How the Pentagon's design enabled hundreds to evacuate to safety on 9/11 | 60 Minutes Archive

60 Minutes Rewind 60 Minutes Rewind >> Even though 125 people were killed in >> Even though 125 people were killed in >> Even though 125 people were killed in the Pentagon September 11th, there was the Pentagon September 11th, there was the Pentagon September 11th, there was still something miraculous about that still something miraculous about that still something miraculous about that day. The 757 obliterated the first and day. The 757 obliterated the first and day. The 757 obliterated the first and part of the second floor, but the third, part of the second floor, but the third, part of the second floor, but the third, fourth, and fifth floors remained fourth, and fifth floors remained fourth, and fifth floors remained suspended in midair for 35 minutes. suspended in midair for 35 minutes. suspended in midair for 35 minutes. Hundreds of people escaped. How was that Hundreds of people escaped. How was that Hundreds of people escaped. How was that possible? The answer lies in a partially possible? The answer lies in a partially possible? The answer lies in a partially classified government study of the classified government study of the classified government study of the terrorist bombings that have come before terrorist bombings that have come before terrorist bombings that have come before like Oklahoma City and Khobar Towers. like Oklahoma City and Khobar Towers. like Oklahoma City and Khobar Towers. Everything we learned in that project Everything we learned in that project Everything we learned in that project was hidden inside the walls of the was hidden inside the walls of the was hidden inside the walls of the Pentagon itself in anticipation that one Pentagon itself in anticipation that one Pentagon itself in anticipation that one day the building would be bombed. You're day the building would be bombed. You're day the building would be bombed. You're about to see how they defended the about to see how they defended the about to see how they defended the building, but first hear from a man who building, but first hear from a man who building, but first hear from a man who experienced the miracle of the Pentagon. experienced the miracle of the Pentagon. experienced the miracle of the Pentagon. >> 5 minutes before the plane hit uh >> 5 minutes before the plane hit uh >> 5 minutes before the plane hit uh somebody asked somebody said, "Come somebody asked somebody said, "Come somebody asked somebody said, "Come over. You got to see what's going on." over. You got to see what's going on." over. You got to see what's going on." So, I walked over and I was looking at So, I walked over and I was looking at So, I walked over and I was looking at the television. the television. the television. And I walked back to my desk and I And I walked back to my desk and I And I walked back to my desk and I called my wife.

called my wife. called my wife. >> John Yates is a civilian security >> John Yates is a civilian security >> John Yates is a civilian security manager in the Pentagon. That day he was manager in the Pentagon. That day he was manager in the Pentagon. That day he was in his office watching the World Trade in his office watching the World Trade in his office watching the World Trade Center on TV. Center on TV. Center on TV. >> And she asked me then to >> And she asked me then to >> And she asked me then to do the rest of my work for the remainder do the rest of my work for the remainder do the rest of my work for the remainder of the day from underneath my desk. of the day from underneath my desk. of the day from underneath my desk. So, I you know, she just said it So, I you know, she just said it So, I you know, she just said it jokingly and I and I and I joked and I jokingly and I and I and I joked and I jokingly and I and I and I joked and I said, "Yeah, okay, honey, I will." said, "Yeah, okay, honey, I will." said, "Yeah, okay, honey, I will." And I walked back over to watch some And I walked back over to watch some And I walked back over to watch some more of what was going on in New York more of what was going on in New York more of what was going on in New York and I I had just been standing there for and I I had just been standing there for and I I had just been standing there for just a couple of minutes just a couple of minutes just a couple of minutes when it the plane hit the building. >> What happened? >> What happened? >> Um the the sound I I just it was >> Um the the sound I I just it was >> Um the the sound I I just it was deafening. Absolutely deafening. deafening. Absolutely deafening. deafening. Absolutely deafening. And uh I mean I just remember this And uh I mean I just remember this And uh I mean I just remember this bright ball of fire that just went right bright ball of fire that just went right bright ball of fire that just went right over my head. over my head. over my head. >> Yeah, yeah. >> Yeah, yeah. >> Yeah, yeah. >> That fire burned 35% of his body. The >> That fire burned 35% of his body. The >> That fire burned 35% of his body. The plane hit directly below his office, but plane hit directly below his office, but plane hit directly below his office, but the floor held, giving some, but not the floor held, giving some, but not the floor held, giving some, but not all, a chance to live.

all, a chance to live. all, a chance to live. >> There were people standing next to you >> There were people standing next to you >> There were people standing next to you in the room watching the television, in the room watching the television, in the room watching the television, watching what was happening in New York watching what was happening in New York watching what was happening in New York City. City. City. >> Yes. >> Yes. >> Yes. >> What happened to them? >> What happened to them? >> What happened to them? >> They didn't make it. The lady standing to my left The lady standing to my left didn't make it. >> They were standing right next to you? >> They were standing right next to you? >> Within an arm's length, yes. >> Within an arm's length, yes. >> Within an arm's length, yes. So, why am I here? I don't know. >> [sighs] >> [sighs] >> I just don't know. >> He's here in part because his floor was >> He's here in part because his floor was reinforced and held up for half an hour. reinforced and held up for half an hour. reinforced and held up for half an hour. In an astonishing stroke of luck, the In an astonishing stroke of luck, the In an astonishing stroke of luck, the terrorists had hit the only section of terrorists had hit the only section of terrorists had hit the only section of the Pentagon, the only section designed the Pentagon, the only section designed the Pentagon, the only section designed to resist a terrorist attack. to resist a terrorist attack. to resist a terrorist attack. >> We had made several modifications to the >> We had made several modifications to the >> We had made several modifications to the building as part of that renovation that building as part of that renovation that building as part of that renovation that we think helped save people's lives.

we think helped save people's lives. we think helped save people's lives. >> Lee Evey runs a billion-dollar project >> Lee Evey runs a billion-dollar project >> Lee Evey runs a billion-dollar project to renovate the Pentagon. They've been to renovate the Pentagon. They've been to renovate the Pentagon. They've been working on it since 1993. working on it since 1993. working on it since 1993. The first section was five days away The first section was five days away The first section was five days away from being finished when the terrorists from being finished when the terrorists from being finished when the terrorists hit it with the 757. hit it with the 757. hit it with the 757. >> You can start to smell the smoke here in >> You can start to smell the smoke here in >> You can start to smell the smoke here in this part of the building. this part of the building. this part of the building. >> the smoke, you can see evidence of smoke >> the smoke, you can see evidence of smoke >> the smoke, you can see evidence of smoke damage here and there. damage here and there. damage here and there. >> To see how so many escaped, you have to >> To see how so many escaped, you have to >> To see how so many escaped, you have to look inside the walls. look inside the walls. look inside the walls. The renovation project built strength The renovation project built strength The renovation project built strength into the 60-year-old limestone exterior into the 60-year-old limestone exterior into the 60-year-old limestone exterior with a web of steel beams and columns. with a web of steel beams and columns. with a web of steel beams and columns. >> So, you have these steel tubes again, >> So, you have these steel tubes again, >> So, you have these steel tubes again, they start on the first floor, go all they start on the first floor, go all they start on the first floor, go all the way up to the fifth floor, and all the way up to the fifth floor, and all the way up to the fifth floor, and all the way through from floor to floor, the way through from floor to floor, the way through from floor to floor, we have everything bolted together with we have everything bolted together with we have everything bolted together with horizontal steel as well as the vertical horizontal steel as well as the vertical horizontal steel as well as the vertical steel. So, it's all put together in one steel. So, it's all put together in one steel. So, it's all put together in one strong matrix of steel strong matrix of steel strong matrix of steel supports and cases the windows supports and cases the windows supports and cases the windows and provides tremendous additional and provides tremendous additional and provides tremendous additional strength to the wall. strength to the wall. strength to the wall. >> When the plane hit at 350 mph, the >> When the plane hit at 350 mph, the >> When the plane hit at 350 mph, the limestone outside shattered. But inside, limestone outside shattered. But inside, limestone outside shattered. But inside, those shards of stone were caught by a those shards of stone were caught by a those shards of stone were caught by a shield of cloth that lines the entire shield of cloth that lines the entire shield of cloth that lines the entire section of the building.

section of the building. section of the building. >> This is a ballistic type cloth. It It >> This is a ballistic type cloth. It It >> This is a ballistic type cloth. It It helps prevent that masonry from perhaps helps prevent that masonry from perhaps helps prevent that masonry from perhaps fragmenting and and blowing through an fragmenting and and blowing through an fragmenting and and blowing through an area where there are people. area where there are people. area where there are people. >> It's essentially a bullet-resistant vest >> It's essentially a bullet-resistant vest >> It's essentially a bullet-resistant vest for the building. for the building. for the building. >> That's in fact what they make >> That's in fact what they make >> That's in fact what they make bullet-resistant vests out of is the bullet-resistant vests out of is the bullet-resistant vests out of is the same type of material. same type of material. same type of material. >> All of this, especially the steel, held >> All of this, especially the steel, held >> All of this, especially the steel, held up the third, fourth, and fifth floors. up the third, fourth, and fifth floors. up the third, fourth, and fifth floors. They stayed for 35 minutes. You can see They stayed for 35 minutes. You can see They stayed for 35 minutes. You can see them through the smoke suspended over them through the smoke suspended over them through the smoke suspended over the hole gouged by the jet. the hole gouged by the jet. the hole gouged by the jet. Only after the evacuation did the heat Only after the evacuation did the heat Only after the evacuation did the heat melt the new steel away. >> If that area had not been renovated, >> If that area had not been renovated, that wall would have lasted how long? that wall would have lasted how long? that wall would have lasted how long? >> Looking at the number of columns and >> Looking at the number of columns and >> Looking at the number of columns and support structures that were otherwise support structures that were otherwise support structures that were otherwise completely destroyed, it might have completely destroyed, it might have completely destroyed, it might have collapsed immediately. collapsed immediately. collapsed immediately. >> I basically said a silent prayer to >> I basically said a silent prayer to >> I basically said a silent prayer to myself uh myself uh myself uh for the victims and then in thanks that for the victims and then in thanks that for the victims and then in thanks that it hit where it hit. it hit where it hit. it hit where it hit. >> Lieutenant General Bob Flowers commands >> Lieutenant General Bob Flowers commands >> Lieutenant General Bob Flowers commands the Army Corps of Engineers.

the Army Corps of Engineers. the Army Corps of Engineers. The Corps helped design the Pentagon's The Corps helped design the Pentagon's The Corps helped design the Pentagon's new protection. The engineers studied new protection. The engineers studied new protection. The engineers studied past attacks, including the 1983 Marine past attacks, including the 1983 Marine past attacks, including the 1983 Marine barracks bombing in Lebanon, Oklahoma barracks bombing in Lebanon, Oklahoma barracks bombing in Lebanon, Oklahoma City in 1995, City in 1995, City in 1995, the US embassies in East Africa, and the the US embassies in East Africa, and the the US embassies in East Africa, and the Khobar Towers barracks in Saudi Arabia. Khobar Towers barracks in Saudi Arabia. Khobar Towers barracks in Saudi Arabia. >> At Khobar Towers, for example, >> At Khobar Towers, for example, >> At Khobar Towers, for example, >> most of the uh >> most of the uh >> most of the uh damage and casualties at Khobar were damage and casualties at Khobar were damage and casualties at Khobar were caused by flying debris caused by flying debris caused by flying debris from the structure and from the glass, from the structure and from the glass, from the structure and from the glass, etc. etc. etc. And so, based on that, we worked to, uh, And so, based on that, we worked to, uh, And so, based on that, we worked to, uh, design things to prevent design things to prevent design things to prevent flying debris and flying glass. flying debris and flying glass. flying debris and flying glass. At Oklahoma City, the bulk of the At Oklahoma City, the bulk of the At Oklahoma City, the bulk of the casualties were caused by the collapsing casualties were caused by the collapsing casualties were caused by the collapsing structure. structure. structure. So, one of the things we studied was how So, one of the things we studied was how So, one of the things we studied was how to put redundant capability in a to put redundant capability in a to put redundant capability in a structure to prevent it from collapsing, structure to prevent it from collapsing, structure to prevent it from collapsing, uh, if it was attacked. And so, by uh, if it was attacked. And so, by uh, if it was attacked. And so, by applying the lessons that you learn from applying the lessons that you learn from applying the lessons that you learn from doing those studies, you can better doing those studies, you can better doing those studies, you can better protect structures in the future. protect structures in the future. protect structures in the future. >> Tough way to learn a lesson. >> Tough way to learn a lesson. >> Tough way to learn a lesson. >> Absolutely.

>> Absolutely. >> Absolutely. >> But, there is an easier way. The Corps of Engineers is making a The Corps of Engineers is making a science of terror, setting off its own science of terror, setting off its own science of terror, setting off its own bombs. bombs. bombs. This is the first time the public has This is the first time the public has This is the first time the public has been allowed to see the Corps's been allowed to see the Corps's been allowed to see the Corps's counterterrorism work at its research counterterrorism work at its research counterterrorism work at its research center in Mississippi. center in Mississippi. center in Mississippi. Reed Mosher is the technical director Reed Mosher is the technical director Reed Mosher is the technical director for survivability. for survivability. for survivability. >> You've developed a team of specialists >> You've developed a team of specialists >> You've developed a team of specialists that goes to these terrorist strikes as that goes to these terrorist strikes as that goes to these terrorist strikes as soon as they happen. soon as they happen. soon as they happen. >> Uh, we try to get there as soon as we >> Uh, we try to get there as soon as we >> Uh, we try to get there as soon as we can to, uh, so we can get the most can to, uh, so we can get the most can to, uh, so we can get the most information of what occurred before they information of what occurred before they information of what occurred before they start doing, uh, start doing, uh, start doing, uh, moving things, uh, repair work, or even, moving things, uh, repair work, or even, moving things, uh, repair work, or even, uh, uh, uh, part of the removal for search. We'd part of the removal for search. We'd part of the removal for search. We'd like to get there as soon as possible. like to get there as soon as possible. like to get there as soon as possible. >> What can you make of these buildings >> What can you make of these buildings >> What can you make of these buildings once they've been blown to bits? once they've been blown to bits? once they've been blown to bits? >> We want to find out what performed well, >> We want to find out what performed well, >> We want to find out what performed well, what didn't perform well, uh, what didn't perform well, uh, what didn't perform well, uh, try to characterize the size of the the try to characterize the size of the the try to characterize the size of the the bomb, the blast. bomb, the blast. bomb, the blast. >> What did you hit this with? >> What did you hit this with? >> What did you hit this with? >> Uh, with a small amount of explosives, >> Uh, with a small amount of explosives, >> Uh, with a small amount of explosives, uh, certain uh, certain uh, certain >> Mosher also designs his own terrorist >> Mosher also designs his own terrorist >> Mosher also designs his own terrorist bombings in miniature with exacting bombings in miniature with exacting bombings in miniature with exacting scale models of reinforced concrete scale models of reinforced concrete scale models of reinforced concrete buildings.

buildings. buildings. >> You've modeled this thing right down to >> You've modeled this thing right down to >> You've modeled this thing right down to the finest detail. You've got what we the finest detail. You've got what we the finest detail. You've got what we used to call cinder blocks, these used to call cinder blocks, these used to call cinder blocks, these concrete masonry units. concrete masonry units. concrete masonry units. >> Right. They're We scaled, uh, down to a >> Right. They're We scaled, uh, down to a >> Right. They're We scaled, uh, down to a quarter scale, and we use these in the quarter scale, and we use these in the quarter scale, and we use these in the experiment to uh, build the walls inside experiment to uh, build the walls inside experiment to uh, build the walls inside of it. of it. of it. >> What sort of >> What sort of >> What sort of >> On this day, Mosher's team is testing a >> On this day, Mosher's team is testing a >> On this day, Mosher's team is testing a common interior wall, particle board, common interior wall, particle board, common interior wall, particle board, steel wall studs, and sheetrock. It's steel wall studs, and sheetrock. It's steel wall studs, and sheetrock. It's set in a steel frame with instruments set in a steel frame with instruments set in a steel frame with instruments inside. inside. inside. >> Right. >> Right. >> Right. >> Can we have a look? >> Can we have a look? >> Can we have a look? >> Yeah, sure. >> Yeah, sure. >> Yeah, sure. >> Oh, it's close in here. >> Oh, it's close in here. >> Oh, it's close in here. So, this is the other side of the wall So, this is the other side of the wall So, this is the other side of the wall we were just looking at. we were just looking at. we were just looking at. >> Correct. >> Correct. >> Correct. >> This would be the interior of the >> This would be the interior of the >> This would be the interior of the building. building. building. >> Right. >> We're armed, ready to go. >> We're armed, ready to go. >> Once the area is all clear, they set off >> Once the area is all clear, they set off >> Once the area is all clear, they set off a bomb. Inside, the destruction is captured in Inside, the destruction is captured in slow motion. slow motion. slow motion. They've done hundreds of these tests to They've done hundreds of these tests to They've done hundreds of these tests to create new kinds of building materials. create new kinds of building materials. create new kinds of building materials. For example, watch what happens to this For example, watch what happens to this For example, watch what happens to this concrete wall.

Now, look at the same kind of wall after Now, look at the same kind of wall after it's been sprayed with a new plastic it's been sprayed with a new plastic it's been sprayed with a new plastic coating. The Corps of Engineers runs these The Corps of Engineers runs these experiments through its supercomputer experiments through its supercomputer experiments through its supercomputer center, one of the most powerful in the center, one of the most powerful in the center, one of the most powerful in the nation. The computer can test various nation. The computer can test various nation. The computer can test various kinds of bombs against different kinds of bombs against different kinds of bombs against different buildings without breaking any glass. buildings without breaking any glass. buildings without breaking any glass. >> It's not just a a pretty movie. It's a >> It's not just a a pretty movie. It's a >> It's not just a a pretty movie. It's a actual calculation. actual calculation. actual calculation. >> In a special 3D imaging room, Mosher >> In a special 3D imaging room, Mosher >> In a special 3D imaging room, Mosher showed us how the supercomputer showed us how the supercomputer showed us how the supercomputer recreates the blast wave at Khobar recreates the blast wave at Khobar recreates the blast wave at Khobar Towers. And predicts the path of every shard of And predicts the path of every shard of glass from a single breaking window. glass from a single breaking window. glass from a single breaking window. >> Just reach up and pick them out. >> These studies have helped create a new >> These studies have helped create a new generation of window that can stand up generation of window that can stand up generation of window that can stand up to tremendous force. to tremendous force. to tremendous force. This experiment shows how those new This experiment shows how those new This experiment shows how those new windows can be fitted into an old windows can be fitted into an old windows can be fitted into an old building. building. building. >> So, the window is strapped in. >> So, the window is strapped in. >> So, the window is strapped in. >> It's like a seatbelt. >> It's like a seatbelt. >> It's like a seatbelt. >> Seatbelt, right. That's a good way to >> Seatbelt, right. That's a good way to >> Seatbelt, right. That's a good way to explain explain explain >> pops >> pops >> pops >> a couple of feet, looks like, and stops.

>> a couple of feet, looks like, and stops. >> a couple of feet, looks like, and stops. >> Stops, exactly. >> Stops, exactly. >> Stops, exactly. >> What a mess. The Corps has tested the >> What a mess. The Corps has tested the >> What a mess. The Corps has tested the hard way more than 100 window designs. hard way more than 100 window designs. hard way more than 100 window designs. >> So, what you have here is is glass on >> So, what you have here is is glass on >> So, what you have here is is glass on the outside, glass on the inside with the outside, glass on the inside with the outside, glass on the inside with this plastic sheet in the middle. this plastic sheet in the middle. this plastic sheet in the middle. >> Right. Retains all the glass particles >> Right. Retains all the glass particles >> Right. Retains all the glass particles when it's hit and they all crack and when it's hit and they all crack and when it's hit and they all crack and it's actually connected into the frame it's actually connected into the frame it's actually connected into the frame so that it gives it strength to keep it so that it gives it strength to keep it so that it gives it strength to keep it from blowing in. from blowing in. from blowing in. >> The renovated section of the Pentagon >> The renovated section of the Pentagon >> The renovated section of the Pentagon had just been fitted with had just been fitted with had just been fitted with blast-resistant windows. blast-resistant windows. blast-resistant windows. >> This is the room that I was looking out >> This is the room that I was looking out >> This is the room that I was looking out from. from. from. >> You were behind >> You were behind >> You were behind >> US Army Lieutenant Colonel Vince Cam was >> US Army Lieutenant Colonel Vince Cam was >> US Army Lieutenant Colonel Vince Cam was sitting next to one of those windows. sitting next to one of those windows. sitting next to one of those windows. >> I was sitting basically about 3 ft away >> I was sitting basically about 3 ft away >> I was sitting basically about 3 ft away from the window. And I can see with that from the window. And I can see with that from the window. And I can see with that loud bang that accompanied us, a loud bang that accompanied us, a loud bang that accompanied us, a fireball that came up towards the fireball that came up towards the fireball that came up towards the window. window. window. >> This fireball, bright as the sun? >> This fireball, bright as the sun? >> This fireball, bright as the sun? >> Oh, it was much brighter. It's like a >> Oh, it was much brighter. It's like a >> Oh, it was much brighter. It's like a stove. If you can imagine turning on a stove. If you can imagine turning on a stove. If you can imagine turning on a stove, it's kind of like bright reddish stove, it's kind of like bright reddish stove, it's kind of like bright reddish orange.

orange. orange. >> But neither the heat nor the force broke >> But neither the heat nor the force broke >> But neither the heat nor the force broke through the windows that were right next through the windows that were right next through the windows that were right next to the impact site. The Pentagon's new to the impact site. The Pentagon's new to the impact site. The Pentagon's new windows cost $10,000 windows cost $10,000 windows cost $10,000 apiece. apiece. apiece. No one has counted how many lives they No one has counted how many lives they No one has counted how many lives they saved. saved. saved. >> If I was >> If I was >> If I was sitting in the same window sitting in the same window sitting in the same window on the unrenovated part of the Pentagon, on the unrenovated part of the Pentagon, on the unrenovated part of the Pentagon, I probably wouldn't have survived it. >> Today, Lee Eby's team has finished >> Today, Lee Eby's team has finished tearing down the section that they had tearing down the section that they had tearing down the section that they had just put up. 400,000 just put up. 400,000 just put up. 400,000 square feet. square feet. square feet. >> So, on the order of 10% of the Pentagon >> So, on the order of 10% of the Pentagon >> So, on the order of 10% of the Pentagon is gone. And there goes another half a percent. And there goes another half a percent. >> bit more. >> bit more. >> bit more. >> [laughter] >> [laughter] >> [laughter] >> That's correct. >> That's correct. >> That's correct. Yeah, about Yeah, about Yeah, about less less than 10% of the building is less less than 10% of the building is less less than 10% of the building is being taken down. being taken down. being taken down. >> This was the Pentagon then. >> This was the Pentagon then. >> This was the Pentagon then. But look at it now.

Already the new Pentagon is rising. Already the new Pentagon is rising. These steel rods that will support the These steel rods that will support the These steel rods that will support the new columns are being sunk into the same new columns are being sunk into the same new columns are being sunk into the same old pilings. old pilings. old pilings. September 11th will always be an September 11th will always be an September 11th will always be an essential date for the Pentagon. essential date for the Pentagon. essential date for the Pentagon. It was September 11th, 1941, It was September 11th, 1941, It was September 11th, 1941, that ground was broken for the building. that ground was broken for the building. that ground was broken for the building. And on September 11th, 2002, And on September 11th, 2002, And on September 11th, 2002, they intend to open the new section. they intend to open the new section. they intend to open the new section. >> What's it going to look like when you >> What's it going to look like when you >> What's it going to look like when you have it finished? have it finished? have it finished? >> You know what it looked like before? >> You know what it looked like before? >> You know what it looked like before? >> Yeah. >> Yeah. >> Yeah. >> That's what it's going to look like >> That's what it's going to look like >> That's what it's going to look like again. again. again. Exactly. Exactly. Exactly. >> They're already pulling the limestone >> They're already pulling the limestone >> They're already pulling the limestone out of the same Indiana quarry of 60 out of the same Indiana quarry of 60 out of the same Indiana quarry of 60 years ago. years ago. years ago. In Mississippi, the supercomputers are In Mississippi, the supercomputers are In Mississippi, the supercomputers are analyzing the September 11th attack to analyzing the September 11th attack to analyzing the September 11th attack to improve the defenses even more. improve the defenses even more. improve the defenses even more. And John Yates has already been told And John Yates has already been told And John Yates has already been told that he will be moving back into the that he will be moving back into the that he will be moving back into the very same office. very same office. very same office. >> It's a testament to the >> It's a testament to the >> It's a testament to the to the work that the people in the to the work that the people in the to the work that the people in the renovation did and the and the renovation did and the and the renovation did and the and the engineers. engineers. engineers. And, you know, if it hadn't been done, if there'd been if it hadn't been done, if there'd been no structural hardening, no structural hardening, no structural hardening, I can't imagine what the death and I can't imagine what the death and I can't imagine what the death and and destruction would be.

and destruction would be. and destruction would be. It just it would be it would have been It just it would be it would have been It just it would be it would have been more catastrophic than what it is. 10 more catastrophic than what it is. 10 more catastrophic than what it is. 10 times, 100 times worse. times, 100 times worse. times, 100 times worse. >> And you would have been in that number. >> And you would have been in that number. >> And you would have been in that number. >> Yeah. I don't ask why anymore. I don't ask why anymore. I just say thank you.