon this, the senate was irritated, and Upon this, the senate was irritated, and Upon this, the senate was irritated, and Antony informed them further that it was Antony informed them further that it was Antony informed them further that it was for their advantage in the Parthian war for their advantage in the Parthian war for their advantage in the Parthian war that Herod should be king. that Herod should be king. that Herod should be king. This seemed good to all the senators, This seemed good to all the senators, This seemed good to all the senators, and so they made a decree accordingly. and so they made a decree accordingly. and so they made a decree accordingly. And this was the principal instance of And this was the principal instance of And this was the principal instance of Antony's affection for Herod, that he Antony's affection for Herod, that he Antony's affection for Herod, that he not only procured him a kingdom, which not only procured him a kingdom, which not only procured him a kingdom, which he did not expect, for he had not come he did not expect, for he had not come he did not expect, for he had not come with an intention to ask the kingdom for with an intention to ask the kingdom for with an intention to ask the kingdom for himself, which he did not suppose the himself, which he did not suppose the himself, which he did not suppose the Romans would grant him, who used to Romans would grant him, who used to Romans would grant him, who used to bestow it on some of the royal family, bestow it on some of the royal family, bestow it on some of the royal family, but intended to desire it for his wife's but intended to desire it for his wife's but intended to desire it for his wife's brother, who was grandson by his father brother, who was grandson by his father brother, who was grandson by his father to Aristobulus and to Hyrcanus by his to Aristobulus and to Hyrcanus by his to Aristobulus and to Hyrcanus by his mother.

mother. mother. But that he procured it for him so But that he procured it for him so But that he procured it for him so suddenly that he obtained what he did suddenly that he obtained what he did suddenly that he obtained what he did not expect and departed out of Italy in not expect and departed out of Italy in not expect and departed out of Italy in so few days as seven in all. so few days as seven in all. so few days as seven in all. This young man, the grandson, Herod This young man, the grandson, Herod This young man, the grandson, Herod afterward took care to have slain, as we afterward took care to have slain, as we afterward took care to have slain, as we shall show in its proper place. shall show in its proper place. shall show in its proper place. But when the senate was dissolved, But when the senate was dissolved, But when the senate was dissolved, Antony and Caesar went out of the senate Antony and Caesar went out of the senate Antony and Caesar went out of the senate house with Herod between them and with house with Herod between them and with house with Herod between them and with the consuls and other magistrates before the consuls and other magistrates before the consuls and other magistrates before them in order to offer sacrifices and to them in order to offer sacrifices and to them in order to offer sacrifices and to lay up their decrees in the Capitol. lay up their decrees in the Capitol. lay up their decrees in the Capitol. Antony also feasted Herod the first day Antony also feasted Herod the first day Antony also feasted Herod the first day of his reign. of his reign. of his reign. And thus did this man receive the And thus did this man receive the And thus did this man receive the kingdom, having obtained it on the 184th kingdom, having obtained it on the 184th kingdom, having obtained it on the 184th Olympiad, when Caius Domitius Calvinus Olympiad, when Caius Domitius Calvinus Olympiad, when Caius Domitius Calvinus was consul the second time and Caius was consul the second time and Caius was consul the second time and Caius Asinius Pollio the first time. Asinius Pollio the first time. Asinius Pollio the first time. All this while Antigonus besieged those All this while Antigonus besieged those All this while Antigonus besieged those that were in Masada, who had plenty of that were in Masada, who had plenty of that were in Masada, who had plenty of all other necessaries, but were only in all other necessaries, but were only in all other necessaries, but were only in want of water, insomuch that on this want of water, insomuch that on this want of water, insomuch that on this occasion, Joseph, Herod's brother, was occasion, Joseph, Herod's brother, was occasion, Joseph, Herod's brother, was contriving to run away from it with 200 contriving to run away from it with 200 contriving to run away from it with 200 of his dependents to the Arabians.

of his dependents to the Arabians. of his dependents to the Arabians. For he had heard that Malchus repented For he had heard that Malchus repented For he had heard that Malchus repented of the offenses he had been guilty of of the offenses he had been guilty of of the offenses he had been guilty of with regard to Herod. with regard to Herod. with regard to Herod. But God, by sending rain in the But God, by sending rain in the But God, by sending rain in the nighttime, prevented his going away, for nighttime, prevented his going away, for nighttime, prevented his going away, for their cisterns were thereby filled and their cisterns were thereby filled and their cisterns were thereby filled and he was under no necessity of running he was under no necessity of running he was under no necessity of running away on that account. away on that account. away on that account. But they were now of good courage and But they were now of good courage and But they were now of good courage and more so because the sending that plenty more so because the sending that plenty more so because the sending that plenty of water, which they had been in want of water, which they had been in want of water, which they had been in want of, seemed a mark of divine providence. of, seemed a mark of divine providence. of, seemed a mark of divine providence. So they made a sally and fought hand to So they made a sally and fought hand to So they made a sally and fought hand to hand with Antigonus's soldiers, with hand with Antigonus's soldiers, with hand with Antigonus's soldiers, with some openly, with some privately, and some openly, with some privately, and some openly, with some privately, and destroyed a great number of them. destroyed a great number of them. destroyed a great number of them. At the same time, Ventidius, the general At the same time, Ventidius, the general At the same time, Ventidius, the general of the Romans, was sent out of Syria to of the Romans, was sent out of Syria to of the Romans, was sent out of Syria to drive the Parthians out of it, and drive the Parthians out of it, and drive the Parthians out of it, and marched after them into Judea in marched after them into Judea in marched after them into Judea in pretense indeed to succor Joseph. But in pretense indeed to succor Joseph. But in pretense indeed to succor Joseph. But in reality, the whole affair was no more reality, the whole affair was no more reality, the whole affair was no more than a stratagem in order to get money than a stratagem in order to get money than a stratagem in order to get money of Antigonus. of Antigonus. of Antigonus. So they pitched their camp very near to So they pitched their camp very near to So they pitched their camp very near to Jerusalem, and stripped Antigonus of a Jerusalem, and stripped Antigonus of a Jerusalem, and stripped Antigonus of a great deal of money, and then he retired great deal of money, and then he retired great deal of money, and then he retired himself with the greater part of the himself with the greater part of the himself with the greater part of the army.

army. army. But that the wickedness he had been But that the wickedness he had been But that the wickedness he had been guilty of might be found out, he left guilty of might be found out, he left guilty of might be found out, he left Silo there with a certain part of his Silo there with a certain part of his Silo there with a certain part of his soldiers, with whom also Antigonus soldiers, with whom also Antigonus soldiers, with whom also Antigonus cultivated an acquaintance that he might cultivated an acquaintance that he might cultivated an acquaintance that he might cause him no disturbance, and was still cause him no disturbance, and was still cause him no disturbance, and was still in hopes that the Parthians would come in hopes that the Parthians would come in hopes that the Parthians would come again and defend him. again and defend him. again and defend him. End of Book 14, Chapters 13 and 14. Book 14, Chapters 15 and 16 of The Book 14, Chapters 15 and 16 of The Antiquities of the Jews, Volume 3. Antiquities of the Jews, Volume 3. Antiquities of the Jews, Volume 3. This is a LibriVox recording. All This is a LibriVox recording. All This is a LibriVox recording. All LibriVox recordings are in the public LibriVox recordings are in the public LibriVox recordings are in the public domain. For more information or to domain. For more information or to domain. For more information or to volunteer, please visit librivox.org. volunteer, please visit librivox.org. volunteer, please visit librivox.org. The Antiquities of the Jews, Volume 3 by The Antiquities of the Jews, Volume 3 by The Antiquities of the Jews, Volume 3 by Flavius Josephus, translated by William Flavius Josephus, translated by William Flavius Josephus, translated by William Whiston. Book 14, Chapters 15 and 16. Whiston. Book 14, Chapters 15 and 16. Whiston. Book 14, Chapters 15 and 16. Chapter 15. How Herod sailed out of Chapter 15. How Herod sailed out of Chapter 15. How Herod sailed out of Italy into Judea and fought with Italy into Judea and fought with Italy into Judea and fought with Antigonus, and what other things Antigonus, and what other things Antigonus, and what other things happened in Judea about that time.

happened in Judea about that time. happened in Judea about that time. By this time, Herod had sailed out of By this time, Herod had sailed out of By this time, Herod had sailed out of Italy to Ptolemy's, and had gotten Italy to Ptolemy's, and had gotten Italy to Ptolemy's, and had gotten together no small army, both of together no small army, both of together no small army, both of strangers and of his own countrymen, and strangers and of his own countrymen, and strangers and of his own countrymen, and marched through Galilee against marched through Galilee against marched through Galilee against Antigonus. Antigonus. Antigonus. Silo also and Ventidius came and Silo also and Ventidius came and Silo also and Ventidius came and assisted him, being pursued by Dellius, assisted him, being pursued by Dellius, assisted him, being pursued by Dellius, who was sent by Antony to assist in who was sent by Antony to assist in who was sent by Antony to assist in bringing back Herod. bringing back Herod. bringing back Herod. Now, for Ventidius, Now, for Ventidius, Now, for Ventidius, he was employed in composing the he was employed in composing the he was employed in composing the disturbances that had been made in the disturbances that had been made in the disturbances that had been made in the cities by the means of the Parthians. cities by the means of the Parthians. cities by the means of the Parthians. And for Silo, he was in Judea indeed, And for Silo, he was in Judea indeed, And for Silo, he was in Judea indeed, but corrupted by Antigonus. but corrupted by Antigonus. but corrupted by Antigonus. However, as Herod went along, his army However, as Herod went along, his army However, as Herod went along, his army increased every day, and all Galilee increased every day, and all Galilee increased every day, and all Galilee with some exception joined him. with some exception joined him. with some exception joined him. But as he was to those that were in But as he was to those that were in But as he was to those that were in Masada, for he was obliged to endeavor Masada, for he was obliged to endeavor Masada, for he was obliged to endeavor to save those that were in that to save those that were in that to save those that were in that fortress, now they were besieged because fortress, now they were besieged because fortress, now they were besieged because they were his relations, Joppa was a they were his relations, Joppa was a they were his relations, Joppa was a hindrance to him, for it was necessary hindrance to him, for it was necessary hindrance to him, for it was necessary for him to take that place first, it for him to take that place first, it for him to take that place first, it being a city at variance with him, that being a city at variance with him, that being a city at variance with him, that no stronghold might be left in his no stronghold might be left in his no stronghold might be left in his enemies' hands behind him when he should enemies' hands behind him when he should enemies' hands behind him when he should go to Jerusalem.

go to Jerusalem. go to Jerusalem. And when Silo made this a pretense for And when Silo made this a pretense for And when Silo made this a pretense for rising up from Jerusalem, and was rising up from Jerusalem, and was rising up from Jerusalem, and was thereupon pursued by the Jews, Herod thereupon pursued by the Jews, Herod thereupon pursued by the Jews, Herod fell upon them with a small body of men, fell upon them with a small body of men, fell upon them with a small body of men, and both put the Jews to flight and and both put the Jews to flight and and both put the Jews to flight and saved Silo when he was very poorly able saved Silo when he was very poorly able saved Silo when he was very poorly able to defend himself. to defend himself. to defend himself. But when Herod had taken Joppa, he made But when Herod had taken Joppa, he made But when Herod had taken Joppa, he made haste to free those of his family that haste to free those of his family that haste to free those of his family that were in Masada. were in Masada. were in Masada. Now, of the people of the country, some Now, of the people of the country, some Now, of the people of the country, some joined him because of the friendship joined him because of the friendship joined him because of the friendship they had had with his father, and some they had had with his father, and some they had had with his father, and some because of the splendid appearance he because of the splendid appearance he because of the splendid appearance he made, and others by way of requital for made, and others by way of requital for made, and others by way of requital for the benefits they had received from both the benefits they had received from both the benefits they had received from both of them. of them. of them. But the greatest number came to him in But the greatest number came to him in But the greatest number came to him in hopes of getting somewhat from him hopes of getting somewhat from him hopes of getting somewhat from him afterward if he were once firmly settled afterward if he were once firmly settled afterward if he were once firmly settled in the kingdom. in the kingdom. in the kingdom. Herod had now a strong army, and as he Herod had now a strong army, and as he Herod had now a strong army, and as he marched on, Antigonus laid snares and marched on, Antigonus laid snares and marched on, Antigonus laid snares and ambushes in the passes and places most ambushes in the passes and places most ambushes in the passes and places most proper for them. proper for them. proper for them. But in truth, he thereby did little or But in truth, he thereby did little or But in truth, he thereby did little or no damage to the enemy.

no damage to the enemy. no damage to the enemy. So, Herod received those of his family So, Herod received those of his family So, Herod received those of his family out of Masada and the fortress Racea, out of Masada and the fortress Racea, out of Masada and the fortress Racea, and then went on for Jerusalem. and then went on for Jerusalem. and then went on for Jerusalem. The soldiery also that was with Silo The soldiery also that was with Silo The soldiery also that was with Silo accompanied him all along, as did many accompanied him all along, as did many accompanied him all along, as did many of the citizens, being afraid of his of the citizens, being afraid of his of the citizens, being afraid of his power. And as soon as he had pitched his power. And as soon as he had pitched his power. And as soon as he had pitched his camp on the west side of the city, the camp on the west side of the city, the camp on the west side of the city, the soldiers that were set to guard that soldiers that were set to guard that soldiers that were set to guard that part shot their arrows and threw their part shot their arrows and threw their part shot their arrows and threw their darts at him. And when some sallied out darts at him. And when some sallied out darts at him. And when some sallied out in a crowd and came to fight in a crowd and came to fight in a crowd and came to fight hand-to-hand with the first ranks of hand-to-hand with the first ranks of hand-to-hand with the first ranks of Herod's army, he gave orders that they Herod's army, he gave orders that they Herod's army, he gave orders that they should, in the first place, make should, in the first place, make should, in the first place, make proclamation about the wall that he came proclamation about the wall that he came proclamation about the wall that he came for the good of the people and for the for the good of the people and for the for the good of the people and for the preservation of the city, and not to preservation of the city, and not to preservation of the city, and not to bear any old grudge at even his most bear any old grudge at even his most bear any old grudge at even his most open enemies, but ready to forget the open enemies, but ready to forget the open enemies, but ready to forget the offenses which his greatest adversaries offenses which his greatest adversaries offenses which his greatest adversaries had done him. had done him. had done him. But Antigonus, by way of reply to what But Antigonus, by way of reply to what But Antigonus, by way of reply to what Herod had caused to be proclaimed, and Herod had caused to be proclaimed, and Herod had caused to be proclaimed, and this before the Romans and before Silo this before the Romans and before Silo this before the Romans and before Silo also, also, also, said that they would not do justly if said that they would not do justly if said that they would not do justly if they gave the kingdom to Herod, who was they gave the kingdom to Herod, who was they gave the kingdom to Herod, who was no more than a private man and an no more than a private man and an no more than a private man and an Idumaean, i.e. a half-Jew, Idumaean, i.e. a half-Jew, Idumaean, i.e. a half-Jew, whereas they ought to bestow it on one whereas they ought to bestow it on one whereas they ought to bestow it on one of the royal family, as their custom of the royal family, as their custom of the royal family, as their custom was.

was. was. For that in case they at present bear an For that in case they at present bear an For that in case they at present bear an ill will to him and had resolved to ill will to him and had resolved to ill will to him and had resolved to deprive him of the kingdom as having deprive him of the kingdom as having deprive him of the kingdom as having received it from the Parthians, yet were received it from the Parthians, yet were received it from the Parthians, yet were there many others of his family that there many others of his family that there many others of his family that might by their law take it, and these might by their law take it, and these might by their law take it, and these such as had no way offended the Romans, such as had no way offended the Romans, such as had no way offended the Romans, and being of the sacerdotal family, it and being of the sacerdotal family, it and being of the sacerdotal family, it would be an unworthy thing to put them would be an unworthy thing to put them would be an unworthy thing to put them by. by. by. Now, while they said thus to one another Now, while they said thus to one another Now, while they said thus to one another and fell to reproaching one another on and fell to reproaching one another on and fell to reproaching one another on all sides, Antigonus permitted his own all sides, Antigonus permitted his own all sides, Antigonus permitted his own men that were upon the wall to defend men that were upon the wall to defend men that were upon the wall to defend themselves, who, using their bows and themselves, who, using their bows and themselves, who, using their bows and showing great alacrity against their showing great alacrity against their showing great alacrity against their enemies, easily drove them away from the enemies, easily drove them away from the enemies, easily drove them away from the towers. towers. towers. And now it was that Silo discovered that And now it was that Silo discovered that And now it was that Silo discovered that he had taken bribes, for he set a good he had taken bribes, for he set a good he had taken bribes, for he set a good number of his soldiers to complain aloud number of his soldiers to complain aloud number of his soldiers to complain aloud of the want of provisions they were in, of the want of provisions they were in, of the want of provisions they were in, and to require money to buy them food, and to require money to buy them food, and to require money to buy them food, and that it was fit to let them go to and that it was fit to let them go to and that it was fit to let them go to places proper for winter quarters, since places proper for winter quarters, since places proper for winter quarters, since the places near the city were a desert the places near the city were a desert the places near the city were a desert by reason that Antigonus's soldiers had by reason that Antigonus's soldiers had by reason that Antigonus's soldiers had carried all away.

carried all away. carried all away. So he set the army upon removing, and So he set the army upon removing, and So he set the army upon removing, and endeavored to march away. But Herod endeavored to march away. But Herod endeavored to march away. But Herod pressed Silo not to depart, and exhorted pressed Silo not to depart, and exhorted pressed Silo not to depart, and exhorted Silo's captains and soldiers not to Silo's captains and soldiers not to Silo's captains and soldiers not to desert him, when Caesar and Antony and desert him, when Caesar and Antony and desert him, when Caesar and Antony and the senate had sent him thither, the senate had sent him thither, the senate had sent him thither, for that he would provide them plenty of for that he would provide them plenty of for that he would provide them plenty of all the things they wanted, and easily all the things they wanted, and easily all the things they wanted, and easily procure them a great abundance of what procure them a great abundance of what procure them a great abundance of what they required. they required. they required. After which entreaty, he immediately After which entreaty, he immediately After which entreaty, he immediately went out into the country, and left not went out into the country, and left not went out into the country, and left not the least pretense to Silo for his the least pretense to Silo for his the least pretense to Silo for his departure. departure. departure. For he brought an unexpected quantity of For he brought an unexpected quantity of For he brought an unexpected quantity of provisions, and sent to those friends of provisions, and sent to those friends of provisions, and sent to those friends of his who inhabited about Samaria to bring his who inhabited about Samaria to bring his who inhabited about Samaria to bring down corn and wine and oil and cattle, down corn and wine and oil and cattle, down corn and wine and oil and cattle, and all other provisions to Jericho, and all other provisions to Jericho, and all other provisions to Jericho, that there might be no want of a supply that there might be no want of a supply that there might be no want of a supply for the soldiers for the time to come. for the soldiers for the time to come. for the soldiers for the time to come. Antigonus was sensible of this, and sent Antigonus was sensible of this, and sent Antigonus was sensible of this, and sent presently over the country such as might presently over the country such as might presently over the country such as might restrain and lie in ambush for those restrain and lie in ambush for those restrain and lie in ambush for those that went out for provisions.

that went out for provisions. that went out for provisions. So these men obeyed the orders of So these men obeyed the orders of So these men obeyed the orders of Antigonus, and got together a great Antigonus, and got together a great Antigonus, and got together a great number of armed men about Jericho, and number of armed men about Jericho, and number of armed men about Jericho, and sat upon the mountains, and watched sat upon the mountains, and watched sat upon the mountains, and watched those that brought the provisions. those that brought the provisions. those that brought the provisions. Herod was not idle in the meantime, for Herod was not idle in the meantime, for Herod was not idle in the meantime, for he took 10 bands of soldiers, of whom he took 10 bands of soldiers, of whom he took 10 bands of soldiers, of whom five were of the Romans and five of the five were of the Romans and five of the five were of the Romans and five of the Jews, with some mercenaries among them Jews, with some mercenaries among them Jews, with some mercenaries among them and with some few horsemen and came to and with some few horsemen and came to and with some few horsemen and came to Jericho and as they found the city Jericho and as they found the city Jericho and as they found the city deserted but that 500 of them had deserted but that 500 of them had deserted but that 500 of them had settled themselves on the tops of the settled themselves on the tops of the settled themselves on the tops of the hills with their wives and children hills with their wives and children hills with their wives and children those he took and sent away. But the those he took and sent away. But the those he took and sent away. But the Romans fell upon the city and plundered Romans fell upon the city and plundered Romans fell upon the city and plundered it and found the houses full of all it and found the houses full of all it and found the houses full of all sorts of good things. So the king left a sorts of good things. So the king left a sorts of good things. So the king left a garrison at Jericho and came back again garrison at Jericho and came back again garrison at Jericho and came back again and sent the Roman army to take their and sent the Roman army to take their and sent the Roman army to take their winter quarters in the countries that winter quarters in the countries that winter quarters in the countries that were come over to him Judea and Galilee were come over to him Judea and Galilee were come over to him Judea and Galilee and Samaria. and Samaria. and Samaria. And so much did Antigonus gain of Silo And so much did Antigonus gain of Silo And so much did Antigonus gain of Silo for the bribes he gave him that part of for the bribes he gave him that part of for the bribes he gave him that part of the army should be quartered at Lydda in the army should be quartered at Lydda in the army should be quartered at Lydda in order to please Antony.

order to please Antony. order to please Antony. So the Romans laid their weapons aside So the Romans laid their weapons aside So the Romans laid their weapons aside and lived in plenty of all things. and lived in plenty of all things. and lived in plenty of all things. But Herod was not pleased with lying But Herod was not pleased with lying But Herod was not pleased with lying still but sent out his brother Joseph still but sent out his brother Joseph still but sent out his brother Joseph against Idumea with 2,000 armed footmen against Idumea with 2,000 armed footmen against Idumea with 2,000 armed footmen and 400 horsemen while he himself came and 400 horsemen while he himself came and 400 horsemen while he himself came to Samaria and left his mother and his to Samaria and left his mother and his to Samaria and left his mother and his other relations there for they were other relations there for they were other relations there for they were already gone out of Masada and went into already gone out of Masada and went into already gone out of Masada and went into Galilee to take certain places which Galilee to take certain places which Galilee to take certain places which were held by the garrisons of Antigonus. were held by the garrisons of Antigonus. were held by the garrisons of Antigonus. And he passed on to Sepphoris as God And he passed on to Sepphoris as God And he passed on to Sepphoris as God sent a snow while Antigonus's garrisons sent a snow while Antigonus's garrisons sent a snow while Antigonus's garrisons withdrew themselves and had great plenty withdrew themselves and had great plenty withdrew themselves and had great plenty of provisions. He also went thence and of provisions. He also went thence and of provisions. He also went thence and resolved to destroy those robbers that resolved to destroy those robbers that resolved to destroy those robbers that dwelt in the caves and did and did much dwelt in the caves and did and did much dwelt in the caves and did and did much mischief in the country. So he sent a mischief in the country. So he sent a mischief in the country. So he sent a troop of horsemen and three companies of troop of horsemen and three companies of troop of horsemen and three companies of armed footmen against them. armed footmen against them. armed footmen against them. They were very near to a village called They were very near to a village called They were very near to a village called Arbela and on the 40th day after he came Arbela and on the 40th day after he came Arbela and on the 40th day after he came himself with his whole army and as the himself with his whole army and as the himself with his whole army and as the enemy sallied out boldly upon him the enemy sallied out boldly upon him the enemy sallied out boldly upon him the left wing of his army gave way but he left wing of his army gave way but he left wing of his army gave way but he appearing with a body of men put those appearing with a body of men put those appearing with a body of men put those to flight who were already conquerors, to flight who were already conquerors, to flight who were already conquerors, and recalled his men that ran away.

and recalled his men that ran away. and recalled his men that ran away. He also pressed upon his enemies and He also pressed upon his enemies and He also pressed upon his enemies and pursued them as far as the river Jordan, pursued them as far as the river Jordan, pursued them as far as the river Jordan, though they ran away by different roads. though they ran away by different roads. though they ran away by different roads. So, he brought over to him all Galilee, So, he brought over to him all Galilee, So, he brought over to him all Galilee, excepting those that dwelt in the caves, excepting those that dwelt in the caves, excepting those that dwelt in the caves, and distributed money to every one of and distributed money to every one of and distributed money to every one of his soldiers, giving them 150 drachmae a his soldiers, giving them 150 drachmae a his soldiers, giving them 150 drachmae a piece, and much more to their captains, piece, and much more to their captains, piece, and much more to their captains, and sent them into winter quarters. At and sent them into winter quarters. At and sent them into winter quarters. At which time Silo came to him and his which time Silo came to him and his which time Silo came to him and his commanders with him, because Antigonus commanders with him, because Antigonus commanders with him, because Antigonus would not give them provisions any would not give them provisions any would not give them provisions any longer, for he supplied them for no more longer, for he supplied them for no more longer, for he supplied them for no more than 1 month. than 1 month. than 1 month. Nay, he had sent to all the country Nay, he had sent to all the country Nay, he had sent to all the country about and ordered them to carry off the about and ordered them to carry off the about and ordered them to carry off the provisions that were there and retire to provisions that were there and retire to provisions that were there and retire to the mountains, that the Romans might the mountains, that the Romans might the mountains, that the Romans might have no provisions to live upon, and so have no provisions to live upon, and so have no provisions to live upon, and so might perish by famine. might perish by famine. might perish by famine. But, Herod committed the care of that But, Herod committed the care of that But, Herod committed the care of that matter to Pheroras, his youngest matter to Pheroras, his youngest matter to Pheroras, his youngest brother, and ordered him to repair brother, and ordered him to repair brother, and ordered him to repair Alexandrium also. Alexandrium also. Alexandrium also. Accordingly, he quickly made the Accordingly, he quickly made the Accordingly, he quickly made the soldiers abound with great plenty of soldiers abound with great plenty of soldiers abound with great plenty of provisions, and rebuilt Alexandrium, provisions, and rebuilt Alexandrium, provisions, and rebuilt Alexandrium, which had been before desolate.

which had been before desolate. which had been before desolate. Now, at this time it was that Antony Now, at this time it was that Antony Now, at this time it was that Antony continued some time at Athens, and that continued some time at Athens, and that continued some time at Athens, and that Ventidius, who was now in Syria, sent Ventidius, who was now in Syria, sent Ventidius, who was now in Syria, sent for Silo and commanded him to assist for Silo and commanded him to assist for Silo and commanded him to assist Herod, in the first place, to finish the Herod, in the first place, to finish the Herod, in the first place, to finish the present war, and then to send for their present war, and then to send for their present war, and then to send for their confederates for the war they were confederates for the war they were confederates for the war they were themselves engaged in. themselves engaged in. themselves engaged in. But, as for Herod, he went in haste But, as for Herod, he went in haste But, as for Herod, he went in haste against the robbers that were in the against the robbers that were in the against the robbers that were in the caves, and sent Silo away to Ventidius, caves, and sent Silo away to Ventidius, caves, and sent Silo away to Ventidius, while he marched against them. while he marched against them. while he marched against them. These caves were in mountains that were These caves were in mountains that were These caves were in mountains that were exceedingly abrupt, and in their middle exceedingly abrupt, and in their middle exceedingly abrupt, and in their middle were no other than precipices, with were no other than precipices, with were no other than precipices, with certain entrances into the caves, and certain entrances into the caves, and certain entrances into the caves, and those caves were encompassed with sharp those caves were encompassed with sharp those caves were encompassed with sharp rocks, and in these did the robbers lie rocks, and in these did the robbers lie rocks, and in these did the robbers lie concealed with all their families about concealed with all their families about concealed with all their families about them. But the king caused certain chests them. But the king caused certain chests them. But the king caused certain chests to be made in order to destroy them, and to be made in order to destroy them, and to be made in order to destroy them, and to be hung down bound about with iron to be hung down bound about with iron to be hung down bound about with iron chains by an engine from the top of the chains by an engine from the top of the chains by an engine from the top of the mountain. It being not possible to get mountain. It being not possible to get mountain. It being not possible to get up to them by reason of the sharp ascent up to them by reason of the sharp ascent up to them by reason of the sharp ascent of the mountains, nor to creep down to of the mountains, nor to creep down to of the mountains, nor to creep down to them from above.

them from above. them from above. Now these chests were filled with armed Now these chests were filled with armed Now these chests were filled with armed men who had long hooks in their hands by men who had long hooks in their hands by men who had long hooks in their hands by which they might pull out such as which they might pull out such as which they might pull out such as resisted them, and then tumble them down resisted them, and then tumble them down resisted them, and then tumble them down and kill them by so doing. and kill them by so doing. and kill them by so doing. But letting the chests down proved to be But letting the chests down proved to be But letting the chests down proved to be a matter of great danger because of the a matter of great danger because of the a matter of great danger because of the vast depth they were to be let down, vast depth they were to be let down, vast depth they were to be let down, although they had their provisions in although they had their provisions in although they had their provisions in the chests themselves. the chests themselves. the chests themselves. But when the chests were let down and But when the chests were let down and But when the chests were let down and not one of those in the mouths of the not one of those in the mouths of the not one of those in the mouths of the caves durst come near them, but lay caves durst come near them, but lay caves durst come near them, but lay still out of fear. Some of the armed men still out of fear. Some of the armed men still out of fear. Some of the armed men girt on their armor, and by both their girt on their armor, and by both their girt on their armor, and by both their hands took hold of the chain by which hands took hold of the chain by which hands took hold of the chain by which the chests were let down, and went into the chests were let down, and went into the chests were let down, and went into the mouths of the caves because they the mouths of the caves because they the mouths of the caves because they fretted that such delay was made by the fretted that such delay was made by the fretted that such delay was made by the robbers not daring to come out of the robbers not daring to come out of the robbers not daring to come out of the caves. And when they were at any of caves. And when they were at any of caves. And when they were at any of those mouths, they first killed many of those mouths, they first killed many of those mouths, they first killed many of those that were in the mouths with their those that were in the mouths with their those that were in the mouths with their darts, and afterward pulled those to darts, and afterward pulled those to darts, and afterward pulled those to them that resisted them with their them that resisted them with their them that resisted them with their hooks, and tumbled them down the hooks, and tumbled them down the hooks, and tumbled them down the precipices, and afterwards went into the precipices, and afterwards went into the precipices, and afterwards went into the caves and killed many more, and then caves and killed many more, and then caves and killed many more, and then went into their chests again and lay went into their chests again and lay went into their chests again and lay still there. But upon this terror seized still there. But upon this terror seized still there. But upon this terror seized the rest when they heard the the rest when they heard the the rest when they heard the lamentations that were made, and they lamentations that were made, and they lamentations that were made, and they despaired of escaping. However, when the despaired of escaping. However, when the despaired of escaping. However, when the night came on, that put an end to the night came on, that put an end to the night came on, that put an end to the whole work, and as the king proclaimed whole work, and as the king proclaimed whole work, and as the king proclaimed pardon by a herald to such as delivered pardon by a herald to such as delivered pardon by a herald to such as delivered themselves up to him, many accepted of themselves up to him, many accepted of themselves up to him, many accepted of the offer.

the offer. the offer. This same method of assault was made use This same method of assault was made use This same method of assault was made use of the next day, and they went further of the next day, and they went further of the next day, and they went further and got out in baskets to fight them, and got out in baskets to fight them, and got out in baskets to fight them, and fought them at their doors, and sent and fought them at their doors, and sent and fought them at their doors, and sent fire among them, and set their caves on fire among them, and set their caves on fire among them, and set their caves on fire, for there was a great deal of fire, for there was a great deal of fire, for there was a great deal of combustible matter within them. combustible matter within them. combustible matter within them. Now, there was one old man who was Now, there was one old man who was Now, there was one old man who was caught within one of these caves with caught within one of these caves with caught within one of these caves with seven children and a wife. These prayed seven children and a wife. These prayed seven children and a wife. These prayed him to give them leave to go out and him to give them leave to go out and him to give them leave to go out and yield themselves up to the enemy, yield themselves up to the enemy, yield themselves up to the enemy, but he stood at the cave's mouth and but he stood at the cave's mouth and but he stood at the cave's mouth and always slew that child of his who went always slew that child of his who went always slew that child of his who went out until he had destroyed them every out until he had destroyed them every out until he had destroyed them every one. And after that, he slew his wife one. And after that, he slew his wife one. And after that, he slew his wife and cast their dead bodies down the and cast their dead bodies down the and cast their dead bodies down the precipice and himself after them, and so precipice and himself after them, and so precipice and himself after them, and so underwent death rather than slavery. underwent death rather than slavery. underwent death rather than slavery. But before he did this, he greatly But before he did this, he greatly But before he did this, he greatly approached Herod with the meanness of approached Herod with the meanness of approached Herod with the meanness of his family, although he was then king. his family, although he was then king. his family, although he was then king. Herod also saw what he was doing and Herod also saw what he was doing and Herod also saw what he was doing and stretched out his hand and offered him stretched out his hand and offered him stretched out his hand and offered him all manner of security for his life, by all manner of security for his life, by all manner of security for his life, by which means all these caves were at which means all these caves were at which means all these caves were at length subdued entirely.

length subdued entirely. length subdued entirely. And when the king had set Ptolemy over And when the king had set Ptolemy over And when the king had set Ptolemy over these parts of the country as his these parts of the country as his these parts of the country as his general, he went to Samaria with 300 general, he went to Samaria with 300 general, he went to Samaria with 300 horsemen and 3,000 armed footmen as horsemen and 3,000 armed footmen as horsemen and 3,000 armed footmen as intending to fight Antigonus. intending to fight Antigonus. intending to fight Antigonus. But still this command of the army did But still this command of the army did But still this command of the army did not succeed well with Ptolemy, but those not succeed well with Ptolemy, but those not succeed well with Ptolemy, but those that had been troublesome to Galilee that had been troublesome to Galilee that had been troublesome to Galilee before attacked him and slew him. before attacked him and slew him. before attacked him and slew him. And when they had done this, they fled And when they had done this, they fled And when they had done this, they fled among the lakes and places almost among the lakes and places almost among the lakes and places almost inaccessible, lying waste and plundering inaccessible, lying waste and plundering inaccessible, lying waste and plundering whatsoever they could come at in those whatsoever they could come at in those whatsoever they could come at in those places. places. places. But Herod soon returned and punished But Herod soon returned and punished But Herod soon returned and punished them for what they had done. For some of them for what they had done. For some of them for what they had done. For some of these rebels he slew, and others of them these rebels he slew, and others of them these rebels he slew, and others of them who had fled to the strongholds he who had fled to the strongholds he who had fled to the strongholds he besieged, and both slew them and besieged, and both slew them and besieged, and both slew them and demolished their strongholds. demolished their strongholds. demolished their strongholds. And when he had thus put an end to their And when he had thus put an end to their And when he had thus put an end to their rebellion, he laid a fine upon the rebellion, he laid a fine upon the rebellion, he laid a fine upon the cities of 100 talents. cities of 100 talents. cities of 100 talents. In the meantime, Pacorus was fallen in a In the meantime, Pacorus was fallen in a In the meantime, Pacorus was fallen in a battle, and the Parthians were defeated battle, and the Parthians were defeated battle, and the Parthians were defeated when Ventidius sent Machaerus to the when Ventidius sent Machaerus to the when Ventidius sent Machaerus to the assistance of Herod with two legions and assistance of Herod with two legions and assistance of Herod with two legions and 1,000 horsemen, while Antony encouraged 1,000 horsemen, while Antony encouraged 1,000 horsemen, while Antony encouraged him to make haste.

him to make haste. him to make haste. But Machaerus, at the instigation of But Machaerus, at the instigation of But Machaerus, at the instigation of Antigonus, without the approbation of Antigonus, without the approbation of Antigonus, without the approbation of Herod, as being corrupted by money, went Herod, as being corrupted by money, went Herod, as being corrupted by money, went about to take a view of his affairs. But about to take a view of his affairs. But about to take a view of his affairs. But Antigonus, suspecting this intention of Antigonus, suspecting this intention of Antigonus, suspecting this intention of his coming, did not admit him into the his coming, did not admit him into the his coming, did not admit him into the city, but kept him at a distance, with city, but kept him at a distance, with city, but kept him at a distance, with throwing stones at him, and plainly throwing stones at him, and plainly throwing stones at him, and plainly showed what he himself meant. showed what he himself meant. showed what he himself meant. But when Machaerus was sensible that But when Machaerus was sensible that But when Machaerus was sensible that Herod had given him good advice, and Herod had given him good advice, and Herod had given him good advice, and that he had made a mistake himself in that he had made a mistake himself in that he had made a mistake himself in not hearkening to that advice, he not hearkening to that advice, he not hearkening to that advice, he retired to the city Emmaus, and what retired to the city Emmaus, and what retired to the city Emmaus, and what Jews he met with, he slew them, whether Jews he met with, he slew them, whether Jews he met with, he slew them, whether they were enemies or friends, out of the they were enemies or friends, out of the they were enemies or friends, out of the rage he was in at what hardships he had rage he was in at what hardships he had rage he was in at what hardships he had undergone. undergone. undergone. The king was provoked at this conduct of The king was provoked at this conduct of The king was provoked at this conduct of his, and went to Samaria, and resolved his, and went to Samaria, and resolved his, and went to Samaria, and resolved to go to Antony about these affairs, and to go to Antony about these affairs, and to go to Antony about these affairs, and to inform him that he stood in no need to inform him that he stood in no need to inform him that he stood in no need of such helpers who did him more of such helpers who did him more of such helpers who did him more mischief than they did his enemies, and mischief than they did his enemies, and mischief than they did his enemies, and that he was able of himself to beat that he was able of himself to beat that he was able of himself to beat Antigonus.

Antigonus. Antigonus. But Machaerus followed him, and desired But Machaerus followed him, and desired But Machaerus followed him, and desired that he would not go to Antony, that he would not go to Antony, that he would not go to Antony, or if he was resolved to go, that he or if he was resolved to go, that he or if he was resolved to go, that he would join his brother Joseph with them, would join his brother Joseph with them, would join his brother Joseph with them, and let them fight against Antigonus. and let them fight against Antigonus. and let them fight against Antigonus. So, he was reconciled to Machaerus upon So, he was reconciled to Machaerus upon So, he was reconciled to Machaerus upon his earnest entreaties. his earnest entreaties. his earnest entreaties. Accordingly, he left Joseph there with Accordingly, he left Joseph there with Accordingly, he left Joseph there with his army, but charged him to run no his army, but charged him to run no his army, but charged him to run no hazards, nor to quarrel with Machaerus. hazards, nor to quarrel with Machaerus. hazards, nor to quarrel with Machaerus. But for his own part, he made haste to But for his own part, he made haste to But for his own part, he made haste to Antony, who was then at the siege of Antony, who was then at the siege of Antony, who was then at the siege of Samosata, a place upon Euphrates, with Samosata, a place upon Euphrates, with Samosata, a place upon Euphrates, with his troops, both horsemen and footmen, his troops, both horsemen and footmen, his troops, both horsemen and footmen, to be auxiliaries to him. And when he to be auxiliaries to him. And when he to be auxiliaries to him. And when he came to Antioch and met there a great came to Antioch and met there a great came to Antioch and met there a great number of men gotten together that were number of men gotten together that were number of men gotten together that were very desirous to go to Antony, but durst very desirous to go to Antony, but durst very desirous to go to Antony, but durst not venture to go out of fear because not venture to go out of fear because not venture to go out of fear because the barbarians fell upon men on the road the barbarians fell upon men on the road the barbarians fell upon men on the road and slew many, so he encouraged them and and slew many, so he encouraged them and and slew many, so he encouraged them and became their conductor upon the road. became their conductor upon the road. became their conductor upon the road. Now, when they were within two days' Now, when they were within two days' Now, when they were within two days' march of Samosata, the barbarians had march of Samosata, the barbarians had march of Samosata, the barbarians had laid an ambush there to disturb those laid an ambush there to disturb those laid an ambush there to disturb those that came to Antony, and where the woods that came to Antony, and where the woods that came to Antony, and where the woods made the passes narrow as they led to made the passes narrow as they led to made the passes narrow as they led to the plains, there they laid not a few of the plains, there they laid not a few of the plains, there they laid not a few of their horsemen, who were to lie still their horsemen, who were to lie still their horsemen, who were to lie still until those passengers were gone by into until those passengers were gone by into until those passengers were gone by into the wide place.

the wide place. the wide place. Now, as soon as the first ranks were Now, as soon as the first ranks were Now, as soon as the first ranks were gone by, for Herod brought on the rear, gone by, for Herod brought on the rear, gone by, for Herod brought on the rear, those that lay in ambush, who were about those that lay in ambush, who were about those that lay in ambush, who were about 500, fell upon them on the sudden, and 500, fell upon them on the sudden, and 500, fell upon them on the sudden, and when they had put the foremost to when they had put the foremost to when they had put the foremost to flight, the king came riding hard with flight, the king came riding hard with flight, the king came riding hard with the forces that were about him, and the forces that were about him, and the forces that were about him, and immediately drove back the enemy, by immediately drove back the enemy, by immediately drove back the enemy, by which means he made the minds of his own which means he made the minds of his own which means he made the minds of his own men courageous and emboldened them to go men courageous and emboldened them to go men courageous and emboldened them to go on, insomuch that those who ran away on, insomuch that those who ran away on, insomuch that those who ran away before now returned back. And the before now returned back. And the before now returned back. And the barbarians were slain on all sides. barbarians were slain on all sides. barbarians were slain on all sides. The king also went on killing them and The king also went on killing them and The king also went on killing them and recovered all the baggage, among which recovered all the baggage, among which recovered all the baggage, among which were a great number of beasts for burden were a great number of beasts for burden were a great number of beasts for burden and of slaves, and proceeded on in his and of slaves, and proceeded on in his and of slaves, and proceeded on in his march. And whereas there were a great march. And whereas there were a great march. And whereas there were a great number of those in the woods that number of those in the woods that number of those in the woods that attacked them and were near the passage attacked them and were near the passage attacked them and were near the passage that led into the plain, he made a sally that led into the plain, he made a sally that led into the plain, he made a sally upon those also with a strong body of upon those also with a strong body of upon those also with a strong body of men and put them to flight and slew many men and put them to flight and slew many men and put them to flight and slew many of them, and thereby rendered the way of them, and thereby rendered the way of them, and thereby rendered the way safe for those that came after.

safe for those that came after. safe for those that came after. And these called Herod their savior and And these called Herod their savior and And these called Herod their savior and protector. protector. protector. And when he was near to Samosata, Antony And when he was near to Samosata, Antony And when he was near to Samosata, Antony sent out his army in all their proper sent out his army in all their proper sent out his army in all their proper habiliments to meet him in order to pay habiliments to meet him in order to pay habiliments to meet him in order to pay Herod this respect and because of the Herod this respect and because of the Herod this respect and because of the assistance he had given him. For he had assistance he had given him. For he had assistance he had given him. For he had heard what attacks the barbarians had heard what attacks the barbarians had heard what attacks the barbarians had made upon him in Judea. made upon him in Judea. made upon him in Judea. He also was very glad to see him there He also was very glad to see him there He also was very glad to see him there as having been made acquainted with the as having been made acquainted with the as having been made acquainted with the great actions he had performed upon the great actions he had performed upon the great actions he had performed upon the road. road. road. So he entertained him very kindly and So he entertained him very kindly and So he entertained him very kindly and could not but admire his courage. Antony could not but admire his courage. Antony could not but admire his courage. Antony also embraced him as soon as he saw him also embraced him as soon as he saw him also embraced him as soon as he saw him and saluted him after a most and saluted him after a most and saluted him after a most affectionate manner and gave him the affectionate manner and gave him the affectionate manner and gave him the upper hand as having himself lately made upper hand as having himself lately made upper hand as having himself lately made him a king. And in a little time him a king. And in a little time him a king. And in a little time Antiochus delivered up the fortress and Antiochus delivered up the fortress and Antiochus delivered up the fortress and on that account this war was at an end. on that account this war was at an end. on that account this war was at an end. Then Antony committed the rest to Sosius Then Antony committed the rest to Sosius Then Antony committed the rest to Sosius and gave him orders to assist Herod and and gave him orders to assist Herod and and gave him orders to assist Herod and went himself to Egypt.

went himself to Egypt. went himself to Egypt. Accordingly, Sosius sent two legions Accordingly, Sosius sent two legions Accordingly, Sosius sent two legions before into Judea to the assistance of before into Judea to the assistance of before into Judea to the assistance of Herod and he followed himself with the Herod and he followed himself with the Herod and he followed himself with the body of the army. body of the army. body of the army. Now Joseph was already slain in Judea in Now Joseph was already slain in Judea in Now Joseph was already slain in Judea in the manner following. the manner following. the manner following. He forgot what charge his brother Herod He forgot what charge his brother Herod He forgot what charge his brother Herod had given him when he went to Antony. had given him when he went to Antony. had given him when he went to Antony. And when he had pitched his camp among And when he had pitched his camp among And when he had pitched his camp among the mountains, from Machaerus had lent the mountains, from Machaerus had lent the mountains, from Machaerus had lent him five regiments. With these he went him five regiments. With these he went him five regiments. With these he went hastily to Jericho in order to reap the hastily to Jericho in order to reap the hastily to Jericho in order to reap the corn there to belonging. corn there to belonging. corn there to belonging. And as the Roman regiments were but And as the Roman regiments were but And as the Roman regiments were but newly raised and were unskillful in war, newly raised and were unskillful in war, newly raised and were unskillful in war, for they were in great part collected for they were in great part collected for they were in great part collected out of Syria, he was attacked by the out of Syria, he was attacked by the out of Syria, he was attacked by the enemy and caught in those places of enemy and caught in those places of enemy and caught in those places of difficulty and was himself slain as he difficulty and was himself slain as he difficulty and was himself slain as he was fighting bravely and the whole army was fighting bravely and the whole army was fighting bravely and the whole army was lost, for there were six regiments was lost, for there were six regiments was lost, for there were six regiments slain. slain. slain. So, when Antigonus had got possession of So, when Antigonus had got possession of So, when Antigonus had got possession of the dead bodies, he cut off Joseph's the dead bodies, he cut off Joseph's the dead bodies, he cut off Joseph's head, although Pheroras, his brother, head, although Pheroras, his brother, head, although Pheroras, his brother, would have redeemed it at the price of would have redeemed it at the price of would have redeemed it at the price of 50 talents.

50 talents. 50 talents. After which defeat, the Galileans After which defeat, the Galileans After which defeat, the Galileans revolted from their commanders and took revolted from their commanders and took revolted from their commanders and took those of Herod's party and drowned them those of Herod's party and drowned them those of Herod's party and drowned them in the lake, and a great part of Judea in the lake, and a great part of Judea in the lake, and a great part of Judea was become seditious. But Macheras was become seditious. But Macheras was become seditious. But Macheras fortified the place Geda in Samaria. fortified the place Geda in Samaria. fortified the place Geda in Samaria. At this time, messengers came to Herod At this time, messengers came to Herod At this time, messengers came to Herod and informed him of what had been done. and informed him of what had been done. and informed him of what had been done. And when he was come to Daphne by And when he was come to Daphne by And when he was come to Daphne by Antioch, they told him of the ill Antioch, they told him of the ill Antioch, they told him of the ill fortune that had befallen his brother, fortune that had befallen his brother, fortune that had befallen his brother, which yet he expected from certain which yet he expected from certain which yet he expected from certain visions that appeared to him in his visions that appeared to him in his visions that appeared to him in his dreams, which clearly foreshadowed his dreams, which clearly foreshadowed his dreams, which clearly foreshadowed his brother's death. brother's death. brother's death. So, he hastened his march, and when he So, he hastened his march, and when he So, he hastened his march, and when he came to Mount Libanus, he received about came to Mount Libanus, he received about came to Mount Libanus, he received about 800 of the men of that place, having 800 of the men of that place, having 800 of the men of that place, having already with him also one Roman legion. already with him also one Roman legion. already with him also one Roman legion. And with these, he came to Ptolemais. And with these, he came to Ptolemais. And with these, he came to Ptolemais. He also marched thence by night with his He also marched thence by night with his He also marched thence by night with his army and proceeded along Galilee. army and proceeded along Galilee. army and proceeded along Galilee. Here it was that the enemy met him and Here it was that the enemy met him and Here it was that the enemy met him and fought him and were beaten and shut up fought him and were beaten and shut up fought him and were beaten and shut up in the same place of strength whence in the same place of strength whence in the same place of strength whence they had sallied out the day before.

they had sallied out the day before. they had sallied out the day before. So, he attacked the place in the So, he attacked the place in the So, he attacked the place in the morning, but by reason of a great storm morning, but by reason of a great storm morning, but by reason of a great storm that was then very violent, he was able that was then very violent, he was able that was then very violent, he was able to do nothing but draw off his army into to do nothing but draw off his army into to do nothing but draw off his army into the neighboring villages. the neighboring villages. the neighboring villages. Yet as soon as the other legion that Yet as soon as the other legion that Yet as soon as the other legion that Antony sent him was come to his Antony sent him was come to his Antony sent him was come to his assistance, those that were in garrison assistance, those that were in garrison assistance, those that were in garrison in the place were afraid and deserted it in the place were afraid and deserted it in the place were afraid and deserted it in the night time. in the night time. in the night time. Then did the king march hastily to Then did the king march hastily to Then did the king march hastily to Jericho, intending to avenge himself on Jericho, intending to avenge himself on Jericho, intending to avenge himself on the enemy for the slaughter of his the enemy for the slaughter of his the enemy for the slaughter of his brother. brother. brother. And when he had pitched his tents, he And when he had pitched his tents, he And when he had pitched his tents, he made a feast for the principal made a feast for the principal made a feast for the principal commanders. commanders. commanders. And after this collation was over, and And after this collation was over, and And after this collation was over, and he had dismissed his guests, he retired he had dismissed his guests, he retired he had dismissed his guests, he retired to his own chamber. And here may one see to his own chamber. And here may one see to his own chamber. And here may one see what kindness God had for the king, for what kindness God had for the king, for what kindness God had for the king, for the upper part of the house fell down the upper part of the house fell down the upper part of the house fell down when nobody was in it, and so killed when nobody was in it, and so killed when nobody was in it, and so killed none, insomuch that all the people none, insomuch that all the people none, insomuch that all the people believed that Herod was beloved of God, believed that Herod was beloved of God, believed that Herod was beloved of God, since he had escaped such a great and since he had escaped such a great and since he had escaped such a great and surprising danger.

surprising danger. surprising danger. But the next day, 6,000 of the enemy But the next day, 6,000 of the enemy But the next day, 6,000 of the enemy came down from the tops of the mountains came down from the tops of the mountains came down from the tops of the mountains to fight the Romans, which greatly to fight the Romans, which greatly to fight the Romans, which greatly terrified them. And the soldiers that terrified them. And the soldiers that terrified them. And the soldiers that were in light armor came near, and were in light armor came near, and were in light armor came near, and pelted the king's guards that were come pelted the king's guards that were come pelted the king's guards that were come out with darts and stones. And one of out with darts and stones. And one of out with darts and stones. And one of them hit him on the side with a dart. them hit him on the side with a dart. them hit him on the side with a dart. Antigonus also sent a commander against Antigonus also sent a commander against Antigonus also sent a commander against Samaria, whose name was Pappus, with Samaria, whose name was Pappus, with Samaria, whose name was Pappus, with some forces, being desirous to show the some forces, being desirous to show the some forces, being desirous to show the enemy how potent he was, and that he had enemy how potent he was, and that he had enemy how potent he was, and that he had men to spare in his war with them. men to spare in his war with them. men to spare in his war with them. He sat down to oppose Machaerus, but He sat down to oppose Machaerus, but He sat down to oppose Machaerus, but Herod, when he had taken five cities, Herod, when he had taken five cities, Herod, when he had taken five cities, took such as were left in them, being took such as were left in them, being took such as were left in them, being about 2,000, and slew them, and burnt about 2,000, and slew them, and burnt about 2,000, and slew them, and burnt the cities themselves, and then returned the cities themselves, and then returned the cities themselves, and then returned to go against Pappus, who was encamped to go against Pappus, who was encamped to go against Pappus, who was encamped at a village called Isana. at a village called Isana. at a village called Isana. And there ran into him many out of And there ran into him many out of And there ran into him many out of Jericho and Judea, near to which places Jericho and Judea, near to which places Jericho and Judea, near to which places he was. And the enemy fell upon his men, he was. And the enemy fell upon his men, he was. And the enemy fell upon his men, so stout were they at this time, and so stout were they at this time, and so stout were they at this time, and joined battle with them. But he beat joined battle with them. But he beat joined battle with them. But he beat them in the fight. And in order to be them in the fight. And in order to be them in the fight. And in order to be revenged on them for the slaughter of revenged on them for the slaughter of revenged on them for the slaughter of his brother, he pursued them sharply, his brother, he pursued them sharply, his brother, he pursued them sharply, and killed them as they ran away. And as and killed them as they ran away. And as and killed them as they ran away. And as the houses were full of armed men, and the houses were full of armed men, and the houses were full of armed men, and many of them ran as far as the tops of many of them ran as far as the tops of many of them ran as far as the tops of the houses, the houses, the houses, he got them under his power, and pulled he got them under his power, and pulled he got them under his power, and pulled down the roofs of the houses and saw the down the roofs of the houses and saw the down the roofs of the houses and saw the lower rooms full of soldiers that were lower rooms full of soldiers that were lower rooms full of soldiers that were caught and lay all on a heap. So, they

caught and lay all on a heap. So, they caught and lay all on a heap. So, they threw stones down upon them as they threw stones down upon them as they threw stones down upon them as they piled one upon another and thereby piled one upon another and thereby piled one upon another and thereby killed them. killed them. killed them. Nor was there a more frightful spectacle Nor was there a more frightful spectacle Nor was there a more frightful spectacle in all the war than this, where beyond in all the war than this, where beyond in all the war than this, where beyond the walls an immense multitude of dead the walls an immense multitude of dead the walls an immense multitude of dead men lay heaped one upon another. men lay heaped one upon another. men lay heaped one upon another. This action it was which chiefly break This action it was which chiefly break This action it was which chiefly break the spirits of the enemy, who expected the spirits of the enemy, who expected the spirits of the enemy, who expected now what would come. For there appeared now what would come. For there appeared now what would come. For there appeared a mighty number of people that came from a mighty number of people that came from a mighty number of people that came from places far distant that were now about places far distant that were now about places far distant that were now about the village, but then ran away. And had the village, but then ran away. And had the village, but then ran away. And had it not been for the depth of winter, it not been for the depth of winter, it not been for the depth of winter, which then restrained them, the king's which then restrained them, the king's which then restrained them, the king's army had presently gone to Jerusalem as army had presently gone to Jerusalem as army had presently gone to Jerusalem as being very courageous at this good being very courageous at this good being very courageous at this good success, and the whole work had been success, and the whole work had been success, and the whole work had been done immediately. For Antigonus was done immediately. For Antigonus was done immediately. For Antigonus was already looking about how he might fly already looking about how he might fly already looking about how he might fly away and leave the city. away and leave the city. away and leave the city. At this time, the king gave order that At this time, the king gave order that At this time, the king gave order that the soldiers should go to supper, for it the soldiers should go to supper, for it the soldiers should go to supper, for it was late at night, while he went into a was late at night, while he went into a was late at night, while he went into a chamber to use the bath, for he was very chamber to use the bath, for he was very chamber to use the bath, for he was very weary.

weary. weary. And here it was that he was in the And here it was that he was in the And here it was that he was in the greatest danger, which yet by God's greatest danger, which yet by God's greatest danger, which yet by God's providence he escaped. For as he was providence he escaped. For as he was providence he escaped. For as he was naked and had but one servant that naked and had but one servant that naked and had but one servant that followed him to be with him while he was followed him to be with him while he was followed him to be with him while he was bathing in an inner room, certain of the bathing in an inner room, certain of the bathing in an inner room, certain of the enemy, who were in their armor and had enemy, who were in their armor and had enemy, who were in their armor and had fled thither out of fear, were then in fled thither out of fear, were then in fled thither out of fear, were then in the place. And as he was bathing, the the place. And as he was bathing, the the place. And as he was bathing, the first of them come out with his naked first of them come out with his naked first of them come out with his naked sword drawn and went out at the doors. sword drawn and went out at the doors. sword drawn and went out at the doors. And after him a second and a third, And after him a second and a third, And after him a second and a third, armed in like manner, and were under armed in like manner, and were under armed in like manner, and were under such a consternation that they did no such a consternation that they did no such a consternation that they did no hurt to the king and thought themselves hurt to the king and thought themselves hurt to the king and thought themselves to have come off very well, ill to have come off very well, ill to have come off very well, ill suffering no harm themselves in their suffering no harm themselves in their suffering no harm themselves in their getting out of the house. getting out of the house. getting out of the house. However, on the next day, he cut off the However, on the next day, he cut off the However, on the next day, he cut off the head of Pappus, for he was already head of Pappus, for he was already head of Pappus, for he was already slain, and sent it to Pheroras as a slain, and sent it to Pheroras as a slain, and sent it to Pheroras as a punishment of what their brother had punishment of what their brother had punishment of what their brother had suffered by his means, for he was the suffered by his means, for he was the suffered by his means, for he was the man that slew him with his own hand.

man that slew him with his own hand. man that slew him with his own hand. When the rigor of winter was over, Herod When the rigor of winter was over, Herod When the rigor of winter was over, Herod removed his army and came near to removed his army and came near to removed his army and came near to Jerusalem and pitched his camp hard by Jerusalem and pitched his camp hard by Jerusalem and pitched his camp hard by the city. the city. the city. Now, this was the third year since he Now, this was the third year since he Now, this was the third year since he had been made king at Rome. And as he had been made king at Rome. And as he had been made king at Rome. And as he removed his camp and came near that part removed his camp and came near that part removed his camp and came near that part of the wall where it could be most of the wall where it could be most of the wall where it could be most easily assaulted, he pitched that camp easily assaulted, he pitched that camp easily assaulted, he pitched that camp before the temple, intending to make his before the temple, intending to make his before the temple, intending to make his attacks in the same manner as did attacks in the same manner as did attacks in the same manner as did Pompey. Pompey. Pompey. So, he encompassed the place with three So, he encompassed the place with three So, he encompassed the place with three bulwarks and directed towers and bulwarks and directed towers and bulwarks and directed towers and employed a great many hands about the employed a great many hands about the employed a great many hands about the work and cut down the trees that were work and cut down the trees that were work and cut down the trees that were round about the city. And when he had round about the city. And when he had round about the city. And when he had appointed proper persons to oversee the appointed proper persons to oversee the appointed proper persons to oversee the works, even while the army lay before works, even while the army lay before works, even while the army lay before the city, he himself went to Samaria to the city, he himself went to Samaria to the city, he himself went to Samaria to complete his marriage and to take to complete his marriage and to take to complete his marriage and to take to wife the daughter of Alexander, the son wife the daughter of Alexander, the son wife the daughter of Alexander, the son of Aristobulus. of Aristobulus. of Aristobulus. For he had betrothed her already, as I For he had betrothed her already, as I For he had betrothed her already, as I have before related. Chapter 16: How Herod, when he had Chapter 16: How Herod, when he had married Mariamne, took Jerusalem with married Mariamne, took Jerusalem with married Mariamne, took Jerusalem with the assistance of Sosius by force, and the assistance of Sosius by force, and the assistance of Sosius by force, and how the government of the Asamoneans was how the government of the Asamoneans was how the government of the Asamoneans was put an end to.

put an end to. put an end to. After the wedding was over, came Sosius After the wedding was over, came Sosius After the wedding was over, came Sosius through Phoenicia, having sent out his through Phoenicia, having sent out his through Phoenicia, having sent out his army before him over the midland parts. army before him over the midland parts. army before him over the midland parts. He also, who was their commander, came He also, who was their commander, came He also, who was their commander, came himself with a great number of horsemen himself with a great number of horsemen himself with a great number of horsemen and footmen. and footmen. and footmen. The king also came himself from Samaria The king also came himself from Samaria The king also came himself from Samaria and brought with him no small army, and brought with him no small army, and brought with him no small army, besides that which was there before, for besides that which was there before, for besides that which was there before, for they were about 30,000. they were about 30,000. they were about 30,000. And they all met together at the walls And they all met together at the walls And they all met together at the walls of Jerusalem and encamped at the north of Jerusalem and encamped at the north of Jerusalem and encamped at the north wall of the city, being now an army of wall of the city, being now an army of wall of the city, being now an army of 11 legions armed men on foot and 6,000 11 legions armed men on foot and 6,000 11 legions armed men on foot and 6,000 horsemen and other auxiliaries out of horsemen and other auxiliaries out of horsemen and other auxiliaries out of Syria. Syria. Syria. The generals were two, Sosius sent by The generals were two, Sosius sent by The generals were two, Sosius sent by Antony to assist Herod and Herod on his Antony to assist Herod and Herod on his Antony to assist Herod and Herod on his own account in order to take the own account in order to take the own account in order to take the government from Antigonus, who was government from Antigonus, who was government from Antigonus, who was declared all enemy at Rome, and that he declared all enemy at Rome, and that he declared all enemy at Rome, and that he might himself be king according to the might himself be king according to the might himself be king according to the decree of the senate. decree of the senate. decree of the senate. Now, the Jews that were enclosed within Now, the Jews that were enclosed within Now, the Jews that were enclosed within the walls of the city fought against the walls of the city fought against the walls of the city fought against Herod with great alacrity and zeal, for Herod with great alacrity and zeal, for Herod with great alacrity and zeal, for the whole nation was gathered together.

the whole nation was gathered together. the whole nation was gathered together. They also gave out many prophecies about They also gave out many prophecies about They also gave out many prophecies about the temple and many things agreeable to the temple and many things agreeable to the temple and many things agreeable to the people as if God would deliver them the people as if God would deliver them the people as if God would deliver them out of the dangers they were in. out of the dangers they were in. out of the dangers they were in. They had also carried off what was out They had also carried off what was out They had also carried off what was out of the city that they might not leave of the city that they might not leave of the city that they might not leave anything to afford sustenance either for anything to afford sustenance either for anything to afford sustenance either for men or for beasts. And by private men or for beasts. And by private men or for beasts. And by private robberies, they made the want of robberies, they made the want of robberies, they made the want of necessaries greater. necessaries greater. necessaries greater. When Herod understood this, he opposed When Herod understood this, he opposed When Herod understood this, he opposed ambushes in the fittest places against ambushes in the fittest places against ambushes in the fittest places against their private robberies, and he sent their private robberies, and he sent their private robberies, and he sent legions of armed men to bring its legions of armed men to bring its legions of armed men to bring its provisions and that from remote places, provisions and that from remote places, provisions and that from remote places, so that in a little time they had great so that in a little time they had great so that in a little time they had great plenty of provisions. plenty of provisions. plenty of provisions. Now, the three bulwarks were easily Now, the three bulwarks were easily Now, the three bulwarks were easily erected because so many hands were erected because so many hands were erected because so many hands were continually at work upon it. For it was continually at work upon it. For it was continually at work upon it. For it was summer and there was nothing to hinder summer and there was nothing to hinder summer and there was nothing to hinder them in raising their works, neither them in raising their works, neither them in raising their works, neither from the air nor from the workmen. from the air nor from the workmen. from the air nor from the workmen. So, they brought their engines to bear So, they brought their engines to bear So, they brought their engines to bear and shook the walls of the city and and shook the walls of the city and and shook the walls of the city and tried all manner of ways to get it. Yet tried all manner of ways to get it. Yet tried all manner of ways to get it. Yet did not those within discover any fear, did not those within discover any fear, did not those within discover any fear, but they also contrived not a few but they also contrived not a few but they also contrived not a few engines to oppose their engines withal.

engines to oppose their engines withal. engines to oppose their engines withal. They also sallied out and burnt not only They also sallied out and burnt not only They also sallied out and burnt not only those engines that were not yet those engines that were not yet those engines that were not yet perfected, but those that were. And when perfected, but those that were. And when perfected, but those that were. And when they came hand to hand, their attempts they came hand to hand, their attempts they came hand to hand, their attempts were not less bold than those of the were not less bold than those of the were not less bold than those of the Romans, though they were behind them in Romans, though they were behind them in Romans, though they were behind them in skill. skill. skill. They also erected new works when the They also erected new works when the They also erected new works when the former were ruined, and making mines former were ruined, and making mines former were ruined, and making mines underground, they met each other and underground, they met each other and underground, they met each other and fought there. And making use of brutish fought there. And making use of brutish fought there. And making use of brutish courage rather than of prudent valor, courage rather than of prudent valor, courage rather than of prudent valor, they persisted in this war to the very they persisted in this war to the very they persisted in this war to the very last. And this they did while a mighty last. And this they did while a mighty last. And this they did while a mighty army lay round about them, and while army lay round about them, and while army lay round about them, and while they were distressed by famine and the they were distressed by famine and the they were distressed by famine and the want of necessaries, for this happened want of necessaries, for this happened want of necessaries, for this happened to be a sabbatic year. to be a sabbatic year. to be a sabbatic year. The first that scaled the walls were 20 The first that scaled the walls were 20 The first that scaled the walls were 20 chosen men, and next were Sosius' chosen men, and next were Sosius' chosen men, and next were Sosius' centurions. centurions. centurions. For the first wall was taken in 40 days, For the first wall was taken in 40 days, For the first wall was taken in 40 days, and the second in 15 more, when some of and the second in 15 more, when some of and the second in 15 more, when some of the cloisters that were about the temple the cloisters that were about the temple the cloisters that were about the temple were burnt, which Herod gave out to have were burnt, which Herod gave out to have were burnt, which Herod gave out to have been burnt by Antigonus in order to been burnt by Antigonus in order to been burnt by Antigonus in order to expose him to the hatred of the Jews.

expose him to the hatred of the Jews. expose him to the hatred of the Jews. And when the outer court of the temple And when the outer court of the temple And when the outer court of the temple and the lower city were taken, the Jews and the lower city were taken, the Jews and the lower city were taken, the Jews fled into the inner court of the temple fled into the inner court of the temple fled into the inner court of the temple and into the upper city. and into the upper city. and into the upper city. But now fearing lest the Romans should But now fearing lest the Romans should But now fearing lest the Romans should hinder them from offering their daily hinder them from offering their daily hinder them from offering their daily sacrifices to God, they sent an sacrifices to God, they sent an sacrifices to God, they sent an embassage and desired that they would embassage and desired that they would embassage and desired that they would only permit them to bring in beasts for only permit them to bring in beasts for only permit them to bring in beasts for sacrifices, which Herod granted, hoping sacrifices, which Herod granted, hoping sacrifices, which Herod granted, hoping they were going to yield. they were going to yield. they were going to yield. But when he saw that they did nothing of But when he saw that they did nothing of But when he saw that they did nothing of what he supposed, but bitterly opposed what he supposed, but bitterly opposed what he supposed, but bitterly opposed him in order to preserve the kingdom to him in order to preserve the kingdom to him in order to preserve the kingdom to Antigonus, he made an assault upon the Antigonus, he made an assault upon the Antigonus, he made an assault upon the city and took it by storm. city and took it by storm. city and took it by storm. And now all parts were full of those And now all parts were full of those And now all parts were full of those that were slain by the rage of the that were slain by the rage of the that were slain by the rage of the Romans at the long duration of the Romans at the long duration of the Romans at the long duration of the siege, and by the zeal of the Jews that siege, and by the zeal of the Jews that siege, and by the zeal of the Jews that were on Herod's side, who were not were on Herod's side, who were not were on Herod's side, who were not willing to leave one of their willing to leave one of their willing to leave one of their adversaries alive. adversaries alive. adversaries alive. So they were murdered continually in the So they were murdered continually in the So they were murdered continually in the narrow streets and in the houses by narrow streets and in the houses by narrow streets and in the houses by crowds. And as they were flying to the crowds. And as they were flying to the crowds. And as they were flying to the temple for shelter, and there was no temple for shelter, and there was no temple for shelter, and there was no pity taken of either infants or the pity taken of either infants or the pity taken of either infants or the aged, nor did they spare so much as the aged, nor did they spare so much as the aged, nor did they spare so much as the weaker sex.

weaker sex. weaker sex. Nay, although the king sent about and Nay, although the king sent about and Nay, although the king sent about and besought them to spare the people, yet besought them to spare the people, yet besought them to spare the people, yet nobody restrained their hand from nobody restrained their hand from nobody restrained their hand from slaughter. But, as if they were a slaughter. But, as if they were a slaughter. But, as if they were a company of madmen, they fell upon company of madmen, they fell upon company of madmen, they fell upon persons of all ages without distinction. persons of all ages without distinction. persons of all ages without distinction. And then Antigonus, without regard to And then Antigonus, without regard to And then Antigonus, without regard to either his past or present either his past or present either his past or present circumstances, came down from the circumstances, came down from the circumstances, came down from the citadel and fell down at the feet of citadel and fell down at the feet of citadel and fell down at the feet of Sosius, who took no pity of him in the Sosius, who took no pity of him in the Sosius, who took no pity of him in the change of his fortune, but insulted him change of his fortune, but insulted him change of his fortune, but insulted him beyond measure and called him Antigone, beyond measure and called him Antigone, beyond measure and called him Antigone, i.e. a woman and not a man. i.e. a woman and not a man. i.e. a woman and not a man. Yet did he not treat him as if he were a Yet did he not treat him as if he were a Yet did he not treat him as if he were a woman by letting him go at liberty, but woman by letting him go at liberty, but woman by letting him go at liberty, but put him into bonds and kept him in close put him into bonds and kept him in close put him into bonds and kept him in close custody. custody. custody. And now Herod, having overcome his And now Herod, having overcome his And now Herod, having overcome his enemies, his care was to govern those enemies, his care was to govern those enemies, his care was to govern those foreigners who had been his assistants. foreigners who had been his assistants. foreigners who had been his assistants. For the crowd of strangers rushed to see For the crowd of strangers rushed to see For the crowd of strangers rushed to see the temple and the sacred things in the the temple and the sacred things in the the temple and the sacred things in the temple. But the king, thinking a victory temple. But the king, thinking a victory temple. But the king, thinking a victory to be a more severe affliction than a to be a more severe affliction than a to be a more severe affliction than a defeat, if any of those things which was defeat, if any of those things which was defeat, if any of those things which was not lawful to see should be seen by not lawful to see should be seen by not lawful to see should be seen by them, used entreaties and threatenings them, used entreaties and threatenings them, used entreaties and threatenings and even sometimes force itself to and even sometimes force itself to and even sometimes force itself to restrain them.

restrain them. restrain them. He also prohibited the ravage that was He also prohibited the ravage that was He also prohibited the ravage that was made in the city and many times asked made in the city and many times asked made in the city and many times asked Sosius whether the Romans would empty Sosius whether the Romans would empty Sosius whether the Romans would empty the city both of money and men and leave the city both of money and men and leave the city both of money and men and leave him king of a desert. And told him that him king of a desert. And told him that him king of a desert. And told him that he esteemed the dominion over the whole he esteemed the dominion over the whole he esteemed the dominion over the whole habitable earth as by no means an habitable earth as by no means an habitable earth as by no means an equivalent satisfaction for such a equivalent satisfaction for such a equivalent satisfaction for such a murder of his citizens. murder of his citizens. murder of his citizens. And when he said that this plunder was And when he said that this plunder was And when he said that this plunder was justly to be permitted the soldiers for justly to be permitted the soldiers for justly to be permitted the soldiers for the siege they had undergone, he replied the siege they had undergone, he replied the siege they had undergone, he replied that he would give every one their that he would give every one their that he would give every one their reward out of his own money. And by this reward out of his own money. And by this reward out of his own money. And by this means he redeemed what remained of the means he redeemed what remained of the means he redeemed what remained of the city from destruction. city from destruction. city from destruction. And he performed what he had promised And he performed what he had promised And he performed what he had promised him, for he gave a noble present to him, for he gave a noble present to him, for he gave a noble present to every soldier and a proportionable every soldier and a proportionable every soldier and a proportionable present to their commanders, but a most present to their commanders, but a most present to their commanders, but a most royal present to Sosius himself till royal present to Sosius himself till royal present to Sosius himself till they all went away full of money. they all went away full of money. they all went away full of money. This destruction befell the city of This destruction befell the city of This destruction befell the city of Jerusalem when Marcus Agrippa and Jerusalem when Marcus Agrippa and Jerusalem when Marcus Agrippa and Caninius Gallus were consuls of Rome on Caninius Gallus were consuls of Rome on Caninius Gallus were consuls of Rome on the 185th Olympiad, on the third month, the 185th Olympiad, on the third month, the 185th Olympiad, on the third month, on the solemnity of the fast, as if a on the solemnity of the fast, as if a on the solemnity of the fast, as if a periodical revolution of calamities had periodical revolution of calamities had periodical revolution of calamities had returned since that which befell the returned since that which befell the returned since that which befell the Jews under Pompey.

Jews under Pompey. Jews under Pompey. For the Jews were taken by him on the For the Jews were taken by him on the For the Jews were taken by him on the same day, and this was after 27 years same day, and this was after 27 years same day, and this was after 27 years time. time. time. So, when Sosius had dedicated a crown of So, when Sosius had dedicated a crown of So, when Sosius had dedicated a crown of gold to God, he marched away from gold to God, he marched away from gold to God, he marched away from Jerusalem and carried Antigonus with him Jerusalem and carried Antigonus with him Jerusalem and carried Antigonus with him in bonds to Antony. in bonds to Antony. in bonds to Antony. But Herod was afraid lest Antigonus But Herod was afraid lest Antigonus But Herod was afraid lest Antigonus should be kept in prison only by Antony, should be kept in prison only by Antony, should be kept in prison only by Antony, and that when he was carried to Rome by and that when he was carried to Rome by and that when he was carried to Rome by him, he might get his cause to be heard him, he might get his cause to be heard him, he might get his cause to be heard by the senate and might demonstrate, as by the senate and might demonstrate, as by the senate and might demonstrate, as he was himself of the royal blood and he was himself of the royal blood and he was himself of the royal blood and Herod but a private man, that therefore Herod but a private man, that therefore Herod but a private man, that therefore it belonged to his sons, however to have it belonged to his sons, however to have it belonged to his sons, however to have the kingdom on account of the family the kingdom on account of the family the kingdom on account of the family they were of in case he had himself they were of in case he had himself they were of in case he had himself offended the Romans by what he had done. offended the Romans by what he had done. offended the Romans by what he had done. Out of Herod's fear of this it was that Out of Herod's fear of this it was that Out of Herod's fear of this it was that he, by giving Antony a great deal of he, by giving Antony a great deal of he, by giving Antony a great deal of money, endeavored to persuade him to money, endeavored to persuade him to money, endeavored to persuade him to have Antigonus slain, which if it were have Antigonus slain, which if it were have Antigonus slain, which if it were once done, he should be free from that once done, he should be free from that once done, he should be free from that fear. fear. fear. And thus did the government of the And thus did the government of the And thus did the government of the Asamoneans cease 126 Asamoneans cease 126 Asamoneans cease 126 years after it was first set up.

years after it was first set up. years after it was first set up. This family was a splendid and an This family was a splendid and an This family was a splendid and an illustrious one, both on account of the illustrious one, both on account of the illustrious one, both on account of the nobility of their stock and of the nobility of their stock and of the nobility of their stock and of the dignity of the high priesthood, as also dignity of the high priesthood, as also dignity of the high priesthood, as also for the glorious actions their ancestors for the glorious actions their ancestors for the glorious actions their ancestors had performed for our nation. had performed for our nation. had performed for our nation. But these men lost the government by But these men lost the government by But these men lost the government by their dissensions one with another, and their dissensions one with another, and their dissensions one with another, and it came to Herod, the son of Antipater, it came to Herod, the son of Antipater, it came to Herod, the son of Antipater, who was of no more than a vulgar family who was of no more than a vulgar family who was of no more than a vulgar family and of no eminent extraction, but one and of no eminent extraction, but one and of no eminent extraction, but one that was subject to other kings. that was subject to other kings. that was subject to other kings. And this is what history tells us was And this is what history tells us was And this is what history tells us was the end of the Asamonean family. the end of the Asamonean family. the end of the Asamonean family. End of Book 14, Chapters 15 and 16. End End of Book 14, Chapters 15 and 16. End End of Book 14, Chapters 15 and 16. End of Book 14.