Dan Carlin's Hardcore History Episode 64 Supernova in the East 3

what you're about to hear is part three what you're about to hear is part three of a multi-part series on the second of a multi-part series on the second of a multi-part series on the second world war in the Asia Pacific world war in the Asia Pacific world war in the Asia Pacific Theater if you don't mind your story Theater if you don't mind your story Theater if you don't mind your story starting in the middle and you haven't starting in the middle and you haven't starting in the middle and you haven't heard the first couple of additions well heard the first couple of additions well heard the first couple of additions well this is a perfect place to start if you this is a perfect place to start if you this is a perfect place to start if you like your stories with the background like your stories with the background like your stories with the background and the context and all that well you and the context and all that well you and the context and all that well you might want to catch up on the first two might want to catch up on the first two might want to catch up on the first two shows if you already caught up on the shows if you already caught up on the shows if you already caught up on the first two shows well welcome to the long first two shows well welcome to the long first two shows well welcome to the long awaited sorry about that part three part awaited sorry about that part three part awaited sorry about that part three part of the reason it's a little long awaited of the reason it's a little long awaited of the reason it's a little long awaited is I wrote a book you want to find out is I wrote a book you want to find out is I wrote a book you want to find out more about it go to our website fast more about it go to our website fast more about it go to our website fast forward to the end of this show or just forward to the end of this show or just forward to the end of this show or just wait till you get there naturally in the wait till you get there naturally in the wait till you get there naturally in the meantime Supernova in the East part meantime Supernova in the East part meantime Supernova in the East part three December three December three December 7th 7th 7th 1941 it's history a date which will 1941 it's history a date which will 1941 it's history a date which will live in infamy that's one small step for live in infamy that's one small step for live in infamy that's one small step for man the events one the the figure not the let the figure not the let the figure not the let the word from this time and place I take word from this time and place I take word from this time and place I take pride in the words pride in the words pride in the words isina the drama Mr isina the drama Mr isina the drama Mr GB tear down this GB tear down this GB tear down this [Applause] [Applause] [Applause] war Mar six now two has had a major war Mar six now two has had a major war Mar six now two has had a major explosion and what appears to be a explosion and what appears to be a explosion and what appears to be a complete collapse deep question I

complete collapse deep question I complete collapse deep question I welcome this kind of examination because welcome this kind of examination because welcome this kind of examination because people have got to know whether or not people have got to know whether or not people have got to know whether or not their president's a cro well I'm not a their president's a cro well I'm not a their president's a cro well I'm not a crook if we dig deep in our history and crook if we dig deep in our history and crook if we dig deep in our history and our doct and remember that we are not our doct and remember that we are not our doct and remember that we are not descended from fearful descended from fearful descended from fearful [Music] [Music] [Music] men it's Hardcore History one of the reasons you can't put History one of the reasons you can't put much trust in the idea of the lessons of much trust in the idea of the lessons of much trust in the idea of the lessons of History especially when it applies to History especially when it applies to History especially when it applies to specific specific specific situations is that we human beings see situations is that we human beings see situations is that we human beings see the sorts of behaviors that we admire the sorts of behaviors that we admire the sorts of behaviors that we admire and then we choose the examples that fit and then we choose the examples that fit and then we choose the examples that fit our bias so for example we all have this our bias so for example we all have this our bias so for example we all have this tendency to tendency to tendency to celebrate Resolute Defiance and strength celebrate Resolute Defiance and strength celebrate Resolute Defiance and strength and uh willingness to confront things and uh willingness to confront things and uh willingness to confront things like you know we like our churchillian like you know we like our churchillian like you know we like our churchillian confrontation with evil uh the ideas the confrontation with evil uh the ideas the confrontation with evil uh the ideas the strong ideas of we learned from 1938 in strong ideas of we learned from 1938 in strong ideas of we learned from 1938 in Munich that you can't appease dictators Munich that you can't appease dictators Munich that you can't appease dictators you know this idea of strength is much you know this idea of strength is much you know this idea of strength is much lauded in the lessons of history but we lauded in the lessons of history but we lauded in the lessons of history but we never take the never take the never take the opposite lesson assuming that this is opposite lesson assuming that this is opposite lesson assuming that this is some kind of lesson to heart and that's some kind of lesson to heart and that's some kind of lesson to heart and that's that sometimes one might suspect it that sometimes one might suspect it that sometimes one might suspect it would be worth putting a statue up to would be worth putting a statue up to would be worth putting a statue up to somebody in a government that caved into somebody in a government that caved into somebody in a government that caved into his his his adversaries that submitted that that adversaries that submitted that that adversaries that submitted that that cried cried cried Uncle the reason I bring that up is Uncle the reason I bring that up is Uncle the reason I bring that up is because if you could have found somebody

because if you could have found somebody because if you could have found somebody in the Japanese leadership and that may in the Japanese leadership and that may in the Japanese leadership and that may have included the Emperor who would have have included the Emperor who would have have included the Emperor who would have done something like that he would have done something like that he would have done something like that he would have saved his country from the worst saved his country from the worst saved his country from the worst disaster it ever disaster it ever disaster it ever had and yet think of how impossible it had and yet think of how impossible it had and yet think of how impossible it is to imagine a person in that situation is to imagine a person in that situation is to imagine a person in that situation doing that one of the reasons we spent doing that one of the reasons we spent doing that one of the reasons we spent so much time and everybody else does on so much time and everybody else does on so much time and everybody else does on the dysfunctional development of the the dysfunctional development of the the dysfunctional development of the Japanese government is because this Japanese government is because this Japanese government is because this December 7th 1941 incident is where it December 7th 1941 incident is where it December 7th 1941 incident is where it fails in the worst possible way I mean fails in the worst possible way I mean fails in the worst possible way I mean to quote one of well 97% of the to quote one of well 97% of the to quote one of well 97% of the historians of the world who think this historians of the world who think this historians of the world who think this is the like one of the worst decisions is the like one of the worst decisions is the like one of the worst decisions ever Naval historian Craig L Simons ever Naval historian Craig L Simons ever Naval historian Craig L Simons called the attack at Pearl Harbor one of called the attack at Pearl Harbor one of called the attack at Pearl Harbor one of the most Reckless and irresponsible the most Reckless and irresponsible the most Reckless and irresponsible decisions in the history of warfare and decisions in the history of warfare and decisions in the history of warfare and the reason it's Reckless and the reason it's Reckless and the reason it's Reckless and irresponsible is because the chances of irresponsible is because the chances of irresponsible is because the chances of success in this Japanese war plan are so success in this Japanese war plan are so success in this Japanese war plan are so small I mean when are these gambles okay small I mean when are these gambles okay small I mean when are these gambles okay if you're talking about risking an if you're talking about risking an if you're talking about risking an entire country right when is the cost of entire country right when is the cost of entire country right when is the cost of benefit ratio lining up all right for benefit ratio lining up all right for benefit ratio lining up all right for you I often wonder how much better life you I often wonder how much better life you I often wonder how much better life would be for the average German today if would be for the average German today if would be for the average German today if you know Germany had won the war in the you know Germany had won the war in the you know Germany had won the war in the second world war are they all living second world war are they all living second world war are they all living like Kardashians today or are they like Kardashians today or are they like Kardashians today or are they mildly better off than they would be mildly better off than they would be mildly better off than they would be anyway right how much of this actually anyway right how much of this actually anyway right how much of this actually filters down to the average person as a filters down to the average person as a filters down to the average person as a sort of a counterbalance to balance out sort of a counterbalance to balance out sort of a counterbalance to balance out the risk that you're taking that you the risk that you're taking that you the risk that you're taking that you might lose the war if you look at might lose the war if you look at might lose the war if you look at Germany's risk in 1914 when they March Germany's risk in 1914 when they March Germany's risk in 1914 when they March into Belgium assuming that the British into Belgium assuming that the British into Belgium assuming that the British won't get involved and World War I

won't get involved and World War I won't get involved and World War I breaks out anyway say what you want and breaks out anyway say what you want and breaks out anyway say what you want and it's a horrible risk because it doesn't it's a horrible risk because it doesn't it's a horrible risk because it doesn't just lead to World War I but the in War just lead to World War I but the in War just lead to World War I but the in War years the rise of Nazis and World War II years the rise of Nazis and World War II years the rise of Nazis and World War II I mean it's a disaster but Germany had a I mean it's a disaster but Germany had a I mean it's a disaster but Germany had a decent chance in that war they could decent chance in that war they could decent chance in that war they could have won it theoretically in the last have won it theoretically in the last have won it theoretically in the last year of the conflict so as bad of a year of the conflict so as bad of a year of the conflict so as bad of a decision as that was it's worlds apart decision as that was it's worlds apart decision as that was it's worlds apart from the Japanese decision which has from the Japanese decision which has from the Japanese decision which has just as much in the way of C kmic just as much in the way of C kmic just as much in the way of C kmic ramifications if you lose but your ramifications if you lose but your ramifications if you lose but your chances of winning are so much smaller chances of winning are so much smaller chances of winning are so much smaller you want to think percentile dice you you want to think percentile dice you you want to think percentile dice you Dungeons and Dragons fans 97 or above Dungeons and Dragons fans 97 or above Dungeons and Dragons fans 97 or above Japanese come out of this in any way Japanese come out of this in any way Japanese come out of this in any way shape or form um okay let's review shall shape or form um okay let's review shall shape or form um okay let's review shall we they um you know if you go to the we they um you know if you go to the we they um you know if you go to the Japanese Optimus society that the Japanese Optimus society that the Japanese Optimus society that the military I made this up but the you military I made this up but the you military I made this up but the you imagine the most Rose Colored Glasses of imagine the most Rose Colored Glasses of imagine the most Rose Colored Glasses of the Army and Navy guys and uh and the Army and Navy guys and uh and the Army and Navy guys and uh and they're thinking about the multiple ways they're thinking about the multiple ways they're thinking about the multiple ways that they could win this war we already that they could win this war we already that they could win this war we already talked about the first one and that's talked about the first one and that's talked about the first one and that's going to come into play right after going to come into play right after going to come into play right after Pearl Harbor and that is the idea that Pearl Harbor and that is the idea that Pearl Harbor and that is the idea that they are going to explode across the they are going to explode across the they are going to explode across the region take over a whole you know think region take over a whole you know think region take over a whole you know think about a circular area sort of roughly about a circular area sort of roughly about a circular area sort of roughly kind of like an egg maybe um that kind of like an egg maybe um that kind of like an egg maybe um that encompasses all the resources they need encompasses all the resources they need encompasses all the resources they need to be self-sufficient and then they're to be self-sufficient and then they're to be self-sufficient and then they're going to fortify it all and make the going to fortify it all and make the going to fortify it all and make the other side take it back in what would be other side take it back in what would be other side take it back in what would be in their minds if you're the Rose in their minds if you're the Rose in their minds if you're the Rose Colored Glasses wearing optimists here Colored Glasses wearing optimists here Colored Glasses wearing optimists here uh an island an archipel version of the uh an island an archipel version of the uh an island an archipel version of the first world war Western Front first world war Western Front first world war Western Front trenches that would also include a a web trenches that would also include a a web trenches that would also include a a web of air cover as the Japanese see it so

of air cover as the Japanese see it so of air cover as the Japanese see it so number one is we take it all and we make number one is we take it all and we make number one is we take it all and we make you uh take it all back and this is you uh take it all back and this is you uh take it all back and this is where by the way the Japanese hope to where by the way the Japanese hope to where by the way the Japanese hope to maximize one of the few advantages they maximize one of the few advantages they maximize one of the few advantages they have as they see it over the other side have as they see it over the other side have as they see it over the other side and that is morale we started off this and that is morale we started off this and that is morale we started off this entire series talking about these entire series talking about these entire series talking about these Japanese people who stayed on the Japanese people who stayed on the Japanese people who stayed on the islands decades after the war was over islands decades after the war was over islands decades after the war was over how do you leverage that into winning how do you leverage that into winning how do you leverage that into winning somehow well this strategy of occupying somehow well this strategy of occupying somehow well this strategy of occupying these islands fortifying them and then these islands fortifying them and then these islands fortifying them and then making the Allies take them back well making the Allies take them back well making the Allies take them back well that's maximizing them right because that's maximizing them right because that's maximizing them right because you're assuming they're going to get you're assuming they're going to get you're assuming they're going to get tired of losing people for these little tired of losing people for these little tired of losing people for these little Sandy at holes in the Pacific more Sandy at holes in the Pacific more Sandy at holes in the Pacific more quickly than you are now number two quickly than you are now number two quickly than you are now number two possible way that the Japanese win here possible way that the Japanese win here possible way that the Japanese win here if you're in the Optimus room uh the if you're in the Optimus room uh the if you're in the Optimus room uh the axis wins the War I mean if the Germans axis wins the War I mean if the Germans axis wins the War I mean if the Germans win um then maybe everything changes it win um then maybe everything changes it win um then maybe everything changes it should be noted by the way that as Pearl should be noted by the way that as Pearl should be noted by the way that as Pearl Harbor is happening the Soviet Union's Harbor is happening the Soviet Union's Harbor is happening the Soviet Union's Red Army are mustering their forces for Red Army are mustering their forces for Red Army are mustering their forces for the big Counterattack at Moscow that the big Counterattack at Moscow that the big Counterattack at Moscow that will change the entire complexion of the will change the entire complexion of the will change the entire complexion of the war in Europe so the timing on this war in Europe so the timing on this war in Europe so the timing on this could not be worse right as we're could not be worse right as we're could not be worse right as we're finding out that hey Germany's probably finding out that hey Germany's probably finding out that hey Germany's probably not going to win the war is basically not going to win the war is basically not going to win the war is basically you know right around the same time you know right around the same time you know right around the same time period we're at right now finally number period we're at right now finally number period we're at right now finally number three and this is the most interesting three and this is the most interesting three and this is the most interesting way that Japan wins this war somehow is way that Japan wins this war somehow is way that Japan wins this war somehow is what happens if this pan asianism idea what happens if this pan asianism idea what happens if this pan asianism idea that you know a lot of the japanes jaese that you know a lot of the japanes jaese that you know a lot of the japanes jaese leadership sort of sees as a more PR leadership sort of sees as a more PR leadership sort of sees as a more PR marketing tool although some really marketing tool although some really marketing tool although some really believe it but what if that catches on believe it but what if that catches on believe it but what if that catches on remember what that is all of Asia in

remember what that is all of Asia in remember what that is all of Asia in this time period with the exception of this time period with the exception of this time period with the exception of Japan and you know one or two scant Japan and you know one or two scant Japan and you know one or two scant other places are Colonial possessions or other places are Colonial possessions or other places are Colonial possessions or places like the Philippines that aren't places like the Philippines that aren't places like the Philippines that aren't officially colonies but have a officially colonies but have a officially colonies but have a relationship with the United States relationship with the United States relationship with the United States that's subordinate let's put it that way that's subordinate let's put it that way that's subordinate let's put it that way um there is a lot of anger as you might um there is a lot of anger as you might um there is a lot of anger as you might imagine seething in these areas and imagine seething in these areas and imagine seething in these areas and these peoples have never been able to these peoples have never been able to these peoples have never been able to confront the Western uh colonizers in confront the Western uh colonizers in confront the Western uh colonizers in any sort of military sense but here's a any sort of military sense but here's a any sort of military sense but here's a power from Asia that can and that at power from Asia that can and that at power from Asia that can and that at least with the marketing material is least with the marketing material is least with the marketing material is suggesting that that's exactly what suggesting that that's exactly what suggesting that that's exactly what they're doing in the Fantastic they're doing in the Fantastic they're doing in the Fantastic rose-colored glasses dreams of The rose-colored glasses dreams of The rose-colored glasses dreams of The Optimist in Japan they see a giant Optimist in Japan they see a giant Optimist in Japan they see a giant rising of all of the peoples of Asia you rising of all of the peoples of Asia you rising of all of the peoples of Asia you know to sort of rally to Japan's banner know to sort of rally to Japan's banner know to sort of rally to Japan's banner and and and Leadership but if those things don't Leadership but if those things don't Leadership but if those things don't happen Japan is going to be as Winn happen Japan is going to be as Winn happen Japan is going to be as Winn Churchill said ground to powder a better Churchill said ground to powder a better Churchill said ground to powder a better metaphor if you want to be more accurate metaphor if you want to be more accurate metaphor if you want to be more accurate would be burnt to would be burnt to would be burnt to Cinders and the only person who perhaps Cinders and the only person who perhaps Cinders and the only person who perhaps could have saved them would have been could have saved them would have been could have saved them would have been somebody who stood up and said at the somebody who stood up and said at the somebody who stood up and said at the last minute when there were no real last minute when there were no real last minute when there were no real options options options uncle and we don't put statues up to uncle and we don't put statues up to uncle and we don't put statues up to people that give into our enemies even people that give into our enemies even people that give into our enemies even if they save our entire Society by doing if they save our entire Society by doing if they save our entire Society by doing so now in all fairness people have so now in all fairness people have so now in all fairness people have always made the argument that this is always made the argument that this is always made the argument that this is exactly the role the emperor eventually exactly the role the emperor eventually exactly the role the emperor eventually played in ending the war more on that played in ending the war more on that played in ending the war more on that later of course but that he bravely as

later of course but that he bravely as later of course but that he bravely as the only person who really could said the only person who really could said the only person who really could said enough but investigators looking into enough but investigators looking into enough but investigators looking into these things that the Tokyo war crimes these things that the Tokyo war crimes these things that the Tokyo war crimes trials wanted to know that if he had the trials wanted to know that if he had the trials wanted to know that if he had the power to do that at the end of the war power to do that at the end of the war power to do that at the end of the war why didn't he use it before the war why didn't he use it before the war why didn't he use it before the war broke out and that's when you get back broke out and that's when you get back broke out and that's when you get back to the whole dysfunctional Japanese to the whole dysfunctional Japanese to the whole dysfunctional Japanese government and all the reasons it was government and all the reasons it was government and all the reasons it was let's not forget for example about let's not forget for example about let's not forget for example about assassinations and how much of a tool to assassinations and how much of a tool to assassinations and how much of a tool to prevent thinking that wasn't patriotic prevent thinking that wasn't patriotic prevent thinking that wasn't patriotic enough from being you know publicly enough from being you know publicly enough from being you know publicly expounded upon I mean there was a period expounded upon I mean there was a period expounded upon I mean there was a period in Japanese history that we talked about in Japanese history that we talked about in Japanese history that we talked about where historians sometimes call it where historians sometimes call it where historians sometimes call it government by government by government by assassination and it was the most assassination and it was the most assassination and it was the most extreme in Japanese Society sort of extreme in Japanese Society sort of extreme in Japanese Society sort of driving the bus if you will and remember driving the bus if you will and remember driving the bus if you will and remember Japan was following the trend of places Japan was following the trend of places Japan was following the trend of places like Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union like Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union like Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union where where where any sort of dissent or not Towing the any sort of dissent or not Towing the any sort of dissent or not Towing the party line was less and less accepted party line was less and less accepted party line was less and less accepted and super patriotism was sort of the new and super patriotism was sort of the new and super patriotism was sort of the new minimum standard allowable and minimum standard allowable and minimum standard allowable and unquestioning loyalty to the state was unquestioning loyalty to the state was unquestioning loyalty to the state was required in Japan had been at least the required in Japan had been at least the required in Japan had been at least the decade previous to this sort of purging decade previous to this sort of purging decade previous to this sort of purging itself of leftists and anarchists and itself of leftists and anarchists and itself of leftists and anarchists and people that wrote bad things about the people that wrote bad things about the people that wrote bad things about the government and the ones who weren't in government and the ones who weren't in government and the ones who weren't in prison or under surveillance were cowed prison or under surveillance were cowed prison or under surveillance were cowed so the voices that might get up and so the voices that might get up and so the voices that might get up and speak against SU suicidal decisions speak against SU suicidal decisions speak against SU suicidal decisions aren't really in a position to do that aren't really in a position to do that aren't really in a position to do that by the time December 7th rolls around by the time December 7th rolls around by the time December 7th rolls around and let's remember almost every country and let's remember almost every country and let's remember almost every country in this story has a nice proportion of

in this story has a nice proportion of in this story has a nice proportion of its citizens who believe that phrase my its citizens who believe that phrase my its citizens who believe that phrase my country right or wrong well remember in country right or wrong well remember in country right or wrong well remember in Japan they not only believe that phrase Japan they not only believe that phrase Japan they not only believe that phrase probably at higher levels than most probably at higher levels than most probably at higher levels than most people uh a significant chunk of them people uh a significant chunk of them people uh a significant chunk of them believe that their Emperor is a living believe that their Emperor is a living believe that their Emperor is a living God so if you want to sort of have God so if you want to sort of have God so if you want to sort of have unquestioning loyalty in the State when unquestioning loyalty in the State when unquestioning loyalty in the State when the state is a living God um you can the state is a living God um you can the state is a living God um you can just ratchet that you know normal level just ratchet that you know normal level just ratchet that you know normal level of patriotism that most people think is of patriotism that most people think is of patriotism that most people think is good way up to 11 off into Super Patriot good way up to 11 off into Super Patriot good way up to 11 off into Super Patriot land when it can become destructive but of course let's destructive but of course let's remember it takes somebody like a super remember it takes somebody like a super remember it takes somebody like a super Patriot sometimes or as we said in the Patriot sometimes or as we said in the Patriot sometimes or as we said in the second world war here in the United second world war here in the United second world war here in the United States a States a States a fanatic to be willing to kill themselves fanatic to be willing to kill themselves fanatic to be willing to kill themselves die their aircraft into an enemy ship in die their aircraft into an enemy ship in die their aircraft into an enemy ship in the hopes of making any little the hopes of making any little the hopes of making any little difference in the war effort for their difference in the war effort for their difference in the war effort for their country or their Emperor or their country or their Emperor or their country or their Emperor or their beliefs and the beliefs are interesting beliefs and the beliefs are interesting beliefs and the beliefs are interesting from a really human standpoint there's a from a really human standpoint there's a from a really human standpoint there's a great book called Japan at War and oral great book called Japan at War and oral great book called Japan at War and oral history by haruku Taya cook and Theodore history by haruku Taya cook and Theodore history by haruku Taya cook and Theodore F cook that is um in oral history with F cook that is um in oral history with F cook that is um in oral history with Japanese voices talking about all these Japanese voices talking about all these Japanese voices talking about all these different kinds of things and different kinds of things and different kinds of things and the introduction talks about how there the introduction talks about how there the introduction talks about how there are certain wartime are certain wartime are certain wartime phrases that were really only used in phrases that were really only used in phrases that were really only used in Wartime but they came out in the Wartime but they came out in the Wartime but they came out in the interviews because there's nothing else interviews because there's nothing else interviews because there's nothing else that describes

that describes that describes them and I was interested in why some of them and I was interested in why some of them and I was interested in why some of these people fought because like every these people fought because like every these people fought because like every army during this period there's a lot of army during this period there's a lot of army during this period there's a lot of conscripts there's a lot of people that conscripts there's a lot of people that conscripts there's a lot of people that go because they have to or because go because they have to or because go because they have to or because everyone else is going who don't think everyone else is going who don't think everyone else is going who don't think too much about the causes but there's a too much about the causes but there's a too much about the causes but there's a lot of these people and especially the lot of these people and especially the lot of these people and especially the super Patriots the ones who feel very super Patriots the ones who feel very super Patriots the ones who feel very strongly who have thought deeply about strongly who have thought deeply about strongly who have thought deeply about what they're doing and what they're doing and what they're doing and why and I was interested in the why and I was interested in the why and I was interested in the similarities between the university and similarities between the university and similarities between the university and high school professors in Germany in the high school professors in Germany in the high school professors in Germany in the first world war and in Japan before the first world war and in Japan before the first world war and in Japan before the second if you go read any number of second if you go read any number of second if you go read any number of accounts but All Quiet on the Western accounts but All Quiet on the Western accounts but All Quiet on the Western fronts the most famous they all talk fronts the most famous they all talk fronts the most famous they all talk about how their professors it's funny about how their professors it's funny about how their professors it's funny it's like the opposite of today's it's like the opposite of today's it's like the opposite of today's stereotype of the mark IST leftist stereotype of the mark IST leftist stereotype of the mark IST leftist Professor that corrupts the young minds Professor that corrupts the young minds Professor that corrupts the young minds that come into the classroom and makes that come into the classroom and makes that come into the classroom and makes them anti-government before the first them anti-government before the first them anti-government before the first world war these German High School world war these German High School world war these German High School professors were famous for whipping professors were famous for whipping professors were famous for whipping their students up into patriotic frenzy their students up into patriotic frenzy their students up into patriotic frenzy getting them to join the military what getting them to join the military what getting them to join the military what are you going to do for the Empire what are you going to do for the Empire what are you going to do for the Empire what you know and and getting them all fired you know and and getting them all fired you know and and getting them all fired up patriotically and in the second world up patriotically and in the second world up patriotically and in the second world before the second world war you see this before the second world war you see this before the second world war you see this same Dynamic going on in Japan and in same Dynamic going on in Japan and in same Dynamic going on in Japan and in the book Japan at war in oral history the book Japan at war in oral history the book Japan at war in oral history one of the people that they quote is one one of the people that they quote is one one of the people that they quote is one of these young people who gets fired up of these young people who gets fired up of these young people who gets fired up for idealistic reasons that you know for idealistic reasons that you know for idealistic reasons that you know it's funny you could see college it's funny you could see college it's funny you could see college students getting fired up about today in students getting fired up about today in students getting fired up about today in a broad a broad a broad sense the student's name is noji

sense the student's name is noji sense the student's name is noji harumichi and he talks about getting harumichi and he talks about getting harumichi and he talks about getting fired up by a fired up by a fired up by a professor quote the man who really got professor quote the man who really got professor quote the man who really got me all stirred up about colonialism was me all stirred up about colonialism was me all stirred up about colonialism was Professor imamura chuki he was the Professor imamura chuki he was the Professor imamura chuki he was the founder and head of the Department of founder and head of the Department of founder and head of the Department of colonial econom omics at nihan colonial econom omics at nihan colonial econom omics at nihan University the private college we called University the private college we called University the private college we called nidai he'd say in class I've been to nidai he'd say in class I've been to nidai he'd say in class I've been to Shang High where signs say dogs and Shang High where signs say dogs and Shang High where signs say dogs and yellow people no entry I've been to the yellow people no entry I've been to the yellow people no entry I've been to the South Seas an area controlled entirely South Seas an area controlled entirely South Seas an area controlled entirely by the white man he'd ask us what are by the white man he'd ask us what are by the white man he'd ask us what are you going to do to knock down this you going to do to knock down this you going to do to knock down this structure he had studied in America and structure he had studied in America and structure he had studied in America and was a professor of current events but he was a professor of current events but he was a professor of current events but he devoted himself to rousing speeches like devoted himself to rousing speeches like devoted himself to rousing speeches like this my feelings resonated with him I this my feelings resonated with him I this my feelings resonated with him I burned with the desire to act given an burned with the desire to act given an burned with the desire to act given an opportunity I want to go to the front I opportunity I want to go to the front I opportunity I want to go to the front I want to go to China I want to do want to go to China I want to do want to go to China I want to do something myself that's what we all something myself that's what we all something myself that's what we all said he continued and this gives us an said he continued and this gives us an said he continued and this gives us an idea of how some of the passionate idea of how some of the passionate idea of how some of the passionate people you know on the other side people you know on the other side people you know on the other side especially the young idealists might especially the young idealists might especially the young idealists might have felt given what they were being have felt given what they were being have felt given what they were being taught taught taught quote America and Britain had been quote America and Britain had been quote America and Britain had been colonizing China for many years just colonizing China for many years just colonizing China for many years just Japan came to this late China was such a Japan came to this late China was such a Japan came to this late China was such a backward Nation at the time of the backward Nation at the time of the backward Nation at the time of the mansurian incident in 1931 we felt Japan mansurian incident in 1931 we felt Japan mansurian incident in 1931 we felt Japan should go out there and use Japanese should go out there and use Japanese should go out there and use Japanese technology and Leadership to make China technology and Leadership to make China technology and Leadership to make China a better country what was actually

a better country what was actually a better country what was actually happening on the battlefield was all happening on the battlefield was all happening on the battlefield was all secret then but I felt sure that the secret then but I felt sure that the secret then but I felt sure that the greater East Asia co-prosperity spear greater East Asia co-prosperity spear greater East Asia co-prosperity spear would be of crucial importance to the would be of crucial importance to the would be of crucial importance to the backward races Japan and Germany would backward races Japan and Germany would backward races Japan and Germany would only have to combine forces to break the only have to combine forces to break the only have to combine forces to break the Anglo-Saxon hold on Asia and Anglo-Saxon hold on Asia and Anglo-Saxon hold on Asia and redistribute the colonies that's how we redistribute the colonies that's how we redistribute the colonies that's how we felt then end felt then end felt then end quote it's interesting if you compare quote it's interesting if you compare quote it's interesting if you compare why that person thinks they're going to why that person thinks they're going to why that person thinks they're going to go off and fight to why say Americans in go off and fight to why say Americans in go off and fight to why say Americans in Korea or in Vietnam felt like they were Korea or in Vietnam felt like they were Korea or in Vietnam felt like they were going off to going off to going off to fight a highminded you know I I knew fight a highminded you know I I knew fight a highminded you know I I knew people like this who went there because people like this who went there because people like this who went there because they thought they were helping to keep they thought they were helping to keep they thought they were helping to keep or to free other people right we were or to free other people right we were or to free other people right we were risking our own blood and treasure not risking our own blood and treasure not risking our own blood and treasure not for our own strategic interest but for our own strategic interest but for our own strategic interest but literally to help these other people it literally to help these other people it literally to help these other people it was almost a Mission of Mercy now as was almost a Mission of Mercy now as was almost a Mission of Mercy now as everyone knows once you get onto the everyone knows once you get onto the everyone knows once you get onto the battlefield and see what's going battlefield and see what's going battlefield and see what's going on ideas like Mission of Mercy sound on ideas like Mission of Mercy sound on ideas like Mission of Mercy sound very different but what motivates a very different but what motivates a very different but what motivates a person to want to go do these things are person to want to go do these things are person to want to go do these things are sometimes the most idealistic and sometimes the most idealistic and sometimes the most idealistic and high-minded reasons so there's a real high-minded reasons so there's a real high-minded reasons so there's a real irony there when the Japanese Army will irony there when the Japanese Army will irony there when the Japanese Army will go Act the way that they act in all go Act the way that they act in all go Act the way that they act in all these other countries that so many of these other countries that so many of these other countries that so many of them felt so idealistically connected to them felt so idealistically connected to them felt so idealistically connected to you know when their professors whipped you know when their professors whipped you know when their professors whipped them up into the idea of a crusade to them up into the idea of a crusade to them up into the idea of a crusade to help the other yellow peoples you know help the other yellow peoples you know help the other yellow peoples you know the term of the time right the yellow

the term of the time right the yellow the term of the time right the yellow races the white races the white races the white races now let me pause for a second races now let me pause for a second races now let me pause for a second because it may seem as though we're because it may seem as though we're because it may seem as though we're artificially injecting some of the artificially injecting some of the artificially injecting some of the modern racial discussion into these modern racial discussion into these modern racial discussion into these events from the past and other words events from the past and other words events from the past and other words viewing it through that lens but nothing viewing it through that lens but nothing viewing it through that lens but nothing could be further from the could be further from the could be further from the truth many of you have read the primary truth many of you have read the primary truth many of you have read the primary sources you know what I'm talking about sources you know what I'm talking about sources you know what I'm talking about this is a major component of the whole this is a major component of the whole this is a major component of the whole thing I mean the racial aspect forget thing I mean the racial aspect forget thing I mean the racial aspect forget about the Pacific and the white man and about the Pacific and the white man and about the Pacific and the white man and the yellow man and we're going to use the yellow man and we're going to use the yellow man and we're going to use those terms because that's the those terms because that's the those terms because that's the terminology of the time but forget about terminology of the time but forget about terminology of the time but forget about all of that for a minute and just all of that for a minute and just all of that for a minute and just remember what's going on in Europe where remember what's going on in Europe where remember what's going on in Europe where we have the concept of the master race we have the concept of the master race we have the concept of the master race and slave races like Slavs and un and slave races like Slavs and un and slave races like Slavs and un mention who are to be wiped out in camps mention who are to be wiped out in camps mention who are to be wiped out in camps I mean so this whole question of I mean so this whole question of I mean so this whole question of ethnicity and race and Superior and ethnicity and race and Superior and ethnicity and race and Superior and inferior beings this was already going inferior beings this was already going inferior beings this was already going on in the second world war before this on in the second world war before this on in the second world war before this whole part of the world was officially whole part of the world was officially whole part of the world was officially part of the second world part of the second world part of the second world war and the question of colonialism was war and the question of colonialism was war and the question of colonialism was longstanding obviously and it puts the longstanding obviously and it puts the longstanding obviously and it puts the United States just for those of you who United States just for those of you who United States just for those of you who maybe don't remember in a very strange maybe don't remember in a very strange maybe don't remember in a very strange position in this whole affair because position in this whole affair because position in this whole affair because unlike Britain France the Netherlands unlike Britain France the Netherlands unlike Britain France the Netherlands and these other countries that have been and these other countries that have been and these other countries that have been in the colonial game for a long time the in the colonial game for a long time the in the colonial game for a long time the United States is officially an United States is officially an United States is officially an anti-colonial country flirted with it anti-colonial country flirted with it anti-colonial country flirted with it during the Spanish American war but even during the Spanish American war but even during the Spanish American war but even when they have a pseudo Colonial when they have a pseudo Colonial when they have a pseudo Colonial relationship in a place like the relationship in a place like the relationship in a place like the Philippines we don't treat it the same

Philippines we don't treat it the same Philippines we don't treat it the same way because we have a self-image that way because we have a self-image that way because we have a self-image that says we're not a colonial says we're not a colonial says we're not a colonial people and the Japanese by the way people and the Japanese by the way people and the Japanese by the way bought into some of that marketing too bought into some of that marketing too bought into some of that marketing too and um you know sometimes the most and um you know sometimes the most and um you know sometimes the most interesting stuff you'll read about the interesting stuff you'll read about the interesting stuff you'll read about the Second World War comes from authors and Second World War comes from authors and Second World War comes from authors and uh Len Dayton who wrote an interesting uh Len Dayton who wrote an interesting uh Len Dayton who wrote an interesting book on the whole War asked a question book on the whole War asked a question book on the whole War asked a question that I've seen before but you don't even that I've seen before but you don't even that I've seen before but you don't even think about it very much and that's why' think about it very much and that's why' think about it very much and that's why' the Japanese have to involve the the Japanese have to involve the the Japanese have to involve the Americans in this at all they could have Americans in this at all they could have Americans in this at all they could have been fighting an anti-colonial war been fighting an anti-colonial war been fighting an anti-colonial war against the colonial powers in Asia left against the colonial powers in Asia left against the colonial powers in Asia left the United States out of it might have the United States out of it might have the United States out of it might have saved themselves a loss in a war well saved themselves a loss in a war well saved themselves a loss in a war well there's a lot of reasons including the there's a lot of reasons including the there's a lot of reasons including the Philippines and whatnot and and a Philippines and whatnot and and a Philippines and whatnot and and a growing antipathy in the United States growing antipathy in the United States growing antipathy in the United States it was a public opinion poll he quotes it was a public opinion poll he quotes it was a public opinion poll he quotes Taken 2 days before Pearl Harbor that Taken 2 days before Pearl Harbor that Taken 2 days before Pearl Harbor that said almost 70% of Americans wanted some said almost 70% of Americans wanted some said almost 70% of Americans wanted some sort of controls put on Japan's sort of controls put on Japan's sort of controls put on Japan's expansion and the US always had a soft expansion and the US always had a soft expansion and the US always had a soft spot in its heart for China which was spot in its heart for China which was spot in its heart for China which was being basically raped by the Japanese so being basically raped by the Japanese so being basically raped by the Japanese so things were edging towards this point things were edging towards this point things were edging towards this point anyway but this is more than a racial anyway but this is more than a racial anyway but this is more than a racial war on very simplistic you know yellow war on very simplistic you know yellow war on very simplistic you know yellow and white questions because the Japanese and white questions because the Japanese and white questions because the Japanese themselves are involved in this let's themselves are involved in this let's themselves are involved in this let's call it trend of this era of Superior call it trend of this era of Superior call it trend of this era of Superior and inferior beings Dr Seuss's and inferior beings Dr Seuss's and inferior beings Dr Seuss's star-bellied star-bellied star-bellied snitches the Japanese do not see snitches the Japanese do not see snitches the Japanese do not see themselves as the equals of all these themselves as the equals of all these themselves as the equals of all these yellow peoples in Asia that they are yellow peoples in Asia that they are yellow peoples in Asia that they are freeing using my fingers as air quotes

freeing using my fingers as air quotes freeing using my fingers as air quotes from their European Colonial Masters from their European Colonial Masters from their European Colonial Masters they don't see themselves as the equals they don't see themselves as the equals they don't see themselves as the equals of the of the of the Koreans or the Koreans or the Koreans or the Chinese or the malaise or the Filipinos they see themselves as Filipinos they see themselves as Superior to them in a racial and ethnic Superior to them in a racial and ethnic Superior to them in a racial and ethnic sense the same way that the Germans see sense the same way that the Germans see sense the same way that the Germans see themselves as superior to the Slavic themselves as superior to the Slavic themselves as superior to the Slavic people now let's put an aster next to people now let's put an aster next to people now let's put an aster next to this whole Affair so that when the time this whole Affair so that when the time this whole Affair so that when the time comes to talk about it continually in comes to talk about it continually in comes to talk about it continually in the future we'll all understand that the future we'll all understand that the future we'll all understand that within all these countries and I always within all these countries and I always within all these countries and I always try to remember this whether we're try to remember this whether we're try to remember this whether we're talking about Nazi Germany or Japan or talking about Nazi Germany or Japan or talking about Nazi Germany or Japan or the Soviet Union or well any country you the Soviet Union or well any country you the Soviet Union or well any country you can think of there are people that do can think of there are people that do can think of there are people that do not match the tenor of the times that do not match the tenor of the times that do not match the tenor of the times that do not match the attitudes of the country not match the attitudes of the country not match the attitudes of the country and the government you know anti-nazi and the government you know anti-nazi and the government you know anti-nazi Germans in Germany who have to have Germans in Germany who have to have Germans in Germany who have to have their house bombed during the bombing their house bombed during the bombing their house bombed during the bombing raids just like the Nazi next door who raids just like the Nazi next door who raids just like the Nazi next door who supported the government every step of supported the government every step of supported the government every step of the way right there are Japanese the way right there are Japanese the way right there are Japanese humanitarians who hate what's going on humanitarians who hate what's going on humanitarians who hate what's going on here every step of the way and who would here every step of the way and who would here every step of the way and who would never behave like this and of course who never behave like this and of course who never behave like this and of course who because we're all caught up in the gears because we're all caught up in the gears because we're all caught up in the gears of history and subject to the the of history and subject to the the of history and subject to the the randomness or the cosmic decision randomness or the cosmic decision randomness or the cosmic decision however you want to phrase it or put it however you want to phrase it or put it however you want to phrase it or put it of being born when we're born and where of being born when we're born and where of being born when we're born and where we're born we sometimes avoid such we're born we sometimes avoid such we're born we sometimes avoid such terrible dilemmas but so let's terrible dilemmas but so let's terrible dilemmas but so let's understand when I talk about how Germany understand when I talk about how Germany understand when I talk about how Germany is or how Japan is that may be a is or how Japan is that may be a is or how Japan is that may be a national sort of stance the master race national sort of stance the master race national sort of stance the master race idea in Germany but it doesn't mean that

idea in Germany but it doesn't mean that idea in Germany but it doesn't mean that every German believed in that at all every German believed in that at all every German believed in that at all just like it doesn't believe that every just like it doesn't believe that every just like it doesn't believe that every Japanese person believed in the Japanese person believed in the Japanese person believed in the superiority of the Yamato race and that superiority of the Yamato race and that superiority of the Yamato race and that you know the idea we said from that you know the idea we said from that you know the idea we said from that student I mean it's a spectrum let's student I mean it's a spectrum let's student I mean it's a spectrum let's call it a spectrum thing of how Japan call it a spectrum thing of how Japan call it a spectrum thing of how Japan felt about the rest of Asia on one end felt about the rest of Asia on one end felt about the rest of Asia on one end of the spectrum is that student that we of the spectrum is that student that we of the spectrum is that student that we just quoted that makes the peoples of just quoted that makes the peoples of just quoted that makes the peoples of Asia like the Chinese people sound like Asia like the Chinese people sound like Asia like the Chinese people sound like Native Americans or aboriginals in Native Americans or aboriginals in Native Americans or aboriginals in Australia just you know sort of a Australia just you know sort of a Australia just you know sort of a backwards primitive people all they need backwards primitive people all they need backwards primitive people all they need is some you know they would have said in is some you know they would have said in is some you know they would have said in the old west some christianizing we'll the old west some christianizing we'll the old west some christianizing we'll send into some Indian schools we'll send into some Indian schools we'll send into some Indian schools we'll bathe we'll dress them up right we'll bathe we'll dress them up right we'll bathe we'll dress them up right we'll you know get rid of all that mumbo jumbo you know get rid of all that mumbo jumbo you know get rid of all that mumbo jumbo they grew up with and in a generational they grew up with and in a generational they grew up with and in a generational true you'll have you know good old true you'll have you know good old true you'll have you know good old Americans that blend right in the Americans that blend right in the Americans that blend right in the Japanese were that student was feeling Japanese were that student was feeling Japanese were that student was feeling similarly about the Chinese they just similarly about the Chinese they just similarly about the Chinese they just need leadership help technology uh some need leadership help technology uh some need leadership help technology uh some of our values and ethics we'll shape of our values and ethics we'll shape of our values and ethics we'll shape them right up right we'll help those them right up right we'll help those them right up right we'll help those people that's one end of the spectrum people that's one end of the spectrum people that's one end of the spectrum that's the one that wants to go help that's the one that wants to go help that's the one that wants to go help right they're still inferior they can be right they're still inferior they can be right they're still inferior they can be fixed this is a Japanese version of the fixed this is a Japanese version of the fixed this is a Japanese version of the Peace Corp my goodness then you got all Peace Corp my goodness then you got all Peace Corp my goodness then you got all the way over to the opposite end of the the way over to the opposite end of the the way over to the opposite end of the spectrum where you will find these spectrum where you will find these spectrum where you will find these Japanese thinkers who remind you of like Japanese thinkers who remind you of like Japanese thinkers who remind you of like Nazi scientists who have a racial view Nazi scientists who have a racial view Nazi scientists who have a racial view of people like the Chinese as of people like the Chinese as of people like the Chinese as subhuman genetically inferior to be subhuman genetically inferior to be subhuman genetically inferior to be sterilized at least wiped out maybe I sterilized at least wiped out maybe I sterilized at least wiped out maybe I mean they're the kind of people that we mean they're the kind of people that we mean they're the kind of people that we might as well just try some

might as well just try some might as well just try some experimentation like infecting a bunch experimentation like infecting a bunch experimentation like infecting a bunch of fleas with the Bubonic plague and of fleas with the Bubonic plague and of fleas with the Bubonic plague and dropping them over their cities and see dropping them over their cities and see dropping them over their cities and see what happens which by the way they did what happens which by the way they did what happens which by the way they did so it runs the gamut right but it's the so it runs the gamut right but it's the so it runs the gamut right but it's the same idea the Japanese are fighting same idea the Japanese are fighting same idea the Japanese are fighting their own race war on two fronts one is their own race war on two fronts one is their own race war on two fronts one is against these you know white folks who against these you know white folks who against these you know white folks who think they're so Superior and have taken think they're so Superior and have taken think they're so Superior and have taken over almost all of Asia the other is over almost all of Asia the other is over almost all of Asia the other is against all these Asians who aren't good against all these Asians who aren't good against all these Asians who aren't good enough to be Japanese people but would enough to be Japanese people but would enough to be Japanese people but would be better off you know with us running be better off you know with us running be better off you know with us running an Empire I mean from the standpoint of an Empire I mean from the standpoint of an Empire I mean from the standpoint of a lot of these Colonial peoples they are a lot of these Colonial peoples they are a lot of these Colonial peoples they are being thrown out of the frying pan and being thrown out of the frying pan and being thrown out of the frying pan and into the into the into the fire the transition moment from frying fire the transition moment from frying fire the transition moment from frying pan to fire for a lot of these people pan to fire for a lot of these people pan to fire for a lot of these people will be at about the same time that the will be at about the same time that the will be at about the same time that the bombs are actually dropping on Pearl bombs are actually dropping on Pearl bombs are actually dropping on Pearl Harbor it's easy for Americans myself Harbor it's easy for Americans myself Harbor it's easy for Americans myself included to get so focused on what's included to get so focused on what's included to get so focused on what's going on in Hawaii and the surprise going on in Hawaii and the surprise going on in Hawaii and the surprise attack that was so shocking that we attack that was so shocking that we attack that was so shocking that we missed the many other aspects of this missed the many other aspects of this missed the many other aspects of this Japanese Blitz C Japanese Blitz C Japanese Blitz C occurring in many cases simultaneously occurring in many cases simultaneously occurring in many cases simultaneously and completely coordinated around Asia and completely coordinated around Asia and completely coordinated around Asia and the Pacific for the first 48 to 72 and the Pacific for the first 48 to 72 and the Pacific for the first 48 to 72 hours of this affair I mean at the hours of this affair I mean at the hours of this affair I mean at the moment the bombs are falling on Pearl moment the bombs are falling on Pearl moment the bombs are falling on Pearl Harbor there are Japanese bombers in the Harbor there are Japanese bombers in the Harbor there are Japanese bombers in the air and route to Wake Island to bomb air and route to Wake Island to bomb air and route to Wake Island to bomb there a couple hours before Pearl Harbor there a couple hours before Pearl Harbor there a couple hours before Pearl Harbor there are Landings of Japanese troops in

there are Landings of Japanese troops in there are Landings of Japanese troops in Northern Malaya they will bomb the Northern Malaya they will bomb the Northern Malaya they will bomb the Philippines they will bomb Guam they Philippines they will bomb Guam they Philippines they will bomb Guam they will bomb wake they will bomb Midway will bomb wake they will bomb Midway will bomb wake they will bomb Midway Hong Kong all in the first few hours Hong Kong all in the first few hours Hong Kong all in the first few hours they will bomb Singapore and kill 61 they will bomb Singapore and kill 61 they will bomb Singapore and kill 61 people before Singapore even knows people before Singapore even knows people before Singapore even knows they're at they're at they're at War this is astounding and the the scope War this is astounding and the the scope War this is astounding and the the scope of Japanese operations is of Japanese operations is of Japanese operations is breathtaking let's remind ourselves the breathtaking let's remind ourselves the breathtaking let's remind ourselves the hutzpah involved here though I mean you hutzpah involved here though I mean you hutzpah involved here though I mean you could easily describe the could easily describe the could easily describe the Japanese right at the time of Pearl Japanese right at the time of Pearl Japanese right at the time of Pearl Harbor remember bogg down in China for Harbor remember bogg down in China for Harbor remember bogg down in China for years now a country the size years now a country the size years now a country the size geographically about of the United geographically about of the United geographically about of the United States they are trying to eat an States they are trying to eat an States they are trying to eat an elephant figuratively speaking and elephant figuratively speaking and elephant figuratively speaking and they're choking on it and on December they're choking on it and on December they're choking on it and on December 7th 1941 they decide to order a couple 7th 1941 they decide to order a couple 7th 1941 they decide to order a couple more elephants because that's what more elephants because that's what more elephants because that's what they're doing they're doing they're doing here if this were a movie and you are here if this were a movie and you are here if this were a movie and you are the person who's writing it you love the person who's writing it you love the person who's writing it you love this idea because what I mean this is this idea because what I mean this is this idea because what I mean this is swinging for the fences right but as we swinging for the fences right but as we swinging for the fences right but as we said earlier the chances of success are said earlier the chances of success are said earlier the chances of success are so small and yet the Japanese are trying so small and yet the Japanese are trying so small and yet the Japanese are trying to maximize those chances there are a to maximize those chances there are a to maximize those chances there are a bunch of things they're going to do at bunch of things they're going to do at bunch of things they're going to do at every level to try to compensate at for every level to try to compensate at for every level to try to compensate at for their their their deficiencies at the Grand strategy level deficiencies at the Grand strategy level deficiencies at the Grand strategy level what we're talking about here when you what we're talking about here when you what we're talking about here when you go attack all these countries that are go attack all these countries that are go attack all these countries that are so much bigger and have more industrial so much bigger and have more industrial so much bigger and have more industrial might and more manpower than you what do might and more manpower than you what do might and more manpower than you what do you do well you use things like speed you do well you use things like speed you do well you use things like speed and and and audacity to disorient your opponent give audacity to disorient your opponent give audacity to disorient your opponent give you an early Edge take advant I mean you an early Edge take advant I mean you an early Edge take advant I mean think about it like a pro wrestling think about it like a pro wrestling think about it like a pro wrestling match and there's always those matches match and there's always those matches match and there's always those matches where the champion turns around the good

where the champion turns around the good where the champion turns around the good guy and he starts to take off his robe guy and he starts to take off his robe guy and he starts to take off his robe and he's not looking and the little guy and he's not looking and the little guy and he's not looking and the little guy from behind when no one is looking hits from behind when no one is looking hits from behind when no one is looking hits him you know in the back of the head and him you know in the back of the head and him you know in the back of the head and then for the first five minutes kicks then for the first five minutes kicks then for the first five minutes kicks him around and tries to take advantage him around and tries to take advantage him around and tries to take advantage of making him groggy before the big guy of making him groggy before the big guy of making him groggy before the big guy comes to that's kind of what the plan is comes to that's kind of what the plan is comes to that's kind of what the plan is here surprise and audacity will confuse here surprise and audacity will confuse here surprise and audacity will confuse and disorient an opponent at least for a and disorient an opponent at least for a and disorient an opponent at least for a while I mean think about the Americans while I mean think about the Americans while I mean think about the Americans who wake up the next morning after Pearl who wake up the next morning after Pearl who wake up the next morning after Pearl Harbor open up their newspaper to find Harbor open up their newspaper to find Harbor open up their newspaper to find out that they're at War and in the very out that they're at War and in the very out that they're at War and in the very same newspaper they find out that their same newspaper they find out that their same newspaper they find out that their Pacific Fleet has already been Pacific Fleet has already been Pacific Fleet has already been eliminated for the most part eliminated for the most part eliminated for the most part that will compensate for some that will compensate for some that will compensate for some deficiencies won't it and it's not the deficiencies won't it and it's not the deficiencies won't it and it's not the only thing the Japanese are doing only thing the Japanese are doing only thing the Japanese are doing because when the bombs are falling on because when the bombs are falling on because when the bombs are falling on Pearl Harbor as we said the Japanese are Pearl Harbor as we said the Japanese are Pearl Harbor as we said the Japanese are attacking locations all over Asia and attacking locations all over Asia and attacking locations all over Asia and the Pacific if not simultaneously than the Pacific if not simultaneously than the Pacific if not simultaneously than near near near simultaneously they have advantages in simultaneously they have advantages in simultaneously they have advantages in addition to surprise although as we said addition to surprise although as we said addition to surprise although as we said I mean the the idea that the Japanese I mean the the idea that the Japanese I mean the the idea that the Japanese were going to attack was not a complete were going to attack was not a complete were going to attack was not a complete surprise because people had seen troop surprise because people had seen troop surprise because people had seen troop ships and whatnot but their ability to ships and whatnot but their ability to ships and whatnot but their ability to do this and carry it out effectively and do this and carry it out effectively and do this and carry it out effectively and the speed at which they were doing it the speed at which they were doing it the speed at which they were doing it and most importantly if you read the and most importantly if you read the and most importantly if you read the primary sources the aircraft and the air primary sources the aircraft and the air primary sources the aircraft and the air power I mean the Japanese really power I mean the Japanese really power I mean the Japanese really established almost Air Supremacy quickly established almost Air Supremacy quickly established almost Air Supremacy quickly and this was unexpected there were a and this was unexpected there were a and this was unexpected there were a bunch of unexpected things by the way bunch of unexpected things by the way bunch of unexpected things by the way you open up Winston Churchill's history you open up Winston Churchill's history you open up Winston Churchill's history of the Second World War which is of of the Second World War which is of of the Second World War which is of course more like a personal Memoir but

course more like a personal Memoir but course more like a personal Memoir but it's I was starting to count how many it's I was starting to count how many it's I was starting to count how many times he talked about the Japanese and times he talked about the Japanese and times he talked about the Japanese and say that we underestimated them he say that we underestimated them he say that we underestimated them he always threw in the Americans too to always threw in the Americans too to always threw in the Americans too to diffuse the blame a little bit the the diffuse the blame a little bit the the diffuse the blame a little bit the the uh British and Americans underestimated uh British and Americans underestimated uh British and Americans underestimated the Japanese the Japanese the Japanese capabilities we can tie this back sort capabilities we can tie this back sort capabilities we can tie this back sort of though into the racism thing to too of though into the racism thing to too of though into the racism thing to too and there's there's so many sources that and there's there's so many sources that and there's there's so many sources that point out that a lot of these I mean the point out that a lot of these I mean the point out that a lot of these I mean the British are are famous for it in this British are are famous for it in this British are are famous for it in this particular case but it affected everyone particular case but it affected everyone particular case but it affected everyone where they just didn't see the Japanese where they just didn't see the Japanese where they just didn't see the Japanese as a capable of opponent and because of as a capable of opponent and because of as a capable of opponent and because of that underestimated them and because of that underestimated them and because of that underestimated them and because of that are now paying the price I mean that are now paying the price I mean that are now paying the price I mean take for example I always use this take for example I always use this take for example I always use this example cuz cuz it's I think it example cuz cuz it's I think it example cuz cuz it's I think it highlights the whole thing but there is highlights the whole thing but there is highlights the whole thing but there is a plane that will be uh the one of the a plane that will be uh the one of the a plane that will be uh the one of the big fighter planes in the in the big fighter planes in the in the big fighter planes in the in the earliest part of this conflict on the earliest part of this conflict on the earliest part of this conflict on the American side and the Americans gave it American side and the Americans gave it American side and the Americans gave it to the British and some other flyers to the British and some other flyers to the British and some other flyers it's called the Brewster Buffalo it's a it's called the Brewster Buffalo it's a it's called the Brewster Buffalo it's a bad plane it's a bad fighter plane the bad plane it's a bad fighter plane the bad plane it's a bad fighter plane the only reason that the Brewster Buffalo is only reason that the Brewster Buffalo is only reason that the Brewster Buffalo is here in the Pacific is because it's here in the Pacific is because it's here in the Pacific is because it's assumed to be good enough in the Pacific assumed to be good enough in the Pacific assumed to be good enough in the Pacific people like the Americans and the people like the Americans and the people like the Americans and the British are going to be shocked when British are going to be shocked when British are going to be shocked when they run into uh the Japanese fighter they run into uh the Japanese fighter they run into uh the Japanese fighter planes and how good they are I mean the planes and how good they are I mean the planes and how good they are I mean the famous zero for example and this goes famous zero for example and this goes famous zero for example and this goes back to underestimating the Japanese as back to underestimating the Japanese as back to underestimating the Japanese as a people because the stereotype of them a people because the stereotype of them a people because the stereotype of them before the second world war when it came before the second world war when it came before the second world war when it came to things like Innovation and design and to things like Innovation and design and to things like Innovation and design and building was that they were kind of a building was that they were kind of a building was that they were kind of a copycat people that they could build a copycat people that they could build a copycat people that they could build a good replica of some other person's

good replica of some other person's good replica of some other person's design but they weren't capable of design but they weren't capable of design but they weren't capable of coming up with their own Advanced coming up with their own Advanced coming up with their own Advanced designs themselves which is why when designs themselves which is why when designs themselves which is why when they run into these fighter planes and they run into these fighter planes and they run into these fighter planes and they are better than anything the Allied they are better than anything the Allied they are better than anything the Allied Powers have in the theater it's a shock Powers have in the theater it's a shock Powers have in the theater it's a shock and it will be just the first of and it will be just the first of and it will be just the first of many to get an idea of how the racism many to get an idea of how the racism many to get an idea of how the racism allows the Japanese to be underestimated allows the Japanese to be underestimated allows the Japanese to be underestimated Arthur Len Dayton quotes uh a number of Arthur Len Dayton quotes uh a number of Arthur Len Dayton quotes uh a number of people to show this sort of sniffy people to show this sort of sniffy people to show this sort of sniffy superior attitude that uh some Colonial superior attitude that uh some Colonial superior attitude that uh some Colonial British had concerning the locals uh and British had concerning the locals uh and British had concerning the locals uh and he quotes for example he quotes for example he quotes for example air Chief Marshal Sir Robert Brook poam air Chief Marshal Sir Robert Brook poam air Chief Marshal Sir Robert Brook poam who commanded that whole region and had who commanded that whole region and had who commanded that whole region and had seen Japanese soldiers close up uh in seen Japanese soldiers close up uh in seen Japanese soldiers close up uh in December 1940 and Dayton says that he December 1940 and Dayton says that he December 1940 and Dayton says that he didn't think much of them and now didn't think much of them and now didn't think much of them and now quoting the air Chief Marshall quote I quoting the air Chief Marshall quote I quoting the air Chief Marshall quote I had a good closeup across the barbed had a good closeup across the barbed had a good closeup across the barbed wire of various subhuman specimens wire of various subhuman specimens wire of various subhuman specimens dressed in dirty gray uniform which I dressed in dirty gray uniform which I dressed in dirty gray uniform which I was informed were Japanese was informed were Japanese was informed were Japanese soldiers end quote Dayton says he told soldiers end quote Dayton says he told soldiers end quote Dayton says he told his Masters in London and then then his Masters in London and then then his Masters in London and then then added I cannot believe they would form added I cannot believe they would form added I cannot believe they would form an intelligent fighting force end quote an intelligent fighting force end quote an intelligent fighting force end quote Dayton continues quote such low opinions Dayton continues quote such low opinions Dayton continues quote such low opinions of the Japanese were prevalent in the of the Japanese were prevalent in the of the Japanese were prevalent in the British Far Eastern forces more British Far Eastern forces more British Far Eastern forces more realistic estimations were not welcomed realistic estimations were not welcomed realistic estimations were not welcomed in April 1941 the British military in April 1941 the British military in April 1941 the British military atache in Tokyo told officers of the atache in Tokyo told officers of the atache in Tokyo told officers of the Singapore Garrison that he regarded the Singapore Garrison that he regarded the Singapore Garrison that he regarded the Japanese Army as a first class fighting

Japanese Army as a first class fighting Japanese Army as a first class fighting force well Tred well officered and Poss force well Tred well officered and Poss force well Tred well officered and Poss possessing highest pricor as the talk possessing highest pricor as the talk possessing highest pricor as the talk ended Lieutenant General Lionel Bond ended Lieutenant General Lionel Bond ended Lieutenant General Lionel Bond Head of Malaya command Rose to declare Head of Malaya command Rose to declare Head of Malaya command Rose to declare that such talk was quote far from the that such talk was quote far from the that such talk was quote far from the truth he added you can take it from me truth he added you can take it from me truth he added you can take it from me that we have nothing to fear from them that we have nothing to fear from them that we have nothing to fear from them end quote when the British general woke end quote when the British general woke end quote when the British general woke up the governor of Singapore to tell him up the governor of Singapore to tell him up the governor of Singapore to tell him that the Japanese were Landing north of that the Japanese were Landing north of that the Japanese were Landing north of them in them in them in Malaya uh the governor and this Malaya uh the governor and this Malaya uh the governor and this according to Dayton also was recorded is according to Dayton also was recorded is according to Dayton also was recorded is saying quote well I suppose you'll shove saying quote well I suppose you'll shove saying quote well I suppose you'll shove the little men off end quote so see the little men off end quote so see the little men off end quote so see we're not bringing up this racism stuff we're not bringing up this racism stuff we're not bringing up this racism stuff to make some sort of racism point we're to make some sort of racism point we're to make some sort of racism point we're pointing out that it helps explain how pointing out that it helps explain how pointing out that it helps explain how the Japanese were so fatally the Japanese were so fatally the Japanese were so fatally underestimated I mean if you watch how underestimated I mean if you watch how underestimated I mean if you watch how they dominate the skies in this region they dominate the skies in this region they dominate the skies in this region and that how that allows them to do and that how that allows them to do and that how that allows them to do everything else you sit there and wonder everything else you sit there and wonder everything else you sit there and wonder where are all the Great Planes from where are all the Great Planes from where are all the Great Planes from earlier in this war where are the earlier in this war where are the earlier in this war where are the Spitfires and all these planes that you Spitfires and all these planes that you Spitfires and all these planes that you just know are Cutting Edge they're not just know are Cutting Edge they're not just know are Cutting Edge they're not really in this theater in any sort of really in this theater in any sort of really in this theater in any sort of real numbers you know why because real numbers you know why because real numbers you know why because they're in all the other theaters I mean they're in all the other theaters I mean they're in all the other theaters I mean the British are fighting recently in the British are fighting recently in the British are fighting recently in Greece they life or death in North Greece they life or death in North Greece they life or death in North Africa they're sending planes to their Africa they're sending planes to their Africa they're sending planes to their Russian Ally to keep them fighting this Russian Ally to keep them fighting this Russian Ally to keep them fighting this is well first of all five minutes ago a is well first of all five minutes ago a is well first of all five minutes ago a peaceful theater second you can't really peaceful theater second you can't really peaceful theater second you can't really spare planes you don't have and the spare planes you don't have and the spare planes you don't have and the Americans are still working on Americans are still working on Americans are still working on developing Fighters that can compete

developing Fighters that can compete developing Fighters that can compete with the Japanese Fighters the thing is with the Japanese Fighters the thing is with the Japanese Fighters the thing is though that 5 minutes ago they didn't though that 5 minutes ago they didn't though that 5 minutes ago they didn't know they had that problem 5 minutes know they had that problem 5 minutes know they had that problem 5 minutes after the war starts they're running after the war starts they're running after the war starts they're running into these zeros everywhere and another into these zeros everywhere and another into these zeros everywhere and another thing that the primary sources uh stress thing that the primary sources uh stress thing that the primary sources uh stress a heck of a lot more than the more a heck of a lot more than the more a heck of a lot more than the more modern stuff because you know they were modern stuff because you know they were modern stuff because you know they were there is how disruptive it was to have there is how disruptive it was to have there is how disruptive it was to have aircraft like fighter aircraft just come aircraft like fighter aircraft just come aircraft like fighter aircraft just come over you and strafe stuff with their over you and strafe stuff with their over you and strafe stuff with their machine guns and machine guns and machine guns and Cannon and it's funny because you know Cannon and it's funny because you know Cannon and it's funny because you know theoretically you don't have to be uh theoretically you don't have to be uh theoretically you don't have to be uh too mentally inventive to see how too mentally inventive to see how too mentally inventive to see how devastating that would be if I took a devastating that would be if I took a devastating that would be if I took a machine gun in my hand and shot it at a machine gun in my hand and shot it at a machine gun in my hand and shot it at a bunch of stuff it's going to do great bunch of stuff it's going to do great bunch of stuff it's going to do great damage what if you have three or four of damage what if you have three or four of damage what if you have three or four of them and maybe a 20 mm Cannon or 2 two them and maybe a 20 mm Cannon or 2 two them and maybe a 20 mm Cannon or 2 two and you're shooting from above usually and you're shooting from above usually and you're shooting from above usually things are least defensible you know things are least defensible you know things are least defensible you know from the air um well that would be from the air um well that would be from the air um well that would be disruptive as heck but you don't see a disruptive as heck but you don't see a disruptive as heck but you don't see a ton of that in the modern sources ton of that in the modern sources ton of that in the modern sources because they're focusing on the fact because they're focusing on the fact because they're focusing on the fact that these people are also dropping big that these people are also dropping big that these people are also dropping big bombs at the same time I was reading an bombs at the same time I was reading an bombs at the same time I was reading an Australian um journalist more on him Australian um journalist more on him Australian um journalist more on him later who was continually talking about later who was continually talking about later who was continually talking about how disruptive it was just to have a how disruptive it was just to have a how disruptive it was just to have a couple of planes come over every few couple of planes come over every few couple of planes come over every few hours and shoot up everything I mean all hours and shoot up everything I mean all hours and shoot up everything I mean all you have to do is injure and kill a few you have to do is injure and kill a few you have to do is injure and kill a few people and it's chaos for a while and if people and it's chaos for a while and if people and it's chaos for a while and if before you solve that chaos the planes before you solve that chaos the planes before you solve that chaos the planes come back and do it again that's what come back and do it again that's what come back and do it again that's what the first 48 72 hours this look like I the first 48 72 hours this look like I the first 48 72 hours this look like I mean the Japanese are seemingly mean the Japanese are seemingly mean the Japanese are seemingly everywhere and it's air power that everywhere and it's air power that everywhere and it's air power that allows them to be we should point out by allows them to be we should point out by allows them to be we should point out by the way that everywhere in this the way that everywhere in this the way that everywhere in this particular case is a distance that is

particular case is a distance that is particular case is a distance that is hard to get your mind around I believe hard to get your mind around I believe hard to get your mind around I believe we said in the last segment this is the we said in the last segment this is the we said in the last segment this is the largest Battlefield in human history and largest Battlefield in human history and largest Battlefield in human history and it's not even really it's not even really it's not even really close if you look at where operations in close if you look at where operations in close if you look at where operations in the first six months of this war will the first six months of this war will the first six months of this war will take place I mean we just mentioned take place I mean we just mentioned take place I mean we just mentioned didn't we operations as close to us didn't we operations as close to us didn't we operations as close to us shores as shores as shores as Hawaii well the Japanese will attack Hawaii well the Japanese will attack Hawaii well the Japanese will attack into the center of the Indian Ocean in into the center of the Indian Ocean in into the center of the Indian Ocean in the near future look at how far apart the near future look at how far apart the near future look at how far apart those are they'll be attack attacking those are they'll be attack attacking those are they'll be attack attacking islands off Alaska and they'll be in islands off Alaska and they'll be in islands off Alaska and they'll be in operations down by places like operations down by places like operations down by places like Fiji for comparison purposes the Fiji for comparison purposes the Fiji for comparison purposes the distance between Los Angeles and New distance between Los Angeles and New distance between Los Angeles and New York is about 2700 or 2800 miles this York is about 2700 or 2800 miles this York is about 2700 or 2800 miles this battlefield is more like 6,000 miles by battlefield is more like 6,000 miles by battlefield is more like 6,000 miles by 4500 miles I read that somewhere but 4500 miles I read that somewhere but 4500 miles I read that somewhere but it's close to that I mean it's the it's close to that I mean it's the it's close to that I mean it's the distances are distances are distances are crazy and when you look at what a crazy and when you look at what a crazy and when you look at what a country that has more industrial country that has more industrial country that has more industrial strength than Japan has and the kind of strength than Japan has and the kind of strength than Japan has and the kind of problems that they having trying to take problems that they having trying to take problems that they having trying to take over and digest the Soviet Union and of over and digest the Soviet Union and of over and digest the Soviet Union and of course I'm talking about the Vermont and course I'm talking about the Vermont and course I'm talking about the Vermont and Friends December 7th December 8th 1941 Friends December 7th December 8th 1941 Friends December 7th December 8th 1941 they're involved in maybe the most they're involved in maybe the most they're involved in maybe the most crucial operations of the war outside of crucial operations of the war outside of crucial operations of the war outside of Moscow a decent number of historians Moscow a decent number of historians Moscow a decent number of historians would tell you that they feel that the would tell you that they feel that the would tell you that they feel that the war is decided there and the Germans war is decided there and the Germans war is decided there and the Germans those of you who know this story know it those of you who know this story know it those of you who know this story know it well are dealing with headaches upon well are dealing with headaches upon well are dealing with headaches upon headaches over their logistical supply headaches over their logistical supply headaches over their logistical supply lines being stretched so far and lines being stretched so far and lines being stretched so far and remember they've got railroads to help

remember they've got railroads to help remember they've got railroads to help and it's still and it's still and it's still nightmarish and those distances that nightmarish and those distances that nightmarish and those distances that they're dealing with are nothing they're dealing with are nothing they're dealing with are nothing compared to the kind of distances that compared to the kind of distances that compared to the kind of distances that the Japanese are going to be dealing the Japanese are going to be dealing the Japanese are going to be dealing with once they unleash once they go with once they unleash once they go with once they unleash once they go supernova right when the Rising Sun of supernova right when the Rising Sun of supernova right when the Rising Sun of Japan explodes to create this defense Japan explodes to create this defense Japan explodes to create this defense perimeter that includes all of the perimeter that includes all of the perimeter that includes all of the resources they need to be resources they need to be resources they need to be self-sufficient take a look at the self-sufficient take a look at the self-sufficient take a look at the geography too because it will be a geography too because it will be a geography too because it will be a crucial element in the story first of crucial element in the story first of crucial element in the story first of all we said before and I still find it all we said before and I still find it all we said before and I still find it fascinating if you're going to deal with fascinating if you're going to deal with fascinating if you're going to deal with the human part of a story like this the the human part of a story like this the the human part of a story like this the environment is going to be key to the environment is going to be key to the environment is going to be key to the experience and the kind of Battlefield experience and the kind of Battlefield experience and the kind of Battlefield that is most that is most that is most hellacious is a personal question it's a hellacious is a personal question it's a hellacious is a personal question it's a different answer personto person it's a different answer personto person it's a different answer personto person it's a eye of the beholder sort of thing what eye of the beholder sort of thing what eye of the beholder sort of thing what bothers you the most may not bother me bothers you the most may not bother me bothers you the most may not bother me the most so we may have different ideas the most so we may have different ideas the most so we may have different ideas of where the most hellish place to fight of where the most hellish place to fight of where the most hellish place to fight for example in the second world war was for example in the second world war was for example in the second world war was I have a friend who can't stand even the I have a friend who can't stand even the I have a friend who can't stand even the slightest bit of cold he's going to have slightest bit of cold he's going to have slightest bit of cold he's going to have thought that something like what the thought that something like what the thought that something like what the Germans are dealing with right about now Germans are dealing with right about now Germans are dealing with right about now outside of Moscow is his worst nightmare outside of Moscow is his worst nightmare outside of Moscow is his worst nightmare you know cold to the nth degree on the you know cold to the nth degree on the you know cold to the nth degree on the other hand you go read some of the other hand you go read some of the other hand you go read some of the accounts of the veterans of the Pacific accounts of the veterans of the Pacific accounts of the veterans of the Pacific War for example and it's a completely War for example and it's a completely War for example and it's a completely different kind of nightmare uh if you're different kind of nightmare uh if you're different kind of nightmare uh if you're bothered by spiders and snakes and bothered by spiders and snakes and bothered by spiders and snakes and centipedes and nighttime ATT I mean it centipedes and nighttime ATT I mean it centipedes and nighttime ATT I mean it everybody's got the things that scare everybody's got the things that scare everybody's got the things that scare them or bother them the most for a lot

them or bother them the most for a lot them or bother them the most for a lot of people the conditions that Allied of people the conditions that Allied of people the conditions that Allied Forces will see in the Pacific and let's Forces will see in the Pacific and let's Forces will see in the Pacific and let's be honest the Japanese didn't like be honest the Japanese didn't like be honest the Japanese didn't like spiders and snakes and centipedes any spiders and snakes and centipedes any spiders and snakes and centipedes any more than the next people either um for more than the next people either um for more than the next people either um for some people the Pacific is the worst of some people the Pacific is the worst of some people the Pacific is the worst of all possible Battlefield all possible Battlefield all possible Battlefield conditions if you look at the way that conditions if you look at the way that conditions if you look at the way that you know like if I put a map in front of you know like if I put a map in front of you know like if I put a map in front of you and said I want you to figure out you and said I want you to figure out you and said I want you to figure out how to strategize you know winning this how to strategize you know winning this how to strategize you know winning this war um take a look at the island problem war um take a look at the island problem war um take a look at the island problem for a second because it seems to me that for a second because it seems to me that for a second because it seems to me that this is the key issue for anyone besides this is the key issue for anyone besides this is the key issue for anyone besides the distances and the fact that you know the distances and the fact that you know the distances and the fact that you know they're covered by water you have to try they're covered by water you have to try they're covered by water you have to try to figure out what to do with the to figure out what to do with the to figure out what to do with the islands because the Pacific has 25,000 islands because the Pacific has 25,000 islands because the Pacific has 25,000 Islands the Philippines alone which is a Islands the Philippines alone which is a Islands the Philippines alone which is a single data point on this battlefield single data point on this battlefield single data point on this battlefield has 7,000 or more actually 7,000 plus has 7,000 or more actually 7,000 plus has 7,000 or more actually 7,000 plus Islands just in the Philippines how do Islands just in the Philippines how do Islands just in the Philippines how do you attack that if you're the Japanese you attack that if you're the Japanese you attack that if you're the Japanese Commander or how do you defend it is an Commander or how do you defend it is an Commander or how do you defend it is an equal valid question it's a very equal valid question it's a very equal valid question it's a very interesting kind of War here's the other interesting kind of War here's the other interesting kind of War here's the other thing to take note of of these 25,000 thing to take note of of these 25,000 thing to take note of of these 25,000 islands in the Pacific a ton of them are islands in the Pacific a ton of them are islands in the Pacific a ton of them are little more than you know spits of sand little more than you know spits of sand little more than you know spits of sand out in the middle of the water away from out in the middle of the water away from out in the middle of the water away from everything or little coral reefs or at everything or little coral reefs or at everything or little coral reefs or at hols the problem is is if they're big hols the problem is is if they're big hols the problem is is if they're big enough for someone to convert into an enough for someone to convert into an enough for someone to convert into an Airfield they're big enough for you to Airfield they're big enough for you to Airfield they're big enough for you to think about taking it to keep the enemy think about taking it to keep the enemy think about taking it to keep the enemy from having one or for you to create an from having one or for you to create an from having one or for you to create an Airfield there yourself the Japanese Airfield there yourself the Japanese Airfield there yourself the Japanese defense perimeter idea here involves defense perimeter idea here involves defense perimeter idea here involves taking a lot of these islands building taking a lot of these islands building taking a lot of these islands building airfields on them if they don't have airfields on them if they don't have airfields on them if they don't have them already and then creating a sort of

them already and then creating a sort of them already and then creating a sort of web of defense that makes counterattacks web of defense that makes counterattacks web of defense that makes counterattacks by the Allies trying to retake their by the Allies trying to retake their by the Allies trying to retake their territory uh brutally territory uh brutally territory uh brutally costly when the second world war breaks costly when the second world war breaks costly when the second world war breaks out the Japanese already have a pretty out the Japanese already have a pretty out the Japanese already have a pretty good start to this island defense good start to this island defense good start to this island defense perimeter they own a lot of these perimeter they own a lot of these perimeter they own a lot of these islands already ironically they took a islands already ironically they took a islands already ironically they took a bunch of them from their now allies the bunch of them from their now allies the bunch of them from their now allies the Germans in the last World Germans in the last World Germans in the last World War but in the early stages of this War but in the early stages of this War but in the early stages of this conflict they'll snap up a bunch more conflict they'll snap up a bunch more conflict they'll snap up a bunch more and they'll quickly be in possession of and they'll quickly be in possession of and they'll quickly be in possession of more than a thousand of them if you are more than a thousand of them if you are more than a thousand of them if you are the Allied the Allied the Allied strategists this is a difficult strategists this is a difficult strategists this is a difficult strategic nut to crack if you think strategic nut to crack if you think strategic nut to crack if you think about it and that's exactly what the about it and that's exactly what the about it and that's exactly what the Japanese are hoping for and while a Japanese are hoping for and while a Japanese are hoping for and while a bunch of these islands fit that bunch of these islands fit that bunch of these islands fit that stereotype that I just sort of laid out stereotype that I just sort of laid out stereotype that I just sort of laid out earlier these coral reefs or atls or earlier these coral reefs or atls or earlier these coral reefs or atls or little spits of sand a lot of these little spits of sand a lot of these little spits of sand a lot of these islands don't fit that stereotype and islands don't fit that stereotype and islands don't fit that stereotype and some of them are very large and indeed some of them are very large and indeed some of them are very large and indeed with dramatically difficult terrain I with dramatically difficult terrain I with dramatically difficult terrain I mean look at places and this is what the mean look at places and this is what the mean look at places and this is what the maps used to call them as I think I said maps used to call them as I think I said maps used to call them as I think I said all these places have different names all these places have different names all these places have different names now which makes it more confusing but I now which makes it more confusing but I now which makes it more confusing but I mean the boros and the Sumatra and these mean the boros and the Sumatra and these mean the boros and the Sumatra and these places that have heavyduty jungle places that have heavyduty jungle places that have heavyduty jungle combined with big land masses I mean for combined with big land masses I mean for combined with big land masses I mean for goodness sake take a place that's a very goodness sake take a place that's a very goodness sake take a place that's a very important strategic uh value in this important strategic uh value in this important strategic uh value in this conflict and that is you know going to conflict and that is you know going to conflict and that is you know going to see a ton of fighting how about New see a ton of fighting how about New see a ton of fighting how about New Guinea north of Australia New Guinea is Guinea north of Australia New Guinea is Guinea north of Australia New Guinea is the second largest island on the planet

the second largest island on the planet the second largest island on the planet if you measure the British Isles from if you measure the British Isles from if you measure the British Isles from Dover in the South to the orne islands Dover in the South to the orne islands Dover in the South to the orne islands you know in the northern Scottish area you know in the northern Scottish area you know in the northern Scottish area um and then you multiply that by three um and then you multiply that by three um and then you multiply that by three times it's still not as long as New times it's still not as long as New times it's still not as long as New Guinea is we mentioned earlier that the Guinea is we mentioned earlier that the Guinea is we mentioned earlier that the worst battle conditions in the world is worst battle conditions in the world is worst battle conditions in the world is an eye of the beholder sort of thing an eye of the beholder sort of thing an eye of the beholder sort of thing well New Guinea has something for well New Guinea has something for well New Guinea has something for everyone's nightmare in that regard everyone's nightmare in that regard everyone's nightmare in that regard because it is an improbable mix of because it is an improbable mix of because it is an improbable mix of terrain types first of all it is for the terrain types first of all it is for the terrain types first of all it is for the most part just like your most part just like your most part just like your stereotypical Pacific Jungle Island stereotypical Pacific Jungle Island stereotypical Pacific Jungle Island heavy jungle heavy jungle heavy jungle island now I would say island now I would say island now I would say rainforest but it doesn't really conjure rainforest but it doesn't really conjure rainforest but it doesn't really conjure up the right Vibe I'm not so sure one of up the right Vibe I'm not so sure one of up the right Vibe I'm not so sure one of the veterans of that campaign would the veterans of that campaign would the veterans of that campaign would think rainforest did Justice to the think rainforest did Justice to the think rainforest did Justice to the conditions I mean it sort of conjures up conditions I mean it sort of conjures up conditions I mean it sort of conjures up these mental images of unicorns running these mental images of unicorns running these mental images of unicorns running around and there weren't any unicorns around and there weren't any unicorns around and there weren't any unicorns obviously there were however man-eating obviously there were however man-eating obviously there were however man-eating crocodiles in all the rivers huge crocodiles in all the rivers huge crocodiles in all the rivers huge man-eating crocodiles so little bit of a man-eating crocodiles so little bit of a man-eating crocodiles so little bit of a different sort of feel to New Guinea different sort of feel to New Guinea different sort of feel to New Guinea than the rainforest idea might project than the rainforest idea might project than the rainforest idea might project the jungle is so thick in places that the jungle is so thick in places that the jungle is so thick in places that vegetation just rots and stinks and vegetation just rots and stinks and vegetation just rots and stinks and attracts all sorts of insect life um attracts all sorts of insect life um attracts all sorts of insect life um while blotting out the sun in some while blotting out the sun in some while blotting out the sun in some places New Guinea has all of the creepy places New Guinea has all of the creepy places New Guinea has all of the creepy crawlies that haunt a lot of people's crawlies that haunt a lot of people's crawlies that haunt a lot of people's nightmares whereas in some places you

nightmares whereas in some places you nightmares whereas in some places you might wake up and have a sigh of relief might wake up and have a sigh of relief might wake up and have a sigh of relief to know that that dream about that giant to know that that dream about that giant to know that that dream about that giant poisonous centipede crawling on you was poisonous centipede crawling on you was poisonous centipede crawling on you was nothing but a dream in New Guinea it's nothing but a dream in New Guinea it's nothing but a dream in New Guinea it's all too real and they might be crawling all too real and they might be crawling all too real and they might be crawling on you after you know 20 straight days on you after you know 20 straight days on you after you know 20 straight days of torrential of torrential of torrential downpour now what New Guinea brings to downpour now what New Guinea brings to downpour now what New Guinea brings to the table that's a little different from the table that's a little different from the table that's a little different from a lot of these Pacific Islands is that a lot of these Pacific Islands is that a lot of these Pacific Islands is that in addition into the jungle it's also in addition into the jungle it's also in addition into the jungle it's also got enormously tall mountains Borneo got enormously tall mountains Borneo got enormously tall mountains Borneo does too some of these other places do does too some of these other places do does too some of these other places do too and there's a lot of volcanoes or too and there's a lot of volcanoes or too and there's a lot of volcanoes or extinct volcanoes in the region but New extinct volcanoes in the region but New extinct volcanoes in the region but New Guinea has towering mountain Guinea has towering mountain Guinea has towering mountain ranges so tall that some planes can't ranges so tall that some planes can't ranges so tall that some planes can't quite make it over the hump and have to quite make it over the hump and have to quite make it over the hump and have to try to work the thermal updrafts a try to work the thermal updrafts a try to work the thermal updrafts a little bit to get it over the really you little bit to get it over the really you little bit to get it over the really you know if they're heavily weighted the know if they're heavily weighted the know if they're heavily weighted the really you know tip of the mountain really you know tip of the mountain really you know tip of the mountain range but that creates an environment range but that creates an environment range but that creates an environment that one of my books describ Es as that one of my books describ Es as that one of my books describ Es as Alpine jungle doesn't that sound sort of Alpine jungle doesn't that sound sort of Alpine jungle doesn't that sound sort of mutually exclusive or contradictory mutually exclusive or contradictory mutually exclusive or contradictory Alpine jungle I haven't encountered that Alpine jungle I haven't encountered that Alpine jungle I haven't encountered that elsewhere um but it gives you a sense of elsewhere um but it gives you a sense of elsewhere um but it gives you a sense of the challenges I mean how do you equip a the challenges I mean how do you equip a the challenges I mean how do you equip a force to fight in Alpine jungle what's force to fight in Alpine jungle what's force to fight in Alpine jungle what's more this is a very remote area so once more this is a very remote area so once more this is a very remote area so once you get away from the coastline toward you get away from the coastline toward you get away from the coastline toward the interior you know there are no roads the interior you know there are no roads the interior you know there are no roads there's none of that there's like dirty there's none of that there's like dirty there's none of that there's like dirty foot paths and it's so isolated in the foot paths and it's so isolated in the foot paths and it's so isolated in the interior that before the second world interior that before the second world interior that before the second world war anthropologists from the West that war anthropologists from the West that war anthropologists from the West that were trying to get examples of how human were trying to get examples of how human were trying to get examples of how human beings operated before cities first

beings operated before cities first beings operated before cities first arose and stuff like that trying to see arose and stuff like that trying to see arose and stuff like that trying to see us you know as we existed through most us you know as we existed through most us you know as we existed through most of human history 10,000 years ago or of human history 10,000 years ago or of human history 10,000 years ago or whatever they ventured to the interior whatever they ventured to the interior whatever they ventured to the interior of places like New Guinea to watch for of places like New Guinea to watch for of places like New Guinea to watch for example tribes of people on the island example tribes of people on the island example tribes of people on the island go to war some of these anthropologists go to war some of these anthropologists go to war some of these anthropologists by the way never made it home bunch of by the way never made it home bunch of by the way never made it home bunch of the soldiers who had to fight their the soldiers who had to fight their the soldiers who had to fight their offed you know similar Fates and they offed you know similar Fates and they offed you know similar Fates and they never made it home either if you look at never made it home either if you look at never made it home either if you look at a map too you can see why New Guinea is a map too you can see why New Guinea is a map too you can see why New Guinea is such a um such a um such a um dramatic island of importance to the dramatic island of importance to the dramatic island of importance to the people in Australia because if you had people in Australia because if you had people in Australia because if you had Japanese airfields and troops as close Japanese airfields and troops as close Japanese airfields and troops as close to the United States you know California to the United States you know California to the United States you know California or New York as the Australians have New or New York as the Australians have New or New York as the Australians have New Guinea close to Guinea close to Guinea close to them we would be losing our minds during them we would be losing our minds during them we would be losing our minds during the second World War the second World War the second World War the Australians are directly threatened the Australians are directly threatened the Australians are directly threatened by the by the by the Japanese finally you have that area that Japanese finally you have that area that Japanese finally you have that area that the Japanese are really I mean this is the Japanese are really I mean this is the Japanese are really I mean this is the prize in this gamble the whole the prize in this gamble the whole the prize in this gamble the whole reason to take this giant risk add a reason to take this giant risk add a reason to take this giant risk add a couple more elephants to the menu is for couple more elephants to the menu is for couple more elephants to the menu is for the potential payoff the potential the potential payoff the potential the potential payoff the potential payoff is a number of territories but payoff is a number of territories but payoff is a number of territories but most of them are islands they're known most of them are islands they're known most of them are islands they're known as the Dutch East Indies during this as the Dutch East Indies during this as the Dutch East Indies during this time period their names used to be time period their names used to be time period their names used to be places like sum as I said in Borneo the places like sum as I said in Borneo the places like sum as I said in Borneo the area of Malaya north of Singapore is area of Malaya north of Singapore is area of Malaya north of Singapore is also very valuable lots of tin lots of also very valuable lots of tin lots of also very valuable lots of tin lots of rubber lots of uh interesting exotic

rubber lots of uh interesting exotic rubber lots of uh interesting exotic sort of hard to find resources and of sort of hard to find resources and of sort of hard to find resources and of course course course oil today these Uber oil today these Uber oil today these Uber valuable resourcer territories are the valuable resourcer territories are the valuable resourcer territories are the independent nation states of countries independent nation states of countries independent nation states of countries like like like Indonesia and Indonesia and Indonesia and Malaysia but when the second world war Malaysia but when the second world war Malaysia but when the second world war in Asia and the Pacific is starting in Asia and the Pacific is starting in Asia and the Pacific is starting these are like most of the region under these are like most of the region under these are like most of the region under the colonial domination of European the colonial domination of European the colonial domination of European States and these particular places this States and these particular places this States and these particular places this treasure chest of regional resources is treasure chest of regional resources is treasure chest of regional resources is almost like a legacy Colony if you want almost like a legacy Colony if you want almost like a legacy Colony if you want to think about it because they're to think about it because they're to think about it because they're controlled by the Dutch and the Dutch controlled by the Dutch and the Dutch controlled by the Dutch and the Dutch haven't been a major military power for haven't been a major military power for haven't been a major military power for some time they remind you a little bit some time they remind you a little bit some time they remind you a little bit of the belgians who are also a colonial of the belgians who are also a colonial of the belgians who are also a colonial uh Power and you think to yourself the uh Power and you think to yourself the uh Power and you think to yourself the belgians are a colonial power they could belgians are a colonial power they could belgians are a colonial power they could hardly you would think defend their hardly you would think defend their hardly you would think defend their Homeland if they were in trouble but Homeland if they were in trouble but Homeland if they were in trouble but they're a colonial power and speaking to they're a colonial power and speaking to they're a colonial power and speaking to that point when this war is breaking out that point when this war is breaking out that point when this war is breaking out right around the time of the Pearl right around the time of the Pearl right around the time of the Pearl Harbor attacks the Dutch can't defend Harbor attacks the Dutch can't defend Harbor attacks the Dutch can't defend themselves in Europe they're actually themselves in Europe they're actually themselves in Europe they're actually occupied by the Nazis during this time occupied by the Nazis during this time occupied by the Nazis during this time period And by the way so are the French period And by the way so are the French period And by the way so are the French they also have a puppet government set they also have a puppet government set they also have a puppet government set up controlled by Nazi Germany so some of up controlled by Nazi Germany so some of up controlled by Nazi Germany so some of these Colonial powers are having a hard these Colonial powers are having a hard these Colonial powers are having a hard time keeping their act together back at time keeping their act together back at time keeping their act together back at home Europe but they still want to home Europe but they still want to home Europe but they still want to control these territories and maintain control these territories and maintain control these territories and maintain their domination in the region and who their domination in the region and who their domination in the region and who wouldn't it's human nature uh it's just wouldn't it's human nature uh it's just wouldn't it's human nature uh it's just like the Japanese wanting to take them like the Japanese wanting to take them like the Japanese wanting to take them over right that's the sort of power of

over right that's the sort of power of over right that's the sort of power of politics Mankind's become accustomed to politics Mankind's become accustomed to politics Mankind's become accustomed to ever since Samaria and before ever since Samaria and before ever since Samaria and before right but before the Japanese can right but before the Japanese can right but before the Japanese can exploit these territories and use them exploit these territories and use them exploit these territories and use them as sort of the equivalent of the nuclear as sort of the equivalent of the nuclear as sort of the equivalent of the nuclear reactor powering their future Empire reactor powering their future Empire reactor powering their future Empire they have to take the places first and they have to take the places first and they have to take the places first and that's what the early stages of say from that's what the early stages of say from that's what the early stages of say from December to late February or March are December to late February or March are December to late February or March are going to be so if you look at this going to be so if you look at this going to be so if you look at this campaign in chapters or sections the campaign in chapters or sections the campaign in chapters or sections the first section is the Japanese Blitz first section is the Japanese Blitz first section is the Japanese Blitz Creek section and the first 48 or 72 Creek section and the first 48 or 72 Creek section and the first 48 or 72 hours as we said is a little crazy I hours as we said is a little crazy I hours as we said is a little crazy I mean with Landings north of Singapore as mean with Landings north of Singapore as mean with Landings north of Singapore as we said Hong Kong's attacked immediately we said Hong Kong's attacked immediately we said Hong Kong's attacked immediately there are Landings on Philippine Islands there are Landings on Philippine Islands there are Landings on Philippine Islands Guam's attacked immediately and taken Guam's attacked immediately and taken Guam's attacked immediately and taken over quickly um Wake Island will be over quickly um Wake Island will be over quickly um Wake Island will be attacked quickly although the Marines attacked quickly although the Marines attacked quickly although the Marines will prevent it from falling quickly on will prevent it from falling quickly on will prevent it from falling quickly on DC December 10th so a couple days after DC December 10th so a couple days after DC December 10th so a couple days after Pearl Harbor uh famously a British Naval Pearl Harbor uh famously a British Naval Pearl Harbor uh famously a British Naval Attack Force goes to see based in Attack Force goes to see based in Attack Force goes to see based in Singapore by the way sent there right Singapore by the way sent there right Singapore by the way sent there right before war broke out by Winston before war broke out by Winston before war broke out by Winston Churchill uh in a move that reminds you Churchill uh in a move that reminds you Churchill uh in a move that reminds you of what the US constantly does today of what the US constantly does today of what the US constantly does today we'll send a carrier group to a place we'll send a carrier group to a place we'll send a carrier group to a place like the Straits of Hormuz to uh display like the Straits of Hormuz to uh display like the Straits of Hormuz to uh display resolve or we'll send another task force resolve or we'll send another task force resolve or we'll send another task force to The Straits of Taiwan to show the to The Straits of Taiwan to show the to The Straits of Taiwan to show the flag whatever it might be these are old flag whatever it might be these are old flag whatever it might be these are old Naval Maneuvers and the British of Naval Maneuvers and the British of Naval Maneuvers and the British of course the greatest Navy of all time at course the greatest Navy of all time at course the greatest Navy of all time at this particular moment in history and so this particular moment in history and so this particular moment in history and so Churchill sends this task force to Churchill sends this task force to Churchill sends this task force to Singapore as a way of sending a message Singapore as a way of sending a message Singapore as a way of sending a message to the Japanese before Pearl Harbor to the Japanese before Pearl Harbor to the Japanese before Pearl Harbor saying let's remember what you're going

saying let's remember what you're going saying let's remember what you're going to be tangling with if you decide to to be tangling with if you decide to to be tangling with if you decide to mess with us right you're not going mess with us right you're not going mess with us right you're not going after chines now you're not fighting the after chines now you're not fighting the after chines now you're not fighting the Soviets I mean this is the Navy that's Soviets I mean this is the Navy that's Soviets I mean this is the Navy that's so great you modeled your Navy after us so great you modeled your Navy after us so great you modeled your Navy after us now famously there will not be an now famously there will not be an now famously there will not be an aircraft carrier with this task force aircraft carrier with this task force aircraft carrier with this task force and the reasons for that are and the reasons for that are and the reasons for that are controversial as is everything that controversial as is everything that controversial as is everything that happens next as is almost everything happens next as is almost everything happens next as is almost everything from the early failures on the Allied from the early failures on the Allied from the early failures on the Allied side in this conflict it's pretty side in this conflict it's pretty side in this conflict it's pretty typical though isn't it whenever you typical though isn't it whenever you typical though isn't it whenever you have beginnings of Wars there's going to have beginnings of Wars there's going to have beginnings of Wars there's going to be screw-ups and you've had years of be screw-ups and you've had years of be screw-ups and you've had years of peacetime Maneuvers and War games and peacetime Maneuvers and War games and peacetime Maneuvers and War games and all sorts of things to prepare you for all sorts of things to prepare you for all sorts of things to prepare you for all this stuff that's going to happen all this stuff that's going to happen all this stuff that's going to happen but when real war happens Murphy's Law but when real war happens Murphy's Law but when real war happens Murphy's Law gets involved in a way it just doesn't gets involved in a way it just doesn't gets involved in a way it just doesn't in the peacetime war games and you see in the peacetime war games and you see in the peacetime war games and you see screw-ups after screw-ups I mean look at screw-ups after screw-ups I mean look at screw-ups after screw-ups I mean look at Pearl Harbor and how many years they're Pearl Harbor and how many years they're Pearl Harbor and how many years they're going to be investigating whose fault going to be investigating whose fault going to be investigating whose fault that was right um right after War breaks that was right um right after War breaks that was right um right after War breaks out at Pearl Harbor the Japanese will out at Pearl Harbor the Japanese will out at Pearl Harbor the Japanese will famously bomb clarkfield in the famously bomb clarkfield in the famously bomb clarkfield in the Philippines which is US held and Destroy Philippines which is US held and Destroy Philippines which is US held and Destroy like half of the planes on the runway like half of the planes on the runway like half of the planes on the runway when the air command in the Philippines when the air command in the Philippines when the air command in the Philippines already knows that the US is at War and already knows that the US is at War and already knows that the US is at War and that Pearl Harbor has been bombed again that Pearl Harbor has been bombed again that Pearl Harbor has been bombed again fingers start getting pointed the fingers start getting pointed the fingers start getting pointed the Singapore situation we'll see a ton of Singapore situation we'll see a ton of Singapore situation we'll see a ton of fingers pointed uh in British military fingers pointed uh in British military fingers pointed uh in British military circles and when on December 10th the circles and when on December 10th the circles and when on December 10th the capital ships the battleships Prince of capital ships the battleships Prince of capital ships the battleships Prince of Wales the battle cruiser repulse and Wales the battle cruiser repulse and Wales the battle cruiser repulse and their um their um their um Destroyer compliment head out to see or Destroyer compliment head out to see or Destroyer compliment head out to see or continue their um search for Japanese

continue their um search for Japanese continue their um search for Japanese troop transports to syn off of the troop transports to syn off of the troop transports to syn off of the Malayan Peninsula get spotted by Malayan Peninsula get spotted by Malayan Peninsula get spotted by Japanese reconnaissance forces there are Japanese reconnaissance forces there are Japanese reconnaissance forces there are planes all over that area planes all over that area planes all over that area submarines uh the Japanese initially see submarines uh the Japanese initially see submarines uh the Japanese initially see them and then lose them and then they them and then lose them and then they them and then lose them and then they find them and pick them up again and find them and pick them up again and find them and pick them up again and then they send then they send then they send landbased bombers out to go get these landbased bombers out to go get these landbased bombers out to go get these ships now we told you earlier that ships now we told you earlier that ships now we told you earlier that there's an interesting it's called an there's an interesting it's called an there's an interesting it's called an RMA these days a revolution in military RMA these days a revolution in military RMA these days a revolution in military Affairs happening in Naval Warfare Affairs happening in Naval Warfare Affairs happening in Naval Warfare during this period whenever something during this period whenever something during this period whenever something like that happens it has to fight the like that happens it has to fight the like that happens it has to fight the inertia of the prevailing military inertia of the prevailing military inertia of the prevailing military beliefs because there's so much invested beliefs because there's so much invested beliefs because there's so much invested in so many different places and on so in so many different places and on so in so many different places and on so many different levels in the way things many different levels in the way things many different levels in the way things are think about the reputations at stake are think about the reputations at stake are think about the reputations at stake in people who've assured for example uh in people who've assured for example uh in people who've assured for example uh people in governments who decide to people in governments who decide to people in governments who decide to throw money into some particular weapon throw money into some particular weapon throw money into some particular weapon system that this weapon system is system that this weapon system is system that this weapon system is Cutting Edge and will determine Cutting Edge and will determine Cutting Edge and will determine everything in the next War so you got everything in the next War so you got everything in the next War so you got reputations on the line then you got the reputations on the line then you got the reputations on the line then you got the reputations of the people that decide to reputations of the people that decide to reputations of the people that decide to make the decisions to spend the money to make the decisions to spend the money to make the decisions to spend the money to build these systems then you have the build these systems then you have the build these systems then you have the people who support these systems I mean people who support these systems I mean people who support these systems I mean it's as silly as sometimes the fact that it's as silly as sometimes the fact that it's as silly as sometimes the fact that something like a battleship if you are a something like a battleship if you are a something like a battleship if you are a a naval commander who wants to command a a naval commander who wants to command a a naval commander who wants to command a ship at Sea that is one of the top ship at Sea that is one of the top ship at Sea that is one of the top Prestige jobs I remember from Star Trek Prestige jobs I remember from Star Trek Prestige jobs I remember from Star Trek Captain Kirk used to say there's only 12 Captain Kirk used to say there's only 12 Captain Kirk used to say there's only 12 Enterprises in the fleet I mean it's Enterprises in the fleet I mean it's Enterprises in the fleet I mean it's this great honor to be a Starship this great honor to be a Starship this great honor to be a Starship Captain well where'd you get that from Captain well where'd you get that from Captain well where'd you get that from that's taken directly from the idea of that's taken directly from the idea of that's taken directly from the idea of commanding a ship of the line or in this

commanding a ship of the line or in this commanding a ship of the line or in this case a battleship so you even have that case a battleship so you even have that case a battleship so you even have that kind of inertia working against the idea kind of inertia working against the idea kind of inertia working against the idea that the weapon that's got the highest that the weapon that's got the highest that the weapon that's got the highest Prestige and the most investment in the Prestige and the most investment in the Prestige and the most investment in the Navies around the world most States Navies around the world most States Navies around the world most States can't even build battleships let's can't even build battleships let's can't even build battleships let's emphasize that right that's how rarified emphasize that right that's how rarified emphasize that right that's how rarified the air is here not every country can the air is here not every country can the air is here not every country can even build these battleships so what even build these battleships so what even build these battleships so what happens if the evidence continually happens if the evidence continually happens if the evidence continually begins to show over and over that begins to show over and over that begins to show over and over that they're obsolete nobody really wants to they're obsolete nobody really wants to they're obsolete nobody really wants to hear hear hear that by the time Pearl Harbor happens that by the time Pearl Harbor happens that by the time Pearl Harbor happens you've had more than two years of war in you've had more than two years of war in you've had more than two years of war in places like the Mediterranean the places like the Mediterranean the places like the Mediterranean the Atlantic uh the North Sea I mean the Atlantic uh the North Sea I mean the Atlantic uh the North Sea I mean the British and the Germans and the Italians British and the Germans and the Italians British and the Germans and the Italians are all tangling with each other so are all tangling with each other so are all tangling with each other so there's evidence AC crewing and if there's evidence AC crewing and if there's evidence AC crewing and if you're a fan of battleships like I am it you're a fan of battleships like I am it you're a fan of battleships like I am it hasn't been necessarily very good hasn't been necessarily very good hasn't been necessarily very good news but there's mitigating news but there's mitigating news but there's mitigating circumstances that's what a person like circumstances that's what a person like circumstances that's what a person like me who doesn't want to hear what the me who doesn't want to hear what the me who doesn't want to hear what the mounting evidence seems to show and what mounting evidence seems to show and what mounting evidence seems to show and what a lot of other people would say too a lot of other people would say too a lot of other people would say too mitigating circumstances I mean we mitigating circumstances I mean we mitigating circumstances I mean we talked about the British raid against talked about the British raid against talked about the British raid against the Italian Fleet anchored at the Port the Italian Fleet anchored at the Port the Italian Fleet anchored at the Port of taranto right where a bunch of old of taranto right where a bunch of old of taranto right where a bunch of old Banes by the most primitive level of Banes by the most primitive level of Banes by the most primitive level of like air to Naval Combat you can think like air to Naval Combat you can think like air to Naval Combat you can think of primitive B planes with a top speed of primitive B planes with a top speed of primitive B planes with a top speed of something like 140 mph are able to of something like 140 mph are able to of something like 140 mph are able to or sink four Italian battleships or sink four Italian battleships or sink four Italian battleships and they lost two and they lost two and they lost two planes people who love battleships put planes people who love battleships put planes people who love battleships put their fingers in their ear as I do and

their fingers in their ear as I do and their fingers in their ear as I do and say not a fair test these ships were say not a fair test these ships were say not a fair test these ships were tied up at Port they weren't maneuvering tied up at Port they weren't maneuvering tied up at Port they weren't maneuvering their Crews weren't Manning the their Crews weren't Manning the their Crews weren't Manning the anti-aircraft weapons at full strength I anti-aircraft weapons at full strength I anti-aircraft weapons at full strength I mean not a fair test and that sort of mean not a fair test and that sort of mean not a fair test and that sort of has been the case for the war so far and has been the case for the war so far and has been the case for the war so far and on December 7th 1941 you get a another on December 7th 1941 you get a another on December 7th 1941 you get a another not fair test when the US Fleet tied up not fair test when the US Fleet tied up not fair test when the US Fleet tied up at Port uh receives a similar treatment at Port uh receives a similar treatment at Port uh receives a similar treatment but worse to what the Italian Fleet got but worse to what the Italian Fleet got but worse to what the Italian Fleet got at at at taranto the reason so many historians taranto the reason so many historians taranto the reason so many historians pay so much extra attention to this pay so much extra attention to this pay so much extra attention to this December 10th 1941 Naval incident is December 10th 1941 Naval incident is December 10th 1941 Naval incident is because it's the best by far the best because it's the best by far the best because it's the best by far the best test case scenario we have of the new test case scenario we have of the new test case scenario we have of the new Revolution in military Affairs in action Revolution in military Affairs in action Revolution in military Affairs in action because you have two Capital ships here because you have two Capital ships here because you have two Capital ships here and one of them is is new commissioned and one of them is is new commissioned and one of them is is new commissioned this same year you can't say the paint this same year you can't say the paint this same year you can't say the paint hasn't been scratched because for a hasn't been scratched because for a hasn't been scratched because for a brand new ship it's already seen a lot brand new ship it's already seen a lot brand new ship it's already seen a lot of action it tangled with the bismar for of action it tangled with the bismar for of action it tangled with the bismar for example uh the Prince of Wales though example uh the Prince of Wales though example uh the Prince of Wales though has the latest anti-aircraft system has the latest anti-aircraft system has the latest anti-aircraft system heavily armored both these ships by the heavily armored both these ships by the heavily armored both these ships by the way they're repulse the battle cruiser way they're repulse the battle cruiser way they're repulse the battle cruiser that's with it and the prince of Wales that's with it and the prince of Wales that's with it and the prince of Wales uh about the length of Two and a Half us uh about the length of Two and a Half us uh about the length of Two and a Half us football fields if you think about them football fields if you think about them football fields if you think about them like stubby versions of the Titanic like stubby versions of the Titanic like stubby versions of the Titanic that's not far wrong the repuls is that's not far wrong the repuls is that's not far wrong the repuls is something like 30,000 tons in weight uh something like 30,000 tons in weight uh something like 30,000 tons in weight uh the Prince of Wales almost 40,000 tons the Prince of Wales almost 40,000 tons the Prince of Wales almost 40,000 tons they are uh ridiculously heav heavily they are uh ridiculously heav heavily they are uh ridiculously heav heavily armed especially the Prince of Whales armed especially the Prince of Whales armed especially the Prince of Whales these are mid 20th century death stars these are mid 20th century death stars these are mid 20th century death stars and it is hard not to admire them as

and it is hard not to admire them as and it is hard not to admire them as some of the most technologically some of the most technologically some of the most technologically sophisticated Naval killing machines I sophisticated Naval killing machines I sophisticated Naval killing machines I mean if if if there's a diabolical side mean if if if there's a diabolical side mean if if if there's a diabolical side to you where you could admire that kind to you where you could admire that kind to you where you could admire that kind of uh weapons perfe I mean that you can of uh weapons perfe I mean that you can of uh weapons perfe I mean that you can see why people could fall in love with a see why people could fall in love with a see why people could fall in love with a weapon system like this and refuse to weapon system like this and refuse to weapon system like this and refuse to see the new reality it's going to be the see the new reality it's going to be the see the new reality it's going to be the attack that happens on the morning of attack that happens on the morning of attack that happens on the morning of December 10th 1941 that is if you'll December 10th 1941 that is if you'll December 10th 1941 that is if you'll pardon the pun a capsizing moment for pardon the pun a capsizing moment for pardon the pun a capsizing moment for many people on the fence about this who many people on the fence about this who many people on the fence about this who are trying legitimately to figure out are trying legitimately to figure out are trying legitimately to figure out what the data points what the data points what the data points suggest now we' mentioned earlier that suggest now we' mentioned earlier that suggest now we' mentioned earlier that there was supposed to be an aircraft there was supposed to be an aircraft there was supposed to be an aircraft carrier with this task force the British carrier with this task force the British carrier with this task force the British Navy is fully aware of the value of Navy is fully aware of the value of Navy is fully aware of the value of aircraft in Naval situation they are not aircraft in Naval situation they are not aircraft in Naval situation they are not stupid they would have liked to have had stupid they would have liked to have had stupid they would have liked to have had it the indomitable though had run a it the indomitable though had run a it the indomitable though had run a ground earlier wasn't here up until the ground earlier wasn't here up until the ground earlier wasn't here up until the last minute air power from the land last minute air power from the land last minute air power from the land bases around there were were uh bases around there were were uh bases around there were were uh potentially going to be involved but potentially going to be involved but potentially going to be involved but that didn't happen either the key to the that didn't happen either the key to the that didn't happen either the key to the whole thing though in understanding um whole thing though in understanding um whole thing though in understanding um that this is going to be a capsizing that this is going to be a capsizing that this is going to be a capsizing moment is that when these ships went out moment is that when these ships went out moment is that when these ships went out into the sou South China Sea without into the sou South China Sea without into the sou South China Sea without airow they did not think of this as an airow they did not think of this as an airow they did not think of this as an extremely dangerous thing to do extremely dangerous thing to do extremely dangerous thing to do If This Were If This Were If This Were 1945 this would be an almost suicidal 1945 this would be an almost suicidal 1945 this would be an almost suicidal thing to do and everyone would have thing to do and everyone would have thing to do and everyone would have known known known it but of course the reason that they it but of course the reason that they it but of course the reason that they would have known would have known would have known this is by this is by this is by 1945 plenty of battleships have been

1945 plenty of battleships have been 1945 plenty of battleships have been sunk by sunk by sunk by aircraft up to the point we are in the aircraft up to the point we are in the aircraft up to the point we are in the story right now late 1941 December 10th story right now late 1941 December 10th story right now late 1941 December 10th 1941 that had never happened in Naval 1941 that had never happened in Naval 1941 that had never happened in Naval History what's more if these ships and History what's more if these ships and History what's more if these ships and their Crews were not unduly concerned their Crews were not unduly concerned their Crews were not unduly concerned about going off without air cover you about going off without air cover you about going off without air cover you would imagine they had every right to be would imagine they had every right to be would imagine they had every right to be considering the amount of anti-aircraft considering the amount of anti-aircraft considering the amount of anti-aircraft Weaponry these ships were loaded with Weaponry these ships were loaded with Weaponry these ships were loaded with there's a war correspondent named OD there's a war correspondent named OD there's a war correspondent named OD Gallagher who writes for the British Gallagher who writes for the British Gallagher who writes for the British paper The Daily Express he's on board paper The Daily Express he's on board paper The Daily Express he's on board the repulse and in his uh rundown of the repulse and in his uh rundown of the repulse and in his uh rundown of this incident he focuses intensely on this incident he focuses intensely on this incident he focuses intensely on the anti-aircraft on the ship you can the anti-aircraft on the ship you can the anti-aircraft on the ship you can tell he's overwhelmingly impressed with tell he's overwhelmingly impressed with tell he's overwhelmingly impressed with it and it's in inferior to what's on the it and it's in inferior to what's on the it and it's in inferior to what's on the Prince of Prince of Prince of Wales he talks about something that has Wales he talks about something that has Wales he talks about something that has a firing rate of 2,000 rounds a minute I a firing rate of 2,000 rounds a minute I a firing rate of 2,000 rounds a minute I had to go look it up and it's basically had to go look it up and it's basically had to go look it up and it's basically 4 50 caliber machine guns strapped 4 50 caliber machine guns strapped 4 50 caliber machine guns strapped together on a together on a together on a rack if you look at the way that rack if you look at the way that rack if you look at the way that anti-aircraft will eventually evolve at anti-aircraft will eventually evolve at anti-aircraft will eventually evolve at the end of the war there's actually some the end of the war there's actually some the end of the war there's actually some good footage you can find of uh late War good footage you can find of uh late War good footage you can find of uh late War US Naval task forces opening up against US Naval task forces opening up against US Naval task forces opening up against I think it's kamakazi and what you see I think it's kamakazi and what you see I think it's kamakazi and what you see is I mean the US had perfected this by is I mean the US had perfected this by is I mean the US had perfected this by late War they've got picket lines of late War they've got picket lines of late War they've got picket lines of Destroyers out in advance they've got a Destroyers out in advance they've got a Destroyers out in advance they've got a bunch of smaller ships surrounding the bunch of smaller ships surrounding the bunch of smaller ships surrounding the big ships and they all open up at once big ships and they all open up at once big ships and they all open up at once the sky fills with explosive metal they

the sky fills with explosive metal they the sky fills with explosive metal they have it sectioned off by altitude so you have it sectioned off by altitude so you have it sectioned off by altitude so you have certain kinds of guns firing right have certain kinds of guns firing right have certain kinds of guns firing right at sea level for the low flyers and then at sea level for the low flyers and then at sea level for the low flyers and then they've got it graduated in steps every they've got it graduated in steps every they've got it graduated in steps every way up the altitude chain it's all way up the altitude chain it's all way up the altitude chain it's all synced to radar it's awesome all synced to radar it's awesome all synced to radar it's awesome all inspiring and all you can think of is inspiring and all you can think of is inspiring and all you can think of is how could anybody ever fly through that how could anybody ever fly through that how could anybody ever fly through that what would it be like to try to fly what would it be like to try to fly what would it be like to try to fly through through through that but here's the dirty little secret that but here's the dirty little secret that but here's the dirty little secret about it all enough planes always get about it all enough planes always get about it all enough planes always get through so that you can't defend these through so that you can't defend these through so that you can't defend these ships with anti-aircraft ships with anti-aircraft ships with anti-aircraft alone often times the numbers look alone often times the numbers look alone often times the numbers look pathetically small of planes taken out pathetically small of planes taken out pathetically small of planes taken out by anti-aircraft but even in the the by anti-aircraft but even in the the by anti-aircraft but even in the the battles where you know you see a lot of battles where you know you see a lot of battles where you know you see a lot of enemy planes are destroyed by uh gunfire enemy planes are destroyed by uh gunfire enemy planes are destroyed by uh gunfire from the ships a lot of times it's after from the ships a lot of times it's after from the ships a lot of times it's after the plane has already conducted its the plane has already conducted its the plane has already conducted its torpedo run or bombing run and it's torpedo run or bombing run and it's torpedo run or bombing run and it's passing over and and passed a lot of passing over and and passed a lot of passing over and and passed a lot of these planes will make it back to their these planes will make it back to their these planes will make it back to their base and then be declared total losses base and then be declared total losses base and then be declared total losses now that's great you've reduced enemy now that's great you've reduced enemy now that's great you've reduced enemy aircraft numbers but it didn't stop the aircraft numbers but it didn't stop the aircraft numbers but it didn't stop the attack on the ship at the time so how attack on the ship at the time so how attack on the ship at the time so how many planes are you willing to take out many planes are you willing to take out many planes are you willing to take out and call it an even day if you lose a and call it an even day if you lose a and call it an even day if you lose a battleship they lose 30 planes 40 planes battleship they lose 30 planes 40 planes battleship they lose 30 planes 40 planes I mean put a number on I mean put a number on I mean put a number on it Army General Billy Mitchell who said it Army General Billy Mitchell who said it Army General Billy Mitchell who said in the Years between the two world wars in the Years between the two world wars in the Years between the two world wars that the US shouldn't even build any that the US shouldn't even build any that the US shouldn't even build any more battleships because you could buy a more battleships because you could buy a more battleships because you could buy a thousand bombers for the price of one thousand bombers for the price of one thousand bombers for the price of one Battleship I mean he's the kind of guy

Battleship I mean he's the kind of guy Battleship I mean he's the kind of guy that might say I'd be willing to lose a that might say I'd be willing to lose a that might say I'd be willing to lose a th000 planes 999 planes and call it a th000 planes 999 planes and call it a th000 planes 999 planes and call it a victory if I took out a battleship you victory if I took out a battleship you victory if I took out a battleship you could begin to see that in order to could begin to see that in order to could begin to see that in order to protect these ships you have to expect a protect these ships you have to expect a protect these ships you have to expect a level of efficiency on the part of the level of efficiency on the part of the level of efficiency on the part of the anti-aircraft weapons that's not anti-aircraft weapons that's not anti-aircraft weapons that's not realistic to realistic to realistic to expect now another reason that the expect now another reason that the expect now another reason that the people on board these ships are people on board these ships are people on board these ships are confident that they have nothing to confident that they have nothing to confident that they have nothing to worry about is because they realize that worry about is because they realize that worry about is because they realize that they're not up against the kind of enemy they're not up against the kind of enemy they're not up against the kind of enemy that they're used to facing a lot of that they're used to facing a lot of that they're used to facing a lot of these people just came from Europe where these people just came from Europe where these people just came from Europe where they were facing the Luft wafa and they were facing the Luft wafa and they were facing the Luft wafa and Germany and these are notoriously good Germany and these are notoriously good Germany and these are notoriously good military forces highly trained very very military forces highly trained very very military forces highly trained very very efficient and the people on this ship efficient and the people on this ship efficient and the people on this ship think that they're facing people who think that they're facing people who think that they're facing people who don't measure up to European standards don't measure up to European standards don't measure up to European standards for all of the bigotry reasons I for all of the bigotry reasons I for all of the bigotry reasons I mentioned earlier so nothing to worry mentioned earlier so nothing to worry mentioned earlier so nothing to worry about that's another thing that this is about that's another thing that this is about that's another thing that this is going to be a data point for this is going to be a data point for this is going to be a data point for this is part of the Allies discovering that they part of the Allies discovering that they part of the Allies discovering that they have woefully underestimated their enemy have woefully underestimated their enemy have woefully underestimated their enemy here and War correspondent OD Gallagher here and War correspondent OD Gallagher here and War correspondent OD Gallagher is on board the repulse he writes for is on board the repulse he writes for is on board the repulse he writes for the British paper The Daily Express as I the British paper The Daily Express as I the British paper The Daily Express as I believe I said he recounts what happened believe I said he recounts what happened believe I said he recounts what happened on this fateful day when the Japanese on this fateful day when the Japanese on this fateful day when the Japanese aircraft find this Strike Force again aircraft find this Strike Force again aircraft find this Strike Force again the battle itself begins about 11:00 the battle itself begins about 11:00 the battle itself begins about 11:00 a.m.

a.m. a.m. 11:15 with Japanese aircraft attacking 11:15 with Japanese aircraft attacking 11:15 with Japanese aircraft attacking from all different sides and all from all different sides and all from all different sides and all different altitudes at different times different altitudes at different times different altitudes at different times as they sort of arrive so you have six as they sort of arrive so you have six as they sort of arrive so you have six planes eight planes 10 planes some planes eight planes 10 planes some planes eight planes 10 planes some hugging the waves with heavy Torpedoes hugging the waves with heavy Torpedoes hugging the waves with heavy Torpedoes on the horizon others flying in this on the horizon others flying in this on the horizon others flying in this case they had level bombers so medium case they had level bombers so medium case they had level bombers so medium bombers that would fly straight overhead bombers that would fly straight overhead bombers that would fly straight overhead at like 10,000 ft and drop big bombs at like 10,000 ft and drop big bombs at like 10,000 ft and drop big bombs very hard to hit the ships at that very hard to hit the ships at that very hard to hit the ships at that height but if you do they're very big height but if you do they're very big height but if you do they're very big bombs OD Gallagher says that at 11:15 bombs OD Gallagher says that at 11:15 bombs OD Gallagher says that at 11:15 a.m. the Prince of Wales anti-aircraft a.m. the Prince of Wales anti-aircraft a.m. the Prince of Wales anti-aircraft weapons open fire the explosion makes weapons open fire the explosion makes weapons open fire the explosion makes him jump and then he says and let me him jump and then he says and let me him jump and then he says and let me warn you these are primary source quotes warn you these are primary source quotes warn you these are primary source quotes from the era so they're going to have from the era so they're going to have from the era so they're going to have all the bigoted wartime propaganda type all the bigoted wartime propaganda type all the bigoted wartime propaganda type terms you might expect but we don't terms you might expect but we don't terms you might expect but we don't censor primary sources and you wouldn't censor primary sources and you wouldn't censor primary sources and you wouldn't want us to imagine trying to do that for want us to imagine trying to do that for want us to imagine trying to do that for example with stuff from before the US example with stuff from before the US example with stuff from before the US Civil War you'd have huge gaps in Civil War you'd have huge gaps in Civil War you'd have huge gaps in anything you might try to say so be anything you might try to say so be anything you might try to say so be forewarned but Gallagher writes about forewarned but Gallagher writes about forewarned but Gallagher writes about the 11:15 a.m. Air Assault quote that the 11:15 a.m. Air Assault quote that the 11:15 a.m. Air Assault quote that was the beginning of a superb Air Attack was the beginning of a superb Air Attack was the beginning of a superb Air Attack by the Japanese whose Air Force was an by the Japanese whose Air Force was an by the Japanese whose Air Force was an unknown quantity officers in the Prince unknown quantity officers in the Prince unknown quantity officers in the Prince of Wales he writes whom I met in their of Wales he writes whom I met in their of Wales he writes whom I met in their wardroom when she arrived here last week wardroom when she arrived here last week wardroom when she arrived here last week said they expected some unorthodox said they expected some unorthodox said they expected some unorthodox flying from the Japs the great danger flying from the Japs the great danger flying from the Japs the great danger will be the possibility of these chaps will be the possibility of these chaps will be the possibility of these chaps flying their whole aircraft into a ship

flying their whole aircraft into a ship flying their whole aircraft into a ship and committing Hari Kiri he quotes them and committing Hari Kiri he quotes them and committing Hari Kiri he quotes them as saying he continues quote it was as saying he continues quote it was as saying he continues quote it was nothing like that it was most Orthodox nothing like that it was most Orthodox nothing like that it was most Orthodox they even came at us in formation flying they even came at us in formation flying they even came at us in formation flying low and close aboard the repulse he says low and close aboard the repulse he says low and close aboard the repulse he says I found observers as qualified as anyone I found observers as qualified as anyone I found observers as qualified as anyone to estimate flying abilities they to estimate flying abilities they to estimate flying abilities they know from firsthand experience what the know from firsthand experience what the know from firsthand experience what the Royal Air Force and the Luft wafa are Royal Air Force and the Luft wafa are Royal Air Force and the Luft wafa are like their verdict was now quoting their like their verdict was now quoting their like their verdict was now quoting their verdict the Germans have never done verdict the Germans have never done verdict the Germans have never done anything like this in the North Sea anything like this in the North Sea anything like this in the North Sea Atlantic or anywhere else we have been Atlantic or anywhere else we have been Atlantic or anywhere else we have been end end end quote both these ships begin maneuvering quote both these ships begin maneuvering quote both these ships begin maneuvering they both do about 30 knots of they they both do about 30 knots of they they both do about 30 knots of they they're fast they're as we said long they're fast they're as we said long they're fast they're as we said long which makes it hard to maneuver but which makes it hard to maneuver but which makes it hard to maneuver but these are all the sorts of things that these are all the sorts of things that these are all the sorts of things that Defenders of battleships suggested that Defenders of battleships suggested that Defenders of battleships suggested that they'd be able to do and survive these they'd be able to do and survive these they'd be able to do and survive these encounters and by the way throughout encounters and by the way throughout encounters and by the way throughout these air attacks the repulse is dodging these air attacks the repulse is dodging these air attacks the repulse is dodging torpedo after torpedo so there's some torpedo after torpedo so there's some torpedo after torpedo so there's some truth to the whole maneuvering thing truth to the whole maneuvering thing truth to the whole maneuvering thing they Dodge like 19 of them but this is a they Dodge like 19 of them but this is a they Dodge like 19 of them but this is a numbers game and over the space of about numbers game and over the space of about numbers game and over the space of about an hour and a half almost 100 aircraft an hour and a half almost 100 aircraft an hour and a half almost 100 aircraft will will will participate in what looks very much like participate in what looks very much like participate in what looks very much like the Tak down of a large animal on the the Tak down of a large animal on the the Tak down of a large animal on the serengetti by a persistent horde of serengetti by a persistent horde of serengetti by a persistent horde of smaller smaller smaller predators and that is I should point out predators and that is I should point out predators and that is I should point out one of the two ways that these big ships

one of the two ways that these big ships one of the two ways that these big ships tend to be sunk way number one's pretty tend to be sunk way number one's pretty tend to be sunk way number one's pretty classic and very dramatic and it's been classic and very dramatic and it's been classic and very dramatic and it's been around ever since you had magazines around ever since you had magazines around ever since you had magazines filled with explosive things in Naval filled with explosive things in Naval filled with explosive things in Naval Warfare the critical hit is always a Warfare the critical hit is always a Warfare the critical hit is always a possibility you saw it against the possibility you saw it against the possibility you saw it against the Bismark where the bismar or the cruiser Bismark where the bismar or the cruiser Bismark where the bismar or the cruiser with it was able to penetrate the with it was able to penetrate the with it was able to penetrate the magazine of the battle cruiser Hood the magazine of the battle cruiser Hood the magazine of the battle cruiser Hood the beautiful British battle cruiser beautiful British battle cruiser beautiful British battle cruiser fighting it somehow got into the fighting it somehow got into the fighting it somehow got into the magazine and boom it explodes and out of magazine and boom it explodes and out of magazine and boom it explodes and out of a crew a crew a crew of something like a thousand three of something like a thousand three of something like a thousand three people survived I mean it was at the people survived I mean it was at the people survived I mean it was at the bottom of the sea extremely quickly part bottom of the sea extremely quickly part bottom of the sea extremely quickly part of it sank in like a second and a half of it sank in like a second and a half of it sank in like a second and a half the other one lasted a couple of minutes the other one lasted a couple of minutes the other one lasted a couple of minutes before before before boom so the critical hits it's always boom so the critical hits it's always boom so the critical hits it's always been around in Naval Warfare but with a been around in Naval Warfare but with a been around in Naval Warfare but with a lot of these big ships it's more like a lot of these big ships it's more like a lot of these big ships it's more like a process of weakening them and what often process of weakening them and what often process of weakening them and what often happens is a lucky hit will happen but happens is a lucky hit will happen but happens is a lucky hit will happen but if you're trying hard enough a lucky if you're trying hard enough a lucky if you're trying hard enough a lucky hit's inevitable right I mean you take hit's inevitable right I mean you take hit's inevitable right I mean you take enough pulls even at the old slot enough pulls even at the old slot enough pulls even at the old slot machines in Las Vegas designed to take machines in Las Vegas designed to take machines in Las Vegas designed to take your money from you but it'll eventually your money from you but it'll eventually your money from you but it'll eventually pay off the air combat's not too pay off the air combat's not too pay off the air combat's not too dissimilar after dodging 19 Torpedoes dissimilar after dodging 19 Torpedoes dissimilar after dodging 19 Torpedoes for example the repulse eventually gets for example the repulse eventually gets for example the repulse eventually gets hit by one hit by one hit by one and what these Torpedoes often do is and what these Torpedoes often do is and what these Torpedoes often do is make you more vulnerable so they'll Jam make you more vulnerable so they'll Jam make you more vulnerable so they'll Jam the rudder or they'll damage the power the rudder or they'll damage the power the rudder or they'll damage the power uh that happens uh to the Prince of uh that happens uh to the Prince of uh that happens uh to the Prince of Wales eventually when she gets Wales eventually when she gets Wales eventually when she gets hit they're dropping these very big

hit they're dropping these very big hit they're dropping these very big bombs from very high altitude the chance bombs from very high altitude the chance bombs from very high altitude the chance of hitting these ships is very small but of hitting these ships is very small but of hitting these ships is very small but if you drop enough bombs you have a if you drop enough bombs you have a if you drop enough bombs you have a decent chance of striking with one and decent chance of striking with one and decent chance of striking with one and they're big enough some of them are a they're big enough some of them are a they're big enough some of them are a th000 PBS that if you hit these ships th000 PBS that if you hit these ships th000 PBS that if you hit these ships with something like that you're likely with something like that you're likely with something like that you're likely to slow them to slow them to slow them down and if you slow them down then they down and if you slow them down then they down and if you slow them down then they become meat the Prince of Wales after being hit meat the Prince of Wales after being hit and seeing its power levels drop and its and seeing its power levels drop and its and seeing its power levels drop and its speed drop begins to take a list and speed drop begins to take a list and speed drop begins to take a list and Gallagher on board the repulse watching Gallagher on board the repulse watching Gallagher on board the repulse watching this says this says this says quote 12:20 p.m. the end is near quote 12:20 p.m. the end is near quote 12:20 p.m. the end is near although I didn't know it a new wave of although I didn't know it a new wave of although I didn't know it a new wave of planes appear flying around us in planes appear flying around us in planes appear flying around us in formation and gradually coming nearer formation and gradually coming nearer formation and gradually coming nearer the Prince of Wales lies about 10 cables the Prince of Wales lies about 10 cables the Prince of Wales lies about 10 cables a stern of our port side she is helpless a stern of our port side she is helpless a stern of our port side she is helpless they are making for her I don't know how they are making for her I don't know how they are making for her I don't know how many they are splitting up our guns as many they are splitting up our guns as many they are splitting up our guns as they realize they are after her knowing they realize they are after her knowing they realize they are after her knowing she can't Dodge their Torpedoes so we she can't Dodge their Torpedoes so we she can't Dodge their Torpedoes so we fire at them to defend the Prince of fire at them to defend the Prince of fire at them to defend the Prince of Wales rather than attend to our own Wales rather than attend to our own Wales rather than attend to our own safety the only analogy I can think of safety the only analogy I can think of safety the only analogy I can think of to give an impression of the Prince of to give an impression of the Prince of to give an impression of the Prince of Wales in those last moments is of a Wales in those last moments is of a Wales in those last moments is of a mortally wounded tiger trying to beat mortally wounded tiger trying to beat mortally wounded tiger trying to beat off the off the off the kudagra her outline is hardly kudagra her outline is hardly kudagra her outline is hardly distinguishable in Smoke and Flame from distinguishable in Smoke and Flame from distinguishable in Smoke and Flame from all her guns except the 14 iners I can all her guns except the 14 iners I can all her guns except the 14 iners I can see one plane release a torpedo it drops see one plane release a torpedo it drops see one plane release a torpedo it drops nose heavy into the sea and churns up a nose heavy into the sea and churns up a nose heavy into the sea and churns up a small wake as it drives straight at the small wake as it drives straight at the small wake as it drives straight at the Prince of Wales it explodes against her Prince of Wales it explodes against her Prince of Wales it explodes against her boughs a couple of seconds later another

boughs a couple of seconds later another boughs a couple of seconds later another explodes Aid ships and another a Stern explodes Aid ships and another a Stern explodes Aid ships and another a Stern gazing at her turning over on the port gazing at her turning over on the port gazing at her turning over on the port side with her Stern going under and with side with her Stern going under and with side with her Stern going under and with dots of men leaping from her I was dots of men leaping from her I was dots of men leaping from her I was thrown against the bulkhead by a thrown against the bulkhead by a thrown against the bulkhead by a tremendous into shock as the repulse tremendous into shock as the repulse tremendous into shock as the repulse takes a torpedo in its Portside Stern takes a torpedo in its Portside Stern takes a torpedo in its Portside Stern end quote the repulse will take a few end quote the repulse will take a few end quote the repulse will take a few more and Gallagher will go down with the more and Gallagher will go down with the more and Gallagher will go down with the ship only to be fished from the water ship only to be fished from the water ship only to be fished from the water file his story and have it appear a mere file his story and have it appear a mere file his story and have it appear a mere two days later in the British morning two days later in the British morning two days later in the British morning papers more than 800 men died and it papers more than 800 men died and it papers more than 800 men died and it would have been much much worse had would have been much much worse had would have been much much worse had there not been destroyers nearby to pick there not been destroyers nearby to pick there not been destroyers nearby to pick up up up survivors the British Admiral on board survivors the British Admiral on board survivors the British Admiral on board the Prince of Wales went down with the the Prince of Wales went down with the the Prince of Wales went down with the ship and ship and ship and drowned when told of this event Winston drowned when told of this event Winston drowned when told of this event Winston Churchill says it was one of the biggest Churchill says it was one of the biggest Churchill says it was one of the biggest shocks he got in the entire shocks he got in the entire shocks he got in the entire War the cost for sending these two War the cost for sending these two War the cost for sending these two ridiculously expensive technologically ridiculously expensive technologically ridiculously expensive technologically sophisticated nearly impossible for most sophisticated nearly impossible for most sophisticated nearly impossible for most people to build mid 20th century death people to build mid 20th century death people to build mid 20th century death stars stars stars between four and seven Japanese aircraft that is a change in the cost to aircraft that is a change in the cost to benefit ratio in Naval Combat that will benefit ratio in Naval Combat that will benefit ratio in Naval Combat that will create a revolution in military create a revolution in military create a revolution in military Affairs we should also point out another

Affairs we should also point out another Affairs we should also point out another angle that makes this important and that angle that makes this important and that angle that makes this important and that has to do with how long it takes to has to do with how long it takes to has to do with how long it takes to build these giant build these giant build these giant ships for example these big battleships ships for example these big battleships ships for example these big battleships take generally between three and four take generally between three and four take generally between three and four years to build the aircraft carriers years to build the aircraft carriers years to build the aircraft carriers that are going to take over as the big that are going to take over as the big that are going to take over as the big important ships are more like two to important ships are more like two to important ships are more like two to three years to build but that's a three years to build but that's a three years to build but that's a significant amount of time when Julius significant amount of time when Julius significant amount of time when Julius Caesar invaded Britain in 54 BCE he says Caesar invaded Britain in 54 BCE he says Caesar invaded Britain in 54 BCE he says he built a fleet of 6 to 800 vessels he built a fleet of 6 to 800 vessels he built a fleet of 6 to 800 vessels over the over the over the winter well when you're building winter well when you're building winter well when you're building although they were pretty sophisticated although they were pretty sophisticated although they were pretty sophisticated but when you're building wooden vessels but when you're building wooden vessels but when you're building wooden vessels like like that maybe you can pull that like like that maybe you can pull that like like that maybe you can pull that off but with these very sophisticated off but with these very sophisticated off but with these very sophisticated machines it is a process but what that machines it is a process but what that machines it is a process but what that means is unlike land Warfare and unlike means is unlike land Warfare and unlike means is unlike land Warfare and unlike air Warfare I mean you never want to air Warfare I mean you never want to air Warfare I mean you never want to lose an army and you never want to lose lose an army and you never want to lose lose an army and you never want to lose an Air Force in something like the an Air Force in something like the an Air Force in something like the Battle of Britain have it ground down to Battle of Britain have it ground down to Battle of Britain have it ground down to the nub you never want that to happen the nub you never want that to happen the nub you never want that to happen but if it doesn't lose you the war but if it doesn't lose you the war but if it doesn't lose you the war somehow within a year most of the top somehow within a year most of the top somehow within a year most of the top Powers will have restored something like Powers will have restored something like Powers will have restored something like that now you can't restore the veteran that now you can't restore the veteran that now you can't restore the veteran nature of the troop and whatnot that you nature of the troop and whatnot that you nature of the troop and whatnot that you lose but in the Air Force you might lose but in the Air Force you might lose but in the Air Force you might argue it might be a plus I mean you argue it might be a plus I mean you argue it might be a plus I mean you replace the old stuff with brand new replace the old stuff with brand new replace the old stuff with brand new stuff but it's something that you can stuff but it's something that you can stuff but it's something that you can deal with Naval Warfare is different deal with Naval Warfare is different deal with Naval Warfare is different because it takes so long to replace because it takes so long to replace because it takes so long to replace these big ships that if you were to lose these big ships that if you were to lose these big ships that if you were to lose something like four aircraft carriers in

something like four aircraft carriers in something like four aircraft carriers in an an an afternoon that's afternoon that's afternoon that's devastating because the ships that you devastating because the ships that you devastating because the ships that you lay down to replace them probably won't lay down to replace them probably won't lay down to replace them probably won't be ready in time for you to use them in be ready in time for you to use them in be ready in time for you to use them in this this this war so the value nature of the main war so the value nature of the main war so the value nature of the main Fleet assets Fleet assets Fleet assets skyrockets and all of a sudden these skyrockets and all of a sudden these skyrockets and all of a sudden these aircraft carriers are going to be seen aircraft carriers are going to be seen aircraft carriers are going to be seen as like Queens on a as like Queens on a as like Queens on a chessboard and they will need to be chessboard and they will need to be chessboard and they will need to be handled with care now when these two Capital ships go care now when these two Capital ships go down December 10th 1941 you have a down December 10th 1941 you have a down December 10th 1941 you have a fantastic fantastically weird and fantastic fantastically weird and fantastic fantastically weird and interesting situation in global Affairs interesting situation in global Affairs interesting situation in global Affairs going on and I find it interesting that going on and I find it interesting that going on and I find it interesting that more attention isn't paid to it because more attention isn't paid to it because more attention isn't paid to it because the alternative history potential is the alternative history potential is the alternative history potential is just wild but you don't have the second just wild but you don't have the second just wild but you don't have the second world war going on as we understand it world war going on as we understand it world war going on as we understand it today yet you have two Global or maybe today yet you have two Global or maybe today yet you have two Global or maybe you could say hemispheric Wars going on you could say hemispheric Wars going on you could say hemispheric Wars going on at the same time involving some but not at the same time involving some but not at the same time involving some but not all of the same participants and often all of the same participants and often all of the same participants and often in different combinations for example in different combinations for example in different combinations for example the British and friends that's how I'll the British and friends that's how I'll the British and friends that's how I'll put it the British and friends and put it the British and friends and put it the British and friends and allies without the US are already allies without the US are already allies without the US are already fighting the Germans and the Italians fighting the Germans and the Italians fighting the Germans and the Italians and the smaller Axis Powers now after and the smaller Axis Powers now after and the smaller Axis Powers now after December 7th December 8th they're December 7th December 8th they're December 7th December 8th they're fighting the Japanese fighting the Japanese fighting the Japanese too the Germans are fighting the British too the Germans are fighting the British too the Germans are fighting the British and allies and friends and they're also

and allies and friends and they're also and allies and friends and they're also fighting the Soviets the Soviet Union fighting the Soviets the Soviet Union fighting the Soviets the Soviet Union are fighting the Germans but not are fighting the Germans but not are fighting the Germans but not fighting the Japanese the Japanese are fighting the Japanese the Japanese are fighting the Japanese the Japanese are not fighting the Soviet Union but are not fighting the Soviet Union but are not fighting the Soviet Union but are fighting the Chinese and now have fighting the Chinese and now have fighting the Chinese and now have attacked the British and French and now attacked the British and French and now attacked the British and French and now have attacked the United States the have attacked the United States the have attacked the United States the United States is fighting the Japanese United States is fighting the Japanese United States is fighting the Japanese cuz the Japanese attacked them but cuz the Japanese attacked them but cuz the Japanese attacked them but they're not fighting the they're not fighting the they're not fighting the Germans well we know there's an Germans well we know there's an Germans well we know there's an Undeclared sort of war going on with Undeclared sort of war going on with Undeclared sort of war going on with submarines on the east coast and the US submarines on the east coast and the US submarines on the east coast and the US is pushing the boundaries of neutrality is pushing the boundaries of neutrality is pushing the boundaries of neutrality by helping where they can but there's no by helping where they can but there's no by helping where they can but there's no official war going on against the official war going on against the official war going on against the Germans right and the Germans didn't Germans right and the Germans didn't Germans right and the Germans didn't bomb Pearl Harbor so you have this weird bomb Pearl Harbor so you have this weird bomb Pearl Harbor so you have this weird situation that might have continued for situation that might have continued for situation that might have continued for quite a bit longer and it's interesting quite a bit longer and it's interesting quite a bit longer and it's interesting to speculate how it might have gone had to speculate how it might have gone had to speculate how it might have gone had it continued longer cuz remember it continued longer cuz remember it continued longer cuz remember remember the State of Affairs in the remember the State of Affairs in the remember the State of Affairs in the United States at this time this is the United States at this time this is the United States at this time this is the end of the period And I hate this but end of the period And I hate this but end of the period And I hate this but that's often referred to in the history that's often referred to in the history that's often referred to in the history books as the isolationist period of books as the isolationist period of books as the isolationist period of American American American History uh it's if you look at public History uh it's if you look at public History uh it's if you look at public opinion polls it's definitely getting opinion polls it's definitely getting opinion polls it's definitely getting more interventionist but I guess coming more interventionist but I guess coming more interventionist but I guess coming from a low Point uh there are a lot of from a low Point uh there are a lot of from a low Point uh there are a lot of people that don't want to go to war in people that don't want to go to war in people that don't want to go to war in Europe Franklin Roosevelt who is now in Europe Franklin Roosevelt who is now in Europe Franklin Roosevelt who is now in his third term which is unprecedented we his third term which is unprecedented we his third term which is unprecedented we still haven't had a president who served still haven't had a president who served still haven't had a president who served more than two more than two more than two uh and that worries people who never uh and that worries people who never uh and that worries people who never like Roosevelt to begin with right he's like Roosevelt to begin with right he's like Roosevelt to begin with right he's like you know third term is he ever like you know third term is he ever like you know third term is he ever leaving office um Roosevelt ran on a leaving office um Roosevelt ran on a leaving office um Roosevelt ran on a platform that he wasn't going to send platform that he wasn't going to send platform that he wasn't going to send American boys to go die in another American boys to go die in another American boys to go die in another European war boom he wins the presidency European war boom he wins the presidency European war boom he wins the presidency he's back in the white house and now he's back in the white house and now he's back in the white house and now he's going to go start a war against he's going to go start a war against he's going to go start a war against Germany not likely at least not without Germany not likely at least not without Germany not likely at least not without much more

much more much more setup so how long could this state of setup so how long could this state of setup so how long could this state of affairs have continued where you know affairs have continued where you know affairs have continued where you know they're all fighting I mean it it's wild they're all fighting I mean it it's wild they're all fighting I mean it it's wild to think about on December 11th 1941 to think about on December 11th 1941 to think about on December 11th 1941 though in a move that must have you know though in a move that must have you know though in a move that must have you know put a little bit of a bomb on Winston put a little bit of a bomb on Winston put a little bit of a bomb on Winston Churchill still trying to recover from Churchill still trying to recover from Churchill still trying to recover from news of the you know sinking of those news of the you know sinking of those news of the you know sinking of those two Capital ships Adolf Hitler takes all two Capital ships Adolf Hitler takes all two Capital ships Adolf Hitler takes all the pressure off of Franklin Roosevelt the pressure off of Franklin Roosevelt the pressure off of Franklin Roosevelt and solves all his problems if he really and solves all his problems if he really and solves all his problems if he really wanted to get the United States into a wanted to get the United States into a wanted to get the United States into a European War as some think by declaring European War as some think by declaring European War as some think by declaring war in the United States war in the United States war in the United States bam now I'm not saying that there was an bam now I'm not saying that there was an bam now I'm not saying that there was an ample excuses to justify such a move but ample excuses to justify such a move but ample excuses to justify such a move but why would you do it if you didn't have why would you do it if you didn't have why would you do it if you didn't have to well maybe you get something for this to well maybe you get something for this to well maybe you get something for this right so this is what has me thinking right so this is what has me thinking right so this is what has me thinking back to some of the great German back to some of the great German back to some of the great German diplomats in history I mean one of the diplomats in history I mean one of the diplomats in history I mean one of the greatest of all times autovon bismar greatest of all times autovon bismar greatest of all times autovon bismar right they named the battleship after right they named the battleship after right they named the battleship after him he was alive in Hitler's him he was alive in Hitler's him he was alive in Hitler's lifetime I can't think on a level high lifetime I can't think on a level high lifetime I can't think on a level high enough to wonder what bismar would have enough to wonder what bismar would have enough to wonder what bismar would have done but I know enough about him to know done but I know enough about him to know done but I know enough about him to know what he wouldn't have done he would not what he wouldn't have done he would not what he wouldn't have done he would not have gotten Germany involved in any sort have gotten Germany involved in any sort have gotten Germany involved in any sort of diplomatic commitment that didn't of diplomatic commitment that didn't of diplomatic commitment that didn't offer something of tangible value to offer something of tangible value to offer something of tangible value to Germany that would be extremely unlike Germany that would be extremely unlike Germany that would be extremely unlike him to ever make a bad deal this is a him to ever make a bad deal this is a him to ever make a bad deal this is a bad deal because the Germans aren't bad deal because the Germans aren't bad deal because the Germans aren't going to get anything for it what might going to get anything for it what might going to get anything for it what might they want well my goodness they're life they want well my goodness they're life they want well my goodness they're life or death at this time period outside the

or death at this time period outside the or death at this time period outside the gates of Moscow right against the Soviet gates of Moscow right against the Soviet gates of Moscow right against the Soviet Union go look at a map wouldn't it be Union go look at a map wouldn't it be Union go look at a map wouldn't it be wonderful if your Nazi Germany have the wonderful if your Nazi Germany have the wonderful if your Nazi Germany have the Japanese attack the Soviet Union from Japanese attack the Soviet Union from Japanese attack the Soviet Union from the you know from the backside from the the you know from the backside from the the you know from the backside from the Asian side and then you got them in a Asian side and then you got them in a Asian side and then you got them in a vice and you can you can squish them vice and you can you can squish them vice and you can you can squish them between both sides but the Japanese between both sides but the Japanese between both sides but the Japanese never attack the Soviet Union in this never attack the Soviet Union in this never attack the Soviet Union in this whole War even though they kind of like whole War even though they kind of like whole War even though they kind of like to a lot of to a lot of to a lot of them so what do the Germans get for all them so what do the Germans get for all them so what do the Germans get for all this well it's an even worse deal this well it's an even worse deal this well it's an even worse deal because kind of quietly the US and because kind of quietly the US and because kind of quietly the US and Britain have already had talks about Britain have already had talks about Britain have already had talks about what they might do should a war break what they might do should a war break what they might do should a war break out and we find ourselves working out and we find ourselves working out and we find ourselves working together wink wink nod nod and one of together wink wink nod nod and one of together wink wink nod nod and one of the things they agreed upon in principle the things they agreed upon in principle the things they agreed upon in principle was that if War breaks out we're in the was that if War breaks out we're in the was that if War breaks out we're in the second world war this whole big war second world war this whole big war second world war this whole big war we're going after Germany we're going after Germany we're going after Germany first in the history books there's a first in the history books there's a first in the history books there's a couple of different names for this couple of different names for this couple of different names for this policy some call it the Germany first policy some call it the Germany first policy some call it the Germany first policy others the Europe first policy policy others the Europe first policy policy others the Europe first policy but what it basically says is the Allies but what it basically says is the Allies but what it basically says is the Allies agree that the Germans are the number agree that the Germans are the number agree that the Germans are the number one enemy we're going to concentrate The one enemy we're going to concentrate The one enemy we're going to concentrate The Lion Share of Manpower resources Lion Share of Manpower resources Lion Share of Manpower resources attention money and lives to defeating attention money and lives to defeating attention money and lives to defeating the Germans and then after that's done the Germans and then after that's done the Germans and then after that's done we will go over and grind the Japanese we will go over and grind the Japanese we will go over and grind the Japanese to powder at our Leisure the agreement to powder at our Leisure the agreement to powder at our Leisure the agreement basically calls for a holding pattern in basically calls for a holding pattern in basically calls for a holding pattern in the Pacific while the Germans are the Pacific while the Germans are the Pacific while the Germans are defeated this will be reinforced and defeated this will be reinforced and defeated this will be reinforced and codified at a conference at the end of codified at a conference at the end of codified at a conference at the end of the year it's called the Arcadia the year it's called the Arcadia the year it's called the Arcadia conference by the way and Winston

conference by the way and Winston conference by the way and Winston Churchill takes a battleship over to uh Churchill takes a battleship over to uh Churchill takes a battleship over to uh the United States and has his wonderful the United States and has his wonderful the United States and has his wonderful moment where a lot of Americans fall in moment where a lot of Americans fall in moment where a lot of Americans fall in love with the chur chilian approach he love with the chur chilian approach he love with the chur chilian approach he goes to Congress and says those famous goes to Congress and says those famous goes to Congress and says those famous words I'll try to not butcher it here U words I'll try to not butcher it here U words I'll try to not butcher it here U but he says you know I can't help but but he says you know I can't help but but he says you know I can't help but think had my father been American and my think had my father been American and my think had my father been American and my mother British instead of the other way mother British instead of the other way mother British instead of the other way around I might have gotten here myself around I might have gotten here myself around I might have gotten here myself and you know everybody loves that and he and you know everybody loves that and he and you know everybody loves that and he goes and he brings a lot of his military goes and he brings a lot of his military goes and he brings a lot of his military uh staff with him and he and Roosevelt uh staff with him and he and Roosevelt uh staff with him and he and Roosevelt and the staffs of the United States and and the staffs of the United States and and the staffs of the United States and Great Britain meet Great Britain meet Great Britain meet for a putting together of a coalition for a putting together of a coalition for a putting together of a coalition military approach now let me stop for a military approach now let me stop for a military approach now let me stop for a minute and talk about how hard this is minute and talk about how hard this is minute and talk about how hard this is to do think about putting your country's to do think about putting your country's to do think about putting your country's troops under the command of another troops under the command of another troops under the command of another nation in any way shape and form it's a nation in any way shape and form it's a nation in any way shape and form it's a very hard thing to do I mean just look very hard thing to do I mean just look very hard thing to do I mean just look at the access powers for example and see at the access powers for example and see at the access powers for example and see how hard it's going to be to do they're how hard it's going to be to do they're how hard it's going to be to do they're Li lied to each other right Japan's in Li lied to each other right Japan's in Li lied to each other right Japan's in now but what can they do to help each now but what can they do to help each now but what can they do to help each other I mean they're so far away from other I mean they're so far away from other I mean they're so far away from each other you're not going to have each other you're not going to have each other you're not going to have verok troops as we said guarding Pacific verok troops as we said guarding Pacific verok troops as we said guarding Pacific Islands for the Japanese and you're not Islands for the Japanese and you're not Islands for the Japanese and you're not going to have the Imperial Japanese going to have the Imperial Japanese going to have the Imperial Japanese Fleet cruising around around the Fleet cruising around around the Fleet cruising around around the Mediterranean sinking British Mediterranean sinking British Mediterranean sinking British battleships either but in their defense battleships either but in their defense battleships either but in their defense it's hard to have these you know it's hard to have these you know it's hard to have these you know Coalition military organizations work so Coalition military organizations work so Coalition military organizations work so that's what makes what the US and that's what makes what the US and that's what makes what the US and Britain do at the Arcadia conference so Britain do at the Arcadia conference so Britain do at the Arcadia conference so Monumental they're able to craft an Monumental they're able to craft an Monumental they're able to craft an arrangement for how this war is going to

arrangement for how this war is going to arrangement for how this war is going to be fought and there are a lot of people be fought and there are a lot of people be fought and there are a lot of people whose noses get out of joint a lot of whose noses get out of joint a lot of whose noses get out of joint a lot of hard decisions to to be made but hard decisions to to be made but hard decisions to to be made but according to um Winston Churchill's according to um Winston Churchill's according to um Winston Churchill's doctor Lord Moren who was there uh doctor Lord Moren who was there uh doctor Lord Moren who was there uh Churchill was simply overwhelmed by the Churchill was simply overwhelmed by the Churchill was simply overwhelmed by the production figures that the US was production figures that the US was production figures that the US was promising he couldn't even see any of promising he couldn't even see any of promising he couldn't even see any of the getting their nose out of joint part the getting their nose out of joint part the getting their nose out of joint part of this and just so you know I've often of this and just so you know I've often of this and just so you know I've often thought about this because I was reading thought about this because I was reading thought about this because I was reading again and the image popped into my head again and the image popped into my head again and the image popped into my head of the analogy here and maybe it's of the analogy here and maybe it's of the analogy here and maybe it's because I've actually lived this analogy because I've actually lived this analogy because I've actually lived this analogy so I know how it feels like but so have so I know how it feels like but so have so I know how it feels like but so have many of you um it's almost as if the war many of you um it's almost as if the war many of you um it's almost as if the war effort to date without the Americans is effort to date without the Americans is effort to date without the Americans is like a a startup company that's gotten like a a startup company that's gotten like a a startup company that's gotten big and the people who were in it at the big and the people who were in it at the big and the people who were in it at the beginning really know what they're doing beginning really know what they're doing beginning really know what they're doing now and they're proud of their work and now and they're proud of their work and now and they're proud of their work and all these kinds of things and that would all these kinds of things and that would all these kinds of things and that would be the British and the allies and all be the British and the allies and all be the British and the allies and all this I mean after all they survived the this I mean after all they survived the this I mean after all they survived the Blitz and look at how well they're doing Blitz and look at how well they're doing Blitz and look at how well they're doing and they're and they're helping keep a and they're and they're helping keep a and they're and they're helping keep a lot of other nations in the war with lot of other nations in the war with lot of other nations in the war with Supply but they're I mean pushing to the Supply but they're I mean pushing to the Supply but they're I mean pushing to the end of their extremes I mean in terms of end of their extremes I mean in terms of end of their extremes I mean in terms of debt and resources and production and debt and resources and production and debt and resources and production and their own people's lives and all that their own people's lives and all that their own people's lives and all that kind of stuff and the United States is kind of stuff and the United States is kind of stuff and the United States is like the big outside investor who comes like the big outside investor who comes like the big outside investor who comes in got all the money so you have to in got all the money so you have to in got all the money so you have to listen to what they say at the same time listen to what they say at the same time listen to what they say at the same time it's a little bit ging to the people it's a little bit ging to the people it's a little bit ging to the people that have been there for some time to that have been there for some time to that have been there for some time to have these newbies come in and tell you have these newbies come in and tell you have these newbies come in and tell you how to do things no matter how much how to do things no matter how much how to do things no matter how much money they're money they're money they're providing the United States is going to providing the United States is going to providing the United States is going to have a very big footprint in this war have a very big footprint in this war have a very big footprint in this war and in the Pacific it's going to be and in the Pacific it's going to be and in the Pacific it's going to be overwhelmingly overwhelmingly overwhelmingly large but as Lord Moren said all

large but as Lord Moren said all large but as Lord Moren said all Churchill could see was all the tanks Churchill could see was all the tanks Churchill could see was all the tanks planes and ships that the United States planes and ships that the United States planes and ships that the United States was going to bring to the table that was was going to bring to the table that was was going to bring to the table that was going to ease finally this huge burden going to ease finally this huge burden going to ease finally this huge burden that the British had carried you know that the British had carried you know that the British had carried you know throughout the entire two plush years of throughout the entire two plush years of throughout the entire two plush years of the war so the war so the war so far in his book The Rising son author far in his book The Rising son author far in his book The Rising son author John Tolland quotes Churchill's John Tolland quotes Churchill's John Tolland quotes Churchill's physician Lord Moren about the Arcadia physician Lord Moren about the Arcadia physician Lord Moren about the Arcadia conference and the agreements on unity conference and the agreements on unity conference and the agreements on unity of command and all the hard decisions of command and all the hard decisions of command and all the hard decisions that have been worked out and he writes that have been worked out and he writes that have been worked out and he writes about it quote Arcadia lasted for about it quote Arcadia lasted for about it quote Arcadia lasted for another two weeks much had been another two weeks much had been another two weeks much had been accomplished but some of the British accomplished but some of the British accomplished but some of the British left disgruntled now quoting Lord Moren left disgruntled now quoting Lord Moren left disgruntled now quoting Lord Moren quote the Americans have got their way quote the Americans have got their way quote the Americans have got their way and the war will be run from Washington and the war will be run from Washington and the war will be run from Washington Lord Moren wrote in his diary but they Lord Moren wrote in his diary but they Lord Moren wrote in his diary but they will not be wise to push us so will not be wise to push us so will not be wise to push us so unceremoniously in the future our people unceremoniously in the future our people unceremoniously in the future our people are very unhappy about the decision and are very unhappy about the decision and are very unhappy about the decision and the most they will agree to is to try it the most they will agree to is to try it the most they will agree to is to try it out for a month end quot Tolland out for a month end quot Tolland out for a month end quot Tolland continues quote Churchill himself went continues quote Churchill himself went continues quote Churchill himself went home in great Good Humor exulting over home in great Good Humor exulting over home in great Good Humor exulting over the final joint production estimate the final joint production estimate the final joint production estimate reached at the conference 45,000 tanks reached at the conference 45,000 tanks reached at the conference 45,000 tanks and 43,000 planes in and 43,000 planes in and 43,000 planes in 1942 and 75,000 tanks and 100,000 planes 1942 and 75,000 tanks and 100,000 planes 1942 and 75,000 tanks and 100,000 planes the following year quote he is drunk the following year quote he is drunk the following year quote he is drunk with the figures commented Moren end with the figures commented Moren end with the figures commented Moren end quote well if you had been a startup quote well if you had been a startup quote well if you had been a startup company that company that company that avoided being liquidated already getting avoided being liquidated already getting avoided being liquidated already getting by by the skin of your

by by the skin of your by by the skin of your teeth and looking for teeth and looking for teeth and looking for every rope to grab onto to continue the every rope to grab onto to continue the every rope to grab onto to continue the struggle you might be drunk with the struggle you might be drunk with the struggle you might be drunk with the production numbers too all of a sudden production numbers too all of a sudden production numbers too all of a sudden the British don't have to worry about the British don't have to worry about the British don't have to worry about money and stuff anymore because the money and stuff anymore because the money and stuff anymore because the arsenal of democracy is going to provide arsenal of democracy is going to provide arsenal of democracy is going to provide that and having that and having that and having to put up with the enormous American to put up with the enormous American to put up with the enormous American footprint is just going to be the cost footprint is just going to be the cost footprint is just going to be the cost of doing business of doing business of doing business here now the whole time this AR Arcadia here now the whole time this AR Arcadia here now the whole time this AR Arcadia conference is going on and I should conference is going on and I should conference is going on and I should point out it will stretch from December point out it will stretch from December point out it will stretch from December 1941 into the new year of January 1941 into the new year of January 1941 into the new year of January 1942 the Allied footprint in East Asia 1942 the Allied footprint in East Asia 1942 the Allied footprint in East Asia and the Pacific and all those Central and the Pacific and all those Central and the Pacific and all those Central Pacific areas isn't growing it's Pacific areas isn't growing it's Pacific areas isn't growing it's shrinking by Leaps and Bounds the shrinking by Leaps and Bounds the shrinking by Leaps and Bounds the Japanese are taking Allied possessions Japanese are taking Allied possessions Japanese are taking Allied possessions at a speed that is shocking and from a at a speed that is shocking and from a at a speed that is shocking and from a military geek out perspective as I think military geek out perspective as I think military geek out perspective as I think I've said you it's hard to find anything I've said you it's hard to find anything I've said you it's hard to find anything like this because it appears almost like this because it appears almost like this because it appears almost Reckless the amount of operations that Reckless the amount of operations that Reckless the amount of operations that they have timed in an almost like Domino they have timed in an almost like Domino they have timed in an almost like Domino tumbling fashion try to try to sync up tumbling fashion try to try to sync up tumbling fashion try to try to sync up complicated events and you'll see how complicated events and you'll see how complicated events and you'll see how tough it is now try to sync up so many tough it is now try to sync up so many tough it is now try to sync up so many complicated events in such a short complicated events in such a short complicated events in such a short period of time that as historian Craig L period of time that as historian Craig L period of time that as historian Craig L Simons writes the Allies barely had time Simons writes the Allies barely had time Simons writes the Allies barely had time to catalog the advances of the Japanese

to catalog the advances of the Japanese to catalog the advances of the Japanese let alone respond let alone respond let alone respond effectively I can tell you that even effectively I can tell you that even effectively I can tell you that even trying to keep track of all the trying to keep track of all the trying to keep track of all the conquests on a timeline is confusing conquests on a timeline is confusing conquests on a timeline is confusing because they go on at the same time and because they go on at the same time and because they go on at the same time and they overlap and you have stories they overlap and you have stories they overlap and you have stories happening across a wide range of Asian happening across a wide range of Asian happening across a wide range of Asian and Pacific territories I mean take for and Pacific territories I mean take for and Pacific territories I mean take for example the first couple of days you're example the first couple of days you're example the first couple of days you're going to have attacks in Malaya which is going to have attacks in Malaya which is going to have attacks in Malaya which is now Malaysia you're going to have Hong now Malaysia you're going to have Hong now Malaysia you're going to have Hong Kong attacked you're going to have the Kong attacked you're going to have the Kong attacked you're going to have the Philippines attacked you're going to Philippines attacked you're going to Philippines attacked you're going to have the Gilbert Islands attacked you're have the Gilbert Islands attacked you're have the Gilbert Islands attacked you're going to have teraa attacked wake going to have teraa attacked wake going to have teraa attacked wake attacked Guam attacked Mak Island attacked Guam attacked Mak Island attacked Guam attacked Mak Island attacked sayam which is now Thailand attacked sayam which is now Thailand attacked sayam which is now Thailand invaded Burma invaded North Borneo invaded Burma invaded North Borneo invaded Burma invaded North Borneo invaded and that's just in December invaded and that's just in December invaded and that's just in December they're going to kick off another round they're going to kick off another round they're going to kick off another round of Conquest the next month it's of Conquest the next month it's of Conquest the next month it's astounding as I said it almost appears astounding as I said it almost appears astounding as I said it almost appears Reckless but at the same time there's a Reckless but at the same time there's a Reckless but at the same time there's a certain breathtaking this isn't there in certain breathtaking this isn't there in certain breathtaking this isn't there in the audacity of it all and then to be the audacity of it all and then to be the audacity of it all and then to be successful the fact that are successful successful the fact that are successful successful the fact that are successful this has been something that I think we this has been something that I think we this has been something that I think we mentioned people have been pointing mentioned people have been pointing mentioned people have been pointing fingers about all the time because fingers about all the time because fingers about all the time because there's all sorts of mistakes and there's all sorts of mistakes and there's all sorts of mistakes and problems and and all sorts of uh pre-war problems and and all sorts of uh pre-war problems and and all sorts of uh pre-war uh uh different theories on what the uh uh different theories on what the uh uh different theories on what the best thing to do is which the acid test best thing to do is which the acid test best thing to do is which the acid test of combat settles right we have an of combat settles right we have an of combat settles right we have an argument here between the wars about you argument here between the wars about you argument here between the wars about you know whether or not there should be know whether or not there should be know whether or not there should be defenses or whether defenses make the defenses or whether defenses make the defenses or whether defenses make the troops less aggressive who's right who's troops less aggressive who's right who's troops less aggressive who's right who's wrong well it's just one guy's opinion wrong well it's just one guy's opinion wrong well it's just one guy's opinion until Pearl Harbor right and then you until Pearl Harbor right and then you until Pearl Harbor right and then you begin to see some of these things worked begin to see some of these things worked begin to see some of these things worked out unfortunately as always it is the

out unfortunately as always it is the out unfortunately as always it is the average soldier on the ground who gets average soldier on the ground who gets average soldier on the ground who gets to pay the price right for to pay the price right for to pay the price right for underestimations Mis underestimations Mis underestimations Mis assessments or even something that today assessments or even something that today assessments or even something that today seems so obvious but that the racism of seems so obvious but that the racism of seems so obvious but that the racism of some of these people involved won't let some of these people involved won't let some of these people involved won't let them to assume that the Japanese are them to assume that the Japanese are them to assume that the Japanese are going to be as good Fighters as they are going to be as good Fighters as they are going to be as good Fighters as they are which means when they are again the which means when they are again the which means when they are again the troops on the ground suffer as we said troops on the ground suffer as we said troops on the ground suffer as we said the Brewster buffalos that are being the Brewster buffalos that are being the Brewster buffalos that are being shot down by the Japanese mitsub iish shot down by the Japanese mitsub iish shot down by the Japanese mitsub iish zero fighter planes all over this region zero fighter planes all over this region zero fighter planes all over this region don't just mean that the poor Pilots don't just mean that the poor Pilots don't just mean that the poor Pilots stuck in those flying coffins as they stuck in those flying coffins as they stuck in those flying coffins as they were sometimes called pay the price but were sometimes called pay the price but were sometimes called pay the price but then when there is no fighter cover for then when there is no fighter cover for then when there is no fighter cover for the Allies to defend the troops on the the Allies to defend the troops on the the Allies to defend the troops on the ground those zeros go strafing all day ground those zeros go strafing all day ground those zeros go strafing all day long matter of fact the one thing if you long matter of fact the one thing if you long matter of fact the one thing if you look at the primary source accounts from look at the primary source accounts from look at the primary source accounts from Allied soldiers during this first period Allied soldiers during this first period Allied soldiers during this first period it's it's interesting how often they it's it's interesting how often they it's it's interesting how often they talk about the Japanese aircraft just talk about the Japanese aircraft just talk about the Japanese aircraft just coming around a few times a day and coming around a few times a day and coming around a few times a day and strafing up everything and shooting up strafing up everything and shooting up strafing up everything and shooting up everything and the amount of chaos that everything and the amount of chaos that everything and the amount of chaos that causes and on a day-to-day basis how causes and on a day-to-day basis how causes and on a day-to-day basis how much it wears you down and let's much it wears you down and let's much it wears you down and let's remember there might have been some very remember there might have been some very remember there might have been some very veteran troops for example on the veteran troops for example on the veteran troops for example on the British Empire side of things in this British Empire side of things in this British Empire side of things in this area but the Americans for example in area but the Americans for example in area but the Americans for example in the Philippines most of those guys have the Philippines most of those guys have the Philippines most of those guys have never heard a shot fired in anger so never heard a shot fired in anger so never heard a shot fired in anger so when these planes come overhead and bomb when these planes come overhead and bomb when these planes come overhead and bomb and strafe all the time a lot of these and strafe all the time a lot of these and strafe all the time a lot of these people are seeing their first casualties people are seeing their first casualties people are seeing their first casualties and facing death for the first time it and facing death for the first time it and facing death for the first time it could be a little could be a little could be a little unnerving in Hong Kong you have a unnerving in Hong Kong you have a unnerving in Hong Kong you have a situation that will be replicated in a

situation that will be replicated in a situation that will be replicated in a bunch of these smaller Islands remember bunch of these smaller Islands remember bunch of these smaller Islands remember Hong Kong is smaller than the islands of Hong Kong is smaller than the islands of Hong Kong is smaller than the islands of aahu or Maui in Hawaii but they have aahu or Maui in Hawaii but they have aahu or Maui in Hawaii but they have like a million and a half people living like a million and a half people living like a million and a half people living on it so it's a very densely populated on it so it's a very densely populated on it so it's a very densely populated place but it's right off the coast of place but it's right off the coast of place but it's right off the coast of China and that Coastline of course China and that Coastline of course China and that Coastline of course during this time period is occupied by during this time period is occupied by during this time period is occupied by the Japanese all of these smaller the Japanese all of these smaller the Japanese all of these smaller islands are really tough to defend islands are really tough to defend islands are really tough to defend against determined attack right cuz you against determined attack right cuz you against determined attack right cuz you just surround them by the Sea and and just surround them by the Sea and and just surround them by the Sea and and pum I mean that's what makes the Wake pum I mean that's what makes the Wake pum I mean that's what makes the Wake Island defense by the US Marines such a Island defense by the US Marines such a Island defense by the US Marines such a big deal early on in this war it's one big deal early on in this war it's one big deal early on in this war it's one of the notches on the Marine Corps belt of the notches on the Marine Corps belt of the notches on the Marine Corps belt of heroism by the way one of their uh of heroism by the way one of their uh of heroism by the way one of their uh famous stories but I mean they deserve famous stories but I mean they deserve famous stories but I mean they deserve what they get I mean there's a few what they get I mean there's a few what they get I mean there's a few hundred Marines who when the Japanese hundred Marines who when the Japanese hundred Marines who when the Japanese show up uh they blow them out of the show up uh they blow them out of the show up uh they blow them out of the water kill several hundred uh Invaders water kill several hundred uh Invaders water kill several hundred uh Invaders they uh sink a destroyer or two damage a they uh sink a destroyer or two damage a they uh sink a destroyer or two damage a light Cruiser and provide one of the few light Cruiser and provide one of the few light Cruiser and provide one of the few bright spots in America newspapers that bright spots in America newspapers that bright spots in America newspapers that Americans are waking up to every day to Americans are waking up to every day to Americans are waking up to every day to you know bad news after bad news this you know bad news after bad news this you know bad news after bad news this Falls they're defeated here and all of a Falls they're defeated here and all of a Falls they're defeated here and all of a sudden on this tiny little island a few sudden on this tiny little island a few sudden on this tiny little island a few hundred Marines are able to provide some hundred Marines are able to provide some hundred Marines are able to provide some good good good news the Good News by the way uh one of news the Good News by the way uh one of news the Good News by the way uh one of my historians was that I read had said my historians was that I read had said my historians was that I read had said that this is obviously you know just the that this is obviously you know just the that this is obviously you know just the the propaganda arm of the US media the propaganda arm of the US media the propaganda arm of the US media trying to you know Jin up some good trying to you know Jin up some good trying to you know Jin up some good stuff and it says that when the American stuff and it says that when the American stuff and it says that when the American government or military cabled the government or military cabled the government or military cabled the Marines on wake and said you know do you Marines on wake and said you know do you Marines on wake and said you know do you need anything the Marines reportedly need anything the Marines reportedly need anything the Marines reportedly sent a message back saying yes send more sent a message back saying yes send more sent a message back saying yes send more Japs and the historian said it was very

Japs and the historian said it was very Japs and the historian said it was very unlikely that they really wanted more unlikely that they really wanted more unlikely that they really wanted more Japanese because after all in a very Japanese because after all in a very Japanese because after all in a very short period of time before the us could short period of time before the us could short period of time before the us could Mount any kind of rescue or Mount any kind of rescue or Mount any kind of rescue or reinforcement operation they got more reinforcement operation they got more reinforcement operation they got more Japanese they got aircraft carriers an Japanese they got aircraft carriers an Japanese they got aircraft carriers an overwhelming force and they were already overwhelming force and they were already overwhelming force and they were already the Marines running out of ammunition so the Marines running out of ammunition so the Marines running out of ammunition so they end up having to capitulate in a they end up having to capitulate in a they end up having to capitulate in a situation where and again they've got situation where and again they've got situation where and again they've got this on the belt of heroism so it wasn't this on the belt of heroism so it wasn't this on the belt of heroism so it wasn't for for no reason but a lot more marines for for no reason but a lot more marines for for no reason but a lot more marines died for the same outcome than maybe died for the same outcome than maybe died for the same outcome than maybe would have had to uh in a different would have had to uh in a different would have had to uh in a different circumstance I mean this is something circumstance I mean this is something circumstance I mean this is something you're going to see replicated all over you're going to see replicated all over you're going to see replicated all over the region during this first Japanese the region during this first Japanese the region during this first Japanese Blitz Creek period because you're going Blitz Creek period because you're going Blitz Creek period because you're going to have group of Allied soldiers after to have group of Allied soldiers after to have group of Allied soldiers after group of Allied soldiers in situations group of Allied soldiers in situations group of Allied soldiers in situations where they pay a much higher price than where they pay a much higher price than where they pay a much higher price than they would have had to had people been they would have had to had people been they would have had to had people been able to Simply acknowledge the reality able to Simply acknowledge the reality able to Simply acknowledge the reality of the situation this is the situation of the situation this is the situation of the situation this is the situation Hong Kong's in for example you wish it's Hong Kong's in for example you wish it's Hong Kong's in for example you wish it's like 1740 or like 1740 or like 1740 or 50 and you have maybe the British and 50 and you have maybe the British and 50 and you have maybe the British and the French going at it and and the the French going at it and and the the French going at it and and the British commander Lord Cornwallis type British commander Lord Cornwallis type British commander Lord Cornwallis type figure says well Hong Kong's figure says well Hong Kong's figure says well Hong Kong's indefensible we know it they know it so indefensible we know it they know it so indefensible we know it they know it so I'm going to go out and I'm going to I'm going to go out and I'm going to I'm going to go out and I'm going to hand my sword to the French General and hand my sword to the French General and hand my sword to the French General and I'm going to say uh please take care of I'm going to say uh please take care of I'm going to say uh please take care of the civilians we surrender there's no the civilians we surrender there's no the civilians we surrender there's no way for us to win this time better luck way for us to win this time better luck way for us to win this time better luck next time we'll get you uh you can't do next time we'll get you uh you can't do next time we'll get you uh you can't do that for all sorts of reasons number one that for all sorts of reasons number one that for all sorts of reasons number one reason is something we talked about reason is something we talked about reason is something we talked about earlier the British and the Americans earlier the British and the Americans earlier the British and the Americans have sort of different goals at the very have sort of different goals at the very have sort of different goals at the very last fork in the road here there's a lot last fork in the road here there's a lot last fork in the road here there's a lot of things they see eye to eye on this is of things they see eye to eye on this is of things they see eye to eye on this is the second world war in 20 years after

the second world war in 20 years after the second world war in 20 years after all where they've been working together all where they've been working together all where they've been working together as either official allies or pseudo as either official allies or pseudo as either official allies or pseudo allies nonetheless at the very last fork allies nonetheless at the very last fork allies nonetheless at the very last fork in the road Winston Churchill who lets in the road Winston Churchill who lets in the road Winston Churchill who lets understand and Americans forget this is understand and Americans forget this is understand and Americans forget this is a politician he's a politician on the a politician he's a politician on the a politician he's a politician on the very very very conservative side of the very very very conservative side of the very very very conservative side of the British Ledger during this time period British Ledger during this time period British Ledger during this time period he outc conservatives other he outc conservatives other he outc conservatives other conservatives and he is fully a man of conservatives and he is fully a man of conservatives and he is fully a man of the 19th century when it comes to his the 19th century when it comes to his the 19th century when it comes to his Val values and Outlook and his Victorian Val values and Outlook and his Victorian Val values and Outlook and his Victorian Empire sorts of views he's a man who Empire sorts of views he's a man who Empire sorts of views he's a man who wants to preserve the British Empire wants to preserve the British Empire wants to preserve the British Empire he's got guys on the opposite side of he's got guys on the opposite side of he's got guys on the opposite side of parliament who are thinking that Empire parliament who are thinking that Empire parliament who are thinking that Empire is a concept that's not going to last is a concept that's not going to last is a concept that's not going to last much longer so how do you get a soft much longer so how do you get a soft much longer so how do you get a soft Landing from it right but in a place Landing from it right but in a place Landing from it right but in a place like Hong Kong British Prestige is on like Hong Kong British Prestige is on like Hong Kong British Prestige is on the line the people who live there the the line the people who live there the the line the people who live there the 1.5 million civilians or whatever are 1.5 million civilians or whatever are 1.5 million civilians or whatever are under the protection of the British under the protection of the British under the protection of the British government that's a Crown Colony which government that's a Crown Colony which government that's a Crown Colony which means that British Prestige is at stake means that British Prestige is at stake means that British Prestige is at stake and this prestige thing is a weird and this prestige thing is a weird and this prestige thing is a weird amorphous quality isn't it it's amorphous quality isn't it it's amorphous quality isn't it it's something tangible in the sense that something tangible in the sense that something tangible in the sense that it's one of the things that every it's one of the things that every it's one of the things that every historian writing about colonialism will historian writing about colonialism will historian writing about colonialism will identify as one of the pillars holding identify as one of the pillars holding identify as one of the pillars holding up colonial domination because the up colonial domination because the up colonial domination because the reason a country can hold down a nation reason a country can hold down a nation reason a country can hold down a nation of many many many millions of people of many many many millions of people of many many many millions of people with a tiny little force from the mother with a tiny little force from the mother with a tiny little force from the mother country and some mutually beneficial country and some mutually beneficial country and some mutually beneficial deals with local Elites is in part deals with local Elites is in part deals with local Elites is in part because of the prestige involved the because of the prestige involved the because of the prestige involved the British or the greatest Colonial Empire British or the greatest Colonial Empire British or the greatest Colonial Empire that has ever been that has ever been that has ever been and this wasn't just the self opinion of and this wasn't just the self opinion of and this wasn't just the self opinion of the British people themselves many of

the British people themselves many of the British people themselves many of the people that they governed felt the the people that they governed felt the the people that they governed felt the same way and it was very important for same way and it was very important for same way and it was very important for the continuation of the British Empire the continuation of the British Empire the continuation of the British Empire that they continue to feel this way in that they continue to feel this way in that they continue to feel this way in his book hirohito's War author Francis his book hirohito's War author Francis his book hirohito's War author Francis Pike quotes something written by the man Pike quotes something written by the man Pike quotes something written by the man who will later beh hailed as the who will later beh hailed as the who will later beh hailed as the founding father of Singapore Lewan Yu founding father of Singapore Lewan Yu founding father of Singapore Lewan Yu where he talks about the view they had where he talks about the view they had where he talks about the view they had of the British before the invasion of of the British before the invasion of of the British before the invasion of Malaya and you wrote Malaya and you wrote Malaya and you wrote quote the superior status of the British quote the superior status of the British quote the superior status of the British government and Society was simply a fact government and Society was simply a fact government and Society was simply a fact of life after all they were the greatest of life after all they were the greatest of life after all they were the greatest people in the world they had the biggest people in the world they had the biggest people in the world they had the biggest empire that history had ever known empire that history had ever known empire that history had ever known stretching over all time zones across stretching over all time zones across stretching over all time zones across all four oceans and five continents we all four oceans and five continents we all four oceans and five continents we learned that in history lessons at learned that in history lessons at learned that in history lessons at school I was brought up by my parents school I was brought up by my parents school I was brought up by my parents and grandparents to accept that this was and grandparents to accept that this was and grandparents to accept that this was the natural Order of the natural Order of the natural Order of Things end Things end Things end quote if their Prestige were to somehow quote if their Prestige were to somehow quote if their Prestige were to somehow crumble it's not an amorphous thing it's crumble it's not an amorphous thing it's crumble it's not an amorphous thing it's going to mean going to mean going to mean lives all over the British Empire lives all over the British Empire lives all over the British Empire nonwhite people are watching the nonwhite people are watching the nonwhite people are watching the Japanese punch the greatest people in Japanese punch the greatest people in Japanese punch the greatest people in the world according to some of the the world according to some of the the world according to some of the people who grew up under British Empire people who grew up under British Empire people who grew up under British Empire rule in the nose and it is something rule in the nose and it is something rule in the nose and it is something Winston Churchill in the books that he Winston Churchill in the books that he Winston Churchill in the books that he penned in 1949 1950 he says in this time

penned in 1949 1950 he says in this time penned in 1949 1950 he says in this time period when Manpower is absolutely at a period when Manpower is absolutely at a period when Manpower is absolutely at a premium that he would like to divert premium that he would like to divert premium that he would like to divert some forces to India and then tells the some forces to India and then tells the some forces to India and then tells the commander that he's writing the letter commander that he's writing the letter commander that he's writing the letter to that he publishes in his own history to that he publishes in his own history to that he publishes in his own history that they don't have to be fully that they don't have to be fully that they don't have to be fully equipped to take on the Japanese because equipped to take on the Japanese because equipped to take on the Japanese because they're not there to take on the they're not there to take on the they're not there to take on the Japanese they're there to handle any Japanese they're there to handle any Japanese they're there to handle any revolts by the Indians who during this revolts by the Indians who during this revolts by the Indians who during this time period are under the control of time period are under the control of time period are under the control of Britain they're part of the British Britain they're part of the British Britain they're part of the British Empire although they they are this is Empire although they they are this is Empire although they they are this is the era where Gandhi is rising to the the era where Gandhi is rising to the the era where Gandhi is rising to the four this is the era where the simmering four this is the era where the simmering four this is the era where the simmering and bubbling long-term Indian cry for and bubbling long-term Indian cry for and bubbling long-term Indian cry for Independence is becoming much much more Independence is becoming much much more Independence is becoming much much more uh heated and angry and loud and Winston uh heated and angry and loud and Winston uh heated and angry and loud and Winston Churchill as this you know old-fashioned Churchill as this you know old-fashioned Churchill as this you know old-fashioned British Empire supporter wants to make British Empire supporter wants to make British Empire supporter wants to make sure that the war AIMS in this conflict sure that the war AIMS in this conflict sure that the war AIMS in this conflict include protecting his vision of what he include protecting his vision of what he include protecting his vision of what he wants to outlive this war and that's not wants to outlive this war and that's not wants to outlive this war and that's not really something that's part of the really something that's part of the really something that's part of the American priority list in a place like American priority list in a place like American priority list in a place like Hong Kong though it determines why there Hong Kong though it determines why there Hong Kong though it determines why there has to be some sort of resistance put up has to be some sort of resistance put up has to be some sort of resistance put up and there is there's 14 or 15,000 and there is there's 14 or 15,000 and there is there's 14 or 15,000 defenders in Hong Kong but it's such a defenders in Hong Kong but it's such a defenders in Hong Kong but it's such a tiny Island and the Japanese have tiny Island and the Japanese have tiny Island and the Japanese have overwhelming Force right over this overwhelming Force right over this overwhelming Force right over this little strip of water they control the little strip of water they control the little strip of water they control the air they control the sea and very air they control the sea and very air they control the sea and very shortly after attacking Hong Kong they shortly after attacking Hong Kong they shortly after attacking Hong Kong they get control of the water supply and then get control of the water supply and then get control of the water supply and then it's game over then you're looking at a it's game over then you're looking at a it's game over then you're looking at a Siege from the Middle Ages right and Siege from the Middle Ages right and Siege from the Middle Ages right and everybody dying of thirst I'm something everybody dying of thirst I'm something everybody dying of thirst I'm something ridiculous and that can't happen so Hong ridiculous and that can't happen so Hong ridiculous and that can't happen so Hong Kong is surrendered by Christmas by the

Kong is surrendered by Christmas by the Kong is surrendered by Christmas by the way way way 1941 in Malaya where Japanese troops are 1941 in Malaya where Japanese troops are 1941 in Malaya where Japanese troops are actually disembarking from their actually disembarking from their actually disembarking from their amphibious assault vehicles in the amphibious assault vehicles in the amphibious assault vehicles in the middle of the night before the Pearl middle of the night before the Pearl middle of the night before the Pearl Harbor attack even happens they storm Harbor attack even happens they storm Harbor attack even happens they storm the beach at a place called kotabaru in the beach at a place called kotabaru in the beach at a place called kotabaru in Northern Malaya now Northern Malaysia Northern Malaya now Northern Malaysia Northern Malaya now Northern Malaysia sort of up by the border with Thailand sort of up by the border with Thailand sort of up by the border with Thailand uh they they actually have a defended uh they they actually have a defended uh they they actually have a defended Beach there which would which will be Beach there which would which will be Beach there which would which will be rare in Malaya where the Japanese won't rare in Malaya where the Japanese won't rare in Malaya where the Japanese won't have to face a lot of prepared or have to face a lot of prepared or have to face a lot of prepared or certainly long-term prepared defenses certainly long-term prepared defenses certainly long-term prepared defenses but they're at this beach and so the but they're at this beach and so the but they're at this beach and so the Japanese land four five 6,000 guys in Japanese land four five 6,000 guys in Japanese land four five 6,000 guys in the middle of the night and run into the middle of the night and run into the middle of the night and run into landmines on the beach barbed wire pill landmines on the beach barbed wire pill landmines on the beach barbed wire pill boxes with machine guns artillery boxes with machine guns artillery boxes with machine guns artillery sighted on the beach the whole nine sighted on the beach the whole nine sighted on the beach the whole nine yards right it's like a mini Saving yards right it's like a mini Saving yards right it's like a mini Saving Private Ryan a storm the defenses kind Private Ryan a storm the defenses kind Private Ryan a storm the defenses kind of deal in his book The Battle for of deal in his book The Battle for of deal in his book The Battle for Singapore Author Peter Thompson recounts Singapore Author Peter Thompson recounts Singapore Author Peter Thompson recounts this storming and in it he has the this storming and in it he has the this storming and in it he has the troops I mean it really does sound like troops I mean it really does sound like troops I mean it really does sound like all these similar kinds of assaults all these similar kinds of assaults all these similar kinds of assaults because what happens is the first wave because what happens is the first wave because what happens is the first wave sort of storms onto the beach from the sort of storms onto the beach from the sort of storms onto the beach from the from the ships at Sea the the transports from the ships at Sea the the transports from the ships at Sea the the transports and they run as fast as they can toward and they run as fast as they can toward and they run as fast as they can toward the enemy and then eventually they run the enemy and then eventually they run the enemy and then eventually they run into the first line of defenses they're into the first line of defenses they're into the first line of defenses they're getting blown up by the landmines but getting blown up by the landmines but getting blown up by the landmines but when they run into like the barbed wire when they run into like the barbed wire when they run into like the barbed wire they all have to stop for a minute and they all have to stop for a minute and they all have to stop for a minute and start working on the barbed wire so they start working on the barbed wire so they start working on the barbed wire so they go right to the ground because there's a go right to the ground because there's a go right to the ground because there's a storm of steel flying over their head storm of steel flying over their head storm of steel flying over their head right but what ends up happening is then right but what ends up happening is then right but what ends up happening is then the next wave disembarking from the the next wave disembarking from the the next wave disembarking from the transports does the same thing they run transports does the same thing they run transports does the same thing they run across the beach and then they have to

across the beach and then they have to across the beach and then they have to stop where the previous wave stopped so stop where the previous wave stopped so stop where the previous wave stopped so you start to get this bunching up effect you start to get this bunching up effect you start to get this bunching up effect where the artillery is just going to where the artillery is just going to where the artillery is just going to have a field day if it can start have a field day if it can start have a field day if it can start dropping shells into the middle of this dropping shells into the middle of this dropping shells into the middle of this you know crowd of prone men Thompson you know crowd of prone men Thompson you know crowd of prone men Thompson recounts how and this is the kind of recounts how and this is the kind of recounts how and this is the kind of thing that interestingly enough makes it thing that interestingly enough makes it thing that interestingly enough makes it into history books sometimes how how one into history books sometimes how how one into history books sometimes how how one Japanese soldier suicidally throws Japanese soldier suicidally throws Japanese soldier suicidally throws himself over the VIS the vision slit in himself over the VIS the vision slit in himself over the VIS the vision slit in one one of these pill boxes so that the one one of these pill boxes so that the one one of these pill boxes so that the machine gunner inside can't see for a machine gunner inside can't see for a machine gunner inside can't see for a minute cuz there's a you know a body minute cuz there's a you know a body minute cuz there's a you know a body blocking the view so that the Japanese blocking the view so that the Japanese blocking the view so that the Japanese who's just suicidally sacrificed his who's just suicidally sacrificed his who's just suicidally sacrificed his life his buddies can go into the pill life his buddies can go into the pill life his buddies can go into the pill box with bayonets and Hand Grenades and box with bayonets and Hand Grenades and box with bayonets and Hand Grenades and clear the thing clear the thing clear the thing out this is a confirmation for some of out this is a confirmation for some of out this is a confirmation for some of these Allied troops and we should these Allied troops and we should these Allied troops and we should remember this is the first time in remember this is the first time in remember this is the first time in history you've had either Anglo or history you've had either Anglo or history you've had either Anglo or American troops fighting Japanese forces American troops fighting Japanese forces American troops fighting Japanese forces so there's a lot of uh myths and um so there's a lot of uh myths and um so there's a lot of uh myths and um assessments and you know in the same way assessments and you know in the same way assessments and you know in the same way that the British forces on board those that the British forces on board those that the British forces on board those two Capital ships that were sunk on the two Capital ships that were sunk on the two Capital ships that were sunk on the 10th get to find out you know how many 10th get to find out you know how many 10th get to find out you know how many of their assumptions about Japanese of their assumptions about Japanese of their assumptions about Japanese capabilities are wrong Allied Forces on capabilities are wrong Allied Forces on capabilities are wrong Allied Forces on the ground get to find this out now that the ground get to find this out now that the ground get to find this out now that they're locking horns with Japanese they're locking horns with Japanese they're locking horns with Japanese forces too some of the rumors are true forces too some of the rumors are true forces too some of the rumors are true they are fanatical they are more willing they are fanatical they are more willing they are fanatical they are more willing to lay down their lives than any other to lay down their lives than any other to lay down their lives than any other Army any other major Army certainly you Army any other major Army certainly you Army any other major Army certainly you can think of that Peter Thompson story can think of that Peter Thompson story can think of that Peter Thompson story is an example of of how a general maybe is an example of of how a general maybe is an example of of how a general maybe can actually plan to use the lives of can actually plan to use the lives of can actually plan to use the lives of his soldiers that way like an arrow in his soldiers that way like an arrow in his soldiers that way like an arrow in his command quiver and it's been very his command quiver and it's been very his command quiver and it's been very interesting reading some of the various interesting reading some of the various interesting reading some of the various ideas about you know both what accounts

ideas about you know both what accounts ideas about you know both what accounts for this and and what it does in a for this and and what it does in a for this and and what it does in a military sense first of all we had spent military sense first of all we had spent military sense first of all we had spent some time earlier discussing how there some time earlier discussing how there some time earlier discussing how there was already a long Japanese cultural uh was already a long Japanese cultural uh was already a long Japanese cultural uh uniqueness when it comes to duty and uniqueness when it comes to duty and uniqueness when it comes to duty and loyalty and willing to sacrifice one's loyalty and willing to sacrifice one's loyalty and willing to sacrifice one's life and all these kinds of things and life and all these kinds of things and life and all these kinds of things and suicide even but then you get this era suicide even but then you get this era suicide even but then you get this era with this modern government with this with this modern government with this with this modern government with this ting of totalitarianism involved that ting of totalitarianism involved that ting of totalitarianism involved that sees this as a way to to infuse an sees this as a way to to infuse an sees this as a way to to infuse an ancient Samurai spirit with a ancient Samurai spirit with a ancient Samurai spirit with a willingness to lay down your life it's willingness to lay down your life it's willingness to lay down your life it's it's it's a fusion of old and new ideas it's it's a fusion of old and new ideas it's it's a fusion of old and new ideas that creates a situation where the that creates a situation where the that creates a situation where the expectation level is amongst all these expectation level is amongst all these expectation level is amongst all these soldiers that this is something you're soldiers that this is something you're soldiers that this is something you're expected to do and willingly and without expected to do and willingly and without expected to do and willingly and without hesitation and historian Eric bergeret hesitation and historian Eric bergeret hesitation and historian Eric bergeret in his rundown says this is something in his rundown says this is something in his rundown says this is something that Western troops simply would not do that Western troops simply would not do that Western troops simply would not do they simply would not follow an order they simply would not follow an order they simply would not follow an order that was suicidal and gave them no way that was suicidal and gave them no way that was suicidal and gave them no way out out out he writes quote the extreme veneration he writes quote the extreme veneration he writes quote the extreme veneration of death of the Japanese was unique and of death of the Japanese was unique and of death of the Japanese was unique and came dangerously close to becoming a came dangerously close to becoming a came dangerously close to becoming a cult of Oblivion it struck at the very cult of Oblivion it struck at the very cult of Oblivion it struck at the very nature of the warrior code AS understood nature of the warrior code AS understood nature of the warrior code AS understood in the West in the west death in war had in the West in the west death in war had in the West in the west death in war had value only if it had purpose soldiers value only if it had purpose soldiers value only if it had purpose soldiers were asked to risk their lives in battle were asked to risk their lives in battle were asked to risk their lives in battle not commit suicide an officer not commit suicide an officer not commit suicide an officer intentionally putting his men in a intentionally putting his men in a intentionally putting his men in a position where they had no reasonable position where they had no reasonable position where they had no reasonable chance of survival would not be obeyed chance of survival would not be obeyed chance of survival would not be obeyed in a western Army end quote he then goes in a western Army end quote he then goes in a western Army end quote he then goes on to talk about you know the centuries on to talk about you know the centuries on to talk about you know the centuries of time it took to develop you know the of time it took to develop you know the of time it took to develop you know the code of honorable surrender and how this

code of honorable surrender and how this code of honorable surrender and how this surrender code that was understood in surrender code that was understood in surrender code that was understood in Europe helped prevent the worst of the Europe helped prevent the worst of the Europe helped prevent the worst of the atrocities and and was good for both atrocities and and was good for both atrocities and and was good for both sides right you got to save the men who sides right you got to save the men who sides right you got to save the men who were surrendered lived you didn't have were surrendered lived you didn't have were surrendered lived you didn't have to spend more troops killing them all to spend more troops killing them all to spend more troops killing them all off so mutually beneficial understood off so mutually beneficial understood off so mutually beneficial understood long-term military custom and burgered long-term military custom and burgered long-term military custom and burgered says the Japanese saw this as a sign of says the Japanese saw this as a sign of says the Japanese saw this as a sign of weakness burgered says something else weakness burgered says something else weakness burgered says something else that's interesting he portrays the that's interesting he portrays the that's interesting he portrays the average Japanese soldiers put into these average Japanese soldiers put into these average Japanese soldiers put into these positions as almost a victim too and positions as almost a victim too and positions as almost a victim too and we've talked endlessly haven't we about we've talked endlessly haven't we about we've talked endlessly haven't we about people who get caught in the gears of people who get caught in the gears of people who get caught in the gears of History right the place you're born in History right the place you're born in History right the place you're born in the time you're born in a lot of people the time you're born in a lot of people the time you're born in a lot of people in all these second world war armies are in all these second world war armies are in all these second world war armies are just human beings put in extreme just human beings put in extreme just human beings put in extreme situations where they're expected to situations where they're expected to situations where they're expected to behave a certain way and they often have behave a certain way and they often have behave a certain way and they often have limited options what's more sometimes limited options what's more sometimes limited options what's more sometimes they don't even see that they have such they don't even see that they have such they don't even see that they have such limited options because they were raised limited options because they were raised limited options because they were raised in an environment with customs with in an environment with customs with in an environment with customs with carrots and sticks in their society that carrots and sticks in their society that carrots and sticks in their society that sort of set them on a path like we all sort of set them on a path like we all sort of set them on a path like we all have with cultural blinders on in other have with cultural blinders on in other have with cultural blinders on in other words these Japanese soldiers May indeed words these Japanese soldiers May indeed words these Japanese soldiers May indeed be victims but they may not have seen be victims but they may not have seen be victims but they may not have seen themselves that way burgered writes themselves that way burgered writes themselves that way burgered writes quote the Japanese Army did nothing quote the Japanese Army did nothing quote the Japanese Army did nothing blatantly suicidal on the Strategic blatantly suicidal on the Strategic blatantly suicidal on the Strategic level in the south Pacific as we shall level in the south Pacific as we shall level in the south Pacific as we shall see it went to Great Lengths to evacuate see it went to Great Lengths to evacuate see it went to Great Lengths to evacuate isolated units and retreated when isolated units and retreated when isolated units and retreated when conditions demanded it tactically he conditions demanded it tactically he conditions demanded it tactically he writes the situation was very different writes the situation was very different writes the situation was very different Time After Time Japanese soldiers fought

Time After Time Japanese soldiers fought Time After Time Japanese soldiers fought when circumstances for the unit involved when circumstances for the unit involved when circumstances for the unit involved were hopeless the slight delay caused to were hopeless the slight delay caused to were hopeless the slight delay caused to the Allies almost never had genuine the Allies almost never had genuine the Allies almost never had genuine purpose it was an exercise rather in purpose it was an exercise rather in purpose it was an exercise rather in mutual blood letting that had no reason mutual blood letting that had no reason mutual blood letting that had no reason Beyond fulfilling the requirements of Beyond fulfilling the requirements of Beyond fulfilling the requirements of soldierly Honor as the Japanese saw it soldierly Honor as the Japanese saw it soldierly Honor as the Japanese saw it thousands of men perished consequently thousands of men perished consequently thousands of men perished consequently for no reason it was a form of political for no reason it was a form of political for no reason it was a form of political murder most of the victims wearing murder most of the victims wearing murder most of the victims wearing Japanese uniforms by breaking down the Japanese uniforms by breaking down the Japanese uniforms by breaking down the fragile restraint afforded by honorable fragile restraint afforded by honorable fragile restraint afforded by honorable surrender he writes the Japanese opened surrender he writes the Japanese opened surrender he writes the Japanese opened the floodgates for war without Mercy as the floodgates for war without Mercy as the floodgates for war without Mercy as we shall examine later their Australian we shall examine later their Australian we shall examine later their Australian and American opponents proved rather and American opponents proved rather and American opponents proved rather good at the new rules end quote good at the new rules end quote good at the new rules end quote you can see the war without Mercy you can see the war without Mercy you can see the war without Mercy element on display with hindsight element on display with hindsight element on display with hindsight now in the first places that fall to the now in the first places that fall to the now in the first places that fall to the Japanese during this initial offensive Japanese during this initial offensive Japanese during this initial offensive in fact as we've already talked about in fact as we've already talked about in fact as we've already talked about you see it in China years before this you see it in China years before this you see it in China years before this but the Allies get a firsthand taste of but the Allies get a firsthand taste of but the Allies get a firsthand taste of it even when Hong Kong Falls and there it even when Hong Kong Falls and there it even when Hong Kong Falls and there are already going to be atrocities or are already going to be atrocities or are already going to be atrocities or rumors begin to leak out of the Japanese rumors begin to leak out of the Japanese rumors begin to leak out of the Japanese executing PWS and whatnot those rumors executing PWS and whatnot those rumors executing PWS and whatnot those rumors will get stronger as the number of will get stronger as the number of will get stronger as the number of places that fall continues to pile up places that fall continues to pile up places that fall continues to pile up that Japanese landing at kotabaru on that Japanese landing at kotabaru on that Japanese landing at kotabaru on December 8th 1941 December 7th 1941 on December 8th 1941 December 7th 1941 on December 8th 1941 December 7th 1941 on the other side of the international dat the other side of the international dat the other side of the international dat line will quickly be followed by an line will quickly be followed by an line will quickly be followed by an advanced Inland another Landing that

advanced Inland another Landing that advanced Inland another Landing that goes into Thailand and then goes to the goes into Thailand and then goes to the goes into Thailand and then goes to the other coast of Malaya and very quickly other coast of Malaya and very quickly other coast of Malaya and very quickly the Japanese begin conquering their way the Japanese begin conquering their way the Japanese begin conquering their way down both the long coasts of the Malayan down both the long coasts of the Malayan down both the long coasts of the Malayan Peninsula right 600 mil long jungle on Peninsula right 600 mil long jungle on Peninsula right 600 mil long jungle on both sides with a mountain range sort of both sides with a mountain range sort of both sides with a mountain range sort of running down the middle and at the very running down the middle and at the very running down the middle and at the very tip of this 600m long Peninsula on the tip of this 600m long Peninsula on the tip of this 600m long Peninsula on the opposite end of the peninsula from where opposite end of the peninsula from where opposite end of the peninsula from where the Japanese are now is the Fortress the Japanese are now is the Fortress the Japanese are now is the Fortress island of Singapore the Gibralter of the island of Singapore the Gibralter of the island of Singapore the Gibralter of the East as some call it and the place where East as some call it and the place where East as some call it and the place where so many who really don't know the inside so many who really don't know the inside so many who really don't know the inside scoop are placing their hopes for a scoop are placing their hopes for a scoop are placing their hopes for a worst case scenario of stopping the worst case scenario of stopping the worst case scenario of stopping the Japanese there of course there's a lot Japanese there of course there's a lot Japanese there of course there's a lot of people thinking the Japanese aren't of people thinking the Japanese aren't of people thinking the Japanese aren't going to get anywhere near a PO because going to get anywhere near a PO because going to get anywhere near a PO because there's lots of Allied troops here in there's lots of Allied troops here in there's lots of Allied troops here in Malaya to stop the Japanese right where Malaya to stop the Japanese right where Malaya to stop the Japanese right where they are and then the Japanese start they are and then the Japanese start they are and then the Japanese start blowing through them like in so many of blowing through them like in so many of blowing through them like in so many of these cases in this phase of the war these cases in this phase of the war these cases in this phase of the war what you see on paper if you're a what you see on paper if you're a what you see on paper if you're a general on the Allied side where you see general on the Allied side where you see general on the Allied side where you see these units that look like they should these units that look like they should these units that look like they should be able to put up a good fight um has be able to put up a good fight um has be able to put up a good fight um has very little connection to what's very little connection to what's very little connection to what's actually on the ground you'll see this actually on the ground you'll see this actually on the ground you'll see this in the Philippines too which by the way in the Philippines too which by the way in the Philippines too which by the way will be invaded uh the first Islands will be invaded uh the first Islands will be invaded uh the first Islands will be invaded almost simultaneously will be invaded almost simultaneously will be invaded almost simultaneously with the Pearl Harbor attacks and then with the Pearl Harbor attacks and then with the Pearl Harbor attacks and then the Japanese will have Landings you know the Japanese will have Landings you know the Japanese will have Landings you know one one this week another week you'll one one this week another week you'll one one this week another week you'll have another I mean you can't even keep have another I mean you can't even keep have another I mean you can't even keep track of all the landings they do but track of all the landings they do but track of all the landings they do but there are going to be forces there that there are going to be forces there that there are going to be forces there that the commanders you know sitting back the commanders you know sitting back the commanders you know sitting back miles and miles and miles away at miles and miles and miles away at miles and miles and miles away at headquarters think these units are going

headquarters think these units are going headquarters think these units are going to be able to resist the Japanese on the to be able to resist the Japanese on the to be able to resist the Japanese on the beach when as several of these books beach when as several of these books beach when as several of these books that have nothing to do except talk that have nothing to do except talk that have nothing to do except talk about these early stages of the about these early stages of the about these early stages of the Philippine conflict point out a lot of Philippine conflict point out a lot of Philippine conflict point out a lot of these soldiers were newly raised and a these soldiers were newly raised and a these soldiers were newly raised and a lot of these units expected to defend lot of these units expected to defend lot of these units expected to defend the beaches against these veteran the beaches against these veteran the beaches against these veteran Japanese Landing forces had never even Japanese Landing forces had never even Japanese Landing forces had never even seen the weapons or the ammunition that seen the weapons or the ammunition that seen the weapons or the ammunition that they were expected to use to defend the they were expected to use to defend the they were expected to use to defend the beach first time they saw it is when the beach first time they saw it is when the beach first time they saw it is when the Japanese are right offshore how's that Japanese are right offshore how's that Japanese are right offshore how's that going to work didn't work out well the going to work didn't work out well the going to work didn't work out well the Japanese landed in the Philippines they Japanese landed in the Philippines they Japanese landed in the Philippines they start moving start moving start moving Inland and again you can't keep track of Inland and again you can't keep track of Inland and again you can't keep track of the defeats and a lot of these defeats the defeats and a lot of these defeats the defeats and a lot of these defeats are because the Japanese keep Landing are because the Japanese keep Landing are because the Japanese keep Landing troops after the initial Landings in new troops after the initial Landings in new troops after the initial Landings in new places this is what control of the air places this is what control of the air places this is what control of the air and the Sea gives you the freedom to do and the Sea gives you the freedom to do and the Sea gives you the freedom to do right while at the same time denying the right while at the same time denying the right while at the same time denying the Allies the freedom to easily reinforce Allies the freedom to easily reinforce Allies the freedom to easily reinforce their own troops easily Supply their own their own troops easily Supply their own their own troops easily Supply their own troops or in the worst situations easily troops or in the worst situations easily troops or in the worst situations easily evacuate their own troops in Malaya the evacuate their own troops in Malaya the evacuate their own troops in Malaya the British Empire has a few options but the British Empire has a few options but the British Empire has a few options but the American forces and there's between like American forces and there's between like American forces and there's between like 14 and 16,000 American troops in the 14 and 16,000 American troops in the 14 and 16,000 American troops in the Philippines for all intents and purposes Philippines for all intents and purposes Philippines for all intents and purposes they might as well be under siege after they might as well be under siege after they might as well be under siege after about the first week in December because about the first week in December because about the first week in December because the Japanese aren't going going to be the Japanese aren't going going to be the Japanese aren't going going to be letting any resupply in that area letting any resupply in that area letting any resupply in that area including no new troops and no Dunkirk including no new troops and no Dunkirk including no new troops and no Dunkirk like evacuation of the ones who were like evacuation of the ones who were like evacuation of the ones who were there well what does that mean for those there well what does that mean for those there well what does that mean for those troops it means that they're going to troops it means that they're going to troops it means that they're going to have the same thing in a broad sense have the same thing in a broad sense have the same thing in a broad sense happen to them that are going to happen happen to them that are going to happen happen to them that are going to happen to the British Imperial forces in Malaya to the British Imperial forces in Malaya to the British Imperial forces in Malaya which is they're going to be continually

which is they're going to be continually which is they're going to be continually pushed back outflanked and forced to pushed back outflanked and forced to pushed back outflanked and forced to continually pull the line you know continually pull the line you know continually pull the line you know backwards to keep from being surrounded backwards to keep from being surrounded backwards to keep from being surrounded and destroyed and in short order they and destroyed and in short order they and destroyed and in short order they will both the British Imperial troops in will both the British Imperial troops in will both the British Imperial troops in Malaya and the Filipino and American Malaya and the Filipino and American Malaya and the Filipino and American forces in the Philippines find forces in the Philippines find forces in the Philippines find themselves sort of like in a last ditch themselves sort of like in a last ditch themselves sort of like in a last ditch Situation off the very coast of the Situation off the very coast of the Situation off the very coast of the place they're supposed to defend in a place they're supposed to defend in a place they're supposed to defend in a castle with a moat type situation in castle with a moat type situation in castle with a moat type situation in Malaya it will be the Fortress city of Malaya it will be the Fortress city of Malaya it will be the Fortress city of Singapore in the Philippines it will be Singapore in the Philippines it will be Singapore in the Philippines it will be the island of the island of the island of cargador in the Philippines though and cargador in the Philippines though and cargador in the Philippines though and it helped quite a bit the Americans had it helped quite a bit the Americans had it helped quite a bit the Americans had some some some tanks which was a good thing because the tanks which was a good thing because the tanks which was a good thing because the Japanese had tanks too in Malaya the Japanese had tanks too in Malaya the Japanese had tanks too in Malaya the Japanese also had tanks but none of the Japanese also had tanks but none of the Japanese also had tanks but none of the British Empire forces did there are no British Empire forces did there are no British Empire forces did there are no Allied tanks in Malaya and the Japanese Allied tanks in Malaya and the Japanese Allied tanks in Malaya and the Japanese tanks are not great tanks at all very tanks are not great tanks at all very tanks are not great tanks at all very mediocre but they become super weapons mediocre but they become super weapons mediocre but they become super weapons if they don't have to face other tanks if they don't have to face other tanks if they don't have to face other tanks and if the anti-tank weapons on the and if the anti-tank weapons on the and if the anti-tank weapons on the other side are limited and ineffective other side are limited and ineffective other side are limited and ineffective that might be a good way to put it not that might be a good way to put it not that might be a good way to put it not numerous limited and ineffective maybe a numerous limited and ineffective maybe a numerous limited and ineffective maybe a better way to put it they have a gun better way to put it they have a gun better way to put it they have a gun called The Two pounder which is about 37 called The Two pounder which is about 37 called The Two pounder which is about 37 mm gun for we Americans um during this mm gun for we Americans um during this mm gun for we Americans um during this period it's obsolete but the better period it's obsolete but the better period it's obsolete but the better stuff is just coming down the pike I stuff is just coming down the pike I stuff is just coming down the pike I mean there were a couple of years of war mean there were a couple of years of war mean there were a couple of years of war that had to happen before everyone that had to happen before everyone that had to happen before everyone realized wow we're going to have to have realized wow we're going to have to have realized wow we're going to have to have some really good anti-tank weapons and some really good anti-tank weapons and some really good anti-tank weapons and you know there's a design lag and all you know there's a design lag and all you know there's a design lag and all that and putting it into production and that and putting it into production and that and putting it into production and testing and all that so I mean the good

testing and all that so I mean the good testing and all that so I mean the good stuff is on the way but even when the stuff is on the way but even when the stuff is on the way but even when the good stuff arrives it goes to places good stuff arrives it goes to places good stuff arrives it goes to places that need it against you know German that need it against you know German that need it against you know German tanks in North Africa maybe so there are tanks in North Africa maybe so there are tanks in North Africa maybe so there are some two Pounders which give great some two Pounders which give great some two Pounders which give great service but there's not enough of them service but there's not enough of them service but there's not enough of them and and a bunch of the rest of the and and a bunch of the rest of the and and a bunch of the rest of the anti-tank weapons are like glorify big anti-tank weapons are like glorify big anti-tank weapons are like glorify big rifles with steel bullets I mean they're rifles with steel bullets I mean they're rifles with steel bullets I mean they're not the kind of thing let's put it this not the kind of thing let's put it this not the kind of thing let's put it this way you have to get so dang close to a way you have to get so dang close to a way you have to get so dang close to a tank to use the thing effectively and a tank to use the thing effectively and a tank to use the thing effectively and a tank besides the big gun of course tank besides the big gun of course tank besides the big gun of course usually has multiple machine guns and usually has multiple machine guns and usually has multiple machine guns and when you use the weapon and don't knock when you use the weapon and don't knock when you use the weapon and don't knock out the tank it's a little like knocking out the tank it's a little like knocking out the tank it's a little like knocking on the side of the tank and saying by on the side of the tank and saying by on the side of the tank and saying by the way I'm right here behind you if you the way I'm right here behind you if you the way I'm right here behind you if you need to kill me for any reason but over need to kill me for any reason but over need to kill me for any reason but over and over again you know there is so much and over again you know there is so much and over again you know there is so much heroism is a weird word not a military heroism is a weird word not a military heroism is a weird word not a military glorification person I don't believe in glorification person I don't believe in glorification person I don't believe in military heroism per se I believe as I military heroism per se I believe as I military heroism per se I believe as I said earlier that human beings find said earlier that human beings find said earlier that human beings find themselves in extreme positions themselves in extreme positions themselves in extreme positions sometimes and I believe in human heroism sometimes and I believe in human heroism sometimes and I believe in human heroism and often times because well like a lot and often times because well like a lot and often times because well like a lot of other people with dangerous jobs the of other people with dangerous jobs the of other people with dangerous jobs the people in the military are in positions people in the military are in positions people in the military are in positions where all right you're in one of these where all right you're in one of these where all right you're in one of these heroic human situations and the troops heroic human situations and the troops heroic human situations and the troops in the Philippines and Hong Kong and in the Philippines and Hong Kong and in the Philippines and Hong Kong and these other islands and of course in these other islands and of course in these other islands and of course in Malaya too Malaya too Malaya too are not fighting a fair fight they have are not fighting a fair fight they have are not fighting a fair fight they have one hand tie behind their back initially one hand tie behind their back initially one hand tie behind their back initially and two hands behind their back soon in and two hands behind their back soon in and two hands behind their back soon in the Philippines it's going to be a the Philippines it's going to be a the Philippines it's going to be a question of starvation once they Retreat question of starvation once they Retreat question of starvation once they Retreat back to cargador eventually they're not back to cargador eventually they're not back to cargador eventually they're not going to have enough food and there's no going to have enough food and there's no going to have enough food and there's no way to get a lot more to way to get a lot more to way to get a lot more to them can't resupply them Japanese

them can't resupply them Japanese them can't resupply them Japanese control the air and sea lanes and in control the air and sea lanes and in control the air and sea lanes and in Malaya it's going to be more a question Malaya it's going to be more a question Malaya it's going to be more a question of exhaustion because the same troops of exhaustion because the same troops of exhaustion because the same troops are going to be fighting day after day are going to be fighting day after day are going to be fighting day after day after day in Malaya they're going to be after day in Malaya they're going to be after day in Malaya they're going to be doing rear guard action after rear guard doing rear guard action after rear guard doing rear guard action after rear guard action and you know what those are right action and you know what those are right action and you know what those are right it's a little like when the one it's a little like when the one it's a little like when the one superhero you know tells the rest of the superhero you know tells the rest of the superhero you know tells the rest of the team to go on and by themselves tries to team to go on and by themselves tries to team to go on and by themselves tries to hold off the 10,000 aliens in a suicidal hold off the 10,000 aliens in a suicidal hold off the 10,000 aliens in a suicidal move but it allows the rest of the team move but it allows the rest of the team move but it allows the rest of the team to fight again another day it's a to fight again another day it's a to fight again another day it's a particularly scary thing to think about particularly scary thing to think about particularly scary thing to think about it because most of the time the only it because most of the time the only it because most of the time the only reason you need a rear guard action is reason you need a rear guard action is reason you need a rear guard action is because this Army you have to hold off because this Army you have to hold off because this Army you have to hold off for your buddies was so strong your for your buddies was so strong your for your buddies was so strong your buddies had to leave so these things buddies had to leave so these things buddies had to leave so these things that are also called phased withdrawals that are also called phased withdrawals that are also called phased withdrawals are sort of the number one tactical are sort of the number one tactical are sort of the number one tactical maneuver you'll see done by the Allies maneuver you'll see done by the Allies maneuver you'll see done by the Allies in both these areas Malaya and the in both these areas Malaya and the in both these areas Malaya and the Philippines and it will be the Japanese Philippines and it will be the Japanese Philippines and it will be the Japanese tanks in Malaya that will allow them to tanks in Malaya that will allow them to tanks in Malaya that will allow them to burst through these attempts to hold burst through these attempts to hold burst through these attempts to hold some kind of line over and over again some kind of line over and over again some kind of line over and over again and and they do it often at night the and and they do it often at night the and and they do it often at night the Japanese like to fight at night it's a Japanese like to fight at night it's a Japanese like to fight at night it's a wonderful equalizer they do it on land wonderful equalizer they do it on land wonderful equalizer they do it on land they do it at they do it at they do it at Sea they are probably until the really Sea they are probably until the really Sea they are probably until the really good radar starts showing up to the good radar starts showing up to the good radar starts showing up to the Americans in the mid 1940s changing the Americans in the mid 1940s changing the Americans in the mid 1940s changing the game a little bit they're probably the game a little bit they're probably the game a little bit they're probably the Navy you least want to face in a night Navy you least want to face in a night Navy you least want to face in a night encounter very well trained very good at encounter very well trained very good at encounter very well trained very good at night uh it's very scary to fight at night uh it's very scary to fight at night uh it's very scary to fight at night because all of the normal panic night because all of the normal panic night because all of the normal panic and scariness and uncertainty that and scariness and uncertainty that and scariness and uncertainty that plagues a daytime well-lit Battlefield plagues a daytime well-lit Battlefield plagues a daytime well-lit Battlefield gets much worse at night the Japanese

gets much worse at night the Japanese gets much worse at night the Japanese also probably the um I would say I would also probably the um I would say I would also probably the um I would say I would say of all the armies that fought in the say of all the armies that fought in the say of all the armies that fought in the second world war major forces right second world war major forces right second world war major forces right States uh the Japanese are the most States uh the Japanese are the most States uh the Japanese are the most enamored and like hand-to-hand combat enamored and like hand-to-hand combat enamored and like hand-to-hand combat the most you can find individual groups the most you can find individual groups the most you can find individual groups giras which are a special Elite Force in giras which are a special Elite Force in giras which are a special Elite Force in the British Empire Army for example they the British Empire Army for example they the British Empire Army for example they like hand toand combat too but it's not like hand toand combat too but it's not like hand toand combat too but it's not like one of the major players in the war like one of the major players in the war like one of the major players in the war and Axis power the Japanese will engage and Axis power the Japanese will engage and Axis power the Japanese will engage and look forward to and keep hand toand and look forward to and keep hand toand and look forward to and keep hand toand combat as something in their tool belt combat as something in their tool belt combat as something in their tool belt in a much more you know upfront fashion in a much more you know upfront fashion in a much more you know upfront fashion I mean we're talking about generals and I mean we're talking about generals and I mean we're talking about generals and officers who go into battle carrying officers who go into battle carrying officers who go into battle carrying samurai swords so there's a there's a samurai swords so there's a there's a samurai swords so there's a there's a little bit of a throwback ethos involved little bit of a throwback ethos involved little bit of a throwback ethos involved but by this era when people don't do but by this era when people don't do but by this era when people don't do that very often there's a that very often there's a that very often there's a psychological effect I don't know that I psychological effect I don't know that I psychological effect I don't know that I could put a finger on what the effect is could put a finger on what the effect is could put a finger on what the effect is but there are some great books written but there are some great books written but there are some great books written from a psychological perspective Often from a psychological perspective Often from a psychological perspective Often by military mental health professionals by military mental health professionals by military mental health professionals talking about the effect of killing in talking about the effect of killing in talking about the effect of killing in combat and one of the theories is that combat and one of the theories is that combat and one of the theories is that this is heavily influenced by proximity this is heavily influenced by proximity this is heavily influenced by proximity so the farther you are away from the so the farther you are away from the so the farther you are away from the person you're you're killing the easier person you're you're killing the easier person you're you're killing the easier it is to do and the the less damage it it is to do and the the less damage it it is to do and the the less damage it does to you psyche wise you can shell does to you psyche wise you can shell does to you psyche wise you can shell them from miles away with artillery for them from miles away with artillery for them from miles away with artillery for example or drop bombs from 10,000 ft and example or drop bombs from 10,000 ft and example or drop bombs from 10,000 ft and it's one thing having to shoot them in it's one thing having to shoot them in it's one thing having to shoot them in the face from 50 yards away is another the face from 50 yards away is another the face from 50 yards away is another thing having to use a bayonet on them or thing having to use a bayonet on them or thing having to use a bayonet on them or strangle them at close range is a is a strangle them at close range is a is a strangle them at close range is a is a different thing altogether and the different thing altogether and the different thing altogether and the combination of the Japanese penion for

combination of the Japanese penion for combination of the Japanese penion for both Knight attacks and hand toand both Knight attacks and hand toand both Knight attacks and hand toand combat is one of those unique not unique combat is one of those unique not unique combat is one of those unique not unique cuz you could run into this in any front cuz you could run into this in any front cuz you could run into this in any front of the war but you had the best chance of the war but you had the best chance of the war but you had the best chance of running into it in a place like the of running into it in a place like the of running into it in a place like the Pacific and some of these nighttime Pacific and some of these nighttime Pacific and some of these nighttime encounters that US troops for example encounters that US troops for example encounters that US troops for example would deal with in these fox holes in would deal with in these fox holes in would deal with in these fox holes in these pitch black you know areas around these pitch black you know areas around these pitch black you know areas around the islands where they were separated the islands where they were separated the islands where they were separated from the other foxholes and the Japanese from the other foxholes and the Japanese from the other foxholes and the Japanese would launch a knight attack and dive would launch a knight attack and dive would launch a knight attack and dive into these fox holes with bayonets it is into these fox holes with bayonets it is into these fox holes with bayonets it is like a horror like a horror like a horror movie The other thing that will work movie The other thing that will work movie The other thing that will work well in Malaya besides the surprise well in Malaya besides the surprise well in Malaya besides the surprise attacks and we should also point out attacks and we should also point out attacks and we should also point out because we would be remiss if we did not because we would be remiss if we did not because we would be remiss if we did not the Fantastic generals on the Japanese the Fantastic generals on the Japanese the Fantastic generals on the Japanese side at this point they certainly have a side at this point they certainly have a side at this point they certainly have a lead in that especially on Mala uh lead in that especially on Mala uh lead in that especially on Mala uh that's that's J yamashta and he's that's that's J yamashta and he's that's that's J yamashta and he's awesome and you have Hama in the awesome and you have Hama in the awesome and you have Hama in the Philippines and he's great too he makes Philippines and he's great too he makes Philippines and he's great too he makes you know a few blunders but then again you know a few blunders but then again you know a few blunders but then again the guy on the other side is general the guy on the other side is general the guy on the other side is general Douglas MacArthur and he makes a few Douglas MacArthur and he makes a few Douglas MacArthur and he makes a few blunders blunders blunders too the real killer though in uh in a too the real killer though in uh in a too the real killer though in uh in a place like Malaya and the Philippines is place like Malaya and the Philippines is place like Malaya and the Philippines is the Japanese ability to outflank they do the Japanese ability to outflank they do the Japanese ability to outflank they do it on land by running into the jungle it on land by running into the jungle it on land by running into the jungle anytime they're held up by an Allied anytime they're held up by an Allied anytime they're held up by an Allied roadblock and infiltrating around and roadblock and infiltrating around and roadblock and infiltrating around and and threatening to surround Allied and threatening to surround Allied and threatening to surround Allied Forces so then the Allied Forces have to Forces so then the Allied Forces have to Forces so then the Allied Forces have to pull back to avoid being surrounded so pull back to avoid being surrounded so pull back to avoid being surrounded so that means your line is moving back and that means your line is moving back and that means your line is moving back and all the work you did to prepare it and all the work you did to prepare it and all the work you did to prepare it and get it ready is wasted because now you get it ready is wasted because now you get it ready is wasted because now you have to pull back to the next line of have to pull back to the next line of have to pull back to the next line of defense but what really kills them is by defense but what really kills them is by defense but what really kills them is by not controlling the sea the Japanese are not controlling the sea the Japanese are not controlling the sea the Japanese are able to use and it sounds like an able to use and it sounds like an able to use and it sounds like an improvisation there's a couple of things improvisation there's a couple of things improvisation there's a couple of things they do that sound now like

they do that sound now like they do that sound now like improvisation which when I was growing improvisation which when I was growing improvisation which when I was growing up it was assumed was all part of the up it was assumed was all part of the up it was assumed was all part of the plan and I've heard hybrid theories plan and I've heard hybrid theories plan and I've heard hybrid theories where it's a little of both the Japanese where it's a little of both the Japanese where it's a little of both the Japanese will like take everybody's bicycles that will like take everybody's bicycles that will like take everybody's bicycles that they find in Malaya or bring them with they find in Malaya or bring them with they find in Malaya or bring them with them again that's the old Theory and them again that's the old Theory and them again that's the old Theory and start riding down the the few main roads start riding down the the few main roads start riding down the the few main roads in Malaya making great progress they can in Malaya making great progress they can in Malaya making great progress they can even go down some of the Jungle paths on even go down some of the Jungle paths on even go down some of the Jungle paths on those things they will also pick up those things they will also pick up those things they will also pick up every little fishing boat or skiff or every little fishing boat or skiff or every little fishing boat or skiff or landing craft or anything they can get landing craft or anything they can get landing craft or anything they can get their hands on tied up at a dock or or their hands on tied up at a dock or or their hands on tied up at a dock or or pulled up on the beach throw as many pulled up on the beach throw as many pulled up on the beach throw as many soldiers as they can 10 2030 into this soldiers as they can 10 2030 into this soldiers as they can 10 2030 into this fishing boat and just take a little joy fishing boat and just take a little joy fishing boat and just take a little joy ride down the coast a few miles and then ride down the coast a few miles and then ride down the coast a few miles and then disembark them behind Allied lines maybe disembark them behind Allied lines maybe disembark them behind Allied lines maybe at night causing crazy chaos and at night causing crazy chaos and at night causing crazy chaos and remember the conditions here make that remember the conditions here make that remember the conditions here make that more likely it's not just a question of more likely it's not just a question of more likely it's not just a question of the nighttime stuff the terrain plays a the nighttime stuff the terrain plays a the nighttime stuff the terrain plays a factor it's hard to see things in factor it's hard to see things in factor it's hard to see things in jungles these mountains are in the way jungles these mountains are in the way jungles these mountains are in the way the rain is incredible and I have not the rain is incredible and I have not the rain is incredible and I have not brought that up enough because it plays brought that up enough because it plays brought that up enough because it plays a huge role in everything from obscuring a huge role in everything from obscuring a huge role in everything from obscuring sight uh uh the Japanese tanks could be sight uh uh the Japanese tanks could be sight uh uh the Japanese tanks could be on you at night in the driving rain to on you at night in the driving rain to on you at night in the driving rain to making the morale of the troops just making the morale of the troops just making the morale of the troops just sagore we have to remember these sagore we have to remember these sagore we have to remember these soldiers in Malay and the Philippines soldiers in Malay and the Philippines soldiers in Malay and the Philippines are rarely undercover this rain is are rarely undercover this rain is are rarely undercover this rain is torrential and can go on for days torrential and can go on for days torrential and can go on for days imagine fighting rear guard action after imagine fighting rear guard action after imagine fighting rear guard action after rear guard action losing your buddies rear guard action losing your buddies rear guard action losing your buddies never getting a chance to rest by the never getting a chance to rest by the never getting a chance to rest by the time you finally stop instead of resting time you finally stop instead of resting time you finally stop instead of resting you have to build defenses as quickly as you have to build defenses as quickly as you have to build defenses as quickly as you can which should have been built you can which should have been built you can which should have been built before the war but that's one of the before the war but that's one of the before the war but that's one of the screw-ups or acid tests of combat so screw-ups or acid tests of combat so screw-ups or acid tests of combat so there you are just dying and it would be

there you are just dying and it would be there you are just dying and it would be awful if it were 72° and wonderful shirt awful if it were 72° and wonderful shirt awful if it were 72° and wonderful shirt sleeve weather in instead you've been sleeve weather in instead you've been sleeve weather in instead you've been out in the rain for 2 or 3 days you can out in the rain for 2 or 3 days you can out in the rain for 2 or 3 days you can see why the people began to fall apart see why the people began to fall apart see why the people began to fall apart in Malaya they fall apart from in Malaya they fall apart from in Malaya they fall apart from exhaustion and unlike the Philippines exhaustion and unlike the Philippines exhaustion and unlike the Philippines the British can get some reinforcements the British can get some reinforcements the British can get some reinforcements into Malaya they can't spare troops into Malaya they can't spare troops into Malaya they can't spare troops anywhere because they're fighting in a anywhere because they're fighting in a anywhere because they're fighting in a bunch of places but the reinforcements bunch of places but the reinforcements bunch of places but the reinforcements will come in in dribs and drabs a little will come in in dribs and drabs a little will come in in dribs and drabs a little at a time and instead of allowing them at a time and instead of allowing them at a time and instead of allowing them to get acclimated to The Climate to wait to get acclimated to The Climate to wait to get acclimated to The Climate to wait till the next ship with all their stuff till the next ship with all their stuff till the next ship with all their stuff arrives to uh form a nice mobile Reserve arrives to uh form a nice mobile Reserve arrives to uh form a nice mobile Reserve that we can then throw in at the key that we can then throw in at the key that we can then throw in at the key moment to turn the tide of battle they moment to turn the tide of battle they moment to turn the tide of battle they get thrown into the meat grinder as they get thrown into the meat grinder as they get thrown into the meat grinder as they arrive as quickly as possible and what arrive as quickly as possible and what arrive as quickly as possible and what that does is just wear them out and and that does is just wear them out and and that does is just wear them out and and make them exhausted too so by the time make them exhausted too so by the time make them exhausted too so by the time you know the Japanese are pushing down you know the Japanese are pushing down you know the Japanese are pushing down towards Singapore and the Allies are towards Singapore and the Allies are towards Singapore and the Allies are pulling back towards Singapore the pulling back towards Singapore the pulling back towards Singapore the Allied armies outnumber the Japanese but Allied armies outnumber the Japanese but Allied armies outnumber the Japanese but there is shadow of their former self there is shadow of their former self there is shadow of their former self they can't fight anymore without some they can't fight anymore without some they can't fight anymore without some rest and some refitting and some you rest and some refitting and some you rest and some refitting and some you know restoration some help somebody to know restoration some help somebody to know restoration some help somebody to hold the line while they re I mean it's hold the line while they re I mean it's hold the line while they re I mean it's well Churchill put it best I think when well Churchill put it best I think when well Churchill put it best I think when he talked about the campaign a little he talked about the campaign a little he talked about the campaign a little bit and uh has one of those lines that's bit and uh has one of those lines that's bit and uh has one of those lines that's echoed down into history that's you know echoed down into history that's you know echoed down into history that's you know you can love him or hate him but the guy you can love him or hate him but the guy you can love him or hate him but the guy had a way with words and he was talking had a way with words and he was talking had a way with words and he was talking about the situation I mean how does a about the situation I mean how does a about the situation I mean how does a smaller Force beat a larger Force this smaller Force beat a larger Force this smaller Force beat a larger Force this is what Churchill writes and when he is what Churchill writes and when he is what Churchill writes and when he uses the word Causeway by the way it's uses the word Causeway by the way it's uses the word Causeway by the way it's sort of like a a a bridge but it's a sort of like a a a bridge but it's a sort of like a a a bridge but it's a little bit more substantial than that little bit more substantial than that little bit more substantial than that connecting Singapore to the mainland and

connecting Singapore to the mainland and connecting Singapore to the mainland and he writes quote the Japanese Mastery of he writes quote the Japanese Mastery of he writes quote the Japanese Mastery of the air arising as has been described the air arising as has been described the air arising as has been described from our bitter needs elsewhere and for from our bitter needs elsewhere and for from our bitter needs elsewhere and for which the local commanders were in no which the local commanders were in no which the local commanders were in no way responsible was another deadly fact way responsible was another deadly fact way responsible was another deadly fact in the result the main fighting strength in the result the main fighting strength in the result the main fighting strength of such an army as we had assigned to of such an army as we had assigned to of such an army as we had assigned to the defense of Singapore and almost all the defense of Singapore and almost all the defense of Singapore and almost all the reinforcements sent after the the reinforcements sent after the the reinforcements sent after the Japanese declaration of war were used up Japanese declaration of war were used up Japanese declaration of war were used up in Gallant Fighting on the peninsula and in Gallant Fighting on the peninsula and in Gallant Fighting on the peninsula and when these had crossed the causeway to when these had crossed the causeway to when these had crossed the causeway to what should have been their Supreme what should have been their Supreme what should have been their Supreme Battleground their punch was gone here Battleground their punch was gone here Battleground their punch was gone here they rejoined the local Garrison and the they rejoined the local Garrison and the they rejoined the local Garrison and the masses of base details which swelled our masses of base details which swelled our masses of base details which swelled our numbers though not our numbers though not our numbers though not our strength he's talking about what some strength he's talking about what some strength he's talking about what some have called the useless mouths the have called the useless mouths the have called the useless mouths the civilians who require food but don't civilians who require food but don't civilians who require food but don't really help much in the defense he really help much in the defense he really help much in the defense he continues there remained the two fresh continues there remained the two fresh continues there remained the two fresh brigades of the 18th British division brigades of the 18th British division brigades of the 18th British division newly landed from their ships in strange newly landed from their ships in strange newly landed from their ships in strange and unimagined surroundings after their and unimagined surroundings after their and unimagined surroundings after their long voyage the Army which could fight long voyage the Army which could fight long voyage the Army which could fight the decisive struggle for Singapore and the decisive struggle for Singapore and the decisive struggle for Singapore and had been provided for that Supreme had been provided for that Supreme had been provided for that Supreme objective in this theater was dissipated objective in this theater was dissipated objective in this theater was dissipated before the Japanese attack began it before the Japanese attack began it before the Japanese attack began it might be a 100,000 men but it was an might be a 100,000 men but it was an might be a 100,000 men but it was an Army no more end Army no more end Army no more end quote once again the many many mistakes quote once again the many many mistakes quote once again the many many mistakes that have been focused on during this that have been focused on during this that have been focused on during this whole Affair I mean you could do hours whole Affair I mean you could do hours whole Affair I mean you could do hours and hours just on each one and examining and hours just on each one and examining and hours just on each one and examining the pros and cons uh one of the more

the pros and cons uh one of the more the pros and cons uh one of the more interesting aspects of Winston interesting aspects of Winston interesting aspects of Winston Churchill's books about this and uh you Churchill's books about this and uh you Churchill's books about this and uh you need the unabridged version if you need the unabridged version if you need the unabridged version if you really want to see what's going on really want to see what's going on really want to see what's going on because part of it remember is a defense because part of it remember is a defense because part of it remember is a defense of himself and he includes it's a very of himself and he includes it's a very of himself and he includes it's a very self-serving defense because if if self-serving defense because if if self-serving defense because if if there's any place you know in this war there's any place you know in this war there's any place you know in this war and there's a couple where this guy and there's a couple where this guy and there's a couple where this guy really would seem like the obvious really would seem like the obvious really would seem like the obvious person to blame for some failure this is person to blame for some failure this is person to blame for some failure this is it he even says you know and writes in it he even says you know and writes in it he even says you know and writes in the book that if if Singapore were to the book that if if Singapore were to the book that if if Singapore were to fall if Malaya were to fall it' be this fall if Malaya were to fall it' be this fall if Malaya were to fall it' be this giant Scandal well who's in charge of giant Scandal well who's in charge of giant Scandal well who's in charge of the country is prime minister well there the country is prime minister well there the country is prime minister well there you go and he even falls on his sword at you go and he even falls on his sword at you go and he even falls on his sword at one point in one of these humble moments one point in one of these humble moments one point in one of these humble moments where he says I should have known I where he says I should have known I where he says I should have known I should have asked my staff should have should have asked my staff should have should have asked my staff should have known my staff should have asked there's known my staff should have asked there's known my staff should have asked there's no excuse and then he proceeds to give no excuse and then he proceeds to give no excuse and then he proceeds to give an excuse which is interesting remember an excuse which is interesting remember an excuse which is interesting remember the adjective attached to this Fortress the adjective attached to this Fortress the adjective attached to this Fortress city of Singapore remember the jalter of city of Singapore remember the jalter of city of Singapore remember the jalter of the East right it's a fortress City and the East right it's a fortress City and the East right it's a fortress City and Churchill says in my defense I basically Churchill says in my defense I basically Churchill says in my defense I basically didn't think to ask whether something didn't think to ask whether something didn't think to ask whether something called a fortress had defenses he said I called a fortress had defenses he said I called a fortress had defenses he said I would no sooner ask if a battleship that would no sooner ask if a battleship that would no sooner ask if a battleship that you had just launched had a bottom so you had just launched had a bottom so you had just launched had a bottom so why were there no defenses it's why were there no defenses it's why were there no defenses it's complicated some of it was part of a complicated some of it was part of a complicated some of it was part of a particular branch of the military particular branch of the military particular branch of the military theories right in the pre-war you saw it theories right in the pre-war you saw it theories right in the pre-war you saw it in the first World War I this idea that in the first World War I this idea that in the first World War I this idea that defenses are bad for morale troops get defenses are bad for morale troops get defenses are bad for morale troops get accustomed to the safety of living accustomed to the safety of living accustomed to the safety of living behind trench walls or fortifications or behind trench walls or fortifications or behind trench walls or fortifications or whatever then you need them to go on the whatever then you need them to go on the whatever then you need them to go on the aggressive they're soft another reason aggressive they're soft another reason aggressive they're soft another reason and some of the generals in Malaya said

and some of the generals in Malaya said and some of the generals in Malaya said that they didn't want defenses they that they didn't want defenses they that they didn't want defenses they thought it was bad for the morale of the thought it was bad for the morale of the thought it was bad for the morale of the civilians that the troops were civilians that the troops were civilians that the troops were protecting there's a lot of reasons protecting there's a lot of reasons protecting there's a lot of reasons problem is is that if you turn out to be problem is is that if you turn out to be problem is is that if you turn out to be wrong about that the acid test of combat wrong about that the acid test of combat wrong about that the acid test of combat proves that it would be very nice to proves that it would be very nice to proves that it would be very nice to have some defenses and they're not there have some defenses and they're not there have some defenses and they're not there once again who gets screwed in that once again who gets screwed in that once again who gets screwed in that situation and the Allied troops will be situation and the Allied troops will be situation and the Allied troops will be forever trying to build ad hoc defenses forever trying to build ad hoc defenses forever trying to build ad hoc defenses in pouring rain as quickly as they can 5 in pouring rain as quickly as they can 5 in pouring rain as quickly as they can 5 minutes after escaping combat with the minutes after escaping combat with the minutes after escaping combat with the Japanese still on the way you know often Japanese still on the way you know often Japanese still on the way you know often at at at night these soldiers were going to fight night these soldiers were going to fight night these soldiers were going to fight an entire campaign against the an entire campaign against the an entire campaign against the Japanese with the chances so stacked Japanese with the chances so stacked Japanese with the chances so stacked against them that you look at this the against them that you look at this the against them that you look at this the same way the Marines on Wake situation same way the Marines on Wake situation same way the Marines on Wake situation looked like a sort of inevitable amount looked like a sort of inevitable amount looked like a sort of inevitable amount of suffering that has to be born because of suffering that has to be born because of suffering that has to be born because the alternative is incomprehensible and the alternative is incomprehensible and the alternative is incomprehensible and I should point out what's interesting is I should point out what's interesting is I should point out what's interesting is if you actually like delve into each of if you actually like delve into each of if you actually like delve into each of these situations you'll find that in in these situations you'll find that in in these situations you'll find that in in almost every case the soldiers on the almost every case the soldiers on the almost every case the soldiers on the ground believed that there was some ground believed that there was some ground believed that there was some light at the end of the tunnel or some light at the end of the tunnel or some light at the end of the tunnel or some rescue operation or some some rescue operation or some some rescue operation or some some alternative to Suicide they had a ray of alternative to Suicide they had a ray of alternative to Suicide they had a ray of Hope in each one of these situations and Hope in each one of these situations and Hope in each one of these situations and often times modern authors and some often times modern authors and some often times modern authors and some Modern historians will be very harsh in Modern historians will be very harsh in Modern historians will be very harsh in the condemnation of the people that gave the condemnation of the people that gave the condemnation of the people that gave them the false hope for example I have a them the false hope for example I have a them the false hope for example I have a book on the defense of the Philippines book on the defense of the Philippines book on the defense of the Philippines and the author is scathing against and the author is scathing against and the author is scathing against President Roosevelt for continually President Roosevelt for continually President Roosevelt for continually again a Roosevelt fan would argue this again a Roosevelt fan would argue this again a Roosevelt fan would argue this but continually seeming to give the but continually seeming to give the but continually seeming to give the people defending people defending people defending uh the Philippines the Americans and the

uh the Philippines the Americans and the uh the Philippines the Americans and the Filipinos false hope that help was on Filipinos false hope that help was on Filipinos false hope that help was on the way and don't worry you just hold the way and don't worry you just hold the way and don't worry you just hold out we'll get when they knew that there out we'll get when they knew that there out we'll get when they knew that there was nothing of the sort was nothing of the sort was nothing of the sort happening I would chalk that up to just happening I would chalk that up to just happening I would chalk that up to just one more tragedy the average soldier on one more tragedy the average soldier on one more tragedy the average soldier on the ground has to deal with for some the ground has to deal with for some the ground has to deal with for some sort of we would hope Big Picture aspect sort of we would hope Big Picture aspect sort of we would hope Big Picture aspect that aids the war effort helps the cause that aids the war effort helps the cause that aids the war effort helps the cause and shortens the conflict and we'll try and shortens the conflict and we'll try and shortens the conflict and we'll try not to go into the cynical territory not to go into the cynical territory not to go into the cynical territory where we think it might be to cover where we think it might be to cover where we think it might be to cover people's rear ends people's rear ends people's rear ends to deflect blame into a different to deflect blame into a different to deflect blame into a different direction or to get a bunch of doomed direction or to get a bunch of doomed direction or to get a bunch of doomed people to fight on longer and suffer people to fight on longer and suffer people to fight on longer and suffer more because there's some other positive more because there's some other positive more because there's some other positive element down the road that this provides element down the road that this provides element down the road that this provides a lot of these soldiers I should point a lot of these soldiers I should point a lot of these soldiers I should point out are fighting for out are fighting for out are fighting for time if for no other reason than they're time if for no other reason than they're time if for no other reason than they're involved in these many rear guard involved in these many rear guard involved in these many rear guard actions and they're fighting so that the actions and they're fighting so that the actions and they're fighting so that the rest of the force that they're a part of rest of the force that they're a part of rest of the force that they're a part of can get away Retreat a few more miles can get away Retreat a few more miles can get away Retreat a few more miles set up a new defense line and try set up a new defense line and try set up a new defense line and try again and if you read the accounts from again and if you read the accounts from again and if you read the accounts from Allied soldiers during this phase in the Allied soldiers during this phase in the Allied soldiers during this phase in the war really in the entire Pacific War war really in the entire Pacific War war really in the entire Pacific War when you're dealing with land Warfare when you're dealing with land Warfare when you're dealing with land Warfare stuff on the ground this is a different stuff on the ground this is a different stuff on the ground this is a different kind of war in the Pacific and it's kind of war in the Pacific and it's kind of war in the Pacific and it's different because of the Japanese and different because of the Japanese and different because of the Japanese and they do things differently and that they do things differently and that they do things differently and that prompts different sort of responses from prompts different sort of responses from prompts different sort of responses from their opponents each of the major their opponents each of the major their opponents each of the major theaters in this war have a sort of a theaters in this war have a sort of a theaters in this war have a sort of a different vibe if you wanted to say that different vibe if you wanted to say that different vibe if you wanted to say that any theater had a sort of a gentle gan's any theater had a sort of a gentle gan's any theater had a sort of a gentle gan's approach to war then that would be approach to war then that would be approach to war then that would be something like the Western Front maybe

something like the Western Front maybe something like the Western Front maybe you could say North Africa where you had you could say North Africa where you had you could say North Africa where you had the British and Germans mainly facing the British and Germans mainly facing the British and Germans mainly facing off there could be bad incidents between off there could be bad incidents between off there could be bad incidents between the two don't get me wrong same thing the two don't get me wrong same thing the two don't get me wrong same thing with the Americans and the Germans I with the Americans and the Germans I with the Americans and the Germans I mean the malmy massacre anyone during mean the malmy massacre anyone during mean the malmy massacre anyone during the Battle of the Bulge I mean it the Battle of the Bulge I mean it the Battle of the Bulge I mean it happened but by and large you had a happened but by and large you had a happened but by and large you had a pretty good chance of surviving the war pretty good chance of surviving the war pretty good chance of surviving the war if you fell you know into the enemy's if you fell you know into the enemy's if you fell you know into the enemy's prison camps or they fell into yours the prison camps or they fell into yours the prison camps or they fell into yours the Germans would treat the Soviets and vice Germans would treat the Soviets and vice Germans would treat the Soviets and vice versa very differently on the Eastern versa very differently on the Eastern versa very differently on the Eastern Front you had your malody massacres Front you had your malody massacres Front you had your malody massacres regularly so different sort of vibe over regularly so different sort of vibe over regularly so different sort of vibe over in the Eastern front where you had this in the Eastern front where you had this in the Eastern front where you had this ideological war of annihilation throw in ideological war of annihilation throw in ideological war of annihilation throw in the racial superiority Jewish thing the racial superiority Jewish thing the racial superiority Jewish thing anti-c commissar thing and I mean it was anti-c commissar thing and I mean it was anti-c commissar thing and I mean it was just set up for extreme state sponsored just set up for extreme state sponsored just set up for extreme state sponsored nastiness the stuff the Japanese were nastiness the stuff the Japanese were nastiness the stuff the Japanese were doing had a flavor all its own this doing had a flavor all its own this doing had a flavor all its own this wasn't state sponsored anything it was a wasn't state sponsored anything it was a wasn't state sponsored anything it was a sort of a weirdness that people have sort of a weirdness that people have sort of a weirdness that people have been trying to explain Japanese people been trying to explain Japanese people been trying to explain Japanese people especially ever sense because it didn't especially ever sense because it didn't especially ever sense because it didn't make any sort of a logical sense for make any sort of a logical sense for make any sort of a logical sense for example you will get incidents where the example you will get incidents where the example you will get incidents where the Japanese General in Malaya yamashta will Japanese General in Malaya yamashta will Japanese General in Malaya yamashta will find out that his troops did some of the find out that his troops did some of the find out that his troops did some of the things that the Japanese are routinely things that the Japanese are routinely things that the Japanese are routinely accused of doing the rapes the killings accused of doing the rapes the killings accused of doing the rapes the killings the you know all the things uh things the you know all the things uh things the you know all the things uh things we'll get into more in a minute by the we'll get into more in a minute by the we'll get into more in a minute by the way and he would be appalled and he way and he would be appalled and he way and he would be appalled and he would punish them and he had would punish them and he had would punish them and he had specifically ordered that this stuff not specifically ordered that this stuff not specifically ordered that this stuff not happen matter of fact he was executed happen matter of fact he was executed happen matter of fact he was executed after the war for some of this stuff but after the war for some of this stuff but after the war for some of this stuff but it was really other generals and people it was really other generals and people it was really other generals and people who disagreed with that sort of an who disagreed with that sort of an who disagreed with that sort of an attitude that could have their troops attitude that could have their troops attitude that could have their troops just run wild either through just benign

just run wild either through just benign just run wild either through just benign neglect or outright hostility and neglect or outright hostility and neglect or outright hostility and cold-bloodedness in other words it was a cold-bloodedness in other words it was a cold-bloodedness in other words it was a sort of a spotty track record that the sort of a spotty track record that the sort of a spotty track record that the commanders in Japan would have and you commanders in Japan would have and you commanders in Japan would have and you could have troops that are well behaved could have troops that are well behaved could have troops that are well behaved under a Vigilant commander and other under a Vigilant commander and other under a Vigilant commander and other troops that are poorly behaved under troops that are poorly behaved under troops that are poorly behaved under another one and of course listen it another one and of course listen it another one and of course listen it doesn't take a whole lot of spotty doesn't take a whole lot of spotty doesn't take a whole lot of spotty commanders for a lot of troops to be commanders for a lot of troops to be commanders for a lot of troops to be acting out of line in a lot of places acting out of line in a lot of places acting out of line in a lot of places which is what you have by the way again which is what you have by the way again which is what you have by the way again in Hong Kong the Japanese will come in in Hong Kong the Japanese will come in in Hong Kong the Japanese will come in and do something that will become um a and do something that will become um a and do something that will become um a little bit of a trademark for them in little bit of a trademark for them in little bit of a trademark for them in this early part of the war they will this early part of the war they will this early part of the war they will walk into one of these it's a college walk into one of these it's a college walk into one of these it's a college that is uh being used as a hospital that is uh being used as a hospital that is uh being used as a hospital behind the front lines in Hong Kong behind the front lines in Hong Kong behind the front lines in Hong Kong right before the city surrenders on right before the city surrenders on right before the city surrenders on Christmas 1941 and the Japanese troops Christmas 1941 and the Japanese troops Christmas 1941 and the Japanese troops will start going up to uh injured will start going up to uh injured will start going up to uh injured soldiers lying in their Cs and soldiers lying in their Cs and soldiers lying in their Cs and bayonetting them nurses get raped other bayonetting them nurses get raped other bayonetting them nurses get raped other people I mean this becomes one of the people I mean this becomes one of the people I mean this becomes one of the many occasions where you will find super many occasions where you will find super many occasions where you will find super Patriots as you can find in every Patriots as you can find in every Patriots as you can find in every country right who will try to say that country right who will try to say that country right who will try to say that this is propaganda this is contrived this is propaganda this is contrived this is propaganda this is contrived that's been disproven I mean I guess I'm that's been disproven I mean I guess I'm that's been disproven I mean I guess I'm perfectly willing to listen to stories perfectly willing to listen to stories perfectly willing to listen to stories of all that kind of stuff because I'm of all that kind of stuff because I'm of all that kind of stuff because I'm very cynical myself about wartime very cynical myself about wartime very cynical myself about wartime propaganda and all that kind of stuff propaganda and all that kind of stuff propaganda and all that kind of stuff the problem is is in some situations the the problem is is in some situations the the problem is is in some situations the preponderance of evidence becomes preponderance of evidence becomes preponderance of evidence becomes overwhelming even with admissions from overwhelming even with admissions from overwhelming even with admissions from the very people who did this on the the very people who did this on the the very people who did this on the Japanese side too so I think this Falls Japanese side too so I think this Falls Japanese side too so I think this Falls you know into a similar place with the you know into a similar place with the you know into a similar place with the Holocaust and a number of other things

Holocaust and a number of other things Holocaust and a number of other things which uh ju just seem it wouldn't matter which uh ju just seem it wouldn't matter which uh ju just seem it wouldn't matter if you could disprove this aspect or if you could disprove this aspect or if you could disprove this aspect or that occasion the preponderance of the that occasion the preponderance of the that occasion the preponderance of the evidence is overwhelming and um graphic evidence is overwhelming and um graphic evidence is overwhelming and um graphic and unbelievable to these Allied peoples and unbelievable to these Allied peoples and unbelievable to these Allied peoples in some respects and it takes a while to in some respects and it takes a while to in some respects and it takes a while to adjust and the adjustments are what adjust and the adjustments are what adjust and the adjustments are what creates this war without creates this war without creates this war without Mercy it's not hard by the way to make a Mercy it's not hard by the way to make a Mercy it's not hard by the way to make a pretty good case that these sorts of pretty good case that these sorts of pretty good case that these sorts of incidents of atrocious conduct really incidents of atrocious conduct really incidents of atrocious conduct really hurt the Japanese and it hurt them on a hurt the Japanese and it hurt them on a hurt the Japanese and it hurt them on a macro level and a micro level and there macro level and a micro level and there macro level and a micro level and there are influential thinkers and military are influential thinkers and military are influential thinkers and military leaders who saw this at the time as well leaders who saw this at the time as well leaders who saw this at the time as well but on a macro level remember there's but on a macro level remember there's but on a macro level remember there's something the Japanese empire is selling something the Japanese empire is selling something the Japanese empire is selling here and while it's tempting to think of here and while it's tempting to think of here and while it's tempting to think of things like propaganda and uh Global things like propaganda and uh Global things like propaganda and uh Global Marketing as fluff and window dressing Marketing as fluff and window dressing Marketing as fluff and window dressing let's realize that the thing that let's realize that the thing that let's realize that the thing that Churchill is most scared of is people Churchill is most scared of is people Churchill is most scared of is people like the Indians buying into the fluff like the Indians buying into the fluff like the Indians buying into the fluff and window dressing in other words if and window dressing in other words if and window dressing in other words if you think about it the Japanese war aims you think about it the Japanese war aims you think about it the Japanese war aims are so audaciously expansive that it's are so audaciously expansive that it's are so audaciously expansive that it's almost impossible to imagine them ever almost impossible to imagine them ever almost impossible to imagine them ever coming true but one of the small little coming true but one of the small little coming true but one of the small little paths towards attaining that goal would paths towards attaining that goal would paths towards attaining that goal would be for you know the millions and be for you know the millions and be for you know the millions and millions and millions of people that millions and millions of people that millions and millions of people that this marketing strategy is aimed towards this marketing strategy is aimed towards this marketing strategy is aimed towards to buy into it and these sorts of to buy into it and these sorts of to buy into it and these sorts of atrocious incidents don't reflect well

atrocious incidents don't reflect well atrocious incidents don't reflect well on the brand do they and let's recall on the brand do they and let's recall on the brand do they and let's recall it's not a brand that is without tarnish it's not a brand that is without tarnish it's not a brand that is without tarnish already because they have all those already because they have all those already because they have all those incidents in China going back to at incidents in China going back to at incidents in China going back to at least the early least the early least the early 1930s then you get these newly liberated 1930s then you get these newly liberated 1930s then you get these newly liberated peoples you know you the the Malayan who peoples you know you the the Malayan who peoples you know you the the Malayan who the Japanese sort of free as they're the Japanese sort of free as they're the Japanese sort of free as they're driving the Imperial British forces driving the Imperial British forces driving the Imperial British forces backwards the Filipinos who don't even backwards the Filipinos who don't even backwards the Filipinos who don't even realize they need freeing in some cases realize they need freeing in some cases realize they need freeing in some cases from the Americans being freed um and from the Americans being freed um and from the Americans being freed um and they get a chance to see forget the they get a chance to see forget the they get a chance to see forget the marketing message they get a chance to marketing message they get a chance to marketing message they get a chance to see what it's going to be like to live see what it's going to be like to live see what it's going to be like to live under this new leadership and as we said under this new leadership and as we said under this new leadership and as we said I think at the last segment it's a I think at the last segment it's a I think at the last segment it's a little like for a lot of these people little like for a lot of these people little like for a lot of these people you know getting out of the frying pan you know getting out of the frying pan you know getting out of the frying pan and thrown into the and thrown into the and thrown into the fire it's going to be really rough in a fire it's going to be really rough in a fire it's going to be really rough in a lot of these places I mean there the lot of these places I mean there the lot of these places I mean there the stories from the Philippines are classic stories from the Philippines are classic stories from the Philippines are classic but I mean classic and horrible but I mean classic and horrible but I mean classic and horrible obviously but I mean people who get obviously but I mean people who get obviously but I mean people who get their heads chopped off in the streets their heads chopped off in the streets their heads chopped off in the streets by Japanese officers wielding samurai by Japanese officers wielding samurai by Japanese officers wielding samurai swords for not bowing low swords for not bowing low swords for not bowing low enough the Comfort women the women from enough the Comfort women the women from enough the Comfort women the women from some of these localities who are some of these localities who are some of these localities who are co-opted coerced forced into co-opted coerced forced into co-opted coerced forced into prostitution to serve the Japanese Army prostitution to serve the Japanese Army prostitution to serve the Japanese Army I mean these are the kind of things that I mean these are the kind of things that I mean these are the kind of things that are the reality of living in this East are the reality of living in this East are the reality of living in this East Asia co- Prosperity sphere so maybe a Asia co- Prosperity sphere so maybe a Asia co- Prosperity sphere so maybe a lot of people that you know Winston lot of people that you know Winston lot of people that you know Winston Churchill was worried might throw off Churchill was worried might throw off Churchill was worried might throw off the Yoke of British oppression are going the Yoke of British oppression are going the Yoke of British oppression are going to try to find a third sort of option

to try to find a third sort of option to try to find a third sort of option rather than adopt the cloak of Japanese rather than adopt the cloak of Japanese rather than adopt the cloak of Japanese oppression so on the macro level really oppression so on the macro level really oppression so on the macro level really really makes the job of the Japanese really makes the job of the Japanese really makes the job of the Japanese soldiers in the field fighting for this soldiers in the field fighting for this soldiers in the field fighting for this sort of goal harder and by the way a lot sort of goal harder and by the way a lot sort of goal harder and by the way a lot of them really believe in the goal and of them really believe in the goal and of them really believe in the goal and then on the micro level it's really hard then on the micro level it's really hard then on the micro level it's really hard on the soldiers themselves and I keep on the soldiers themselves and I keep on the soldiers themselves and I keep trying to figure out you know how many trying to figure out you know how many trying to figure out you know how many people in an army have to act a certain people in an army have to act a certain people in an army have to act a certain way right commit atrocities for example way right commit atrocities for example way right commit atrocities for example before you can make a justifiable case before you can make a justifiable case before you can make a justifiable case that everybody in the other Army that everybody in the other Army that everybody in the other Army deserves to be punished for it you'd deserves to be punished for it you'd deserves to be punished for it you'd like to think hey One Bad Apple commits like to think hey One Bad Apple commits like to think hey One Bad Apple commits an atrocity so hopefully that guy gets an atrocity so hopefully that guy gets an atrocity so hopefully that guy gets what's coming to him but we all know what's coming to him but we all know what's coming to him but we all know that in Warfare and in combat since C that in Warfare and in combat since C that in Warfare and in combat since C let's just say caveman times I'm going let's just say caveman times I'm going let's just say caveman times I'm going to assume this idea that for every to assume this idea that for every to assume this idea that for every action there is an equal and opposite action there is an equal and opposite action there is an equal and opposite reaction definitely reaction definitely reaction definitely applies and so you don't have to have applies and so you don't have to have applies and so you don't have to have too many American soldiers or Filipino too many American soldiers or Filipino too many American soldiers or Filipino soldiers or imperial British soldiers soldiers or imperial British soldiers soldiers or imperial British soldiers from India or the highlands of Scotland from India or the highlands of Scotland from India or the highlands of Scotland or Canada or Australia or a indigenous or Canada or Australia or a indigenous or Canada or Australia or a indigenous local Malay person fighting for the local Malay person fighting for the local Malay person fighting for the British you don't have to have too many British you don't have to have too many British you don't have to have too many of those people chopped into pieces and of those people chopped into pieces and of those people chopped into pieces and positioned grotesquely and put at a road positioned grotesquely and put at a road positioned grotesquely and put at a road Junction to make sure that the people on Junction to make sure that the people on Junction to make sure that the people on their side see that you don't have to their side see that you don't have to their side see that you don't have to have too many of those stories have too many of those stories have too many of those stories circulating via the Scuttle butt between circulating via the Scuttle butt between circulating via the Scuttle butt between soldiers to decide that every one of soldiers to decide that every one of soldiers to decide that every one of these Japanese deserves to be treated these Japanese deserves to be treated these Japanese deserves to be treated like they did it themselves

like they did it themselves like they did it themselves personally now before we think that this personally now before we think that this personally now before we think that this is just something that happens in every is just something that happens in every is just something that happens in every war everywhere it didn't now the Russian war everywhere it didn't now the Russian war everywhere it didn't now the Russian front which we all consider if we know front which we all consider if we know front which we all consider if we know anything about it right to be a anything about it right to be a anything about it right to be a particularly nasty place you would see particularly nasty place you would see particularly nasty place you would see uh people um disfigured and mutilated uh people um disfigured and mutilated uh people um disfigured and mutilated but in a place like North Africa but in a place like North Africa but in a place like North Africa uh the two sides I mean there's Italians uh the two sides I mean there's Italians uh the two sides I mean there's Italians there too and the British might bury an there too and the British might bury an there too and the British might bury an Italian or a German Foe on the Italian or a German Foe on the Italian or a German Foe on the battlefield With Honors that they might battlefield With Honors that they might battlefield With Honors that they might do the same for someone on the other do the same for someone on the other do the same for someone on the other side almost a gentlemanly kind of thing side almost a gentlemanly kind of thing side almost a gentlemanly kind of thing going on a very Christian sort of way to going on a very Christian sort of way to going on a very Christian sort of way to act one's enemy of course the more act one's enemy of course the more act one's enemy of course the more standard thing would be to just leave standard thing would be to just leave standard thing would be to just leave them where they lay in the field but them where they lay in the field but them where they lay in the field but rarely did you have people mutilating rarely did you have people mutilating rarely did you have people mutilating each other right it wasn't that kind of each other right it wasn't that kind of each other right it wasn't that kind of War but it was in the Pacific and it was War but it was in the Pacific and it was War but it was in the Pacific and it was cuz one side liked to do it um and you cuz one side liked to do it um and you cuz one side liked to do it um and you wonder you know you think yourself what wonder you know you think yourself what wonder you know you think yourself what did they gain from all this maybe in did they gain from all this maybe in did they gain from all this maybe in some ancient time it was considered some ancient time it was considered some ancient time it was considered intimidating I know that the Vietnam men intimidating I know that the Vietnam men intimidating I know that the Vietnam men used to do that when they were fighting used to do that when they were fighting used to do that when they were fighting the French in Indochina after this the French in Indochina after this the French in Indochina after this period it's maybe an an indigenous way period it's maybe an an indigenous way period it's maybe an an indigenous way to say screw you and this is what's to say screw you and this is what's to say screw you and this is what's going to happen to all of you and maybe going to happen to all of you and maybe going to happen to all of you and maybe you get a psychological Edge or an you get a psychological Edge or an you get a psychological Edge or an intimidation factor involved in that but intimidation factor involved in that but intimidation factor involved in that but in this case it really backfired there in this case it really backfired there in this case it really backfired there was a terrible Boomerang effect that was a terrible Boomerang effect that was a terrible Boomerang effect that just made Allied troops often think that just made Allied troops often think that just made Allied troops often think that these were not people deserving of any these were not people deserving of any these were not people deserving of any Mercy what's more you have the other Mercy what's more you have the other Mercy what's more you have the other problem involved and this is connected problem involved and this is connected problem involved and this is connected to the other side of the Japanese to the other side of the Japanese to the other side of the Japanese character that just kills the average character that just kills the average character that just kills the average Japanese soldier in this period it's the Japanese soldier in this period it's the Japanese soldier in this period it's the fanatical fanatical fanatical question I think we said when we started

question I think we said when we started question I think we said when we started this story that there was a different this story that there was a different this story that there was a different way that the Allied propaganda sort of way that the Allied propaganda sort of way that the Allied propaganda sort of and this is after the war 2 sort of and this is after the war 2 sort of and this is after the war 2 sort of portrayed the Germans and the Japanese portrayed the Germans and the Japanese portrayed the Germans and the Japanese they portrayed them both in kind of a they portrayed them both in kind of a they portrayed them both in kind of a robotic sense right that they fought for robotic sense right that they fought for robotic sense right that they fought for the leader robotically that they were the leader robotically that they were the leader robotically that they were machines but the German machines were machines but the German machines were machines but the German machines were cold and logical the Japanese were all o cold and logical the Japanese were all o cold and logical the Japanese were all o portrayed as machines but they were like portrayed as machines but they were like portrayed as machines but they were like Unstoppable and fanatical and and they Unstoppable and fanatical and and they Unstoppable and fanatical and and they would fight till the last fingertip was would fight till the last fingertip was would fight till the last fingertip was destroyed you the finger would come destroyed you the finger would come destroyed you the finger would come chasing you it was that kind of a sort chasing you it was that kind of a sort chasing you it was that kind of a sort of thing and that led to the other of thing and that led to the other of thing and that led to the other problem which is the the atrocities sort problem which is the the atrocities sort problem which is the the atrocities sort of are a hot blood thing where people of are a hot blood thing where people of are a hot blood thing where people act because they feel angry and they act because they feel angry and they act because they feel angry and they they want the revenge and you cut up our they want the revenge and you cut up our they want the revenge and you cut up our people so we're going to you know we're people so we're going to you know we're people so we're going to you know we're going to mistreat your corpses but the going to mistreat your corpses but the going to mistreat your corpses but the coldblooded side of this were a logical coldblooded side of this were a logical coldblooded side of this were a logical person who never wanted to commit an person who never wanted to commit an person who never wanted to commit an atrocity in his life just operating with atrocity in his life just operating with atrocity in his life just operating with common sense just wants his unit you common sense just wants his unit you common sense just wants his unit you know to get back home wants to see the know to get back home wants to see the know to get back home wants to see the guys under his command get back to their guys under his command get back to their guys under his command get back to their loved ones in the Pacific because of loved ones in the Pacific because of loved ones in the Pacific because of Japanese conduct and the way that they Japanese conduct and the way that they Japanese conduct and the way that they acted and and part of the fanaticism acted and and part of the fanaticism acted and and part of the fanaticism that probably one could make a case is a that probably one could make a case is a that probably one could make a case is a is a part of their soul that led them to is a part of their soul that led them to is a part of their soul that led them to being a people that sort of punched being a people that sort of punched being a people that sort of punched above their weight class historically above their weight class historically above their weight class historically speaking That Never Say Die the last speaking That Never Say Die the last speaking That Never Say Die the last finger of the robot that's going to keep finger of the robot that's going to keep finger of the robot that's going to keep chasing you that's what's going to Doom chasing you that's what's going to Doom chasing you that's what's going to Doom a lot of Japanese soldiers to Simply a lot of Japanese soldiers to Simply a lot of Japanese soldiers to Simply being liquidated on the battlefield and being liquidated on the battlefield and being liquidated on the battlefield and the reason why is because they were seen the reason why is because they were seen the reason why is because they were seen as extremely dangerous even wounded even as extremely dangerous even wounded even as extremely dangerous even wounded even while surrendering even while seemingly while surrendering even while seemingly while surrendering even while seemingly dead the Japanese would come back to

dead the Japanese would come back to dead the Japanese would come back to life and kill you on the battlefield life and kill you on the battlefield life and kill you on the battlefield don't believe me it's one of the don't believe me it's one of the don't believe me it's one of the wonderful perverse I mean the the war is wonderful perverse I mean the the war is wonderful perverse I mean the the war is so interesting but it's also Darkly so interesting but it's also Darkly so interesting but it's also Darkly interesting but I mean the first hand interesting but I mean the first hand interesting but I mean the first hand accounts are everywhere longlasting and accounts are everywhere longlasting and accounts are everywhere longlasting and they will be a part of this story until they will be a part of this story until they will be a part of this story until an atomic bomb begins to end this story an atomic bomb begins to end this story an atomic bomb begins to end this story but in Singapore burning author Colin but in Singapore burning author Colin but in Singapore burning author Colin Smith has a lot of these firsthand Smith has a lot of these firsthand Smith has a lot of these firsthand stories and um he describes it he didn't stories and um he describes it he didn't stories and um he describes it he didn't say a Lazarus moment but he said say a Lazarus moment but he said say a Lazarus moment but he said everyone sort of had their own personal everyone sort of had their own personal everyone sort of had their own personal Lazarus and what he was talking about Lazarus and what he was talking about Lazarus and what he was talking about was remember this is the first time in was remember this is the first time in was remember this is the first time in Malaya in the Philippines in these Malaya in the Philippines in these Malaya in the Philippines in these places where the anglo-american troops places where the anglo-american troops places where the anglo-american troops are clashing with Japanese forces so are clashing with Japanese forces so are clashing with Japanese forces so they're learning a lot quickly right they're learning a lot quickly right they're learning a lot quickly right what's true what's false uh they they what's true what's false uh they they what's true what's false uh they they are every bit as fanatical as portray are every bit as fanatical as portray are every bit as fanatical as portray that robotic finger will chase you down that robotic finger will chase you down that robotic finger will chase you down the street or the equivalent but you the street or the equivalent but you the street or the equivalent but you can't take chances with them not only can't take chances with them not only can't take chances with them not only will they come after you until totally will they come after you until totally will they come after you until totally destroyed sometimes they will try all destroyed sometimes they will try all destroyed sometimes they will try all the little tricks you know wait till you the little tricks you know wait till you the little tricks you know wait till you come up to check on them and then whip come up to check on them and then whip come up to check on them and then whip out a grenade and blow you and a couple out a grenade and blow you and a couple out a grenade and blow you and a couple of buddies and themselves up and while of buddies and themselves up and while of buddies and themselves up and while this is not Behavior that's inhuman and this is not Behavior that's inhuman and this is not Behavior that's inhuman and not seen anywhere else it's rare not seen anywhere else it's rare not seen anywhere else it's rare elsewhere it's like we said about the elsewhere it's like we said about the elsewhere it's like we said about the kamic kazis you can see people kamic kazis you can see people kamic kazis you can see people suicidally fly planes into structures or suicidally fly planes into structures or suicidally fly planes into structures or troops or ships or whatever you can see troops or ships or whatever you can see troops or ships or whatever you can see it in other armies it's just really rare it in other armies it's just really rare it in other armies it's just really rare and unusual the Japanese do it well and unusual the Japanese do it well and unusual the Japanese do it well comparatively you would call it comparatively you would call it comparatively you would call it regularly on the Russian front you could regularly on the Russian front you could regularly on the Russian front you could see a Russian who knows he's wounded see a Russian who knows he's wounded see a Russian who knows he's wounded badly wait till the Germans come to badly wait till the Germans come to badly wait till the Germans come to check on him and then blow himself and check on him and then blow himself and check on him and then blow himself and and a bunch of Germans up that sort of

and a bunch of Germans up that sort of and a bunch of Germans up that sort of stuff happened but the Japanese did it stuff happened but the Japanese did it stuff happened but the Japanese did it so often that the Allies stopped Taking so often that the Allies stopped Taking so often that the Allies stopped Taking Chances with them uh in his book Chances with them uh in his book Chances with them uh in his book Singapore burning Smith has a story from Singapore burning Smith has a story from Singapore burning Smith has a story from an Australian fighting in this whole an Australian fighting in this whole an Australian fighting in this whole Malayan situation being pushed back Malayan situation being pushed back Malayan situation being pushed back towards Singapore his name is Patrick towards Singapore his name is Patrick towards Singapore his name is Patrick Reynolds and he talks about his you know Reynolds and he talks about his you know Reynolds and he talks about his you know sort of Lazarus moment um and I've got sort of Lazarus moment um and I've got sort of Lazarus moment um and I've got to say when you read accounts of the to say when you read accounts of the to say when you read accounts of the Pacific War in no other theater in the Pacific War in no other theater in the Pacific War in no other theater in the second world war does it sound so much second world war does it sound so much second world war does it sound so much like movie combat like it doesn't even like movie combat like it doesn't even like movie combat like it doesn't even sound real like what Rocky is to boxing sound real like what Rocky is to boxing sound real like what Rocky is to boxing because you go to the other fronts and because you go to the other fronts and because you go to the other fronts and you're like wow this is a lot more you're like wow this is a lot more you're like wow this is a lot more mechanized and the distances are really mechanized and the distances are really mechanized and the distances are really great and all the the Pacific War is a great and all the the Pacific War is a great and all the the Pacific War is a little like Vietnam sometimes depending little like Vietnam sometimes depending little like Vietnam sometimes depending on where you are cuz it's not all jungle on where you are cuz it's not all jungle on where you are cuz it's not all jungle but where it is jungle and overgrowth but where it is jungle and overgrowth but where it is jungle and overgrowth it's like Vietnam was in the sense that it's like Vietnam was in the sense that it's like Vietnam was in the sense that the war is often fought in a very small the war is often fought in a very small the war is often fought in a very small perimeter of a clearing or whatever you perimeter of a clearing or whatever you perimeter of a clearing or whatever you can see because everything else is can see because everything else is can see because everything else is blocked off by the jungle canopy or blocked off by the jungle canopy or blocked off by the jungle canopy or vegetation or everything else so vegetation or everything else so vegetation or everything else so everything is right around you it gives everything is right around you it gives everything is right around you it gives a very claustrophobic very isolated sort a very claustrophobic very isolated sort a very claustrophobic very isolated sort of feel to of feel to of feel to it and the stories just sound like you it and the stories just sound like you it and the stories just sound like you right up close with the the other side I right up close with the the other side I right up close with the the other side I mean it's very movie uh one guy against mean it's very movie uh one guy against mean it's very movie uh one guy against one guy or two guys against one guy lots one guy or two guys against one guy lots one guy or two guys against one guy lots of stabbing lots of edged weap happens of stabbing lots of edged weap happens of stabbing lots of edged weap happens it's really quite nasty um and Smith it's really quite nasty um and Smith it's really quite nasty um and Smith quotes Lieutenant Patrick Reynolds in quotes Lieutenant Patrick Reynolds in quotes Lieutenant Patrick Reynolds in the Malay campaign you know fighting the Malay campaign you know fighting the Malay campaign you know fighting down towards Singapore quote the section down towards Singapore quote the section down towards Singapore quote the section on my right was again pinned down by on my right was again pinned down by on my right was again pinned down by automatic fire lying amongst a heap of

automatic fire lying amongst a heap of automatic fire lying amongst a heap of about 15 apparently dead Japs I was about 15 apparently dead Japs I was about 15 apparently dead Japs I was signaling to the other section when signaling to the other section when signaling to the other section when suddenly one of the corpses came to life suddenly one of the corpses came to life suddenly one of the corpses came to life holding a grenade in his right hand and holding a grenade in his right hand and holding a grenade in his right hand and raising himself from the ground with his raising himself from the ground with his raising himself from the ground with his left I shot him him the grenade exploded left I shot him him the grenade exploded left I shot him him the grenade exploded simultaneously and half his head was simultaneously and half his head was simultaneously and half his head was blown off two pieces of the grenade hit blown off two pieces of the grenade hit blown off two pieces of the grenade hit me one under the right arm and one on me one under the right arm and one on me one under the right arm and one on the other side of my head end the other side of my head end the other side of my head end quote Smith has another story of a quote Smith has another story of a quote Smith has another story of a sergeant Desman mahe and he talks about sergeant Desman mahe and he talks about sergeant Desman mahe and he talks about his particular Lazarus meaning his his particular Lazarus meaning his his particular Lazarus meaning his learning moment the learning curve when learning moment the learning curve when learning moment the learning curve when he realized that just because these he realized that just because these he realized that just because these Japanese look dead doesn't mean they Japanese look dead doesn't mean they Japanese look dead doesn't mean they won't come back to life unexpectedly and won't come back to life unexpectedly and won't come back to life unexpectedly and Smith writes quote Sergeant Desmond M's Smith writes quote Sergeant Desmond M's Smith writes quote Sergeant Desmond M's particular Lazarus was a fallen sergeant particular Lazarus was a fallen sergeant particular Lazarus was a fallen sergeant of the Cano guards he was about to of the Cano guards he was about to of the Cano guards he was about to search him for the letters and unit search him for the letters and unit search him for the letters and unit identification beloved by the Battalion identification beloved by the Battalion identification beloved by the Battalion Intelligence Officers when the dead man Intelligence Officers when the dead man Intelligence Officers when the dead man sprang indignantly to his feet with a sprang indignantly to his feet with a sprang indignantly to his feet with a grenade in his right fist mahe grabbed grenade in his right fist mahe grabbed grenade in his right fist mahe grabbed his left hand to stop him pulling the his left hand to stop him pulling the his left hand to stop him pulling the pin this was good thinking but it pin this was good thinking but it pin this was good thinking but it allowed his opponent to bludgeon him allowed his opponent to bludgeon him allowed his opponent to bludgeon him about the head with his grenade while he about the head with his grenade while he about the head with his grenade while he did his best to fend him off with left did his best to fend him off with left did his best to fend him off with left Jabs M he shouted for help and while he Jabs M he shouted for help and while he Jabs M he shouted for help and while he was holding the man's arms the guards was holding the man's arms the guards was holding the man's arms the guards NCO so far from the Pomp and NCO so far from the Pomp and NCO so far from the Pomp and Circumstance which had molded his Circumstance which had molded his Circumstance which had molded his military career was first bayoneted and

military career was first bayoneted and military career was first bayoneted and then shot end then shot end then shot end quote Smith then points out that there quote Smith then points out that there quote Smith then points out that there was another case where um somebody ended was another case where um somebody ended was another case where um somebody ended up dead on the Japanese side when maybe up dead on the Japanese side when maybe up dead on the Japanese side when maybe they didn't need to and that this is they didn't need to and that this is they didn't need to and that this is signaling part of the learning curve and signaling part of the learning curve and signaling part of the learning curve and how they're going to start to deal with how they're going to start to deal with how they're going to start to deal with these unpredictable fanatical people the these unpredictable fanatical people the these unpredictable fanatical people the ones whose robotic finger will keep ones whose robotic finger will keep ones whose robotic finger will keep coming at you even when you think you coming at you even when you think you coming at you even when you think you destroyed that whole thing and he writes destroyed that whole thing and he writes destroyed that whole thing and he writes quote there appears to be no good reason quote there appears to be no good reason quote there appears to be no good reason why this particular Japanese could not why this particular Japanese could not why this particular Japanese could not have been restrained and captured but it have been restrained and captured but it have been restrained and captured but it seems that it rapidly became the norm as seems that it rapidly became the norm as seems that it rapidly became the norm as it did almost everywhere the Imperial it did almost everywhere the Imperial it did almost everywhere the Imperial Japanese Army ever met Western troops to Japanese Army ever met Western troops to Japanese Army ever met Western troops to regard almost any attempt to take them regard almost any attempt to take them regard almost any attempt to take them alive as much to risky end quote now alive as much to risky end quote now alive as much to risky end quote now quoting a 16 yes 16-year-old Soldier quoting a 16 yes 16-year-old Soldier quoting a 16 yes 16-year-old Soldier fighting for the British Empire quote fighting for the British Empire quote fighting for the British Empire quote from that first engagement we learn not from that first engagement we learn not from that first engagement we learn not to trust their to trust their to trust their wounded end wounded end wounded end quote Smith had an interesting line quote Smith had an interesting line quote Smith had an interesting line though he pointed out that the majority though he pointed out that the majority though he pointed out that the majority of Japanese playing dead were probably of Japanese playing dead were probably of Japanese playing dead were probably playing dead for the same reason playing dead for the same reason playing dead for the same reason anybody's soldiers would play dead in anybody's soldiers would play dead in anybody's soldiers would play dead in that situation hoping to be overlooked that situation hoping to be overlooked that situation hoping to be overlooked by the enemy and maybe they'd be left by the enemy and maybe they'd be left by the enemy and maybe they'd be left alone and could get away but some of alone and could get away but some of alone and could get away but some of these people clearly didn't and as I these people clearly didn't and as I these people clearly didn't and as I said you could see that on any front in said you could see that on any front in said you could see that on any front in the war just not as regularly as you saw the war just not as regularly as you saw the war just not as regularly as you saw it here what percentage of the Japanese it here what percentage of the Japanese it here what percentage of the Japanese had to act this way for every Japanese had to act this way for every Japanese had to act this way for every Japanese potential

potential potential P to get the same treatment just in case P to get the same treatment just in case P to get the same treatment just in case not fooling around and there's video I not fooling around and there's video I not fooling around and there's video I have to say one of the most shocking have to say one of the most shocking have to say one of the most shocking things I ever saw cuz I definitely grew things I ever saw cuz I definitely grew things I ever saw cuz I definitely grew up in the era where um our side was was up in the era where um our side was was up in the era where um our side was was the unequivocally good side the other the unequivocally good side the other the unequivocally good side the other side was the unequivocally bad side and side was the unequivocally bad side and side was the unequivocally bad side and there was not much gray area until I got there was not much gray area until I got there was not much gray area until I got to the maybe the 1980s and I saw a piece to the maybe the 1980s and I saw a piece to the maybe the 1980s and I saw a piece of film footage and it was part of a of film footage and it was part of a of film footage and it was part of a British documentary and you could not British documentary and you could not British documentary and you could not get it in the United States at the time get it in the United States at the time get it in the United States at the time it was actually something that I believe it was actually something that I believe it was actually something that I believe was released relatively recently and was released relatively recently and was released relatively recently and eventually some of that footage made it eventually some of that footage made it eventually some of that footage made it into American documentaries but because into American documentaries but because into American documentaries but because you hadn't seen it in the US I who had you hadn't seen it in the US I who had you hadn't seen it in the US I who had seen all the footage over and over seen all the footage over and over seen all the footage over and over thousand times the black and white stuff thousand times the black and white stuff thousand times the black and white stuff you know all the history everything you you know all the history everything you you know all the history everything you could ever see I'd never seen this stuff could ever see I'd never seen this stuff could ever see I'd never seen this stuff and I was transfixed and I was and I was transfixed and I was and I was transfixed and I was transfixed for two reasons one it was transfixed for two reasons one it was transfixed for two reasons one it was late War stuff so it was in color which late War stuff so it was in color which late War stuff so it was in color which of course makes it all seem so much more of course makes it all seem so much more of course makes it all seem so much more real the second reason why is it showed real the second reason why is it showed real the second reason why is it showed the stuff that would never have made it the stuff that would never have made it the stuff that would never have made it on the official war footage that the US on the official war footage that the US on the official war footage that the US government would have approved and government would have approved and government would have approved and released even after the war it showed released even after the war it showed released even after the war it showed things like the posum patrol which one things like the posum patrol which one things like the posum patrol which one veteran described as the the point where veteran described as the the point where veteran described as the the point where they would rush out onto the battlefield they would rush out onto the battlefield they would rush out onto the battlefield after the fighting had ceased before the after the fighting had ceased before the after the fighting had ceased before the officers could stop them and kill all officers could stop them and kill all officers could stop them and kill all the wounded Japanese I was struck I the wounded Japanese I was struck I the wounded Japanese I was struck I Remember by this American uh Soldier he Remember by this American uh Soldier he Remember by this American uh Soldier he was killing these grievously wounded was killing these grievously wounded was killing these grievously wounded Japanese soldiers uh by shooting them in Japanese soldiers uh by shooting them in Japanese soldiers uh by shooting them in the head with a pistol and he had uh a the head with a pistol and he had uh a the head with a pistol and he had uh a corn cob pipe that he was smoking in his corn cob pipe that he was smoking in his corn cob pipe that he was smoking in his mouth while he did this over and over mouth while he did this over and over mouth while he did this over and over again and I just I was struck by and

again and I just I was struck by and again and I just I was struck by and reminded of the very nonchalant nature reminded of the very nonchalant nature reminded of the very nonchalant nature of these soldiers who killed every day of these soldiers who killed every day of these soldiers who killed every day and had and was just was just killing and had and was just was just killing and had and was just was just killing day I mean it was it was a reminder that day I mean it was it was a reminder that day I mean it was it was a reminder that when you say War without Mercy it's one when you say War without Mercy it's one when you say War without Mercy it's one thing when you see it it's another and thing when you see it it's another and thing when you see it it's another and when you see your own side doing it and when you see your own side doing it and when you see your own side doing it and you realize of course they can still be you realize of course they can still be you realize of course they can still be the good guys in this war and have to do the good guys in this war and have to do the good guys in this war and have to do terrible things in order to fight it terrible things in order to fight it terrible things in order to fight it what do you think war is what do you think war is what do you think war is right well sometimes it can be right well sometimes it can be right well sometimes it can be gentlemanly and both sides can treat the gentlemanly and both sides can treat the gentlemanly and both sides can treat the other with respect and bury their dead other with respect and bury their dead other with respect and bury their dead and and notify the other side of the of and and notify the other side of the of and and notify the other side of the of the death so that their families can be the death so that their families can be the death so that their families can be told you saw this in the first world war told you saw this in the first world war told you saw this in the first world war for example and sometimes you kill the for example and sometimes you kill the for example and sometimes you kill the wounded wounded wounded kill the kill the kill the prisoners and uh just tell the people prisoners and uh just tell the people prisoners and uh just tell the people back at you know base command that once back at you know base command that once back at you know base command that once again those fanatical Japanese refused again those fanatical Japanese refused again those fanatical Japanese refused to surrender and died to the last man to surrender and died to the last man to surrender and died to the last man hard not to see it as a tragedy for the hard not to see it as a tragedy for the hard not to see it as a tragedy for the poor average Japanese kid who ended up poor average Japanese kid who ended up poor average Japanese kid who ended up in the Army at this time fighting this in the Army at this time fighting this in the Army at this time fighting this war in this war in this war in this place but for every action there's an place but for every action there's an place but for every action there's an equal and opposite reaction and it's equal and opposite reaction and it's equal and opposite reaction and it's hard not to notice that the Japanese hard not to notice that the Japanese hard not to notice that the Japanese were in this particular case reaping were in this particular case reaping were in this particular case reaping what they sowed what they sowed what they sowed of course where we are in the story of course where we are in the story of course where we are in the story right now the Japanese are doing a lot right now the Japanese are doing a lot right now the Japanese are doing a lot more sewing and it's the Allies that are more sewing and it's the Allies that are more sewing and it's the Allies that are doing the doing the doing the reaping this is one of the times in the reaping this is one of the times in the reaping this is one of the times in the story too when there seems to be a story too when there seems to be a story too when there seems to be a particular spike in atrocities in the particular spike in atrocities in the particular spike in atrocities in the story and there are two kinds the kind

story and there are two kinds the kind story and there are two kinds the kind that you could see the Allied troops that you could see the Allied troops that you could see the Allied troops engaging in as well and the kind you engaging in as well and the kind you engaging in as well and the kind you can't so for example the last battle of can't so for example the last battle of can't so for example the last battle of consequence during the Malayan campaign consequence during the Malayan campaign consequence during the Malayan campaign right this Japanese drive down the right this Japanese drive down the right this Japanese drive down the Malayan Peninsula which by the way by Malayan Peninsula which by the way by Malayan Peninsula which by the way by the time they reach Singapore uh end of the time they reach Singapore uh end of the time they reach Singapore uh end of January they will have fought and January they will have fought and January they will have fought and advanced 600 miles in 7 weeks against advanced 600 miles in 7 weeks against advanced 600 miles in 7 weeks against one of the armies with the highest one of the armies with the highest one of the armies with the highest reputations in military reputations in military reputations in military history and I think it's fair to say history and I think it's fair to say history and I think it's fair to say it's very fair to say this is not the it's very fair to say this is not the it's very fair to say this is not the first string team if we're talking about first string team if we're talking about first string team if we're talking about this like a college football game this this like a college football game this this like a college football game this may be Alabama but this isn't the first may be Alabama but this isn't the first may be Alabama but this isn't the first string but they're still wearing the string but they're still wearing the string but they're still wearing the uniforms as we said the first string is uniforms as we said the first string is uniforms as we said the first string is probably in North Africa right now probably in North Africa right now probably in North Africa right now fighting The Desert Fox irn fighting The Desert Fox irn fighting The Desert Fox irn raml but in this last battle of raml but in this last battle of raml but in this last battle of consequence in the Malayan campaign mid consequence in the Malayan campaign mid consequence in the Malayan campaign mid January uh some Australians and uh January uh some Australians and uh January uh some Australians and uh Indian troops Ambush a Japanese column Indian troops Ambush a Japanese column Indian troops Ambush a Japanese column on a bridge knock out a bunch of Tanks on a bridge knock out a bunch of Tanks on a bridge knock out a bunch of Tanks inflict like 500 to a th000 casualties inflict like 500 to a th000 casualties inflict like 500 to a th000 casualties get what I think is a pretty fair to say get what I think is a pretty fair to say get what I think is a pretty fair to say is a tactical victory at a time when is a tactical victory at a time when is a tactical victory at a time when they're already strategically defeated they're already strategically defeated they're already strategically defeated and at this point the Allied troops and at this point the Allied troops and at this point the Allied troops aren't fighting with one hand tie behind aren't fighting with one hand tie behind aren't fighting with one hand tie behind their back they're fighting with both their back they're fighting with both their back they're fighting with both hands tie behind their back and uh the hands tie behind their back and uh the hands tie behind their back and uh the the Australians and Indian troops will the Australians and Indian troops will the Australians and Indian troops will get outflanked and infiltrated you know get outflanked and infiltrated you know get outflanked and infiltrated you know the the typical routine that all the the the typical routine that all the the the typical routine that all the Allies get in this time period have to Allies get in this time period have to Allies get in this time period have to retreat back and at a certain point retreat back and at a certain point retreat back and at a certain point during the retreat the Japanese will get during the retreat the Japanese will get during the retreat the Japanese will get uh their hands on more than a 100 uh their hands on more than a 100 uh their hands on more than a 100 Australian and Indian wounded uh had to Australian and Indian wounded uh had to Australian and Indian wounded uh had to be left behind by trapped troops and

be left behind by trapped troops and be left behind by trapped troops and they will butcher they will butcher they will butcher them now as we said later in the war you them now as we said later in the war you them now as we said later in the war you might see Allied troops do this depends might see Allied troops do this depends might see Allied troops do this depends but you might that's part of that tit but you might that's part of that tit but you might that's part of that tit for Tat thing we were just talking about for Tat thing we were just talking about for Tat thing we were just talking about it's the other kind of atrocities the it's the other kind of atrocities the it's the other kind of atrocities the Japanese engage in that are relatively Japanese engage in that are relatively Japanese engage in that are relatively inexplicable and that Allied troops inexplicable and that Allied troops inexplicable and that Allied troops would never engage in certainly not on would never engage in certainly not on would never engage in certainly not on any large scale a perfect example of it any large scale a perfect example of it any large scale a perfect example of it will happen in February there will be an will happen in February there will be an will happen in February there will be an attempt by some people to get away from attempt by some people to get away from attempt by some people to get away from Singapore and a ship will be sunk by the Singapore and a ship will be sunk by the Singapore and a ship will be sunk by the Japanese the survivors will make it to Japanese the survivors will make it to Japanese the survivors will make it to Shore and the Japanese military there Shore and the Japanese military there Shore and the Japanese military there will kill the survivors now they were will kill the survivors now they were will kill the survivors now they were like I think I number like 50 or 60 uh like I think I number like 50 or 60 uh like I think I number like 50 or 60 uh uh troops British troops and and Friends uh troops British troops and and Friends uh troops British troops and and Friends uh but there were also more than 20 uh but there were also more than 20 uh but there were also more than 20 Australian nurses I mean these are girls Australian nurses I mean these are girls Australian nurses I mean these are girls in their 20s um that it appears were in their 20s um that it appears were in their 20s um that it appears were raped and then forced to walk out into raped and then forced to walk out into raped and then forced to walk out into the surf and when they got to waste the surf and when they got to waste the surf and when they got to waste level were machine gunned these are the level were machine gunned these are the level were machine gunned these are the kind of things that Allied troops did kind of things that Allied troops did kind of things that Allied troops did not do this is a different level of not do this is a different level of not do this is a different level of atrocity and it's the part that atrocity and it's the part that atrocity and it's the part that makes again you know when if you think makes again you know when if you think makes again you know when if you think human beings are an interesting species human beings are an interesting species human beings are an interesting species the questions related to why and how do the questions related to why and how do the questions related to why and how do these things happen and why do they these things happen and why do they these things happen and why do they happen when and where they do is a happen when and where they do is a happen when and where they do is a fascinating study and it should be fascinating study and it should be fascinating study and it should be emphasized that obviously this is emphasized that obviously this is emphasized that obviously this is something we've seen I mean they find something we've seen I mean they find something we've seen I mean they find the mass Graves of people this has the mass Graves of people this has the mass Graves of people this has happened to in prehistory but each

happened to in prehistory but each happened to in prehistory but each situation seems to be colored by the situation seems to be colored by the situation seems to be colored by the specifics and in this case this has specifics and in this case this has specifics and in this case this has something to do with the Japanese something to do with the Japanese something to do with the Japanese military especially the Japanese mil military especially the Japanese mil military especially the Japanese mil milary of this period what's going milary of this period what's going milary of this period what's going on well it can make a lot of people hate on well it can make a lot of people hate on well it can make a lot of people hate you but this is not stuff that anybody's you but this is not stuff that anybody's you but this is not stuff that anybody's broadcasting we should point out the broadcasting we should point out the broadcasting we should point out the Japanese public certainly knows nothing Japanese public certainly knows nothing Japanese public certainly knows nothing about this uh the other thing we should about this uh the other thing we should about this uh the other thing we should mention is with that with all these mention is with that with all these mention is with that with all these atrocities sometimes these stories don't atrocities sometimes these stories don't atrocities sometimes these stories don't come out till after the war Sometimes come out till after the war Sometimes come out till after the war Sometimes they come out in dribs and drabs they come out in dribs and drabs they come out in dribs and drabs certainly no one like a Biblical era certainly no one like a Biblical era certainly no one like a Biblical era ruler is broadcasting this right we m ruler is broadcasting this right we m ruler is broadcasting this right we m massed we raped and massacred a whole massed we raped and massacred a whole massed we raped and massacred a whole bunch of nurses in that last town that bunch of nurses in that last town that bunch of nurses in that last town that we took and uh Beware we're coming for we took and uh Beware we're coming for we took and uh Beware we're coming for you I mean it ain't that kind of deal in you I mean it ain't that kind of deal in you I mean it ain't that kind of deal in fact the uh denials continue to this day fact the uh denials continue to this day fact the uh denials continue to this day so a lot of this stuff comes out in war so a lot of this stuff comes out in war so a lot of this stuff comes out in war crimes trials later and obviously by crimes trials later and obviously by crimes trials later and obviously by their very nature these things do not their very nature these things do not their very nature these things do not lend themselves to Witnesses because the lend themselves to Witnesses because the lend themselves to Witnesses because the perpetrators are always hoping to kill perpetrators are always hoping to kill perpetrators are always hoping to kill all the all the all the witnesses it does sort of lay out the witnesses it does sort of lay out the witnesses it does sort of lay out the stakes a little bit for the people that stakes a little bit for the people that stakes a little bit for the people that might fall into Japanese hands and might fall into Japanese hands and might fall into Japanese hands and enough of the scuttlebutt will will be enough of the scuttlebutt will will be enough of the scuttlebutt will will be making it through the general public making it through the general public making it through the general public that they will do things in Malaya and that they will do things in Malaya and that they will do things in Malaya and Singapore like make sure that all the Singapore like make sure that all the Singapore like make sure that all the alcohol is destroyed if it's in the path alcohol is destroyed if it's in the path alcohol is destroyed if it's in the path of where the Japanese Army is going to of where the Japanese Army is going to of where the Japanese Army is going to March through you know just you don't March through you know just you don't March through you know just you don't want to take any chances if the want to take any chances if the want to take any chances if the commanders of those troops are trying to commanders of those troops are trying to commanders of those troops are trying to keep them in line the last thing you keep them in line the last thing you keep them in line the last thing you want to have happen is for them to want to have happen is for them to want to have happen is for them to stumble on a bunch of alcohol too just stumble on a bunch of alcohol too just stumble on a bunch of alcohol too just maybe a little maybe pushes them over maybe a little maybe pushes them over maybe a little maybe pushes them over the edge if they need to be pushed over

the edge if they need to be pushed over the edge if they need to be pushed over the the the edge after that last encounter uh in mid edge after that last encounter uh in mid edge after that last encounter uh in mid January late January uh the Allies are January late January uh the Allies are January late January uh the Allies are forced over the causeway you know the forced over the causeway you know the forced over the causeway you know the big bridge that separates Singapore from big bridge that separates Singapore from big bridge that separates Singapore from the mainland of Malaya The Fortress of the mainland of Malaya The Fortress of the mainland of Malaya The Fortress of Singapore the Allies Blow The Causeway Singapore the Allies Blow The Causeway Singapore the Allies Blow The Causeway and there they are now basically and there they are now basically and there they are now basically besieged of their own choice in besieged of their own choice in besieged of their own choice in Singapore which is a 270 square mile Singapore which is a 270 square mile Singapore which is a 270 square mile Place uh you think about Los Angeles Place uh you think about Los Angeles Place uh you think about Los Angeles greater area of Los Angeles it's like greater area of Los Angeles it's like greater area of Los Angeles it's like half that got a million people basically half that got a million people basically half that got a million people basically there and about 85,000 Soldiers the ja there and about 85,000 Soldiers the ja there and about 85,000 Soldiers the ja jaese Army that's going to come right up jaese Army that's going to come right up jaese Army that's going to come right up to the edge of the of the moat that to the edge of the of the moat that to the edge of the of the moat that separates uh Singapore from the mainland separates uh Singapore from the mainland separates uh Singapore from the mainland has like 30 to 35,000 troops I don't has like 30 to 35,000 troops I don't has like 30 to 35,000 troops I don't have to tell you and you don't have to have to tell you and you don't have to have to tell you and you don't have to be a math major to know that's like a be a math major to know that's like a be a math major to know that's like a third of what they're facing uh maybe a third of what they're facing uh maybe a third of what they're facing uh maybe a little less than a third but the British little less than a third but the British little less than a third but the British Empire when they do get defeated Empire when they do get defeated Empire when they do get defeated especially a guy like Churchill who especially a guy like Churchill who especially a guy like Churchill who remembers the much uh you know should we remembers the much uh you know should we remembers the much uh you know should we call it Kipling IED uh history of call it Kipling IED uh history of call it Kipling IED uh history of Victorian British colonial Conquest when Victorian British colonial Conquest when Victorian British colonial Conquest when when when the British are defeated it's when when the British are defeated it's when when the British are defeated it's it's it's dozens of Plucky Englishmen it's it's dozens of Plucky Englishmen it's it's dozens of Plucky Englishmen that are overrun after killing you know that are overrun after killing you know that are overrun after killing you know thousands of the tens of thousands that thousands of the tens of thousands that thousands of the tens of thousands that of Zulus or dervishes or tribesmen in of Zulus or dervishes or tribesmen in of Zulus or dervishes or tribesmen in Afghanistan whatever it might be it's a Afghanistan whatever it might be it's a Afghanistan whatever it might be it's a total flip of the script here to have total flip of the script here to have total flip of the script here to have the uh non-european forces be the ones the uh non-european forces be the ones the uh non-european forces be the ones that are badly outnumbered and yet have that are badly outnumbered and yet have that are badly outnumbered and yet have the Imperial forces On The

the Imperial forces On The the Imperial forces On The Run it's embarrassing and more than that Run it's embarrassing and more than that Run it's embarrassing and more than that the optics for the British Empire could the optics for the British Empire could the optics for the British Empire could would be would be would be deadly this forces Churchill into all deadly this forces Churchill into all deadly this forces Churchill into all kinds of interesting decisions of the kinds of interesting decisions of the kinds of interesting decisions of the sort that are fascinating reading today sort that are fascinating reading today sort that are fascinating reading today but have to make you if you have any but have to make you if you have any but have to make you if you have any empathy in you at all have to make you empathy in you at all have to make you empathy in you at all have to make you glad that you don't have the the soul glad that you don't have the the soul glad that you don't have the the soul crushing decision-making responsibility crushing decision-making responsibility crushing decision-making responsibility that people like church will have in in that people like church will have in in that people like church will have in in this situation not that he makes the this situation not that he makes the this situation not that he makes the right choice at all but think about what right choice at all but think about what right choice at all but think about what the choice is at the beginning of the choice is at the beginning of the choice is at the beginning of January Winston Churchill still seems to January Winston Churchill still seems to January Winston Churchill still seems to be operating under the idea because he's be operating under the idea because he's be operating under the idea because he's led to believe this that the Fortress of led to believe this that the Fortress of led to believe this that the Fortress of Singapore is going to be this great Singapore is going to be this great Singapore is going to be this great defensive Bastion that no matter what defensive Bastion that no matter what defensive Bastion that no matter what happens in Malaya will hold out be a happens in Malaya will hold out be a happens in Malaya will hold out be a thorn in the side of the Japanese empire thorn in the side of the Japanese empire thorn in the side of the Japanese empire be this place they could rally and and be this place they could rally and and be this place they could rally and and form a Counterattack I mean it will form a Counterattack I mean it will form a Counterattack I mean it will still be the the Lynch pin of the still be the the Lynch pin of the still be the the Lynch pin of the defense of the entire defense of the entire defense of the entire region and by the end of January region and by the end of January region and by the end of January Churchill because again what he's been Churchill because again what he's been Churchill because again what he's been told by people on the scene now believes told by people on the scene now believes told by people on the scene now believes that no matter how many troops are that no matter how many troops are that no matter how many troops are thrown into Singapore it's basically thrown into Singapore it's basically thrown into Singapore it's basically indefensible you can't stop it from indefensible you can't stop it from indefensible you can't stop it from falling so what do you do the first of the two hard choices for the first of the two hard choices for Churchill Churchill Churchill concerns what you do once you connect concerns what you do once you connect concerns what you do once you connect the dots and decide Singapore can't be the dots and decide Singapore can't be the dots and decide Singapore can't be held now there are shall we call them held now there are shall we call them held now there are shall we call them the ultimate Monday morning quarterbacks the ultimate Monday morning quarterbacks the ultimate Monday morning quarterbacks today who will point out that knowing today who will point out that knowing today who will point out that knowing what we know now Singapore could have what we know now Singapore could have what we know now Singapore could have been held the Japanese were in been held the Japanese were in been held the Japanese were in precarious Supply situations there'll be precarious Supply situations there'll be precarious Supply situations there'll be a lot of things thrown out there but a lot of things thrown out there but a lot of things thrown out there but remember there's this thing called the

remember there's this thing called the remember there's this thing called the fog of fog of fog of War which is connected to what War which is connected to what War which is connected to what commanders on the ground commanders on the ground commanders on the ground no and often times they can be bluffed no and often times they can be bluffed no and often times they can be bluffed and it's this is a a well-known I mean and it's this is a a well-known I mean and it's this is a a well-known I mean yamashta was bluffing and hoping that yamashta was bluffing and hoping that yamashta was bluffing and hoping that the enemy wouldn't know his weaknesses the enemy wouldn't know his weaknesses the enemy wouldn't know his weaknesses but that's a pretty traditional thing but that's a pretty traditional thing but that's a pretty traditional thing Churchill was getting information from Churchill was getting information from Churchill was getting information from the people on the ground that Singapore the people on the ground that Singapore the people on the ground that Singapore couldn't be held so do you send more couldn't be held so do you send more couldn't be held so do you send more reinforcements there because reinforcements there because reinforcements there because reinforcements are on the way reinforcements are on the way reinforcements are on the way already Churchill points out that there already Churchill points out that there already Churchill points out that there are places like Burma where these are places like Burma where these are places like Burma where these reinforcements could mean the difference reinforcements could mean the difference reinforcements could mean the difference between saving or losing Burma and he between saving or losing Burma and he between saving or losing Burma and he says if we make the wrong choice here we says if we make the wrong choice here we says if we make the wrong choice here we could end up losing both but understand could end up losing both but understand could end up losing both but understand something the British have not publicly something the British have not publicly something the British have not publicly written off the people in Singapore the written off the people in Singapore the written off the people in Singapore the million civilians the 85,000 soldiers so million civilians the 85,000 soldiers so million civilians the 85,000 soldiers so if you divert reinforcements from there if you divert reinforcements from there if you divert reinforcements from there what are you saying to them what's more what are you saying to them what's more what are you saying to them what's more while Churchill's having these meetings while Churchill's having these meetings while Churchill's having these meetings that are supposed to be pretty closed that are supposed to be pretty closed that are supposed to be pretty closed doors sometimes they're not as closed doors sometimes they're not as closed doors sometimes they're not as closed door as everyone hopes and somehow the door as everyone hopes and somehow the door as everyone hopes and somehow the Australian prime minister gets word Australian prime minister gets word Australian prime minister gets word theur Churchill's considering this with theur Churchill's considering this with theur Churchill's considering this with his staff and talking about it and his staff and talking about it and his staff and talking about it and writes um a letter that Churchill writes um a letter that Churchill writes um a letter that Churchill publishes in his Works basically saying publishes in his Works basically saying publishes in his Works basically saying after all we've done for you you would after all we've done for you you would after all we've done for you you would run and abandon Singapore which we've run and abandon Singapore which we've run and abandon Singapore which we've you know because of your assurances made you know because of your assurances made you know because of your assurances made a Lynch pin of our defense strategy too a Lynch pin of our defense strategy too a Lynch pin of our defense strategy too and our troops are way off fighting for and our troops are way off fighting for and our troops are way off fighting for you in North Africa and places like that you in North Africa and places like that you in North Africa and places like that in the Alli cause and the 177,000 or so in the Alli cause and the 177,000 or so in the Alli cause and the 177,000 or so that are here close by are in Singapore that are here close by are in Singapore that are here close by are in Singapore now and you're telling me they're

now and you're telling me they're now and you're telling me they're trapped there and you're not going I trapped there and you're not going I trapped there and you're not going I mean the the Optics of this become a mean the the Optics of this become a mean the the Optics of this become a problem how many people are you willing problem how many people are you willing problem how many people are you willing to sacrifice for Optics though so to sacrifice for Optics though so to sacrifice for Optics though so Churchill has to debate these questions Churchill has to debate these questions Churchill has to debate these questions and eventually he will decide that it's and eventually he will decide that it's and eventually he will decide that it's more important to send troops to the more important to send troops to the more important to send troops to the island even if you're just adding to the island even if you're just adding to the island even if you're just adding to the number of prisoners the Japanese will number of prisoners the Japanese will number of prisoners the Japanese will eventually get to take there's another question and this take there's another question and this has to do with how hard everybody has to has to do with how hard everybody has to has to do with how hard everybody has to resist on this island and Churchill I resist on this island and Churchill I resist on this island and Churchill I think it's fair to say that he goes from think it's fair to say that he goes from think it's fair to say that he goes from from from being pretty sure of things in from from being pretty sure of things in from from being pretty sure of things in in the beginning of January to right in the beginning of January to right in the beginning of January to right around it's the 19th and the 20th of around it's the 19th and the 20th of around it's the 19th and the 20th of January 1942 when the the light bulb January 1942 when the the light bulb January 1942 when the the light bulb goes on and he almost has my opinion goes on and he almost has my opinion goes on and he almost has my opinion only but he almost looks like he panics only but he almost looks like he panics only but he almost looks like he panics a little bit or freaks out about the a little bit or freaks out about the a little bit or freaks out about the situation and decides that because he situation and decides that because he situation and decides that because he even says this because the Russians are even says this because the Russians are even says this because the Russians are fighting so fiercely against the fighting so fiercely against the fighting so fiercely against the spearheads of elite German divisions you spearheads of elite German divisions you spearheads of elite German divisions you know for their life in Moscow and know for their life in Moscow and know for their life in Moscow and putting a pretty darn good account of putting a pretty darn good account of putting a pretty darn good account of themselves and the Americans are themselves and the Americans are themselves and the Americans are resisting stubbornly in the Philippines resisting stubbornly in the Philippines resisting stubbornly in the Philippines it would look terrible if we didn't it would look terrible if we didn't it would look terrible if we didn't resist well too Church resist well too Church resist well too Church issues commands I mean he's the Prime issues commands I mean he's the Prime issues commands I mean he's the Prime Minister on multiple occasions the first Minister on multiple occasions the first Minister on multiple occasions the first one that I see is on uh pretty much the one that I see is on uh pretty much the one that I see is on uh pretty much the 19th where he tells the people in 19th where he tells the people in 19th where he tells the people in Singapore that you've got to fight to Singapore that you've got to fight to Singapore that you've got to fight to the the the death and as time goes on basically death and as time goes on basically death and as time goes on basically looks like he wants this to be Berlin in looks like he wants this to be Berlin in looks like he wants this to be Berlin in 1945 and every strong point is going to 1945 and every strong point is going to 1945 and every strong point is going to be destroyed individually the officers be destroyed individually the officers be destroyed individually the officers will die with their man and the the will die with their man and the the will die with their man and the the ruins of Singapore will be our tomb kind ruins of Singapore will be our tomb kind ruins of Singapore will be our tomb kind of of of thing for example on January 19th 1942

thing for example on January 19th 1942 thing for example on January 19th 1942 in this is right when he becomes aware in this is right when he becomes aware in this is right when he becomes aware that this is an issue uh he will issue a that this is an issue uh he will issue a that this is an issue uh he will issue a bunch of different orders to the bunch of different orders to the bunch of different orders to the commander on the scene uh listed a commander on the scene uh listed a commander on the scene uh listed a through J I believe the the list and um through J I believe the the list and um through J I believe the the list and um starting with a point H and this is by starting with a point H and this is by starting with a point H and this is by the way this is a Churchill to General the way this is a Churchill to General the way this is a Churchill to General Isme Point H says and continuing quote Isme Point H says and continuing quote Isme Point H says and continuing quote the entire male population meaning of the entire male population meaning of the entire male population meaning of Singapore should be employed upon Singapore should be employed upon Singapore should be employed upon constructing defense works the most constructing defense works the most constructing defense works the most rigorous compulsion is to be used used rigorous compulsion is to be used used rigorous compulsion is to be used used up to the Limit where picks and shovels up to the Limit where picks and shovels up to the Limit where picks and shovels are available not only must the defense are available not only must the defense are available not only must the defense of Singapore Island be maintained by of Singapore Island be maintained by of Singapore Island be maintained by every means but the whole island must be every means but the whole island must be every means but the whole island must be fought for until every single unit and fought for until every single unit and fought for until every single unit and every single strong point has been every single strong point has been every single strong point has been separately destroyed finally he writes separately destroyed finally he writes separately destroyed finally he writes the city of Singapore must be converted the city of Singapore must be converted the city of Singapore must be converted into a citadel and defended to the death into a citadel and defended to the death into a citadel and defended to the death no surrender can be no surrender can be no surrender can be contemplated end contemplated end contemplated end quote so you have here a place that he's quote so you have here a place that he's quote so you have here a place that he's now believing is indefensible right you now believing is indefensible right you now believing is indefensible right you have no options of winning but you have have no options of winning but you have have no options of winning but you have to lose like this for depends on what to lose like this for depends on what to lose like this for depends on what you want to label it Optics or Pride or you want to label it Optics or Pride or you want to label it Optics or Pride or honor and before we dismiss this stuff honor and before we dismiss this stuff honor and before we dismiss this stuff as you know window dressing that's not as you know window dressing that's not as you know window dressing that's not worth the lives of real people let's worth the lives of real people let's worth the lives of real people let's realize that you know you're only a realize that you know you're only a realize that you know you're only a couple of dominoes tumbling before those couple of dominoes tumbling before those couple of dominoes tumbling before those seemingly amorphous hard to quantify seemingly amorphous hard to quantify seemingly amorphous hard to quantify words actually equals real people you

words actually equals real people you words actually equals real people you think how much The Prestige of the think how much The Prestige of the think how much The Prestige of the British Empire forms one of the pillars British Empire forms one of the pillars British Empire forms one of the pillars that holds it up and what if something that holds it up and what if something that holds it up and what if something like that is uh badly damaged if people like that is uh badly damaged if people like that is uh badly damaged if people in India were to for example Revolt in India were to for example Revolt in India were to for example Revolt India is a little like China in the India is a little like China in the India is a little like China in the sense that whenever there's an upheaval sense that whenever there's an upheaval sense that whenever there's an upheaval it ends up costing a lot of lives it ends up costing a lot of lives it ends up costing a lot of lives because there's a lot of people it would because there's a lot of people it would because there's a lot of people it would also cost a war effort where the British also cost a war effort where the British also cost a war effort where the British had to then send forces to India to had to then send forces to India to had to then send forces to India to quell problems and maintain I mean it quell problems and maintain I mean it quell problems and maintain I mean it may sound like a non-real thing the may sound like a non-real thing the may sound like a non-real thing the pride and the honor and The Prestige of pride and the honor and The Prestige of pride and the honor and The Prestige of the British Empire but believe me the British Empire but believe me the British Empire but believe me everything in the middle of this war is everything in the middle of this war is everything in the middle of this war is going to devolve to the same thing at going to devolve to the same thing at going to devolve to the same thing at the lowest common denominator and that's the lowest common denominator and that's the lowest common denominator and that's going to be life and going to be life and going to be life and death and Churchill wants these people death and Churchill wants these people death and Churchill wants these people to put a good showing because it will to put a good showing because it will to put a good showing because it will help cement you know the British pride help cement you know the British pride help cement you know the British pride and honor and he basically says that and honor and he basically says that and honor and he basically says that openly when on February 10th when things openly when on February 10th when things openly when on February 10th when things are much much worse and the situation in are much much worse and the situation in are much much worse and the situation in Singapore has changed dramatically Singapore has changed dramatically Singapore has changed dramatically Churchill is still of the opinion that Churchill is still of the opinion that Churchill is still of the opinion that there has to be a god of damang there has to be a god of damang there has to be a god of damang here he writes a letter to General here he writes a letter to General here he writes a letter to General waville who is the overall commander in waville who is the overall commander in waville who is the overall commander in the theater and says the theater and says the theater and says quote I think you ought to realize the quote I think you ought to realize the quote I think you ought to realize the way we view the situation in Singapore way we view the situation in Singapore way we view the situation in Singapore it was reported to the cabinet by cigs it was reported to the cabinet by cigs it was reported to the cabinet by cigs that peral meaning General peral in that peral meaning General peral in that peral meaning General peral in Singapore has over 100,000 men of whom Singapore has over 100,000 men of whom Singapore has over 100,000 men of whom 33,000 are British and 17,000 Australian

33,000 are British and 17,000 Australian 33,000 are British and 17,000 Australian it is doubtful whether the Japanese have it is doubtful whether the Japanese have it is doubtful whether the Japanese have as many in the whole Malay Peninsula as many in the whole Malay Peninsula as many in the whole Malay Peninsula namely five divisions forward in the namely five divisions forward in the namely five divisions forward in the sixth coming up in these circumstances sixth coming up in these circumstances sixth coming up in these circumstances he writes The Defenders must greatly he writes The Defenders must greatly he writes The Defenders must greatly outnumber Japanese forces who have outnumber Japanese forces who have outnumber Japanese forces who have crossed the Straits and in a crossed the Straits and in a crossed the Straits and in a well-contested battle they should well-contested battle they should well-contested battle they should destroy them there must at this stage be destroy them there must at this stage be destroy them there must at this stage be no thought of saving the troops or no thought of saving the troops or no thought of saving the troops or sparing the population the battle must sparing the population the battle must sparing the population the battle must be fought to The Bitter End at all costs be fought to The Bitter End at all costs be fought to The Bitter End at all costs the 18th division has a chance to make the 18th division has a chance to make the 18th division has a chance to make its name in history commanders and its name in history commanders and its name in history commanders and Senior officers should die with their Senior officers should die with their Senior officers should die with their troops the honor of the British Empire troops the honor of the British Empire troops the honor of the British Empire and of the British army is at stake I and of the British army is at stake I and of the British army is at stake I rely on you to show no mercy to weakness rely on you to show no mercy to weakness rely on you to show no mercy to weakness in any form with the Russians fighting in any form with the Russians fighting in any form with the Russians fighting as they are and the Americans so as they are and the Americans so as they are and the Americans so stubborn at L on the whole reputation of stubborn at L on the whole reputation of stubborn at L on the whole reputation of our country and our race is involved it our country and our race is involved it our country and our race is involved it is expected that every unit will be is expected that every unit will be is expected that every unit will be brought into close contact with the brought into close contact with the brought into close contact with the Enemy and fight it out end quote Enemy and fight it out end quote Enemy and fight it out end quote when that particular order I should say when that particular order I should say when that particular order I should say reaches waville waville adds some more reaches waville waville adds some more reaches waville waville adds some more things to it mentioning hey and the things to it mentioning hey and the things to it mentioning hey and the Chinese have been fighting for four Chinese have been fighting for four Chinese have been fighting for four years against these people so adds a years against these people so adds a years against these people so adds a little bit more hands the order down to little bit more hands the order down to little bit more hands the order down to General persal and command at the scene General persal and command at the scene General persal and command at the scene peral adds a little almost chastisement peral adds a little almost chastisement peral adds a little almost chastisement which you can see in Churchill's writing which you can see in Churchill's writing which you can see in Churchill's writing too a little bit of like hey you too a little bit of like hey you too a little bit of like hey you outnumber the enemy and then persal outnumber the enemy and then persal outnumber the enemy and then persal hands this note to his underlings who hands this note to his underlings who hands this note to his underlings who are supposed to distribute the message are supposed to distribute the message are supposed to distribute the message to the Troops and I was reading I think to the Troops and I was reading I think to the Troops and I was reading I think it was in the Battle for Singapore Peter it was in the Battle for Singapore Peter it was in the Battle for Singapore Peter Thompson's book where he says a bunch of

Thompson's book where he says a bunch of Thompson's book where he says a bunch of these commanders simply ripped up the these commanders simply ripped up the these commanders simply ripped up the order and and most never told them what order and and most never told them what order and and most never told them what the commanders were saying because they the commanders were saying because they the commanders were saying because they knew that the troops on the ground were knew that the troops on the ground were knew that the troops on the ground were being treated as though they were you being treated as though they were you being treated as though they were you know top-notch ready to go right off the know top-notch ready to go right off the know top-notch ready to go right off the parade grounds but also veterans instead parade grounds but also veterans instead parade grounds but also veterans instead of these people who have been fighting of these people who have been fighting of these people who have been fighting in these horrible conditions over and in these horrible conditions over and in these horrible conditions over and over since the Japanese landed on Malaya over since the Japanese landed on Malaya over since the Japanese landed on Malaya December 8th I mean a bunch of people December 8th I mean a bunch of people December 8th I mean a bunch of people who've already who are exhausted and who've already who are exhausted and who've already who are exhausted and they're being chastised for not putting they're being chastised for not putting they're being chastised for not putting up a good enough fight when we've up a good enough fight when we've up a good enough fight when we've ordered you die to the death because it ordered you die to the death because it ordered you die to the death because it doesn't look good I think if you were on doesn't look good I think if you were on doesn't look good I think if you were on the ground and you were one of these the ground and you were one of these the ground and you were one of these soldiers you might be a little bit soldiers you might be a little bit soldiers you might be a little bit bitter at a bunch of people that bitter at a bunch of people that bitter at a bunch of people that basically inferred you haven't fought basically inferred you haven't fought basically inferred you haven't fought well enough when you've been fighting well enough when you've been fighting well enough when you've been fighting with both hands tied behind your back with both hands tied behind your back with both hands tied behind your back now for weeks because on the last day of now for weeks because on the last day of now for weeks because on the last day of January as we said the causeway is blown January as we said the causeway is blown January as we said the causeway is blown up Singapore's cut off you have a moot up Singapore's cut off you have a moot up Singapore's cut off you have a moot separating the 30 to 35,000 Japanese separating the 30 to 35,000 Japanese separating the 30 to 35,000 Japanese troops from the 85,000 Imperial Troop troops from the 85,000 Imperial Troop troops from the 85,000 Imperial Troop troops in Singapore with the million troops in Singapore with the million troops in Singapore with the million civilians in civilians in civilians in Singapore and in a phase of this war Singapore and in a phase of this war Singapore and in a phase of this war where we've pointed out over and over where we've pointed out over and over where we've pointed out over and over there's a ton of finger pointing you there's a ton of finger pointing you there's a ton of finger pointing you know who's responsible for Pearl Harbor know who's responsible for Pearl Harbor know who's responsible for Pearl Harbor who's responsible for this and that this who's responsible for this and that this who's responsible for this and that this is the finger pointing moment of all is the finger pointing moment of all is the finger pointing moment of all where the hell are the defenses in where the hell are the defenses in where the hell are the defenses in Singapore The Fortress Singapore The Fortress Singapore The Fortress City if this Fortress Singapore idea is City if this Fortress Singapore idea is City if this Fortress Singapore idea is like a marketing scam Winston Churchill like a marketing scam Winston Churchill like a marketing scam Winston Churchill kind of portrays himself as the most kind of portrays himself as the most kind of portrays himself as the most prominent person to buy deeply into the

prominent person to buy deeply into the prominent person to buy deeply into the hype and if we take him at his word um hype and if we take him at his word um hype and if we take him at his word um and he was thinking of maybe what and he was thinking of maybe what and he was thinking of maybe what defenses were like in places that had defenses were like in places that had defenses were like in places that had good defenses ineffective though they good defenses ineffective though they good defenses ineffective though they may have been from this time period you may have been from this time period you may have been from this time period you think of the majino line in France you think of the majino line in France you think of the majino line in France you think of the Czech defenses that so think of the Czech defenses that so think of the Czech defenses that so unnerved Hitler before he was able to unnerved Hitler before he was able to unnerved Hitler before he was able to get them through negotiation instead and get them through negotiation instead and get them through negotiation instead and intimidation if that were the case on intimidation if that were the case on intimidation if that were the case on Singapore uh might have been a really Singapore uh might have been a really Singapore uh might have been a really hard nut to C but of course as Churchill hard nut to C but of course as Churchill hard nut to C but of course as Churchill points out he found out several things points out he found out several things points out he found out several things all at once he found out those big guns all at once he found out those big guns all at once he found out those big guns that everybody counts on to be so that everybody counts on to be so that everybody counts on to be so formidable and disrupt anything really formidable and disrupt anything really formidable and disrupt anything really are meant to be used against Naval are meant to be used against Naval are meant to be used against Naval targets uh I we used to be taught that targets uh I we used to be taught that targets uh I we used to be taught that they couldn't spin around to hit they couldn't spin around to hit they couldn't spin around to hit anything on land but apparently that's anything on land but apparently that's anything on land but apparently that's not true at all the problem has to do not true at all the problem has to do not true at all the problem has to do more with the fact that they have a lot more with the fact that they have a lot more with the fact that they have a lot of armor-piercing shells and not a lot of armor-piercing shells and not a lot of armor-piercing shells and not a lot of high explosive ones and those big of high explosive ones and those big of high explosive ones and those big armor piercing shells just bury armor piercing shells just bury armor piercing shells just bury themselves in the jungle or the Earth themselves in the jungle or the Earth themselves in the jungle or the Earth they don't do much damage they don't do much damage they don't do much damage damage and because these are naval guns damage and because these are naval guns damage and because these are naval guns the trajectory is pretty flat on these the trajectory is pretty flat on these the trajectory is pretty flat on these things which makes them useless in a things which makes them useless in a things which makes them useless in a counter battery role and what that means counter battery role and what that means counter battery role and what that means is when the Japanese pull up their is when the Japanese pull up their is when the Japanese pull up their artillery to Shell Singapore they're artillery to Shell Singapore they're artillery to Shell Singapore they're going to have these howitzers and things going to have these howitzers and things going to have these howitzers and things that lob shells you know in a high arc that lob shells you know in a high arc that lob shells you know in a high arc they can be behind forests or Hills or they can be behind forests or Hills or they can be behind forests or Hills or whatever those flat trajectory guns whatever those flat trajectory guns whatever those flat trajectory guns can't hit them so if you have nothing to can't hit them so if you have nothing to can't hit them so if you have nothing to stop the Japanese from pulling their stop the Japanese from pulling their stop the Japanese from pulling their artillery closeup and bombarding artillery closeup and bombarding artillery closeup and bombarding Singapore sing is in big Singapore sing is in big Singapore sing is in big trouble then there is the landw

trouble then there is the landw trouble then there is the landw stuff this boils down though to the stuff this boils down though to the stuff this boils down though to the reason we spent so much time on these reason we spent so much time on these reason we spent so much time on these pre-war planners who underestimated pre-war planners who underestimated pre-war planners who underestimated Japanese capabilities because when the Japanese capabilities because when the Japanese capabilities because when the Japanese prove that they can do things Japanese prove that they can do things Japanese prove that they can do things that the pre-war planners didn't think that the pre-war planners didn't think that the pre-war planners didn't think they could they could they could do the defenses that Singapore was do the defenses that Singapore was do the defenses that Singapore was relying on are completely inadequate relying on are completely inadequate relying on are completely inadequate truth be told most armies could not truth be told most armies could not truth be told most armies could not launch an amphibious assault Across The launch an amphibious assault Across The launch an amphibious assault Across The Straits of jeor Under Fire successfully Straits of jeor Under Fire successfully Straits of jeor Under Fire successfully and if you're a military planner in 1939 and if you're a military planner in 1939 and if you're a military planner in 1939 and someone says can the Japanese do and someone says can the Japanese do and someone says can the Japanese do that a lot of these military planners that a lot of these military planners that a lot of these military planners would have said are you crazy I can would have said are you crazy I can would have said are you crazy I can count the number of armies that can do count the number of armies that can do count the number of armies that can do that on half of one hand right but the that on half of one hand right but the that on half of one hand right but the Japanese could do that and prove it on Japanese could do that and prove it on Japanese could do that and prove it on February 8th 1942 at night of course February 8th 1942 at night of course February 8th 1942 at night of course when they launch a D-Day type assault when they launch a D-Day type assault when they launch a D-Day type assault Under Fire at night which they didn't Under Fire at night which they didn't Under Fire at night which they didn't even do at Normandy and by morning have even do at Normandy and by morning have even do at Normandy and by morning have landed 13 to 14,000 guys and have landed 13 to 14,000 guys and have landed 13 to 14,000 guys and have established a beach head established a beach head established a beach head now they did have one of the heaviest uh now they did have one of the heaviest uh now they did have one of the heaviest uh bombardments from the Japanese side of bombardments from the Japanese side of bombardments from the Japanese side of things uh for the entire War now the things uh for the entire War now the things uh for the entire War now the Japanese were not big land artillery Japanese were not big land artillery Japanese were not big land artillery people especially not Mast artillery but people especially not Mast artillery but people especially not Mast artillery but here they lobbed almost 990,000 shells here they lobbed almost 990,000 shells here they lobbed almost 990,000 shells against the northern coast of Singapore against the northern coast of Singapore against the northern coast of Singapore created chaos disrupted all kinds of created chaos disrupted all kinds of created chaos disrupted all kinds of things and then when these Japanese hit things and then when these Japanese hit things and then when these Japanese hit the water to cross this you know little the water to cross this you know little the water to cross this you know little less than a mile in some places wide I less than a mile in some places wide I less than a mile in some places wide I called it a moat uh when they when they called it a moat uh when they when they called it a moat uh when they when they cross it they're Crossing it in some cross it they're Crossing it in some cross it they're Crossing it in some places on Armored troop ships you know places on Armored troop ships you know places on Armored troop ships you know armored barges I mean talk about

armored barges I mean talk about armored barges I mean talk about planning talk about capabilities there's planning talk about capabilities there's planning talk about capabilities there's an Elegance to this that you would have an Elegance to this that you would have an Elegance to this that you would have expected to see only in the best armies expected to see only in the best armies expected to see only in the best armies a coordination this is hard stuff to do a coordination this is hard stuff to do a coordination this is hard stuff to do and not screw up and by February 9th and not screw up and by February 9th and not screw up and by February 9th 1942 they are in place in the Northwest 1942 they are in place in the Northwest 1942 they are in place in the Northwest part of Singapore island with an part of Singapore island with an part of Singapore island with an established Beach head by the way the established Beach head by the way the established Beach head by the way the next next next day is when Churchill writes that order day is when Churchill writes that order day is when Churchill writes that order we just quoted the standard die order we just quoted the standard die order we just quoted the standard die order and by then he would have known that and by then he would have known that and by then he would have known that there were Japanese troops on the there were Japanese troops on the there were Japanese troops on the island the Japanese um assault Force did island the Japanese um assault Force did island the Japanese um assault Force did not have to face the heavy defenses that not have to face the heavy defenses that not have to face the heavy defenses that everyone had thought might be there everyone had thought might be there everyone had thought might be there didn't have to face the bunkers didn't didn't have to face the bunkers didn't didn't have to face the bunkers didn't have to face uh a lot of pill boxes and have to face uh a lot of pill boxes and have to face uh a lot of pill boxes and and landmines and barbed wire what they and landmines and barbed wire what they and landmines and barbed wire what they did have to face was put together rather did have to face was put together rather did have to face was put together rather hastily we should point out that some of hastily we should point out that some of hastily we should point out that some of these Japanese troops are Imperial Guard these Japanese troops are Imperial Guard these Japanese troops are Imperial Guard forces they're considered the emperor's forces they're considered the emperor's forces they're considered the emperor's own Samurai they are veteran troops as own Samurai they are veteran troops as own Samurai they are veteran troops as well they are particularly tip of the well they are particularly tip of the well they are particularly tip of the spear type spear type spear type guys and from this moment on the guys and from this moment on the guys and from this moment on the Singapore situation will degenerate to Singapore situation will degenerate to Singapore situation will degenerate to the point where it won't even be a week the point where it won't even be a week the point where it won't even be a week after Churchill's you know stand and die after Churchill's you know stand and die after Churchill's you know stand and die orders that Singapore will orders that Singapore will orders that Singapore will capitulate that doesn't look capitulate that doesn't look capitulate that doesn't look good A lot of people have been hammered good A lot of people have been hammered good A lot of people have been hammered for why this happens but if you actually for why this happens but if you actually for why this happens but if you actually get a book and read all the specifics get a book and read all the specifics get a book and read all the specifics it's Murphy's Law could not have it's Murphy's Law could not have it's Murphy's Law could not have intervened more and there's all kinds of intervened more and there's all kinds of intervened more and there's all kinds of things where you have no idea who to things where you have no idea who to things where you have no idea who to blame although different people always

blame although different people always blame although different people always do take for example there's more than do take for example there's more than do take for example there's more than once where key orders are misinterpreted once where key orders are misinterpreted once where key orders are misinterpreted so who's at fault there the the high so who's at fault there the the high so who's at fault there the the high command that issued the order that was command that issued the order that was command that issued the order that was misinterpreted or the lower commanders misinterpreted or the lower commanders misinterpreted or the lower commanders that read the order and misinterpret it that read the order and misinterpret it that read the order and misinterpret it there's a bunch of those kinds of things there's a bunch of those kinds of things there's a bunch of those kinds of things I mean whole units and parts of the line I mean whole units and parts of the line I mean whole units and parts of the line will pull back um incorrectly will pull back um incorrectly will pull back um incorrectly threatening the rest of the line that threatening the rest of the line that threatening the rest of the line that has to then I mean and the Japanese are has to then I mean and the Japanese are has to then I mean and the Japanese are filtrating like crazy and I had to think filtrating like crazy and I had to think filtrating like crazy and I had to think for a while what might even account for for a while what might even account for for a while what might even account for why they were so effective at this and why they were so effective at this and why they were so effective at this and just my own Theory here and it's just my own Theory here and it's just my own Theory here and it's probably already been proposed by much probably already been proposed by much probably already been proposed by much smarter people but let me just throw it smarter people but let me just throw it smarter people but let me just throw it out there because infiltration as you out there because infiltration as you out there because infiltration as you military history nuts know is not a new military history nuts know is not a new military history nuts know is not a new thing the Germans were doing it with thing the Germans were doing it with thing the Germans were doing it with Storm Troopers in the last World War Storm Troopers in the last World War Storm Troopers in the last World War bunch of militaries do it in this war bunch of militaries do it in this war bunch of militaries do it in this war but infiltration essentially means sort but infiltration essentially means sort but infiltration essentially means sort of hiding behind things and moving up of hiding behind things and moving up of hiding behind things and moving up and and bypassing strong points and and and bypassing strong points and and and bypassing strong points and whatnot well if you're doing this on a whatnot well if you're doing this on a whatnot well if you're doing this on a golf course it's got one level of golf course it's got one level of golf course it's got one level of Effectiveness if you're doing it in the Effectiveness if you're doing it in the Effectiveness if you're doing it in the jungle think about how much more jungle think about how much more jungle think about how much more effective it's an amplifier to the effective it's an amplifier to the effective it's an amplifier to the infiltration tactics the other thing infiltration tactics the other thing infiltration tactics the other thing that the Japanese have going for them is that the Japanese have going for them is that the Japanese have going for them is kind of you hate to say it's kind of kind of you hate to say it's kind of kind of you hate to say it's kind of cool because I mean but it's it's we cool because I mean but it's it's we cool because I mean but it's it's we talked about earlier how how the talked about earlier how how the talked about earlier how how the willingness to expend human lives on the willingness to expend human lives on the willingness to expend human lives on the part of Japanese commanders gave them an part of Japanese commanders gave them an part of Japanese commanders gave them an arrow in their you know decision quiver arrow in their you know decision quiver arrow in their you know decision quiver their command quiver that most military their command quiver that most military their command quiver that most military leaders don't have and one of them is leaders don't have and one of them is leaders don't have and one of them is the willingness to allow their troops to the willingness to allow their troops to the willingness to allow their troops to trap themselves Behind Enemy Lines trap themselves Behind Enemy Lines trap themselves Behind Enemy Lines because that's what infiltration because that's what infiltration because that's what infiltration essentially means what's the worst thing

essentially means what's the worst thing essentially means what's the worst thing that can happen to you on a battlefield that can happen to you on a battlefield that can happen to you on a battlefield you get surrounded by the enemy right you get surrounded by the enemy right you get surrounded by the enemy right infiltrators are deliberately moving infiltrators are deliberately moving infiltrators are deliberately moving Behind Enemy Lines and putting Behind Enemy Lines and putting Behind Enemy Lines and putting themselves in a situation where they are themselves in a situation where they are themselves in a situation where they are surrounded it's dangerous in fact it's surrounded it's dangerous in fact it's surrounded it's dangerous in fact it's practically suicidal sometimes if I'm an practically suicidal sometimes if I'm an practically suicidal sometimes if I'm an American commander and you tell me you American commander and you tell me you American commander and you tell me you want my troops to infiltrate the way the want my troops to infiltrate the way the want my troops to infiltrate the way the Japanese infiltrate I'm going to say are Japanese infiltrate I'm going to say are Japanese infiltrate I'm going to say are you out of your mind I'm not going to you out of your mind I'm not going to you out of your mind I'm not going to that will Doom most of those troops the that will Doom most of those troops the that will Doom most of those troops the Japanese could live with that if results Japanese could live with that if results Japanese could live with that if results are worth it and so they're infiltrators are worth it and so they're infiltrators are worth it and so they're infiltrators and they would poke through the Allied and they would poke through the Allied and they would poke through the Allied lines and then find an opening and boom lines and then find an opening and boom lines and then find an opening and boom they're through it in the back causing they're through it in the back causing they're through it in the back causing trouble they'll throw up star shells and trouble they'll throw up star shells and trouble they'll throw up star shells and flares to tell the the the people on flares to tell the the the people on flares to tell the the the people on their side of the lines that they're their side of the lines that they're their side of the lines that they're through the Japanese use of infiltration through the Japanese use of infiltration through the Japanese use of infiltration tactics on Singapore Island are just as tactics on Singapore Island are just as tactics on Singapore Island are just as effective there as they've been effective there as they've been effective there as they've been throughout the whole campaign so far and throughout the whole campaign so far and throughout the whole campaign so far and the other elements of the recipe in this the other elements of the recipe in this the other elements of the recipe in this Japanese Blitz cre are equally Japanese Blitz cre are equally Japanese Blitz cre are equally successful I mean go read the primary successful I mean go read the primary successful I mean go read the primary source accounts the people on the ground source accounts the people on the ground source accounts the people on the ground are talking all the time about being are talking all the time about being are talking all the time about being pounded from the air strafed bombed just pounded from the air strafed bombed just pounded from the air strafed bombed just pounded all the pounded all the pounded all the time if you look at the first day or two time if you look at the first day or two time if you look at the first day or two on Singapore Island the only thing on Singapore Island the only thing on Singapore Island the only thing missing from the recipe that was so missing from the recipe that was so missing from the recipe that was so successful the whole way down Malaya is successful the whole way down Malaya is successful the whole way down Malaya is the Japanese armor and general yamashta the Japanese armor and general yamashta the Japanese armor and general yamashta will start fing that over within about will start fing that over within about will start fing that over within about 48 hours and then the Japanese will get 48 hours and then the Japanese will get 48 hours and then the Japanese will get the inadequately destroyed Causeway that the inadequately destroyed Causeway that the inadequately destroyed Causeway that used to separate Singapore from the used to separate Singapore from the used to separate Singapore from the mainland back up and running so that now

mainland back up and running so that now mainland back up and running so that now the Japanese armored columns can just the Japanese armored columns can just the Japanese armored columns can just drive right on drive right on drive right on over and this war will quickly move from over and this war will quickly move from over and this war will quickly move from the jungles and rubber tree areas to the the jungles and rubber tree areas to the the jungles and rubber tree areas to the suburbs and it will get kind of weird suburbs and it will get kind of weird suburbs and it will get kind of weird there and again this is not something there and again this is not something there and again this is not something Americans are so aware of but I me we're Americans are so aware of but I me we're Americans are so aware of but I me we're talking about sidewalks streets and fire talking about sidewalks streets and fire talking about sidewalks streets and fire hydrants and front Lawns and and hydrants and front Lawns and and hydrants and front Lawns and and people's two-story homes uh the sort of people's two-story homes uh the sort of people's two-story homes uh the sort of thing where now all of a sudden the thing where now all of a sudden the thing where now all of a sudden the Japanese snipers hiding in the little Japanese snipers hiding in the little Japanese snipers hiding in the little girl's bedroom in the upper right hand girl's bedroom in the upper right hand girl's bedroom in the upper right hand you know floor from the window and you know floor from the window and you know floor from the window and sniping Imperial troops that are sniping Imperial troops that are sniping Imperial troops that are standing in the middle of the park where standing in the middle of the park where standing in the middle of the park where the kids used to play I mean it's that the kids used to play I mean it's that the kids used to play I mean it's that kind of fighting needless to say and kind of fighting needless to say and kind of fighting needless to say and this is an underappreciated side of the this is an underappreciated side of the this is an underappreciated side of the story sometimes when we get into all the story sometimes when we get into all the story sometimes when we get into all the military stuff are the civilians who military stuff are the civilians who military stuff are the civilians who live there now for a while they start live there now for a while they start live there now for a while they start moving away from the fighting um I had a moving away from the fighting um I had a moving away from the fighting um I had a um a guy who was in the war in Bosnia he um a guy who was in the war in Bosnia he um a guy who was in the war in Bosnia he explained it this way because he was explained it this way because he was explained it this way because he was living in Southern California at that living in Southern California at that living in Southern California at that time and he said it's like when you get time and he said it's like when you get time and he said it's like when you get a forest fire uh they're not forest a forest fire uh they're not forest a forest fire uh they're not forest fires they're brush fires in Southern fires they're brush fires in Southern fires they're brush fires in Southern California and you see it off in the California and you see it off in the California and you see it off in the distance and there's all this smoke in distance and there's all this smoke in distance and there's all this smoke in the sky and you know that you know 25 the sky and you know that you know 25 the sky and you know that you know 25 minute drive from here and it's very minute drive from here and it's very minute drive from here and it's very very very heavy over there but right now very very heavy over there but right now very very heavy over there but right now life continues in this section of the life continues in this section of the life continues in this section of the city just fine but of course the fire city just fine but of course the fire city just fine but of course the fire can move as anyone in the path of one of can move as anyone in the path of one of can move as anyone in the path of one of those will tell you the war can move too those will tell you the war can move too those will tell you the war can move too and so for a while if you're a resident and so for a while if you're a resident and so for a while if you're a resident in the urban area of Singapore the war in the urban area of Singapore the war in the urban area of Singapore the war just looks off in the distance all that just looks off in the distance all that just looks off in the distance all that smoke and of course the bombing that's smoke and of course the bombing that's smoke and of course the bombing that's even going on near you but that smoke

even going on near you but that smoke even going on near you but that smoke and that flame and that fire comes and that flame and that fire comes and that flame and that fire comes closer and the friendly lines are are closer and the friendly lines are are closer and the friendly lines are are curling Inward and the refugees are curling Inward and the refugees are curling Inward and the refugees are being compacted into a place where being compacted into a place where being compacted into a place where within a couple of days you have a within a couple of days you have a within a couple of days you have a million people crammed into like 3 million people crammed into like 3 million people crammed into like 3 square miles and the Japanese are square miles and the Japanese are square miles and the Japanese are advancing on the reservoirs that have advancing on the reservoirs that have advancing on the reservoirs that have the water supply the water supply the water supply and the ammunition is and the ammunition is and the ammunition is dwindling and this is where you get to dwindling and this is where you get to dwindling and this is where you get to some of the finger pointing stuff at the some of the finger pointing stuff at the some of the finger pointing stuff at the troops themselves there will be fingers troops themselves there will be fingers troops themselves there will be fingers pointed for example at Australian troops pointed for example at Australian troops pointed for example at Australian troops which is so weird because they are some which is so weird because they are some which is so weird because they are some of the best troops in the war they've of the best troops in the war they've of the best troops in the war they've been some of the best troops in the been some of the best troops in the been some of the best troops in the entire Malayan campaign but now at entire Malayan campaign but now at entire Malayan campaign but now at Singapore they're going to get flagged Singapore they're going to get flagged Singapore they're going to get flagged sometimes but the fighting is intense sometimes but the fighting is intense sometimes but the fighting is intense and when you read about the fighting and and when you read about the fighting and and when you read about the fighting and a lot of it going on at night which is a lot of it going on at night which is a lot of it going on at night which is extra chaotic right in city streets extra chaotic right in city streets extra chaotic right in city streets sometime it's just it's very difficult sometime it's just it's very difficult sometime it's just it's very difficult and you read these accounts and they and you read these accounts and they and you read these accounts and they sound Wicked I mean heavy duty fighting sound Wicked I mean heavy duty fighting sound Wicked I mean heavy duty fighting I mean take this one from um this was I mean take this one from um this was I mean take this one from um this was Peter Thompson's book but he quotes a Peter Thompson's book but he quotes a Peter Thompson's book but he quotes a soldier from the 18th Division and you soldier from the 18th Division and you soldier from the 18th Division and you know they're pulling back behind roads know they're pulling back behind roads know they're pulling back behind roads like we pulled back behind Thompson Road like we pulled back behind Thompson Road like we pulled back behind Thompson Road I mean I I always had the hardest time I mean I I always had the hardest time I mean I I always had the hardest time picturing these sorts of urban conflicts picturing these sorts of urban conflicts picturing these sorts of urban conflicts like the Battle of Berlin in 1945 always like the Battle of Berlin in 1945 always like the Battle of Berlin in 1945 always so difficult for me to get my mind so difficult for me to get my mind so difficult for me to get my mind around but that's what this is right around but that's what this is right around but that's what this is right people are pulling back to the people are pulling back to the people are pulling back to the intersection where you know the uh the intersection where you know the uh the intersection where you know the uh the supermarket is I mean it's that kind of supermarket is I mean it's that kind of supermarket is I mean it's that kind of thing thing thing so in this case uh this unit that this so in this case uh this unit that this so in this case uh this unit that this uh firsthand account comes from had uh firsthand account comes from had uh firsthand account comes from had pulled back and set up a defensive pulled back and set up a defensive pulled back and set up a defensive position in a Chinese graveyard that had position in a Chinese graveyard that had position in a Chinese graveyard that had a really good field of fire and he

a really good field of fire and he a really good field of fire and he writes quote we dug trenches and that writes quote we dug trenches and that writes quote we dug trenches and that night the Japanese started attacking we night the Japanese started attacking we night the Japanese started attacking we were in action against them continuously were in action against them continuously were in action against them continuously sometimes in hand toand fighting we sometimes in hand toand fighting we sometimes in hand toand fighting we could see them on various hillocks in could see them on various hillocks in could see them on various hillocks in this enormous graveyard they tried this enormous graveyard they tried this enormous graveyard they tried intimidating tactics by screaming out or intimidating tactics by screaming out or intimidating tactics by screaming out or they tried to imitate Us by saying they they tried to imitate Us by saying they they tried to imitate Us by saying they were friends and they were advancing were friends and they were advancing were friends and they were advancing they made a tremendous noise I had two they made a tremendous noise I had two they made a tremendous noise I had two forward platoon on little Hills and on forward platoon on little Hills and on forward platoon on little Hills and on one ghastly occasion they got in amongst one ghastly occasion they got in amongst one ghastly occasion they got in amongst one of the sections in the night and one of the sections in the night and one of the sections in the night and bayonetted some of the men the screams bayonetted some of the men the screams bayonetted some of the men the screams and cries of Anguish were really quite and cries of Anguish were really quite and cries of Anguish were really quite terrible on another occasion I was terrible on another occasion I was terrible on another occasion I was watching out from my command post when I watching out from my command post when I watching out from my command post when I suddenly saw a Japanese officer and suddenly saw a Japanese officer and suddenly saw a Japanese officer and about a dozen men crawling up behind one about a dozen men crawling up behind one about a dozen men crawling up behind one of the forward positions fortunately our of the forward positions fortunately our of the forward positions fortunately our machine gun Battalion the north machine gun Battalion the north machine gun Battalion the north umberland fusers were with us and we had umberland fusers were with us and we had umberland fusers were with us and we had a section of machine guns it was a very a section of machine guns it was a very a section of machine guns it was a very good Target and in a very short time we good Target and in a very short time we good Target and in a very short time we had put paid to that attack end had put paid to that attack end had put paid to that attack end quote but I mean you do you think of quote but I mean you do you think of quote but I mean you do you think of like the pirat sneaking up on you with like the pirat sneaking up on you with like the pirat sneaking up on you with the knife between the teeth at night the knife between the teeth at night the knife between the teeth at night there's there's a particular horror to there's there's a particular horror to there's there's a particular horror to the Pacific War and it's the Pacific War and it's the Pacific War and it's that but these troops hardly seem like that but these troops hardly seem like that but these troops hardly seem like they're flinching very much right why they're flinching very much right why they're flinching very much right why are they getting some are they getting some are they getting some blame some of it appears to be the blame some of it appears to be the blame some of it appears to be the difference as we said between what these difference as we said between what these difference as we said between what these units look like on paper back at the units look like on paper back at the units look like on paper back at the command post which is almost always in

command post which is almost always in command post which is almost always in Singapore too far away from what's going Singapore too far away from what's going Singapore too far away from what's going on for the commanders to really know on for the commanders to really know on for the commanders to really know what's going on the difference between what's going on the difference between what's going on the difference between what their Maps looked like these paper what their Maps looked like these paper what their Maps looked like these paper icons representing these units at full icons representing these units at full icons representing these units at full strength fully equipped fully highly Mor strength fully equipped fully highly Mor strength fully equipped fully highly Mor you know well rested the whole thing and you know well rested the whole thing and you know well rested the whole thing and the troops on the ground there will come the troops on the ground there will come the troops on the ground there will come a point when the a Australians are a point when the a Australians are a point when the a Australians are accused of not fighting you know you accused of not fighting you know you accused of not fighting you know you read the commander letters to each other read the commander letters to each other read the commander letters to each other the troops morale is not what it should the troops morale is not what it should the troops morale is not what it should be and the Australian Australian General be and the Australian Australian General be and the Australian Australian General named Bennett will sort of in an named Bennett will sort of in an named Bennett will sort of in an off-handed way complain to this captain off-handed way complain to this captain off-handed way complain to this captain that uh is part of one of these units that uh is part of one of these units that uh is part of one of these units that's been fighting the whole time and that's been fighting the whole time and that's been fighting the whole time and this is recounted in um cullin Smith's this is recounted in um cullin Smith's this is recounted in um cullin Smith's book and he says quote criticism also book and he says quote criticism also book and he says quote criticism also came from a surprising quarter quote I came from a surprising quarter quote I came from a surprising quarter quote I don't think the men want to fight end don't think the men want to fight end don't think the men want to fight end quote General Bennett informed an quote General Bennett informed an quote General Bennett informed an exhaust Ed Captain Frank Gavin let me exhaust Ed Captain Frank Gavin let me exhaust Ed Captain Frank Gavin let me stop here Gavin's one of these stop here Gavin's one of these stop here Gavin's one of these Australian officers that's been fighting Australian officers that's been fighting Australian officers that's been fighting like the devil for weeks and now like the devil for weeks and now like the devil for weeks and now remember he's speaking as a captain to a remember he's speaking as a captain to a remember he's speaking as a captain to a general general general here uh Smith continues quote Gavin did here uh Smith continues quote Gavin did here uh Smith continues quote Gavin did not mince words now quoting Gavin the not mince words now quoting Gavin the not mince words now quoting Gavin the men are very tired he told Bennett their men are very tired he told Bennett their men are very tired he told Bennett their rations have been irregular and rations have been irregular and rations have been irregular and inadequate they have been constantly in inadequate they have been constantly in inadequate they have been constantly in contact with the Enemy and they feel contact with the Enemy and they feel contact with the Enemy and they feel that they have been badly let down that they have been badly let down that they have been badly let down I feel that too end I feel that too end I feel that too end quote well when you think about it there quote well when you think about it there quote well when you think about it there are incidents that people point to uh are incidents that people point to uh are incidents that people point to uh sometimes there's one in Smith's book

sometimes there's one in Smith's book sometimes there's one in Smith's book that involves that involves that involves bayonetting that just is one of those bayonetting that just is one of those bayonetting that just is one of those moments that reminds you you know moments that reminds you you know moments that reminds you you know combat's one of those things that's sort combat's one of those things that's sort combat's one of those things that's sort of on a spectrum and on one end of the of on a spectrum and on one end of the of on a spectrum and on one end of the spectrum let's call it the 10 or the one spectrum let's call it the 10 or the one spectrum let's call it the 10 or the one whichever however we designate it but on whichever however we designate it but on whichever however we designate it but on one end of the spectrum is the heroic one end of the spectrum is the heroic one end of the spectrum is the heroic combat fighting that makes combat fighting that makes combat fighting that makes well real Combat sometimes uh and then well real Combat sometimes uh and then well real Combat sometimes uh and then themes of soldierly conduct going back themes of soldierly conduct going back themes of soldierly conduct going back to Ajax and achilles and Homer and all to Ajax and achilles and Homer and all to Ajax and achilles and Homer and all that but I mean the schwarzen that but I mean the schwarzen that but I mean the schwarzen Stallone face off you know whatever it Stallone face off you know whatever it Stallone face off you know whatever it might be uh and that stuff happens might be uh and that stuff happens might be uh and that stuff happens people listening to my voice now have people listening to my voice now have people listening to my voice now have probably been involved in those kinds of probably been involved in those kinds of probably been involved in those kinds of things right that level of fighting now things right that level of fighting now things right that level of fighting now if you go all the way to the other side if you go all the way to the other side if you go all the way to the other side of the spectrum though and you go away of the spectrum though and you go away of the spectrum though and you go away from bravery and heroism and all that from bravery and heroism and all that from bravery and heroism and all that stuff you get to the other aspect of stuff you get to the other aspect of stuff you get to the other aspect of combat the pathetic combat the pathetic combat the pathetic not in nobling dirty the thing that not in nobling dirty the thing that not in nobling dirty the thing that leaves a stain on the victims and the leaves a stain on the victims and the leaves a stain on the victims and the victimizers and one of these incidents victimizers and one of these incidents victimizers and one of these incidents involves the Australians on Singapore involves the Australians on Singapore involves the Australians on Singapore running to some degree now let me just running to some degree now let me just running to some degree now let me just defend them for a second before I go defend them for a second before I go defend them for a second before I go into this because when you realized that into this because when you realized that into this because when you realized that these guys had just been acting as a these guys had just been acting as a these guys had just been acting as a rear guard for the rest of their units rear guard for the rest of their units rear guard for the rest of their units so they're the ones holding off the so they're the ones holding off the so they're the ones holding off the enemy so the rest of their forces can enemy so the rest of their forces can enemy so the rest of their forces can get away the enemy they're holding off get away the enemy they're holding off get away the enemy they're holding off happen to be elements of the Japanese happen to be elements of the Japanese happen to be elements of the Japanese Imperial Guard and at a certain point Imperial Guard and at a certain point Imperial Guard and at a certain point the Imperial Guard elements will the Imperial Guard elements will the Imperial Guard elements will outnumber the Australian rear guard outnumber the Australian rear guard outnumber the Australian rear guard elements and then the Imperial Guard elements and then the Imperial Guard elements and then the Imperial Guard whip out the bayonets in whip out the bayonets in whip out the bayonets in charge this is all happening I believe

charge this is all happening I believe charge this is all happening I believe at night it certainly gives you the feel at night it certainly gives you the feel at night it certainly gives you the feel of like an urban situation in terms of of like an urban situation in terms of of like an urban situation in terms of the terrain uh Smith picks up the the terrain uh Smith picks up the the terrain uh Smith picks up the narrative and he got it from uh the the narrative and he got it from uh the the narrative and he got it from uh the the remembrances of a Japanese Corporal who remembrances of a Japanese Corporal who remembrances of a Japanese Corporal who was a member of the Imperial Guard so he was a member of the Imperial Guard so he was a member of the Imperial Guard so he wrote about this incident Smith sort of wrote about this incident Smith sort of wrote about this incident Smith sort of trans Ates it for us and writes quote trans Ates it for us and writes quote trans Ates it for us and writes quote the Imperial Guard having passed through the Imperial Guard having passed through the Imperial Guard having passed through the torments of uh Buddhist hell is what the torments of uh Buddhist hell is what the torments of uh Buddhist hell is what the word means the torments of Buddhist the word means the torments of Buddhist the word means the torments of Buddhist hell had their blood up and were looking hell had their blood up and were looking hell had their blood up and were looking for Revenge first Corporal sushiki I for Revenge first Corporal sushiki I for Revenge first Corporal sushiki I hope I pronounced that correctly was hope I pronounced that correctly was hope I pronounced that correctly was involved in a grenade duel with the involved in a grenade duel with the involved in a grenade duel with the Australian rear guard in his excitement Australian rear guard in his excitement Australian rear guard in his excitement the baseball pitching skills he had the baseball pitching skills he had the baseball pitching skills he had acquired at Senior High School almost acquired at Senior High School almost acquired at Senior High School almost undid him because he threw the first one undid him because he threw the first one undid him because he threw the first one much too long and was nearly killed by much too long and was nearly killed by much too long and was nearly killed by the pineapple variety of hand grenade the pineapple variety of hand grenade the pineapple variety of hand grenade that came back and rolled within 2 MERS that came back and rolled within 2 MERS that came back and rolled within 2 MERS of the rubber tree he had dived behind of the rubber tree he had dived behind of the rubber tree he had dived behind the second one he got right then they the second one he got right then they the second one he got right then they all charged with fixed bayonets some of all charged with fixed bayonets some of all charged with fixed bayonets some of the Australians now badly outnumbered the Australians now badly outnumbered the Australians now badly outnumbered started running sushaan chased one down started running sushaan chased one down started running sushaan chased one down pushed him to the ground and heard a pushed him to the ground and heard a pushed him to the ground and heard a quote deathly yell as he impaled him quote deathly yell as he impaled him quote deathly yell as he impaled him with his bayonet and then withdrew the with his bayonet and then withdrew the with his bayonet and then withdrew the blade the Corporal noticed that others blade the Corporal noticed that others blade the Corporal noticed that others were neither running nor fighting were neither running nor fighting were neither running nor fighting now directly quoting the Corporal quote now directly quoting the Corporal quote now directly quoting the Corporal quote having lost their nerve some soldiers having lost their nerve some soldiers having lost their nerve some soldiers were simply cowering in Terror squatting were simply cowering in Terror squatting were simply cowering in Terror squatting down and avoiding the hand-to-hand down and avoiding the hand-to-hand down and avoiding the hand-to-hand combat in a wait and see position they combat in a wait and see position they combat in a wait and see position they too were bayonetted or shot without

too were bayonetted or shot without too were bayonetted or shot without Mercy end Mercy end Mercy end quote that's the pathetic side of combat quote that's the pathetic side of combat quote that's the pathetic side of combat where you just feel like here you have a where you just feel like here you have a where you just feel like here you have a bunch of people that are trapped in a bunch of people that are trapped in a bunch of people that are trapped in a place in a place in a place in a time um and you see this over and over time um and you see this over and over time um and you see this over and over again and if this is considered to be again and if this is considered to be again and if this is considered to be the troops not giving a good account of the troops not giving a good account of the troops not giving a good account of themselves or what have you uh you want themselves or what have you uh you want themselves or what have you uh you want to just like this soldier that said that to just like this soldier that said that to just like this soldier that said that they feel like they've been let down you they feel like they've been let down you they feel like they've been let down you just want to flip somebody off don't you just want to flip somebody off don't you just want to flip somebody off don't you how how about you get the aircraft out how how about you get the aircraft out how how about you get the aircraft out of the skies and make them stop strafing of the skies and make them stop strafing of the skies and make them stop strafing us all the time and maybe we won't run us all the time and maybe we won't run us all the time and maybe we won't run so quickly when we're charged with so quickly when we're charged with so quickly when we're charged with bayonets by the Imperial Guard that bayonets by the Imperial Guard that bayonets by the Imperial Guard that outnumbers us I don't outnumbers us I don't outnumbers us I don't know within a short period of time the know within a short period of time the know within a short period of time the Japanese have advanced into a position Japanese have advanced into a position Japanese have advanced into a position where at first they start to threaten where at first they start to threaten where at first they start to threaten the water supply of Singapore and then the water supply of Singapore and then the water supply of Singapore and then they begin to capture those places and they begin to capture those places and they begin to capture those places and now you have a humanitarian disaster now you have a humanitarian disaster now you have a humanitarian disaster looming the letters between Churchill looming the letters between Churchill looming the letters between Churchill and the commanders locally begin to and the commanders locally begin to and the commanders locally begin to soften in terms of this everybody has to soften in terms of this everybody has to soften in terms of this everybody has to stand and die uh thing and persal the stand and die uh thing and persal the stand and die uh thing and persal the Commander in Singapore will end up Commander in Singapore will end up Commander in Singapore will end up having to accept surrender conditions having to accept surrender conditions having to accept surrender conditions where the British are photographed where the British are photographed where the British are photographed carrying a white flag and surrendering I carrying a white flag and surrendering I carrying a white flag and surrendering I I think if it's not the largest it's one I think if it's not the largest it's one I think if it's not the largest it's one of the largest number of Imperial troops of the largest number of Imperial troops of the largest number of Imperial troops to a foe in the British Army's to a foe in the British Army's to a foe in the British Army's history oh yeah and there's more history oh yeah and there's more history oh yeah and there's more atrocities while all this is going on I atrocities while all this is going on I atrocities while all this is going on I don't know how to what depth to go into

don't know how to what depth to go into don't know how to what depth to go into the atrocities there's a famous uh the atrocities there's a famous uh the atrocities there's a famous uh another one of the hospital attacks like another one of the hospital attacks like another one of the hospital attacks like the one in Hong Kong this one we'll see the one in Hong Kong this one we'll see the one in Hong Kong this one we'll see uh up upwards of 150 closer to maybe 200 uh up upwards of 150 closer to maybe 200 uh up upwards of 150 closer to maybe 200 victims and once again we have the rapes victims and once again we have the rapes victims and once again we have the rapes we have the bayonetting of of wounded we have the bayonetting of of wounded we have the bayonetting of of wounded soldiers in their CS it's awful soldiers in their CS it's awful soldiers in their CS it's awful stuff and the 880,000 or so Allied stuff and the 880,000 or so Allied stuff and the 880,000 or so Allied troops that have to surrender to the troops that have to surrender to the troops that have to surrender to the Japanese on February 15th Japanese on February 15th Japanese on February 15th 1942 will be carded off into a captivity 1942 will be carded off into a captivity 1942 will be carded off into a captivity that is nightmarish by the standards of that is nightmarish by the standards of that is nightmarish by the standards of any other power you want to grade any other power you want to grade any other power you want to grade against in the second world against in the second world against in the second world war and needless to say that while those war and needless to say that while those war and needless to say that while those troops will go off and suffer uh for troops will go off and suffer uh for troops will go off and suffer uh for several years in captivity it including several years in captivity it including several years in captivity it including General peral by the way off to General peral by the way off to General peral by the way off to captivity himself the citizens uh all captivity himself the citizens uh all captivity himself the citizens uh all the different ethnic groups the Chinese the different ethnic groups the Chinese the different ethnic groups the Chinese the Mala all the people in Singapore are the Mala all the people in Singapore are the Mala all the people in Singapore are all going to suffer under the Japanese all going to suffer under the Japanese all going to suffer under the Japanese Occupation there too uh there are books Occupation there too uh there are books Occupation there too uh there are books written some of them just in Chinese written some of them just in Chinese written some of them just in Chinese that diagram uh on a regular basis the that diagram uh on a regular basis the that diagram uh on a regular basis the local homicides and rapes and local homicides and rapes and local homicides and rapes and mistreatment at the hands of the new mistreatment at the hands of the new mistreatment at the hands of the new colonizers right the ones that are doing colonizers right the ones that are doing colonizers right the ones that are doing it under the banner of Asia for the it under the banner of Asia for the it under the banner of Asia for the Asians they didn't say it was going to Asians they didn't say it was going to Asians they didn't say it was going to be nice necessarily and it's not going be nice necessarily and it's not going be nice necessarily and it's not going to to to be Churchill earlier had been be Churchill earlier had been be Churchill earlier had been embarrassed and said that you know this embarrassed and said that you know this embarrassed and said that you know this was a shock that we we can't perform was a shock that we we can't perform was a shock that we we can't perform better when the Russians are doing

better when the Russians are doing better when the Russians are doing amazing feats and dying to the last man amazing feats and dying to the last man amazing feats and dying to the last man against the Germans and the Americans against the Germans and the Americans against the Germans and the Americans are doing so well and the Philippines at are doing so well and the Philippines at are doing so well and the Philippines at lose on well there are some differences lose on well there are some differences lose on well there are some differences because the lon stuff all the Philippine because the lon stuff all the Philippine because the lon stuff all the Philippine stuff is happening simultaneously with stuff is happening simultaneously with stuff is happening simultaneously with the stuff going on in Singapore and the stuff going on in Singapore and the stuff going on in Singapore and Malaya and everything but there were Malaya and everything but there were Malaya and everything but there were some key differences first of all it's some key differences first of all it's some key differences first of all it's the whole campaign really kicks off a the whole campaign really kicks off a the whole campaign really kicks off a little later like two weeks later troops little later like two weeks later troops little later like two weeks later troops land instantly but I think it's the 22nd land instantly but I think it's the 22nd land instantly but I think it's the 22nd 23rd or something of December 1941 when 23rd or something of December 1941 when 23rd or something of December 1941 when when like 40,000 Japanese troops land on when like 40,000 Japanese troops land on when like 40,000 Japanese troops land on the big island Lon where Manila is and the big island Lon where Manila is and the big island Lon where Manila is and then everything gets real right then everything gets real right then everything gets real right away but unlike Malaya where there are away but unlike Malaya where there are away but unlike Malaya where there are are few or no tanks one or the other are few or no tanks one or the other are few or no tanks one or the other some people say few but every every some people say few but every every some people say few but every every place used to just say there are no place used to just say there are no place used to just say there are no tanks in Malaya there are tanks in the tanks in Malaya there are tanks in the tanks in Malaya there are tanks in the Philippines and it makes a very big Philippines and it makes a very big Philippines and it makes a very big difference against the Japanese tanks difference against the Japanese tanks difference against the Japanese tanks that are landed right if only the that are landed right if only the that are landed right if only the Imperial troops that had a bunch of Imperial troops that had a bunch of Imperial troops that had a bunch of tanks in Malaya even bad ones um these tanks in Malaya even bad ones um these tanks in Malaya even bad ones um these aren't big monster tanks that you're aren't big monster tanks that you're aren't big monster tanks that you're going to get later in the war a lot of going to get later in the war a lot of going to get later in the war a lot of them are light tanks but listen you're them are light tanks but listen you're them are light tanks but listen you're just glad to have anything and they give just glad to have anything and they give just glad to have anything and they give good service because when the Americans good service because when the Americans good service because when the Americans and the Filipinos will continually get and the Filipinos will continually get and the Filipinos will continually get pushed back the same way the Imperial pushed back the same way the Imperial pushed back the same way the Imperial forces are right infiltration uh being forces are right infiltration uh being forces are right infiltration uh being outflanked amphibious outflanking the outflanked amphibious outflanking the outflanked amphibious outflanking the whole thing uh the tanks and other whole thing uh the tanks and other whole thing uh the tanks and other troops will be able to provide some sort troops will be able to provide some sort troops will be able to provide some sort of cover that allow in this case the of cover that allow in this case the of cover that allow in this case the Allied troops are the Americans and the Allied troops are the Americans and the Allied troops are the Americans and the Filipinos to pull back and and not get Filipinos to pull back and and not get Filipinos to pull back and and not get rolled up momentum wise they're able to rolled up momentum wise they're able to rolled up momentum wise they're able to stop and consolidate for a minute which stop and consolidate for a minute which stop and consolidate for a minute which allows a more sort of vigorous and

allows a more sort of vigorous and allows a more sort of vigorous and stubborn defense in Malaya the the stubborn defense in Malaya the the stubborn defense in Malaya the the Imperial forces has never got a chance Imperial forces has never got a chance Imperial forces has never got a chance to to to to to to stabilize the other difference in the stabilize the other difference in the stabilize the other difference in the Philippines it's going to be different Philippines it's going to be different Philippines it's going to be different is you don't have general persal in is you don't have general persal in is you don't have general persal in charge of things you have Douglas charge of things you have Douglas charge of things you have Douglas MacArthur in charge of things and that MacArthur in charge of things and that MacArthur in charge of things and that is a very different animal well any way is a very different animal well any way is a very different animal well any way you slice you slice you slice it to go from talking about Churchill it to go from talking about Churchill it to go from talking about Churchill inordinately to going and talking about inordinately to going and talking about inordinately to going and talking about MacArthur like we're about to makes me MacArthur like we're about to makes me MacArthur like we're about to makes me feel like we're completely embracing the feel like we're completely embracing the feel like we're completely embracing the great man theory of history and we're great man theory of history and we're great man theory of history and we're just going from one great usually male just going from one great usually male just going from one great usually male figure to another dominating the figure to another dominating the figure to another dominating the historical scene at will historical scene at will historical scene at will uh standing arride history like a uh standing arride history like a uh standing arride history like a Colossus but you know that's an old Colossus but you know that's an old Colossus but you know that's an old Theory I mean Greeks and Romans all Theory I mean Greeks and Romans all Theory I mean Greeks and Romans all wrote that the Great Men moved the world wrote that the Great Men moved the world wrote that the Great Men moved the world and whatnot and then there's all kinds and whatnot and then there's all kinds and whatnot and then there's all kinds of other theories that have cropped up of other theories that have cropped up of other theories that have cropped up since the trends and forces one right since the trends and forces one right since the trends and forces one right you can't have a Hitler unless the you can't have a Hitler unless the you can't have a Hitler unless the conditions for example are set up conditions for example are set up conditions for example are set up correctly for one to rise and then if correctly for one to rise and then if correctly for one to rise and then if they are set up correctly one will they are set up correctly one will they are set up correctly one will rise my Counterpoint to that because I rise my Counterpoint to that because I rise my Counterpoint to that because I happen to believe the trends and forces happen to believe the trends and forces happen to believe the trends and forces but I believe it interacts with the but I believe it interacts with the but I believe it interacts with the great man Theory my Counterpoint is yeah great man Theory my Counterpoint is yeah great man Theory my Counterpoint is yeah but the figure that arises because of but the figure that arises because of but the figure that arises because of the trend and forces at the time doesn't the trend and forces at the time doesn't the trend and forces at the time doesn't have to be a quirky have to be a quirky have to be a quirky nut right you didn't say he had to be nut right you didn't say he had to be nut right you didn't say he had to be weird you just said the time was rip for weird you just said the time was rip for weird you just said the time was rip for somebody and to me that's where you put somebody and to me that's where you put somebody and to me that's where you put the personal stamp on the whole Trends the personal stamp on the whole Trends the personal stamp on the whole Trends and forces thing I feel similarly with and forces thing I feel similarly with and forces thing I feel similarly with MacArthur because he's a fascinating

MacArthur because he's a fascinating MacArthur because he's a fascinating dude but his personality is actually dude but his personality is actually dude but his personality is actually going to impact how the whole war is going to impact how the whole war is going to impact how the whole war is fought and why things go the way they do fought and why things go the way they do fought and why things go the way they do and you turn around and go well wait a and you turn around and go well wait a and you turn around and go well wait a minute even if the trends and forces minute even if the trends and forces minute even if the trends and forces make it just perfectly ripe for a guy make it just perfectly ripe for a guy make it just perfectly ripe for a guy like MacArthur to like MacArthur to like MacArthur to rise they didn't have to produce a guy rise they didn't have to produce a guy rise they didn't have to produce a guy like like like MacArthur this just so we make it MacArthur this just so we make it MacArthur this just so we make it perfectly clear is a diva and he's a perfectly clear is a diva and he's a perfectly clear is a diva and he's a diva in the way you know it's funny diva in the way you know it's funny diva in the way you know it's funny every sort of uh group of people that every sort of uh group of people that every sort of uh group of people that has a diva class amongst them whatever has a diva class amongst them whatever has a diva class amongst them whatever they may be singers actresses whatever they may be singers actresses whatever they may be singers actresses whatever it might be um generals are another one it might be um generals are another one it might be um generals are another one of those types where they just produce of those types where they just produce of those types where they just produce these these these padas it was once said by somebody that padas it was once said by somebody that padas it was once said by somebody that I I read that one of the great gifts I I read that one of the great gifts I I read that one of the great gifts that Eisenhower had when he was the that Eisenhower had when he was the that Eisenhower had when he was the commander of Allied Forces in Europe was commander of Allied Forces in Europe was commander of Allied Forces in Europe was that he was the one guy who could sort that he was the one guy who could sort that he was the one guy who could sort of mediate between a group of Primadonna of mediate between a group of Primadonna of mediate between a group of Primadonna Allied generals who you know were tough Allied generals who you know were tough Allied generals who you know were tough to to coordinate and interact and get to to to coordinate and interact and get to to to coordinate and interact and get to work together the patents and the work together the patents and the work together the patents and the Montgomery and all those guys Martha Montgomery and all those guys Martha Montgomery and all those guys Martha ghorn who was the second world war war ghorn who was the second world war war ghorn who was the second world war war correspondent married to Ernest correspondent married to Ernest correspondent married to Ernest Hemingway for a while uh definitely one Hemingway for a while uh definitely one Hemingway for a while uh definitely one of the more interesting journalistic of the more interesting journalistic of the more interesting journalistic figures in war correspondence and figures in war correspondence and figures in war correspondence and needless to say a very early woman on needless to say a very early woman on needless to say a very early woman on the scene and tough as nails and she the scene and tough as nails and she the scene and tough as nails and she went to all these places and talked to went to all these places and talked to went to all these places and talked to all these people and all these all these people and all these all these people and all these governments and systems and she said and governments and systems and she said and governments and systems and she said and I'm quoting from memory but she I'm quoting from memory but she I'm quoting from memory but she basically said that the politicians and basically said that the politicians and basically said that the politicians and the generals are the same everywhere you the generals are the same everywhere you the generals are the same everywhere you go doesn't matter what the political go doesn't matter what the political go doesn't matter what the political system is or anything they're just

system is or anything they're just system is or anything they're just they're a type and it made me think that they're a type and it made me think that they're a type and it made me think that either the kind of people who are going either the kind of people who are going either the kind of people who are going to turn out or likely to turn out or to turn out or likely to turn out or to turn out or likely to turn out or most of the time turn out to be padas most of the time turn out to be padas most of the time turn out to be padas and Divas in in a military sense are and Divas in in a military sense are and Divas in in a military sense are those the kind of guys that have the those the kind of guys that have the those the kind of guys that have the drive to become Generals in the first drive to become Generals in the first drive to become Generals in the first place or does it attract those kind of place or does it attract those kind of place or does it attract those kind of people or does being a general and all people or does being a general and all people or does being a general and all the perks that come along with that turn the perks that come along with that turn the perks that come along with that turn you into a military Diva I don't know you into a military Diva I don't know you into a military Diva I don't know but MacArthur is the best example of but MacArthur is the best example of but MacArthur is the best example of type you'll ever see he's a caricature type you'll ever see he's a caricature type you'll ever see he's a caricature of himself and he's been lampooned for of himself and he's been lampooned for of himself and he's been lampooned for his sort of type more than anybody I've his sort of type more than anybody I've his sort of type more than anybody I've ever seen him from Mash to The Simpsons ever seen him from Mash to The Simpsons ever seen him from Mash to The Simpsons everybody they got the corn cob pipe uh everybody they got the corn cob pipe uh everybody they got the corn cob pipe uh smoking Dark Sun sunglasses I mean Iron smoking Dark Sun sunglasses I mean Iron smoking Dark Sun sunglasses I mean Iron Jaw I mean MacArthur is a unique figure Jaw I mean MacArthur is a unique figure Jaw I mean MacArthur is a unique figure but he's but he's but he's weird I mean I have a line in the sand weird I mean I have a line in the sand weird I mean I have a line in the sand psychologically speaking where on the psychologically speaking where on the psychologically speaking where on the far side of that line I can't say what far side of that line I can't say what far side of that line I can't say what you have I just know you're on the far you have I just know you're on the far you have I just know you're on the far side of the line and most of us you know side of the line and most of us you know side of the line and most of us you know normal people are on this side of the normal people are on this side of the normal people are on this side of the line and the dividing line is people who line and the dividing line is people who line and the dividing line is people who seriously refer to themselves regularly seriously refer to themselves regularly seriously refer to themselves regularly in the third in the third in the third person I don't know what it means to do person I don't know what it means to do person I don't know what it means to do that but MacArthur is on the far side of that but MacArthur is on the far side of that but MacArthur is on the far side of that line cuz he does that um he's one that line cuz he does that um he's one that line cuz he does that um he's one of these people though that it's hard to of these people though that it's hard to of these people though that it's hard to I mean what makes him really interesting I mean what makes him really interesting I mean what makes him really interesting is not that he's weird like that but is not that he's weird like that but is not that he's weird like that but that he kind of lives up to the hype of that he kind of lives up to the hype of that he kind of lives up to the hype of his own imagination also I mean here's his own imagination also I mean here's his own imagination also I mean here's the way um historian Craig L Simons runs the way um historian Craig L Simons runs the way um historian Craig L Simons runs down you know a little bit of this guy's down you know a little bit of this guy's down you know a little bit of this guy's background he's sort of The Golden Child

background he's sort of The Golden Child background he's sort of The Golden Child from the time he first appears on the from the time he first appears on the from the time he first appears on the military scene and Simons writes quote military scene and Simons writes quote military scene and Simons writes quote Douglas MacArthur was then and remains Douglas MacArthur was then and remains Douglas MacArthur was then and remains today a lightning rod for both admirers today a lightning rod for both admirers today a lightning rod for both admirers and critics the only child of General and critics the only child of General and critics the only child of General Arthur MacArthur who had been awarded Arthur MacArthur who had been awarded Arthur MacArthur who had been awarded the Medal of Honor for his heroism on the Medal of Honor for his heroism on the Medal of Honor for his heroism on Missionary Ridge during the Civil War Missionary Ridge during the Civil War Missionary Ridge during the Civil War the younger MacArthur had been something the younger MacArthur had been something the younger MacArthur had been something of a celebrity even during his Cadet of a celebrity even during his Cadet of a celebrity even during his Cadet days at West Point where he graduated days at West Point where he graduated days at West Point where he graduated first in the class of 1903 during the first in the class of 1903 during the first in the class of 1903 during the first world war he had performed first world war he had performed first world war he had performed brilliantly returning from the war in brilliantly returning from the war in brilliantly returning from the war in 1919 as a 39-year-old brigadier general 1919 as a 39-year-old brigadier general 1919 as a 39-year-old brigadier general with two distinguished service crosses with two distinguished service crosses with two distinguished service crosses and no fewer than seven silver stars he and no fewer than seven silver stars he and no fewer than seven silver stars he became West Point superintendent then in became West Point superintendent then in became West Point superintendent then in 1930 at the age of 50 he became the US 1930 at the age of 50 he became the US 1930 at the age of 50 he became the US Army Chief of Staff end Army Chief of Staff end Army Chief of Staff end quote MacArthur had a mixed reputation quote MacArthur had a mixed reputation quote MacArthur had a mixed reputation though amongst troops depends on who you though amongst troops depends on who you though amongst troops depends on who you asked like there were a bunch of uh asked like there were a bunch of uh asked like there were a bunch of uh troops that had a sour taste in their troops that had a sour taste in their troops that had a sour taste in their mouth because it was MacArthur who with mouth because it was MacArthur who with mouth because it was MacArthur who with a an extreme extremely forceful hand a an extreme extremely forceful hand a an extreme extremely forceful hand broke up some um well they became riots broke up some um well they became riots broke up some um well they became riots I guess you could say but there was a I guess you could say but there was a I guess you could say but there was a long-term protest during the Hoover long-term protest during the Hoover long-term protest during the Hoover administration by uh people during the administration by uh people during the administration by uh people during the Depression who were veterans and who Depression who were veterans and who Depression who were veterans and who wanted their veteran bonus payments wanted their veteran bonus payments wanted their veteran bonus payments given out to them earlier than given out to them earlier than given out to them earlier than originally specified because well it was originally specified because well it was originally specified because well it was the Great Depression and MacArthur you the Great Depression and MacArthur you the Great Depression and MacArthur you know these are all veterans MacArthur know these are all veterans MacArthur know these are all veterans MacArthur sort of crushed this encampment the

sort of crushed this encampment the sort of crushed this encampment the bonus Marchers they were called roughly bonus Marchers they were called roughly bonus Marchers they were called roughly and uh and there were people that held and uh and there were people that held and uh and there were people that held that against him forever afterwards and that against him forever afterwards and that against him forever afterwards and then there were people like Eisenhower then there were people like Eisenhower then there were people like Eisenhower and it depends on what you read from and it depends on what you read from and it depends on what you read from Eisenhower because you can find him Eisenhower because you can find him Eisenhower because you can find him saying good things and bad things I mean saying good things and bad things I mean saying good things and bad things I mean he just he thought MacArthur's mind was he just he thought MacArthur's mind was he just he thought MacArthur's mind was crazy interesting and good but at the crazy interesting and good but at the crazy interesting and good but at the same time that the guy was over dramatic same time that the guy was over dramatic same time that the guy was over dramatic well Simons continues he talks about the well Simons continues he talks about the well Simons continues he talks about the other side right that goes with other side right that goes with other side right that goes with MacArthur as this glittering Golden MacArthur as this glittering Golden MacArthur as this glittering Golden Child from you know long ago almost like Child from you know long ago almost like Child from you know long ago almost like born to the role from a military hero born to the role from a military hero born to the role from a military hero father and Simons writes quote then father and Simons writes quote then father and Simons writes quote then there was the man himself in addition to there was the man himself in addition to there was the man himself in addition to his obvious intellectual gifts his obvious intellectual gifts his obvious intellectual gifts MacArthur's personal demeanor included MacArthur's personal demeanor included MacArthur's personal demeanor included an all too evident self-regard that put an all too evident self-regard that put an all too evident self-regard that put off many of his contemporaries he seemed off many of his contemporaries he seemed off many of his contemporaries he seemed ever conscious of himself as a ever conscious of himself as a ever conscious of himself as a historical figure and frequently behaved historical figure and frequently behaved historical figure and frequently behaved even in private as if he were declaiming even in private as if he were declaiming even in private as if he were declaiming from a stage pacing back and forth and from a stage pacing back and forth and from a stage pacing back and forth and gesturing theatrically with his corn cob gesturing theatrically with his corn cob gesturing theatrically with his corn cob pipe he discounted even disparaged the pipe he discounted even disparaged the pipe he discounted even disparaged the opinions of of others and saw criticism opinions of of others and saw criticism opinions of of others and saw criticism as less disagreement than treason as the as less disagreement than treason as the as less disagreement than treason as the historian Max Hastings put it now historian Max Hastings put it now historian Max Hastings put it now quoting Hastings quote MacArthur's quoting Hastings quote MacArthur's quoting Hastings quote MacArthur's belief that his critics were not merely belief that his critics were not merely belief that his critics were not merely wrong but evil verged on derangement wrong but evil verged on derangement wrong but evil verged on derangement Simons continues quote these Simons continues quote these Simons continues quote these characteristics repelled many of the men characteristics repelled many of the men characteristics repelled many of the men he had to work with including King and

he had to work with including King and he had to work with including King and Nimitz MacArthur had an astonishing Nimitz MacArthur had an astonishing Nimitz MacArthur had an astonishing memory a deep knowledge of History and a memory a deep knowledge of History and a memory a deep knowledge of History and a quick and incisive mind it remained to quick and incisive mind it remained to quick and incisive mind it remained to be seen however if he also possessed the be seen however if he also possessed the be seen however if he also possessed the Diplomatic sensitivity to orchestrate Diplomatic sensitivity to orchestrate Diplomatic sensitivity to orchestrate the land air and sea forces of several the land air and sea forces of several the land air and sea forces of several countries a skill so evident in his countries a skill so evident in his countries a skill so evident in his former Aid Dwight Eisenhower end former Aid Dwight Eisenhower end former Aid Dwight Eisenhower end quote I personally don't think that quote I personally don't think that quote I personally don't think that there's any doubt that this guy had what there's any doubt that this guy had what there's any doubt that this guy had what it took to do any of these Monumental it took to do any of these Monumental it took to do any of these Monumental things in terms of his raw talent and things in terms of his raw talent and things in terms of his raw talent and the polishing of the diamond that he had the polishing of the diamond that he had the polishing of the diamond that he had done since he was young this this is a done since he was young this this is a done since he was young this this is a very accomplished very gifted person but very accomplished very gifted person but very accomplished very gifted person but with it comes the rest of this package with it comes the rest of this package with it comes the rest of this package and it's interesting as heck um in his and it's interesting as heck um in his and it's interesting as heck um in his great book Rampage MacArthur yamashta great book Rampage MacArthur yamashta great book Rampage MacArthur yamashta and the Battle of Manila author James M and the Battle of Manila author James M and the Battle of Manila author James M Scott tries to flesh out the MacArthur Scott tries to flesh out the MacArthur Scott tries to flesh out the MacArthur figure and he quotes uh several people figure and he quotes uh several people figure and he quotes uh several people talking who worked with him who were talking who worked with him who were talking who worked with him who were talking about the The Great Brain right talking about the The Great Brain right talking about the The Great Brain right he's just brilliant man genius genius he's just brilliant man genius genius he's just brilliant man genius genius these generals are all saying uh he these generals are all saying uh he these generals are all saying uh he quotes Philip lafallet who uh served on quotes Philip lafallet who uh served on quotes Philip lafallet who uh served on MacArthur's staff as saying quote his MacArthur's staff as saying quote his MacArthur's staff as saying quote his mind was a beautiful piece of almost mind was a beautiful piece of almost mind was a beautiful piece of almost perfect Machinery end quote so so perfect Machinery end quote so so perfect Machinery end quote so so everybody admires this guy's brain but everybody admires this guy's brain but everybody admires this guy's brain but it's weird being alone with him and it's weird being alone with him and it's weird being alone with him and having him refer to himself in the third having him refer to himself in the third having him refer to himself in the third person Scott quotes Dwight Eisenhower as person Scott quotes Dwight Eisenhower as person Scott quotes Dwight Eisenhower as saying about the experience quote the saying about the experience quote the saying about the experience quote the sensation was unusual in time I got used sensation was unusual in time I got used sensation was unusual in time I got used to it and saw it not as objectionable to it and saw it not as objectionable to it and saw it not as objectionable just

just just odd he then goes on to say that the word odd he then goes on to say that the word odd he then goes on to say that the word discuss or discussion is not the right discuss or discussion is not the right discuss or discussion is not the right word to use when you're having a word to use when you're having a word to use when you're having a discussion with MacArthur it's more like discussion with MacArthur it's more like discussion with MacArthur it's more like a monologue and he had an interesting a monologue and he had an interesting a monologue and he had an interesting way of talking that in a way fleshes out way of talking that in a way fleshes out way of talking that in a way fleshes out the character it's like those theater the character it's like those theater the character it's like those theater folk who come off stage and they still folk who come off stage and they still folk who come off stage and they still sound like they're on stage when they sound like they're on stage when they sound like they're on stage when they talk right very dramatic using maybe talk right very dramatic using maybe talk right very dramatic using maybe archaic words uh M MacArthur used archaic words uh M MacArthur used archaic words uh M MacArthur used archaic words Scott quotes a journalist archaic words Scott quotes a journalist archaic words Scott quotes a journalist trying to give you a sense of the way trying to give you a sense of the way trying to give you a sense of the way MacArthur talked and he says MacArthur talked and he says MacArthur talked and he says quote he often used archaic words and quote he often used archaic words and quote he often used archaic words and terms as one might a rare spice for for terms as one might a rare spice for for terms as one might a rare spice for for Extraordinary flavor end quote well that Extraordinary flavor end quote well that Extraordinary flavor end quote well that explains President Roosevelt's line also explains President Roosevelt's line also explains President Roosevelt's line also quoted in Scott's book um he Roosevelt quoted in Scott's book um he Roosevelt quoted in Scott's book um he Roosevelt said that he talks in a voice that might said that he talks in a voice that might said that he talks in a voice that might come from an oracle's cave well if you come from an oracle's cave well if you come from an oracle's cave well if you spice it up with those archaic words and spice it up with those archaic words and spice it up with those archaic words and terms speak of yourself and the third terms speak of yourself and the third terms speak of yourself and the third person and use almost like a stage voice person and use almost like a stage voice person and use almost like a stage voice well yeah you sound like an oracle you well yeah you sound like an oracle you well yeah you sound like an oracle you just know how to play to the crowd right just know how to play to the crowd right just know how to play to the crowd right but it's a weird part of the guy's but it's a weird part of the guy's but it's a weird part of the guy's character makes him more interesting as character makes him more interesting as character makes him more interesting as a historical figure but then of course I a historical figure but then of course I a historical figure but then of course I don't have to work with him this is a don't have to work with him this is a don't have to work with him this is a person who also knows how to use the person who also knows how to use the person who also knows how to use the media of his time I mean if Twitter or media of his time I mean if Twitter or media of his time I mean if Twitter or any of the other social media Outlets any of the other social media Outlets any of the other social media Outlets had been around in his day he'd have a had been around in his day he'd have a had been around in his day he'd have a billion followers he had his own direct billion followers he had his own direct billion followers he had his own direct pipeline from the Philippines where he pipeline from the Philippines where he pipeline from the Philippines where he was commanding to the US media Outlets was commanding to the US media Outlets was commanding to the US media Outlets who were hungrily waiting for any info who were hungrily waiting for any info who were hungrily waiting for any info he gave and when he provided that info

he gave and when he provided that info he gave and when he provided that info most of the time it only mentioned most of the time it only mentioned most of the time it only mentioned a single person a single person a single person him historian Ronald H Spectre in Eagle him historian Ronald H Spectre in Eagle him historian Ronald H Spectre in Eagle against the sun writes about the against the sun writes about the against the sun writes about the MacArthur press MacArthur press MacArthur press machine and says machine and says machine and says quote MacArthur's great stature in the quote MacArthur's great stature in the quote MacArthur's great stature in the United States was in part due to his own United States was in part due to his own United States was in part due to his own highly efficient public relations highly efficient public relations highly efficient public relations organization most of the war news from organization most of the war news from organization most of the war news from the Philippines which the American the Philippines which the American the Philippines which the American public read came from MacArthur's public read came from MacArthur's public read came from MacArthur's communic and press releases of 140 2 communic and press releases of 140 2 communic and press releases of 140 2 communes released by his headquarters communes released by his headquarters communes released by his headquarters between December and March 109 mentioned between December and March 109 mentioned between December and March 109 mentioned only one individual McArthur end quote only one individual McArthur end quote only one individual McArthur end quote Spectre then quotes another historian Spectre then quotes another historian Spectre then quotes another historian that points out that MacArthur had a way that points out that MacArthur had a way that points out that MacArthur had a way of getting his name into the press of getting his name into the press of getting his name into the press releases in multiple places even when releases in multiple places even when releases in multiple places even when it's not about him particularly like it's not about him particularly like it's not about him particularly like instead of saying uh you know the US instead of saying uh you know the US instead of saying uh you know the US Army's right flank on batan the press Army's right flank on batan the press Army's right flank on batan the press release would say MacArthur's right release would say MacArthur's right release would say MacArthur's right flanks on batan and instead of saying flanks on batan and instead of saying flanks on batan and instead of saying something like you know the 10 regimen something like you know the 10 regimen something like you know the 10 regimen soldiers it says MacArthur's men and soldiers it says MacArthur's men and soldiers it says MacArthur's men and that historian said the communic omitted that historian said the communic omitted that historian said the communic omitted the names of combat units commanders and the names of combat units commanders and the names of combat units commanders and individuals who had performed individuals who had performed individuals who had performed exceptional exceptional exceptional exploits MacArthur also had this other exploits MacArthur also had this other exploits MacArthur also had this other side which was something and it was part side which was something and it was part side which was something and it was part of the uh the rumor mill back in of the uh the rumor mill back in of the uh the rumor mill back in Washington DC between the two World Wars Washington DC between the two World Wars Washington DC between the two World Wars I mean MacArthur was accused of going I mean MacArthur was accused of going I mean MacArthur was accused of going Oriental as it was called at one point Oriental as it was called at one point Oriental as it was called at one point wearing kimonos around the office

wearing kimonos around the office wearing kimonos around the office Fanning himself with a Japanese fan and Fanning himself with a Japanese fan and Fanning himself with a Japanese fan and smoking from a jeweled cigarette holder smoking from a jeweled cigarette holder smoking from a jeweled cigarette holder uh just an interesting guy all the way uh just an interesting guy all the way uh just an interesting guy all the way around the problem was is that there has around the problem was is that there has around the problem was is that there has always been a spectrum of views on always been a spectrum of views on always been a spectrum of views on MacArthur and on one end of the spectrum MacArthur and on one end of the spectrum MacArthur and on one end of the spectrum are the uh MacArthur groupies the super are the uh MacArthur groupies the super are the uh MacArthur groupies the super fans and they are the people who buy fans and they are the people who buy fans and they are the people who buy into MacArthur's uh worldview that he's into MacArthur's uh worldview that he's into MacArthur's uh worldview that he's been stabbed in the back by everyone been stabbed in the back by everyone been stabbed in the back by everyone from the US Navy to multiple presidents from the US Navy to multiple presidents from the US Navy to multiple presidents to whatever it might be uh that this was to whatever it might be uh that this was to whatever it might be uh that this was the greatest soldier in American history the greatest soldier in American history the greatest soldier in American history that he was the person who was in the that he was the person who was in the that he was the person who was in the right in those confrontations with the right in those confrontations with the right in those confrontations with the presidents and in fact should have been presidents and in fact should have been presidents and in fact should have been the president someday himself and then the president someday himself and then the president someday himself and then on the far opposite end of the scale you on the far opposite end of the scale you on the far opposite end of the scale you have the people who think and this was have the people who think and this was have the people who think and this was always part of the lampooning when I was always part of the lampooning when I was always part of the lampooning when I was a kid in the 1970s that MacArthur is is a kid in the 1970s that MacArthur is is a kid in the 1970s that MacArthur is is sort of sort of sort of delusional that the real world is sort delusional that the real world is sort delusional that the real world is sort of blocked from his vision through the of blocked from his vision through the of blocked from his vision through the Cataract of his own greatness and he's Cataract of his own greatness and he's Cataract of his own greatness and he's kind of like Bly out of kind of like Bly out of kind of like Bly out of it sometimes you'll see him issue orders it sometimes you'll see him issue orders it sometimes you'll see him issue orders too uh in Hiro's work Francis Pike has too uh in Hiro's work Francis Pike has too uh in Hiro's work Francis Pike has some of this he deals with he'll issue some of this he deals with he'll issue some of this he deals with he'll issue these orders that are or or make these these orders that are or or make these these orders that are or or make these demands on Washington that are so out of demands on Washington that are so out of demands on Washington that are so out of touch with reality that you you wonder touch with reality that you you wonder touch with reality that you you wonder about the man himself for example uh in about the man himself for example uh in about the man himself for example uh in the early days of the fighting on the the early days of the fighting on the the early days of the fighting on the Philippines after the um Pearl Harbor Philippines after the um Pearl Harbor Philippines after the um Pearl Harbor attack MacArthur is urging Washington to attack MacArthur is urging Washington to attack MacArthur is urging Washington to strike the Japanese home Islands now strike the Japanese home Islands now strike the Japanese home Islands now with Naval assets right away since with Naval assets right away since with Naval assets right away since they're all occupied fighting him well they're all occupied fighting him well they're all occupied fighting him well this is delusional because that's the this is delusional because that's the this is delusional because that's the same time that the Navy's telling same time that the Navy's telling same time that the Navy's telling Roosevelt they can't even defend the Roosevelt they can't even defend the Roosevelt they can't even defend the Philippines forget about launching a

Philippines forget about launching a Philippines forget about launching a strike on the Japanese home strike on the Japanese home strike on the Japanese home Islands Pike also quotes Admiral Hart Islands Pike also quotes Admiral Hart Islands Pike also quotes Admiral Hart Who was the naval commander of us Assets Who was the naval commander of us Assets Who was the naval commander of us Assets in the Philippines and who worked in the Philippines and who worked in the Philippines and who worked closely with MacArthur between the wars closely with MacArthur between the wars closely with MacArthur between the wars and who considered him a friend himself and who considered him a friend himself and who considered him a friend himself a friend of MacArthur until the war got a friend of MacArthur until the war got a friend of MacArthur until the war got close and the friendship broke down and close and the friendship broke down and close and the friendship broke down and Pike quotes Admiral Hart is telling his Pike quotes Admiral Hart is telling his Pike quotes Admiral Hart is telling his wife that he's not sure MacArthur is wife that he's not sure MacArthur is wife that he's not sure MacArthur is quote allog together sane end quote and quote allog together sane end quote and quote allog together sane end quote and then he adds that he may not have been then he adds that he may not have been then he adds that he may not have been altogether sane for some while now what altogether sane for some while now what altogether sane for some while now what does that even mean I've read a ton about Douglas MacArthur I've read a ton about Douglas MacArthur over my lifetime and I still find him as over my lifetime and I still find him as over my lifetime and I still find him as a figure completely impenetrable I don't a figure completely impenetrable I don't a figure completely impenetrable I don't know how to process this idea that maybe know how to process this idea that maybe know how to process this idea that maybe he's he's this outof touch thing living he's he's this outof touch thing living he's he's this outof touch thing living in his own world like a Mr Meo stumbling in his own world like a Mr Meo stumbling in his own world like a Mr Meo stumbling on from from one military uh good thing on from from one military uh good thing on from from one military uh good thing to another Triumph I don't he's done to another Triumph I don't he's done to another Triumph I don't he's done going to do a lot of things in the rest going to do a lot of things in the rest going to do a lot of things in the rest of his life that seem like really hard of his life that seem like really hard of his life that seem like really hard things to do Under The Best of things to do Under The Best of things to do Under The Best of conditions I would think if you weren't conditions I would think if you weren't conditions I would think if you weren't grounded in reality they would they grounded in reality they would they grounded in reality they would they would be impossible that's just my view would be impossible that's just my view would be impossible that's just my view at the same time this guy is so at the same time this guy is so at the same time this guy is so complicated that sometimes it's complicated that sometimes it's complicated that sometimes it's difficult to know how you feel about him difficult to know how you feel about him difficult to know how you feel about him unless you find yourself un unreservedly unless you find yourself un unreservedly unless you find yourself un unreservedly on one of the two polarities on on the on one of the two polarities on on the on one of the two polarities on on the guy there's another way of looking at guy there's another way of looking at guy there's another way of looking at him too which is the crazy like a fox him too which is the crazy like a fox him too which is the crazy like a fox way we mentioned earlier you know how way we mentioned earlier you know how way we mentioned earlier you know how many Twitter followers this guy would many Twitter followers this guy would many Twitter followers this guy would have how well he used the media of the have how well he used the media of the have how well he used the media of the day well how much of this is all for day well how much of this is all for day well how much of this is all for publicity purposes right I had a buddy publicity purposes right I had a buddy publicity purposes right I had a buddy who said is he putting us who said is he putting us who said is he putting us on eyes and Howard said about his old

on eyes and Howard said about his old on eyes and Howard said about his old boss that he would have made a great boss that he would have made a great boss that he would have made a great actor and that he studied Dramatics actor and that he studied Dramatics actor and that he studied Dramatics under him for seven years basically when under him for seven years basically when under him for seven years basically when he worked for him is this all part of he worked for him is this all part of he worked for him is this all part of branding right may maybe you think about branding right may maybe you think about branding right may maybe you think about it this way maybe MacArthur's it this way maybe MacArthur's it this way maybe MacArthur's positioning himself for an eventual positioning himself for an eventual positioning himself for an eventual presidential run and this is all part of presidential run and this is all part of presidential run and this is all part of the brand and before you dismiss it out the brand and before you dismiss it out the brand and before you dismiss it out of hand some writers and historians over of hand some writers and historians over of hand some writers and historians over the eras have made similar charges the eras have made similar charges the eras have made similar charges against other public figures from that against other public figures from that against other public figures from that time Churchill even for example the time Churchill even for example the time Churchill even for example the cigar the everpresent booth the Hat the cigar the everpresent booth the Hat the cigar the everpresent booth the Hat the V sign you could put it on a poster V sign you could put it on a poster V sign you could put it on a poster couldn't you wonderful brand you know couldn't you wonderful brand you know couldn't you wonderful brand you know exactly who you're dealing with it's it exactly who you're dealing with it's it exactly who you're dealing with it's it serves two purposes it promotes serves two purposes it promotes serves two purposes it promotes Churchill personally and whatever cause Churchill personally and whatever cause Churchill personally and whatever cause he wants to push at the same time well he wants to push at the same time well he wants to push at the same time well if Churchill could do it MacArthur could if Churchill could do it MacArthur could if Churchill could do it MacArthur could do it so maybe it's a put on my response do it so maybe it's a put on my response do it so maybe it's a put on my response to that is you know I'm a cynical I all to that is you know I'm a cynical I all to that is you know I'm a cynical I all those kind of things I see right through those kind of things I see right through those kind of things I see right through this is the kind of put on that would this is the kind of put on that would this is the kind of put on that would work even for me and it's possible it's work even for me and it's possible it's work even for me and it's possible it's geared toward working on people exactly geared toward working on people exactly geared toward working on people exactly like me let me tell you one of my like me let me tell you one of my like me let me tell you one of my favorite MacArthur stories and it'll favorite MacArthur stories and it'll favorite MacArthur stories and it'll just give you an idea of how hard this just give you an idea of how hard this just give you an idea of how hard this guy is to pin down for this kind of guy is to pin down for this kind of guy is to pin down for this kind of stuff so he gets accused of not visiting stuff so he gets accused of not visiting stuff so he gets accused of not visiting the troops often enough in the the troops often enough in the the troops often enough in the Philippines uh during the whole disaster Philippines uh during the whole disaster Philippines uh during the whole disaster we're just about to get into he only we're just about to get into he only we're just about to get into he only does it once but it's a highly you know does it once but it's a highly you know does it once but it's a highly you know it's a big deal right he's coming to the it's a big deal right he's coming to the it's a big deal right he's coming to the fox holes from he's he's been safe under fox holes from he's he's been safe under fox holes from he's he's been safe under ground on the island of cargador putting ground on the island of cargador putting ground on the island of cargador putting out press releases about how terrible out press releases about how terrible out press releases about how terrible things are here but he hasn't actually things are here but he hasn't actually things are here but he hasn't actually gone there in the mud and the blood but gone there in the mud and the blood but gone there in the mud and the blood but there are generals out there who have

there are generals out there who have there are generals out there who have been Wayne wri's out there you know been Wayne wri's out there you know been Wayne wri's out there you know getting I mean just working his tail off getting I mean just working his tail off getting I mean just working his tail off so MacArthur is going to go it's this so MacArthur is going to go it's this so MacArthur is going to go it's this big deal he comes in uh some of the big deal he comes in uh some of the big deal he comes in uh some of the troops talked about how overdressed they troops talked about how overdressed they troops talked about how overdressed they were they're in creased pants and shine were they're in creased pants and shine were they're in creased pants and shine shoes MacArthur's got the corn cob pipe shoes MacArthur's got the corn cob pipe shoes MacArthur's got the corn cob pipe the dark glasses he's got the cap good the dark glasses he's got the cap good the dark glasses he's got the cap good luck finding that cap on any other US luck finding that cap on any other US luck finding that cap on any other US military officer in any other service military officer in any other service military officer in any other service it's basically you know self-designed he it's basically you know self-designed he it's basically you know self-designed he gussied it up a bit it's the MacArthur gussied it up a bit it's the MacArthur gussied it up a bit it's the MacArthur cap cap cap and he shows up and he tours the and he shows up and he tours the and he shows up and he tours the defenses for the whole day a lot of defenses for the whole day a lot of defenses for the whole day a lot of people saw him that day and my buddy people saw him that day and my buddy people saw him that day and my buddy would have said that's probably part of would have said that's probably part of would have said that's probably part of the plan uh press would have known about the plan uh press would have known about the plan uh press would have known about it it would have been one of those it it would have been one of those it it would have been one of those things where I mean if this was today things where I mean if this was today things where I mean if this was today there'd be a bazillion retweets and he'd there'd be a bazillion retweets and he'd there'd be a bazillion retweets and he'd be trending you know the number one be trending you know the number one be trending you know the number one thing today on Twitter Douglas MacArthur thing today on Twitter Douglas MacArthur thing today on Twitter Douglas MacArthur visits the troops in visits the troops in visits the troops in batan there are multiple accounts of batan there are multiple accounts of batan there are multiple accounts of different people who saw MacArthur that different people who saw MacArthur that different people who saw MacArthur that day in undefeated author Bill Sloan day in undefeated author Bill Sloan day in undefeated author Bill Sloan gives a an account from a a US Soldier gives a an account from a a US Soldier gives a an account from a a US Soldier who was in a fox hole in an area that who was in a fox hole in an area that who was in a fox hole in an area that was being hit particularly hard at that was being hit particularly hard at that was being hit particularly hard at that time by Japanese aircraft lots of time by Japanese aircraft lots of time by Japanese aircraft lots of bombing lots of strafing and the bombing lots of strafing and the bombing lots of strafing and the soldiers in the Foxhole just cowering soldiers in the Foxhole just cowering soldiers in the Foxhole just cowering down trying not to down trying not to down trying not to die and he looks up and hears General die and he looks up and hears General die and he looks up and hears General MacArthur strolling casually towards MacArthur strolling casually towards MacArthur strolling casually towards them with another General and staff them with another General and staff them with another General and staff officers the solders name by the way is officers the solders name by the way is officers the solders name by the way is captain Ralph Hibbs and Sloan has hibs captain Ralph Hibbs and Sloan has hibs captain Ralph Hibbs and Sloan has hibs explaining what happens when he sees

explaining what happens when he sees explaining what happens when he sees MacArthur and these men trailing behind MacArthur and these men trailing behind MacArthur and these men trailing behind him you know coming over the hill in the him you know coming over the hill in the him you know coming over the hill in the Battle Zone towards him Captain Hibbs Battle Zone towards him Captain Hibbs Battle Zone towards him Captain Hibbs says quote I jumped out of the Foxhole says quote I jumped out of the Foxhole says quote I jumped out of the Foxhole and gave a rather clumsy salute without and gave a rather clumsy salute without and gave a rather clumsy salute without thinking hibs later recalled MacArthur thinking hibs later recalled MacArthur thinking hibs later recalled MacArthur waved to stay put and Swinging his waved to stay put and Swinging his waved to stay put and Swinging his riding crop vigorously with great riding crop vigorously with great riding crop vigorously with great strides moved across the Open Meadow as strides moved across the Open Meadow as strides moved across the Open Meadow as more zeros came winging in a couple of more zeros came winging in a couple of more zeros came winging in a couple of his AES were tugging on his shirt and his AES were tugging on his shirt and his AES were tugging on his shirt and telling him to get down but he Shrugged telling him to get down but he Shrugged telling him to get down but he Shrugged them off and kept walking the bombs them off and kept walking the bombs them off and kept walking the bombs landed fairly close but the general was landed fairly close but the general was landed fairly close but the general was completely oblivious to them me I was in completely oblivious to them me I was in completely oblivious to them me I was in my Foxhole there is a Really Brave man I my Foxhole there is a Really Brave man I my Foxhole there is a Really Brave man I thought end thought end thought end quote MacArthur's courage has never been quote MacArthur's courage has never been quote MacArthur's courage has never been in doubt my buddy might ask the in doubt my buddy might ask the in doubt my buddy might ask the interesting question though that some interesting question though that some interesting question though that some have asked about MacArthur and some of have asked about MacArthur and some of have asked about MacArthur and some of these other really superstar generals by these other really superstar generals by these other really superstar generals by the way all of them a little bit media the way all of them a little bit media the way all of them a little bit media maybe over media Savvy who's Douglas maybe over media Savvy who's Douglas maybe over media Savvy who's Douglas MacArthur doing all this for he would MacArthur doing all this for he would MacArthur doing all this for he would say he's doing it for the men and say he's doing it for the men and say he's doing it for the men and there's no doubt that guy his morale there's no doubt that guy his morale there's no doubt that guy his morale skyrocketed so maybe that's the skyrocketed so maybe that's the skyrocketed so maybe that's the truth but is that the whole truth but is that the whole truth but is that the whole truth Douglas MacArthur's a hard guy to truth Douglas MacArthur's a hard guy to truth Douglas MacArthur's a hard guy to figure out I'll tell you this though if figure out I'll tell you this though if figure out I'll tell you this though if this is a publicity stunt and I said this is a publicity stunt and I said this is a publicity stunt and I said this to my friend I think I used a this to my friend I think I used a this to my friend I think I used a different analogy I came up with a different analogy I came up with a different analogy I came up with a better one but if this is a a publicity better one but if this is a a publicity better one but if this is a a publicity stunt it's the kind of publicity stunt stunt it's the kind of publicity stunt stunt it's the kind of publicity stunt that reminds you of like a person who that reminds you of like a person who that reminds you of like a person who would string a tight between two would string a tight between two would string a tight between two skyscrapers and walk across it carrying skyscrapers and walk across it carrying skyscrapers and walk across it carrying a pole I mean he may have invited the

a pole I mean he may have invited the a pole I mean he may have invited the media to come and watch it may be an media to come and watch it may be an media to come and watch it may be an excuse for everybody to come and cover excuse for everybody to come and cover excuse for everybody to come and cover him but it's not him but it's not him but it's not phony and what MacArthur did that day is phony and what MacArthur did that day is phony and what MacArthur did that day is not phony not phony not phony either I was walking past the TV the either I was walking past the TV the either I was walking past the TV the other night and uh a thinking about other night and uh a thinking about other night and uh a thinking about MacArthur and a light bulb went on over MacArthur and a light bulb went on over MacArthur and a light bulb went on over my head when I heard something on the my head when I heard something on the my head when I heard something on the television and my wife begged me not to television and my wife begged me not to television and my wife begged me not to use this reference CU she said you'll use this reference CU she said you'll use this reference CU she said you'll embarrass yourself CU I know nothing embarrass yourself CU I know nothing embarrass yourself CU I know nothing about it I know nothing about the about it I know nothing about the about it I know nothing about the character I know I don't know why he has character I know I don't know why he has character I know I don't know why he has this nickname I just knew when I heard this nickname I just knew when I heard this nickname I just knew when I heard it that that should be Douglas it that that should be Douglas it that that should be Douglas MacArthur's nickname it should be MacArthur's nickname it should be MacArthur's nickname it should be Douglas the situation Douglas the situation Douglas the situation MacArthur to me that sounded exactly MacArthur to me that sounded exactly MacArthur to me that sounded exactly like what his code name should be in like what his code name should be in like what his code name should be in Washington DC that's what they should Washington DC that's what they should Washington DC that's what they should call him in the White House when they're call him in the White House when they're call him in the White House when they're talking about him because to people like talking about him because to people like talking about him because to people like Roosevelt and General Marshall and most Roosevelt and General Marshall and most Roosevelt and General Marshall and most of the Admirals and a lot of other of the Admirals and a lot of other of the Admirals and a lot of other people Douglas MacArthur is the people Douglas MacArthur is the people Douglas MacArthur is the situation and the funny thing about situation and the funny thing about situation and the funny thing about Douglas MacArthur is if he found out his Douglas MacArthur is if he found out his Douglas MacArthur is if he found out his nickname was the situation he might like nickname was the situation he might like nickname was the situation he might like that too because he wanted to be on the that too because he wanted to be on the that too because he wanted to be on the minds of all these people thought he minds of all these people thought he minds of all these people thought he should have been on their minds in fact should have been on their minds in fact should have been on their minds in fact thought he should have been a higher thought he should have been a higher thought he should have been a higher priority in fact hated the Germany first priority in fact hated the Germany first priority in fact hated the Germany first policy that had just been agreed to policy that had just been agreed to policy that had just been agreed to because it meant his theater was going because it meant his theater was going because it meant his theater was going to be the one that was deemphasized and to be the one that was deemphasized and to be the one that was deemphasized and MacArthur's a big fish in that theater MacArthur's a big fish in that theater MacArthur's a big fish in that theater and made a lot of promises to the locals and made a lot of promises to the locals and made a lot of promises to the locals I mean hecky was the field Marshal of I mean hecky was the field Marshal of I mean hecky was the field Marshal of the Philippines for whatever that was the Philippines for whatever that was the Philippines for whatever that was worth uh at the time so he's got a lot worth uh at the time so he's got a lot worth uh at the time so he's got a lot of personal contact in his relationship of personal contact in his relationship of personal contact in his relationship by the way still complicated with the U by the way still complicated with the U by the way still complicated with the U the money and the power in the the money and the power in the the money and the power in the Philippine power structure again depends Philippine power structure again depends Philippine power structure again depends on you know your image of the

on you know your image of the on you know your image of the man but the reason this guyy is such a man but the reason this guyy is such a man but the reason this guyy is such a situation are two more check boxes on situation are two more check boxes on situation are two more check boxes on the ru ad diva test that he checks off I the ru ad diva test that he checks off I the ru ad diva test that he checks off I mean number one he's a pain in the ass mean number one he's a pain in the ass mean number one he's a pain in the ass to his cohorts and his superiors to his cohorts and his superiors to his cohorts and his superiors Franklin Roosevelt's relationship with Franklin Roosevelt's relationship with Franklin Roosevelt's relationship with him started off sort of lukewarm and him started off sort of lukewarm and him started off sort of lukewarm and degenerated from there by the end of degenerated from there by the end of degenerated from there by the end of Roosevelt life MacArthur hated him and Roosevelt life MacArthur hated him and Roosevelt life MacArthur hated him and Roosevelt had said that MacArthur was Roosevelt had said that MacArthur was Roosevelt had said that MacArthur was one of the two most dangerous men in one of the two most dangerous men in one of the two most dangerous men in America the other that I think he was America the other that I think he was America the other that I think he was thinking of was Louisiana Senator huie thinking of was Louisiana Senator huie thinking of was Louisiana Senator huie long the long the long the kingfish MacArthur famously had problems kingfish MacArthur famously had problems kingfish MacArthur famously had problems with the next American president too he with the next American president too he with the next American president too he had problems with the Washington Army had problems with the Washington Army had problems with the Washington Army brass in in DC he had problems with most brass in in DC he had problems with most brass in in DC he had problems with most of the Admirals although he liked and of the Admirals although he liked and of the Admirals although he liked and worked well with with bull worked well with with bull worked well with with bull Hy but a pain in the ass and see Hy but a pain in the ass and see Hy but a pain in the ass and see normally when you get these kind of normally when you get these kind of normally when you get these kind of people and you're you're looking for a people and you're you're looking for a people and you're you're looking for a better level of unity these people are better level of unity these people are better level of unity these people are not worth the trouble especially if they not worth the trouble especially if they not worth the trouble especially if they don't perform well at a certain point don't perform well at a certain point don't perform well at a certain point you take those opportunities to axe you take those opportunities to axe you take those opportunities to axe those those Mal content those poisonous those those Mal content those poisonous those those Mal content those poisonous people you know those Divas unless of people you know those Divas unless of people you know those Divas unless of course you know they're like Frank course you know they're like Frank course you know they're like Frank Sinatra or Judy Garland or one of these Sinatra or Judy Garland or one of these Sinatra or Judy Garland or one of these Sammy Davis Jr Michael Jackson any of Sammy Davis Jr Michael Jackson any of Sammy Davis Jr Michael Jackson any of the Giants right out there where you the Giants right out there where you the Giants right out there where you just go I don't care how weird they are just go I don't care how weird they are just go I don't care how weird they are um however many green & they want in the um however many green & they want in the um however many green & they want in the uh in their dressing room I don't care uh in their dressing room I don't care uh in their dressing room I don't care just get me Frank just get me Frank just get me Frank Sinatra what that means though is that

Sinatra what that means though is that Sinatra what that means though is that people like that you invest really high people like that you invest really high people like that you invest really high hopes and they become so valuable I mean hopes and they become so valuable I mean hopes and they become so valuable I mean if you sold out the padium for Frank if you sold out the padium for Frank if you sold out the padium for Frank Sinatra you can't cancel Frank Sinatra Sinatra you can't cancel Frank Sinatra Sinatra you can't cancel Frank Sinatra without there being big problems and the without there being big problems and the without there being big problems and the US takes the opportunity that Douglas US takes the opportunity that Douglas US takes the opportunity that Douglas MacArthur's stature provides them to MacArthur's stature provides them to MacArthur's stature provides them to invest a lot of Hope in Douglas invest a lot of Hope in Douglas invest a lot of Hope in Douglas MacArthur they turn him into a hero by MacArthur they turn him into a hero by MacArthur they turn him into a hero by the way the US government takes a guy the way the US government takes a guy the way the US government takes a guy who's already two-thirds of the way to who's already two-thirds of the way to who's already two-thirds of the way to fitting that mold already pours the fitting that mold already pours the fitting that mold already pours the Disney like propaganda hoes on him uh Disney like propaganda hoes on him uh Disney like propaganda hoes on him uh gives him a Congressional Medal of Honor gives him a Congressional Medal of Honor gives him a Congressional Medal of Honor in the near future to make a superhero in the near future to make a superhero in the near future to make a superhero out of out of out of McArthur the reason this is important is McArthur the reason this is important is McArthur the reason this is important is well what if you're sitting in the well what if you're sitting in the well what if you're sitting in the Philippines and you realize you are Philippines and you realize you are Philippines and you realize you are screwed you are doomed there's no way screwed you are doomed there's no way screwed you are doomed there's no way this is going to work out the odds are this is going to work out the odds are this is going to work out the odds are totally against you the only thing that totally against you the only thing that totally against you the only thing that gives you any hope in the Philippines is gives you any hope in the Philippines is gives you any hope in the Philippines is that you have a transcendental military that you have a transcendental military that you have a transcendental military leader in charge uh it's hard to leader in charge uh it's hard to leader in charge uh it's hard to describe what people thought especially describe what people thought especially describe what people thought especially the Filipino thought MacArthur was the Filipino thought MacArthur was the Filipino thought MacArthur was capable of he could pull a rabbit out of capable of he could pull a rabbit out of capable of he could pull a rabbit out of his hat militarily speaking at any time his hat militarily speaking at any time his hat militarily speaking at any time can't rule out Douglas MacArthur so you can't rule out Douglas MacArthur so you can't rule out Douglas MacArthur so you can't remove Douglas MacArthur either can't remove Douglas MacArthur either can't remove Douglas MacArthur either without that whole pillar of Hope without that whole pillar of Hope without that whole pillar of Hope collapsing he's too big to Fire and he collapsing he's too big to Fire and he collapsing he's too big to Fire and he knows it so you're stuck with him and knows it so you're stuck with him and knows it so you're stuck with him and the problem is is that initially he does the problem is is that initially he does the problem is is that initially he does not perform well at all historian Ronald not perform well at all historian Ronald not perform well at all historian Ronald H Spectre said that the government would H Spectre said that the government would H Spectre said that the government would have been fully justified in removing have been fully justified in removing have been fully justified in removing MacArthur to be honest once again I tend

MacArthur to be honest once again I tend MacArthur to be honest once again I tend to cut people slack in this situation to cut people slack in this situation to cut people slack in this situation MacArthur and the Americans and the MacArthur and the Americans and the MacArthur and the Americans and the Filipinos are going to face the same Filipinos are going to face the same Filipinos are going to face the same kind of acid test of combat exposure kind of acid test of combat exposure kind of acid test of combat exposure moment that the British and the Imperial moment that the British and the Imperial moment that the British and the Imperial troops in Malaya got to experience right troops in Malaya got to experience right troops in Malaya got to experience right where all of your pre-war estimations where all of your pre-war estimations where all of your pre-war estimations are put to the test um your assumptions are put to the test um your assumptions are put to the test um your assumptions your plans all that stuff gets the final your plans all that stuff gets the final your plans all that stuff gets the final exam and as usual and this is always the exam and as usual and this is always the exam and as usual and this is always the problem with war games and whatnot I problem with war games and whatnot I problem with war games and whatnot I mean you generally don't assume for mean you generally don't assume for mean you generally don't assume for situations that seem too wild to contend situations that seem too wild to contend situations that seem too wild to contend with and I can guarantee you MacArthur's with and I can guarantee you MacArthur's with and I can guarantee you MacArthur's War plans did not take into account the War plans did not take into account the War plans did not take into account the idea that the Japanese might control the idea that the Japanese might control the idea that the Japanese might control the air and the Sea uncontested control of air and the Sea uncontested control of air and the Sea uncontested control of the air and the Sea by the way that's the air and the Sea by the way that's the air and the Sea by the way that's not generally in your assumptions uh and not generally in your assumptions uh and not generally in your assumptions uh and that's going to be the case so right that's going to be the case so right that's going to be the case so right there little difference between the there little difference between the there little difference between the pre-war plans and the actual War pre-war plans and the actual War pre-war plans and the actual War conditions conditions conditions the other problem that they had in the other problem that they had in the other problem that they had in Malaya will be replicated here as well Malaya will be replicated here as well Malaya will be replicated here as well which is that the um decisions made which is that the um decisions made which is that the um decisions made before the conflict breaks out will Doom before the conflict breaks out will Doom before the conflict breaks out will Doom everybody before I start criticizing everybody before I start criticizing everybody before I start criticizing General MacArthur's plan for defending General MacArthur's plan for defending General MacArthur's plan for defending the Philippines and of course as a the Philippines and of course as a the Philippines and of course as a history fan I'm totally entitled on it I history fan I'm totally entitled on it I history fan I'm totally entitled on it I had to criticize uh one of the US's had to criticize uh one of the US's had to criticize uh one of the US's major generals throughout its history major generals throughout its history major generals throughout its history totally qualified to do that um but totally qualified to do that um but totally qualified to do that um but before I do let's acknowledge something before I do let's acknowledge something before I do let's acknowledge something right away there are no good plans for right away there are no good plans for right away there are no good plans for defending the Philippines it's not like defending the Philippines it's not like defending the Philippines it's not like MacArthur's plan is up against a bunch MacArthur's plan is up against a bunch MacArthur's plan is up against a bunch of plans that were better and it just of plans that were better and it just of plans that were better and it just didn't get CH there are no good

didn't get CH there are no good didn't get CH there are no good plans there's a sizable contingent of plans there's a sizable contingent of plans there's a sizable contingent of top military leadership especially in top military leadership especially in top military leadership especially in the Navy who considers the Philippines the Navy who considers the Philippines the Navy who considers the Philippines indefensible if the Japanese want them indefensible if the Japanese want them indefensible if the Japanese want them they can have them if for no other they can have them if for no other they can have them if for no other reason than proximity right look how reason than proximity right look how reason than proximity right look how close Japan is compared to the United close Japan is compared to the United close Japan is compared to the United States and remember these are people who States and remember these are people who States and remember these are people who think the Philippines are indefensible think the Philippines are indefensible think the Philippines are indefensible who are assuming there's still going to who are assuming there's still going to who are assuming there's still going to be a robust United States Navy to be a robust United States Navy to be a robust United States Navy to contend everything if they're contend everything if they're contend everything if they're indefensible under those conditions indefensible under those conditions indefensible under those conditions they're really indefensible after Pearl they're really indefensible after Pearl they're really indefensible after Pearl Harbor but if they're indefensible do Harbor but if they're indefensible do Harbor but if they're indefensible do you just not defend them do you say that you just not defend them do you say that you just not defend them do you say that the war policy for the United States in the war policy for the United States in the war policy for the United States in the Philippines remember we have you the Philippines remember we have you the Philippines remember we have you know military assets there it's one of know military assets there it's one of know military assets there it's one of our bases our war plan is that the our bases our war plan is that the our bases our war plan is that the Japanese attacked we're Japanese attacked we're Japanese attacked we're leaving and we're leaving the Philippine leaving and we're leaving the Philippine leaving and we're leaving the Philippine Islands to you know the conquerors that Islands to you know the conquerors that Islands to you know the conquerors that is so politically unpalatable for people is so politically unpalatable for people is so politically unpalatable for people that at least we mark it as a big that at least we mark it as a big that at least we mark it as a big brother little brother relationship and brother little brother relationship and brother little brother relationship and a lot of Filipinos buy into a lot of Filipinos buy into a lot of Filipinos buy into that we uh certainly are making a lot of that we uh certainly are making a lot of that we uh certainly are making a lot of noise about protecting the islands we noise about protecting the islands we noise about protecting the islands we have military assets there we have have military assets there we have have military assets there we have general Douglas MacArthur there whose general Douglas MacArthur there whose general Douglas MacArthur there whose wonderful cap is proof that he's Allin wonderful cap is proof that he's Allin wonderful cap is proof that he's Allin because that's the cap of the Philippine because that's the cap of the Philippine because that's the cap of the Philippine Army's top rank field Marshal which he Army's top rank field Marshal which he Army's top rank field Marshal which he holds which is a little weird he had holds which is a little weird he had holds which is a little weird he had fights with Eisenhower about it fights with Eisenhower about it fights with Eisenhower about it Eisenhower basically saying you're a Eisenhower basically saying you're a Eisenhower basically saying you're a force star US general that's something force star US general that's something force star US general that's something to be proud of what are you doing to be proud of what are you doing to be proud of what are you doing holding a Gody Field Marshal baton for holding a Gody Field Marshal baton for holding a Gody Field Marshal baton for the Philippine but you know I mean an the Philippine but you know I mean an the Philippine but you know I mean an honor is an honor and MacArthur like

honor is an honor and MacArthur like honor is an honor and MacArthur like that stuff and he wore that cap all that stuff and he wore that cap all that stuff and he wore that cap all throughout the war signature field throughout the war signature field throughout the war signature field Marshall Marshall Marshall cap but MacArthur's also out there cap but MacArthur's also out there cap but MacArthur's also out there telling the Filipinos in these rousing telling the Filipinos in these rousing telling the Filipinos in these rousing speeches don't worry we're here you know speeches don't worry we're here you know speeches don't worry we're here you know the entire weight of the great the entire weight of the great the entire weight of the great democracies of the world are here at democracies of the world are here at democracies of the world are here at your side I mean come your side I mean come your side I mean come on your War plan has to do better than on your War plan has to do better than on your War plan has to do better than we're going home if we're attacked so we're going home if we're attacked so we're going home if we're attacked so sometimes the politics get involved in sometimes the politics get involved in sometimes the politics get involved in ways and the diplomacy gets involved in ways and the diplomacy gets involved in ways and the diplomacy gets involved in ways that sort of doesn't consider too ways that sort of doesn't consider too ways that sort of doesn't consider too much what's actually going to happen on much what's actually going to happen on much what's actually going to happen on the battlefield because if the islands the battlefield because if the islands the battlefield because if the islands really are indefensible what happens to really are indefensible what happens to really are indefensible what happens to the people you send over there to defend the people you send over there to defend the people you send over there to defend them that's the situation the troops them that's the situation the troops them that's the situation the troops will find themselves in on the ground will find themselves in on the ground will find themselves in on the ground here the same way that those troops in here the same way that those troops in here the same way that those troops in Hong Kong fighting for Canada and the Hong Kong fighting for Canada and the Hong Kong fighting for Canada and the Empire and all these other places has Empire and all these other places has Empire and all these other places has had to continue to fight on or what have had to continue to fight on or what have had to continue to fight on or what have you for the honor of the Empire well we you for the honor of the Empire well we you for the honor of the Empire well we have to have a war plan here in the have to have a war plan here in the have to have a war plan here in the United States for an indefensible place United States for an indefensible place United States for an indefensible place because to not have a war plan to defend because to not have a war plan to defend because to not have a war plan to defend the indefensible place is indefensible the indefensible place is indefensible the indefensible place is indefensible if you know what I if you know what I if you know what I mean this is as old as armies by the way mean this is as old as armies by the way mean this is as old as armies by the way there's nothing new at all about putting there's nothing new at all about putting there's nothing new at all about putting troops into militarily dubious troops into militarily dubious troops into militarily dubious situations for diplomatic purposes situations for diplomatic purposes situations for diplomatic purposes happens all the time and it's a reason happens all the time and it's a reason happens all the time and it's a reason that strategists and War planners have that strategists and War planners have that strategists and War planners have to account for I mean they'll understand to account for I mean they'll understand to account for I mean they'll understand that sometimes the best we can hope for that sometimes the best we can hope for that sometimes the best we can hope for in a situation is to perhaps not be

in a situation is to perhaps not be in a situation is to perhaps not be victorious but have a strategy a plan to victorious but have a strategy a plan to victorious but have a strategy a plan to not lose or to lose really slowly or to not lose or to lose really slowly or to not lose or to lose really slowly or to hold out for a long time under siege and hold out for a long time under siege and hold out for a long time under siege and then be then be then be rescued any of those things might be rescued any of those things might be rescued any of those things might be applicable in certain situations and applicable in certain situations and applicable in certain situations and between the two World Wars there were between the two World Wars there were between the two World Wars there were War plans that account counted for War plans that account counted for War plans that account counted for things like that and the the basic things like that and the the basic things like that and the the basic attitude was that if you couldn't defeat attitude was that if you couldn't defeat attitude was that if you couldn't defeat the enemy uh you would Retreat to the the enemy uh you would Retreat to the the enemy uh you would Retreat to the batan peninsula and hold out there the batan peninsula and hold out there the batan peninsula and hold out there the batan peninsula is a wonderful place to batan peninsula is a wonderful place to batan peninsula is a wonderful place to retreat for all sorts of reasons the retreat for all sorts of reasons the retreat for all sorts of reasons the first one is is if you control it look first one is is if you control it look first one is is if you control it look at the map it's sort of right by Manila at the map it's sort of right by Manila at the map it's sort of right by Manila Bay if you control it and the bone in Bay if you control it and the bone in Bay if you control it and the bone in the throat fortified little teeny island the throat fortified little teeny island the throat fortified little teeny island of cargador you control Manila Bay and of cargador you control Manila Bay and of cargador you control Manila Bay and there's Manila the giant urban center of there's Manila the giant urban center of there's Manila the giant urban center of the Philippines right there as well the Philippines right there as well the Philippines right there as well MacArthur said MacArthur said MacArthur said um that if you had an invasion take the um that if you had an invasion take the um that if you had an invasion take the rest of the island if he control rest of the island if he control rest of the island if he control corgador and batan then they might have corgador and batan then they might have corgador and batan then they might have the bottle but he'd have the the bottle but he'd have the the bottle but he'd have the cork Allied troops would be doing damage cork Allied troops would be doing damage cork Allied troops would be doing damage to the Japanese simply by holding out on to the Japanese simply by holding out on to the Japanese simply by holding out on batan and cargador they' be a thorn in batan and cargador they' be a thorn in batan and cargador they' be a thorn in the side of all their operations so this the side of all their operations so this the side of all their operations so this is a good strategic spot to retreat to is a good strategic spot to retreat to is a good strategic spot to retreat to in terms of having in terms of having in terms of having importance but it's also a good spot to importance but it's also a good spot to importance but it's also a good spot to treat to cuz it's very defensible nature treat to cuz it's very defensible nature treat to cuz it's very defensible nature began that process by creating uh this began that process by creating uh this began that process by creating uh this peninsula that is some of the heaviest peninsula that is some of the heaviest peninsula that is some of the heaviest jungle you will ever see and I lack the jungle you will ever see and I lack the jungle you will ever see and I lack the adjectives to distinguish between all

adjectives to distinguish between all adjectives to distinguish between all the different levels of heavy jungle in the different levels of heavy jungle in the different levels of heavy jungle in this this this theater but it's very heavy jungle theater but it's very heavy jungle theater but it's very heavy jungle indeed you would never want to have to indeed you would never want to have to indeed you would never want to have to go root an enemy out of there that was go root an enemy out of there that was go root an enemy out of there that was you know waiting for you in addition to you know waiting for you in addition to you know waiting for you in addition to the heavy jungle there's not one but two the heavy jungle there's not one but two the heavy jungle there's not one but two volcanoes in this space that's something volcanoes in this space that's something volcanoes in this space that's something like 15 by 30 Mi or 20 x 25 miles I've like 15 by 30 Mi or 20 x 25 miles I've like 15 by 30 Mi or 20 x 25 miles I've read both but it's not a very big area read both but it's not a very big area read both but it's not a very big area to have two volcanoes now they're not to have two volcanoes now they're not to have two volcanoes now they're not spewing lava at the moment they're spewing lava at the moment they're spewing lava at the moment they're dormant or they're dead I don't know but dormant or they're dead I don't know but dormant or they're dead I don't know but look at a map they take up a huge chunk look at a map they take up a huge chunk look at a map they take up a huge chunk of the real estate in this area that's of the real estate in this area that's of the real estate in this area that's going to be defended and they're going going to be defended and they're going going to be defended and they're going to be used as part of the defense line to be used as part of the defense line to be used as part of the defense line right I mean if you want to Anchor a right I mean if you want to Anchor a right I mean if you want to Anchor a defense line or you want to have the defense line or you want to have the defense line or you want to have the middle covered by something that uh middle covered by something that uh middle covered by something that uh should keep the enemy at Bay we put a should keep the enemy at Bay we put a should keep the enemy at Bay we put a big volcano in the middle of it and they big volcano in the middle of it and they big volcano in the middle of it and they do do do then once you decide you're going to use then once you decide you're going to use then once you decide you're going to use the batan peninsula for this purpose you the batan peninsula for this purpose you the batan peninsula for this purpose you bring in the combat engineers and you bring in the combat engineers and you bring in the combat engineers and you improve on what nature started you lay improve on what nature started you lay improve on what nature started you lay out the Mine Fields you build the tank out the Mine Fields you build the tank out the Mine Fields you build the tank traps you clear fields of fire you sight traps you clear fields of fire you sight traps you clear fields of fire you sight artillery you build pill boxes and artillery you build pill boxes and artillery you build pill boxes and bunkers and you can make this the kind bunkers and you can make this the kind bunkers and you can make this the kind of place that armies will break of place that armies will break of place that armies will break themselves trying to get themselves trying to get themselves trying to get into and then of course you have to make into and then of course you have to make into and then of course you have to make sure that the people that end up under sure that the people that end up under sure that the people that end up under Siege here cuz that's what everybody Siege here cuz that's what everybody Siege here cuz that's what everybody thinks is going to happen it's going to thinks is going to happen it's going to thinks is going to happen it's going to be like the Alamo right with hopefully a be like the Alamo right with hopefully a be like the Alamo right with hopefully a happier ending they're going to need happier ending they're going to need happier ending they're going to need stuff aren't they so you're going to stuff aren't they so you're going to stuff aren't they so you're going to stockpile all the food and all the stockpile all the food and all the stockpile all the food and all the ammunition and all the medical supplies ammunition and all the medical supplies ammunition and all the medical supplies on batan so there's plenty to keep

on batan so there's plenty to keep on batan so there's plenty to keep people you know happy healthy and people you know happy healthy and people you know happy healthy and fighting while they await rescue from fighting while they await rescue from fighting while they await rescue from the US Navy most of these plans and the US Navy most of these plans and the US Navy most of these plans and vision Douglas MacArthur does not like vision Douglas MacArthur does not like vision Douglas MacArthur does not like these plans he does not like the whole these plans he does not like the whole these plans he does not like the whole gist of these plans the idea that you gist of these plans the idea that you gist of these plans the idea that you would assume human plan for a defeat and would assume human plan for a defeat and would assume human plan for a defeat and essentially prepare to be besieged by essentially prepare to be besieged by essentially prepare to be besieged by the enemy he called it the enemy he called it the enemy he called it defeatist he can call it anything he defeatist he can call it anything he defeatist he can call it anything he wants doesn't really matter until mid wants doesn't really matter until mid wants doesn't really matter until mid 1941 when he's put in charge of American 1941 when he's put in charge of American 1941 when he's put in charge of American and Philippine forces in the Philippines and Philippine forces in the Philippines and Philippine forces in the Philippines and this is uh several months before War and this is uh several months before War and this is uh several months before War breaks out so now this is the guy who breaks out so now this is the guy who breaks out so now this is the guy who has to decide what the plan for the has to decide what the plan for the has to decide what the plan for the defense of the Philippines is going to defense of the Philippines is going to defense of the Philippines is going to be and it is not going to be that we're be and it is not going to be that we're be and it is not going to be that we're going to assume we're defeated and we're going to assume we're defeated and we're going to assume we're defeated and we're going to prepare to be besieged at batan going to prepare to be besieged at batan going to prepare to be besieged at batan we're going to throw the enemy back into we're going to throw the enemy back into we're going to throw the enemy back into the sea I mean would you expect any less the sea I mean would you expect any less the sea I mean would you expect any less of one of these Superstars some might of one of these Superstars some might of one of these Superstars some might say super ego generals it just doesn't say super ego generals it just doesn't say super ego generals it just doesn't suit them to say I'm going to plan I'm suit them to say I'm going to plan I'm suit them to say I'm going to plan I'm going to lose and I'm going to retreat going to lose and I'm going to retreat going to lose and I'm going to retreat and I'm going to try to hold out and and I'm going to try to hold out and and I'm going to try to hold out and then I'm going to let the bloody Navy then I'm going to let the bloody Navy then I'm going to let the bloody Navy come and rescue me I mean he didn't he come and rescue me I mean he didn't he come and rescue me I mean he didn't he had always had a good jab for the Navy had always had a good jab for the Navy had always had a good jab for the Navy you're going to R it was not going to you're going to R it was not going to you're going to R it was not going to happen so MacArthur comes up with this happen so MacArthur comes up with this happen so MacArthur comes up with this plan that doesn't look like a bad plan plan that doesn't look like a bad plan plan that doesn't look like a bad plan at all if he's got a first class at all if he's got a first class at all if he's got a first class military carrying it out if he's got the military carrying it out if he's got the military carrying it out if he's got the US military from 1944 it's a good plan US military from 1944 it's a good plan US military from 1944 it's a good plan he doesn't have that he has something he doesn't have that he has something he doesn't have that he has something that on paper looks large enough to be that on paper looks large enough to be that on paper looks large enough to be mistaken for that but those numbers lie mistaken for that but those numbers lie mistaken for that but those numbers lie it is MacArthur's own team though that

it is MacArthur's own team though that it is MacArthur's own team though that he built from scratch and it might have he built from scratch and it might have he built from scratch and it might have clouded his judgment it's one of the clouded his judgment it's one of the clouded his judgment it's one of the Miracles here there is a Philippine Army Miracles here there is a Philippine Army Miracles here there is a Philippine Army that is somewhere between 80 to 100,000 that is somewhere between 80 to 100,000 that is somewhere between 80 to 100,000 men that's going to be put into action men that's going to be put into action men that's going to be put into action here in the Philippines let's understand here in the Philippines let's understand here in the Philippines let's understand something 10 years before this time something 10 years before this time something 10 years before this time there was no Philippine Army there was there was no Philippine Army there was there was no Philippine Army there was no Institute there was nothing MacArthur no Institute there was nothing MacArthur no Institute there was nothing MacArthur came in and it's really over the came in and it's really over the came in and it's really over the previous five or six years that he's previous five or six years that he's previous five or six years that he's built up this entire institution from built up this entire institution from built up this entire institution from scratch and when you think of everything scratch and when you think of everything scratch and when you think of everything that you have to do to create a that you have to do to create a that you have to do to create a foundation for a a a armed forces of all foundation for a a a armed forces of all foundation for a a a armed forces of all kinds not just Army it's incredible that kinds not just Army it's incredible that kinds not just Army it's incredible that there are as many Filipinos that could there are as many Filipinos that could there are as many Filipinos that could meet the Japanese and defeat them in meet the Japanese and defeat them in meet the Japanese and defeat them in this Army as there are now and there's this Army as there are now and there's this Army as there are now and there's you know 12,000 Philippine Scouts that you know 12,000 Philippine Scouts that you know 12,000 Philippine Scouts that are us regulars there's units in the pH are us regulars there's units in the pH are us regulars there's units in the pH first Philippine division that are great first Philippine division that are great first Philippine division that are great so no knock on them but when you have 80 so no knock on them but when you have 80 so no knock on them but when you have 80 to 100,000 men and a military to 100,000 men and a military to 100,000 men and a military institution that's only been around five institution that's only been around five institution that's only been around five six seven years a lot of those people six seven years a lot of those people six seven years a lot of those people are not going to be ready to face the are not going to be ready to face the are not going to be ready to face the Japanese and this is something MacArthur Japanese and this is something MacArthur Japanese and this is something MacArthur should have known when you have one of should have known when you have one of should have known when you have one of those great mines right that runs like a those great mines right that runs like a those great mines right that runs like a machine you would think you would machine you would think you would machine you would think you would understand that you cannot put some of understand that you cannot put some of understand that you cannot put some of these units in places where if they lose these units in places where if they lose these units in places where if they lose the entire plan goes to hell but that's the entire plan goes to hell but that's the entire plan goes to hell but that's just what MacArthur will do now you just what MacArthur will do now you just what MacArthur will do now you don't know it it's all theore thetical don't know it it's all theore thetical don't know it it's all theore thetical right until you get the acid test of right until you get the acid test of right until you get the acid test of combat and it's not just theoretical combat and it's not just theoretical combat and it's not just theoretical it's backed by MacArthur himself so it's backed by MacArthur himself so it's backed by MacArthur himself so that's the golden seal of approval that that's the golden seal of approval that that's the golden seal of approval that just because you think there might be just because you think there might be just because you think there might be reservations you're not dealing with a reservations you're not dealing with a reservations you're not dealing with a normal mortal here believe me this will normal mortal here believe me this will normal mortal here believe me this will work I built this team from scratch I

work I built this team from scratch I work I built this team from scratch I know these men they will resist the know these men they will resist the know these men they will resist the Japanese on the beaches on December 22nd Japanese on the beaches on December 22nd Japanese on the beaches on December 22nd 1941 you get a chance to find out 1941 you get a chance to find out 1941 you get a chance to find out whether MacArthur's right or wrong about whether MacArthur's right or wrong about whether MacArthur's right or wrong about that and he's wrong and he's wrong that and he's wrong and he's wrong that and he's wrong and he's wrong quickly quickly quickly MacArthur is Accused here by critics of MacArthur is Accused here by critics of MacArthur is Accused here by critics of reacting sluggishly to the initial reacting sluggishly to the initial reacting sluggishly to the initial Japanese moves and I think that's true Japanese moves and I think that's true Japanese moves and I think that's true but on the other hand let's look at the but on the other hand let's look at the but on the other hand let's look at the Japanese side of this too part of it is Japanese side of this too part of it is Japanese side of this too part of it is that they're doing things at warp speed that they're doing things at warp speed that they're doing things at warp speed and we had mentioned earlier in the and we had mentioned earlier in the and we had mentioned earlier in the Malaya story that speed and audacity is Malaya story that speed and audacity is Malaya story that speed and audacity is something the Japanese are using to something the Japanese are using to something the Japanese are using to compensate for some of their compensate for some of their compensate for some of their deficiencies and it worked great in deficiencies and it worked great in deficiencies and it worked great in Malaya it's part of this early Japanese Malaya it's part of this early Japanese Malaya it's part of this early Japanese Blitz Creek plan and now it's working Blitz Creek plan and now it's working Blitz Creek plan and now it's working well in the Philippines and completely well in the Philippines and completely well in the Philippines and completely discombobulates everything and this is discombobulates everything and this is discombobulates everything and this is one of those stories where it's the one of those stories where it's the one of those stories where it's the opposite of what it is sometimes where opposite of what it is sometimes where opposite of what it is sometimes where sometimes if you go into a war story uh sometimes if you go into a war story uh sometimes if you go into a war story uh talking about where the troops move and talking about where the troops move and talking about where the troops move and what the generals are doing and all that what the generals are doing and all that what the generals are doing and all that stuff sort of illuminates and clarifies stuff sort of illuminates and clarifies stuff sort of illuminates and clarifies the situation but sometimes it does the the situation but sometimes it does the the situation but sometimes it does the opposite and you sort of lose the forest opposite and you sort of lose the forest opposite and you sort of lose the forest for the trees and this is one of those for the trees and this is one of those for the trees and this is one of those situations part of the reason why is the situations part of the reason why is the situations part of the reason why is the military moves don't matter that much military moves don't matter that much military moves don't matter that much because nothing that the great because nothing that the great because nothing that the great strategist is going to do is going to strategist is going to do is going to strategist is going to do is going to change the outcome it's not a question change the outcome it's not a question change the outcome it's not a question of well if you'd only moved your knight of well if you'd only moved your knight of well if you'd only moved your knight and pawn over here I mean he never and pawn over here I mean he never and pawn over here I mean he never you're not going to snatch Victory from you're not going to snatch Victory from you're not going to snatch Victory from the jaws of defeat here this is a the jaws of defeat here this is a the jaws of defeat here this is a foregone conclusion because these most foregone conclusion because these most foregone conclusion because these most of these Philippine units cannot fight of these Philippine units cannot fight of these Philippine units cannot fight the Japanese they wouldn't probably be the Japanese they wouldn't probably be the Japanese they wouldn't probably be able to fight them on equal terms but

able to fight them on equal terms but able to fight them on equal terms but they're in an extremely disadvantaged they're in an extremely disadvantaged they're in an extremely disadvantaged situation as we said that the American situation as we said that the American situation as we said that the American Air Force which is really the Army Air Air Force which is really the Army Air Air Force which is really the Army Air Force has has for all intents and Force has has for all intents and Force has has for all intents and purposes in this part of the Philippines purposes in this part of the Philippines purposes in this part of the Philippines by this time ceased to exist and these by this time ceased to exist and these by this time ceased to exist and these troops these green troops who have troops these green troops who have troops these green troops who have almost certainly never heard a shot almost certainly never heard a shot almost certainly never heard a shot fired in Anger are being bombed and fired in Anger are being bombed and fired in Anger are being bombed and strafed from the air they're being strafed from the air they're being strafed from the air they're being pounded with artillery the Japanese have pounded with artillery the Japanese have pounded with artillery the Japanese have tanks they have offshore Naval guns this tanks they have offshore Naval guns this tanks they have offshore Naval guns this is a is a is a Slaughter so this is a plan that was Slaughter so this is a plan that was Slaughter so this is a plan that was doomed already and the Japanese push doomed already and the Japanese push doomed already and the Japanese push Inland so fast that that you don't Inland so fast that that you don't Inland so fast that that you don't realize unless you look at a timeline realize unless you look at a timeline realize unless you look at a timeline and match it up to events how quickly and match it up to events how quickly and match it up to events how quickly it's happening I mean we in the United it's happening I mean we in the United it's happening I mean we in the United States celebrate the heroism of the States celebrate the heroism of the States celebrate the heroism of the Philippine units uh General Wayne W's Philippine units uh General Wayne W's Philippine units uh General Wayne W's Force the 26th regiment which is the Force the 26th regiment which is the Force the 26th regiment which is the Philippine Scouts and American forces in Philippine Scouts and American forces in Philippine Scouts and American forces in slowing the Japanese slowing the Japanese slowing the Japanese down and it is heroic I mean the stuff down and it is heroic I mean the stuff down and it is heroic I mean the stuff that's done this is some of the Alamo that's done this is some of the Alamo that's done this is some of the Alamo type moments you have two kinds of type moments you have two kinds of type moments you have two kinds of military history you have the triumphs military history you have the triumphs military history you have the triumphs where you're marching through the where you're marching through the where you're marching through the enemy's City victoriously and it's all enemy's City victoriously and it's all enemy's City victoriously and it's all great and advancing and offensives and great and advancing and offensives and great and advancing and offensives and smashing the enemy and that's great and smashing the enemy and that's great and smashing the enemy and that's great and then you have the Alamo and these then you have the Alamo and these then you have the Alamo and these wonderful the thermop the wonderful wonderful the thermop the wonderful wonderful the thermop the wonderful defeats that you defeats that you defeats that you celebrate I mean we in the United States celebrate I mean we in the United States celebrate I mean we in the United States and and the Filipinos we celebrate these and and the Filipinos we celebrate these and and the Filipinos we celebrate these delaying actions but when you actually delaying actions but when you actually delaying actions but when you actually look at a timeline and and they're look at a timeline and and they're look at a timeline and and they're heroic as heck but but they didn't delay heroic as heck but but they didn't delay heroic as heck but but they didn't delay them very long I mean by the 23rd the them very long I mean by the 23rd the them very long I mean by the 23rd the afternoon of the 23rd and remember it's afternoon of the 23rd and remember it's afternoon of the 23rd and remember it's the morning of the 22nd that the big the morning of the 22nd that the big the morning of the 22nd that the big Invasion happens so a day and a half Invasion happens so a day and a half Invasion happens so a day and a half later General way Wright is asking for later General way Wright is asking for later General way Wright is asking for permission to retreat to the to a to a permission to retreat to the to a to a permission to retreat to the to a to a defense line I mean they're already defense line I mean they're already defense line I mean they're already saying we're done and more power to him

saying we're done and more power to him saying we're done and more power to him I mean he's commanding the 26th regiment I mean he's commanding the 26th regiment I mean he's commanding the 26th regiment the Filipino Scouts which by the way are the Filipino Scouts which by the way are the Filipino Scouts which by the way are horse cavalry yes horses men on horses horse cavalry yes horses men on horses horse cavalry yes horses men on horses in the jungle it's awesome in the jungle it's awesome in the jungle it's awesome uh they're uh they're uh they're getting decimated I he said uh that this getting decimated I he said uh that this getting decimated I he said uh that this whole time period began an era and I'm whole time period began an era and I'm whole time period began an era and I'm Loosely quoting here from memory uh of Loosely quoting here from memory uh of Loosely quoting here from memory uh of killing Japs being killed and pulling killing Japs being killed and pulling killing Japs being killed and pulling back and he learns and is exquisitly back and he learns and is exquisitly back and he learns and is exquisitly good at keeping the Japanese chasing him good at keeping the Japanese chasing him good at keeping the Japanese chasing him and then setting up as if he's going to and then setting up as if he's going to and then setting up as if he's going to fight a battle making the Japanese stop fight a battle making the Japanese stop fight a battle making the Japanese stop set up for a whole set piece battle set up for a whole set piece battle set up for a whole set piece battle which takes hours and everything gets which takes hours and everything gets which takes hours and everything gets everything into place and then pulling everything into place and then pulling everything into place and then pulling back so it's wonderful rear guard back so it's wonderful rear guard back so it's wonderful rear guard actions and it serves a a great purpose actions and it serves a a great purpose actions and it serves a a great purpose I mean these people are all dying during I mean these people are all dying during I mean these people are all dying during these rear guard actions and these these rear guard actions and these these rear guard actions and these LeapFrog backwards actions for time and LeapFrog backwards actions for time and LeapFrog backwards actions for time and the reason we said is because the reason we said is because the reason we said is because everything's happening so quickly and everything's happening so quickly and everything's happening so quickly and the Japanese will be speeding on their the Japanese will be speeding on their the Japanese will be speeding on their way on the roads towards Manila within way on the roads towards Manila within way on the roads towards Manila within 48 hours they have also landed on the 48 hours they have also landed on the 48 hours they have also landed on the other side of Manila with 7 to 8,000 other side of Manila with 7 to 8,000 other side of Manila with 7 to 8,000 guys MacArthur who knew the amphibious guys MacArthur who knew the amphibious guys MacArthur who knew the amphibious assaults were going to come somewhere assaults were going to come somewhere assaults were going to come somewhere after all malayo was seeing that in after all malayo was seeing that in after all malayo was seeing that in Spades uh maybe what wasn't expecting it Spades uh maybe what wasn't expecting it Spades uh maybe what wasn't expecting it quite here cuz this move now is going to quite here cuz this move now is going to quite here cuz this move now is going to catch Manila in a pincer movement and catch Manila in a pincer movement and catch Manila in a pincer movement and close it up in a ring and threaten to close it up in a ring and threaten to close it up in a ring and threaten to cut MacArthur's forces into pieces so cut MacArthur's forces into pieces so cut MacArthur's forces into pieces so that they can be defeated one by one so that they can be defeated one by one so that they can be defeated one by one so MacArthur has to do something drastic MacArthur has to do something drastic MacArthur has to do something drastic because his plan is failing so he because his plan is failing so he because his plan is failing so he changes the plan within 48 changes the plan within 48 changes the plan within 48 Hours MacArthur's new plan is one of the

Hours MacArthur's new plan is one of the Hours MacArthur's new plan is one of the older plans it was called War plan older plans it was called War plan older plans it was called War plan Orange 3 Orange 3 Orange 3 wp3 and and it's the sort of plan that wp3 and and it's the sort of plan that wp3 and and it's the sort of plan that MacArthur would have called defeatist in MacArthur would have called defeatist in MacArthur would have called defeatist in fact he did call it defe but now that fact he did call it defe but now that fact he did call it defe but now that his troops were being defeated it didn't his troops were being defeated it didn't his troops were being defeated it didn't sound so bad to retreat to the batan sound so bad to retreat to the batan sound so bad to retreat to the batan peninsula and hunker down there for a peninsula and hunker down there for a peninsula and hunker down there for a Siege except of course that none of the Siege except of course that none of the Siege except of course that none of the things that you would have had in place things that you would have had in place things that you would have had in place there had this been the plan the whole there had this been the plan the whole there had this been the plan the whole time or in place there anymore because time or in place there anymore because time or in place there anymore because it hasn't been the plan for it hasn't been the plan for it hasn't been the plan for months the troops that might have been months the troops that might have been months the troops that might have been in a position to easily Retreat to batan in a position to easily Retreat to batan in a position to easily Retreat to batan are now spread out all over the island are now spread out all over the island are now spread out all over the island some of them 140 150 mil away way the some of them 140 150 mil away way the some of them 140 150 mil away way the stuff that should have been stockpiled stuff that should have been stockpiled stuff that should have been stockpiled in batan to feed uh treat the wounds and in batan to feed uh treat the wounds and in batan to feed uh treat the wounds and disease of and Supply the weapons four disease of and Supply the weapons four disease of and Supply the weapons four of all these troops that's not in batan of all these troops that's not in batan of all these troops that's not in batan either most of that's been captured by either most of that's been captured by either most of that's been captured by the Japanese as they've overrun the the Japanese as they've overrun the the Japanese as they've overrun the Supply Supply Supply Depot there's this horrible Depot there's this horrible Depot there's this horrible heartbreaking moment if you know this heartbreaking moment if you know this heartbreaking moment if you know this story I like to think of it as it's like story I like to think of it as it's like story I like to think of it as it's like twisting the knife in a wound that twisting the knife in a wound that twisting the knife in a wound that hasn't been made yet where the Japanese hasn't been made yet where the Japanese hasn't been made yet where the Japanese will burn rice pyramids of rice they'll will burn rice pyramids of rice they'll will burn rice pyramids of rice they'll capture tens of millions of bushels of capture tens of millions of bushels of capture tens of millions of bushels of rice uh that will soon be desperately rice uh that will soon be desperately rice uh that will soon be desperately needed by all these Allied Forces and needed by all these Allied Forces and needed by all these Allied Forces and it's rice of course that would have been it's rice of course that would have been it's rice of course that would have been in batan had War plan Orange 3 the new in batan had War plan Orange 3 the new in batan had War plan Orange 3 the new plan been in effect the whole time so plan been in effect the whole time so plan been in effect the whole time so MacArthur critics have a field day with MacArthur critics have a field day with MacArthur critics have a field day with that one at the same time when the that one at the same time when the that one at the same time when the initial plan fails you have to do initial plan fails you have to do initial plan fails you have to do something don't you you don't want to something don't you you don't want to something don't you you don't want to stick with the other stick with the other stick with the other plan so there's going to be this this

plan so there's going to be this this plan so there's going to be this this chaotic move now for all of these people chaotic move now for all of these people chaotic move now for all of these people to get down to batan before The Siege to get down to batan before The Siege to get down to batan before The Siege starts starts starts there essentially it's going to be the there essentially it's going to be the there essentially it's going to be the only place defended so if you want to be only place defended so if you want to be only place defended so if you want to be on the Allied side of things you need to on the Allied side of things you need to on the Allied side of things you need to get down to batan and Philippine Army get down to batan and Philippine Army get down to batan and Philippine Army units and US Army units uh with a ton of units and US Army units uh with a ton of units and US Army units uh with a ton of civilians added are going to make their civilians added are going to make their civilians added are going to make their way down to batan as quickly as they can way down to batan as quickly as they can way down to batan as quickly as they can to be safe the only problem for all of to be safe the only problem for all of to be safe the only problem for all of them is the Philippine highway system at them is the Philippine highway system at them is the Philippine highway system at this time cannot handle that kind of this time cannot handle that kind of this time cannot handle that kind of traffic and you have massive traffic traffic and you have massive traffic traffic and you have massive traffic jams the reason those are extra jams the reason those are extra jams the reason those are extra heartbreaking is because General Wright heartbreaking is because General Wright heartbreaking is because General Wright and his troops are literally dying for and his troops are literally dying for and his troops are literally dying for time to keep the doors to batan open a time to keep the doors to batan open a time to keep the doors to batan open a little bit longer so that these people little bit longer so that these people little bit longer so that these people and the supplies that they can salvage and the supplies that they can salvage and the supplies that they can salvage and get down to batan can make it down and get down to batan can make it down and get down to batan can make it down there and they're stuck in a traffic there and they're stuck in a traffic there and they're stuck in a traffic jam that's extra awful in my jam that's extra awful in my jam that's extra awful in my opinion and Wayne Wright by the way opinion and Wayne Wright by the way opinion and Wayne Wright by the way conducting uh a heroic Lea frog rear conducting uh a heroic Lea frog rear conducting uh a heroic Lea frog rear guard action where he will destroy more guard action where he will destroy more guard action where he will destroy more than 180 Bridges sometimes in than 180 Bridges sometimes in than 180 Bridges sometimes in heartbreaking situations where he's got heartbreaking situations where he's got heartbreaking situations where he's got to make decisions about trapping to make decisions about trapping to make decisions about trapping friendlies on the wrong side because the friendlies on the wrong side because the friendlies on the wrong side because the Japanese have just shown up he will Japanese have just shown up he will Japanese have just shown up he will fight his way with his troops down to fight his way with his troops down to fight his way with his troops down to batan on the 26th by the way December batan on the 26th by the way December batan on the 26th by the way December 26th remember the invasion's only on the 26th remember the invasion's only on the 26th remember the invasion's only on the 22nd the big Invasion uh Manila will be 22nd the big Invasion uh Manila will be 22nd the big Invasion uh Manila will be declared an open City so essentially declared an open City so essentially declared an open City so essentially MacArthur and the Allies are conceding

MacArthur and the Allies are conceding MacArthur and the Allies are conceding Manila to the Japanese which is partly Manila to the Japanese which is partly Manila to the Japanese which is partly for you know humanitarian reasons for you know humanitarian reasons for you know humanitarian reasons cultural reasons you don't you want to cultural reasons you don't you want to cultural reasons you don't you want to hope that the city doesn't get leveled hope that the city doesn't get leveled hope that the city doesn't get leveled it's a beautiful great city right it's it's a beautiful great city right it's it's a beautiful great city right it's like Paris you always want to hope that like Paris you always want to hope that like Paris you always want to hope that it doesn't get caught up in vicious it doesn't get caught up in vicious it doesn't get caught up in vicious street fighting that destroys the street fighting that destroys the street fighting that destroys the cultural heritage you know of that great cultural heritage you know of that great cultural heritage you know of that great City at the same time the Japanese sort City at the same time the Japanese sort City at the same time the Japanese sort of misread this MacArthur catches a of misread this MacArthur catches a of misread this MacArthur catches a break here the Japanese sort of think break here the Japanese sort of think break here the Japanese sort of think this means they won kind of they they this means they won kind of they they this means they won kind of they they sort of slow down before they scored the sort of slow down before they scored the sort of slow down before they scored the touchdown before they reached the end touchdown before they reached the end touchdown before they reached the end zone and it gives MacArthur and uh and zone and it gives MacArthur and uh and zone and it gives MacArthur and uh and the Allied troops a little extra chance the Allied troops a little extra chance the Allied troops a little extra chance to get away down to to get away down to to get away down to batan when I was a kid learning history batan when I was a kid learning history batan when I was a kid learning history growing up and it shows you how much growing up and it shows you how much growing up and it shows you how much your National lens can influence how you your National lens can influence how you your National lens can influence how you see things I was always kind of taught see things I was always kind of taught see things I was always kind of taught that this was a kind of a mini Victory that this was a kind of a mini Victory that this was a kind of a mini Victory this part here for the United States and this part here for the United States and this part here for the United States and the Philippines right we got away Hama the Philippines right we got away Hama the Philippines right we got away Hama didn't get us it's like a mini Dunkirk didn't get us it's like a mini Dunkirk didn't get us it's like a mini Dunkirk right the Japanese failed to destroy us right the Japanese failed to destroy us right the Japanese failed to destroy us we get across blow the last Bridges to we get across blow the last Bridges to we get across blow the last Bridges to batan and 15,000 Americans 65,000 batan and 15,000 Americans 65,000 batan and 15,000 Americans 65,000 Filipino troops 20 to 25,000 refugees Filipino troops 20 to 25,000 refugees Filipino troops 20 to 25,000 refugees are sitting there in batan flipping off are sitting there in batan flipping off are sitting there in batan flipping off the Japanese haha you missed the Japanese haha you missed the Japanese haha you missed us as I get older I kind of see it more us as I get older I kind of see it more us as I get older I kind of see it more from the Japanese Viewpoint I mean who's from the Japanese Viewpoint I mean who's from the Japanese Viewpoint I mean who's captured who captured who captured who here there's hardly enough food to last here there's hardly enough food to last here there's hardly enough food to last like 20 days for this amount of people like 20 days for this amount of people like 20 days for this amount of people in batan the medical supplies are are in batan the medical supplies are are in batan the medical supplies are are dwindling the ammunition I mean what are dwindling the ammunition I mean what are dwindling the ammunition I mean what are they going to do they're Holding On by they going to do they're Holding On by they going to do they're Holding On by The Skin of Their Teeth and Hama is

The Skin of Their Teeth and Hama is The Skin of Their Teeth and Hama is actually advised by some of his actually advised by some of his actually advised by some of his underlings General Hama that you should underlings General Hama that you should underlings General Hama that you should just leave him there just put up a just leave him there just put up a just leave him there just put up a screen so they can't get away and let screen so they can't get away and let screen so they can't get away and let starvation and the jungle just do their starvation and the jungle just do their starvation and the jungle just do their work right they'll dwindle they'll work right they'll dwindle they'll work right they'll dwindle they'll they'll shrivel on the they'll shrivel on the they'll shrivel on the vine but for reasons that are still not vine but for reasons that are still not vine but for reasons that are still not figured out conclusively because figured out conclusively because figured out conclusively because different people can still argue about different people can still argue about different people can still argue about them Hama decides that they have to be them Hama decides that they have to be them Hama decides that they have to be attacked and destroyed um Francis Pike attacked and destroyed um Francis Pike attacked and destroyed um Francis Pike thinks he's one of those people that thinks he's one of those people that thinks he's one of those people that thinks the emperor had something to do thinks the emperor had something to do thinks the emperor had something to do with it John tolem back in the 1980s with it John tolem back in the 1980s with it John tolem back in the 1980s thought that Pride required it all the thought that Pride required it all the thought that Pride required it all the other generals are kicking everybody other generals are kicking everybody other generals are kicking everybody else's rear end all over this first else's rear end all over this first else's rear end all over this first phase of the Japanese Blitz Creek phase of the Japanese Blitz Creek phase of the Japanese Blitz Creek everywhere else he's not going to be the everywhere else he's not going to be the everywhere else he's not going to be the lone guy in front of the Emperor who lone guy in front of the Emperor who lone guy in front of the Emperor who can't get the job can't get the job can't get the job done and right before he's about to get done and right before he's about to get done and right before he's about to get the job done he gets his best unit taken the job done he gets his best unit taken the job done he gets his best unit taken away from him and this is sort of a key away from him and this is sort of a key away from him and this is sort of a key moment in the whole affair because some moment in the whole affair because some moment in the whole affair because some historians uh attribute everything going historians uh attribute everything going historians uh attribute everything going the way that they go to the fact that the way that they go to the fact that the way that they go to the fact that Hama doesn't have the cocky unit of Hama doesn't have the cocky unit of Hama doesn't have the cocky unit of veterans that had spearheaded this whole veterans that had spearheaded this whole veterans that had spearheaded this whole into the Philippines up to now they get into the Philippines up to now they get into the Philippines up to now they get taken from him for all the right reasons taken from him for all the right reasons taken from him for all the right reasons right because the Japanese High right because the Japanese High right because the Japanese High command's looking at this whole first command's looking at this whole first command's looking at this whole first phase of the Japanese Blitz Creek and phase of the Japanese Blitz Creek and phase of the Japanese Blitz Creek and thinking wow this went better than thinking wow this went better than thinking wow this went better than expected if Victory can go to your head expected if Victory can go to your head expected if Victory can go to your head and you already were susceptible to it and you already were susceptible to it and you already were susceptible to it so far things are going so great you're so far things are going so great you're so far things are going so great you're already thinking let's move up the already thinking let's move up the already thinking let's move up the timetable on phase two which is just timetable on phase two which is just timetable on phase two which is just what they do so they're going to take what they do so they're going to take what they do so they're going to take this unit away from Hama more quickly this unit away from Hama more quickly this unit away from Hama more quickly than they'd expected but he shouldn't than they'd expected but he shouldn't than they'd expected but he shouldn't miss it right I mean the Japanese walk

miss it right I mean the Japanese walk miss it right I mean the Japanese walk into the Open City of Manila which was into the Open City of Manila which was into the Open City of Manila which was bombed anyway uh on January 2nd I think bombed anyway uh on January 2nd I think bombed anyway uh on January 2nd I think it is and pull down the US flag and it is and pull down the US flag and it is and pull down the US flag and stomp on it in the poor Philippino stomp on it in the poor Philippino stomp on it in the poor Philippino people get to find out what life is people get to find out what life is people get to find out what life is going to be like under the East Asia co- going to be like under the East Asia co- going to be like under the East Asia co- Prosperity sphere here are the Prosperity sphere here are the Prosperity sphere here are the rules but to the Japanese High command rules but to the Japanese High command rules but to the Japanese High command that unit looks like you know you can that unit looks like you know you can that unit looks like you know you can afford to part with it now we'll replace afford to part with it now we'll replace afford to part with it now we'll replace it with a bunch of guys who've been it with a bunch of guys who've been it with a bunch of guys who've been doing Garrison Duty on Formosa one of doing Garrison Duty on Formosa one of doing Garrison Duty on Formosa one of the officers quoted in one of my books the officers quoted in one of my books the officers quoted in one of my books said that they were in no way shape said that they were in no way shape said that they were in no way shape perform ready for combat bunch of older perform ready for combat bunch of older perform ready for combat bunch of older guys I can relate to them they seem like guys I can relate to them they seem like guys I can relate to them they seem like the kind of guys who would be much the kind of guys who would be much the kind of guys who would be much happier uh directing traffic at a not happier uh directing traffic at a not happier uh directing traffic at a not too busy intersection in an exotic too busy intersection in an exotic too busy intersection in an exotic recently captured Japanese City like recently captured Japanese City like recently captured Japanese City like Manila and maybe sampling the NTI from Manila and maybe sampling the NTI from Manila and maybe sampling the NTI from time to time uh instead they're going to time to time uh instead they're going to time to time uh instead they're going to face the bitterest combat the bitterest face the bitterest combat the bitterest face the bitterest combat the bitterest sustained combat that the Japanese have sustained combat that the Japanese have sustained combat that the Japanese have gotten since Pearl Harbor and they are gotten since Pearl Harbor and they are gotten since Pearl Harbor and they are not EXP in this and this poor unit that not EXP in this and this poor unit that not EXP in this and this poor unit that certainly wasn't ready for it is going certainly wasn't ready for it is going certainly wasn't ready for it is going to take it on the chin and that's going to take it on the chin and that's going to take it on the chin and that's going to happen when the Battle of batan opens to happen when the Battle of batan opens to happen when the Battle of batan opens up let me set that up a little for you up let me set that up a little for you up let me set that up a little for you though because after all these rear though because after all these rear though because after all these rear guard actions and all these preliminary guard actions and all these preliminary guard actions and all these preliminary lines that General Wayne Wright had set lines that General Wayne Wright had set lines that General Wayne Wright had set and that had gotten turned or and that had gotten turned or and that had gotten turned or infiltrated or whatever uh finally the infiltrated or whatever uh finally the infiltrated or whatever uh finally the Allied Forces are at batan waiting in Allied Forces are at batan waiting in Allied Forces are at batan waiting in two battle lines for the enemy the first two battle lines for the enemy the first two battle lines for the enemy the first battle line is across the neck of the battle line is across the neck of the battle line is across the neck of the peninsula there's another one across the

peninsula there's another one across the peninsula there's another one across the neck of the peninsula several miles neck of the peninsula several miles neck of the peninsula several miles behind it so if the first one breaks you behind it so if the first one breaks you behind it so if the first one breaks you have another one to retreat have another one to retreat have another one to retreat to the first line is the one we referred to the first line is the one we referred to the first line is the one we referred to earlier the one that has the 4200 ft to earlier the one that has the 4200 ft to earlier the one that has the 4200 ft extinct volcano in the center of it and extinct volcano in the center of it and extinct volcano in the center of it and it's more than that it's the Crags and it's more than that it's the Crags and it's more than that it's the Crags and the rocks and the cliffs and and The the rocks and the cliffs and and The the rocks and the cliffs and and The Ravines and the heavy heavy undergrowth Ravines and the heavy heavy undergrowth Ravines and the heavy heavy undergrowth of jungle at the foot of this uh of jungle at the foot of this uh of jungle at the foot of this uh Mountain really that makes it seem to Mountain really that makes it seem to Mountain really that makes it seem to General way Wright who I think it is General way Wright who I think it is General way Wright who I think it is who's laying out the Tre dispositions who's laying out the Tre dispositions who's laying out the Tre dispositions here that it's just impassible that you here that it's just impassible that you here that it's just impassible that you don't have to worry about troops going don't have to worry about troops going don't have to worry about troops going through there because troops can't get through there because troops can't get through there because troops can't get through there so instead of laying out through there so instead of laying out through there so instead of laying out his troops in an unbroken line across his troops in an unbroken line across his troops in an unbroken line across the whole neck of the peninsula you know the whole neck of the peninsula you know the whole neck of the peninsula you know where they can have one flank guarded by where they can have one flank guarded by where they can have one flank guarded by the Sea on one side and the other flank the Sea on one side and the other flank the Sea on one side and the other flank guarded by the Sea on the other side uh guarded by the Sea on the other side uh guarded by the Sea on the other side uh he decides that he could get away with he decides that he could get away with he decides that he could get away with just a few patrols around the mountain just a few patrols around the mountain just a few patrols around the mountain area and instead of having The Unbroken area and instead of having The Unbroken area and instead of having The Unbroken line he'll have two groups of troops one line he'll have two groups of troops one line he'll have two groups of troops one on the east side of this mountain SL on the east side of this mountain SL on the east side of this mountain SL volcano one on the West Side of the volcano one on the West Side of the volcano one on the West Side of the Mountain volcano each of them about 20 Mountain volcano each of them about 20 Mountain volcano each of them about 20 to 25,000 men thrown together in sort of to 25,000 men thrown together in sort of to 25,000 men thrown together in sort of an ad hoc formation that happens once an ad hoc formation that happens once an ad hoc formation that happens once you've had a defeat and everybody's you've had a defeat and everybody's you've had a defeat and everybody's trying to reorganize and get their act trying to reorganize and get their act trying to reorganize and get their act together to resist the next you know together to resist the next you know together to resist the next you know punch before the Japanese arrived there punch before the Japanese arrived there punch before the Japanese arrived there were consultations I think even were consultations I think even were consultations I think even MacArthur weighed in where they asked MacArthur weighed in where they asked MacArthur weighed in where they asked Wayne Wright are you sure you don't want Wayne Wright are you sure you don't want Wayne Wright are you sure you don't want to put troops up in front of the the to put troops up in front of the the to put troops up in front of the the Mountain there just in case and Wayne

Mountain there just in case and Wayne Mountain there just in case and Wayne Wright said I've toured the thing uh no Wright said I've toured the thing uh no Wright said I've toured the thing uh no one can get through there this is sort one can get through there this is sort one can get through there this is sort of the Fatal mistake uh for those who of the Fatal mistake uh for those who of the Fatal mistake uh for those who are effici inad of this battle but that are effici inad of this battle but that are effici inad of this battle but that doesn't preclude the heavy fighting doesn't preclude the heavy fighting doesn't preclude the heavy fighting that's going to happen because this will that's going to happen because this will that's going to happen because this will be really the first time since Pearl be really the first time since Pearl be really the first time since Pearl Harbor that any Allied Forces have Harbor that any Allied Forces have Harbor that any Allied Forces have really had a chance to stop breathe for really had a chance to stop breathe for really had a chance to stop breathe for even 1 second which is only one second even 1 second which is only one second even 1 second which is only one second and dig in for a minute and on a wide and dig in for a minute and on a wide and dig in for a minute and on a wide front be ready for this I mean it's far front be ready for this I mean it's far front be ready for this I mean it's far from optimal the air is still in from optimal the air is still in from optimal the air is still in Japanese hands I mean still a million Japanese hands I mean still a million Japanese hands I mean still a million disadvantages but about half as many as disadvantages but about half as many as disadvantages but about half as many as normal so far in this campaign I mean normal so far in this campaign I mean normal so far in this campaign I mean ask the British forces in Malaya right ask the British forces in Malaya right ask the British forces in Malaya right uh and in this case on January 9th that uh and in this case on January 9th that uh and in this case on January 9th that poor force of uh Garrison troops from poor force of uh Garrison troops from poor force of uh Garrison troops from Formosa uh starts approaching almost Formosa uh starts approaching almost Formosa uh starts approaching almost lined up like bowling pins and as they lined up like bowling pins and as they lined up like bowling pins and as they do the American artillery opens up and do the American artillery opens up and do the American artillery opens up and begins to teach the Japanese what it's begins to teach the Japanese what it's begins to teach the Japanese what it's going to be like when you have americ going to be like when you have americ going to be like when you have americ and big guns they just handle them well and big guns they just handle them well and big guns they just handle them well and have for a very long time people are and have for a very long time people are and have for a very long time people are sometimes surprised by American sometimes surprised by American sometimes surprised by American artillery and I go why would you be artillery and I go why would you be artillery and I go why would you be surprised about Americans you know surprised about Americans you know surprised about Americans you know handling big guns with some sort of handling big guns with some sort of handling big guns with some sort of Elegance the British though do it very Elegance the British though do it very Elegance the British though do it very well in this war as do the Germans it's well in this war as do the Germans it's well in this war as do the Germans it's so scientific at this point that the so scientific at this point that the so scientific at this point that the farther ahead your science is generally farther ahead your science is generally farther ahead your science is generally the better your artillery is and the better your artillery is and the better your artillery is and American artillery will give great American artillery will give great American artillery will give great service in every front the United States service in every front the United States service in every front the United States fights on in the Pacific it will take a

fights on in the Pacific it will take a fights on in the Pacific it will take a horrific toll on the Japanese and this horrific toll on the Japanese and this horrific toll on the Japanese and this poor unit of Garrison troops who were poor unit of Garrison troops who were poor unit of Garrison troops who were just hoping for a nice cushy stationing just hoping for a nice cushy stationing just hoping for a nice cushy stationing in Manila get torn to Ribbons by in Manila get torn to Ribbons by in Manila get torn to Ribbons by American artillery and they will throw American artillery and they will throw American artillery and they will throw themselves against this um prepared line themselves against this um prepared line themselves against this um prepared line and you will have what historian Eric and you will have what historian Eric and you will have what historian Eric burgerd calls the most vicious light burgerd calls the most vicious light burgerd calls the most vicious light infantry War ever carried out between infantry War ever carried out between infantry War ever carried out between industrialized nations and by that he industrialized nations and by that he industrialized nations and by that he means this is not like the wars in means this is not like the wars in means this is not like the wars in Europe where the field Marshals and Europe where the field Marshals and Europe where the field Marshals and Generals will command thousands of Generals will command thousands of Generals will command thousands of vehicles and people across huge wide vehicles and people across huge wide vehicles and people across huge wide swaths of territory where their job is swaths of territory where their job is swaths of territory where their job is to focus the amazing killing power uh of to focus the amazing killing power uh of to focus the amazing killing power uh of modern States in in in specific uh uh modern States in in in specific uh uh modern States in in in specific uh uh break points I mean it's it's it's a break points I mean it's it's it's a break points I mean it's it's it's a great science that you carry out on great science that you carry out on great science that you carry out on battlefields that look more like golf battlefields that look more like golf battlefields that look more like golf courses because these battlefields look courses because these battlefields look courses because these battlefields look anything but like that in most of this anything but like that in most of this anything but like that in most of this theater and the terrain inhibits theater and the terrain inhibits theater and the terrain inhibits everything this is a war that is not everything this is a war that is not everything this is a war that is not mainly by field Marshals and Generals mainly by field Marshals and Generals mainly by field Marshals and Generals but as burgered points out by captains but as burgered points out by captains but as burgered points out by captains lieutenants and sergeants with bayonets lieutenants and sergeants with bayonets lieutenants and sergeants with bayonets and submachine guns where you don't see and submachine guns where you don't see and submachine guns where you don't see the enemy sometimes until they're right the enemy sometimes until they're right the enemy sometimes until they're right on top of you and you will see it in the on top of you and you will see it in the on top of you and you will see it in the Battle of batan over and over again Battle of batan over and over again Battle of batan over and over again because the Japanese infiltrators are because the Japanese infiltrators are because the Japanese infiltrators are nightmarish they are so bad that they nightmarish they are so bad that they nightmarish they are so bad that they will actually surprise General Wayne will actually surprise General Wayne will actually surprise General Wayne Wright who as we've said amongst all the Wright who as we've said amongst all the Wright who as we've said amongst all the American generals is the guy with the American generals is the guy with the American generals is the guy with the most experience so far fighting the most experience so far fighting the most experience so far fighting the Japanese and he's the one that said Japanese and he's the one that said Japanese and he's the one that said don't worry about the middle there no don't worry about the middle there no don't worry about the middle there no one can get through

one can get through one can get through there now as we said earlier this is the there now as we said earlier this is the there now as we said earlier this is the point where it doesn't do a whole lot of point where it doesn't do a whole lot of point where it doesn't do a whole lot of good to talk about thrusts and pares and good to talk about thrusts and pares and good to talk about thrusts and pares and and defenses and counterattacks because and defenses and counterattacks because and defenses and counterattacks because it just becomes confusing this is it just becomes confusing this is it just becomes confusing this is smallscale jungle warfare and if you smallscale jungle warfare and if you smallscale jungle warfare and if you take a snapshot of any sector at any take a snapshot of any sector at any take a snapshot of any sector at any given time you could have one side on given time you could have one side on given time you could have one side on the attack one side on the Counterattack the attack one side on the Counterattack the attack one side on the Counterattack another side on the defensive one thing another side on the defensive one thing another side on the defensive one thing you start to see though is that the you start to see though is that the you start to see though is that the Japanese get lessons in what it's like Japanese get lessons in what it's like Japanese get lessons in what it's like fighting Americans but Americans and fighting Americans but Americans and fighting Americans but Americans and Filipinos begin to get the real hard Filipinos begin to get the real hard Filipinos begin to get the real hard lessons of what it's like fighting the lessons of what it's like fighting the lessons of what it's like fighting the Japanese and it is a unique experience Japanese and it is a unique experience Japanese and it is a unique experience that soldiers on other fronts do not that soldiers on other fronts do not that soldiers on other fronts do not get with the Japanese it's like we said get with the Japanese it's like we said get with the Japanese it's like we said earlier it's the old Shakespeare line earlier it's the old Shakespeare line earlier it's the old Shakespeare line just turned in their favor I mean just turned in their favor I mean just turned in their favor I mean they're like everyone else only more so they're like everyone else only more so they're like everyone else only more so everything else the Japanese do here everything else the Japanese do here everything else the Japanese do here that we're going to talk about you can that we're going to talk about you can that we're going to talk about you can find examples of them doing elsewhere find examples of them doing elsewhere find examples of them doing elsewhere and other people doing on other fronts and other people doing on other fronts and other people doing on other fronts and in other theaters there are isolated and in other theaters there are isolated and in other theaters there are isolated examples the Japanese will just do this examples the Japanese will just do this examples the Japanese will just do this stuff sometimes as a matter of course stuff sometimes as a matter of course stuff sometimes as a matter of course for example for example for example I remember a story specifically where on I remember a story specifically where on I remember a story specifically where on the Eastern Front the Russians charge the Eastern Front the Russians charge the Eastern Front the Russians charge across a wide front with bayonets you across a wide front with bayonets you across a wide front with bayonets you know all yelling a deepthroated yell at know all yelling a deepthroated yell at know all yelling a deepthroated yell at the same time I think it was like across the same time I think it was like across the same time I think it was like across the snow uh and it's amazing right you the snow uh and it's amazing right you the snow uh and it's amazing right you think who does that well in the Eastern think who does that well in the Eastern think who does that well in the Eastern front it was rare on the Western Front front it was rare on the Western Front front it was rare on the Western Front it almost never happened in the Pacific it almost never happened in the Pacific it almost never happened in the Pacific it happened all the time there was a it happened all the time there was a it happened all the time there was a name for them the American soldiers name for them the American soldiers name for them the American soldiers called them Bonsai called them Bonsai called them Bonsai charges and for the first time in the charges and for the first time in the charges and for the first time in the war the Americans get to see what those war the Americans get to see what those war the Americans get to see what those those are like and they are somewhat those are like and they are somewhat those are like and they are somewhat unnerving even for the side that is just

unnerving even for the side that is just unnerving even for the side that is just mowing these people down by the way mowing these people down by the way mowing these people down by the way there are photos that do exist they are there are photos that do exist they are there are photos that do exist they are not pretty of the aftermath of some of not pretty of the aftermath of some of not pretty of the aftermath of some of these bonss side charges it is what Eric these bonss side charges it is what Eric these bonss side charges it is what Eric burgered said that we quoted earlier burgered said that we quoted earlier burgered said that we quoted earlier where it is almost like a form of where it is almost like a form of where it is almost like a form of political murder carried out on the political murder carried out on the political murder carried out on the Japanese troops by their officers Japanese troops by their officers Japanese troops by their officers because you could understand suicidal because you could understand suicidal because you could understand suicidal charges which is what the Bonsai charges charges which is what the Bonsai charges charges which is what the Bonsai charges are suicidal charges into the teeth of are suicidal charges into the teeth of are suicidal charges into the teeth of Modern Combat you could understand if Modern Combat you could understand if Modern Combat you could understand if they achiev something practical or of they achiev something practical or of they achiev something practical or of value but they almost never did one of value but they almost never did one of value but they almost never did one of the first people to witness at least in the first people to witness at least in the first people to witness at least in an American Uniform one of these Bonsai an American Uniform one of these Bonsai an American Uniform one of these Bonsai charges is quoted in Bill Sloan's book charges is quoted in Bill Sloan's book charges is quoted in Bill Sloan's book undefeated he was a battalion Commander undefeated he was a battalion Commander undefeated he was a battalion Commander named Lieutenant Colonel Philip fry and named Lieutenant Colonel Philip fry and named Lieutenant Colonel Philip fry and he saw one of these attacks on January he saw one of these attacks on January he saw one of these attacks on January 10th which is the same day that 10th which is the same day that 10th which is the same day that MacArthur was touring the Battleground MacArthur was touring the Battleground MacArthur was touring the Battleground that we mentioned earlier you know that we mentioned earlier you know that we mentioned earlier you know standing up when the planes were standing up when the planes were standing up when the planes were dropping bombs near by and uh Sloan dropping bombs near by and uh Sloan dropping bombs near by and uh Sloan quotes fry is describing this first quotes fry is describing this first quotes fry is describing this first Bonsai charge he witnessed quote it was Bonsai charge he witnessed quote it was Bonsai charge he witnessed quote it was Slaughter all of our guns had been Slaughter all of our guns had been Slaughter all of our guns had been carefully cited for Mutual support and carefully cited for Mutual support and carefully cited for Mutual support and the Japs were caught by terrific fire the Japs were caught by terrific fire the Japs were caught by terrific fire both frontal and flanking even now I both frontal and flanking even now I both frontal and flanking even now I can't understand why the Japs launched can't understand why the Japs launched can't understand why the Japs launched an attack of this kind against modern an attack of this kind against modern an attack of this kind against modern weapons my only explanation is that they weapons my only explanation is that they weapons my only explanation is that they hadn't faced trained troops before and hadn't faced trained troops before and hadn't faced trained troops before and thought if enough noise were made the thought if enough noise were made the thought if enough noise were made the opposition would simply fade away the opposition would simply fade away the opposition would simply fade away the attack was smashed before it got attack was smashed before it got attack was smashed before it got underway end quote Sloan then adds quote

underway end quote Sloan then adds quote underway end quote Sloan then adds quote in future Pacific battles on other in future Pacific battles on other in future Pacific battles on other Islands many US field commanders would Islands many US field commanders would Islands many US field commanders would be as puzzled as fry by such suicidal be as puzzled as fry by such suicidal be as puzzled as fry by such suicidal tactics end tactics end tactics end quote Sloan goes on to point out what we quote Sloan goes on to point out what we quote Sloan goes on to point out what we had talked about earlier that it is it had talked about earlier that it is it had talked about earlier that it is it is a weird combination of something that is a weird combination of something that is a weird combination of something that is uh very old and very Japanese that is is uh very old and very Japanese that is is uh very old and very Japanese that is then been morphed and corrupted and then been morphed and corrupted and then been morphed and corrupted and reimagined and propagandized by a modern reimagined and propagandized by a modern reimagined and propagandized by a modern 20th century regime to create this hbrd 20th century regime to create this hbrd 20th century regime to create this hbrd sort of thing where these Japanese sort of thing where these Japanese sort of thing where these Japanese soldiers think that they have to go die soldiers think that they have to go die soldiers think that they have to go die when they're commanded to do this and when they're commanded to do this and when they're commanded to do this and these Japanese officers somehow think these Japanese officers somehow think these Japanese officers somehow think there's value in having them do there's value in having them do there's value in having them do it by the way that same Source later in it by the way that same Source later in it by the way that same Source later in the work talks about the Firepower of a the work talks about the Firepower of a the work talks about the Firepower of a US Battalion and he is simply talking US Battalion and he is simply talking US Battalion and he is simply talking about the rifle fire alone of hundreds about the rifle fire alone of hundreds about the rifle fire alone of hundreds of men and he says it was beyond the of men and he says it was beyond the of men and he says it was beyond the powers of his description so now imagine powers of his description so now imagine powers of his description so now imagine the Battalion with all its machine guns the Battalion with all its machine guns the Battalion with all its machine guns and and and mortars 20 MIM or two 37 millimet or two mortars 20 MIM or two 37 millimet or two mortars 20 MIM or two 37 millimet or two and now think about those Bonsai and now think about those Bonsai and now think about those Bonsai attacks well you've got men in close attacks well you've got men in close attacks well you've got men in close order yelling and charging in the open order yelling and charging in the open order yelling and charging in the open with fixed bayonets again I mean it's with fixed bayonets again I mean it's with fixed bayonets again I mean it's unnerving for the people who have to unnerving for the people who have to unnerving for the people who have to kill kill kill them and as Eric bergeret had said this them and as Eric bergeret had said this them and as Eric bergeret had said this is not something you could could have is not something you could could have is not something you could could have Western forces reliably do regularly Western forces reliably do regularly Western forces reliably do regularly reliably regularly regularly reliably reliably regularly regularly reliably reliably regularly regularly reliably you might get them to do it

you might get them to do it you might get them to do it once so these Bonsai charges though are once so these Bonsai charges though are once so these Bonsai charges though are part of what is convincing all the part of what is convincing all the part of what is convincing all the Allied troops that they are up against a Allied troops that they are up against a Allied troops that they are up against a crazy Fanatics here I mean that I crazy Fanatics here I mean that I crazy Fanatics here I mean that I remember my stepd they're just crazy and remember my stepd they're just crazy and remember my stepd they're just crazy and and that changes the way you see them and that changes the way you see them and that changes the way you see them and it's very easy to depersonalize and it's very easy to depersonalize and it's very easy to depersonalize somebody when you just write that up somebody when you just write that up somebody when you just write that up right in other words this is not a right in other words this is not a right in other words this is not a thinking feeling normal human being that thinking feeling normal human being that thinking feeling normal human being that I can associate with or relate to this I can associate with or relate to this I can associate with or relate to this is a a a crazy is a a a crazy is a a a crazy person but in a way I mean if this were person but in a way I mean if this were person but in a way I mean if this were a war game and we weren't talking about a war game and we weren't talking about a war game and we weren't talking about human beings and you were talking about human beings and you were talking about human beings and you were talking about cool things you get if you're the cool things you get if you're the cool things you get if you're the Japanese player I mean the Japanese had Japanese player I mean the Japanese had Japanese player I mean the Japanese had this psychological thing going for them this psychological thing going for them this psychological thing going for them I mean I wouldn't want to lose a lot of I mean I wouldn't want to lose a lot of I mean I wouldn't want to lose a lot of people in fruitless charges in order to people in fruitless charges in order to people in fruitless charges in order to create that sort of Mystique but it was create that sort of Mystique but it was create that sort of Mystique but it was a Mystique and they they maximized it in a Mystique and they they maximized it in a Mystique and they they maximized it in a bunch of different ways the Japanese a bunch of different ways the Japanese a bunch of different ways the Japanese would I mean they were really would I mean they were really would I mean they were really disadvantaged when you when you started disadvantaged when you when you started disadvantaged when you when you started talking about heavy industry and heavy talking about heavy industry and heavy talking about heavy industry and heavy Tech right the Americans had so much Tech right the Americans had so much Tech right the Americans had so much more Firepower at the unit level but the more Firepower at the unit level but the more Firepower at the unit level but the Japanese excelled in all the little Japanese excelled in all the little Japanese excelled in all the little ninja type things if you'll Pardon The ninja type things if you'll Pardon The ninja type things if you'll Pardon The Stereotype I mean for example they Stereotype I mean for example they Stereotype I mean for example they scared the crap out of the people on the scared the crap out of the people on the scared the crap out of the people on the other side and this is part of the vibe other side and this is part of the vibe other side and this is part of the vibe we talked about earlier what the worst we talked about earlier what the worst we talked about earlier what the worst Battlefront would be to fight on in the Battlefront would be to fight on in the Battlefront would be to fight on in the second world war and I mentioned it's an second world war and I mentioned it's an second world war and I mentioned it's an eye of the beholder thing right it eye of the beholder thing right it eye of the beholder thing right it depends on your own quirks or depends on your own quirks or depends on your own quirks or peculiarities which one would bother you peculiarities which one would bother you peculiarities which one would bother you the most the most the most I have to say that the vibe that you get I have to say that the vibe that you get I have to say that the vibe that you get when you read about the uh US troops when you read about the uh US troops when you read about the uh US troops especially in the fox holes in the especially in the fox holes in the especially in the fox holes in the Pacific and and batan is the first place

Pacific and and batan is the first place Pacific and and batan is the first place where you really get this um the vibe where you really get this um the vibe where you really get this um the vibe that you get there is very similar to that you get there is very similar to that you get there is very similar to that same Vibe you get when you're that same Vibe you get when you're that same Vibe you get when you're watching one of those slasher films like watching one of those slasher films like watching one of those slasher films like a Nightmare on Elm Streets A Perfect a Nightmare on Elm Streets A Perfect a Nightmare on Elm Streets A Perfect Analogy because it's one of those things Analogy because it's one of those things Analogy because it's one of those things like we had said earlier that the worst like we had said earlier that the worst like we had said earlier that the worst Battlefield is the one uh where your Battlefield is the one uh where your Battlefield is the one uh where your proclivities and quirks are the most proclivities and quirks are the most proclivities and quirks are the most upset and affected I couldn't handle the upset and affected I couldn't handle the upset and affected I couldn't handle the horror movie vibe that being in the horror movie vibe that being in the horror movie vibe that being in the Pacific in one of these fox holes um Pacific in one of these fox holes um Pacific in one of these fox holes um meant that that little note that plays meant that that little note that plays meant that that little note that plays in the horror movie I don't know what in the horror movie I don't know what in the horror movie I don't know what instrument it is but they'll hold that instrument it is but they'll hold that instrument it is but they'll hold that note for a long time right when you're note for a long time right when you're note for a long time right when you're about to look behind the corner and see about to look behind the corner and see about to look behind the corner and see something awful that's the note that's something awful that's the note that's something awful that's the note that's playing for all of these poor soldiers playing for all of these poor soldiers playing for all of these poor soldiers in these fox holes at night and it is in these fox holes at night and it is in these fox holes at night and it is almost like the stereotypical setup for almost like the stereotypical setup for almost like the stereotypical setup for one of these horror movies where you're one of these horror movies where you're one of these horror movies where you're sending a bunch of high school kids to sending a bunch of high school kids to sending a bunch of high school kids to babysit at the old creepy house where babysit at the old creepy house where babysit at the old creepy house where they have a bunch of chainsaws on the they have a bunch of chainsaws on the they have a bunch of chainsaws on the wall I mean it's one of those things wall I mean it's one of those things wall I mean it's one of those things where you go don't go there you're so where you go don't go there you're so where you go don't go there you're so stupid of course there's an Axe Murderer stupid of course there's an Axe Murderer stupid of course there's an Axe Murderer there well in these stories so often there well in these stories so often there well in these stories so often it's like two poor GIS and they're it's like two poor GIS and they're it's like two poor GIS and they're usually like 18 or 19 years old in a fox usually like 18 or 19 years old in a fox usually like 18 or 19 years old in a fox hole in a Pitch Black Island night hole in a Pitch Black Island night hole in a Pitch Black Island night environment and there's other troops all environment and there's other troops all environment and there's other troops all over the place right 20 yards to the over the place right 20 yards to the over the place right 20 yards to the left you there's a foxhole 20 yards to left you there's a foxhole 20 yards to left you there's a foxhole 20 yards to the right of you there's a foxhole but the right of you there's a foxhole but the right of you there's a foxhole but you can just barely hear the people you can just barely hear the people you can just barely hear the people there and you can't see them in the dark there and you can't see them in the dark there and you can't see them in the dark and you're basically isolated and you and you're basically isolated and you and you're basically isolated and you have to take turns sleeping this is a have to take turns sleeping this is a have to take turns sleeping this is a horror movie setup right here and the horror movie setup right here and the horror movie setup right here and the Japanese do the greatest job in the Japanese do the greatest job in the Japanese do the greatest job in the world of psychological torture here world of psychological torture here world of psychological torture here because and again they do this on every because and again they do this on every because and again they do this on every front in in the war every side does this

front in in the war every side does this front in in the war every side does this the Japanese just do it so much the Japanese just do it so much the Japanese just do it so much better first of all they do things that better first of all they do things that better first of all they do things that you have to actually imagine happening you have to actually imagine happening you have to actually imagine happening on other fronts to properly grade so on other fronts to properly grade so on other fronts to properly grade so let's calibrate this thinking for a let's calibrate this thinking for a let's calibrate this thinking for a minute if I told you and it's not minute if I told you and it's not minute if I told you and it's not outrageous you'd believe it if I told outrageous you'd believe it if I told outrageous you'd believe it if I told you on the Western Front maybe in 1944 you on the Western Front maybe in 1944 you on the Western Front maybe in 1944 when the Germans and the Americans are when the Germans and the Americans are when the Germans and the Americans are facing each other in France uh that facing each other in France uh that facing each other in France uh that there was a German unit that was there there was a German unit that was there there was a German unit that was there to terrorize the other side and hurt the to terrorize the other side and hurt the to terrorize the other side and hurt the morale and freak them out and they would morale and freak them out and they would morale and freak them out and they would come out of their foxholes at night come out of their foxholes at night come out of their foxholes at night sneak over no man's land jump into an sneak over no man's land jump into an sneak over no man's land jump into an American Foxhole butcher the gis in American Foxhole butcher the gis in American Foxhole butcher the gis in there put them in obscene positions there put them in obscene positions there put them in obscene positions right on the side of the Foxhole in right on the side of the Foxhole in right on the side of the Foxhole in Blood and then go back to their own Blood and then go back to their own Blood and then go back to their own trenches at night and if I told you they trenches at night and if I told you they trenches at night and if I told you they called themselves the werewolves or the called themselves the werewolves or the called themselves the werewolves or the vampires because that would freak vampires because that would freak vampires because that would freak everybody out that's not too hard to everybody out that's not too hard to everybody out that's not too hard to believe is it you'd probably go to the believe is it you'd probably go to the believe is it you'd probably go to the movie or read the book about it cuz the movie or read the book about it cuz the movie or read the book about it cuz the second world war has all kinds of w second world war has all kinds of w second world war has all kinds of w things like that things like that things like that right but it's crazy right it's right but it's crazy right it's right but it's crazy right it's different I mean it's freaky you imagine different I mean it's freaky you imagine different I mean it's freaky you imagine that people on the ground would probably that people on the ground would probably that people on the ground would probably be talking about it in the sector where be talking about it in the sector where be talking about it in the sector where it happened did you hear what happened it happened did you hear what happened it happened did you hear what happened the werewolf struck again you know but I the werewolf struck again you know but I the werewolf struck again you know but I had to think about it like that to had to think about it like that to had to think about it like that to realize how freaky it is because in the realize how freaky it is because in the realize how freaky it is because in the Pacific that happens all the time the Pacific that happens all the time the Pacific that happens all the time the Japanese do this routinely they jump Japanese do this routinely they jump Japanese do this routinely they jump into the fox holes at night and they into the fox holes at night and they into the fox holes at night and they butcher people they disembowel them they butcher people they disembowel them they butcher people they disembowel them they stuff the genitals into the mouth I mean stuff the genitals into the mouth I mean stuff the genitals into the mouth I mean the stories are all over the place and the stories are all over the place and the stories are all over the place and this happens I mean every this this will this happens I mean every this this will this happens I mean every this this will happen all over the islands in the happen all over the islands in the happen all over the islands in the Pacific and people will wake up it it is Pacific and people will wake up it it is Pacific and people will wake up it it is a Not Unusual occurrence wake up with a Not Unusual occurrence wake up with a Not Unusual occurrence wake up with their buddy being killed by a Japanese their buddy being killed by a Japanese their buddy being killed by a Japanese soldier who's jumped in the trench at

soldier who's jumped in the trench at soldier who's jumped in the trench at night with a night with a night with a knife they maximize this when the knife they maximize this when the knife they maximize this when the Japanese infiltrators get behind you Japanese infiltrators get behind you Japanese infiltrators get behind you sometimes they're carrying many sometimes they're carrying many sometimes they're carrying many loudspeakers and they'll start talking loudspeakers and they'll start talking loudspeakers and they'll start talking to the Americans from behind you they to the Americans from behind you they to the Americans from behind you they carry firecrackers to freak you out they carry firecrackers to freak you out they carry firecrackers to freak you out they use snipers like nobody else uses use snipers like nobody else uses use snipers like nobody else uses snipers and it's another way to make you snipers and it's another way to make you snipers and it's another way to make you feel like you're not safe anywhere even feel like you're not safe anywhere even feel like you're not safe anywhere even behind the behind the behind the lines and I think the reason that they lines and I think the reason that they lines and I think the reason that they use snipers differently is cuz they's so use snipers differently is cuz they's so use snipers differently is cuz they's so much more willing to put their people in much more willing to put their people in much more willing to put their people in suicidal situations and being a sniper suicidal situations and being a sniper suicidal situations and being a sniper is like being an infiltrator I mean it is like being an infiltrator I mean it is like being an infiltrator I mean it is so freaking dangerous most people are is so freaking dangerous most people are is so freaking dangerous most people are careful if you care about people you careful if you care about people you careful if you care about people you know your troops the Japanese are much know your troops the Japanese are much know your troops the Japanese are much more willing to say if this is going to more willing to say if this is going to more willing to say if this is going to pay off I mean you know we have to do it pay off I mean you know we have to do it pay off I mean you know we have to do it and they will often give their snipers and they will often give their snipers and they will often give their snipers different kinds of weapons it's not different kinds of weapons it's not different kinds of weapons it's not always the super rifle scope thing always the super rifle scope thing always the super rifle scope thing they'll give him a submachine gun put they'll give him a submachine gun put they'll give him a submachine gun put them in behind the lines and them in behind the lines and them in behind the lines and unfortunately for all of us we're all unfortunately for all of us we're all unfortunately for all of us we're all too familiar with how disruptive a too familiar with how disruptive a too familiar with how disruptive a gunman in a setting where you're not gunman in a setting where you're not gunman in a setting where you're not expecting them can be for a while till expecting them can be for a while till expecting them can be for a while till you take them out and the US will by the you take them out and the US will by the you take them out and the US will by the way have to come up with anti- sniper way have to come up with anti- sniper way have to come up with anti- sniper patrols who go out there and hunt the patrols who go out there and hunt the patrols who go out there and hunt the snipers but it's all part of making you snipers but it's all part of making you snipers but it's all part of making you unsafe at all times and having a horror unsafe at all times and having a horror unsafe at all times and having a horror movie kind of vibe going on where that movie kind of vibe going on where that movie kind of vibe going on where that one note you know in the horror movie I one note you know in the horror movie I one note you know in the horror movie I have no idea what instrument it is or have no idea what instrument it is or have no idea what instrument it is or what the note is but you know it's like what the note is but you know it's like what the note is but you know it's like a viol L that's just being held at one a viol L that's just being held at one a viol L that's just being held at one note for the longest time as the people note for the longest time as the people note for the longest time as the people are about to look around the dark corner are about to look around the dark corner are about to look around the dark corner where you know something must be I mean where you know something must be I mean where you know something must be I mean that's the note that the whole Pacific that's the note that the whole Pacific that's the note that the whole Pacific War feels like to me on the front lines War feels like to me on the front lines War feels like to me on the front lines I feel like I could relax sometimes on

I feel like I could relax sometimes on I feel like I could relax sometimes on the Western Front between encounters I the Western Front between encounters I the Western Front between encounters I feel like in the Pacific if you're in a feel like in the Pacific if you're in a feel like in the Pacific if you're in a foxhole uh and you fall asleep I mean foxhole uh and you fall asleep I mean foxhole uh and you fall asleep I mean God forbid you fall asleep on guard Duty God forbid you fall asleep on guard Duty God forbid you fall asleep on guard Duty it is like Freddy Krueger will be there it is like Freddy Krueger will be there it is like Freddy Krueger will be there cutting your throat and you won't know cutting your throat and you won't know cutting your throat and you won't know if you're dreaming or not I mean it's if you're dreaming or not I mean it's if you're dreaming or not I mean it's one of those things it's funny when you one of those things it's funny when you one of those things it's funny when you met uh veterans when I was growing up uh met uh veterans when I was growing up uh met uh veterans when I was growing up uh the more combat they saw traditionally the more combat they saw traditionally the more combat they saw traditionally the less they would talk about it but the less they would talk about it but the less they would talk about it but the vibe was different between people the vibe was different between people the vibe was different between people who fought in the Pacific and people who who fought in the Pacific and people who who fought in the Pacific and people who fought elsewhere and the one thing that fought elsewhere and the one thing that fought elsewhere and the one thing that overwhelmingly was different was you overwhelmingly was different was you overwhelmingly was different was you could meet people who fought elsewhere could meet people who fought elsewhere could meet people who fought elsewhere that sometimes didn't like their that sometimes didn't like their that sometimes didn't like their opponents very much or sometimes hated opponents very much or sometimes hated opponents very much or sometimes hated them but but almost to a person I didn't them but but almost to a person I didn't them but but almost to a person I didn't meet anybody who fought the Japanese who meet anybody who fought the Japanese who meet anybody who fought the Japanese who didn't Harbor really still bitter didn't Harbor really still bitter didn't Harbor really still bitter feelings decades and decades later and feelings decades and decades later and feelings decades and decades later and part of that is because at the level you part of that is because at the level you part of that is because at the level you fight this war um there's a lot I mean fight this war um there's a lot I mean fight this war um there's a lot I mean if you're shot by a German machine gun if you're shot by a German machine gun if you're shot by a German machine gun or 200 yard away it's easier to say or 200 yard away it's easier to say or 200 yard away it's easier to say something like hey we were both doing something like hey we were both doing something like hey we were both doing our job we're part of a killing machine our job we're part of a killing machine our job we're part of a killing machine you know we could have drinks at the bar you know we could have drinks at the bar you know we could have drinks at the bar later 20 years from now as the veterans later 20 years from now as the veterans later 20 years from now as the veterans of the second world war sometimes did of the second world war sometimes did of the second world war sometimes did later at later at later at reunions it's different if somebody's reunions it's different if somebody's reunions it's different if somebody's jumping in your trench and uh and jumping in your trench and uh and jumping in your trench and uh and forcing a knife into the throat of your forcing a knife into the throat of your forcing a knife into the throat of your buddy uh while you're trying to hit them buddy uh while you're trying to hit them buddy uh while you're trying to hit them on the back of the head with a shovel I on the back of the head with a shovel I on the back of the head with a shovel I mean it's as the um army psychologist we mean it's as the um army psychologist we mean it's as the um army psychologist we talked about earlier I believe had said talked about earlier I believe had said talked about earlier I believe had said that killing in war is a question of that killing in war is a question of that killing in war is a question of proximity in terms of how much trauma proximity in terms of how much trauma proximity in terms of how much trauma you have if you kill somebody from six you have if you kill somebody from six you have if you kill somebody from six miles away with an artillery piece it's miles away with an artillery piece it's miles away with an artillery piece it's one level of trauma if you shoot them one level of trauma if you shoot them one level of trauma if you shoot them from 100 yards away it's another if you

from 100 yards away it's another if you from 100 yards away it's another if you kill them with your bare hands in a kill them with your bare hands in a kill them with your bare hands in a foxhole it's another and in the Pacific foxhole it's another and in the Pacific foxhole it's another and in the Pacific you got a lot more of that so you got a you got a lot more of that so you got a you got a lot more of that so you got a lot more people decades later who held lot more people decades later who held lot more people decades later who held on to that it's not surprising the on to that it's not surprising the on to that it's not surprising the Japanese scared the hell out of people Japanese scared the hell out of people Japanese scared the hell out of people though and when those people got a though and when those people got a though and when those people got a chance to let the anger that they've chance to let the anger that they've chance to let the anger that they've been keeping inside them and had nothing been keeping inside them and had nothing been keeping inside them and had nothing they could do about those horrible they could do about those horrible they could do about those horrible screams that came from you know multiple screams that came from you know multiple screams that came from you know multiple fox holes away the other night it's like fox holes away the other night it's like fox holes away the other night it's like shark attacks right every night shark attacks right every night shark attacks right every night somebody's screaming from some Foxhole somebody's screaming from some Foxhole somebody's screaming from some Foxhole somewhere and you can't do anything somewhere and you can't do anything somewhere and you can't do anything about it when you got your hands on the about it when you got your hands on the about it when you got your hands on the other side sometimes well the Japanese other side sometimes well the Japanese other side sometimes well the Japanese used to explain the way they treated the used to explain the way they treated the used to explain the way they treated the enemies that they captured sometimes as enemies that they captured sometimes as enemies that they captured sometimes as the troops getting out of hand and the troops getting out of hand and the troops getting out of hand and exploding and being angry about things exploding and being angry about things exploding and being angry about things well you could see the Allies having well you could see the Allies having well you could see the Allies having plenty of reasons to be feel and act the plenty of reasons to be feel and act the plenty of reasons to be feel and act the same way can't you these are the kind of same way can't you these are the kind of same way can't you these are the kind of things that contribute to a war without things that contribute to a war without things that contribute to a war without Mercy after the first attacks are Mercy after the first attacks are Mercy after the first attacks are viciously repulsed by American and viciously repulsed by American and viciously repulsed by American and Filipino forces and uh American Filipino forces and uh American Filipino forces and uh American artillery uh inflicts horrific artillery uh inflicts horrific artillery uh inflicts horrific casualties on the Japanese MacArthur casualties on the Japanese MacArthur casualties on the Japanese MacArthur gets a notice from his counterpart the gets a notice from his counterpart the gets a notice from his counterpart the Japanese Commander he printed it in full Japanese Commander he printed it in full Japanese Commander he printed it in full it says this it says this it says this quote sir you are well aware that you quote sir you are well aware that you quote sir you are well aware that you are doomed the end is near the question are doomed the end is near the question are doomed the end is near the question is how long will you be able to resist is how long will you be able to resist is how long will you be able to resist you have already cut rations by half I you have already cut rations by half I you have already cut rations by half I appreciate the fighting Spirit of

appreciate the fighting Spirit of appreciate the fighting Spirit of yourself and your troops who have been yourself and your troops who have been yourself and your troops who have been fighting with courage Your Prestige and fighting with courage Your Prestige and fighting with courage Your Prestige and honor have been upheld however in order honor have been upheld however in order honor have been upheld however in order to avoid needless Bloodshed and to save to avoid needless Bloodshed and to save to avoid needless Bloodshed and to save the remnants of your divisions and your the remnants of your divisions and your the remnants of your divisions and your auxiliary troops you are advised to auxiliary troops you are advised to auxiliary troops you are advised to surrender in the meantime we shall surrender in the meantime we shall surrender in the meantime we shall continue our defensive as I do not wish continue our defensive as I do not wish continue our defensive as I do not wish to give you time for defense if you to give you time for defense if you to give you time for defense if you decide to comply with our advice send a decide to comply with our advice send a decide to comply with our advice send a mission as soon as possible to our front mission as soon as possible to our front mission as soon as possible to our front lines we shall then cease fire and lines we shall then cease fire and lines we shall then cease fire and negotiate in our mysce failing that our negotiate in our mysce failing that our negotiate in our mysce failing that our offensive will be continued with offensive will be continued with offensive will be continued with inexurable Force which will bring upon inexurable Force which will bring upon inexurable Force which will bring upon you only disaster hoping your wise you only disaster hoping your wise you only disaster hoping your wise Council will so Prevail that you will Council will so Prevail that you will Council will so Prevail that you will save the lives of your troops I remain save the lives of your troops I remain save the lives of your troops I remain yours very sincerely commander-in-chief yours very sincerely commander-in-chief yours very sincerely commander-in-chief the Japanese expeditionary Force the Japanese expeditionary Force the Japanese expeditionary Force MacArthur says that when he failed to MacArthur says that when he failed to MacArthur says that when he failed to respond to this the Japanese showered respond to this the Japanese showered respond to this the Japanese showered the American lines with a leaflet that the American lines with a leaflet that the American lines with a leaflet that said this quote the outcome of the said this quote the outcome of the said this quote the outcome of the present combat has already been decided present combat has already been decided present combat has already been decided and you are cornered to the Doom but and you are cornered to the Doom but and you are cornered to the Doom but however being unable to realize the however being unable to realize the however being unable to realize the present present present situation blinded General MacArthur has situation blinded General MacArthur has situation blinded General MacArthur has stupidly refused our proposal and stupidly refused our proposal and stupidly refused our proposal and continues futile struggle at the cost of continues futile struggle at the cost of continues futile struggle at the cost of your precious lives your precious lives your precious lives then they address a message directly to then they address a message directly to then they address a message directly to the 65,000 Filipino troops who outnumber the 65,000 Filipino troops who outnumber the 65,000 Filipino troops who outnumber the Americans by many times quote dear the Americans by many times quote dear the Americans by many times quote dear Filipino soldiers exclamation point Filipino soldiers exclamation point Filipino soldiers exclamation point there are still one way left for you

there are still one way left for you there are still one way left for you this is to give up all your weapons at this is to give up all your weapons at this is to give up all your weapons at once and surrender to the Japanese force once and surrender to the Japanese force once and surrender to the Japanese force before it is too late and then we shall before it is too late and then we shall before it is too late and then we shall fully protect you we repeat for the last fully protect you we repeat for the last fully protect you we repeat for the last exclamation point surrender at once and exclamation point surrender at once and exclamation point surrender at once and build your new Philippines for and by build your new Philippines for and by build your new Philippines for and by Filipinos end Filipinos end Filipinos end quote MacArthur says that everyone quote MacArthur says that everyone quote MacArthur says that everyone roared with laughter in the fox holes roared with laughter in the fox holes roared with laughter in the fox holes that night but the Japanese were putting that night but the Japanese were putting that night but the Japanese were putting out other out other out other notices uh telling the Filipino troops notices uh telling the Filipino troops notices uh telling the Filipino troops how to kill their American officers and how to kill their American officers and how to kill their American officers and come over to the Japanese come over to the Japanese come over to the Japanese side MacArthur All This Time by the way side MacArthur All This Time by the way side MacArthur All This Time by the way as you might expect is asking for help as you might expect is asking for help as you might expect is asking for help and think about what you have here I and think about what you have here I and think about what you have here I mean let's assume the worst let's assume mean let's assume the worst let's assume mean let's assume the worst let's assume that the United States doesn't care that the United States doesn't care that the United States doesn't care about 65,000 Filipino troops and and the about 65,000 Filipino troops and and the about 65,000 Filipino troops and and the refugees and everything else which is refugees and everything else which is refugees and everything else which is wrong but let's assume that there's wrong but let's assume that there's wrong but let's assume that there's 15,000 American troops here they are 15,000 American troops here they are 15,000 American troops here they are essentially doomed if somebody doesn't essentially doomed if somebody doesn't essentially doomed if somebody doesn't do something and MacArthur's essentially do something and MacArthur's essentially do something and MacArthur's essentially asking Roosevelt and the generals back asking Roosevelt and the generals back asking Roosevelt and the generals back home what are you going to do and he home what are you going to do and he home what are you going to do and he keeps asking for things which given the keeps asking for things which given the keeps asking for things which given the climate are really impossible he wants climate are really impossible he wants climate are really impossible he wants aircraft carriers what can he expect I aircraft carriers what can he expect I aircraft carriers what can he expect I mean when is help coming is what he's mean when is help coming is what he's mean when is help coming is what he's basically saying and here's the funny basically saying and here's the funny basically saying and here's the funny part about it on one hand you're totally part about it on one hand you're totally part about it on one hand you're totally with MacArthur and the Filipinos by the with MacArthur and the Filipinos by the with MacArthur and the Filipinos by the way are insense the the head of the way are insense the the head of the way are insense the the head of the Philippines is ready to call it quit he Philippines is ready to call it quit he Philippines is ready to call it quit he saying why are my people dying is we're saying why are my people dying is we're saying why are my people dying is we're fighting and burning for a flag that fighting and burning for a flag that fighting and burning for a flag that can't protect us and MacArthur is kind can't protect us and MacArthur is kind can't protect us and MacArthur is kind of feeling a little bit the same way but of feeling a little bit the same way but of feeling a little bit the same way but here's the problem this is why everybody here's the problem this is why everybody here's the problem this is why everybody told him this area was not defensible to told him this area was not defensible to told him this area was not defensible to begin with he wants help and they're

begin with he wants help and they're begin with he wants help and they're saying if we could have provided help saying if we could have provided help saying if we could have provided help the area would have been the area would have been the area would have been defensible so MacArthur wants to not be defensible so MacArthur wants to not be defensible so MacArthur wants to not be written off but Franklin Roosevelt and written off but Franklin Roosevelt and written off but Franklin Roosevelt and the generals and Admirals back in the generals and Admirals back in the generals and Admirals back in Washington are beginning to have some of Washington are beginning to have some of Washington are beginning to have some of the same ugly business as Church called the same ugly business as Church called the same ugly business as Church called it decisions to make where they have to it decisions to make where they have to it decisions to make where they have to wonder about sending precious supplies wonder about sending precious supplies wonder about sending precious supplies that could be very helpful somewhere to that could be very helpful somewhere to that could be very helpful somewhere to a place that's probably already doomed a place that's probably already doomed a place that's probably already doomed and MacArthur desperately doesn't want and MacArthur desperately doesn't want and MacArthur desperately doesn't want to be that place needless to say the to be that place needless to say the to be that place needless to say the Filipinos don't either and they're Filipinos don't either and they're Filipinos don't either and they're angry the Filipino president will shake angry the Filipino president will shake angry the Filipino president will shake with rage at one point after listening with rage at one point after listening with rage at one point after listening to Franklin Roosevelt on the radio to Franklin Roosevelt on the radio to Franklin Roosevelt on the radio promising all these supplies to the promising all these supplies to the promising all these supplies to the Battlefront in Europe and when the Battlefront in Europe and when the Battlefront in Europe and when the United States is now all of a sudden you United States is now all of a sudden you United States is now all of a sudden you know giving Aid and support to the know giving Aid and support to the know giving Aid and support to the former former former adver not adversary but but not so adver not adversary but but not so adver not adversary but but not so friendly Soviet Union and yet nothing friendly Soviet Union and yet nothing friendly Soviet Union and yet nothing for the for the little brothers of the for the for the little brothers of the for the for the little brothers of the Philippines and the leader of the Philippines and the leader of the Philippines and the leader of the Philippines is shaking in his wheelchair Philippines is shaking in his wheelchair Philippines is shaking in his wheelchair and says to MacArthur you know how like and says to MacArthur you know how like and says to MacArthur you know how like the Americans to be worried about some the Americans to be worried about some the Americans to be worried about some distant cousin in distress while you distant cousin in distress while you distant cousin in distress while you know their daughter is being raped in know their daughter is being raped in know their daughter is being raped in the back the back the back room well this is something once again room well this is something once again room well this is something once again we get into he said he said sort of we get into he said he said sort of we get into he said he said sort of debate where MacArthur says that debate where MacArthur says that debate where MacArthur says that Roosevelt's basically telling help him Roosevelt's basically telling help him Roosevelt's basically telling help him help is on the way I'm not so sure help is on the way I'm not so sure help is on the way I'm not so sure that's true but MacArthur certainly that's true but MacArthur certainly that's true but MacArthur certainly always looking to bolster spirits and always looking to bolster spirits and always looking to bolster spirits and always an optimist tells everybody else always an optimist tells everybody else always an optimist tells everybody else that help is on the way he tells his that help is on the way he tells his that help is on the way he tells his troops in a proclamation on um January troops in a proclamation on um January troops in a proclamation on um January 15th when they have been fighting This 15th when they have been fighting This 15th when they have been fighting This Bitter fight now and giving a great

Bitter fight now and giving a great Bitter fight now and giving a great account of themselves by the way in account of themselves by the way in account of themselves by the way in really really bitter uh combat really really bitter uh combat really really bitter uh combat quote help is on the way from the United quote help is on the way from the United quote help is on the way from the United States thousands of troops and hundreds States thousands of troops and hundreds States thousands of troops and hundreds of planes are being dispatched the exact of planes are being dispatched the exact of planes are being dispatched the exact time of arrival is unknown as they will time of arrival is unknown as they will time of arrival is unknown as they will have to fight their way through Japanese have to fight their way through Japanese have to fight their way through Japanese attempts against them it is imperative attempts against them it is imperative attempts against them it is imperative that our troops hold until these that our troops hold until these that our troops hold until these reinforcements arrive no further Retreat reinforcements arrive no further Retreat reinforcements arrive no further Retreat is possible we have more troops in batan is possible we have more troops in batan is possible we have more troops in batan than the Japanese have thrown against us than the Japanese have thrown against us than the Japanese have thrown against us our supplies are ample a determined our supplies are ample a determined our supplies are ample a determined defense will defeat the enemy's attacks defense will defeat the enemy's attacks defense will defeat the enemy's attacks it is a question now of courage and it is a question now of courage and it is a question now of courage and determination men who run will merely be determination men who run will merely be determination men who run will merely be destroyed but Men Who fight will save destroyed but Men Who fight will save destroyed but Men Who fight will save themselves and their country end themselves and their country end themselves and their country end quote American troops were beginning to quote American troops were beginning to quote American troops were beginning to um talk about MacArthur with derision um talk about MacArthur with derision um talk about MacArthur with derision calling him Dugout Doug for staying on calling him Dugout Doug for staying on calling him Dugout Doug for staying on the island of cargador which was no the island of cargador which was no the island of cargador which was no picnic needless to say being bombed and picnic needless to say being bombed and picnic needless to say being bombed and stuff all the time but he was luxurious stuff all the time but he was luxurious stuff all the time but he was luxurious compared to the Troops in the fox holes compared to the Troops in the fox holes compared to the Troops in the fox holes who were having you know the Japanese who were having you know the Japanese who were having you know the Japanese ninja type stuffing their genitals into ninja type stuffing their genitals into ninja type stuffing their genitals into their mouths Freddy Krueger style so their mouths Freddy Krueger style so their mouths Freddy Krueger style so that was about as bad as it gets and if that was about as bad as it gets and if that was about as bad as it gets and if MacArthur and the Filipino leader think MacArthur and the Filipino leader think MacArthur and the Filipino leader think that the United States is forsaking the that the United States is forsaking the that the United States is forsaking the Philippines the troops in the Philippines the troops in the Philippines the troops in the Philippines simply think they're Philippines simply think they're Philippines simply think they're forsaken author James M Scott in his forsaken author James M Scott in his forsaken author James M Scott in his book Rampage was talking about how the book Rampage was talking about how the book Rampage was talking about how the soldiers had white V's painted on their

soldiers had white V's painted on their soldiers had white V's painted on their helmets which were supposed to mean helmets which were supposed to mean helmets which were supposed to mean Victory but it come to mean victims Victory but it come to mean victims Victory but it come to mean victims because they were just out there because they were just out there because they were just out there beginning to starve with the disease beginning to starve with the disease beginning to starve with the disease beginning to get to them and nobody in beginning to get to them and nobody in beginning to get to them and nobody in the United States seemed to be making the United States seemed to be making the United States seemed to be making making any effort to do anything about making any effort to do anything about making any effort to do anything about it was their job to just slowly Wither it was their job to just slowly Wither it was their job to just slowly Wither on the vine on the vine on the vine there an American war correspondent with there an American war correspondent with there an American war correspondent with the the the troops printed a saying or a poem that troops printed a saying or a poem that troops printed a saying or a poem that he says was going around the soldiers he says was going around the soldiers he says was going around the soldiers they're trying to keep their name in the they're trying to keep their name in the they're trying to keep their name in the news remember there's a lot of things news remember there's a lot of things news remember there's a lot of things crowding out the siege in batan there's crowding out the siege in batan there's crowding out the siege in batan there's a world at war now and the United States a world at war now and the United States a world at war now and the United States is part of it and there's a lot of is part of it and there's a lot of is part of it and there's a lot of newspaper space devoted to places less newspaper space devoted to places less newspaper space devoted to places less depressing than the ongoing Siege at depressing than the ongoing Siege at depressing than the ongoing Siege at batan and yet you can imagine 15,000 batan and yet you can imagine 15,000 batan and yet you can imagine 15,000 Americans would like to be on the agenda Americans would like to be on the agenda Americans would like to be on the agenda and the war correspondent said that the and the war correspondent said that the and the war correspondent said that the poem said among other things quote we're poem said among other things quote we're poem said among other things quote we're the battling Bastards of batan no Mama the battling Bastards of batan no Mama the battling Bastards of batan no Mama no papa no Uncle Sam no aunts no uncles no papa no Uncle Sam no aunts no uncles no papa no Uncle Sam no aunts no uncles no nephews no nieces no pills no planes no nephews no nieces no pills no planes no nephews no nieces no pills no planes no artillery pieces and nobody gives a no artillery pieces and nobody gives a no artillery pieces and nobody gives a damn the Americans and Filipinos damn the Americans and Filipinos damn the Americans and Filipinos furiously try to repulse the same things furiously try to repulse the same things furiously try to repulse the same things that sunk the British defense in Malaya that sunk the British defense in Malaya that sunk the British defense in Malaya the constant attempts at infiltration or the constant attempts at infiltration or the constant attempts at infiltration or amphibious assaults around them the amphibious assaults around them the amphibious assaults around them the frontal attacks are beaten off it's the frontal attacks are beaten off it's the frontal attacks are beaten off it's the infiltrators that are the terrible infiltrators that are the terrible infiltrators that are the terrible problem just like they were in Malaya problem just like they were in Malaya problem just like they were in Malaya and in this case General Wayne Wright and in this case General Wayne Wright and in this case General Wayne Wright who's been so heroic in how he's

who's been so heroic in how he's who's been so heroic in how he's conducted everything so far turns out to conducted everything so far turns out to conducted everything so far turns out to have been terribly wrong with this idea have been terribly wrong with this idea have been terribly wrong with this idea that this mountain this extinct volcano that this mountain this extinct volcano that this mountain this extinct volcano would block the Japanese from would block the Japanese from would block the Japanese from infiltrating through the the two groups infiltrating through the the two groups infiltrating through the the two groups of soldiers and turning their flank of soldiers and turning their flank of soldiers and turning their flank because that's exactly what they do he because that's exactly what they do he because that's exactly what they do he said they slithered like snakes through said they slithered like snakes through said they slithered like snakes through the lines at night and to give you an the lines at night and to give you an the lines at night and to give you an idea of how crazy thick this jungle is idea of how crazy thick this jungle is idea of how crazy thick this jungle is John Tolen says at one point a thousand John Tolen says at one point a thousand John Tolen says at one point a thousand of them SLI through the of them SLI through the of them SLI through the line in this terrain That was supposed line in this terrain That was supposed line in this terrain That was supposed to be impassible and were undiscovered to be impassible and were undiscovered to be impassible and were undiscovered for 3 Days think about that for a minute for 3 Days think about that for a minute for 3 Days think about that for a minute you could have a thousand men behind you could have a thousand men behind you could have a thousand men behind your line and not even know it for three your line and not even know it for three your line and not even know it for three days at one point more thousands get days at one point more thousands get days at one point more thousands get through and the Americans involve through and the Americans involve through and the Americans involve themselves and the Filipinos involve themselves and the Filipinos involve themselves and the Filipinos involve themselves in trying to isolate and themselves in trying to isolate and themselves in trying to isolate and close off these pockets of people that close off these pockets of people that close off these pockets of people that have penetrated the front lines so this have penetrated the front lines so this have penetrated the front lines so this is not even a defensive battle per se is not even a defensive battle per se is not even a defensive battle per se because at times the Americans and because at times the Americans and because at times the Americans and Filipinos have to attack the Japanese Filipinos have to attack the Japanese Filipinos have to attack the Japanese that have penetrated their lines and that have penetrated their lines and that have penetrated their lines and have formed have formed have formed Pockets it will take the Allied troops Pockets it will take the Allied troops Pockets it will take the Allied troops sometimes weeks to eliminate these sometimes weeks to eliminate these sometimes weeks to eliminate these Pockets within two weeks of the initial Pockets within two weeks of the initial Pockets within two weeks of the initial Japanese assault on batan the Allied Japanese assault on batan the Allied Japanese assault on batan the Allied commanders look at the situation commanders look at the situation commanders look at the situation the Americans especially and just say the Americans especially and just say the Americans especially and just say this is untenable we have to abandon this is untenable we have to abandon this is untenable we have to abandon this line it's too compromised and so I this line it's too compromised and so I this line it's too compromised and so I think it's January 22nd that the think it's January 22nd that the think it's January 22nd that the official notice goes out and the official notice goes out and the official notice goes out and the pullback starts and as usual I'm always pullback starts and as usual I'm always pullback starts and as usual I'm always um intrigued by the last people out and um intrigued by the last people out and um intrigued by the last people out and in this case it was some US soldiers who

in this case it was some US soldiers who in this case it was some US soldiers who had to Leap Frog their way back you know had to Leap Frog their way back you know had to Leap Frog their way back you know nine day growth of beard they're nine day growth of beard they're nine day growth of beard they're described with Hollow eyes sunken cheeks described with Hollow eyes sunken cheeks described with Hollow eyes sunken cheeks you know like Dead Men Walking as they you know like Dead Men Walking as they you know like Dead Men Walking as they uh make their way backwards to the next uh make their way backwards to the next uh make their way backwards to the next line of defense and then the Japanese line of defense and then the Japanese line of defense and then the Japanese cause problems even with that cause problems even with that cause problems even with that retreat but what happens now at this retreat but what happens now at this retreat but what happens now at this part in the story is the damage that the part in the story is the damage that the part in the story is the damage that the Allied troops have done to the Japanese Allied troops have done to the Japanese Allied troops have done to the Japanese stop the Japanese for a while General stop the Japanese for a while General stop the Japanese for a while General Hama and his troops need to you know Hama and his troops need to you know Hama and his troops need to you know reform refit reform refit reform refit resupply they need to get some new resupply they need to get some new resupply they need to get some new bigger guns in here they have to rethink bigger guns in here they have to rethink bigger guns in here they have to rethink this whole thing and this is a huge this whole thing and this is a huge this whole thing and this is a huge personal defeat for HMA it's personal defeat for HMA it's personal defeat for HMA it's embarrassing I was reading One account embarrassing I was reading One account embarrassing I was reading One account that said that at one point he just that said that at one point he just that said that at one point he just passed out from the stress of all this passed out from the stress of all this passed out from the stress of all this he kept asking for reinforcements the he kept asking for reinforcements the he kept asking for reinforcements the headquarters denied him and so now he headquarters denied him and so now he headquarters denied him and so now he basically has to you know look really basically has to you know look really basically has to you know look really bad here but say we really need to treat bad here but say we really need to treat bad here but say we really need to treat this you know as a heavy duty thing and this you know as a heavy duty thing and this you know as a heavy duty thing and finish this so that's going to take some finish this so that's going to take some finish this so that's going to take some time now normally the Allied Forces time now normally the Allied Forces time now normally the Allied Forces would welcome this time because they'd would welcome this time because they'd would welcome this time because they'd like to refit resupply uh bring in new like to refit resupply uh bring in new like to refit resupply uh bring in new fresh troops in the whole thing too but fresh troops in the whole thing too but fresh troops in the whole thing too but the Japanese are the only side that can the Japanese are the only side that can the Japanese are the only side that can do that remember that's what this whole do that remember that's what this whole do that remember that's what this whole Siege thing means so this is the period Siege thing means so this is the period Siege thing means so this is the period where it's not so much other than the where it's not so much other than the where it's not so much other than the ninja stuff that's happening anyway but ninja stuff that's happening anyway but ninja stuff that's happening anyway but it's not so much the enemy activity as it's not so much the enemy activity as it's not so much the enemy activity as it is just being here under these it is just being here under these it is just being here under these conditions that begin to kill the troops

conditions that begin to kill the troops conditions that begin to kill the troops the starvation and the disease the batan peninsula is one of disease the batan peninsula is one of the most malarial regions on the planet the most malarial regions on the planet the most malarial regions on the planet and you also get berry berry Deni fever and you also get berry berry Deni fever and you also get berry berry Deni fever I mean the number of diseases you can I mean the number of diseases you can I mean the number of diseases you can get from this area is um well if you get from this area is um well if you get from this area is um well if you look at photos of Frontline soldiers you look at photos of Frontline soldiers you look at photos of Frontline soldiers you often will see them covered in all sorts often will see them covered in all sorts often will see them covered in all sorts of like they called it jungle of like they called it jungle of like they called it jungle rot another author I was reading says rot another author I was reading says rot another author I was reading says that the jungle was the only kind of that the jungle was the only kind of that the jungle was the only kind of terrain that reliably and all season terrain that reliably and all season terrain that reliably and all season long killed the people who were fighting long killed the people who were fighting long killed the people who were fighting in it there were probably some local in it there were probably some local in it there were probably some local tribes that are uh from the jungle that tribes that are uh from the jungle that tribes that are uh from the jungle that can handle it but Japanese and Allied can handle it but Japanese and Allied can handle it but Japanese and Allied troops alike started to rot troops alike started to rot troops alike started to rot literally there are other theaters where literally there are other theaters where literally there are other theaters where the climate could kill you I mean the the climate could kill you I mean the the climate could kill you I mean the Germans on the Eastern Front are finding Germans on the Eastern Front are finding Germans on the Eastern Front are finding out at the very same time this story is out at the very same time this story is out at the very same time this story is going on how nasty the Russian winter is going on how nasty the Russian winter is going on how nasty the Russian winter is and how many it will take away you know and how many it will take away you know and how many it will take away you know kill you right on the front lines have kill you right on the front lines have kill you right on the front lines have people frozen stiff but you know spring people frozen stiff but you know spring people frozen stiff but you know spring will come on the Russian step in the will come on the Russian step in the will come on the Russian step in the jungle you'll still be jungle you'll still be jungle you'll still be dying then there's the starvation part dying then there's the starvation part dying then there's the starvation part that's hard to get your mind around that's hard to get your mind around that's hard to get your mind around because on this peninsula with all these because on this peninsula with all these because on this peninsula with all these people and numbers are weird I mean I people and numbers are weird I mean I people and numbers are weird I mean I keep saying 15,000 American troops keep saying 15,000 American troops keep saying 15,000 American troops depending on how you classify could be depending on how you classify could be depending on how you classify could be 17,000 uh the number of refugees is 17,000 uh the number of refugees is 17,000 uh the number of refugees is unknown the number of Filipino soldiers unknown the number of Filipino soldiers unknown the number of Filipino soldiers that made it into batan specifically is that made it into batan specifically is that made it into batan specifically is unknown but 80 to 100,000 is the number unknown but 80 to 100,000 is the number unknown but 80 to 100,000 is the number they always throw out there 80 to they always throw out there 80 to they always throw out there 80 to 100,000 people in this particular what

100,000 people in this particular what 100,000 people in this particular what 25 by 20 mile area they're going to pick 25 by 20 mile area they're going to pick 25 by 20 mile area they're going to pick it clean like locusts before too long it clean like locusts before too long it clean like locusts before too long and they eat everything I mean the story and they eat everything I mean the story and they eat everything I mean the story is about eating Snak AK and geckos and is about eating Snak AK and geckos and is about eating Snak AK and geckos and all pythons um baby monkeys that look all pythons um baby monkeys that look all pythons um baby monkeys that look like human babies and I only say that like human babies and I only say that like human babies and I only say that cuz the guy who told the story the cuz the guy who told the story the cuz the guy who told the story the veteran who was quoted in the book I veteran who was quoted in the book I veteran who was quoted in the book I read said he couldn't eat them as read said he couldn't eat them as read said he couldn't eat them as starving as he was they would jump into starving as he was they would jump into starving as he was they would jump into the fox holes cuz they'd get scared of the fox holes cuz they'd get scared of the fox holes cuz they'd get scared of the shelling and the soldier in the the shelling and the soldier in the the shelling and the soldier in the Foxhole would just grab them in you know Foxhole would just grab them in you know Foxhole would just grab them in you know lunch finally something to eat lunch finally something to eat lunch finally something to eat protein author Bill Sloan in undefeated protein author Bill Sloan in undefeated protein author Bill Sloan in undefeated quotes a Colonel Glenn Townsen commander quotes a Colonel Glenn Townsen commander quotes a Colonel Glenn Townsen commander of the 11th regiment quote rations were of the 11th regiment quote rations were of the 11th regiment quote rations were reduced from 16 ounces a day to eight reduced from 16 ounces a day to eight reduced from 16 ounces a day to eight and then to four twice a week we got and then to four twice a week we got and then to four twice a week we got small amounts of carabal mule or horse small amounts of carabal mule or horse small amounts of carabal mule or horse meat there was no flour vegetables or meat there was no flour vegetables or meat there was no flour vegetables or sugar the quinine was exhausted malaria sugar the quinine was exhausted malaria sugar the quinine was exhausted malaria rampant almost everyone had rampant almost everyone had rampant almost everyone had disent Sloan then interjects that the disent Sloan then interjects that the disent Sloan then interjects that the men were hungry enough to try to devour men were hungry enough to try to devour men were hungry enough to try to devour anything that seemed remotely digestible anything that seemed remotely digestible anything that seemed remotely digestible and then quotes major Harold Johnson of and then quotes major Harold Johnson of and then quotes major Harold Johnson of the 57th regiment quote I saw soldiers the 57th regiment quote I saw soldiers the 57th regiment quote I saw soldiers squatting beside Trails boiling a piece squatting beside Trails boiling a piece squatting beside Trails boiling a piece of mule hide or caribow hide in a tomato of mule hide or caribow hide in a tomato of mule hide or caribow hide in a tomato can and chewing away at the hide trying can and chewing away at the hide trying can and chewing away at the hide trying to get some nourishment the soldiers to get some nourishment the soldiers to get some nourishment the soldiers never really complained Johnson said but never really complained Johnson said but never really complained Johnson said but all the time you could see the question all the time you could see the question all the time you could see the question in their eyes what in the world have you in their eyes what in the world have you in their eyes what in the world have you done to us end

quote as general Hama is preparing for quote as general Hama is preparing for what he figures will be the final push what he figures will be the final push what he figures will be the final push and bringing in new big guns and new and bringing in new big guns and new and bringing in new big guns and new troops and fresh units and all this troops and fresh units and all this troops and fresh units and all this stuff the US government realizes that stuff the US government realizes that stuff the US government realizes that they're going to lose this situation they're going to lose this situation they're going to lose this situation relatively soon everybody's really proud relatively soon everybody's really proud relatively soon everybody's really proud of the resistance put up here in um of the resistance put up here in um of the resistance put up here in um batan but at the same time it's clear batan but at the same time it's clear batan but at the same time it's clear that the end is near and the US that the end is near and the US that the end is near and the US government is looking at this and going government is looking at this and going government is looking at this and going we' just created this superhero in we' just created this superhero in we' just created this superhero in Douglas MacArthur we can't let him fall Douglas MacArthur we can't let him fall Douglas MacArthur we can't let him fall into enemy hands right it's bad enough into enemy hands right it's bad enough into enemy hands right it's bad enough to think you might relieve him remember to think you might relieve him remember to think you might relieve him remember we said the whole house of hope that we said the whole house of hope that we said the whole house of hope that that much of the policy was based on that much of the policy was based on that much of the policy was based on would collapse if the uh you know Wild would collapse if the uh you know Wild would collapse if the uh you know Wild card was taken away but what if the Wild card was taken away but what if the Wild card was taken away but what if the Wild Card were captured by the enemy and it's Card were captured by the enemy and it's Card were captured by the enemy and it's interesting there was one thing that I interesting there was one thing that I interesting there was one thing that I had read here that I had never heard had read here that I had never heard had read here that I had never heard before but it fits so well into the before but it fits so well into the before but it fits so well into the story was Douglas MacArthur was story was Douglas MacArthur was story was Douglas MacArthur was screaming and yelling so much about not screaming and yelling so much about not screaming and yelling so much about not getting any support and the US getting any support and the US getting any support and the US government's not helping him and the government's not helping him and the government's not helping him and the Navy is not helping him and he Navy is not helping him and he Navy is not helping him and he criticized the Navy relentlessly he said criticized the Navy relentlessly he said criticized the Navy relentlessly he said for example that there wasn't a real for example that there wasn't a real for example that there wasn't a real blockade that the Navy just said there blockade that the Navy just said there blockade that the Navy just said there was a blockade and that if you just was a blockade and that if you just was a blockade and that if you just challenged it you'd see it was a paper challenged it you'd see it was a paper challenged it you'd see it was a paper blockade basically implying that they blockade basically implying that they blockade basically implying that they don't have the guts to challenge it don't have the guts to challenge it don't have the guts to challenge it MacArthur's continual demand for more MacArthur's continual demand for more MacArthur's continual demand for more troops and how he was kind of being left troops and how he was kind of being left troops and how he was kind of being left in the Lurch was so public and almost in the Lurch was so public and almost in the Lurch was so public and almost you know so petulant some might say that you know so petulant some might say that you know so petulant some might say that the enemy even started mocking him for the enemy even started mocking him for the enemy even started mocking him for it and I had not heard this before it and I had not heard this before it and I had not heard this before reading James M Scott's book Rampage but reading James M Scott's book Rampage but reading James M Scott's book Rampage but he says quote the Japanese and the he says quote the Japanese and the he says quote the Japanese and the Germans had mocked McArthur in other Germans had mocked McArthur in other Germans had mocked McArthur in other shortwave broadcasts paying tribute to

shortwave broadcasts paying tribute to shortwave broadcasts paying tribute to his struggle as a way to embarrass the his struggle as a way to embarrass the his struggle as a way to embarrass the United States now quoting the Japanese United States now quoting the Japanese United States now quoting the Japanese broadcast quote in the name of fair play broadcast quote in the name of fair play broadcast quote in the name of fair play and chivalry the Japanese Nation demands and chivalry the Japanese Nation demands and chivalry the Japanese Nation demands that the United States give General that the United States give General that the United States give General MacArthur the reinforcements he needs so MacArthur the reinforcements he needs so MacArthur the reinforcements he needs so he will be able to wage a war that would he will be able to wage a war that would he will be able to wage a war that would be to his satisfaction win or lose end be to his satisfaction win or lose end be to his satisfaction win or lose end quote wow that's the enemy sort of quote wow that's the enemy sort of quote wow that's the enemy sort of making fun of you and the country and making fun of you and the country and making fun of you and the country and everybody at the same time um you get a everybody at the same time um you get a everybody at the same time um you get a very different feel for things from very different feel for things from very different feel for things from MacArthur through his own writings and MacArthur through his own writings and MacArthur through his own writings and there's a reason I haven't been quoting there's a reason I haven't been quoting there's a reason I haven't been quoting them more we had mentioned with Winston them more we had mentioned with Winston them more we had mentioned with Winston Churchill that you have to be Churchill that you have to be Churchill that you have to be extraordinarily careful with his work extraordinarily careful with his work extraordinarily careful with his work because he will shade things and slant because he will shade things and slant because he will shade things and slant things and spin things but he's careful things and spin things but he's careful things and spin things but he's careful about it he's he's clever he's tricky about it he's he's clever he's tricky about it he's he's clever he's tricky the facts are usually pretty reputable the facts are usually pretty reputable the facts are usually pretty reputable and then you know the way he works them and then you know the way he works them and then you know the way he works them is it's it's a certain magic right as he is it's it's a certain magic right as he is it's it's a certain magic right as he said I know history will treat me kindly said I know history will treat me kindly said I know history will treat me kindly cuz I shall write that history well cuz I shall write that history well cuz I shall write that history well MacArthur is a whole different animal MacArthur is a whole different animal MacArthur is a whole different animal first of all I've read lots and lots and first of all I've read lots and lots and first of all I've read lots and lots and lots lots of generals Memoirs I've never lots lots of generals Memoirs I've never lots lots of generals Memoirs I've never read one like MacArthur's there's read one like MacArthur's there's read one like MacArthur's there's nothing like it it is not like a nothing like it it is not like a nothing like it it is not like a general's uh point of view whereas they general's uh point of view whereas they general's uh point of view whereas they certain if you read a book by physicists certain if you read a book by physicists certain if you read a book by physicists there's a certain way the Mind sort of there's a certain way the Mind sort of there's a certain way the Mind sort of works in these people and you expect a works in these people and you expect a works in these people and you expect a certain sort of an approach and certain sort of an approach and certain sort of an approach and MacArthur doesn't write like a general MacArthur doesn't write like a general MacArthur doesn't write like a general he writes like I do Hardcore History he writes like I do Hardcore History he writes like I do Hardcore History he's more organized too and less tangent he's more organized too and less tangent he's more organized too and less tangent so maybe even a clearer version it's so maybe even a clearer version it's so maybe even a clearer version it's Doug MacArthur's hardcore history when Doug MacArthur's hardcore history when Doug MacArthur's hardcore history when you read the writing it's full of

you read the writing it's full of you read the writing it's full of analogies and the drama is enormous and analogies and the drama is enormous and analogies and the drama is enormous and the the reason you have to be careful the the reason you have to be careful the the reason you have to be careful with him though is unlike Churchill who with him though is unlike Churchill who with him though is unlike Churchill who Slants things and spin things MacArthur Slants things and spin things MacArthur Slants things and spin things MacArthur flat out Mak stuff up now I didn't say flat out Mak stuff up now I didn't say flat out Mak stuff up now I didn't say lie notice his detractors call it lying lie notice his detractors call it lying lie notice his detractors call it lying uh they'll call him phony and a bunch of uh they'll call him phony and a bunch of uh they'll call him phony and a bunch of other things but I've read his work and other things but I've read his work and other things but I've read his work and I've I've studied this guy a long time I I've I've studied this guy a long time I I've I've studied this guy a long time I truly think and it's weird because if truly think and it's weird because if truly think and it's weird because if you believe this it comes with other you believe this it comes with other you believe this it comes with other baggage I truly think he's genuine and baggage I truly think he's genuine and baggage I truly think he's genuine and if he's genuine then you have to buy if he's genuine then you have to buy if he's genuine then you have to buy into the idea that he's a little duded into the idea that he's a little duded into the idea that he's a little duded because they go together if you think because they go together if you think because they go together if you think he's smart like a fox well then you have he's smart like a fox well then you have he's smart like a fox well then you have to sort of buy into the phony thing a to sort of buy into the phony thing a to sort of buy into the phony thing a little bit I think MacArthur believes little bit I think MacArthur believes little bit I think MacArthur believes what he wrote even if what he wrote I what he wrote even if what he wrote I what he wrote even if what he wrote I mean critics have looked at it for years mean critics have looked at it for years mean critics have looked at it for years and said this stuff didn't happen he and said this stuff didn't happen he and said this stuff didn't happen he made it up but I thought he believed it made it up but I thought he believed it made it up but I thought he believed it so I can't trust him on the facts so I so I can't trust him on the facts so I so I can't trust him on the facts so I didn't use him but what you can trust didn't use him but what you can trust didn't use him but what you can trust him on is this I mean what did him on is this I mean what did him on is this I mean what did Eisenhower say he studied Dramatics Eisenhower say he studied Dramatics Eisenhower say he studied Dramatics under MacArthur for seven years under MacArthur for seven years under MacArthur for seven years MacArthur's Memoirs are dramatic and MacArthur's Memoirs are dramatic and MacArthur's Memoirs are dramatic and this is where you get to the point where this is where you get to the point where this is where you get to the point where MacArthur is screaming and yelling and MacArthur is screaming and yelling and MacArthur is screaming and yelling and and he he's ready now to go out when the and he he's ready now to go out when the and he he's ready now to go out when the when the government says MacArthur maybe when the government says MacArthur maybe when the government says MacArthur maybe has to leave the Philippines he he has to leave the Philippines he he has to leave the Philippines he he doesn't want to go he threatens to go uh doesn't want to go he threatens to go uh doesn't want to go he threatens to go uh enlist as a resign his commission enlist enlist as a resign his commission enlist enlist as a resign his commission enlist as a volunteer and fight as a general as a volunteer and fight as a general as a volunteer and fight as a general Soldier which is a bit of Soldier which is a bit of Soldier which is a bit of bravado one of the stories I like about bravado one of the stories I like about bravado one of the stories I like about him is when he's at corgador he shows a him is when he's at corgador he shows a him is when he's at corgador he shows a daringer pistol he has to um compatriot daringer pistol he has to um compatriot daringer pistol he has to um compatriot and says they'll never Take Me Alive and says they'll never Take Me Alive and says they'll never Take Me Alive Sid again a little dramatic but probably Sid again a little dramatic but probably Sid again a little dramatic but probably true I still think he gives the best true I still think he gives the best true I still think he gives the best Epitaph though to the whole batan

Epitaph though to the whole batan Epitaph though to the whole batan campaign and why not maybe he deserv to campaign and why not maybe he deserv to campaign and why not maybe he deserv to it's certainly dramatic enough but it's certainly dramatic enough but it's certainly dramatic enough but here's the way he describes it and this here's the way he describes it and this here's the way he describes it and this is you know one of these really dramatic is you know one of these really dramatic is you know one of these really dramatic moments in MacArthur's life and believe moments in MacArthur's life and believe moments in MacArthur's life and believe me he notices it in the MacArthur story me he notices it in the MacArthur story me he notices it in the MacArthur story that he's writing in his head uh this is that he's writing in his head uh this is that he's writing in his head uh this is right before an intermission it should right before an intermission it should right before an intermission it should also be pointed out I think that Douglas also be pointed out I think that Douglas also be pointed out I think that Douglas MacArthur wrote this himself I think no MacArthur wrote this himself I think no MacArthur wrote this himself I think no ghost writer no co-writer nothing quote ghost writer no co-writer nothing quote ghost writer no co-writer nothing quote our troops were now approaching our troops were now approaching our troops were now approaching exhaustion the gorilla movement was exhaustion the gorilla movement was exhaustion the gorilla movement was going well but on batan and corgador the going well but on batan and corgador the going well but on batan and corgador the clouds were growing darker my heart achd clouds were growing darker my heart achd clouds were growing darker my heart achd as I saw my men slowly wasting away as I saw my men slowly wasting away as I saw my men slowly wasting away their clothes hung on them like tattered their clothes hung on them like tattered their clothes hung on them like tattered Rags their bare feet stuck out in silent Rags their bare feet stuck out in silent Rags their bare feet stuck out in silent protest their long bedraggled hair protest their long bedraggled hair protest their long bedraggled hair framed gaunt bloodless faces their horar framed gaunt bloodless faces their horar framed gaunt bloodless faces their horar wild laughter greeted the constant wild laughter greeted the constant wild laughter greeted the constant stream of obscene and rebal jokes stream of obscene and rebal jokes stream of obscene and rebal jokes issuing from their parched dry issuing from their parched dry issuing from their parched dry throats they cursed the enemy and in the throats they cursed the enemy and in the throats they cursed the enemy and in the same breath cursed and reviled the same breath cursed and reviled the same breath cursed and reviled the United States they spat when they Jered United States they spat when they Jered United States they spat when they Jered at the Navy but their eyes would light at the Navy but their eyes would light at the Navy but their eyes would light up and they would cheer when they saw my up and they would cheer when they saw my up and they would cheer when they saw my battered and much reviled in America battered and much reviled in America battered and much reviled in America scrambled eggs cap they would gather scrambled eggs cap they would gather scrambled eggs cap they would gather round and Pat me on the back and Mau round and Pat me on the back and Mau round and Pat me on the back and Mau marar me it's in quotes I have no idea marar me it's in quotes I have no idea marar me it's in quotes I have no idea what it means they would grin that what it means they would grin that what it means they would grin that ghastly skeleton likee grin of the dying ghastly skeleton likee grin of the dying ghastly skeleton likee grin of the dying as they would Roar in unison we are the

as they would Roar in unison we are the as they would Roar in unison we are the battling Bastards of ban an no papa no battling Bastards of ban an no papa no battling Bastards of ban an no papa no Mama no Uncle Sam they asked no quarter Mama no Uncle Sam they asked no quarter Mama no Uncle Sam they asked no quarter and they gave none they died hard those and they gave none they died hard those and they gave none they died hard those Savage men not gently like a stricken Savage men not gently like a stricken Savage men not gently like a stricken Dove folding its wings in peaceful Dove folding its wings in peaceful Dove folding its wings in peaceful passing but like a wounded wolf at Bay passing but like a wounded wolf at Bay passing but like a wounded wolf at Bay with lips curling back in a snarling with lips curling back in a snarling with lips curling back in a snarling Menace and always a nerveless hand Menace and always a nerveless hand Menace and always a nerveless hand reaching for that long sharp machete reaching for that long sharp machete reaching for that long sharp machete knife which long ago they had knife which long ago they had knife which long ago they had substituted for the bayonet and around substituted for the bayonet and around substituted for the bayonet and around their necks as we buried them would be a their necks as we buried them would be a their necks as we buried them would be a thread of dirty string with its dangling thread of dirty string with its dangling thread of dirty string with its dangling crucifix they were filthy and they were crucifix they were filthy and they were crucifix they were filthy and they were lousy and they stank and I love them end lousy and they stank and I love them end lousy and they stank and I love them end quote by March 12th MacArthur has to quote by March 12th MacArthur has to quote by March 12th MacArthur has to leave he doesn't want to go but he's leave he doesn't want to go but he's leave he doesn't want to go but he's convinced that he has to uh he gets this convinced that he has to uh he gets this convinced that he has to uh he gets this harrowing Escape promises to come harrowing Escape promises to come harrowing Escape promises to come back makes his way to back makes his way to back makes his way to Australia Broad casts a radio um Australia Broad casts a radio um Australia Broad casts a radio um announcement where he says the famous I announcement where he says the famous I announcement where he says the famous I shall return about coming back in shall return about coming back in shall return about coming back in liberating the Philippines and of course liberating the Philippines and of course liberating the Philippines and of course in wonderful Douglas MacArthur fashion in wonderful Douglas MacArthur fashion in wonderful Douglas MacArthur fashion and I hadn't heard that until Recent and I hadn't heard that until Recent and I hadn't heard that until Recent research apparently he it was suggested research apparently he it was suggested research apparently he it was suggested to him that he should say we shall to him that he should say we shall to him that he should say we shall return meaning the Allies the Americans return meaning the Allies the Americans return meaning the Allies the Americans whatever it might be and chose to use whatever it might be and chose to use whatever it might be and chose to use the personal pronoun instead it's just the personal pronoun instead it's just the personal pronoun instead it's just perfect not everybody of course uh was perfect not everybody of course uh was perfect not everybody of course uh was happy or saw MacArthur as this superhero

happy or saw MacArthur as this superhero happy or saw MacArthur as this superhero again soon to get a Congressional Medal again soon to get a Congressional Medal again soon to get a Congressional Medal of Honor MacArthur's action as he might of Honor MacArthur's action as he might of Honor MacArthur's action as he might have have have surmised not exactly taken well by the surmised not exactly taken well by the surmised not exactly taken well by the people who can't get away on a PT boat people who can't get away on a PT boat people who can't get away on a PT boat and make it to Australia Ronald H and make it to Australia Ronald H and make it to Australia Ronald H Spectre and Eagle against the sun writes Spectre and Eagle against the sun writes Spectre and Eagle against the sun writes quote in the Philippines the exhausted quote in the Philippines the exhausted quote in the Philippines the exhausted Americans and Filipinos also took a more Americans and Filipinos also took a more Americans and Filipinos also took a more critical view of MacArthur's action critical view of MacArthur's action critical view of MacArthur's action quote who had the right to say that quote who had the right to say that quote who had the right to say that 20,000 Americans should be sentenced 20,000 Americans should be sentenced 20,000 Americans should be sentenced without their consent and for no fault without their consent and for no fault without their consent and for no fault of their own to an Enterprise that would of their own to an Enterprise that would of their own to an Enterprise that would involve for them endless suffering cruel involve for them endless suffering cruel involve for them endless suffering cruel handicap death or a hopeless future handicap death or a hopeless future handicap death or a hopeless future wrote General William E brusher who wrote General William E brusher who wrote General William E brusher who commanded the 11th division on batan commanded the 11th division on batan commanded the 11th division on batan continuing quote a foul trick of continuing quote a foul trick of continuing quote a foul trick of deception has been played on a large deception has been played on a large deception has been played on a large group of Americans by a commander in group of Americans by a commander in group of Americans by a commander in chief and a small staff who are now chief and a small staff who are now chief and a small staff who are now eating steak and eggs in Australia eating steak and eggs in Australia eating steak and eggs in Australia godamn them godamn them godamn them end end end quote earlier I think we'd mentioned the quote earlier I think we'd mentioned the quote earlier I think we'd mentioned the Alamo as a kind of comparison with the Alamo as a kind of comparison with the Alamo as a kind of comparison with the situation the uh Texans against the situation the uh Texans against the situation the uh Texans against the Mexicans in that baguer little mission Mexicans in that baguer little mission Mexicans in that baguer little mission that was doomed from the outset that was doomed from the outset that was doomed from the outset commanded by guys like William Travis commanded by guys like William Travis commanded by guys like William Travis What If instead of dying at the Alamo at What If instead of dying at the Alamo at What If instead of dying at the Alamo at the last minute before the big final the last minute before the big final the last minute before the big final charge William Travis left I'm very charge William Travis left I'm very charge William Travis left I'm very important they need me in Washington and important they need me in Washington and important they need me in Washington and listen I shall return and just you know listen I shall return and just you know listen I shall return and just you know make sure you're still here when I get

make sure you're still here when I get make sure you're still here when I get here it'd be a very weird ending to the here it'd be a very weird ending to the here it'd be a very weird ending to the Alamo story wouldn't it in this case uh Alamo story wouldn't it in this case uh Alamo story wouldn't it in this case uh MacArthur claims in his Memoirs if you MacArthur claims in his Memoirs if you MacArthur claims in his Memoirs if you believe him that he was expecting and believe him that he was expecting and believe him that he was expecting and wanted to die with the Garrison and that wanted to die with the Garrison and that wanted to die with the Garrison and that even his wife had been asked if she even his wife had been asked if she even his wife had been asked if she wanted to be evacuated at one of the wanted to be evacuated at one of the wanted to be evacuated at one of the critical times and she said no and his critical times and she said no and his critical times and she said no and his son's there too and he told the person son's there too and he told the person son's there too and he told the person who said she she will share my fate we who said she she will share my fate we who said she she will share my fate we drink from the same cup it's very drink from the same cup it's very drink from the same cup it's very dramatic and then he says the head of dramatic and then he says the head of dramatic and then he says the head of the Philippines dramatically puts his the Philippines dramatically puts his the Philippines dramatically puts his own signate on MacArthur's finger so own signate on MacArthur's finger so own signate on MacArthur's finger so that he'll be able to identify that he'll be able to identify that he'll be able to identify MacArthur's body well now MacArthur's MacArthur's body well now MacArthur's MacArthur's body well now MacArthur's 4,000 Mi away in Australia but he still 4,000 Mi away in Australia but he still 4,000 Mi away in Australia but he still wants the Defenders of batan to stick wants the Defenders of batan to stick wants the Defenders of batan to stick with that plan right we're still going with that plan right we're still going with that plan right we're still going to die to the last man whether I'm part to die to the last man whether I'm part to die to the last man whether I'm part of that or not and I shall of that or not and I shall of that or not and I shall return for this analogy to really be return for this analogy to really be return for this analogy to really be applicable though to MacArthur you have applicable though to MacArthur you have applicable though to MacArthur you have to imagine that when William Travis got to imagine that when William Travis got to imagine that when William Travis got to whatever far away location he fled to to whatever far away location he fled to to whatever far away location he fled to he was still trying to control the he was still trying to control the he was still trying to control the defense of the alobi because that's what defense of the alobi because that's what defense of the alobi because that's what MacArthur is going to try to MacArthur is going to try to MacArthur is going to try to do he's never mentally going to let go do he's never mentally going to let go do he's never mentally going to let go of the Philippines and even though he of the Philippines and even though he of the Philippines and even though he had his plans to set up a direct had his plans to set up a direct had his plans to set up a direct micromanagement system from micromanagement system from micromanagement system from Australia which was nicked by President Australia which was nicked by President Australia which was nicked by President Roosevelt and General Marshall by the Roosevelt and General Marshall by the Roosevelt and General Marshall by the way who said you're not going to control way who said you're not going to control way who said you're not going to control the battle from 4,000 miles away he the battle from 4,000 miles away he the battle from 4,000 miles away he managed to kind of assume control anyway managed to kind of assume control anyway managed to kind of assume control anyway and by the end of April is going to be and by the end of April is going to be and by the end of April is going to be made the head of the entire theater made the head of the entire theater made the head of the entire theater anyway so the writing was on the wall so anyway so the writing was on the wall so anyway so the writing was on the wall so the guy who gets the job after him the guy who gets the job after him the guy who gets the job after him the poor sap who has to be the losing

the poor sap who has to be the losing the poor sap who has to be the losing pitcher of record here who has to take pitcher of record here who has to take pitcher of record here who has to take the loss is our old friend General Wayne the loss is our old friend General Wayne the loss is our old friend General Wayne Wright who's in the very unenviable Wright who's in the very unenviable Wright who's in the very unenviable position of having Douglas MacArthur position of having Douglas MacArthur position of having Douglas MacArthur telling him one thing which seems telling him one thing which seems telling him one thing which seems completely disconnected from reality and completely disconnected from reality and completely disconnected from reality and his subcommanders who are in touch with his subcommanders who are in touch with his subcommanders who are in touch with the actual troops on the ground giving the actual troops on the ground giving the actual troops on the ground giving him a healthy dose of you know their him a healthy dose of you know their him a healthy dose of you know their reality the long awaited Japanese reality the long awaited Japanese reality the long awaited Japanese attempted a knockout blow happens uh attempted a knockout blow happens uh attempted a knockout blow happens uh most sources say April 3rd you run into most sources say April 3rd you run into most sources say April 3rd you run into this Dateline thing again so some will this Dateline thing again so some will this Dateline thing again so some will say April 2nd the Japanese launched the say April 2nd the Japanese launched the say April 2nd the Japanese launched the big attack now they have been big attack now they have been big attack now they have been stockpiling for this they got more than stockpiling for this they got more than stockpiling for this they got more than 65,000 troops set up here uh a bunch of 65,000 troops set up here uh a bunch of 65,000 troops set up here uh a bunch of them 15,000 something like that them 15,000 something like that them 15,000 something like that completely completely completely fresh they have 80 to 100 aircraft fresh they have 80 to 100 aircraft fresh they have 80 to 100 aircraft they've amassed they have between 150 they've amassed they have between 150 they've amassed they have between 150 and 200 artillery pieces which as I said and 200 artillery pieces which as I said and 200 artillery pieces which as I said unusual for the Japanese and some of unusual for the Japanese and some of unusual for the Japanese and some of them very heavy Siege them very heavy Siege them very heavy Siege weapons they have tanks they're ready weapons they have tanks they're ready weapons they have tanks they're ready for this this and they start with a for this this and they start with a for this this and they start with a bombardment that is very unusual for bombardment that is very unusual for bombardment that is very unusual for this front and the Filipinos John Tolan this front and the Filipinos John Tolan this front and the Filipinos John Tolan writes in the Rising Sun have never seen writes in the Rising Sun have never seen writes in the Rising Sun have never seen anything like it and the strong point anything like it and the strong point anything like it and the strong point for this battle line is another one of for this battle line is another one of for this battle line is another one of these extinct dormant volcano Mountain these extinct dormant volcano Mountain these extinct dormant volcano Mountain places and there's a lot of troops on it places and there's a lot of troops on it places and there's a lot of troops on it it's it's it sort of anchors the entire it's it's it sort of anchors the entire it's it's it sort of anchors the entire front and that's what the Japanese are front and that's what the Japanese are front and that's what the Japanese are going to hit and after a preliminary going to hit and after a preliminary going to hit and after a preliminary bombardment of several hours in the midm bombardment of several hours in the midm bombardment of several hours in the midm morning hours the attack commences as morning hours the attack commences as morning hours the attack commences as John Tolen in the Rising Sun describes John Tolen in the Rising Sun describes John Tolen in the Rising Sun describes it it it quote at 10:00 the firing started the

quote at 10:00 the firing started the quote at 10:00 the firing started the Filipinos had never experienced anything Filipinos had never experienced anything Filipinos had never experienced anything so devastating shells seemed to explode so devastating shells seemed to explode so devastating shells seemed to explode on top of each other it reminded on top of each other it reminded on top of each other it reminded American veterans of the heaviest German American veterans of the heaviest German American veterans of the heaviest German barges in World War barges in World War barges in World War I bombers of the Japanese 22nd air I bombers of the Japanese 22nd air I bombers of the Japanese 22nd air Brigade approached unmolested in perfect Brigade approached unmolested in perfect Brigade approached unmolested in perfect formation and dropped tons of explosives formation and dropped tons of explosives formation and dropped tons of explosives on the 2 and 1 half miles in front of on the 2 and 1 half miles in front of on the 2 and 1 half miles in front of Mount s mat bamboo Groves burst into Mount s mat bamboo Groves burst into Mount s mat bamboo Groves burst into Flame the phenomenon was treated lightly Flame the phenomenon was treated lightly Flame the phenomenon was treated lightly at first men lit cigarettes on the at first men lit cigarettes on the at first men lit cigarettes on the burning trees then brush dry as Tinder burning trees then brush dry as Tinder burning trees then brush dry as Tinder ignited and the heat became intolerable ignited and the heat became intolerable ignited and the heat became intolerable Americans and Filipinos alike leaped Americans and Filipinos alike leaped Americans and Filipinos alike leaped from their foxholes and scrambled back from their foxholes and scrambled back from their foxholes and scrambled back to the second line of to the second line of to the second line of defense here foliage had been blasted defense here foliage had been blasted defense here foliage had been blasted away leaving the ground almost Barren away leaving the ground almost Barren away leaving the ground almost Barren and the Defenders thought they were safe and the Defenders thought they were safe and the Defenders thought they were safe but a wind sprang up and Flames leaped but a wind sprang up and Flames leaped but a wind sprang up and Flames leaped over the cleared area to the lush jungle over the cleared area to the lush jungle over the cleared area to the lush jungle growth beyond the men were trapped in a growth beyond the men were trapped in a growth beyond the men were trapped in a circle of fire hundreds were cremated circle of fire hundreds were cremated circle of fire hundreds were cremated those who escaped fled to the rear like those who escaped fled to the rear like those who escaped fled to the rear like frenzied animals spreading Panic end frenzied animals spreading Panic end frenzied animals spreading Panic end quote I've always found it interesting quote I've always found it interesting quote I've always found it interesting that the zoom level that you apply to that the zoom level that you apply to that the zoom level that you apply to historical events determines the way historical events determines the way historical events determines the way they sound so that's obviously an on the they sound so that's obviously an on the they sound so that's obviously an on the ground level of what the troops are ground level of what the troops are ground level of what the troops are experiencing if you zoom way out and you experiencing if you zoom way out and you experiencing if you zoom way out and you read encyclopedias of military history read encyclopedias of military history read encyclopedias of military history and whatnot you just get the Bare Bones and whatnot you just get the Bare Bones and whatnot you just get the Bare Bones of of what these major formations are of of what these major formations are of of what these major formations are doing but you lose the sense of what's doing but you lose the sense of what's doing but you lose the sense of what's going on to the individual humans but it

going on to the individual humans but it going on to the individual humans but it helps explain sometimes the Bare Bones helps explain sometimes the Bare Bones helps explain sometimes the Bare Bones in a way that gives you a framework for in a way that gives you a framework for in a way that gives you a framework for example in the encyclopedia of military example in the encyclopedia of military example in the encyclopedia of military history Trevor dep describes the big history Trevor dep describes the big history Trevor dep describes the big Japanese knockout blow here at batan Japanese knockout blow here at batan Japanese knockout blow here at batan this way this way this way quote Hama reinforced and refitted quote Hama reinforced and refitted quote Hama reinforced and refitted attacked under cover of incessant air attacked under cover of incessant air attacked under cover of incessant air and artillery bombardment bursting and artillery bombardment bursting and artillery bombardment bursting through the Left Flank of second core through the Left Flank of second core through the Left Flank of second core the Japanese forced it back 10 miles the Japanese forced it back 10 miles the Japanese forced it back 10 miles in 48 hours on the left first core bent in 48 hours on the left first core bent in 48 hours on the left first core bent back toward the sea attempted counter back toward the sea attempted counter back toward the sea attempted counter attacks but these were easily repulsed attacks but these were easily repulsed attacks but these were easily repulsed second core second core second core disintegrated end disintegrated end disintegrated end quote General Wayne wri will get a note quote General Wayne wri will get a note quote General Wayne wri will get a note from General MacArthur telling him that from General MacArthur telling him that from General MacArthur telling him that when the supply situation becomes when the supply situation becomes when the supply situation becomes impossible there must be no thought of impossible there must be no thought of impossible there must be no thought of surrender you must attack MacArthur's surrender you must attack MacArthur's surrender you must attack MacArthur's critics have always accused him of critics have always accused him of critics have always accused him of trying to get his name in the history trying to get his name in the history trying to get his name in the history books with a grander story his own Alamo books with a grander story his own Alamo books with a grander story his own Alamo story and that this has nothing to do story and that this has nothing to do story and that this has nothing to do with the military situation because the with the military situation because the with the military situation because the military situation on the ground is military situation on the ground is military situation on the ground is something that Wayne wri is hearing from something that Wayne wri is hearing from something that Wayne wri is hearing from uh his subcommanders including General uh his subcommanders including General uh his subcommanders including General Edward King who is the commander on Edward King who is the commander on Edward King who is the commander on batan and he sends his Messenger to batan and he sends his Messenger to batan and he sends his Messenger to Wayne Wright on April 7th telling him Wayne Wright on April 7th telling him Wayne Wright on April 7th telling him that they may have to that they may have to that they may have to surrender the response the back and surrender the response the back and surrender the response the back and forth here is famous it's heartbreaking forth here is famous it's heartbreaking forth here is famous it's heartbreaking and it's recounted in most of the and it's recounted in most of the and it's recounted in most of the sources but Wayne wri looks up at this sources but Wayne wri looks up at this sources but Wayne wri looks up at this messenger who's a general himself by the

messenger who's a general himself by the messenger who's a general himself by the way and says uh you go back and tell way and says uh you go back and tell way and says uh you go back and tell General King that there will be no General King that there will be no General King that there will be no surrender tell him he will attack those surrender tell him he will attack those surrender tell him he will attack those are my are my are my orders then there's this long silence orders then there's this long silence orders then there's this long silence and then the general who delivered the and then the general who delivered the and then the general who delivered the message who's been with the troops on message who's been with the troops on message who's been with the troops on batan who knows the score says to batan who knows the score says to batan who knows the score says to General Wayne wri general you know what General Wayne wri general you know what General Wayne wri general you know what the situation is over there you know the situation is over there you know the situation is over there you know what the outcome will be and way wri what the outcome will be and way wri what the outcome will be and way wri says I do in a sort of a choked up says I do in a sort of a choked up says I do in a sort of a choked up voice in other words these men now are voice in other words these men now are voice in other words these men now are caught in the gears of history and we're caught in the gears of history and we're caught in the gears of history and we're not really so concerned about their not really so concerned about their not really so concerned about their specific situation at the moment this is specific situation at the moment this is specific situation at the moment this is about bigger things and I'll leave it to about bigger things and I'll leave it to about bigger things and I'll leave it to you to decide which bigger things we're you to decide which bigger things we're you to decide which bigger things we're talking about here but the Counterattack talking about here but the Counterattack talking about here but the Counterattack that those troops are forced to launch that those troops are forced to launch that those troops are forced to launch in the situations where they do because in the situations where they do because in the situations where they do because some of their commanders on the on the some of their commanders on the on the some of their commanders on the on the ground say ground say ground say uh-uh but the ones who do it's brushed uh-uh but the ones who do it's brushed uh-uh but the ones who do it's brushed aside easily The Situation's a disaster aside easily The Situation's a disaster aside easily The Situation's a disaster and general king without telling anyone and general king without telling anyone and general king without telling anyone above him or below him on purpose to above him or below him on purpose to above him or below him on purpose to spare them the spare them the spare them the responsibility responsibility responsibility surrenders 78,000 troops most of them surrenders 78,000 troops most of them surrenders 78,000 troops most of them Filipino but as we said 15 177,000 Filipino but as we said 15 177,000 Filipino but as we said 15 177,000 Americans whichever number you want to Americans whichever number you want to Americans whichever number you want to take it is the largest surrender it's take it is the largest surrender it's take it is the largest surrender it's considered to be the largest surrender considered to be the largest surrender considered to be the largest surrender in US Army history and King thinks he's in US Army history and King thinks he's in US Army history and King thinks he's going to be Court marshal for this going to be Court marshal for this going to be Court marshal for this almost certainly he didn't want to Tar almost certainly he didn't want to Tar almost certainly he didn't want to Tar any of the other people around him with any of the other people around him with any of the other people around him with the the the decision I don't know a lot about decision I don't know a lot about decision I don't know a lot about General King so it's possible I'm

General King so it's possible I'm General King so it's possible I'm misreading this whole thing but doesn't misreading this whole thing but doesn't misreading this whole thing but doesn't he look kind of heroic here like he's he look kind of heroic here like he's he look kind of heroic here like he's going to end the suffering finally of going to end the suffering finally of going to end the suffering finally of these longsuffering troops who put in these longsuffering troops who put in these longsuffering troops who put in more than anyone should have asked them more than anyone should have asked them more than anyone should have asked them to and have resisted longer than anyone to and have resisted longer than anyone to and have resisted longer than anyone thought they could and it's only going thought they could and it's only going thought they could and it's only going to cost him his personal reputation his to cost him his personal reputation his to cost him his personal reputation his career career career uh the embarrassment and tarring and uh the embarrassment and tarring and uh the embarrassment and tarring and Feathering of his Descendants the uh Feathering of his Descendants the uh Feathering of his Descendants the uh destroying of his family name and he destroying of his family name and he destroying of his family name and he comes from a military family and oh yeah comes from a military family and oh yeah comes from a military family and oh yeah the uh Destruction for all history of the uh Destruction for all history of the uh Destruction for all history of his reputation he's going to get into his reputation he's going to get into his reputation he's going to get into that American military history uh uh that American military history uh uh that American military history uh uh history book that every General wants to history book that every General wants to history book that every General wants to make it into but he's going to be on the make it into but he's going to be on the make it into but he's going to be on the page of biggest page of biggest page of biggest losers and he's trying to confine the losers and he's trying to confine the losers and he's trying to confine the damage to his shoulders alone like I damage to his shoulders alone like I damage to his shoulders alone like I said maybe I don't know the whole story said maybe I don't know the whole story said maybe I don't know the whole story but it seems pretty heroic the very but it seems pretty heroic the very but it seems pretty heroic the very opposite of someone like MacArthur who opposite of someone like MacArthur who opposite of someone like MacArthur who simply seems unable to take simply seems unable to take simply seems unable to take responsibility for failure or even admit responsibility for failure or even admit responsibility for failure or even admit that there might be that there might be that there might be failure General Wayne wri on the island failure General Wayne wri on the island failure General Wayne wri on the island of cargador when he gets the news about of cargador when he gets the news about of cargador when he gets the news about King surrendering doesn't quite see it King surrendering doesn't quite see it King surrendering doesn't quite see it that way he's bone tired himself by the that way he's bone tired himself by the that way he's bone tired himself by the way but there's a momentary freak out he way but there's a momentary freak out he way but there's a momentary freak out he can't do that make him take it back and can't do that make him take it back and can't do that make him take it back and all that but the AIDS inform him that all that but the AIDS inform him that all that but the AIDS inform him that it's too late it's a done deal and Wayne it's too late it's a done deal and Wayne it's too late it's a done deal and Wayne Wright's going to get a chance to walk a Wright's going to get a chance to walk a Wright's going to get a chance to walk a mile in General Kings moccasins anyway mile in General Kings moccasins anyway mile in General Kings moccasins anyway cuz within a month he's going to have to cuz within a month he's going to have to cuz within a month he's going to have to do the very same thing on the island of do the very same thing on the island of do the very same thing on the island of cargador going to have to surrender his cargador going to have to surrender his cargador going to have to surrender his 10,000 men the Marines that are with him 10,000 men the Marines that are with him 10,000 men the Marines that are with him because the Japanese will have bombed

because the Japanese will have bombed because the Japanese will have bombed the island for like 27 28 straight days the island for like 27 28 straight days the island for like 27 28 straight days destroyed all the artillery pieces on destroyed all the artillery pieces on destroyed all the artillery pieces on the island shattered everything above the island shattered everything above the island shattered everything above ground and Wayne Wright his staff and ground and Wayne Wright his staff and ground and Wayne Wright his staff and these troops are living in the these troops are living in the these troops are living in the underground tunnel so they finally come underground tunnel so they finally come underground tunnel so they finally come up and there's a photo I recall from up and there's a photo I recall from up and there's a photo I recall from memory of the Japanese pointing their memory of the Japanese pointing their memory of the Japanese pointing their guns at these they look like staff guns at these they look like staff guns at these they look like staff members if I recall you know from members if I recall you know from members if I recall you know from corgador with their hands up and I was corgador with their hands up and I was corgador with their hands up and I was always taught to look at the faces of always taught to look at the faces of always taught to look at the faces of the people in those pictures they're the people in those pictures they're the people in those pictures they're experiencing the most intense moment of experiencing the most intense moment of experiencing the most intense moment of their lives right there and then and their lives right there and then and their lives right there and then and many of them probably figure they do not many of them probably figure they do not many of them probably figure they do not have long left to live the general have long left to live the general have long left to live the general scuttlebutt amongst the American troops scuttlebutt amongst the American troops scuttlebutt amongst the American troops if you read the primary sources was that if you read the primary sources was that if you read the primary sources was that the Japanese didn't take the Japanese didn't take the Japanese didn't take prisoners now we know from our story prisoners now we know from our story prisoners now we know from our story here that well sometimes they did and here that well sometimes they did and here that well sometimes they did and sometimes they did but these people sometimes they did but these people sometimes they did but these people don't know which side of the coin flip don't know which side of the coin flip don't know which side of the coin flip they're going to be on and I have no they're going to be on and I have no they're going to be on and I have no clue at all whether they had heard any clue at all whether they had heard any clue at all whether they had heard any rumors about what it happened to their rumors about what it happened to their rumors about what it happened to their compatriots who had surrendered the compatriots who had surrendered the compatriots who had surrendered the month before on batan but if they had month before on batan but if they had month before on batan but if they had heard heard heard anything it would have filled them with anything it would have filled them with anything it would have filled them with Dread because of the 78 to 80,000 people Dread because of the 78 to 80,000 people Dread because of the 78 to 80,000 people who surrendered at batan only about who surrendered at batan only about who surrendered at batan only about 54,000 everever made it to the Final 54,000 everever made it to the Final 54,000 everever made it to the Final Destination the Final Destination was Destination the Final Destination was Destination the Final Destination was about 60 to 70 mil away these people about 60 to 70 mil away these people about 60 to 70 mil away these people mostly had to do that Tre on foot you mostly had to do that Tre on foot you mostly had to do that Tre on foot you know the condition they were in when know the condition they were in when know the condition they were in when they surrendered one of the downsides to they surrendered one of the downsides to they surrendered one of the downsides to fighting to the very enth of your fighting to the very enth of your fighting to the very enth of your strength is that when you surrender strength is that when you surrender strength is that when you surrender you're a basket case in the hands of

you're a basket case in the hands of you're a basket case in the hands of your captors and what if your captors your captors and what if your captors your captors and what if your captors make you march 60 to 70 miles in 95 make you march 60 to 70 miles in 95 make you march 60 to 70 miles in 95 degree heat with 90% humidity you're degree heat with 90% humidity you're degree heat with 90% humidity you're going to have a death march if there's going to have a death march if there's going to have a death march if there's nothing else involved at all but there's nothing else involved at all but there's nothing else involved at all but there's other things involved too sadism there's other things involved too sadism there's other things involved too sadism there's no other way to put it no other way to put it no other way to put it I had a whole bunch of firsthand I had a whole bunch of firsthand I had a whole bunch of firsthand accounts from people uh from the Death accounts from people uh from the Death accounts from people uh from the Death March I'd actually met one once who March I'd actually met one once who March I'd actually met one once who couldn't even say the word p or captive couldn't even say the word p or captive couldn't even say the word p or captive he used the term guest of the emperor he used the term guest of the emperor he used the term guest of the emperor and he would say when I was the guest of and he would say when I was the guest of and he would say when I was the guest of the emperor but when I looked at these the emperor but when I looked at these the emperor but when I looked at these accounts it was interesting it was accounts it was interesting it was accounts it was interesting it was actually telling all the accounts were actually telling all the accounts were actually telling all the accounts were about individual Japanese soldiers that about individual Japanese soldiers that about individual Japanese soldiers that were just sadistic or torturous or a were just sadistic or torturous or a were just sadistic or torturous or a better word for some of them might be better word for some of them might be better word for some of them might be more more more triumphal we have an idea that troops triumphal we have an idea that troops triumphal we have an idea that troops should behave in a sort of a chivalrous should behave in a sort of a chivalrous should behave in a sort of a chivalrous fashion towards enemy troops that they fashion towards enemy troops that they fashion towards enemy troops that they capture but that's not the norm capture but that's not the norm capture but that's not the norm throughout history is it I mean it's throughout history is it I mean it's throughout history is it I mean it's Eric Berger was talking about how the Eric Berger was talking about how the Eric Berger was talking about how the treatment of captives in P's developed treatment of captives in P's developed treatment of captives in P's developed in Europe over several centuries based in Europe over several centuries based in Europe over several centuries based on a sort of Golden Rule kind of idea on a sort of Golden Rule kind of idea on a sort of Golden Rule kind of idea that you know you treat our captives that you know you treat our captives that you know you treat our captives good and we'll treat your captives well good and we'll treat your captives well good and we'll treat your captives well right so it was you did it for your own right so it was you did it for your own right so it was you did it for your own benefit in a way but that that wasn't benefit in a way but that that wasn't benefit in a way but that that wasn't the shared history everywhere the the shared history everywhere the the shared history everywhere the Japanese did not sign all the same Japanese did not sign all the same Japanese did not sign all the same agreements on prisoner uh treatment and agreements on prisoner uh treatment and agreements on prisoner uh treatment and they pointed this out they pointed this out they pointed this out sometimes there's also some cultural sometimes there's also some cultural sometimes there's also some cultural questions obviously on Japanese thoughts

questions obviously on Japanese thoughts questions obviously on Japanese thoughts on captives and honor and all that sort on captives and honor and all that sort on captives and honor and all that sort of of of stuff but if you're trying to pin this stuff but if you're trying to pin this stuff but if you're trying to pin this on uh the same sort of thing you might on uh the same sort of thing you might on uh the same sort of thing you might see on the Western Front or maybe over see on the Western Front or maybe over see on the Western Front or maybe over in the East where the Germans have a in the East where the Germans have a in the East where the Germans have a homicidal program to wipe out various homicidal program to wipe out various homicidal program to wipe out various peoples it's not the same here you don't peoples it's not the same here you don't peoples it's not the same here you don't have orders from the highest up saying have orders from the highest up saying have orders from the highest up saying Massacre all these people commit all Massacre all these people commit all Massacre all these people commit all these atrocities you have something more these atrocities you have something more these atrocities you have something more akin to the sort of thing that armies akin to the sort of thing that armies akin to the sort of thing that armies have done to defeated enemies forever have done to defeated enemies forever have done to defeated enemies forever just acting like triumphant jerks I mean just acting like triumphant jerks I mean just acting like triumphant jerks I mean you can see videos sometimes or films you can see videos sometimes or films you can see videos sometimes or films from surrenders of troops from the 1970s from surrenders of troops from the 1970s from surrenders of troops from the 1970s 1980s 90s into the 2000s in some 1980s 90s into the 2000s in some 1980s 90s into the 2000s in some countries where you'll see the victors countries where you'll see the victors countries where you'll see the victors running up to the line of paraded running up to the line of paraded running up to the line of paraded captives and you know do throat slashing captives and you know do throat slashing captives and you know do throat slashing gestures or throw things at them or take gestures or throw things at them or take gestures or throw things at them or take them out of line and steal stuff and them out of line and steal stuff and them out of line and steal stuff and then beat them and all the time looking then beat them and all the time looking then beat them and all the time looking for any excuse to shoot anybody well for any excuse to shoot anybody well for any excuse to shoot anybody well that seems to be more than Norm but to that seems to be more than Norm but to that seems to be more than Norm but to us now and even in the mid us now and even in the mid us now and even in the mid 1940s it looked barbaric when General 1940s it looked barbaric when General 1940s it looked barbaric when General King surrendered to his counterpart he King surrendered to his counterpart he King surrendered to his counterpart he said now you're going to treat my men said now you're going to treat my men said now you're going to treat my men well and the counterpart said we are not well and the counterpart said we are not well and the counterpart said we are not barbarians well by the standards of the barbarians well by the standards of the barbarians well by the standards of the British and the British and the British and the Americans you might Americans you might Americans you might be if you look at the number of people be if you look at the number of people be if you look at the number of people who died in Japanese captivity compared

who died in Japanese captivity compared who died in Japanese captivity compared to the number of people who died in to the number of people who died in to the number of people who died in German or Italian captivity it is a huge German or Italian captivity it is a huge German or Italian captivity it is a huge difference Lord Russell of Liverpool uh difference Lord Russell of Liverpool uh difference Lord Russell of Liverpool uh was looking at the stats compiled at the was looking at the stats compiled at the was looking at the stats compiled at the Tokyo war crimes trials and came up with Tokyo war crimes trials and came up with Tokyo war crimes trials and came up with a doozy now this obviously doesn't a doozy now this obviously doesn't a doozy now this obviously doesn't include the Soviet Union or China which include the Soviet Union or China which include the Soviet Union or China which would change these numbers immensely but would change these numbers immensely but would change these numbers immensely but he said a British or American soldier he said a British or American soldier he said a British or American soldier who fell into captivity by the Germans who fell into captivity by the Germans who fell into captivity by the Germans or the Italians had a 4% chance of dying or the Italians had a 4% chance of dying or the Italians had a 4% chance of dying while in captivity a British or American while in captivity a British or American while in captivity a British or American soldier who fell into Japanese hands had soldier who fell into Japanese hands had soldier who fell into Japanese hands had a a a 27% chance of dying before being 27% chance of dying before being 27% chance of dying before being returned home it's not even returned home it's not even returned home it's not even close the most gentle thing you could close the most gentle thing you could close the most gentle thing you could probably say is that the Japanese had a probably say is that the Japanese had a probably say is that the Japanese had a much lower level of priority in terms of much lower level of priority in terms of much lower level of priority in terms of attention and resources towards PS than attention and resources towards PS than attention and resources towards PS than the other major Powers the other major Powers the other major Powers did um the truth is is that guys like did um the truth is is that guys like did um the truth is is that guys like General yamashta who led the Singapore General yamashta who led the Singapore General yamashta who led the Singapore campaign and general Hama who led this campaign and general Hama who led this campaign and general Hama who led this Philippines campaign will both be Philippines campaign will both be Philippines campaign will both be executed by the Allies after the war for executed by the Allies after the war for executed by the Allies after the war for war crimes and probably neither one of war crimes and probably neither one of war crimes and probably neither one of them deserve that if you examine it them deserve that if you examine it them deserve that if you examine it closely both of those generals I mean closely both of those generals I mean closely both of those generals I mean Hama had it set up so that there were Hama had it set up so that there were Hama had it set up so that there were Hospital stops and rest stops and food Hospital stops and rest stops and food Hospital stops and rest stops and food but only for about 24 25,000 people they but only for about 24 25,000 people they but only for about 24 25,000 people they had the same problems with the exposure had the same problems with the exposure had the same problems with the exposure moment and the acid test of combat they moment and the acid test of combat they moment and the acid test of combat they win but they plan for 25,000 prisoners win but they plan for 25,000 prisoners win but they plan for 25,000 prisoners and they end up with and they end up with and they end up with 78,000 well that's going to be chaos

78,000 well that's going to be chaos 78,000 well that's going to be chaos anyway isn't it and if it's not your anyway isn't it and if it's not your anyway isn't it and if it's not your highest priority anyway and if you have highest priority anyway and if you have highest priority anyway and if you have quite a few people amongst you that are quite a few people amongst you that are quite a few people amongst you that are happy you know behaving the same way happy you know behaving the same way happy you know behaving the same way that Egyptian would troops would with that Egyptian would troops would with that Egyptian would troops would with capture Hittites marched through their capture Hittites marched through their capture Hittites marched through their Capital um you have a recipe made for uh Capital um you have a recipe made for uh Capital um you have a recipe made for uh a horrific War crime and the stories are a horrific War crime and the stories are a horrific War crime and the stories are all heartbreaking but they're all like all heartbreaking but they're all like all heartbreaking but they're all like you know these are troops who have not you know these are troops who have not you know these are troops who have not had food for days and the Japanese had food for days and the Japanese had food for days and the Japanese didn't feed them but they'd eat in front didn't feed them but they'd eat in front didn't feed them but they'd eat in front of them and they'd show them bowls of of them and they'd show them bowls of of them and they'd show them bowls of food or theyd come by on their trucks food or theyd come by on their trucks food or theyd come by on their trucks and they'd smack the line of prisoners and they'd smack the line of prisoners and they'd smack the line of prisoners in the head with with their rifle butts in the head with with their rifle butts in the head with with their rifle butts they would wait for any chance to to they would wait for any chance to to they would wait for any chance to to take him out of line and beat them or take him out of line and beat them or take him out of line and beat them or kill them asking for water could get you kill them asking for water could get you kill them asking for water could get you killed there's one story and I was killed there's one story and I was killed there's one story and I was surprised surprised to run into it that surprised surprised to run into it that surprised surprised to run into it that involves General King himself who just involves General King himself who just involves General King himself who just surrendered here he gets to go on the surrendered here he gets to go on the surrendered here he gets to go on the death march too and he doesn't get death march too and he doesn't get death march too and he doesn't get spared the indignity uh this is the one spared the indignity uh this is the one spared the indignity uh this is the one remembrance I'll doe from it because it remembrance I'll doe from it because it remembrance I'll doe from it because it just shows you that this was about a just shows you that this was about a just shows you that this was about a bunch of captive soldiers that were bunch of captive soldiers that were bunch of captive soldiers that were totally in the powers of their captors totally in the powers of their captors totally in the powers of their captors and their captors played with them and their captors played with them and their captors played with them sometimes sometimes sometimes fatally this quote originally appeared fatally this quote originally appeared fatally this quote originally appeared in um Mario machi's book under the in um Mario machi's book under the in um Mario machi's book under the Rising Sun memor of a Japanese prisoner Rising Sun memor of a Japanese prisoner Rising Sun memor of a Japanese prisoner of war and the Survivor he quotes says of war and the Survivor he quotes says of war and the Survivor he quotes says this quote mile after mile the Looting this quote mile after mile the Looting this quote mile after mile the Looting and the beatings continued they cared and the beatings continued they cared and the beatings continued they cared not who they struck high- ranking not who they struck high- ranking not who they struck high- ranking officers were no exception I watched one officers were no exception I watched one officers were no exception I watched one Japanese private attack Major General

Japanese private attack Major General Japanese private attack Major General King the soldier was so short he had to King the soldier was so short he had to King the soldier was so short he had to jump to strike the general in the face jump to strike the general in the face jump to strike the general in the face with his fist he did it time and time with his fist he did it time and time with his fist he did it time and time again and the general just stood there again and the general just stood there again and the general just stood there guards with pointed rifles waited for us guards with pointed rifles waited for us guards with pointed rifles waited for us to do something finally the private gave to do something finally the private gave to do something finally the private gave up in disgust and walked away end quote up in disgust and walked away end quote up in disgust and walked away end quote one is tempted to um give Credence to one is tempted to um give Credence to one is tempted to um give Credence to the Japanese excuses about mistakes and the Japanese excuses about mistakes and the Japanese excuses about mistakes and and misjudgments and these sorts of and misjudgments and these sorts of and misjudgments and these sorts of things right not being things right not being things right not being intentional uh but once again even if intentional uh but once again even if intentional uh but once again even if you have these mistakes if they happen you have these mistakes if they happen you have these mistakes if they happen over and over again it becomes more like over and over again it becomes more like over and over again it becomes more like criminally negligent homicide and Lord criminally negligent homicide and Lord criminally negligent homicide and Lord Russell of Liverpool in the nights of Russell of Liverpool in the nights of Russell of Liverpool in the nights of Bushido wrote this about the Japanese Bushido wrote this about the Japanese Bushido wrote this about the Japanese Tendencies quote from the beginning of Tendencies quote from the beginning of Tendencies quote from the beginning of the Pacific War the generally accepted the Pacific War the generally accepted the Pacific War the generally accepted regulations concerning the custody of regulations concerning the custody of regulations concerning the custody of prisoners of war and civilian internees prisoners of war and civilian internees prisoners of war and civilian internees were flagrantly disregarded prisoners of were flagrantly disregarded prisoners of were flagrantly disregarded prisoners of War were murdered by shooting War were murdered by shooting War were murdered by shooting decapitation drowning and other methods decapitation drowning and other methods decapitation drowning and other methods they died during death marches on which they died during death marches on which they died during death marches on which prisoners of War who were sick and quite prisoners of War who were sick and quite prisoners of War who were sick and quite unfit for any form of exertion were unfit for any form of exertion were unfit for any form of exertion were forced to March for long distances in forced to March for long distances in forced to March for long distances in conditions which even fit troops could conditions which even fit troops could conditions which even fit troops could not have been expected to stand many of not have been expected to stand many of not have been expected to stand many of those who fell out of the column were those who fell out of the column were those who fell out of the column were shot or bayonetted to death by the shot or bayonetted to death by the shot or bayonetted to death by the escort end escort end escort end quote even reading these atrocities when quote even reading these atrocities when quote even reading these atrocities when you read them back to back to back can

you read them back to back to back can you read them back to back to back can make you want to pick up a weapon make you want to pick up a weapon make you want to pick up a weapon yourself and enlist in the cause of yourself and enlist in the cause of yourself and enlist in the cause of righteousness against people that would righteousness against people that would righteousness against people that would do these kinds of things do these kinds of things do these kinds of things so you can only imagine what it must so you can only imagine what it must so you can only imagine what it must have been like for the people actually have been like for the people actually have been like for the people actually living living living this at the same time I'm indebted to this at the same time I'm indebted to this at the same time I'm indebted to some of these historians and authors who some of these historians and authors who some of these historians and authors who made sure to find little shards of made sure to find little shards of made sure to find little shards of humanity in the humanity in the humanity in the story and use them to reflect back on story and use them to reflect back on story and use them to reflect back on the entire situation these sorts of the entire situation these sorts of the entire situation these sorts of atrocities and these kinds of stories atrocities and these kinds of stories atrocities and these kinds of stories even without the propaganda can put you even without the propaganda can put you even without the propaganda can put you in a bit of a trance right a Red Mist in a bit of a trance right a Red Mist in a bit of a trance right a Red Mist clouds your vision and you forget that clouds your vision and you forget that clouds your vision and you forget that were it not for these larger issues that were it not for these larger issues that were it not for these larger issues that human beings have always fought over human beings have always fought over human beings have always fought over resources ideologies power politics you resources ideologies power politics you resources ideologies power politics you know whatever it might be these people know whatever it might be these people know whatever it might be these people probably aren't even in this situation probably aren't even in this situation probably aren't even in this situation and probably have no reason to hate each and probably have no reason to hate each and probably have no reason to hate each other and might even be friends and some other and might even be friends and some other and might even be friends and some of these stories are wonderful one was of these stories are wonderful one was of these stories are wonderful one was uh I forgot where I read it but he uh I forgot where I read it but he uh I forgot where I read it but he talked about a Japanese soldier who talked about a Japanese soldier who talked about a Japanese soldier who jumped off of his tank after noticing jumped off of his tank after noticing jumped off of his tank after noticing one of the captives in the batan death one of the captives in the batan death one of the captives in the batan death march was a classmate from college in march was a classmate from college in march was a classmate from college in the United States and embraced him John the United States and embraced him John the United States and embraced him John Tolland in the Rising Sun tells a story Tolland in the Rising Sun tells a story Tolland in the Rising Sun tells a story of a man an American captive who who's of a man an American captive who who's of a man an American captive who who's being having his stuff stripped from him being having his stuff stripped from him being having his stuff stripped from him including a ring by a Japanese soldier including a ring by a Japanese soldier including a ring by a Japanese soldier and the officer the Japanese officer and the officer the Japanese officer and the officer the Japanese officer walks by notice that the ring is a Notre walks by notice that the ring is a Notre walks by notice that the ring is a Notre Dame class ring strikes the soldier who Dame class ring strikes the soldier who Dame class ring strikes the soldier who who took it who looted it in the face who took it who looted it in the face who took it who looted it in the face gives the ring back and said what year gives the ring back and said what year gives the ring back and said what year did you graduate and the guy said um

did you graduate and the guy said um did you graduate and the guy said um 1935 and the Japanese soldier says uh 1935 and the Japanese soldier says uh 1935 and the Japanese soldier says uh Tolan says with a far away look in his Tolan says with a far away look in his Tolan says with a far away look in his eye said graduated from Southern eye said graduated from Southern eye said graduated from Southern California in California in California in 35 and you think to yourself why are 35 and you think to yourself why are 35 and you think to yourself why are these people hating each other these people hating each other these people hating each other again unfortunately for all of them again unfortunately for all of them again unfortunately for all of them there's a massive amount of karmic debt there's a massive amount of karmic debt there's a massive amount of karmic debt the Japanese military here is acquiring the Japanese military here is acquiring the Japanese military here is acquiring that's going to have to be paid off at that's going to have to be paid off at that's going to have to be paid off at some some some point an enormous amount of hate and point an enormous amount of hate and point an enormous amount of hate and it's fashionable these days to castigate it's fashionable these days to castigate it's fashionable these days to castigate the Allied populations in the latter the Allied populations in the latter the Allied populations in the latter part of the second world war for being part of the second world war for being part of the second world war for being so willing to inflict such crushing so willing to inflict such crushing so willing to inflict such crushing damage to the civilian populations of damage to the civilian populations of damage to the civilian populations of the Axis the Axis the Axis powers but if Ally populations had powers but if Ally populations had powers but if Ally populations had hardened Hearts by that point in the war hardened Hearts by that point in the war hardened Hearts by that point in the war it's important to remember what happened it's important to remember what happened it's important to remember what happened in 1941 and in 1941 and in 1941 and 1942 to help Harden those hearts in the 1942 to help Harden those hearts in the 1942 to help Harden those hearts in the first first first place Saburo yanaga described this part place Saburo yanaga described this part place Saburo yanaga described this part of the war as being on a roller coaster of the war as being on a roller coaster of the war as being on a roller coaster to disaster so far the Japanese have to disaster so far the Japanese have to disaster so far the Japanese have been trending upward but what goes up been trending upward but what goes up been trending upward but what goes up must come down the worm will turn and must come down the worm will turn and must come down the worm will turn and all these karmic debts will be paid in all these karmic debts will be paid in all these karmic debts will be paid in full with interest over the last year or so my interest over the last year or so my work life seems to best resemble an evil

work life seems to best resemble an evil work life seems to best resemble an evil coneval motorcycle jump now I don't mean coneval motorcycle jump now I don't mean coneval motorcycle jump now I don't mean one of those jumps where evil makes it one of those jumps where evil makes it one of those jumps where evil makes it to the other side and everybody's happy to the other side and everybody's happy to the other side and everybody's happy and we celebrate and we interview evil and we celebrate and we interview evil and we celebrate and we interview evil afterwards I mean one of those jumps afterwards I mean one of those jumps afterwards I mean one of those jumps where evil was convinced he's going to where evil was convinced he's going to where evil was convinced he's going to be able to pull this off no problem all be able to pull this off no problem all be able to pull this off no problem all those buses sure I visualized it many those buses sure I visualized it many those buses sure I visualized it many times and then evil goes flying off that times and then evil goes flying off that times and then evil goes flying off that ramp at 100 miles per hour he hits the ramp at 100 miles per hour he hits the ramp at 100 miles per hour he hits the air he's about halfway over these buses air he's about halfway over these buses air he's about halfway over these buses and you're thinking to yourself This and you're thinking to yourself This and you're thinking to yourself This guy's going to make it he's going to guy's going to make it he's going to guy's going to make it he's going to pull it off he gets about two-thirds of pull it off he gets about two-thirds of pull it off he gets about two-thirds of the way over those buses and you can see the way over those buses and you can see the way over those buses and you can see the momentum starts a little bit you go the momentum starts a little bit you go the momentum starts a little bit you go uhoh a little bit farther and your uhoh a little bit farther and your uhoh a little bit farther and your brain's doing the mental calculations brain's doing the mental calculations brain's doing the mental calculations and you think he's not going to make it and you think he's not going to make it and you think he's not going to make it and sure enough before the other ramp and sure enough before the other ramp and sure enough before the other ramp boom onto the buses rolls about 20 times boom onto the buses rolls about 20 times boom onto the buses rolls about 20 times breaks every bone in his body breaks every bone in his body breaks every bone in his body metaphorically speaking that's what the metaphorically speaking that's what the metaphorically speaking that's what the last year feels like for me and I have last year feels like for me and I have last year feels like for me and I have to say metaphorically speaking because to say metaphorically speaking because to say metaphorically speaking because there are people out there who really there are people out there who really there are people out there who really got injured in the last year and I don't got injured in the last year and I don't got injured in the last year and I don't want to be want to be want to be insensitive but it was one of those insensitive but it was one of those insensitive but it was one of those career years where I feel like I aged in career years where I feel like I aged in career years where I feel like I aged in dog years or president years and the dog years or president years and the dog years or president years and the real twist in the knife of the whole real twist in the knife of the whole real twist in the knife of the whole thing is that I didn't get out more thing is that I didn't get out more thing is that I didn't get out more podcasts because of it I got less podcasts because of it I got less podcasts because of it I got less podcasts out but I have an podcasts out but I have an podcasts out but I have an excuse and I hope it helps at least excuse and I hope it helps at least excuse and I hope it helps at least molfy your feelings towards me it is molfy your feelings towards me it is molfy your feelings towards me it is involved in this whole idea of thinking involved in this whole idea of thinking involved in this whole idea of thinking I can keep all these plates spinning and I can keep all these plates spinning and I can keep all these plates spinning and being being being wrong but I have a problem dealing with wrong but I have a problem dealing with wrong but I have a problem dealing with outside opportunity has always been a outside opportunity has always been a outside opportunity has always been a problem for people who have really labor problem for people who have really labor problem for people who have really labor intensive podcast so I'm not alone in intensive podcast so I'm not alone in intensive podcast so I'm not alone in that there's not a lot of slack in most

that there's not a lot of slack in most that there's not a lot of slack in most of those people's schedules but of those people's schedules but of those people's schedules but sometimes the opportunities are too good sometimes the opportunities are too good sometimes the opportunities are too good to pass up so you convince yourself like to pass up so you convince yourself like to pass up so you convince yourself like evil can evil that you can jump those 20 evil can evil that you can jump those 20 evil can evil that you can jump those 20 buses and you end up breaking every buses and you end up breaking every buses and you end up breaking every metaphorical bone in your body so uh the metaphorical bone in your body so uh the metaphorical bone in your body so uh the shows have been few and far between shows have been few and far between shows have been few and far between we're going to try to change that in we're going to try to change that in we're going to try to change that in 2020 get back on the podcast horse and 2020 get back on the podcast horse and 2020 get back on the podcast horse and really uh make up for lost time the really uh make up for lost time the really uh make up for lost time the excuse that I have hopefully mollifies excuse that I have hopefully mollifies excuse that I have hopefully mollifies all the feelings you may have about this all the feelings you may have about this all the feelings you may have about this a little bit and that is that we do have a little bit and that is that we do have a little bit and that is that we do have uh something to show for the time that uh something to show for the time that uh something to show for the time that uh was not spent on the podcast uh was not spent on the podcast uh was not spent on the podcast enough I have a book available if you enough I have a book available if you enough I have a book available if you want it people have been asking for a want it people have been asking for a want it people have been asking for a book for a long time they've been asking book for a long time they've been asking book for a long time they've been asking for any kind of text format for hardcore for any kind of text format for hardcore for any kind of text format for hardcore history and they want transcripts and I history and they want transcripts and I history and they want transcripts and I always say the only reason they want always say the only reason they want always say the only reason they want transcripts is because they've never transcripts is because they've never transcripts is because they've never seen transcripts I've seen them you seen transcripts I've seen them you seen transcripts I've seen them you don't want don't want don't want them the reaction I have when I read the them the reaction I have when I read the them the reaction I have when I read the transcripts is holy cow do I really talk transcripts is holy cow do I really talk transcripts is holy cow do I really talk like that so any text form any like that so any text form any like that so any text form any translation into a foreign language all translation into a foreign language all translation into a foreign language all of this stuff's going to have to be done of this stuff's going to have to be done of this stuff's going to have to be done in some sort of book form and I have a in some sort of book form and I have a in some sort of book form and I have a book for you it's called the end is book for you it's called the end is book for you it's called the end is always need apocalyptic moments from the always need apocalyptic moments from the always need apocalyptic moments from the Bronze Age collapse to nuclear near Bronze Age collapse to nuclear near Bronze Age collapse to nuclear near misses I wrote this over the last year misses I wrote this over the last year misses I wrote this over the last year and a half it involves a lot of the same and a half it involves a lot of the same and a half it involves a lot of the same research DNA if you will that we use for research DNA if you will that we use for research DNA if you will that we use for the podcast it's part of what made that the podcast it's part of what made that the podcast it's part of what made that possible right not having to go and and possible right not having to go and and possible right not having to go and and start from scratch although to be honest start from scratch although to be honest start from scratch although to be honest in some of these stories uh the the the in some of these stories uh the the the in some of these stories uh the the the information has changed so much since we information has changed so much since we information has changed so much since we did shows on them and it was back in the did shows on them and it was back in the did shows on them and it was back in the days when we did really short shows days when we did really short shows days when we did really short shows sometimes so we have a chapter on the

sometimes so we have a chapter on the sometimes so we have a chapter on the Bronze Age collapse for example and we Bronze Age collapse for example and we Bronze Age collapse for example and we did a show called Darkness berries the did a show called Darkness berries the did a show called Darkness berries the Bronze Age years ago there's no Bronze Age years ago there's no Bronze Age years ago there's no resemblance I mean so much has changed resemblance I mean so much has changed resemblance I mean so much has changed but if you've heard all of our podcast but if you've heard all of our podcast but if you've heard all of our podcast some of the DNA the research material some of the DNA the research material some of the DNA the research material The Narrative will will be The Narrative will will be The Narrative will will be familiar but we tie it in to this uh familiar but we tie it in to this uh familiar but we tie it in to this uh subject matter that I kind of vaguely subject matter that I kind of vaguely subject matter that I kind of vaguely knew I was interested in but the editors knew I was interested in but the editors knew I was interested in but the editors forced me to sort of confront in the forced me to sort of confront in the forced me to sort of confront in the same way that I can sit there and go same way that I can sit there and go same way that I can sit there and go sure I have torture books on my sure I have torture books on my sure I have torture books on my bookshelf but that doesn't mean anything bookshelf but that doesn't mean anything bookshelf but that doesn't mean anything the editor said uh why don't you sit the editor said uh why don't you sit the editor said uh why don't you sit down and assemble all your shows on the down and assemble all your shows on the down and assemble all your shows on the floor and look at them and find out if floor and look at them and find out if floor and look at them and find out if you can see any Connecting Threads right you can see any Connecting Threads right you can see any Connecting Threads right some some DNA that ties all of the some some DNA that ties all of the some some DNA that ties all of the subject matter together and it's like subject matter together and it's like subject matter together and it's like doing an ink blot test for some doing an ink blot test for some doing an ink blot test for some psychologist or something you go wow psychologist or something you go wow psychologist or something you go wow really and it's all the stuff you know really and it's all the stuff you know really and it's all the stuff you know and love Statue of Liberty in the sand and love Statue of Liberty in the sand and love Statue of Liberty in the sand civilizations being knocked back to an civilizations being knocked back to an civilizations being knocked back to an earlier level of Technology do tough earlier level of Technology do tough earlier level of Technology do tough times make tough people all the stuff times make tough people all the stuff times make tough people all the stuff that we sort of Revel that we sort of Revel that we sort of Revel in and uh somebody told me once when I in and uh somebody told me once when I in and uh somebody told me once when I was starting the book gave me some good was starting the book gave me some good was starting the book gave me some good advice said any good book should have an advice said any good book should have an advice said any good book should have an argument that you lay out like a argument that you lay out like a argument that you lay out like a hypothesis and then you should argue it hypothesis and then you should argue it hypothesis and then you should argue it and then at the end you should come up and then at the end you should come up and then at the end you should come up with a conclusion and make your point with a conclusion and make your point with a conclusion and make your point and stand by it and I thought oh man and stand by it and I thought oh man and stand by it and I thought oh man then I'm in real trouble because you then I'm in real trouble because you then I'm in real trouble because you know me I mean that would that would be know me I mean that would that would be know me I mean that would that would be so foreign to the people who listen to so foreign to the people who listen to so foreign to the people who listen to the Hardcore History show because well the Hardcore History show because well the Hardcore History show because well as a journalist I'm more of a questions as a journalist I'm more of a questions as a journalist I'm more of a questions kind of person and as a fan of History kind of person and as a fan of History kind of person and as a fan of History I'm not going to be your answer kind of I'm not going to be your answer kind of I'm not going to be your answer kind of person so this book focuses on all those person so this book focuses on all those person so this book focuses on all those questions that I love and they're questions that I love and they're questions that I love and they're questions that people have been questions that people have been questions that people have been examining since ancient Greek

examining since ancient Greek examining since ancient Greek philosophers and way before so they're philosophers and way before so they're philosophers and way before so they're important questions but they're not important questions but they're not important questions but they're not necessarily answerable ones I mean can necessarily answerable ones I mean can necessarily answerable ones I mean can mankind handle the power of their weapon mankind handle the power of their weapon mankind handle the power of their weapon system that is both an important and system that is both an important and system that is both an important and unanswerable question but it doesn't unanswerable question but it doesn't unanswerable question but it doesn't make examining it any less valuable make examining it any less valuable make examining it any less valuable because you don't come up with an because you don't come up with an because you don't come up with an obvious answer right so the book is that obvious answer right so the book is that obvious answer right so the book is that kind of stuff for those who want to know kind of stuff for those who want to know kind of stuff for those who want to know if we did an audiobook version of it we if we did an audiobook version of it we if we did an audiobook version of it we did I recorded it and I would be did I recorded it and I would be did I recorded it and I would be interested in hearing from those of you interested in hearing from those of you interested in hearing from those of you who hear it if you notice any difference who hear it if you notice any difference who hear it if you notice any difference between it and the normal podcast between it and the normal podcast between it and the normal podcast because the normal podcasts are totally because the normal podcasts are totally because the normal podcasts are totally unscripted when I voice the audiobook unscripted when I voice the audiobook unscripted when I voice the audiobook you have to be word perfect so it's you have to be word perfect so it's you have to be word perfect so it's essentially very scripted be curious to essentially very scripted be curious to essentially very scripted be curious to find out which version you prefer or if find out which version you prefer or if find out which version you prefer or if you even notice a difference uh the book you even notice a difference uh the book you even notice a difference uh the book is uh available at the end of October is uh available at the end of October is uh available at the end of October you can pre-order it now as we said the you can pre-order it now as we said the you can pre-order it now as we said the end is always near apocalyptic moments end is always near apocalyptic moments end is always near apocalyptic moments from the Bronze Age collapse to nuclear from the Bronze Age collapse to nuclear from the Bronze Age collapse to nuclear near misses now the other project just near misses now the other project just near misses now the other project just leaving Austin I think we just wrapped leaving Austin I think we just wrapped leaving Austin I think we just wrapped up it was the first official gig it up it was the first official gig it up it was the first official gig it showed up at the Tribeca film festival showed up at the Tribeca film festival showed up at the Tribeca film festival in a stripped down form uh then just in a stripped down form uh then just in a stripped down form uh then just went to Austin I don't know where it's went to Austin I don't know where it's went to Austin I don't know where it's going next but check War remains.com for going next but check War remains.com for going next but check War remains.com for more info it's our World War I immersive more info it's our World War I immersive more info it's our World War I immersive memory is the way we like to call it I memory is the way we like to call it I memory is the way we like to call it I like to call it 15 Minutes in Hell uh like to call it 15 Minutes in Hell uh like to call it 15 Minutes in Hell uh it's the World War I virtual reality it's the World War I virtual reality it's the World War I virtual reality destination experience where you go destination experience where you go destination experience where you go there and the whole environment is there and the whole environment is there and the whole environment is controlled by us including the big floor controlled by us including the big floor controlled by us including the big floor speakers that Skywalker sound put speakers that Skywalker sound put speakers that Skywalker sound put together and all those kind of things uh

together and all those kind of things uh together and all those kind of things uh I call it 15 minutes in hell because I call it 15 minutes in hell because I call it 15 minutes in hell because they wouldn't let me call it 3 and 1 they wouldn't let me call it 3 and 1 they wouldn't let me call it 3 and 1 half hours in Hell first of all it would half hours in Hell first of all it would half hours in Hell first of all it would cost as much as a Star Wars movie or cost as much as a Star Wars movie or cost as much as a Star Wars movie or something like that the second thing is something like that the second thing is something like that the second thing is is that we got big full grown men is that we got big full grown men is that we got big full grown men tapping out sometimes at 12 minutes tapping out sometimes at 12 minutes tapping out sometimes at 12 minutes which I don't understand bunch of wimps which I don't understand bunch of wimps which I don't understand bunch of wimps but it's true uh so maybe three and a but it's true uh so maybe three and a but it's true uh so maybe three and a half hours in hell would be inviting half hours in hell would be inviting half hours in hell would be inviting some sort of post-traumatic stress some sort of post-traumatic stress some sort of post-traumatic stress problems nonetheless people went the problems nonetheless people went the problems nonetheless people went the comments are great we really appreciate comments are great we really appreciate comments are great we really appreciate it go to war remains.com if you want to it go to war remains.com if you want to it go to war remains.com if you want to stay updated on where it might be stay updated on where it might be stay updated on where it might be appearing near you thank you for going appearing near you thank you for going appearing near you thank you for going folks thank you for your patience and folks thank you for your patience and folks thank you for your patience and getting this out out um old Evil's going getting this out out um old Evil's going getting this out out um old Evil's going to pull himself back out of the dust to pull himself back out of the dust to pull himself back out of the dust brush himself off get right back on that brush himself off get right back on that brush himself off get right back on that motorcycle jump a ravine probably with a motorcycle jump a ravine probably with a motorcycle jump a ravine probably with a hardcore history addendum show real soon hardcore history addendum show real soon hardcore history addendum show real soon thank you everybody coming up earlier we compared everybody coming up earlier we compared the surprise attack at Pearl Harbor to the surprise attack at Pearl Harbor to the surprise attack at Pearl Harbor to One professional wrestler attacking One professional wrestler attacking One professional wrestler attacking another popular good guy wrestler while another popular good guy wrestler while another popular good guy wrestler while his back was turned before the Bell his back was turned before the Bell his back was turned before the Bell Rings well the part of the story so far Rings well the part of the story so far Rings well the part of the story so far has been where the surprise attacker is has been where the surprise attacker is has been where the surprise attacker is kicking the popular wrestler senseless kicking the popular wrestler senseless kicking the popular wrestler senseless but at some point if you know that but at some point if you know that but at some point if you know that script the popular good guy will regain script the popular good guy will regain script the popular good guy will regain their wits stand up and begin to issue their wits stand up and begin to issue their wits stand up and begin to issue payback I've seen this happen in real payback I've seen this happen in real payback I've seen this happen in real boxing matches before where one fighter boxing matches before where one fighter boxing matches before where one fighter will come out and Pummel the other one

will come out and Pummel the other one will come out and Pummel the other one mercilessly until the losing fighter mercilessly until the losing fighter mercilessly until the losing fighter will Land one of those blows that will Land one of those blows that will Land one of those blows that completely changes the complexion of the completely changes the complexion of the completely changes the complexion of the rest of the rest of the rest of the fight that stuns the opponent and stays fight that stuns the opponent and stays fight that stuns the opponent and stays with them they never quite are the same with them they never quite are the same with them they never quite are the same afterwards and it turns the entire afterwards and it turns the entire afterwards and it turns the entire tables and momentum and tables and momentum and tables and momentum and everything well that's what's going to everything well that's what's going to everything well that's what's going to happen to the Japanese after a happen to the Japanese after a happen to the Japanese after a particularly disastrous day at Sea in particularly disastrous day at Sea in particularly disastrous day at Sea in 1942 all that and more in part four of 1942 all that and more in part four of 1942 all that and more in part four of supernova in the east