🐧 Linux - Window Managers, Wayland & Desktop Environments

Looks like I'm getting a little bit more Looks like I'm getting a little bit more routine in setting up all of the routine in setting up all of the routine in setting up all of the streaming now. Pop out chat. streaming now. Pop out chat. streaming now. Pop out chat. Hey, we have Jose on Twitch. Hello Hey, we have Jose on Twitch. Hello Hey, we have Jose on Twitch. Hello there. Oh, we got some people coming in Oh, we got some people coming in already. already. already. Hello everybody. Tell me guys, where are you calling Tell me guys, where are you calling where are you joining in from today? I see good morning. I see good I see good morning. I see good afternoon. afternoon. afternoon. It tells me there's a few time zones uh It tells me there's a few time zones uh It tells me there's a few time zones uh joining today. For me it is afternoon. It is now For me it is afternoon. It is now uh almost 5:00 p.m. for me.

Just setting up my screen and Just setting up my screen and everything. So 1 2 3 4 5. This is actually stream 1 2 3 4 5. This is actually stream number six already. Those of you who have been since the Those of you who have been since the beginning, I beginning, I beginning, I committed to doing at least eight committed to doing at least eight committed to doing at least eight streams streams streams um based around Linux. um based around Linux. um based around Linux. So we are So we are So we are on stream number six already. So at the at stream number eight we will So at the at stream number eight we will see how far we've gotten and uh what see how far we've gotten and uh what see how far we've gotten and uh what we're going to do next. we're going to do next. we're going to do next. So and I think and I think yeah, I can start sharing yeah, I can start sharing yeah, I can start sharing my screen now.

There we go. There we go. Now you should be able to see my screen. Now you should be able to see my screen. Now you should be able to see my screen. >> [snorts] Always do a Linux penguin, of course. Always do a Linux penguin, of course. Cool. Then with that we are actually Cool. Then with that we are actually Cool. Then with that we are actually ready to go. How about we post this to X ready to go. How about we post this to X ready to go. How about we post this to X as well, actually.

Guys, if you're not on X, if you're I Guys, if you're not on X, if you're I mean if you are on X mean if you are on X mean if you are on X Oh, look. Marino Wietsche, he is in Oh, look. Marino Wietsche, he is in Oh, look. Marino Wietsche, he is in Amsterdam. Amsterdam. Amsterdam. That's cool. That's cool. That's cool. He's a pretty big name in the in the He's a pretty big name in the in the He's a pretty big name in the in the tech space. tech space. tech space. Welcome to Amsterdam. If you like tea If you like tea check out Oh, what's it called again? check out Oh, what's it called again? check out Oh, what's it called again? If you're ever in Amsterdam, you have to If you're ever in Amsterdam, you have to If you're ever in Amsterdam, you have to check out this tea shop. Um How can I forget that name now? How can I forget that name now? Moychay, that's it. Moychay, that's it. Moychay, that's it. This is the one of the best um It's uh It's uh shop that sells specialized Chinese tea.

shop that sells specialized Chinese tea. shop that sells specialized Chinese tea. And they also grow their own tea. It's And they also grow their own tea. It's And they also grow their own tea. It's uh it's owned by a Georgian guy. uh it's owned by a Georgian guy. uh it's owned by a Georgian guy. Actually, I have gotten out out of the Actually, I have gotten out out of the Actually, I have gotten out out of the tea hobby recent like tea hobby recent like tea hobby recent like past year. I don't past year. I don't past year. I don't I'm just too busy, but like the I'm just too busy, but like the I'm just too busy, but like the Chinese tea is an amazing hobby to do Chinese tea is an amazing hobby to do Chinese tea is an amazing hobby to do and I was really into it and I was really into it and I was really into it because because because I mean it goes so deep in how I mean it goes so deep in how I mean it goes so deep in how how good tea can get. Like I was amazed how good tea can get. Like I was amazed how good tea can get. Like I was amazed if you buy proper Chinese tea, like if you buy proper Chinese tea, like if you buy proper Chinese tea, like expensive Chinese tea. expensive Chinese tea. expensive Chinese tea. Like they've gotten a little bit more Like they've gotten a little bit more Like they've gotten a little bit more commercial here. commercial here. commercial here. Actually, the best place to do it is um Nan Nuo Shan tea. Nan Nuo Shan tea. This is a German guy. This is where I This is a German guy. This is where I This is a German guy. This is where I buy my tea now. buy my tea now. buy my tea now. But if you buy tea from here, like he But if you buy tea from here, like he But if you buy tea from here, like he sources it himself from China. sources it himself from China. sources it himself from China. And it's really expensive, but And it's really expensive, but And it's really expensive, but like I I never thought that tea could like I I never thought that tea could like I I never thought that tea could taste this good. Like you can have like taste this good. Like you can have like taste this good. Like you can have like tea with actual fruit flavor.

tea with actual fruit flavor. tea with actual fruit flavor. All sorts of good flavors. It's much All sorts of good flavors. It's much All sorts of good flavors. It's much better than coffee, much healthier for better than coffee, much healthier for better than coffee, much healthier for you. you. you. But these days I just drink coffee in But these days I just drink coffee in But these days I just drink coffee in the mornings. the mornings. the mornings. But um yeah. But um yeah. But um yeah. So what was I doing again? Oh yeah, I So what was I doing again? Oh yeah, I So what was I doing again? Oh yeah, I was I was posting was I was posting was I was posting the stream link to um um X. That was what we were doing. X. Doing some live Doing some live Linux teaching. Cool. Cool. We got some people coming. We got some people coming. We got some people coming. Is that a Prusa i3 MK1? Yes, that is a Is that a Prusa i3 MK1? Yes, that is a Is that a Prusa i3 MK1? Yes, that is a Prusa i3 MK1. Prusa i3 MK1. Prusa i3 MK1. That's what I'm doing. That's what I'm doing. That's what I'm doing. I'm printing something in the I'm printing something in the I'm printing something in the background. Um This is a This is a bit of a reveal here.

bit of a reveal here. bit of a reveal here. Let's see. So So what I'm printing is um So if you don't know, like So if you don't know, like um what I do for a living is I teach um what I do for a living is I teach um what I do for a living is I teach people to become DevOps engineers and people to become DevOps engineers and people to become DevOps engineers and I'm very successful at it. I'm very successful at it. I'm very successful at it. We are landing jobs uh almost every We are landing jobs uh almost every We are landing jobs uh almost every week. week. week. And so people come to me and they can And so people come to me and they can And so people come to me and they can they can learn everything from even if they can learn everything from even if they can learn everything from even if you're a complete beginner, I can teach you're a complete beginner, I can teach you're a complete beginner, I can teach you how to become a DevOps engineer. you how to become a DevOps engineer. you how to become a DevOps engineer. And it's the whole it's a whole program And it's the whole it's a whole program And it's the whole it's a whole program from start to finish. This is what I do. from start to finish. This is what I do. from start to finish. This is what I do. And when someone then lands the job And when someone then lands the job And when someone then lands the job I am I am I am um um um Hold on. Here, stop sharing. There we Hold on. Here, stop sharing. There we Hold on. Here, stop sharing. There we go. go. go. I'm I created this award for people I'm I created this award for people I'm I created this award for people that when you land a job, then I will that when you land a job, then I will that when you land a job, then I will make I will give you this reward.

make I will give you this reward. make I will give you this reward. And then what's really cool is And then what's really cool is And then what's really cool is um So we're still working on this. So we're still working on this. But But But when you then get the reward, then when you then get the reward, then when you then get the reward, then when you land the job, I'm going to give when you land the job, I'm going to give when you land the job, I'm going to give you a reward you a reward you a reward complete with a complete with a complete with a UB key. UB key. UB key. Hold on. Here. Here. So, the prize is you get the the 3D So, the prize is you get the the 3D So, the prize is you get the the 3D printed trophy. You would get a 3D printed trophy with a You would get a 3D printed trophy with a UB key in the middle. Wait, can I get UB key in the middle. Wait, can I get UB key in the middle. Wait, can I get that to zoom? Yeah. that to zoom? Yeah. that to zoom? Yeah. So, there's the UB key and like this So, there's the UB key and like this So, there's the UB key and like this should be glued so it's not moving should be glued so it's not moving should be glued so it's not moving actually, but actually, but actually, but it's the trophy. it's the trophy. it's the trophy. And yeah, so this as you can see it's And yeah, so this as you can see it's And yeah, so this as you can see it's the CubeCraft logo, right?

the CubeCraft logo, right? the CubeCraft logo, right? I will show it back in a second, but I will show it back in a second, but I will show it back in a second, but this is my company logo. this is my company logo. this is my company logo. And so, I print I print the logo And so, I print I print the logo And so, I print I print the logo and the whole stand and I I paid someone and the whole stand and I I paid someone and the whole stand and I I paid someone a few hundred dollars to design this. a few hundred dollars to design this. a few hundred dollars to design this. And so, I'm making the first proof of And so, I'm making the first proof of And so, I'm making the first proof of concept prints for that. So, concept prints for that. So, concept prints for that. So, that is what's the what you see printing that is what's the what you see printing that is what's the what you see printing in the background. And that's pretty cool. And that's pretty cool. Let me see. Let me switch back to Let me see. Let me switch back to Let me see. Let me switch back to picture-in-picture screen. picture-in-picture screen. picture-in-picture screen. Entire screen. Here. So, now you should be able to see Here. So, now you should be able to see my screen again. my screen again. my screen again. So, yeah, that is my the logo. So, if So, yeah, that is my the logo. So, if So, yeah, that is my the logo. So, if you look here, you look here, you look here, this is the company logo, CubeCraft, and this is the company logo, CubeCraft, and this is the company logo, CubeCraft, and that is why um that is why um that is why um what it looks like that. what it looks like that. what it looks like that. And actually, I can I can tell you the And actually, I can I can tell you the And actually, I can I can tell you the story behind the logo. story behind the logo. story behind the logo. Um the logo Um the logo Um the logo is is is of course inspired by the Kubernetes of course inspired by the Kubernetes of course inspired by the Kubernetes logo logo logo because I'm a Kubernetes expert. I because I'm a Kubernetes expert. I because I'm a Kubernetes expert. I focus completely on Kubernetes.

focus completely on Kubernetes. focus completely on Kubernetes. And Kubernetes changed my life. And Kubernetes changed my life. And Kubernetes changed my life. So, cube So, cube So, cube is of course um is of course um is of course um the name in CubeCraft is cube for the name in CubeCraft is cube for the name in CubeCraft is cube for Kubernetes. Kubernetes. Kubernetes. So, the logo then is a reference to So, the logo then is a reference to So, the logo then is a reference to Kubernetes. Kubernetes. Kubernetes. Actually, is there Actually, is there Actually, is there um the craftsman's mindset here. the craftsman's mindset here. So, here So, here So, here the when you join and you see the the when you join and you see the the when you join and you see the craftsman's mindset, you can you can craftsman's mindset, you can you can craftsman's mindset, you can you can look into it. look into it. look into it. But But But the logo then is inspired by the logo then is inspired by the logo then is inspired by the by by the Kubernetes logo the by by the Kubernetes logo the by by the Kubernetes logo and also the Dharma wheel. and also the Dharma wheel. and also the Dharma wheel. So, it's the noble eightfold path So, it's the noble eightfold path So, it's the noble eightfold path and it symbolizes living a balanced and it symbolizes living a balanced and it symbolizes living a balanced life. life. life. So, I combined that with the Kubernetes So, I combined that with the Kubernetes So, I combined that with the Kubernetes logo and the Dharma wheel. logo and the Dharma wheel. logo and the Dharma wheel. So, it is I'm not going to go into the So, it is I'm not going to go into the So, it is I'm not going to go into the Buddhist teachings, but that's what it's Buddhist teachings, but that's what it's Buddhist teachings, but that's what it's inspired by. So, this wheel is actually inspired by. So, this wheel is actually inspired by. So, this wheel is actually not eight-pronged.

not eight-pronged. not eight-pronged. It's 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 What? 1 2 3 Yeah, it's seven-pronged. Yeah, it's seven-pronged. Um Um Um but then you will see that in the in the but then you will see that in the in the but then you will see that in the in the middle of the logo is a gear and that middle of the logo is a gear and that middle of the logo is a gear and that stands for engineering and the craft, stands for engineering and the craft, stands for engineering and the craft, right? right? right? So, there's a a whole So, there's a a whole So, there's a a whole there's a lot behind this logo that I there's a lot behind this logo that I there's a lot behind this logo that I put into it and also the name. So, put into it and also the name. So, put into it and also the name. So, Kubernetes I I believe a tech career is Kubernetes I I believe a tech career is Kubernetes I I believe a tech career is a craftsman's career. a craftsman's career. a craftsman's career. To become a good engineer, you have to To become a good engineer, you have to To become a good engineer, you have to approach it like a craft, right? So, approach it like a craft, right? So, approach it like a craft, right? So, that's why the name CubeCraft comes that's why the name CubeCraft comes that's why the name CubeCraft comes from. from. from. And um the the gear icon inside of the And um the the gear icon inside of the And um the the gear icon inside of the logo references the engineering craft logo references the engineering craft logo references the engineering craft and and and the the emphasis I put on learning the the the emphasis I put on learning the the the emphasis I put on learning the craft and seeing it as a craft. craft and seeing it as a craft. craft and seeing it as a craft. Uh so, my students, they Uh so, my students, they Uh so, my students, they like this is not some sort of boot camp like this is not some sort of boot camp like this is not some sort of boot camp where you go in and you um where you go in and you um where you go in and you um learn DevOps in 6 weeks and think you're learn DevOps in 6 weeks and think you're learn DevOps in 6 weeks and think you're done. No, I'm I'm teaching people as done. No, I'm I'm teaching people as done. No, I'm I'm teaching people as you've seen in the free Linux course you've seen in the free Linux course you've seen in the free Linux course already.

already. already. I'm teaching people how to I'm teaching people how to I'm teaching people how to actually understand what they're doing. actually understand what they're doing. actually understand what they're doing. Uh the containers course is a is a 6 Uh the containers course is a is a 6 Uh the containers course is a is a 6 hours alone. hours alone. hours alone. We go like 20 hours into Linux, learning We go like 20 hours into Linux, learning We go like 20 hours into Linux, learning Vim, everything, how to start from Vim, everything, how to start from Vim, everything, how to start from scratch and actually learn these things. scratch and actually learn these things. scratch and actually learn these things. So, yeah, craft. So, yeah, that was So, yeah, craft. So, yeah, that was So, yeah, craft. So, yeah, that was that's what I'm printing. that's what I'm printing. that's what I'm printing. So, So, So, if you didn't know already, the free if you didn't know already, the free if you didn't know already, the free Linux course is available here. You're a tea head, too? Yeah, I'm You're a tea head, too? Yeah, I'm definitely a tea head. Yeah. definitely a tea head. Yeah. definitely a tea head. Yeah. But I'm I'm I'm not doing it as much But I'm I'm I'm not doing it as much But I'm I'm I'm not doing it as much recently. recently. recently. I'm I'm a bit too busy with the I'm I'm a bit too busy with the I'm I'm a bit too busy with the business, unfortunately. business, unfortunately. business, unfortunately. Farmer Leaf has EU presence now. Okay, Farmer Leaf has EU presence now. Okay, Farmer Leaf has EU presence now. Okay, so Farmer Leaf. What is that?

I believe Yunnan is the area in China I believe Yunnan is the area in China that's ref um that's ref um that's ref um that is that is that is famous for tea. It's like a region. famous for tea. It's like a region. famous for tea. It's like a region. I'm not completely sure. I'm not completely sure. I'm not completely sure. Oh, but this is really cool. Thank you Oh, but this is really cool. Thank you Oh, but this is really cool. Thank you for mentioning that. Yunnan. So, they ship to you the you EU as well So, they ship to you the you EU as well now. That's really cool. Yeah, the the now. That's really cool. Yeah, the the now. That's really cool. Yeah, the the true originals true originals true originals tea wear. This is lovely. tea wear. This is lovely. tea wear. This is lovely. Thank you very much for this tip. I'm Thank you very much for this tip. I'm Thank you very much for this tip. I'm going to save that. Hope to earn that trophy one day. Yeah, Hope to earn that trophy one day. Yeah, man. man. man. Go for it. Magnets to make the inside part Magnets to make the inside part floating. That's actually a really cool floating. That's actually a really cool floating. That's actually a really cool idea. That's actually a very cool idea. Yeah. That's actually a very cool idea. Yeah. Uh this is just the first proof of Uh this is just the first proof of Uh this is just the first proof of concept, concept, concept, but that is actually a really cool way but that is actually a really cool way but that is actually a really cool way to do it. Um Yeah, okay. So, now it is Oh, yeah, we Yeah, okay. So, now it is Oh, yeah, we are actually are actually are actually like we were scheduled to start on 4:00 like we were scheduled to start on 4:00 like we were scheduled to start on 4:00 p.m. So, now we can start.

p.m. So, now we can start. p.m. So, now we can start. So, yeah, I'm So, yeah, I'm So, yeah, I'm in the first of these Linux streams, I in the first of these Linux streams, I in the first of these Linux streams, I was a bit more um I had a bit of more of was a bit more um I had a bit of more of was a bit more um I had a bit of more of a plan, a plan, a plan, but I'm just doing these streams like but I'm just doing these streams like but I'm just doing these streams like uh I'm I'm carving out some time in my uh I'm I'm carving out some time in my uh I'm I'm carving out some time in my busy week to do these streams busy week to do these streams busy week to do these streams and I don't have much time to prepare and I don't have much time to prepare and I don't have much time to prepare for them. So, I'm just um for them. So, I'm just um for them. So, I'm just um riffing off them. riffing off them. riffing off them. Uh so, last week we discussed Uh so, last week we discussed Uh so, last week we discussed oops. Yeah, okay. So, let me see. Yeah, okay. So, let me see. tmux So, last week we discussed window So, last week we discussed window managers and desktop environments, what managers and desktop environments, what managers and desktop environments, what a GUI is, what a window manager is. a GUI is, what a window manager is. a GUI is, what a window manager is. We um we discussed all of that and then we discussed all of that and then last week we ended up at last week we ended up at last week we ended up at um um um Wayland Wayland Wayland and X Xorg X11.

and X Xorg X11. and X Xorg X11. And there were some questions about And there were some questions about And there were some questions about awesomewm. awesomewm. awesomewm. So, we can we can discuss a little bit So, we can we can discuss a little bit So, we can we can discuss a little bit about Wayland and X11, et cetera. about Wayland and X11, et cetera. about Wayland and X11, et cetera. Uh but if you have any other questions Uh but if you have any other questions Uh but if you have any other questions before that, just let me know and I'm before that, just let me know and I'm before that, just let me know and I'm happy to dig into things um happy to dig into things um happy to dig into things um before we go into that. before we go into that. before we go into that. So, the next one was So, the next one was So, the next one was Wayland awesomewm. Wayland awesomewm. Wayland awesomewm. Yeah, here we go. Yeah, here we go. Yeah, here we go. So, that's the plan for today. First live session. Hey, I recognize you First live session. Hey, I recognize you from the Linux community. That's nice. from the Linux community. That's nice. from the Linux community. That's nice. You are very active GK. You are very active GK. You are very active GK. See, can I No, I don't want to put user in timeout, No, I don't want to put user in timeout, but I can but I can but I can pin you.

pin you. pin you. Here. Yeah. I'll pin you for a bit. How Here. Yeah. I'll pin you for a bit. How Here. Yeah. I'll pin you for a bit. How about that? about that? about that? >> [laughter] >> I drink tea from Republic of Tea. Okay. >> I drink tea from Republic of Tea. Okay. How to come into the school community? How to come into the school community? How to come into the school community? Yeah, I will share the link. Yeah, I will share the link. Yeah, I will share the link. Here. Awesomewm hot take. Okay, yeah. We can Awesomewm hot take. Okay, yeah. We can do that. do that. do that. Join first time today. Uh yes, we do have the arc the sessions Uh yes, we do have the arc the sessions archived. archived. archived. If you look in the classroom, If you look in the classroom, If you look in the classroom, if you go to the free Linux course and if you go to the free Linux course and if you go to the free Linux course and then go to the classroom, then here in then go to the classroom, then here in then go to the classroom, then here in the deep dive workshops, the deep dive workshops, the deep dive workshops, this is um this is um this is um where you can see other all the where you can see other all the where you can see other all the recordings of the live streams.

Damn, there's already Damn, there's already six eight six eight six eight Damn, there's already eight plus nine Damn, there's already eight plus nine Damn, there's already eight plus nine hours of of content there already. hours of of content there already. hours of of content there already. Lots of value value. Yeah, interested in Misha's or Marci hot Yeah, interested in Misha's or Marci hot take. Maybe we should start with Omarci. take. Maybe we should start with Omarci. take. Maybe we should start with Omarci. How to customize the Omarci way bar How to customize the Omarci way bar How to customize the Omarci way bar theme. Yeah, okay. theme. Yeah, okay. theme. Yeah, okay. Well, this is actually Well, this is actually Well, this is actually already already already proving my points why I I think Omarci proving my points why I I think Omarci proving my points why I I think Omarci is a bad idea. Um Um and it's also related to this question. and it's also related to this question. and it's also related to this question. Do you recommend we start with default Do you recommend we start with default Do you recommend we start with default Neovim or is it LazyVim better for less Neovim or is it LazyVim better for less Neovim or is it LazyVim better for less setup? So, I've done a very spicy um setup? So, I've done a very spicy um setup? So, I've done a very spicy um stream earlier stream earlier stream earlier um on learning Vim um on learning Vim um on learning Vim and I spent like 2 hours explaining and I spent like 2 hours explaining and I spent like 2 hours explaining exactly that question. The short answer exactly that question. The short answer exactly that question. The short answer is no, you should not start with is no, you should not start with is no, you should not start with LazyVim. You should not start with LazyVim. You should not start with LazyVim. You should not start with Neovim. Neovim. Neovim. You should start with VI and Vim and You should start with VI and Vim and You should start with VI and Vim and learn it properly before you even think learn it properly before you even think learn it properly before you even think about going towards Neovim. So, about going towards Neovim. So, about going towards Neovim. So, it's the week four here in the free it's the week four here in the free it's the week four here in the free Linux course. I'll share the link.

Linux course. I'll share the link. Linux course. I'll share the link. Um Um Um if you want to know my exact reasons, if you want to know my exact reasons, if you want to know my exact reasons, then you go there and watch that. then you go there and watch that. then you go there and watch that. Um I've got a perfect learn to reuse I've got a perfect learn to reuse regular VI case from Friday when I had regular VI case from Friday when I had regular VI case from Friday when I had to repair a broken VM in Azure. I'll to repair a broken VM in Azure. I'll to repair a broken VM in Azure. I'll post it in the group. Yeah. post it in the group. Yeah. post it in the group. Yeah. Warden, please please post that Warden, please please post that Warden, please please post that because that I I'm I think I already because that I I'm I think I already because that I I'm I think I already know um know um know um what you are going to say what you are going to say what you are going to say and it's actually already a case in and it's actually already a case in and it's actually already a case in point that that you are saying this. I point that that you are saying this. I point that that you are saying this. I would really appreciate it if you could would really appreciate it if you could would really appreciate it if you could post that in the community. post that in the community. post that in the community. Um yeah. Um yeah. Um yeah. Thanks for everything you do, Master Thanks for everything you do, Master Thanks for everything you do, Master Cube. Well, [laughter] Cube. Well, [laughter] Cube. Well, [laughter] I do my best. Yeah. I do my best. Yeah. I do my best. Yeah. I uh I uh I uh >> [laughter] >> [laughter] >> [laughter] >> Thank you. >> Thank you. >> Thank you. Cool. Cool. Cool. Um well, Omar well, it's hard to decide. Do we start with it's hard to decide. Do we start with Omarci or do we start with Wayland and Omarci or do we start with Wayland and Omarci or do we start with Wayland and X11? Maybe Omarci yeah, okay.

Maybe Omarci yeah, okay. Well, the short answer is don't use Well, the short answer is don't use Well, the short answer is don't use Omarci and I can rant about that, but Omarci and I can rant about that, but Omarci and I can rant about that, but I'm actually feeling very mellow and I'm actually feeling very mellow and I'm actually feeling very mellow and calm this week, so calm this week, so calm this week, so maybe maybe next maybe I'll when I feel maybe maybe next maybe I'll when I feel maybe maybe next maybe I'll when I feel a bit spicier, I'll go into Omarci. a bit spicier, I'll go into Omarci. a bit spicier, I'll go into Omarci. Uh let let's just do X11 and Wayland for Uh let let's just do X11 and Wayland for Uh let let's just do X11 and Wayland for now. now. now. Um but the short answer is no, don't use Um but the short answer is no, don't use Um but the short answer is no, don't use it. it. it. Uh Uh Uh really don't don't do it. really don't don't do it. really don't don't do it. Uh if you want to fire me up, then ask Uh if you want to fire me up, then ask Uh if you want to fire me up, then ask me some questions about it. Maybe I'll me some questions about it. Maybe I'll me some questions about it. Maybe I'll go into it. But let's just quickly go go into it. But let's just quickly go go into it. But let's just quickly go into X11 and Wayland and to be fair, into X11 and Wayland and to be fair, into X11 and Wayland and to be fair, like I'm not some sort of expert in this like I'm not some sort of expert in this like I'm not some sort of expert in this at all. This is more going to be at all. This is more going to be at all. This is more going to be almost like co-researching. almost like co-researching. almost like co-researching. I mean, I I do know the be basics of it, I mean, I I do know the be basics of it, I mean, I I do know the be basics of it, but I I don't have all of this in my but I I don't have all of this in my but I I don't have all of this in my head. So, X11 So, X11 and Wayland, they are both and Wayland, they are both and Wayland, they are both they're both related to they're both related to they're both related to drawing windows on your screen. Okay?

drawing windows on your screen. Okay? drawing windows on your screen. Okay? So, what you're seeing here on the So, what you're seeing here on the So, what you're seeing here on the screen is a GUI, a graphical user screen is a GUI, a graphical user screen is a GUI, a graphical user interface interface interface and every application that I'm running and every application that I'm running and every application that I'm running is visible because there is a is visible because there is a is visible because there is a software running on my computer that software running on my computer that software running on my computer that draws windows on my screen. So, draws windows on my screen. So, draws windows on my screen. So, this browser here is a window this browser here is a window this browser here is a window and and and uh if I open up Thunar uh if I open up Thunar uh if I open up Thunar my file manager, this is another window. my file manager, this is another window. my file manager, this is another window. Okay? Okay? Okay? And I can list the windows even from the And I can list the windows even from the And I can list the windows even from the CLI. CLI. CLI. Uh if I do sway message Let me see. Let me see. Like sway message, I'm not very familiar Like sway message, I'm not very familiar Like sway message, I'm not very familiar with that um Is it workspaces?

Is it workspaces? That's a list of workspaces and their That's a list of workspaces and their That's a list of workspaces and their status. Why can't I get all of the windows? Why can't I get all of the windows? Let's use sway message. Let's use sway message. Let's use sway message. Get workspaces. Why isn't that working? Why isn't that working? What? What? What? How do I get Oh, damn it. My fabric is not working. Oh, damn it. My fabric is not working. Um Now, I want to fix it, too. What?

Now, I want to fix it, too. What? What was it again? Choose model. No, that's just for the Choose model. No, that's just for the one. Why are you not Why are you not Oh, here we go. Oh, here we go. Oh, here we go. Um default AI Um default AI Um default AI vendor and model. Enter the index name of your default Enter the index name of your default model.

model. model. So, So, So, my default model Damn it, and it's not listed. Okay. Damn it, and it's not listed. Okay. Well, Get workspaces. Why why doesn't it just Get workspaces. Why why doesn't it just give me the give me the give me the get workspaces. Is it T sway message?

Is it T sway message? T get T get T get workspaces. Here we go. Finally. workspaces. Here we go. Finally. workspaces. Here we go. Finally. Okay. Okay. Okay. So, So, So, um um um I I apparently have to add the T flag. I I apparently have to add the T flag. I I apparently have to add the T flag. So, if you then if I run sway message T So, if you then if I run sway message T So, if you then if I run sway message T get workspaces, I get a get workspaces, I get a get workspaces, I get a complete um representation of all the complete um representation of all the complete um representation of all the windows windows windows that are running on my screen right now. that are running on my screen right now. that are running on my screen right now. So, there's Thunar in workspaces six. So, there's Thunar in workspaces six. So, there's Thunar in workspaces six. So, if I go to six So, if I go to six So, if I go to six then Thunar is there. then Thunar is there. then Thunar is there. Um workspace eight Um workspace eight Um workspace eight uh has Prusa Prusa Slicer. So, this is uh has Prusa Prusa Slicer. So, this is uh has Prusa Prusa Slicer. So, this is my the model the 3D model that I'm my the model the 3D model that I'm my the model the 3D model that I'm currently uh printing next. Right? So, I currently uh printing next. Right? So, I currently uh printing next. Right? So, I can see in the in the screen in the can see in the in the screen in the can see in the in the screen in the terminal what windows are where all the terminal what windows are where all the terminal what windows are where all the time. Okay? So, you see my Vivaldi, my time. Okay? So, you see my Vivaldi, my time. Okay? So, you see my Vivaldi, my Obsidian. So, that was the point I was Obsidian. So, that was the point I was Obsidian. So, that was the point I was trying to make that trying to make that trying to make that the windows that I have on my screen are the windows that I have on my screen are the windows that I have on my screen are actually just a JSON object living in actually just a JSON object living in actually just a JSON object living in sway.

sway. sway. So, this needs to be drawn on the screen So, this needs to be drawn on the screen So, this needs to be drawn on the screen by something. Okay? Sorry for the by something. Okay? Sorry for the by something. Okay? Sorry for the distraction there, but I I wanted to distraction there, but I I wanted to distraction there, but I I wanted to figure it out. figure it out. figure it out. Um Um Um sway on Fedora. sway on Fedora. sway on Fedora. Yeah. Use QWERTY or Dvorak? I use QWERTY. Use QWERTY or Dvorak? I use QWERTY. Um so, Sway then Um so, Sway then Um so, Sway then and X are are window systems, basically. and X are are window systems, basically. and X are are window systems, basically. Or or Or or Or or software that draws windows on your software that draws windows on your software that draws windows on your screen. That is basically what it is. screen. That is basically what it is. screen. That is basically what it is. Now, X is actually older than Linux. Now, X is actually older than Linux. Now, X is actually older than Linux. Someone said that in the Someone said that in the Someone said that in the in the previous stream. in the previous stream. in the previous stream. Uh but it was a common part of Unix Uh but it was a common part of Unix Uh but it was a common part of Unix operating systems. operating systems. operating systems. So, it's it originated in 1984. And it has been at version 11 since And it has been at version 11 since 1987. Okay, so it's really old. 1987. Okay, so it's really old. 1987. Okay, so it's really old. And And And basically up until 2 years ago, whenever basically up until 2 years ago, whenever basically up until 2 years ago, whenever you would download a you would download a you would download a Linux distribution, it would be running Linux distribution, it would be running Linux distribution, it would be running on X.

And so, this was developed originally And so, this was developed originally for you Unix, but it was adopted into for you Unix, but it was adopted into for you Unix, but it was adopted into Linux or GNU/Linux, basically. And what X does, it creates an X server. And what X does, it creates an X server. And the idea was that you could have And the idea was that you could have And the idea was that you could have many X or that you have an X server on a many X or that you have an X server on a many X or that you have an X server on a large system. large system. large system. And then And then And then many other users could log into that many other users could log into that many other users could log into that system and start their own session, system and start their own session, system and start their own session, basically. basically. basically. Because in the like Because in the like Because in the like we I went into this in the Linux course. But But um um um computers used to be something that like computers used to be something that like computers used to be something that like would live in a company. There would would live in a company. There would would live in a company. There would just be a room with tons of machines. just be a room with tons of machines. just be a room with tons of machines. And it would just be one massive system And it would just be one massive system And it would just be one massive system with many many different users on it. with many many different users on it. with many many different users on it. Okay? Okay? Okay? So, you didn't have your own computer. So, you didn't have your own computer. So, you didn't have your own computer. You had You had You had like a mainframe or you had like a big like a mainframe or you had like a big like a mainframe or you had like a big shared Unix computer.

shared Unix computer. shared Unix computer. Unix Unix Unix usually. usually. usually. And these people then used a terminal to connect to that computer. Now, later to connect to that computer. Now, later when when when um graphical interfaces became popular more graphical interfaces became popular more more common place, then more common place, then more common place, then things like X11 came out in order for to things like X11 came out in order for to things like X11 came out in order for to create a create a create a visual representation of what was going visual representation of what was going visual representation of what was going on. on. on. So, So, So, yeah, on the local machine, you open a yeah, on the local machine, you open a yeah, on the local machine, you open a terminal window, use SSH X to connect to terminal window, use SSH X to connect to terminal window, use SSH X to connect to the remote machine. the remote machine. the remote machine. And then you request a local display's And then you request a local display's And then you request a local display's input service. And the remote X client application will And the remote X client application will then make a connection to the user's then make a connection to the user's then make a connection to the user's local X server, providing display and local X server, providing display and local X server, providing display and input to the user. So, a connection is input to the user. So, a connection is input to the user. So, a connection is between made between the server and the between made between the server and the between made between the server and the user's computer. user's computer. user's computer. So, you could over the network, you So, you could over the network, you So, you could over the network, you could then log in and have a session could then log in and have a session could then log in and have a session over the network over the network over the network um um um to these big shared mainframes.

to these big shared mainframes. to these big shared mainframes. But as you see, this is a very old But as you see, this is a very old But as you see, this is a very old project that has not been in active project that has not been in active project that has not been in active development for a while. So, there are development for a while. So, there are development for a while. So, there are lots of security issues with X. lots of security issues with X. lots of security issues with X. And that is why Wayland was And that is why Wayland was And that is why Wayland was developed. Wayland. Wayland. It's a protocol. It's a protocol. It's a protocol. Are there more Wayland is actually a US Are there more Wayland is actually a US Are there more Wayland is actually a US rock music band. That's interesting. Wayland the Smith. Wayland the Smith. A figure from northern European A figure from northern European A figure from northern European folklore. Wow. folklore. Wow. folklore. Wow. I'm sorry. I'm a little bit distracted I'm sorry. I'm a little bit distracted I'm sorry. I'm a little bit distracted today, but this is really interesting. today, but this is really interesting. today, but this is really interesting. I had no idea that Wayland the Smith was I had no idea that Wayland the Smith was I had no idea that Wayland the Smith was a um a um a um Like this is my cultural heritage. Like Like this is my cultural heritage. Like Like this is my cultural heritage. Like Old Norse. Old Norse. Old Norse. A legendary master blacksmith in Norse A legendary master blacksmith in Norse A legendary master blacksmith in Norse and Germanic mythology. Renowned for his and Germanic mythology. Renowned for his and Germanic mythology. Renowned for his craftsmanship, cunning, and the saga. craftsmanship, cunning, and the saga. craftsmanship, cunning, and the saga. Wow, this is cool. Like I'm all about craftsmanship. Um Like I'm all about craftsmanship. Um maybe Wayland can be the mascot of maybe Wayland can be the mascot of maybe Wayland can be the mascot of CubeCraft.

Wayland is a smith who is enslaved by a Wayland is a smith who is enslaved by a king. king. king. He takes revenge by killing the king's He takes revenge by killing the king's He takes revenge by killing the king's sons and then escapes by crafting a sons and then escapes by crafting a sons and then escapes by crafting a winged cloak and flying away. Really winged cloak and flying away. Really winged cloak and flying away. Really cool. The name Wayland originates from The name Wayland originates from Proto-Germanic Welandaz. Proto-Germanic Welandaz. Proto-Germanic Welandaz. Deriving from Welandz, literally Deriving from Welandz, literally Deriving from Welandz, literally crafting one. crafting one. crafting one. Appears in Old Norse as Wōlandaz or Appears in Old Norse as Wōlandaz or Appears in Old Norse as Wōlandaz or Wieland. Wieland. Wieland. And in Old Frisian as Wēlandu. Very And in Old Frisian as Wēlandu. Very And in Old Frisian as Wēlandu. Very cool. Okay. Okay. I didn't know that. I did I'm I'm I didn't know that. I did I'm I'm I didn't know that. I did I'm I'm wondering if Wayland was wondering if Wayland was wondering if Wayland was um um um named after that. Does it say Like named after that. Does it say Like named after that. Does it say Like usually it will have something about the usually it will have something about the usually it will have something about the name here. It doesn't actually say where the name It doesn't actually say where the name Wayland comes from.

So, well, anyway, So, well, anyway, X11 was very old. Uh there are security X11 was very old. Uh there are security X11 was very old. Uh there are security issues with it. So, already in 2008, issues with it. So, already in 2008, issues with it. So, already in 2008, people were working on this. Um before we go into Wayland, let's see Um before we go into Wayland, let's see if there are any questions yet. if there are any questions yet. if there are any questions yet. Um That's why Waylon Jennings was That's why Waylon Jennings was developed. Yeah. developed. Yeah. developed. Yeah. You have to spell it in the old English You have to spell it in the old English You have to spell it in the old English Weland. Yeah, right. I actually This is actually what I I actually This is actually what I studied. Like I studied English English studied. Like I studied English English studied. Like I studied English English English literature and culture at English literature and culture at English literature and culture at university. university. university. And I had multiple semesters on Old And I had multiple semesters on Old And I had multiple semesters on Old English. So, I I know how to read Old English. So, I I know how to read Old English. So, I I know how to read Old English. English. English. Um Um Um and Old Norse Wōlandaz. and Old Norse Wōlandaz. and Old Norse Wōlandaz. Wēoland.

Wēoland. Wēoland. Yeah. Very cool. Wayland the Smith. Very cool. Wayland the Smith. So, Wayland is then a protocol, right? So, Wayland is then a protocol, right? So, Wayland is then a protocol, right? So, So, So, Wayland is not the server. It's not It's Wayland is not the server. It's not It's Wayland is not the server. It's not It's not the actual thing that not the actual thing that not the actual thing that draws the things on your on your screen. draws the things on your on your screen. draws the things on your on your screen. Wayland is a protocol. Wayland is a protocol. Wayland is a protocol. Okay, that specifies the communication Okay, that specifies the communication Okay, that specifies the communication between a display server and its between a display server and its between a display server and its clients. clients. clients. So, fundamentally, So, fundamentally, So, fundamentally, Wayland is documentation. Wayland is not the actual software. It's Wayland is not the actual software. It's documentation documentation documentation that describes how a Wayland compositor that describes how a Wayland compositor that describes how a Wayland compositor should be implemented. should be implemented. should be implemented. So, So, So, a Wayland compositor then a Wayland compositor then a Wayland compositor then is is is a a a display server that implement the display server that implement the display server that implement the Wayland display server protocol. Wayland display server protocol. Wayland display server protocol. Okay? Okay? Okay? So, a display server So, a display server So, a display server is we we saw that with X, but let's is we we saw that with X, but let's is we we saw that with X, but let's define that as well. A display server or define that as well. A display server or define that as well. A display server or window server is a program whose primary window server is a program whose primary window server is a program whose primary task is to coordinate the input and task is to coordinate the input and task is to coordinate the input and output of its clients and to or from for output of its clients and to or from for output of its clients and to or from for the rest of the operating system and the rest of the operating system and the rest of the operating system and each other. Yeah.

Yeah, so my description was the software Yeah, so my description was the software that is responsible for drawing things that is responsible for drawing things that is responsible for drawing things on your screen. on your screen. on your screen. So, you have your hardware, you have the So, you have your hardware, you have the So, you have your hardware, you have the kernel. kernel. kernel. And then you have the display server And then you have the display server And then you have the display server which then draws the graphical interface which then draws the graphical interface which then draws the graphical interface which then you consume as a user. which then you consume as a user. which then you consume as a user. And the window manager then interacts And the window manager then interacts And the window manager then interacts with the display server to organize with the display server to organize with the display server to organize these things into workspaces, for these things into workspaces, for these things into workspaces, for example. So, So, a Wayland compositor a Wayland compositor a Wayland compositor Maybe we should start writing this down. Maybe we should start writing this down. Maybe we should start writing this down. Okay, so Okay, so Okay, so Wayland. Wayland. Wayland. What is Wayland? Wayland is a protocol. It's not the Wayland is a protocol. It's not the software software software itself. itself. itself. It is documentation that describes It is documentation that describes It is documentation that describes how a Wayland That is fundamentally how I understand That is fundamentally how I understand Wayland. Okay?

Wayland. Okay? Wayland. Okay? So, a compositor is a is a um um um display server that implement the Wayland display that implement the Wayland display server protocol. That is fundamentally what it means. That is fundamentally what it means. A Wayland compositor is a display server A Wayland compositor is a display server A Wayland compositor is a display server that implements the Wayland protocol. there are multiple Wayland compositors. there are multiple Wayland compositors. One of them being Sway. One of them being Sway. One of them being Sway. But is Yeah, Hyperland is also here. But is Yeah, Hyperland is also here. But is Yeah, Hyperland is also here. Woodland. Woodland. Woodland. So, there So, there So, there the When I say Sway is a window manager, the When I say Sway is a window manager, the When I say Sway is a window manager, it is like the the the name actually is it is like the the the name actually is it is like the the the name actually is a tie tiling Wayland compositor. That's a tie tiling Wayland compositor. That's a tie tiling Wayland compositor. That's the correct term the correct term the correct term to to use.

to to use. to to use. So, So, So, the differences then the differences then the differences then between X and Wayland. I mean, that is not we we don't really I mean, that is not we we don't really have we are not really that concerned have we are not really that concerned have we are not really that concerned with with with like you don't need to know this in like you don't need to know this in like you don't need to know this in order to land a job, right? Like that is order to land a job, right? Like that is order to land a job, right? Like that is my main my main my main thing. thing. thing. But, I do think it's important to But, I do think it's important to But, I do think it's important to understand Wayland and X and what they understand Wayland and X and what they understand Wayland and X and what they are are are and why you should not use X in 2026. and why you should not use X in 2026. and why you should not use X in 2026. So, So, So, you can go as deep as you want. you can go as deep as you want. you can go as deep as you want. But, the the core principle here that But, the the core principle here that But, the the core principle here that this is basically all you need to this is basically all you need to this is basically all you need to understand. understand. understand. This is basically This is basically This is basically all you need to know. Okay.

Okay. Um Um Um deeper knowledge of Wayland compositors compositors is not required for landing a tech job. is not required for landing a tech job. is not required for landing a tech job. But, it is important But, it is important But, it is important to understand to understand to understand the differences between the two. Um X Um X 11 11 11 is old. is old. is old. So, let's see X11 security issues. Let's see. Why Let's see. Why are people saying that the X Window are people saying that the X Window are people saying that the X Window System is not secure? That's actually a System is not secure? That's actually a System is not secure? That's actually a good question to good question to good question to um explore a little bit.

um explore a little bit. um explore a little bit. Let's see what the Here. Here. There are three possible security There are three possible security There are three possible security concerns and how X fares. Isolation concerns and how X fares. Isolation concerns and how X fares. Isolation between apps. between apps. between apps. X does not isolate apps from each other. X does not isolate apps from each other. X does not isolate apps from each other. If one app is malicious, it can log all If one app is malicious, it can log all If one app is malicious, it can log all keystrokes, tamper with other apps' keystrokes, tamper with other apps' keystrokes, tamper with other apps' windows, and steal the contents of windows, and steal the contents of windows, and steal the contents of copy-paste buffers, inject keystrokes copy-paste buffers, inject keystrokes copy-paste buffers, inject keystrokes into other windows. This is actually a into other windows. This is actually a into other windows. This is actually a very good s- um security concern, right? very good s- um security concern, right? very good s- um security concern, right? So, So, So, I'm saying that you should you don't I'm saying that you should you don't I'm saying that you should you don't need to know all the details, but need to know all the details, but need to know all the details, but this could be something that is very this could be something that is very this could be something that is very relevant if you are entering a relevant if you are entering a relevant if you are entering a organization and maybe they're using organization and maybe they're using organization and maybe they're using Windows or sorry, they're using Linux Windows or sorry, they're using Linux Windows or sorry, they're using Linux VMs with graphical interfaces, VMs with graphical interfaces, VMs with graphical interfaces, then then then I want you to know I want you to know I want you to know that this is a uh less secure way of that this is a uh less secure way of that this is a uh less secure way of running those systems. Like it's not running those systems. Like it's not running those systems. Like it's not very likely that you're going to like very likely that you're going to like very likely that you're going to like it's it's like most likely that you're it's it's like most likely that you're it's it's like most likely that you're just going to be dealing with Ubuntu just going to be dealing with Ubuntu just going to be dealing with Ubuntu server or or Linux servers.

server or or Linux servers. server or or Linux servers. But, still those servers may have But, still those servers may have But, still those servers may have graphical interfaces. graphical interfaces. graphical interfaces. And then, it is a good it's good And then, it is a good it's good And then, it is a good it's good knowledge to have that knowledge to have that knowledge to have that there is a there is a there is a more secure more secure more secure um um um alternative to using X. alternative to using X. alternative to using X. So, in that sense, I think it's relevant So, in that sense, I think it's relevant So, in that sense, I think it's relevant to know this information even for to know this information even for to know this information even for landing jobs. landing jobs. landing jobs. So, X does not um So, X does not um So, X does not um Hold on. Can I quit? Um let me see. Um let me see. Um Um Um Okay, so there's no isolation between Okay, so there's no isolation between Okay, so there's no isolation between apps. I actually apps. I actually apps. I actually this is this is this is actually this is this is this is actually this is this is this is actually wow. wow. wow. Like I'm all about containerization. Like I'm all about containerization. Like I'm all about containerization. This is why I use like to use flatpaks, This is why I use like to use flatpaks, This is why I use like to use flatpaks, but I didn't know it was this bad but I didn't know it was this bad but I didn't know it was this bad actually. actually. actually. So, preventing So, So, preventing So, So, preventing So, I will just copy this I will just copy this I will just copy this actually. There are security issues with X.

There are security issues with X. See below. See below. See below. Quoted from Quoted from Quoted from and then we'll quote this. and then we'll quote this. and then we'll quote this. >> [snorts] >> I'm going to add these sources here. >> I'm going to add these sources here. Okay. So, isolation between apps. Preventing So, isolation between apps. Preventing privilege escalation. X11 apps run as a privilege escalation. X11 apps run as a privilege escalation. X11 apps run as a non-root user. non-root user. non-root user. However, most platforms the X11 drivers However, most platforms the X11 drivers However, most platforms the X11 drivers run as root. run as root. run as root. So, they can access the display So, they can access the display So, they can access the display hardware. hardware. hardware. This introduces the risk that a This introduces the risk that a This introduces the risk that a malicious app might be able to exploit malicious app might be able to exploit malicious app might be able to exploit some security vulnerability some security vulnerability some security vulnerability in X11 code and use it to become root. in X11 code and use it to become root. in X11 code and use it to become root. This is a serious risk because X11 is a This is a serious risk because X11 is a This is a serious risk because X11 is a complex system with a tremendous amount complex system with a tremendous amount complex system with a tremendous amount of code and all it takes is one security of code and all it takes is one security of code and all it takes is one security vulnerability anywhere in that code to vulnerability anywhere in that code to vulnerability anywhere in that code to make a privilege escalation step make a privilege escalation step make a privilege escalation step attack possible. attack possible. attack possible. So, So, So, I mean, yes, by these I mean, yes, by these I mean, yes, by these criteria, X is fundamentally insecure.

criteria, X is fundamentally insecure. criteria, X is fundamentally insecure. The re- The re- The re- So, yes, I do think this is relevant for yes, I do think this is relevant for landing a job actually. So, yeah. Uh so, there are security issues with X. Uh so, there are security issues with X. Um Um Um Ubuntu desktop does not ship with X11 Ubuntu desktop does not ship with X11 Ubuntu desktop does not ship with X11 installed anymore. installed anymore. installed anymore. So, what that means is that So, what that means is that So, what that means is that you're going to be running Wayland if you're going to be running Wayland if you're going to be running Wayland if you're going to be daily driving Linux. you're going to be daily driving Linux. you're going to be daily driving Linux. And And And therefore, you need to be aware of what therefore, you need to be aware of what therefore, you need to be aware of what is actually running on your computer if is actually running on your computer if is actually running on your computer if you want to debug or if there are issues you want to debug or if there are issues you want to debug or if there are issues with it. with it. with it. And finally, And finally, And finally, yeah, what would be the third reason to yeah, what would be the third reason to yeah, what would be the third reason to understand differences between the two? Uh the the career related one is Uh the the career related one is definitely the the the security issue.

the security issue. This is why why you should know it. This is why why you should know it. This is why why you should know it. Um any other reasons? Um any other reasons? Um any other reasons? No, I think that is enough actually. Wayland Wayland is it relevant for embedded Linux jobs is it relevant for embedded Linux jobs is it relevant for embedded Linux jobs with screens? with screens? with screens? Uh I wouldn't say no. I mean, yes, I mean I don't I actually I mean, yes, I mean I don't I actually don't know. These three X concerns are really These three X concerns are really concerning though. Yeah, right? concerning though. Yeah, right? concerning though. Yeah, right? I mean, people are downplay it, but it's I mean, people are downplay it, but it's I mean, people are downplay it, but it's really um it is a really um it is a really um it there are large security implications it there are large security implications it there are large security implications with this. Perhaps the topic is a little bit dry Perhaps the topic is a little bit dry today as well. today as well. today as well. As a Red Hat Enterprise Linux system As a Red Hat Enterprise Linux system As a Red Hat Enterprise Linux system sysadmin, I almost never have any GUIs sysadmin, I almost never have any GUIs sysadmin, I almost never have any GUIs in my environment, in my environment, in my environment, but rarely have to pop X to your but rarely have to pop X to your but rarely have to pop X to your desktop.

desktop. desktop. Oracle DBAs are commonly the people that Oracle DBAs are commonly the people that Oracle DBAs are commonly the people that want it. want it. want it. I've I haven't worked with the Wayland I've I haven't worked with the Wayland I've I haven't worked with the Wayland method yet. method yet. method yet. Well, there you go. That is actually a Well, there you go. That is actually a Well, there you go. That is actually a um that's actually a good that's actually a good case in point case in point case in point that there are there are that there are there are that there are there are environments that are still using X. environments that are still using X. environments that are still using X. And if you then can come in and come And if you then can come in and come And if you then can come in and come with security suggestions, with security suggestions, with security suggestions, then this is actually a good then this is actually a good then this is actually a good contribution to that organization. It contribution to that organization. It contribution to that organization. It shows that you are thinking a bit ahead shows that you are thinking a bit ahead shows that you are thinking a bit ahead and deeper than other the other people. and deeper than other the other people. and deeper than other the other people. So, yeah. So, yeah. So, yeah. This is basically why This is basically why This is basically why this is basically all you should know this is basically all you should know this is basically all you should know about Wayland really. So, So, we did look into we did look into we did look into window managers. So, yes, last week we window managers. So, yes, last week we window managers. So, yes, last week we talked about the difference between talked about the difference between talked about the difference between window managers and desktop window managers and desktop window managers and desktop environments, etc. So, the one that I'm using then is Sway.

So, the one that I'm using then is Sway. And we already saw that here. Let's see. Sway. Let's see. Sway. Wayland the Smith. That was such a cool Wayland the Smith. That was such a cool Wayland the Smith. That was such a cool discovery. Here. Here. Wayland. So, Sway So, Sway as it says here, is a tiling Wayland as it says here, is a tiling Wayland as it says here, is a tiling Wayland compositor. Okay? compositor. Okay? compositor. Okay? If you go to Hyperland, If you go to Hyperland, If you go to Hyperland, the guy actually wrote his own the guy actually wrote his own the guy actually wrote his own w- um w- um w- um Wayland compositor, Wayland compositor, Wayland compositor, right? right? right? So, these are all So, these are all So, these are all Wayland compositors. Wayland compositors. Wayland compositors. And then, there is something called WL And then, there is something called WL And then, there is something called WL roots actually. roots actually. roots actually. Wayland. This is actually a nice diagram of how This is actually a nice diagram of how it works.

it works. it works. So, you have the Wayland protocol, then So, you have the Wayland protocol, then So, you have the Wayland protocol, then you have the Wayland client and the you have the Wayland client and the you have the Wayland client and the Wayland server. And the compositor is Wayland server. And the compositor is Wayland server. And the compositor is then the actual server that's running. then the actual server that's running. then the actual server that's running. So, if we go to my system and do PS aux So, if we go to my system and do PS aux So, if we go to my system and do PS aux grep grep grep sway sway sway Then you will see Then you will see Then you will see that that that here here here there is a there is a there is a um um um process running here, start sway user process running here, start sway user process running here, start sway user Misha. Misha. Misha. And you will also see that this is And you will also see that this is And you will also see that this is running as root. running as root. running as root. So, this process is running as root. So, this process is running as root. So, this process is running as root. User been sway, this one is then running User been sway, this one is then running User been sway, this one is then running as my own user. as my own user. as my own user. So, we have sway background, sway idle. So, we have sway background, sway idle. So, we have sway background, sway idle. Sway message. Sway message. Sway message. But, if I do PS3 But, if I do PS3 But, if I do PS3 then then then let's see. We have systemd, it starts let's see. We have systemd, it starts let's see. We have systemd, it starts everything. everything. everything. Then we have something called Xwayland, Then we have something called Xwayland, Then we have something called Xwayland, that's actually something to note that's actually something to note that's actually something to note that Wayland comes with something called that Wayland comes with something called that Wayland comes with something called Xwayland Xwayland Xwayland which means that you can run Xorg which means that you can run Xorg which means that you can run Xorg applications on Wayland applications on Wayland applications on Wayland um um um compositors.

compositors. compositors. It's like an an X emulator. It's like an an X emulator. It's like an an X emulator. But, let's see. Can we see But, let's see. Can we see But, let's see. Can we see um SDDM? I think that might be it. Yeah, SDDM? I think that might be it. Yeah, SDDM helper sway. So, here is the SDDM helper sway. So, here is the SDDM helper sway. So, here is the process process process that is running sway on my computer, that is running sway on my computer, that is running sway on my computer, okay? okay? okay? So, it is running Vivaldi. So, it is running Vivaldi. So, it is running Vivaldi. These are This is actually These are This is actually These are This is actually corresponds to the corresponds to the corresponds to the workspaces that I have running, workspaces that I have running, workspaces that I have running, it seems. it seems. it seems. Is it? I mean, we have here I mean, we have here we have Vivaldi, we have Obsidian. Waybar. Waybar. Yeah. Yeah. Yeah, so this is actually Yeah. Yeah, so this is actually the sway process the sway process the sway process here. here. here. But, is the SDDM helper, is that this But, is the SDDM helper, is that this But, is the SDDM helper, is that this one then? Yeah, here. SDDM helper. So, one then? Yeah, here. SDDM helper. So, one then? Yeah, here. SDDM helper. So, the here you see the here you see the here you see the process that starts the sway the process that starts the sway the process that starts the sway so, the the Wayland compositor.

so, the the Wayland compositor. so, the the Wayland compositor. But, as you see, that is running as But, as you see, that is running as But, as you see, that is running as root, SDDM. root, SDDM. root, SDDM. SDDM is running here. SDDM is running here. SDDM is running here. SDM helper then starts the sway. SDM helper then starts the sway. SDM helper then starts the sway. So, is there a man SDDM? So, is there a man SDDM? So, is there a man SDDM? SDDM help start daemon in test mode. Why is there start daemon in test mode. Why is there no no no um help um help um help SDM? Of course, the Arch Wiki comes to Of course, the Arch Wiki comes to rescue. rescue. rescue. So, SDDM is the simple desktop display So, SDDM is the simple desktop display So, SDDM is the simple desktop display manager. So, that is implemented by um So, that is implemented by um the Fedora distribution that I'm using. the Fedora distribution that I'm using. the Fedora distribution that I'm using. So, when we talked about So, when we talked about So, when we talked about what does a distribution actually what does a distribution actually what does a distribution actually include? include? include? Well, this is one of the things, right? Well, this is one of the things, right? Well, this is one of the things, right? The Linux kernel does not include a The Linux kernel does not include a The Linux kernel does not include a display manager. So, in this case, SDDM display manager. So, in this case, SDDM display manager. So, in this case, SDDM was chosen. was chosen. was chosen. And then SDDM is responsible for And then SDDM is responsible for And then SDDM is responsible for starting sway on my computer.

starting sway on my computer. starting sway on my computer. And then sway starts drawing all of And then sway starts drawing all of And then sway starts drawing all of these windows. So, you can actually see these windows. So, you can actually see these windows. So, you can actually see everything here in the processes. This everything here in the processes. This everything here in the processes. This is why I love Linux so much. Yeah. Very cool. Yeah. Very cool. But, this is then also relating back to But, this is then also relating back to But, this is then also relating back to these security issues that we saw that X11 does not isolate apps from each that X11 does not isolate apps from each other. other. other. But, Wayland But, Wayland But, Wayland I'm assuming that Wayland does that. I'm assuming that Wayland does that. I'm assuming that Wayland does that. Actually, we should figure that out. Actually, we should figure that out. Actually, we should figure that out. Because when it says here the Here, security. Here, security. Let's Let's Let's This This is This is a problem. So, the This This is This is a problem. So, the This This is This is a problem. So, the security Why Wayland isolates the input security Why Wayland isolates the input security Why Wayland isolates the input and output of every window, achieving and output of every window, achieving and output of every window, achieving confidentiality, integrity, and confidentiality, integrity, and confidentiality, integrity, and availability for both. availability for both. availability for both. Okay, so this is very relevant, Okay, so this is very relevant, Okay, so this is very relevant, actually. So, if you have a actually. So, if you have a actually. So, if you have a a program running on your computer a program running on your computer a program running on your computer through Wayland through Wayland through Wayland then then then if you're running Wayland, then the the if you're running Wayland, then the the if you're running Wayland, then the the program can only capture the keystrokes program can only capture the keystrokes program can only capture the keystrokes of that window.

of that window. of that window. So, it cannot just start reading the So, it cannot just start reading the So, it cannot just start reading the other windows' inputs. other windows' inputs. other windows' inputs. This is actually This is actually This is actually a massive security risk. I I didn't know a massive security risk. I I didn't know a massive security risk. I I didn't know it was that bad, actually. it was that bad, actually. it was that bad, actually. So, although some extensions have been So, although some extensions have been So, although some extensions have been developed to try to mitigate it. developed to try to mitigate it. developed to try to mitigate it. And Okay, so with So, there's less code that Okay, so with So, there's less code that needs to run with root privileges. needs to run with root privileges. needs to run with root privileges. Although Interesting. Interesting. Yeah. So, that's basically all we need Yeah. So, that's basically all we need Yeah. So, that's basically all we need to know about Wayland, but to know about Wayland, but to know about Wayland, but it's good to that we did this because it's good to that we did this because it's good to that we did this because now we also know the security now we also know the security now we also know the security implications of not using Wayland. implications of not using Wayland. implications of not using Wayland. So, So, So, do it. Yeah, at 2008 it was started as a spare Yeah, at 2008 it was started as a spare time project.

So, it's been along for around for a So, it's been along for around for a long time. long time. long time. Here we go. First release in 2012. Here we go. First release in 2012. Here we go. First release in 2012. And it is only now here And it is only now here And it is only now here like 2 years ago when like 2 years ago when like 2 years ago when the Ubuntu started shipping with it by the Ubuntu started shipping with it by the Ubuntu started shipping with it by default, for example. default, for example. default, for example. Like, there have been a lot of problems Like, there have been a lot of problems Like, there have been a lot of problems with Wayland. Like, I've tried a few with Wayland. Like, I've tried a few with Wayland. Like, I've tried a few times earlier and screen sharing has times earlier and screen sharing has times earlier and screen sharing has always been a nightmare. always been a nightmare. always been a nightmare. But, I am I am streaming this through But, I am I am streaming this through But, I am I am streaming this through Wayland, actually. Let's see. You can run X11 only in Let's see. You can run X11 only in Wayland? Yes. I was reading about some app and how to I was reading about some app and how to install it on Linux and it said install it on Linux and it said install it on Linux and it said something about app image and those are something about app image and those are something about app image and those are installed differently. Yes, that's installed differently. Yes, that's installed differently. Yes, that's right. App image is a right. App image is a right. App image is a way of packaging an application as a way of packaging an application as a way of packaging an application as a single binary. That's called an app single binary. That's called an app single binary. That's called an app image. image. image. And you simply just run it in your shell And you simply just run it in your shell And you simply just run it in your shell and it will work.

Yeah, it is similar like flat to Yeah, it is similar like flat to flatpak. Yeah. What's the best What's the best um um um distro for learning? Yeah, the the best distro for learning? Yeah, the the best distro for learning? Yeah, the the best one to start with is Ubuntu server. one to start with is Ubuntu server. one to start with is Ubuntu server. Yeah. First time hearing all these concepts, First time hearing all these concepts, enlightening session, Misha. Oh, that's enlightening session, Misha. Oh, that's enlightening session, Misha. Oh, that's uh uh uh nice to hear. Thank you. How does clipboard copy-paste work in How does clipboard copy-paste work in Wayland then? This is That's a good This is That's a good question. question. question. I mean, I don't I don't understand it on I mean, I don't I don't understand it on I mean, I don't I don't understand it on a code level, but that would be a I'm a code level, but that would be a I'm a code level, but that would be a I'm actually interested by that myself. actually interested by that myself. actually interested by that myself. Like, when you ask this question and I Like, when you ask this question and I Like, when you ask this question and I don't know it, then now I want to know. don't know it, then now I want to know. don't know it, then now I want to know. But, before I go into it, just But, before I go into it, just But, before I go into it, just the comment that this person made with the comment that this person made with the comment that this person made with enlightening concepts and and first time enlightening concepts and and first time enlightening concepts and and first time hearing all these concepts, enlightening hearing all these concepts, enlightening hearing all these concepts, enlightening session. session. session. Uh I really appreciate it when you when Uh I really appreciate it when you when Uh I really appreciate it when you when you say that.

you say that. you say that. But, it is like this is why I know these concepts, this is why I know these concepts, right? Because right? Because right? Because Linux shows you everything. You have Linux shows you everything. You have Linux shows you everything. You have access to everything. So, when I access to everything. So, when I access to everything. So, when I hear, "Oh, you should use a window hear, "Oh, you should use a window hear, "Oh, you should use a window manager." Then my my my personal manager." Then my my my personal manager." Then my my my personal inclination is to, "Okay, but what is a inclination is to, "Okay, but what is a inclination is to, "Okay, but what is a window manager?" window manager?" window manager?" Okay, and then you figure out there are Okay, and then you figure out there are Okay, and then you figure out there are window managers. window managers. window managers. So, I I came to the point where it was So, I I came to the point where it was So, I I came to the point where it was i3 i3 i3 and sway. And I was like, "Well, and sway. And I was like, "Well, and sway. And I was like, "Well, Oh, this is a BMW car. That's not what I Oh, this is a BMW car. That's not what I Oh, this is a BMW car. That's not what I was trying to Here, i3. was trying to Here, i3. was trying to Here, i3. I was like, "Well, i3 and sway, what's I was like, "Well, i3 and sway, what's I was like, "Well, i3 and sway, what's the difference between those?" And the difference between those?" And the difference between those?" And that's how I learned about Wayland and that's how I learned about Wayland and that's how I learned about Wayland and Xorg. And this is like way This is like Xorg. And this is like way This is like Xorg. And this is like way This is like 5 years ago already when I was looking 5 years ago already when I was looking 5 years ago already when I was looking into this, before Wayland was even into this, before Wayland was even into this, before Wayland was even mainstream. mainstream. mainstream. So, So, So, it's always just asking like, "How does it's always just asking like, "How does it's always just asking like, "How does this work, really?" this work, really?" this work, really?" And just what I showed you here And just what I showed you here And just what I showed you here like like like this attitude of just this attitude of just this attitude of just looking at your system, so where how is looking at your system, so where how is looking at your system, so where how is sway actually being run? So, if I want sway actually being run? So, if I want sway actually being run? So, if I want to check out to check out to check out how is Vivaldi actually running on my how is Vivaldi actually running on my how is Vivaldi actually running on my system? Well, okay, there's something system? Well, okay, there's something system? Well, okay, there's something called grep. Okay, cool. But, I can see, called grep. Okay, cool. But, I can see, called grep. Okay, cool. But, I can see, "Oh, wow.

"Oh, wow. "Oh, wow. Sway is actually responsible for all of Sway is actually responsible for all of Sway is actually responsible for all of these processes, right?" And it's it's these processes, right?" And it's it's these processes, right?" And it's it's this kind of attitude where you just go this kind of attitude where you just go this kind of attitude where you just go back back back deep deep deep down to the deep deep deep down to the deep deep deep down to the the origins of things and that's how you the origins of things and that's how you the origins of things and that's how you understand these things. understand these things. understand these things. But, for me, like I I stop at the But, for me, like I I stop at the But, for me, like I I stop at the kernel level. Like, I am definitely not kernel level. Like, I am definitely not kernel level. Like, I am definitely not a kernel developer or anything like a kernel developer or anything like a kernel developer or anything like that. that. that. Uh so, PS3 P Uh so, PS3 P Uh so, PS3 P So, you can do things like STrace. STrace. Is that not installed on my STrace. Is that not installed on my Linux? What? What? STrace. Is that not installed? That's STrace. Is that not installed? That's STrace. Is that not installed? That's insane. insane. insane. Okay.

So, I mean I'm using one of these So, I mean I'm using one of these um immutable OS's, which basically strip um immutable OS's, which basically strip um immutable OS's, which basically strip away everything, but away everything, but away everything, but I did not expect s-trace to be absent I did not expect s-trace to be absent I did not expect s-trace to be absent from my system. So, I'll have to enter a from my system. So, I'll have to enter a from my system. So, I'll have to enter a container container container and then find it. and then find it. and then find it. So, ps3 So, ps3 So, ps3 p p p If you then do s-trace If you then do s-trace If you then do s-trace Let's do this one. Let's do this one. Let's do this one. upowerd Trace system calls. Trace system calls. In simplest use case, s-trace runs the In simplest use case, s-trace runs the In simplest use case, s-trace runs the specified command until it exits. Yeah, here we go. So, I did s-trace cat Yeah, here we go. So, I did s-trace cat now. now. now. And now you can see I'm actually running And now you can see I'm actually running And now you can see I'm actually running user bin cat. user bin cat. user bin cat. This then is going to do something This then is going to do something This then is going to do something called system calls. So, these are the called system calls. So, these are the called system calls. So, these are the actual function calls actual function calls actual function calls in C code in C code in C code that are being made to the kernel, that are being made to the kernel, that are being made to the kernel, right?

right? right? So, you can actually see exactly what is So, you can actually see exactly what is So, you can actually see exactly what is going on. going on. going on. But But But this is where my my this is where my my this is where my my depth of knowledge stops. Like I'm I depth of knowledge stops. Like I'm I depth of knowledge stops. Like I'm I recognize a few of these things, but recognize a few of these things, but recognize a few of these things, but uh I don't go as so as deep that I uh I don't go as so as deep that I uh I don't go as so as deep that I actually can read this and understand actually can read this and understand actually can read this and understand it. That is above my my level of it. That is above my my level of it. That is above my my level of understanding. understanding. understanding. But you can go like even with s-trace, But you can go like even with s-trace, But you can go like even with s-trace, you you can go as deep as you want with you you can go as deep as you want with you you can go as deep as you want with this and actually start learning the this and actually start learning the this and actually start learning the Linux code kernel code. Linux code kernel code. Linux code kernel code. I didn't do that because I'm not that I didn't do that because I'm not that I didn't do that because I'm not that Like that does not contribute to me Like that does not contribute to me Like that does not contribute to me landing a six-figure Kubernetes job. landing a six-figure Kubernetes job. landing a six-figure Kubernetes job. You don't need to go this deep. You don't need to go this deep. You don't need to go this deep. But But But what I showed you here, the level here what I showed you here, the level here what I showed you here, the level here that I was showing that that I was showing that that I was showing that Yeah. Yeah. Yeah. Show being able to read the the ps3 on Show being able to read the the ps3 on Show being able to read the the ps3 on your system your system your system and being able to understand each of and being able to understand each of and being able to understand each of these individual processes these individual processes these individual processes um I think that's important. And this is um I think that's important. And this is um I think that's important. And this is also what I do in my also what I do in my also what I do in my um um um course in CubeCraft course in CubeCraft course in CubeCraft where I Like the the free Linux course where I Like the the free Linux course where I Like the the free Linux course is like 8 hours.

is like 8 hours. is like 8 hours. But then there is like But then there is like But then there is like 16 more hours of Linux teachings 16 more hours of Linux teachings 16 more hours of Linux teachings where I go deeper into this by building where I go deeper into this by building where I go deeper into this by building an Arch an Arch an Arch uh system from scratch. uh system from scratch. uh system from scratch. And then we're going to And then we're going to And then we're going to uh encrypt our drives. We're going to uh encrypt our drives. We're going to uh encrypt our drives. We're going to partition our drives all from the CLI, partition our drives all from the CLI, partition our drives all from the CLI, all by hand all by hand all by hand and inspecting our system like actually and inspecting our system like actually and inspecting our system like actually understanding understanding understanding all of these all of these all of these um processes, how systemd works. Everything processes, how systemd works. Everything is is is covered in in this. is is is covered in in this. is is is covered in in this. Uh so that you have a good foundation Uh so that you have a good foundation Uh so that you have a good foundation when you go into Kubernetes. So, when you go into Kubernetes. So, when you go into Kubernetes. So, that is my teaching style. That's how I that is my teaching style. That's how I that is my teaching style. That's how I like to do it. like to do it. like to do it. And um understanding what's actually And um understanding what's actually And um understanding what's actually going on.

Can we use Sway Wayland over SSH like Can we use Sway Wayland over SSH like tmux? tmux? tmux? Um no, I don't believe so. Um no, I don't believe so. Um no, I don't believe so. That is that becomes a bit harder to do That is that becomes a bit harder to do That is that becomes a bit harder to do with uh Wayland. Let's see. I'm a lin- normal Linux Let's see. I'm a lin- normal Linux distribution since 2004. distribution since 2004. distribution since 2004. I started diving deep into CLI about a I started diving deep into CLI about a I started diving deep into CLI about a few years ago. few years ago. few years ago. That's so interesting that you've been That's so interesting that you've been That's so interesting that you've been able to use Linux for two for able to use Linux for two for able to use Linux for two for over um over um over um well over a decade, like 15 years. well over a decade, like 15 years. well over a decade, like 15 years. And then on only then start using CLI. And then on only then start using CLI. And then on only then start using CLI. That's really interesting. I really That's really interesting. I really That's really interesting. I really greatly appreci- I greatly appreciate greatly appreci- I greatly appreciate greatly appreci- I greatly appreciate your way of sharing your knowledge. your way of sharing your knowledge. your way of sharing your knowledge. Greetings from Costa Rica. Well, Greetings from Costa Rica. Well, Greetings from Costa Rica. Well, appreciate it, man. Thank you. As soon as I see memory address, I get As soon as I see memory address, I get lost in the kernel. I plan to take a lost in the kernel. I plan to take a lost in the kernel. I plan to take a class in C assembly this summer. Yeah, I class in C assembly this summer. Yeah, I class in C assembly this summer. Yeah, I mean mean mean it it is interesting. Like I would love it it is interesting. Like I would love it it is interesting. Like I would love to know more about it myself, but for me to know more about it myself, but for me to know more about it myself, but for me like my my knowledge always has to like my my knowledge always has to like my my knowledge always has to contribute to my career, right? And for contribute to my career, right? And for contribute to my career, right? And for me I I don't want to become a kernel me I I don't want to become a kernel me I I don't want to become a kernel developer myself.

developer myself. developer myself. So, yeah. Um Um Here I seem you need Yeah, so with Here I seem you need Yeah, so with Here I seem you need Yeah, so with running Wayland over running Wayland over running Wayland over uh the uh the uh the Fundamentally, the problem we're trying Fundamentally, the problem we're trying Fundamentally, the problem we're trying to solve is to to solve is to to solve is to connect to a Linux server, right? connect to a Linux server, right? connect to a Linux server, right? Um So, if that's running Wayland, then Um So, if that's running Wayland, then Um So, if that's running Wayland, then actually RustDesk is the one that I actually RustDesk is the one that I actually RustDesk is the one that I would recommend. would recommend. would recommend. So, this is the open source remote So, this is the open source remote So, this is the open source remote access and support software. access and support software. access and support software. And this is And this is And this is This This This uh uh uh supports Wayland. Let me see. supports Wayland. Let me see. supports Wayland. Let me see. Wayland RustDesk now has experimental Wayland RustDesk now has experimental Wayland support since version 1.2. support since version 1.2. support since version 1.2. So, if you want to run So, if you want to run So, if you want to run display servers display servers display servers then I would recommend using then I would recommend using then I would recommend using RustDesk.

RustDesk. RustDesk. Fedora Configuring Xorg as the Gnome session. Configuring Xorg as the Gnome session. Yeah. Yeah, you will probably have to change Yeah, you will probably have to change it to RustDesk here. That's probably it to RustDesk here. That's probably it to RustDesk here. That's probably what they mean with that link. what they mean with that link. what they mean with that link. Ubuntu Yeah, so it is possible to do this over Yeah, so it is possible to do this over the network. the network. the network. You install it and then you install a You install it and then you install a You install it and then you install a client and then you can connect to it. client and then you can connect to it. client and then you can connect to it. And um yeah, this is how you can do it. Do you think a Linux administration job Do you think a Linux administration job would be a good start to gain experience would be a good start to gain experience would be a good start to gain experience and work my way up to DevOps engineer?

and work my way up to DevOps engineer? and work my way up to DevOps engineer? Yes, absolutely. Yes, absolutely. Yes, absolutely. That is exactly the way to do it. Like That is exactly the way to do it. Like That is exactly the way to do it. Like becoming a DevOps engineer requires deep becoming a DevOps engineer requires deep becoming a DevOps engineer requires deep Linux knowledge in my opinion. Any good Linux knowledge in my opinion. Any good Linux knowledge in my opinion. Any good DevOps engineer DevOps engineer DevOps engineer is a is a is a um someone who knows Linux, who's able to someone who knows Linux, who's able to work with Linux. And yeah, I I I I think work with Linux. And yeah, I I I I think work with Linux. And yeah, I I I I think it's a great path to start [snorts] as a it's a great path to start [snorts] as a it's a great path to start [snorts] as a Linux sysadmin administrator and then Linux sysadmin administrator and then Linux sysadmin administrator and then move towards DevOps. 100%. move towards DevOps. 100%. move towards DevOps. 100%. That's the the correct path to do. Sorry for the off-topic. I finally Sorry for the off-topic. I finally installed Fedora on my laptop. It's installed Fedora on my laptop. It's installed Fedora on my laptop. It's perfect smooth. I start with learning perfect smooth. I start with learning perfect smooth. I start with learning curve, but all okay now. Done with curve, but all okay now. Done with curve, but all okay now. Done with Windows 11. Hey, that's nice to hear. Windows 11. Hey, that's nice to hear. Windows 11. Hey, that's nice to hear. That's not off-topic at all. That's not off-topic at all. That's not off-topic at all. Oh, there's a question from Oh, there's a question from Oh, there's a question from um on Twitch it says, "I'm a little lost on Twitch it says, "I'm a little lost here.

here. here. I know GUIs mostly terminal I know GUIs mostly terminal I know GUIs mostly terminal environments. environments. environments. But when would you we need something But when would you we need something But when would you we need something like Wayland or a window manager in like Wayland or a window manager in like Wayland or a window manager in general?" Yeah, Sites, I recommend you general?" Yeah, Sites, I recommend you general?" Yeah, Sites, I recommend you go to this URL go to this URL go to this URL school.com/linux and this is my free Linux course. and this is my free Linux course. And then And then And then in here you will see in here you will see in here you will see the classroom. the classroom. the classroom. And then there's a deep deep dive And then there's a deep deep dive And then there's a deep deep dive workshops. workshops. workshops. And if you then look for week five, then And if you then look for week five, then And if you then look for week five, then I explain exactly what you're asking. I explain exactly what you're asking. I explain exactly what you're asking. Like GUIs Like GUIs Like GUIs desktop environments desktop environments desktop environments what the differences between them are, what the differences between them are, what the differences between them are, etc. So, basically your question is etc. So, basically your question is etc. So, basically your question is fully answered there. I feel like a job where you just enter I feel like a job where you just enter commands all day feels automatable and commands all day feels automatable and commands all day feels automatable and replaceable. Tell me why I'm wrong. replaceable. Tell me why I'm wrong. replaceable. Tell me why I'm wrong. Well, Well, Well, you're not just entering commands all you're not just entering commands all you're not just entering commands all day, right? Like day, right? Like day, right? Like my job my first DevOps job my job my first DevOps job my job my first DevOps job Actually, I I can Actually, I I can Actually, I I can Hold on.

Hold on. Hold on. Here like you're not just ty- It's not Here like you're not just ty- It's not Here like you're not just ty- It's not like you have a list of commands and like you have a list of commands and like you have a list of commands and then you were typing them in. No. My job then you were typing them in. No. My job then you were typing them in. No. My job like I I was part of a DevOps team. like I I was part of a DevOps team. like I I was part of a DevOps team. And we had And we had And we had many different many different many different developer teams. We had over 20 developer teams. We had over 20 developer teams. We had over 20 developer teams developer teams developer teams all for working for the municipality of all for working for the municipality of all for working for the municipality of the city of Amsterdam. the city of Amsterdam. the city of Amsterdam. And each of these teams had servers, And each of these teams had servers, And each of these teams had servers, CI/CD pipelines, CI/CD pipelines, CI/CD pipelines, Docker containers. Docker containers. Docker containers. All of that stuff was running on our All of that stuff was running on our All of that stuff was running on our infrastructure that our DevOps team was infrastructure that our DevOps team was infrastructure that our DevOps team was um managing, okay? So, we were um managing, okay? So, we were um managing, okay? So, we were uh about five guys, uh about five guys, uh about five guys, give or take, give or take, give or take, six sometimes. six sometimes. six sometimes. And what would happen was like there And what would happen was like there And what would happen was like there would be a team would be a team would be a team "Oh my god, our pipeline is not working. "Oh my god, our pipeline is not working. "Oh my god, our pipeline is not working. Help." Help." Help." And then one of us would have to go here And then one of us would have to go here And then one of us would have to go here and say, "Okay, well, I will go and and say, "Okay, well, I will go and and say, "Okay, well, I will go and check out what's what's wrong."

check out what's what's wrong." check out what's what's wrong." And then you have to And then you have to And then you have to we had to like like we had to like like we had to like like this was a pretty this was a pretty this was a pretty old-school environment at the time. Like old-school environment at the time. Like old-school environment at the time. Like no Kubernetes or anything, but no Kubernetes or anything, but no Kubernetes or anything, but I would have to then SSH to the server, I would have to then SSH to the server, I would have to then SSH to the server, and then I would have to read the logs, and then I would have to read the logs, and then I would have to read the logs, and check out what's actually going and check out what's actually going and check out what's actually going wrong here. wrong here. wrong here. What is the issue? Is it a full disk? Is What is the issue? Is it a full disk? Is What is the issue? Is it a full disk? Is there network issue, etc. So, yes, I'm there network issue, etc. So, yes, I'm there network issue, etc. So, yes, I'm typing commands, but I'm figuring out as typing commands, but I'm figuring out as typing commands, but I'm figuring out as I go along what the problem is, right? I go along what the problem is, right? I go along what the problem is, right? So, this requires to have debugging So, this requires to have debugging So, this requires to have debugging skills and a deep knowledge of the skills and a deep knowledge of the skills and a deep knowledge of the operating system that you are working operating system that you are working operating system that you are working with. with. with. And so and so all day long we were And so and so all day long we were And so and so all day long we were basically solving problems that people basically solving problems that people basically solving problems that people were having. were having. were having. And if And if And if there were no problems, then we were there were no problems, then we were there were no problems, then we were working on systems that would prevent working on systems that would prevent working on systems that would prevent these problems or backups, upgrades, all these problems or backups, upgrades, all these problems or backups, upgrades, all that kind of stuff. that kind of stuff. that kind of stuff. So, it's not just entering a few So, it's not just entering a few So, it's not just entering a few commands.

commands. commands. Like if you have a hundred servers all Like if you have a hundred servers all Like if you have a hundred servers all running applications on them, and if you running applications on them, and if you running applications on them, and if you don't have don't have don't have something sophisticated like Kubernetes, something sophisticated like Kubernetes, something sophisticated like Kubernetes, then then then coordinating an upgrade of all of these coordinating an upgrade of all of these coordinating an upgrade of all of these servers is actually a very complicated servers is actually a very complicated servers is actually a very complicated job because this application needs to go job because this application needs to go job because this application needs to go down, which is dependent on this one. down, which is dependent on this one. down, which is dependent on this one. And maybe this server has 10 databases And maybe this server has 10 databases And maybe this server has 10 databases on it, so how are we going to handle on it, so how are we going to handle on it, so how are we going to handle that? that? that? So, no, you're not just typing in So, no, you're not just typing in So, no, you're not just typing in commands. You actually have to commands. You actually have to commands. You actually have to understand these systems on a deep understand these systems on a deep understand these systems on a deep level. So, this is um So, this is um why why why how So, so it There are many ways of how So, so it There are many ways of how So, so it There are many ways of automatable and replaceable. automatable and replaceable. automatable and replaceable. So, Kubernetes does handles a lot of So, Kubernetes does handles a lot of So, Kubernetes does handles a lot of that, but still you need to have those that, but still you need to have those that, but still you need to have those um um um uh those skills. uh those skills. uh those skills. It might be able to replace by AI, which It might be able to replace by AI, which It might be able to replace by AI, which is what I'm worried about. Yeah, I don't is what I'm worried about. Yeah, I don't is what I'm worried about. Yeah, I don't um I I wouldn't worry too much about um I I wouldn't worry too much about um I I wouldn't worry too much about that. I I am not worried at all because that. I I am not worried at all because that. I I am not worried at all because again, again, again, like an AI system like an AI system like an AI system is not currently able to fully is not currently able to fully is not currently able to fully understand all of this at the same time, understand all of this at the same time, understand all of this at the same time, right? It doesn't know the entire right? It doesn't know the entire right? It doesn't know the entire infrastructure. It doesn't know where to infrastructure. It doesn't know where to infrastructure. It doesn't know where to begin. It doesn't know where to what all begin. It doesn't know where to what all begin. It doesn't know where to what all of these dependencies are. And yeah, of these dependencies are. And yeah, of these dependencies are. And yeah, I've been working with these systems, I've been working with these systems, I've been working with these systems, and I can tell you from my personal and I can tell you from my personal and I can tell you from my personal experience that AI is not ready to experience that AI is not ready to experience that AI is not ready to just take this over.

just take this over. just take this over. They're helping. They are making it like They're helping. They are making it like They're helping. They are making it like they're making this step they're making this step they're making this step a lot easier. Like I could I have get a lot easier. Like I could I have get a lot easier. Like I could I have get some help from AI by asking it to look some help from AI by asking it to look some help from AI by asking it to look at the logs and what do you think is the at the logs and what do you think is the at the logs and what do you think is the problem here? problem here? problem here? But there's no chance that AI is But there's no chance that AI is But there's no chance that AI is actually going to be able to manage this actually going to be able to manage this actually going to be able to manage this kind of production infrastructure yet. kind of production infrastructure yet. kind of production infrastructure yet. We're in far away from that. We're in far away from that. We're in far away from that. So, yeah, I I I'm not worried at all. I So, yeah, I I I'm not worried at all. I So, yeah, I I I'm not worried at all. I did a video on that on my YouTube did a video on that on my YouTube did a video on that on my YouTube channel recently where I go deeper into channel recently where I go deeper into channel recently where I go deeper into the argument. the argument. the argument. Actually, and the great thing is Actually, and the great thing is Actually, and the great thing is like like like I'll share the YouTube video. I'll share the YouTube video. I'll share the YouTube video. The best part of all of this is that The best part of all of this is that The best part of all of this is that um AI needs to run somewhere, right? And AI needs to run somewhere, right? And guess what? If you learn infrastructure, guess what? If you learn infrastructure, guess what? If you learn infrastructure, and if you learn and if you learn and if you learn Kubernetes and how to work with this Kubernetes and how to work with this Kubernetes and how to work with this stuff, stuff, stuff, well, you're going to be the person well, you're going to be the person well, you're going to be the person that's running these this that's running these this that's running these this infrastructure.

infrastructure. infrastructure. And you're basically facilitating the And you're basically facilitating the And you're basically facilitating the replacement of other jobs, but you won't replacement of other jobs, but you won't replacement of other jobs, but you won't be replaced. So, check out this video. So, check out this video. Uh yeah, Uh yeah, Uh yeah, I can still I can still I can still um the US government still uses 20 um the US government still uses 20 um the US government still uses 20 30-year-old computers, so you're fine. 30-year-old computers, so you're fine. 30-year-old computers, so you're fine. Yeah, exactly. Yeah, exactly. Yeah, exactly. AI will intensify admins' workloads. AI will intensify admins' workloads. AI will intensify admins' workloads. Yeah, exactly. If if only if if Yeah, exactly. If if only if if Yeah, exactly. If if only if if anything, it's going to make it more anything, it's going to make it more anything, it's going to make it more work for us. work for us. work for us. So, I'm not worried about that at at So, I'm not worried about that at at So, I'm not worried about that at at all. And all. And all. And yeah, I mean, yeah, I mean, yeah, I mean, for for for like almost every day we have people like almost every day we have people like almost every day we have people signing up for Kubecraft. signing up for Kubecraft. signing up for Kubecraft. Cube The Kubecraft Career Accelerator. Cube The Kubecraft Career Accelerator. Cube The Kubecraft Career Accelerator. This is what I teach. So, This is what I teach. So, This is what I teach. So, um I was a DevOps engineer, and I was in um I was a DevOps engineer, and I was in um I was a DevOps engineer, and I was in so much pain so much pain so much pain trying to land my first DevOps job. And trying to land my first DevOps job. And trying to land my first DevOps job. And that is why I created Kubecraft where I that is why I created Kubecraft where I that is why I created Kubecraft where I actually show you how to do it because actually show you how to do it because actually show you how to do it because most people they watch streams like most people they watch streams like most people they watch streams like this, they'll watch free YouTube videos, this, they'll watch free YouTube videos, this, they'll watch free YouTube videos, maybe do a a few a few Udemy courses, maybe do a a few a few Udemy courses, maybe do a a few a few Udemy courses, but they're actually not able to land a but they're actually not able to land a but they're actually not able to land a job with that. Like watching a few Udemy job with that. Like watching a few Udemy job with that. Like watching a few Udemy courses is not enough. We actually need courses is not enough. We actually need courses is not enough. We actually need to teach you all of the skills that are to teach you all of the skills that are to teach you all of the skills that are involved with landing the job. And that involved with landing the job. And that involved with landing the job. And that means technical skills, so I teach you means technical skills, so I teach you means technical skills, so I teach you Kubernetes from the ground up. But I'm Kubernetes from the ground up. But I'm Kubernetes from the ground up. But I'm also teaching you something that's also teaching you something that's also teaching you something that's called a home lab so that you have a called a home lab so that you have a called a home lab so that you have a public public public portfolio of projects

portfolio of projects portfolio of projects that are are going to show you how to that are are going to show you how to that are are going to show you how to document your skills. So, document your skills. So, document your skills. So, companies don't hire companies don't hire companies don't hire um course takers. um course takers. um course takers. They hire people who can do the work. They hire people who can do the work. They hire people who can do the work. So, I'm going to teach you how to build So, I'm going to teach you how to build So, I'm going to teach you how to build Kubernetes in the cloud, full cloud Kubernetes in the cloud, full cloud Kubernetes in the cloud, full cloud engineering course, DevOps master class, engineering course, DevOps master class, engineering course, DevOps master class, CI/CD pipelines master class. This is CI/CD pipelines master class. This is CI/CD pipelines master class. This is like 70 hours of technical training. And like 70 hours of technical training. And like 70 hours of technical training. And then I'm going to teach you how to get then I'm going to teach you how to get then I'm going to teach you how to get job offers on LinkedIn without even job offers on LinkedIn without even job offers on LinkedIn without even having to apply for jobs anymore, okay? having to apply for jobs anymore, okay? having to apply for jobs anymore, okay? The This is a full system that is The This is a full system that is The This is a full system that is designed to land DevOps jobs. So, designed to land DevOps jobs. So, designed to land DevOps jobs. So, um um um this is what I built to help to solve this is what I built to help to solve this is what I built to help to solve this pain for people to this pain for people to this pain for people to um um um who are struggling like I did. I who are struggling like I did. I who are struggling like I did. I struggled for well over six months to struggled for well over six months to struggled for well over six months to landing the job. It was so painful. And landing the job. It was so painful. And landing the job. It was so painful. And I I I don't wish that upon everyone like I I I don't wish that upon everyone like I I I don't wish that upon everyone like anyone. Like the the pain I felt anyone. Like the the pain I felt anyone. Like the the pain I felt by by by being rejected by so many jobs, it was being rejected by so many jobs, it was being rejected by so many jobs, it was insane.

insane. insane. So, So, So, if you are interested in landing a tech if you are interested in landing a tech if you are interested in landing a tech job, you can go to kubecraft.dev. job, you can go to kubecraft.dev. job, you can go to kubecraft.dev. I'm very happy to um I'm very happy to um I'm very happy to um help you. I I mentor you. Like it is not help you. I I mentor you. Like it is not help you. I I mentor you. Like it is not just a course. just a course. just a course. I am in Kubecraft answering questions I am in Kubecraft answering questions I am in Kubecraft answering questions every single day cuz as you see, it's a every single day cuz as you see, it's a every single day cuz as you see, it's a very active community. People are asking very active community. People are asking very active community. People are asking questions and posting all the time. questions and posting all the time. questions and posting all the time. And I am in here answering your And I am in here answering your And I am in here answering your questions, right? I'm in here all the questions, right? I'm in here all the questions, right? I'm in here all the time. time. time. We host live calls every single week. We host live calls every single week. We host live calls every single week. So, we have three, four calls a week So, we have three, four calls a week So, we have three, four calls a week where you can come, ask your questions. where you can come, ask your questions. where you can come, ask your questions. I mentor you directly on the call. I mentor you directly on the call. I mentor you directly on the call. And um I can help you land those jobs, And um I can help you land those jobs, And um I can help you land those jobs, and that's what Kubecraft is for. and that's what Kubecraft is for. and that's what Kubecraft is for. So, check it out if you want that job. So, check it out if you want that job. So, check it out if you want that job. This is the the place to do it. This is the the place to do it. This is the the place to do it. And And And um um um Yeah, I'm very much against Wayland. I Yeah, I'm very much against Wayland. I Yeah, I'm very much against Wayland. I won't leave my comfortable DWM. You are won't leave my comfortable DWM. You are won't leave my comfortable DWM. You are behind the times and running insecure behind the times and running insecure behind the times and running insecure software, and I would recommend you to software, and I would recommend you to software, and I would recommend you to rewatch the stream rewatch the stream rewatch the stream um because we basically um because we basically um because we basically decided that Wayland to run X11 is decided that Wayland to run X11 is decided that Wayland to run X11 is basically a secure security risk at this basically a secure security risk at this basically a secure security risk at this point.

So, yeah. So, yeah. That's it, guys. Uh we've been going for That's it, guys. Uh we've been going for That's it, guys. Uh we've been going for an hour. I'm going to an hour. I'm going to an hour. I'm going to um um um end the stream soon. Is Kubecraft more end the stream soon. Is Kubecraft more end the stream soon. Is Kubecraft more senior level? I barely know how to use senior level? I barely know how to use senior level? I barely know how to use Docker, so if you have nowhere near Docker, so if you have nowhere near Docker, so if you have nowhere near ready for Kubernetes. ready for Kubernetes. ready for Kubernetes. Uh Kubecraft is not for seniors only. Uh Kubecraft is not for seniors only. Uh Kubecraft is not for seniors only. Like the at the end of Kubecraft, then Like the at the end of Kubecraft, then Like the at the end of Kubecraft, then you are approaching senior-level you are approaching senior-level you are approaching senior-level technical capabilities when you are technical capabilities when you are technical capabilities when you are doing all of these um doing all of these um doing all of these um projects that I'm teaching you to build. projects that I'm teaching you to build. projects that I'm teaching you to build. Like I know plenty of senior DevOps Like I know plenty of senior DevOps Like I know plenty of senior DevOps engineers who have no clue what this is engineers who have no clue what this is engineers who have no clue what this is all about. all about. all about. But the great thing is it is designed But the great thing is it is designed But the great thing is it is designed like I was a nurse six years ago, right? like I was a nurse six years ago, right? like I was a nurse six years ago, right? So, I know exactly how it is So, I know exactly how it is So, I know exactly how it is to be in a position where you don't to be in a position where you don't to be in a position where you don't understand anything, and you want to understand anything, and you want to understand anything, and you want to learn all of these skills from the learn all of these skills from the learn all of these skills from the ground up. So, it goes from Linux to ground up. So, it goes from Linux to ground up. So, it goes from Linux to containers to Kubernetes. It's very slow containers to Kubernetes. It's very slow containers to Kubernetes. It's very slow and deliberate. So, yeah, you can and deliberate. So, yeah, you can and deliberate. So, yeah, you can definitely do it if you don't have um definitely do it if you don't have um definitely do it if you don't have um have all of that.

So, yes, guys, this is it for today. So, yes, guys, this is it for today. Thank you so much for tuning in. Uh this Thank you so much for tuning in. Uh this Thank you so much for tuning in. Uh this has been week six of the free Linux um has been week six of the free Linux um has been week six of the free Linux um workshop series. workshop series. workshop series. And And And um next week um next week um next week we will I'm think I'm going to get at we will I'm think I'm going to get at we will I'm think I'm going to get at gather some questions from the community gather some questions from the community gather some questions from the community for next week. I'm not sure about the for next week. I'm not sure about the for next week. I'm not sure about the next topic is going to be. next topic is going to be. next topic is going to be. And we'll see next week what is going to And we'll see next week what is going to And we'll see next week what is going to happen. happen. happen. But um But um But um I wish you all a great week. Have a good I wish you all a great week. Have a good I wish you all a great week. Have a good time. time. time. And I um And I um And I um really enjoyed the chat, the questions really enjoyed the chat, the questions really enjoyed the chat, the questions here today. here today. here today. Uh so, it was a pleasure to see you Uh so, it was a pleasure to see you Uh so, it was a pleasure to see you deconstruct myths like Wayland bad deconstruct myths like Wayland bad deconstruct myths like Wayland bad reputation on stream. Great stuff. Good reputation on stream. Great stuff. Good reputation on stream. Great stuff. Good to hear, guys. to hear, guys. to hear, guys. Good discussion. Thank you. Very good uh Very good uh questions today. Thank you so much, questions today. Thank you so much, questions today. Thank you so much, everyone. everyone. everyone. And I appreciate you. Have a good one. And I appreciate you. Have a good one. And I appreciate you. Have a good one. Bye-bye.