EP25 The Long View

I hear from many of you that say just I hear from many of you that say just turn on the microphone and talk and turn on the microphone and talk and turn on the microphone and talk and it'll be a good show and we'll be glad it'll be a good show and we'll be glad it'll be a good show and we'll be glad to get it to get it to get it so today will perhaps be a test of this so today will perhaps be a test of this so today will perhaps be a test of this Theory's validity Theory's validity Theory's validity what's held up today's show for a while what's held up today's show for a while what's held up today's show for a while now now now is probably some old training in a news is probably some old training in a news is probably some old training in a news business that doesn't exist anymore business that doesn't exist anymore business that doesn't exist anymore where as a youngster learning the ropes where as a youngster learning the ropes where as a youngster learning the ropes you would come back to your editor with you would come back to your editor with you would come back to your editor with some facts some information some quotes some facts some information some quotes some facts some information some quotes some background stuff some background stuff some background stuff um um um and you present it to them and they'd and you present it to them and they'd and you present it to them and they'd say okay what's the story say okay what's the story say okay what's the story right meaning all these elements that right meaning all these elements that right meaning all these elements that you have have the makings for a good you have have the makings for a good you have have the makings for a good news story but what are you trying to news story but what are you trying to news story but what are you trying to say I mean is this a man bites dog story say I mean is this a man bites dog story say I mean is this a man bites dog story or is it a dog bites man Story I mean or is it a dog bites man Story I mean or is it a dog bites man Story I mean you know you don't know you know you don't know you know you don't know a lot of the more complicated stories a lot of the more complicated stories a lot of the more complicated stories require somebody telling you what the require somebody telling you what the require somebody telling you what the story is what does all this mean write story is what does all this mean write story is what does all this mean write all this information you're throwing my all this information you're throwing my all this information you're throwing my way what am I supposed to think way what am I supposed to think way what am I supposed to think and so I was trying to apply that to and so I was trying to apply that to and so I was trying to apply that to Today's Show and it just completely Today's Show and it just completely Today's Show and it just completely discombobulated the entire thing because discombobulated the entire thing because discombobulated the entire thing because I'm not trying to tell you what to think I'm not trying to tell you what to think I'm not trying to tell you what to think at all nor do I have a point at all nor do I have a point at all nor do I have a point sometimes I'll talk to people you know sometimes I'll talk to people you know sometimes I'll talk to people you know via social media or whatever and they'll via social media or whatever and they'll via social media or whatever and they'll say be fun to have dinner with you well say be fun to have dinner with you well say be fun to have dinner with you well this is what dinner might be like I'm this is what dinner might be like I'm this is what dinner might be like I'm just warning you just warning you just warning you a bunch of different things that have

a bunch of different things that have a bunch of different things that have nothing to do with anything else I mean nothing to do with anything else I mean nothing to do with anything else I mean I used to love Larry King's newspaper I used to love Larry King's newspaper I used to love Larry King's newspaper column back in the 80s 1980s at that column back in the 80s 1980s at that column back in the 80s 1980s at that time Larry King was like the busiest man time Larry King was like the busiest man time Larry King was like the busiest man on Earth he did TV he did radio he did a on Earth he did TV he did radio he did a on Earth he did TV he did radio he did a newspaper column and uh looking at him newspaper column and uh looking at him newspaper column and uh looking at him now I have no idea how he accomplished now I have no idea how he accomplished now I have no idea how he accomplished it all but he certainly organized his it all but he certainly organized his it all but he certainly organized his projects in a way that you know took projects in a way that you know took projects in a way that you know took into account how busy he was because the into account how busy he was because the into account how busy he was because the newspaper column was well I don't even newspaper column was well I don't even newspaper column was well I don't even know how to describe it to you imagine know how to describe it to you imagine know how to describe it to you imagine 40 sentences 40 sentences 40 sentences each sentence have have no connection to each sentence have have no connection to each sentence have have no connection to any of the other sentences in the piece any of the other sentences in the piece any of the other sentences in the piece so it would say something like before so it would say something like before so it would say something like before President Reagan heads off to this President Reagan heads off to this President Reagan heads off to this Summit with the Soviet Union he needs to Summit with the Soviet Union he needs to Summit with the Soviet Union he needs to bear in mind you know the words of uh bear in mind you know the words of uh bear in mind you know the words of uh Alexander solzhenitson you know and then Alexander solzhenitson you know and then Alexander solzhenitson you know and then the next one would be I love the way the next one would be I love the way the next one would be I love the way Jackie Kennedy's wearing her hair now it Jackie Kennedy's wearing her hair now it Jackie Kennedy's wearing her hair now it takes years off her life you know it takes years off her life you know it takes years off her life you know it would just be you know the Yankees have would just be you know the Yankees have would just be you know the Yankees have won five in a row keep up this pace and won five in a row keep up this pace and won five in a row keep up this pace and they'll make the playoffs I mean they'll make the playoffs I mean they'll make the playoffs I mean at the same time you kind of understood at the same time you kind of understood at the same time you kind of understood why he did it right it's a way for a why he did it right it's a way for a why he did it right it's a way for a very busy guy to churn out a newspaper very busy guy to churn out a newspaper very busy guy to churn out a newspaper column column column and that's maybe what my thing is going and that's maybe what my thing is going and that's maybe what my thing is going to sound like today where it's all the to sound like today where it's all the to sound like today where it's all the elements of a good news story without elements of a good news story without elements of a good news story without the reporter telling you what the story the reporter telling you what the story the reporter telling you what the story is because I don't know what the story is because I don't know what the story is because I don't know what the story is is is this actually started off as a this actually started off as a this actually started off as a completely different piece with a bunch completely different piece with a bunch completely different piece with a bunch of different strands all of whom all of of different strands all of whom all of of different strands all of whom all of which went nowhere which went nowhere which went nowhere but they just sort of drifted off into but they just sort of drifted off into but they just sort of drifted off into the ether but they all at least emanated

the ether but they all at least emanated the ether but they all at least emanated from the same point I thought that was from the same point I thought that was from the same point I thought that was progress if I could just tie up all progress if I could just tie up all progress if I could just tie up all those loose threads we'd have a heck of those loose threads we'd have a heck of those loose threads we'd have a heck of a show and that's what I spent the last a show and that's what I spent the last a show and that's what I spent the last two weeks trying to do it doesn't really two weeks trying to do it doesn't really two weeks trying to do it doesn't really work and as as I'm trying to do this as work and as as I'm trying to do this as work and as as I'm trying to do this as is normal with an art project like this is normal with an art project like this is normal with an art project like this it takes on a life of its own and it takes on a life of its own and it takes on a life of its own and develops in an area completely you know develops in an area completely you know develops in an area completely you know off in one direction from the original off in one direction from the original off in one direction from the original piece so I have a completely different piece so I have a completely different piece so I have a completely different show in front of me right now and much show in front of me right now and much show in front of me right now and much more in the way of notes than I'm more in the way of notes than I'm more in the way of notes than I'm accustomed to using and I find that if accustomed to using and I find that if accustomed to using and I find that if you have more than just a couple of you have more than just a couple of you have more than just a couple of notes notes notes um it's less helpful than having no um it's less helpful than having no um it's less helpful than having no notes at all I'm drowning in notes now I notes at all I'm drowning in notes now I notes at all I'm drowning in notes now I don't even know where to look and none don't even know where to look and none don't even know where to look and none of it's as I said connected to anything of it's as I said connected to anything of it's as I said connected to anything else it's a whole bunch of facts figures else it's a whole bunch of facts figures else it's a whole bunch of facts figures interviews quotes and data and no Editor interviews quotes and data and no Editor interviews quotes and data and no Editor to tell me what the heck the story is to tell me what the heck the story is to tell me what the heck the story is so let me ask if we're reading the so let me ask if we're reading the so let me ask if we're reading the equivalent forget about like newspapers equivalent forget about like newspapers equivalent forget about like newspapers and what do they say journalism is the and what do they say journalism is the and what do they say journalism is the first draft of History so let's think first draft of History so let's think first draft of History so let's think about this less like the newspaper and about this less like the newspaper and about this less like the newspaper and more like the history book and less like more like the history book and less like more like the history book and less like a human history book than a great giant a human history book than a great giant a human history book than a great giant Galactic history book right the kind of Galactic history book right the kind of Galactic history book right the kind of history books that they're reading on history books that they're reading on history books that they're reading on other planets about the history of this other planets about the history of this other planets about the history of this Galaxy and I'm wondering about the Galaxy and I'm wondering about the Galaxy and I'm wondering about the section that they're going to have on us section that they're going to have on us section that they're going to have on us obviously in a great Galactic history obviously in a great Galactic history obviously in a great Galactic history book everybody's just going to be shrunk book everybody's just going to be shrunk book everybody's just going to be shrunk down to a small little space a little down to a small little space a little down to a small little space a little mention the poor students in Galactic mention the poor students in Galactic mention the poor students in Galactic Middle School are going to have to read Middle School are going to have to read Middle School are going to have to read about you know Earth and humanity and about you know Earth and humanity and about you know Earth and humanity and all that it's just going to be an extra all that it's just going to be an extra all that it's just going to be an extra credit you know assignment on the back credit you know assignment on the back credit you know assignment on the back of a real test but I mean what do you

of a real test but I mean what do you of a real test but I mean what do you think the great galastic history book is think the great galastic history book is think the great galastic history book is going to say in its Earth section when going to say in its Earth section when going to say in its Earth section when it has to condense you know our entire it has to condense you know our entire it has to condense you know our entire existence down to just you know a few existence down to just you know a few existence down to just you know a few points right what's the story here on points right what's the story here on points right what's the story here on this Earth Humanity timeline question this Earth Humanity timeline question this Earth Humanity timeline question and I was thinking about that because and I was thinking about that because and I was thinking about that because the only way of course the only way of course the only way of course to look at a subject like that is to look at a subject like that is to look at a subject like that is through a very through a very through a very in a long lens right you can't just take in a long lens right you can't just take in a long lens right you can't just take 15 20 A.D and say what's uh let's base 15 20 A.D and say what's uh let's base 15 20 A.D and say what's uh let's base it on this year what's Humanity like you it on this year what's Humanity like you it on this year what's Humanity like you got to take a big picture view right got to take a big picture view right got to take a big picture view right well let me start this conversation this well let me start this conversation this well let me start this conversation this dinner conversation that goes nowhere dinner conversation that goes nowhere dinner conversation that goes nowhere off with a gift one of your number gave off with a gift one of your number gave off with a gift one of your number gave me a long time ago now one of the me a long time ago now one of the me a long time ago now one of the greatest gifts I ever got a completely greatest gifts I ever got a completely greatest gifts I ever got a completely outside the box sort of thing and outside the box sort of thing and outside the box sort of thing and completely geared towards my own completely geared towards my own completely geared towards my own personal proclivities right being a personal proclivities right being a personal proclivities right being a history nut uh being a person from a history nut uh being a person from a history nut uh being a person from a country that's uh had many successive country that's uh had many successive country that's uh had many successive waves of immigration from other waves of immigration from other waves of immigration from other countries a person who is of multiple countries a person who is of multiple countries a person who is of multiple nationalities like so many other nationalities like so many other nationalities like so many other Americans and Canadians and Australians Americans and Canadians and Australians Americans and Canadians and Australians and people like that right come from an and people like that right come from an and people like that right come from an immigrant country gonna have a lot of immigrant country gonna have a lot of immigrant country gonna have a lot of different people in you probably different people in you probably different people in you probably so this listener sent me this wonderful so this listener sent me this wonderful so this listener sent me this wonderful gift it was an early version of the DNA gift it was an early version of the DNA gift it was an early version of the DNA ancestry test the genealogy tests ancestry test the genealogy tests ancestry test the genealogy tests now these things are everywhere now but now these things are everywhere now but now these things are everywhere now but this was long before the craze hit very this was long before the craze hit very this was long before the craze hit very early on very outside the box not cheap

early on very outside the box not cheap early on very outside the box not cheap and I was so intrigued by the and I was so intrigued by the and I was so intrigued by the possibilities that I overcame my natural possibilities that I overcame my natural possibilities that I overcame my natural reticence to sharing my genetic code reticence to sharing my genetic code reticence to sharing my genetic code with anyone swabbed my cheek or whatever with anyone swabbed my cheek or whatever with anyone swabbed my cheek or whatever the heck they were asking for back then the heck they were asking for back then the heck they were asking for back then put it back in the mailing uh packet put it back in the mailing uh packet put it back in the mailing uh packet send it to the lab and waited with send it to the lab and waited with send it to the lab and waited with baited breath for the results here to baited breath for the results here to baited breath for the results here to find out exactly how closely the DNA find out exactly how closely the DNA find out exactly how closely the DNA evidence matched the analog family tree evidence matched the analog family tree evidence matched the analog family tree history that like many of you I had also history that like many of you I had also history that like many of you I had also done done done talk to your grandmothers and talk to your grandmothers and talk to your grandmothers and grandfathers about who your you know grandfathers about who your you know grandfathers about who your you know deep ancestors were what countries did deep ancestors were what countries did deep ancestors were what countries did we come from what ethnicities are we and we come from what ethnicities are we and we come from what ethnicities are we and I thought I had the math right you could I thought I had the math right you could I thought I had the math right you could say well if your grandmother on your say well if your grandmother on your say well if your grandmother on your mother's side is half this and half that mother's side is half this and half that mother's side is half this and half that that means you're 12 percent this and I that means you're 12 percent this and I that means you're 12 percent this and I mean I thought I had it figured out but mean I thought I had it figured out but mean I thought I had it figured out but I wanted confirmation that my math was I wanted confirmation that my math was I wanted confirmation that my math was right so I sent away to the DNA test and right so I sent away to the DNA test and right so I sent away to the DNA test and when it came back to me and I opened it when it came back to me and I opened it when it came back to me and I opened it up it was nothing like what I expected instead of answering questions about instead of answering questions about things like my ethnicity things like my ethnicity things like my ethnicity or the percentage of each ethnic group I or the percentage of each ethnic group I or the percentage of each ethnic group I belong to it didn't deal with ethnicity belong to it didn't deal with ethnicity belong to it didn't deal with ethnicity at all at all at all when I opened up this packet of results when I opened up this packet of results when I opened up this packet of results and I'm going you know I'm not this and I'm going you know I'm not this and I'm going you know I'm not this isn't just putting in fake numbers here isn't just putting in fake numbers here isn't just putting in fake numbers here but I mean it was something akin to uh but I mean it was something akin to uh but I mean it was something akin to uh you open it up and it says your you open it up and it says your you open it up and it says your ancestors moved out of Africa 150 000 ancestors moved out of Africa 150 000 ancestors moved out of Africa 150 000 years ago into what's now Southern years ago into what's now Southern years ago into what's now Southern Russia they lingered there for another Russia they lingered there for another Russia they lingered there for another 50 000 years before heading I mean it 50 000 years before heading I mean it 50 000 years before heading I mean it was one of those sorts of things in was one of those sorts of things in was one of those sorts of things in other words

other words other words it was deep genealogy deep ancestry it it was deep genealogy deep ancestry it it was deep genealogy deep ancestry it never even got to the point where Modern never even got to the point where Modern never even got to the point where Modern ethnicities developed right stopped ethnicities developed right stopped ethnicities developed right stopped before then so instead of finding out before then so instead of finding out before then so instead of finding out exactly how Irish or Scandinavian or exactly how Irish or Scandinavian or exactly how Irish or Scandinavian or whatever it might be you were all you whatever it might be you were all you whatever it might be you were all you found out about was what your you know found out about was what your you know found out about was what your you know the equivalent of your caveman ancestors the equivalent of your caveman ancestors the equivalent of your caveman ancestors were doing and at first I was disappointed because and at first I was disappointed because this was not what I was expecting nor this was not what I was expecting nor this was not what I was expecting nor what I was after but I've had the what I was after but I've had the what I was after but I've had the opportunity many times since opportunity many times since opportunity many times since to think about this to think about this to think about this to think what this DNA test was to think what this DNA test was to think what this DNA test was reminding me about reminding me about reminding me about that was reminding me about how long that was reminding me about how long that was reminding me about how long anatomically modern human beings have anatomically modern human beings have anatomically modern human beings have been around been around been around and it's important to remember this and it's important to remember this and it's important to remember this because it is the vast vast majority because it is the vast vast majority because it is the vast vast majority of of of you know the time that we've spent on you know the time that we've spent on you know the time that we've spent on this planet that happened before we this planet that happened before we this planet that happened before we started paying any real attention to started paying any real attention to started paying any real attention to ourselves in the history books and by ourselves in the history books and by ourselves in the history books and by that I mean you know how old your that I mean you know how old your that I mean you know how old your history books are in terms of how far history books are in terms of how far history books are in terms of how far back they go right back they go right back they go right now modern history combines with now modern history combines with now modern history combines with archeology and anthropology and about a archeology and anthropology and about a archeology and anthropology and about a hundred other wonderful modern hundred other wonderful modern hundred other wonderful modern scientific Specialists whose job it is scientific Specialists whose job it is scientific Specialists whose job it is to uncover the prehistoric past but to uncover the prehistoric past but to uncover the prehistoric past but traditionally history started with traditionally history started with traditionally history started with writing writing writing and writing started with Urban societies and writing started with Urban societies and writing started with Urban societies and so you know the history books I have and so you know the history books I have and so you know the history books I have from 1950 start with like Mesopotamia

from 1950 start with like Mesopotamia from 1950 start with like Mesopotamia and Sumeria and Sumeria and Sumeria the implication not the stated the implication not the stated the implication not the stated necessarily sometimes stated but but necessarily sometimes stated but but necessarily sometimes stated but but usually not stated is is that nothing of usually not stated is is that nothing of usually not stated is is that nothing of real value happened before urbanism and real value happened before urbanism and real value happened before urbanism and writing and all these sorts of things writing and all these sorts of things writing and all these sorts of things and there was also this implied idea and there was also this implied idea and there was also this implied idea that anything of value that even that anything of value that even that anything of value that even happened afterwards happened in the happened afterwards happened in the happened afterwards happened in the societies that were doing these things societies that were doing these things societies that were doing these things that set these new modern humans apart that set these new modern humans apart that set these new modern humans apart from all the humans that came beforehand from all the humans that came beforehand from all the humans that came beforehand right the humans that existed before right the humans that existed before right the humans that existed before cities and writing and complex modern cities and writing and complex modern cities and writing and complex modern societies but that's the vast vast vast societies but that's the vast vast vast societies but that's the vast vast vast majority of time majority of time majority of time right anatomically modern human beings right anatomically modern human beings right anatomically modern human beings have been around and this is the current have been around and this is the current have been around and this is the current number the current number changes right number the current number changes right number the current number changes right it's it keeps getting revised earlier it's it keeps getting revised earlier it's it keeps getting revised earlier and earlier I'm just going to try to be and earlier I'm just going to try to be and earlier I'm just going to try to be really safe here and say anatomically really safe here and say anatomically really safe here and say anatomically modern human beings have been around modern human beings have been around modern human beings have been around from between 250 and 350 000 years ago from between 250 and 350 000 years ago from between 250 and 350 000 years ago let that sink in for a minute 250 000 to let that sink in for a minute 250 000 to let that sink in for a minute 250 000 to 350 000 years ago let's just take three 350 000 years ago let's just take three 350 000 years ago let's just take three hundred thousand as a good round current hundred thousand as a good round current hundred thousand as a good round current number 300 number 300 number 300 000 years now this doesn't take into 000 years now this doesn't take into 000 years now this doesn't take into account previous versions of humanity account previous versions of humanity account previous versions of humanity which lived at the same time there's which lived at the same time there's which lived at the same time there's some overlap right neanderthals are here some overlap right neanderthals are here some overlap right neanderthals are here when modern human beings are too there's when modern human beings are too there's when modern human beings are too there's interbreeding going on right that's interbreeding going on right that's interbreeding going on right that's another fascinating part of human another fascinating part of human another fascinating part of human history history history so we have anatomically modern human

so we have anatomically modern human so we have anatomically modern human beings 300 000 years ago I was doing beings 300 000 years ago I was doing beings 300 000 years ago I was doing some preliminary research for this just some preliminary research for this just some preliminary research for this just so I didn't send like too much of an so I didn't send like too much of an so I didn't send like too much of an idiot and there was a distinction made idiot and there was a distinction made idiot and there was a distinction made um with anthropologists between um with anthropologists between um with anthropologists between anatomically modern human beings and anatomically modern human beings and anatomically modern human beings and behaviorally modern human beings behaviorally modern human beings behaviorally modern human beings now I'm not sure what that necessarily now I'm not sure what that necessarily now I'm not sure what that necessarily means but I think they're talking about means but I think they're talking about means but I think they're talking about things like use of fire things like use of fire things like use of fire um and that sort of deal I I'm not sure um and that sort of deal I I'm not sure um and that sort of deal I I'm not sure but even that was suitably ancient but even that was suitably ancient but even that was suitably ancient something like 150 000 years ago just something like 150 000 years ago just something like 150 000 years ago just for comparison's sake for comparison's sake for comparison's sake now if we remember now if we remember now if we remember that the human history that our history that the human history that our history that the human history that our history books from 1950 would have said began books from 1950 would have said began books from 1950 would have said began began about five or six thousand years began about five or six thousand years began about five or six thousand years ago ago ago well when you have 300 000 years that well when you have 300 000 years that well when you have 300 000 years that you're playing with five or six thousand you're playing with five or six thousand you're playing with five or six thousand years is the very most recent edge of years is the very most recent edge of years is the very most recent edge of that entire history right that entire history right that entire history right the vast vast majority of the history of the vast vast majority of the history of the vast vast majority of the history of the human species predates where your the human species predates where your the human species predates where your history books start history books start history books start and there are well there are probably and there are well there are probably and there are well there are probably multiple ways of looking multiple ways of looking multiple ways of looking um at this but let me just look at it in um at this but let me just look at it in um at this but let me just look at it in sort of a pass fail way right two ways sort of a pass fail way right two ways sort of a pass fail way right two ways one way of looking at this is that all one way of looking at this is that all one way of looking at this is that all of human activity going on before what of human activity going on before what of human activity going on before what my 1950s history book would consider to my 1950s history book would consider to my 1950s history book would consider to be the important time when things get

be the important time when things get be the important time when things get started although they might have said started although they might have said started although they might have said the important time is the Agricultural the important time is the Agricultural the important time is the Agricultural Revolution right a date that also keeps Revolution right a date that also keeps Revolution right a date that also keeps getting pushed back getting pushed back getting pushed back but that would still mean the vast but that would still mean the vast but that would still mean the vast majority of human history happened majority of human history happened majority of human history happened before the Agricultural Revolution the before the Agricultural Revolution the before the Agricultural Revolution the point is is that if you point is is that if you point is is that if you try to Envision what's going on in that try to Envision what's going on in that try to Envision what's going on in that period before you know Real History period before you know Real History period before you know Real History begins it can either be something like a begins it can either be something like a begins it can either be something like a more complex version of like chimpanzee more complex version of like chimpanzee more complex version of like chimpanzee life life life right what societies of chimpanzees live right what societies of chimpanzees live right what societies of chimpanzees live like and what their daily activities are like and what their daily activities are like and what their daily activities are concerned with and their social concerned with and their social concerned with and their social structure and I mean obviously more structure and I mean obviously more structure and I mean obviously more complex like chimpanzees with fire complex like chimpanzees with fire complex like chimpanzees with fire chimpanzees with very modest religious chimpanzees with very modest religious chimpanzees with very modest religious you know understanding more complex you know understanding more complex you know understanding more complex chimps right chimps right chimps right and I think that's very possible you go and I think that's very possible you go and I think that's very possible you go look at you know cavemen in air quotes look at you know cavemen in air quotes look at you know cavemen in air quotes caveman society that looks a little to caveman society that looks a little to caveman society that looks a little to me like complex Apes me like complex Apes me like complex Apes but it doesn't necessarily have to be but it doesn't necessarily have to be but it doesn't necessarily have to be that way there's also like the Middle that way there's also like the Middle that way there's also like the Middle Earth possibility and you know for those Earth possibility and you know for those Earth possibility and you know for those who don't know who don't know who don't know um tolkien's JRR tolkien's Lord of the um tolkien's JRR tolkien's Lord of the um tolkien's JRR tolkien's Lord of the Rings idea of this thing called Middle Rings idea of this thing called Middle Rings idea of this thing called Middle Earth is not a place Earth is not a place Earth is not a place Middle Earth is a time period in our own Middle Earth is a time period in our own Middle Earth is a time period in our own world and it's supposed to have existed world and it's supposed to have existed world and it's supposed to have existed before the so-called age of man began so before the so-called age of man began so before the so-called age of man began so it's deep prehistory and I guess with it's deep prehistory and I guess with it's deep prehistory and I guess with the age of man beginning you know the age of man beginning you know the age of man beginning you know Sumeria is in their future

well based on this idea is the idea that well based on this idea is the idea that there might have been all kinds of there might have been all kinds of there might have been all kinds of fascinating things going on in terms of fascinating things going on in terms of fascinating things going on in terms of the great human story just maybe on a the great human story just maybe on a the great human story just maybe on a much smaller scale right as much smaller much smaller scale right as much smaller much smaller scale right as much smaller venue a much more tight locality but the venue a much more tight locality but the venue a much more tight locality but the same sorts of drama and romances and same sorts of drama and romances and same sorts of drama and romances and great Wars and big leaders and heroes great Wars and big leaders and heroes great Wars and big leaders and heroes and villains and I mean in other words and villains and I mean in other words and villains and I mean in other words the exact same human story we have in the exact same human story we have in the exact same human story we have in the last six thousand years of human the last six thousand years of human the last six thousand years of human history just earlier smaller history just earlier smaller history just earlier smaller there's that old line the quantity has a there's that old line the quantity has a there's that old line the quantity has a quality all its own well 300 000 years quality all its own well 300 000 years quality all its own well 300 000 years of History seems to give you enough time of History seems to give you enough time of History seems to give you enough time for a bunch of good stories to happen for a bunch of good stories to happen for a bunch of good stories to happen even if they're happening you know in a even if they're happening you know in a even if they're happening you know in a much slower Pace than they happen in the much slower Pace than they happen in the much slower Pace than they happen in the modern world I would think modern world I would think modern world I would think if that great Galactic history book you if that great Galactic history book you if that great Galactic history book you know it had the aliens monitoring the know it had the aliens monitoring the know it had the aliens monitoring the first 300 000 years of human history first 300 000 years of human history first 300 000 years of human history maybe they have some good stories in it maybe they have some good stories in it maybe they have some good stories in it that we don't know anything about that we don't know anything about that we don't know anything about but I've often wondered about the you but I've often wondered about the you but I've often wondered about the you know greatness of prehistory know greatness of prehistory know greatness of prehistory there's a line from Gwen Dyer's fabulous there's a line from Gwen Dyer's fabulous there's a line from Gwen Dyer's fabulous um late 70s early 1980s um late 70s early 1980s um late 70s early 1980s uh uh uh documentary on war where he had wondered documentary on war where he had wondered documentary on war where he had wondered about the first time a thousand human about the first time a thousand human about the first time a thousand human beings had ever gathered in the same beings had ever gathered in the same beings had ever gathered in the same place at the same time you know a very place at the same time you know a very place at the same time you know a very early pre-history question and he early pre-history question and he early pre-history question and he thought it likely that the first time a thought it likely that the first time a thought it likely that the first time a thousand people were ever in the same thousand people were ever in the same thousand people were ever in the same place at the same time it was because a place at the same time it was because a place at the same time it was because a battle was happening battle was happening battle was happening when that makes you think of all the when that makes you think of all the when that makes you think of all the prehistoric battles right when was the

prehistoric battles right when was the prehistoric battles right when was the first time an army of 500 men absolutely first time an army of 500 men absolutely first time an army of 500 men absolutely knocked everybody over in terms of its knocked everybody over in terms of its knocked everybody over in terms of its size wow 500 men can you believe it size wow 500 men can you believe it size wow 500 men can you believe it nobody's ever had an army that big nobody's ever had an army that big nobody's ever had an army that big where the first great Empire even on the where the first great Empire even on the where the first great Empire even on the you know the first great Empire might you know the first great Empire might you know the first great Empire might have been 20 miles long and five miles have been 20 miles long and five miles have been 20 miles long and five miles wide and but if that's the biggest wide and but if that's the biggest wide and but if that's the biggest amount of territory that's ever been amount of territory that's ever been amount of territory that's ever been controlled by one people over another controlled by one people over another controlled by one people over another that's an Empire isn't it by the strict that's an Empire isn't it by the strict that's an Empire isn't it by the strict definition of the terms so I think about definition of the terms so I think about definition of the terms so I think about all these sorts of things all these sorts of things all these sorts of things who was the first great king and we have who was the first great king and we have who was the first great king and we have to remember too when it comes to things to remember too when it comes to things to remember too when it comes to things like so-called pre-history pre-history like so-called pre-history pre-history like so-called pre-history pre-history and history happen at different times in and history happen at different times in and history happen at different times in different places don't they just because different places don't they just because different places don't they just because history started in a place like Sumeria history started in a place like Sumeria history started in a place like Sumeria in 3200 BCE it's still dark as heck in in 3200 BCE it's still dark as heck in in 3200 BCE it's still dark as heck in terms of prehistory not that far away terms of prehistory not that far away terms of prehistory not that far away from Sumeria isn't it you're going to from Sumeria isn't it you're going to from Sumeria isn't it you're going to talk about the various nomadic tribes talk about the various nomadic tribes talk about the various nomadic tribes living outside the walls of a city like living outside the walls of a city like living outside the walls of a city like ore or something well it's still ore or something well it's still ore or something well it's still prehistory in their Community isn't it prehistory in their Community isn't it prehistory in their Community isn't it and that applies all the way up to and that applies all the way up to and that applies all the way up to modern times I mean the history of modern times I mean the history of modern times I mean the history of Native American or African tribal Native American or African tribal Native American or African tribal peoples that didn't pay attention to peoples that didn't pay attention to peoples that didn't pay attention to writing or didn't write that's all stuff writing or didn't write that's all stuff writing or didn't write that's all stuff that's dark to us now their history begins when it starts their history begins when it starts being written down by somebody being written down by somebody being written down by somebody themselves or some Outsider group themselves or some Outsider group themselves or some Outsider group makes you think about all the history

makes you think about all the history makes you think about all the history that existed that didn't get written that existed that didn't get written that existed that didn't get written down so I think about this all the time down so I think about this all the time down so I think about this all the time though and ever since that DNA test though and ever since that DNA test though and ever since that DNA test specifically because I try to keep track specifically because I try to keep track specifically because I try to keep track of what I like to call the Long View of what I like to call the Long View of what I like to call the Long View right looking at history in terms of right looking at history in terms of right looking at history in terms of um they'd probably say in one of the new um they'd probably say in one of the new um they'd probably say in one of the new kinds of books that get marketed all the kinds of books that get marketed all the kinds of books that get marketed all the time the mega Trends right but there are certain elements of but there are certain elements of human behavior and conduct and activity human behavior and conduct and activity human behavior and conduct and activity and what one might say make up the and what one might say make up the and what one might say make up the general pieces of information in the general pieces of information in the general pieces of information in the great Galactic history book that implies great Galactic history book that implies great Galactic history book that implies that there is some kind of story right that there is some kind of story right that there is some kind of story right we have lots of facts and interviews and we have lots of facts and interviews and we have lots of facts and interviews and data but the you know galactic history data but the you know galactic history data but the you know galactic history book writer of the future is going to book writer of the future is going to book writer of the future is going to have to try to come up because his have to try to come up because his have to try to come up because his editor is going to make him with what it editor is going to make him with what it editor is going to make him with what it all means when you're talking about all means when you're talking about all means when you're talking about these human beings on this planet for these human beings on this planet for these human beings on this planet for several hundred thousand years what's several hundred thousand years what's several hundred thousand years what's the story I was writing down some of the things I was writing down some of the things that just seemed to be constants with us that just seemed to be constants with us that just seemed to be constants with us because some problems of course are because some problems of course are because some problems of course are temporary others are created by temporary others are created by temporary others are created by circumstances in your time period but circumstances in your time period but circumstances in your time period but some just seem to be ever present no some just seem to be ever present no some just seem to be ever present no matter you know how long the lens we're matter you know how long the lens we're matter you know how long the lens we're viewing our past is I mean there seems viewing our past is I mean there seems viewing our past is I mean there seems to always be war and conflict to always be war and conflict to always be war and conflict there is no sustained period of time there is no sustained period of time there is no sustained period of time that I've ever seen where people aren't that I've ever seen where people aren't that I've ever seen where people aren't fighting fighting fighting there used to be an idea and this is

there used to be an idea and this is there used to be an idea and this is because both history and many other because both history and many other because both history and many other disciplines are connected to the trends disciplines are connected to the trends disciplines are connected to the trends of human society during the time period of human society during the time period of human society during the time period that they arise that's a famous problem that they arise that's a famous problem that they arise that's a famous problem in history isn't it main thing they try in history isn't it main thing they try in history isn't it main thing they try to teach you in historiography is how to teach you in historiography is how to teach you in historiography is how the heck do you weed out the corruption the heck do you weed out the corruption the heck do you weed out the corruption that the historians operating within that the historians operating within that the historians operating within their own time period as we all do their own time period as we all do their own time period as we all do Infuse into how they're assessing the Infuse into how they're assessing the Infuse into how they're assessing the material right how do you divorce the material right how do you divorce the material right how do you divorce the historian and the times that they're historian and the times that they're historian and the times that they're working in from the times that they're working in from the times that they're working in from the times that they're assessing and this is a problem that we assessing and this is a problem that we assessing and this is a problem that we all have even today right and when I was a kid it was during this and when I was a kid it was during this period where there were quite a few period where there were quite a few period where there were quite a few people who were trying to insinuate that people who were trying to insinuate that people who were trying to insinuate that something like war and conflict between something like war and conflict between something like war and conflict between human beings especially organized human beings especially organized human beings especially organized conflict was something that only conflict was something that only conflict was something that only developed with cities that we lived a developed with cities that we lived a developed with cities that we lived a more Garden of Eden type existence a more Garden of Eden type existence a more Garden of Eden type existence a more Gathering of the tribes kind of more Gathering of the tribes kind of more Gathering of the tribes kind of existence before cities ruined it all existence before cities ruined it all existence before cities ruined it all for everybody and that man or woman or for everybody and that man or woman or for everybody and that man or woman or Humanity in their natural state is of a Humanity in their natural state is of a Humanity in their natural state is of a peaceful helping nature peaceful helping nature peaceful helping nature well there's enough stuff today I would well there's enough stuff today I would well there's enough stuff today I would say and this is my own personal bias say and this is my own personal bias say and this is my own personal bias coming in because I choose the sources coming in because I choose the sources coming in because I choose the sources as we all do that sound right to me but as we all do that sound right to me but as we all do that sound right to me but put me in the camp of those put me in the camp of those put me in the camp of those anthropologists and archaeologists anthropologists and archaeologists anthropologists and archaeologists who've come out and said ah the evidence who've come out and said ah the evidence who've come out and said ah the evidence seems to indicate we're pretty murderous seems to indicate we're pretty murderous seems to indicate we're pretty murderous species and that we were pretty

species and that we were pretty species and that we were pretty murderous species before someone started murderous species before someone started murderous species before someone started writing down exactly how murderous we writing down exactly how murderous we writing down exactly how murderous we were were were war and human conflict and genocide and war and human conflict and genocide and war and human conflict and genocide and things like ethnic cleansing this stuff things like ethnic cleansing this stuff things like ethnic cleansing this stuff seems to have always been with us and if seems to have always been with us and if seems to have always been with us and if you doubt the ability of you know you doubt the ability of you know you doubt the ability of you know peoples in a much lower state of peoples in a much lower state of peoples in a much lower state of organized development to be that way organized development to be that way organized development to be that way just go look at chimpanzee Society now just go look at chimpanzee Society now just go look at chimpanzee Society now if you watch chimpanzees for a while and if you watch chimpanzees for a while and if you watch chimpanzees for a while and you get a pretty darn good idea of just you get a pretty darn good idea of just you get a pretty darn good idea of just how murderous and hierarchical and how murderous and hierarchical and how murderous and hierarchical and everything else we could be because the everything else we could be because the everything else we could be because the chimpanzees I mean it's almost like chimpanzees I mean it's almost like chimpanzees I mean it's almost like holding up an embarrassing mirror when holding up an embarrassing mirror when holding up an embarrassing mirror when you go watch them because you go wow I you go watch them because you go wow I you go watch them because you go wow I see all these same elements still in us see all these same elements still in us see all these same elements still in us today we may think of ourselves so far today we may think of ourselves so far today we may think of ourselves so far removed but certain of the base level removed but certain of the base level removed but certain of the base level things seem pretty unchanged if you ask things seem pretty unchanged if you ask things seem pretty unchanged if you ask me me me and War and conflict and domination and and War and conflict and domination and and War and conflict and domination and those sorts of things seem to be pretty those sorts of things seem to be pretty those sorts of things seem to be pretty developed in chimpanzee Society developed in chimpanzee Society developed in chimpanzee Society especially for a bunch of non-humans and especially for a bunch of non-humans and especially for a bunch of non-humans and I think um we still exhibit those things I think um we still exhibit those things I think um we still exhibit those things today so that's a pretty much of a today so that's a pretty much of a today so that's a pretty much of a constant when I try to gain some constant when I try to gain some constant when I try to gain some perspective on Humanity as a species perspective on Humanity as a species perspective on Humanity as a species over the Long View ethnicity and immigration ethnicity and immigration these are things that are still a big these are things that are still a big these are things that are still a big part of news stories today you could part of news stories today you could part of news stories today you could throw colonialization in there too and throw colonialization in there too and throw colonialization in there too and these things seem to be ever present in these things seem to be ever present in these things seem to be ever present in the you know historical Chronicles too

the you know historical Chronicles too the you know historical Chronicles too and seem likely to have existed before and seem likely to have existed before and seem likely to have existed before history did as well right same same history did as well right same same history did as well right same same things we have problems with and one of things we have problems with and one of things we have problems with and one of the great things about the Long View I the great things about the Long View I the great things about the Long View I feel like is the fact that it absolutely feel like is the fact that it absolutely feel like is the fact that it absolutely takes the ethnicity issue takes the ethnicity issue takes the ethnicity issue and makes it a non-issue over the Long and makes it a non-issue over the Long and makes it a non-issue over the Long Haul because what people and I think Haul because what people and I think Haul because what people and I think we've been we've been we've been maybe corrupted is not a bad way to put maybe corrupted is not a bad way to put maybe corrupted is not a bad way to put it corrupted by 19th and early 20th it corrupted by 19th and early 20th it corrupted by 19th and early 20th century historiography century historiography century historiography and the fact that just as it always is and the fact that just as it always is and the fact that just as it always is history and history writing and history history and history writing and history history and history writing and history research and history teaching is research and history teaching is research and history teaching is intimately wound up and intertwined with intimately wound up and intertwined with intimately wound up and intertwined with the values and attitudes of the time the values and attitudes of the time the values and attitudes of the time period where the writing the teaching period where the writing the teaching period where the writing the teaching and the reading is going on right and in and the reading is going on right and in and the reading is going on right and in the 19th century especially you have a the 19th century especially you have a the 19th century especially you have a time period where nation states are in time period where nation states are in time period where nation states are in search of their Roots they're doing search of their Roots they're doing search of their Roots they're doing their own National version of my DNA their own National version of my DNA their own National version of my DNA ethnicity test ethnicity test ethnicity test trying to find out where they come from trying to find out where they come from trying to find out where they come from but a lot of this isn't just an but a lot of this isn't just an but a lot of this isn't just an open-ended uh in search of and we'll go open-ended uh in search of and we'll go open-ended uh in search of and we'll go wherever the data leads this kind of wherever the data leads this kind of wherever the data leads this kind of thing it's goal oriented I mean everyone thing it's goal oriented I mean everyone thing it's goal oriented I mean everyone wants to come from some wonderfully wants to come from some wonderfully wants to come from some wonderfully August glorious historical lineage August glorious historical lineage August glorious historical lineage nobody wants to be the descendants of a nobody wants to be the descendants of a nobody wants to be the descendants of a couple of peasants or a couple of surfs couple of peasants or a couple of surfs couple of peasants or a couple of surfs we all want to be we all want to be we all want to be um you know descended from great peoples um you know descended from great peoples um you know descended from great peoples and kings and you know societies that

and kings and you know societies that and kings and you know societies that made an impact on on the past right we made an impact on on the past right we made an impact on on the past right we all want Royal lineage historically all want Royal lineage historically all want Royal lineage historically speaking speaking speaking that's why the 19th century spawned all that's why the 19th century spawned all that's why the 19th century spawned all these you know connections to these you know connections to these you know connections to pre-nation States mean that the French pre-nation States mean that the French pre-nation States mean that the French started started started glorifying their Golic past the Germans glorifying their Golic past the Germans glorifying their Golic past the Germans you know their Germanic histories and you know their Germanic histories and you know their Germanic histories and you go look at the statues they put up you go look at the statues they put up you go look at the statues they put up in their wonderfully romantic figures in their wonderfully romantic figures in their wonderfully romantic figures right right right but how's that any different from uh but how's that any different from uh but how's that any different from uh modern day Italians celebrating their modern day Italians celebrating their modern day Italians celebrating their Roman past or current Greek citizens Roman past or current Greek citizens Roman past or current Greek citizens celebrating their celebrating their celebrating their famous ancient Greek history and on and famous ancient Greek history and on and famous ancient Greek history and on and on and on right on and on right on and on right they're hardly the only ones I mean a they're hardly the only ones I mean a they're hardly the only ones I mean a lot of people were infected by this 19th lot of people were infected by this 19th lot of people were infected by this 19th century century century desire to tie one's modern people to desire to tie one's modern people to desire to tie one's modern people to some some some ancient ancestors some glorious exalted ancient ancestors some glorious exalted ancient ancestors some glorious exalted ancient ancestor I mean the Kurds ancient ancestor I mean the Kurds ancient ancestor I mean the Kurds there's a belief in Kurdish society that there's a belief in Kurdish society that there's a belief in Kurdish society that their descendants of the ancient medes their descendants of the ancient medes their descendants of the ancient medes right Partners in Empire with the right Partners in Empire with the right Partners in Empire with the ancient Persians ancient Persians ancient Persians syrians today believe themselves and syrians today believe themselves and syrians today believe themselves and I've seen articles that back them up on I've seen articles that back them up on I've seen articles that back them up on this and articles that disagree so I I this and articles that disagree so I I this and articles that disagree so I I can't make it of any syrians today can't make it of any syrians today can't make it of any syrians today consider themselves to be the consider themselves to be the consider themselves to be the descendants of the ancient Assyrians I descendants of the ancient Assyrians I descendants of the ancient Assyrians I mean everybody's looking for glorious mean everybody's looking for glorious mean everybody's looking for glorious ancestors right and the truth is is some ancestors right and the truth is is some ancestors right and the truth is is some people have them I mean DNA seems to people have them I mean DNA seems to people have them I mean DNA seems to show uh waiting as always when we talk

show uh waiting as always when we talk show uh waiting as always when we talk about DNA for more evidence but DNA about DNA for more evidence but DNA about DNA for more evidence but DNA seems to show that a lot of Jewish seems to show that a lot of Jewish seems to show that a lot of Jewish people today are descending from Jewish people today are descending from Jewish people today are descending from Jewish people who live thousands of years ago people who live thousands of years ago people who live thousands of years ago so it's not impossible so it's not impossible so it's not impossible one can come from an illustrious one can come from an illustrious one can come from an illustrious glorious past but in the 19th century glorious past but in the 19th century glorious past but in the 19th century the implication almost was that peoples the implication almost was that peoples the implication almost was that peoples were hermetically sealed off from each were hermetically sealed off from each were hermetically sealed off from each other and you had these different other and you had these different other and you had these different peoples a perfect example would be uh peoples a perfect example would be uh peoples a perfect example would be uh look at how the Nazis although Nazi look at how the Nazis although Nazi look at how the Nazis although Nazi ideology when it came to race and ideology when it came to race and ideology when it came to race and ethnicity wasn't so much singular as it ethnicity wasn't so much singular as it ethnicity wasn't so much singular as it was past its sell by date because if was past its sell by date because if was past its sell by date because if you'd take a Nazi racial philosophy and you'd take a Nazi racial philosophy and you'd take a Nazi racial philosophy and you know taken it a hundred years into you know taken it a hundred years into you know taken it a hundred years into its own past there would have been a lot its own past there would have been a lot its own past there would have been a lot of people who would have thought the of people who would have thought the of people who would have thought the same way as the Nazis same way as the Nazis same way as the Nazis and the Nazis had a belief that people and the Nazis had a belief that people and the Nazis had a belief that people were pure of blood right and you'd pick were pure of blood right and you'd pick were pure of blood right and you'd pick up a history book from the late 18 early up a history book from the late 18 early up a history book from the late 18 early 1900s and you look at exactly how 1900s and you look at exactly how 1900s and you look at exactly how obsessed it is with ethnicity and race obsessed it is with ethnicity and race obsessed it is with ethnicity and race and peoples and you know where their and peoples and you know where their and peoples and you know where their background is in terms of their breeding background is in terms of their breeding background is in terms of their breeding and these people are Nordic and these and these people are Nordic and these and these people are Nordic and these people are Slavic and these people are people are Slavic and these people are people are Slavic and these people are uh Mongolian and I mean they it's an uh Mongolian and I mean they it's an uh Mongolian and I mean they it's an absurd amount of Fascination when the absurd amount of Fascination when the absurd amount of Fascination when the Great Galactic history book readers are Great Galactic history book readers are Great Galactic history book readers are going to try to make sense of what going to try to make sense of what going to try to make sense of what Humanity was and the reason it's absurd Humanity was and the reason it's absurd Humanity was and the reason it's absurd is because of how temporary it all is is because of how temporary it all is is because of how temporary it all is when we're taking the Long View when we're taking the Long View when we're taking the Long View races and ethnicities are some of the

races and ethnicities are some of the races and ethnicities are some of the long views version of short-term issues long views version of short-term issues long views version of short-term issues because they're ever changing and that's because they're ever changing and that's because they're ever changing and that's what the 19th century both peoples what the 19th century both peoples what the 19th century both peoples cultures and historians got wrong was cultures and historians got wrong was cultures and historians got wrong was this idea that somehow you know once this idea that somehow you know once this idea that somehow you know once upon a time on the world stage we'll upon a time on the world stage we'll upon a time on the world stage we'll just pick one people but you could fill just pick one people but you could fill just pick one people but you could fill anybody in for the same thing that there anybody in for the same thing that there anybody in for the same thing that there were a bunch of blonde-haired blue-eyed were a bunch of blonde-haired blue-eyed were a bunch of blonde-haired blue-eyed peoples that you know arose peoples that you know arose peoples that you know arose independently although back in that time independently although back in that time independently although back in that time period we might have been talking about period we might have been talking about period we might have been talking about Adam and Eve type Origins but you know Adam and Eve type Origins but you know Adam and Eve type Origins but you know what I'm saying Rose independently in what I'm saying Rose independently in what I'm saying Rose independently in the north where they're still to be the north where they're still to be the north where they're still to be found and then sometime in relatively found and then sometime in relatively found and then sometime in relatively recent history they started having recent history they started having recent history they started having interactions with other peoples and interactions with other peoples and interactions with other peoples and ethnic societies and that's when ethnic societies and that's when ethnic societies and that's when interbreeding started in other words for interbreeding started in other words for interbreeding started in other words for me hit Larry and naziistic you know race me hit Larry and naziistic you know race me hit Larry and naziistic you know race Trader standpoint that's when things Trader standpoint that's when things Trader standpoint that's when things turned evil it was much better back in turned evil it was much better back in turned evil it was much better back in the days when blonde hair blue-eyed the days when blonde hair blue-eyed the days when blonde hair blue-eyed people never made it with people who people never made it with people who people never made it with people who weren't of Their Own Kind weren't of Their Own Kind weren't of Their Own Kind yeah became what the Harry Potter world yeah became what the Harry Potter world yeah became what the Harry Potter world would refer to as mud Bloods totally would refer to as mud Bloods totally would refer to as mud Bloods totally ignoring the fact that we're all mud ignoring the fact that we're all mud ignoring the fact that we're all mud Bloods that's one of the great secrets Bloods that's one of the great secrets Bloods that's one of the great secrets and pieces of perspective that the Long and pieces of perspective that the Long and pieces of perspective that the Long View gives us and that's that the View gives us and that's that the View gives us and that's that the current ethnicities as we identify them current ethnicities as we identify them current ethnicities as we identify them are temporary things long-term things are temporary things long-term things are temporary things long-term things from our short-term way of looking at it from our short-term way of looking at it from our short-term way of looking at it I mean if I'm going to live to be 90 I mean if I'm going to live to be 90 I mean if I'm going to live to be 90 years old ethnicity seems pretty set in years old ethnicity seems pretty set in years old ethnicity seems pretty set in stone to me if I'm going to live to be stone to me if I'm going to live to be stone to me if I'm going to live to be 200 000 years old every ethnicity I see 200 000 years old every ethnicity I see 200 000 years old every ethnicity I see is a passing fad

is a passing fad is a passing fad there was a story I read there was a story I read there was a story I read um not that long ago and it was in a um not that long ago and it was in a um not that long ago and it was in a wasn't in a professional publication it wasn't in a professional publication it wasn't in a professional publication it was something with the BBC or something was something with the BBC or something was something with the BBC or something it was a public thing but they were it was a public thing but they were it was a public thing but they were talking about a facial Recreation that talking about a facial Recreation that talking about a facial Recreation that had been done had been done had been done on a skeleton I don't know how much of a on a skeleton I don't know how much of a on a skeleton I don't know how much of a skeleton uh known in Britain as cheddar skeleton uh known in Britain as cheddar skeleton uh known in Britain as cheddar man man man and cheddar man is a figure from and cheddar man is a figure from and cheddar man is a figure from prehistory and they found uh this figure prehistory and they found uh this figure prehistory and they found uh this figure in Britain and I believe they've done in Britain and I believe they've done in Britain and I believe they've done DNA I don't know I don't remember the DNA I don't know I don't remember the DNA I don't know I don't remember the story well I didn't go look it up shows story well I didn't go look it up shows story well I didn't go look it up shows you how much prep went into this right you how much prep went into this right you how much prep went into this right trying to figure out what the story is trying to figure out what the story is trying to figure out what the story is without you know checking the facts of without you know checking the facts of without you know checking the facts of the story but the the news story was and the story but the the news story was and the story but the the news story was and they always say a dog bites man's they always say a dog bites man's they always say a dog bites man's stories not a news story but a man bites stories not a news story but a man bites stories not a news story but a man bites dog story now that's news right well the dog story now that's news right well the dog story now that's news right well the cheddar Man story probably wouldn't have cheddar Man story probably wouldn't have cheddar Man story probably wouldn't have been as big of a deal had this facial been as big of a deal had this facial been as big of a deal had this facial Recreation I guess it was like a Recreation I guess it was like a Recreation I guess it was like a forensic person who works maybe with forensic person who works maybe with forensic person who works maybe with murder victims or something today but murder victims or something today but murder victims or something today but they're they're taking the DNA and the they're they're taking the DNA and the they're they're taking the DNA and the skulls and whatever they have to work skulls and whatever they have to work skulls and whatever they have to work with and they and they're giving you with and they and they're giving you with and they and they're giving you this this Recreation of a face of a this this Recreation of a face of a this this Recreation of a face of a prehistoric Britain and it doesn't look prehistoric Britain and it doesn't look prehistoric Britain and it doesn't look anything like the British people today anything like the British people today anything like the British people today doesn't look like a very you know good doesn't look like a very you know good doesn't look like a very you know good representation of the kentish representation of the kentish representation of the kentish Anglo-Saxon type Anglo-Saxon type Anglo-Saxon type because it had dark dark skin because it had dark dark skin because it had dark dark skin dark dark hair and maybe if I'm dark dark hair and maybe if I'm dark dark hair and maybe if I'm recalling it blue or green eyes or the recalling it blue or green eyes or the recalling it blue or green eyes or the light eyes in other words it was a

light eyes in other words it was a light eyes in other words it was a completely different ethnicity that one completely different ethnicity that one completely different ethnicity that one than one would expect to see as an than one would expect to see as an than one would expect to see as an ancestor of the people in a place where ancestor of the people in a place where ancestor of the people in a place where it's assumed to be cold and dark and the it's assumed to be cold and dark and the it's assumed to be cold and dark and the people have very light skin very light people have very light skin very light people have very light skin very light hair although a lot of Celts don't have hair although a lot of Celts don't have hair although a lot of Celts don't have light here but you know what I'm saying light here but you know what I'm saying light here but you know what I'm saying there's a certain type we associate with there's a certain type we associate with there's a certain type we associate with the British Isles the problem is is that the British Isles the problem is is that the British Isles the problem is is that our view on this is skewed by the our view on this is skewed by the our view on this is skewed by the timeline because if you went back to the timeline because if you went back to the timeline because if you went back to the British Isles at around the time cheddar British Isles at around the time cheddar British Isles at around the time cheddar man was actually living you would expect man was actually living you would expect man was actually living you would expect to see something different because back to see something different because back to see something different because back then something different was living then something different was living then something different was living there than the type of people that live there than the type of people that live there than the type of people that live there now and the reason why is because there now and the reason why is because there now and the reason why is because of that Eternal human quality that makes of that Eternal human quality that makes of that Eternal human quality that makes up one of those constants when we look up one of those constants when we look up one of those constants when we look at the Long View of history people move at the Long View of history people move at the Long View of history people move and they intermix with each other while and they intermix with each other while and they intermix with each other while they do my DNA test that showed that you they do my DNA test that showed that you they do my DNA test that showed that you know I came out of Africa or my know I came out of Africa or my know I came out of Africa or my ancestors did 150 000 years ago or ancestors did 150 000 years ago or ancestors did 150 000 years ago or whatever it was is something that's whatever it was is something that's whatever it was is something that's going to be the same for most if not all going to be the same for most if not all going to be the same for most if not all of us there's going to be some people of us there's going to be some people of us there's going to be some people that probably still live in the place that probably still live in the place that probably still live in the place where humankind first became where humankind first became where humankind first became anatomically modern right they can say anatomically modern right they can say anatomically modern right they can say we are the indigenous inhabitants of we are the indigenous inhabitants of we are the indigenous inhabitants of this place because when Humanity first this place because when Humanity first this place because when Humanity first arose we were here and we've never moved arose we were here and we've never moved arose we were here and we've never moved the vast majority of us have the the vast majority of us have the the vast majority of us have the implications for that though if you implications for that though if you implications for that though if you think about it are profound but only if think about it are profound but only if think about it are profound but only if we're looking at this through the Long we're looking at this through the Long we're looking at this through the Long View View View and this gets me to a phrase that I'd and this gets me to a phrase that I'd and this gets me to a phrase that I'd like to jettison from my lexicon but

like to jettison from my lexicon but like to jettison from my lexicon but it's going to be hard I'm going to need it's going to be hard I'm going to need it's going to be hard I'm going to need I'm addicted to it I'm gonna need some I'm addicted to it I'm gonna need some I'm addicted to it I'm gonna need some kind of patch or something to help me kind of patch or something to help me kind of patch or something to help me get through the process of weaning get through the process of weaning get through the process of weaning myself off a phrase maybe it's a phrase myself off a phrase maybe it's a phrase myself off a phrase maybe it's a phrase that I use that I use that I use um because I'm falling out of love with um because I'm falling out of love with um because I'm falling out of love with it and I like other phrases better it and I like other phrases better it and I like other phrases better that's a good way to put it that's a good way to put it that's a good way to put it the phrase is indigenous peoples the phrase is indigenous peoples the phrase is indigenous peoples now I use this phrase as many other now I use this phrase as many other now I use this phrase as many other people do I'm talking about the Native people do I'm talking about the Native people do I'm talking about the Native Americans for example I'll say the Americans for example I'll say the Americans for example I'll say the indigenous peoples indigenous peoples indigenous peoples but I'm falling out of love with this but I'm falling out of love with this but I'm falling out of love with this race I think I like the way the people race I think I like the way the people race I think I like the way the people in Canada treated better they call their in Canada treated better they call their in Canada treated better they call their Native American uh tribal peoples they Native American uh tribal peoples they Native American uh tribal peoples they call them first Nations call them first Nations call them first Nations and I think that's a better and I think that's a better and I think that's a better representation of what the term should representation of what the term should representation of what the term should mean because indigenous peoples gets me mean because indigenous peoples gets me mean because indigenous peoples gets me into trouble when I'm looking at things into trouble when I'm looking at things into trouble when I'm looking at things through my long-term Longview lens through my long-term Longview lens through my long-term Longview lens because that implies that we're all because that implies that we're all because that implies that we're all indigenous to somewhere right so if you indigenous to somewhere right so if you indigenous to somewhere right so if you say well I'm not a a tribal Aboriginal say well I'm not a a tribal Aboriginal say well I'm not a a tribal Aboriginal person uh I my my family comes from a person uh I my my family comes from a person uh I my my family comes from a bunch of different places bunch of different places bunch of different places um where's their Homeland right where um where's their Homeland right where um where's their Homeland right where where am I indigenous to and you quickly where am I indigenous to and you quickly where am I indigenous to and you quickly can see what the problem in that sort of can see what the problem in that sort of can see what the problem in that sort of an approach might be and that's the an approach might be and that's the an approach might be and that's the people move right I don't live where my people move right I don't live where my people move right I don't live where my ancestors live in my indigenous to where ancestors live in my indigenous to where ancestors live in my indigenous to where my ancestors were from well when did my ancestors were from well when did my ancestors were from well when did they get there and how long do you have they get there and how long do you have they get there and how long do you have to be someplace to be considered to be someplace to be considered to be someplace to be considered indigenous to it because as we just said indigenous to it because as we just said indigenous to it because as we just said according to the long-term DNA tests according to the long-term DNA tests according to the long-term DNA tests we're all indigenous to like we're all indigenous to like we're all indigenous to like Northeastern Africa and once you leave Northeastern Africa and once you leave Northeastern Africa and once you leave there well you're either the first

there well you're either the first there well you're either the first person to arrive someplace or you're person to arrive someplace or you're person to arrive someplace or you're squatting on somebody else's land that squatting on somebody else's land that squatting on somebody else's land that got there before you did got there before you did got there before you did 300 000 years of human history with 300 000 years of human history with 300 000 years of human history with people moving and intermixing all the people moving and intermixing all the people moving and intermixing all the time means that almost nobody is time means that almost nobody is time means that almost nobody is probably on the land that they inhabited probably on the land that they inhabited probably on the land that they inhabited first before anyone else got there now first before anyone else got there now first before anyone else got there now the first nations in Canada I just the first nations in Canada I just the first nations in Canada I just assumed that they're the first people in assumed that they're the first people in assumed that they're the first people in that part of the world to establish that part of the world to establish that part of the world to establish hierarchies and governments and some hierarchies and governments and some hierarchies and governments and some sort of an organization you know tribal sort of an organization you know tribal sort of an organization you know tribal organization or whatever and I think organization or whatever and I think organization or whatever and I think that's accurate but this indigenous that's accurate but this indigenous that's accurate but this indigenous people's thing gets complicated ethnicity does too I mean I'm I was ethnicity does too I mean I'm I was looking for um I was doing some searches looking for um I was doing some searches looking for um I was doing some searches but I couldn't figure out the right but I couldn't figure out the right but I couldn't figure out the right Search terms to spit back the results Search terms to spit back the results Search terms to spit back the results that I wanted I was trying to find a that I wanted I was trying to find a that I wanted I was trying to find a person who's up on the latest DNA and person who's up on the latest DNA and person who's up on the latest DNA and isotope evidence and everything else isotope evidence and everything else isotope evidence and everything else that can help us answer a question about that can help us answer a question about that can help us answer a question about how many people who inhabit certain how many people who inhabit certain how many people who inhabit certain geographical areas today are related to geographical areas today are related to geographical areas today are related to the people that used to be there and of the people that used to be there and of the people that used to be there and of course you've got to Define what you course you've got to Define what you course you've got to Define what you mean what I used to right but I was mean what I used to right but I was mean what I used to right but I was specifically thinking of like uh Roman specifically thinking of like uh Roman specifically thinking of like uh Roman times so are the people in Italy or times so are the people in Italy or times so are the people in Italy or maybe the question should be how many of maybe the question should be how many of maybe the question should be how many of the people in Italy today can trace the people in Italy today can trace the people in Italy today can trace their genetic Heritage back to ancient their genetic Heritage back to ancient their genetic Heritage back to ancient Rome Rome Rome and I was starting to play with that and and I was starting to play with that and and I was starting to play with that and then the Long View question hit me again then the Long View question hit me again then the Long View question hit me again though in a shorter term sense but which

though in a shorter term sense but which though in a shorter term sense but which Rome are we even talking about I I Rome are we even talking about I I Rome are we even talking about I I thought to myself after I'd posed the thought to myself after I'd posed the thought to myself after I'd posed the question to myself question to myself question to myself because the realm of like 450 BCE when because the realm of like 450 BCE when because the realm of like 450 BCE when it's a single city state at war with it's a single city state at war with it's a single city state at war with other Italian city-states 10 or 12 miles other Italian city-states 10 or 12 miles other Italian city-states 10 or 12 miles from itself well that's one kind of from itself well that's one kind of from itself well that's one kind of Italy isn't it made up of one kind of Italy isn't it made up of one kind of Italy isn't it made up of one kind of people but the realm of say people but the realm of say people but the realm of say Tiberius or Marcus a relation to the Tiberius or Marcus a relation to the Tiberius or Marcus a relation to the Roman Empire Roman Empire Roman Empire um well that's a multi-ethnic um well that's a multi-ethnic um well that's a multi-ethnic Multicultural Society isn't it Multicultural Society isn't it Multicultural Society isn't it with not just people from all over the with not just people from all over the with not just people from all over the world you know Rome's an international world you know Rome's an international world you know Rome's an international City back then but even the Emperors City back then but even the Emperors City back then but even the Emperors coming from places like Spain and the coming from places like Spain and the coming from places like Spain and the Balkans in North Africa and into Syria I Balkans in North Africa and into Syria I Balkans in North Africa and into Syria I mean all those places are contributing mean all those places are contributing mean all those places are contributing leadership positions to the Roman States leadership positions to the Roman States leadership positions to the Roman States so if I was to say something like well so if I was to say something like well so if I was to say something like well how many people in Italy today can trace how many people in Italy today can trace how many people in Italy today can trace their Roots back to the Roman Empire their Roots back to the Roman Empire their Roots back to the Roman Empire some person who just got there one some person who just got there one some person who just got there one generation ago from Syria might be able generation ago from Syria might be able generation ago from Syria might be able to say I can to say I can to say I can so you got to be careful because people so you got to be careful because people so you got to be careful because people were moving around and interbreeding all were moving around and interbreeding all were moving around and interbreeding all the time the time the time this idea of race Purity that the Nazis this idea of race Purity that the Nazis this idea of race Purity that the Nazis had was a bunch of nonsense had was a bunch of nonsense had was a bunch of nonsense and it's worth looking for just two and it's worth looking for just two and it's worth looking for just two seconds upon how something like that seconds upon how something like that seconds upon how something like that gets started there's a book out there gets started there's a book out there gets started there's a book out there it's pretty darn good one too it's the it's pretty darn good one too it's the it's pretty darn good one too it's the term the title is something like the term the title is something like the term the title is something like the most dangerous book ever written or most dangerous book ever written or most dangerous book ever written or something like that but it's a book something like that but it's a book something like that but it's a book about tacitus's work on the Germans now

about tacitus's work on the Germans now about tacitus's work on the Germans now tacitus was an ancient Roman writer tacitus was an ancient Roman writer tacitus was an ancient Roman writer actually was Roman Imperial writer and actually was Roman Imperial writer and actually was Roman Imperial writer and he wrote a famous book on he wrote a famous book on he wrote a famous book on um the ancient Germanic tribes right um the ancient Germanic tribes right um the ancient Germanic tribes right contemporaries of the Romans while the contemporaries of the Romans while the contemporaries of the Romans while the Nazis in their wisdom to try to find Nazis in their wisdom to try to find Nazis in their wisdom to try to find racial history latched on to this book racial history latched on to this book racial history latched on to this book because there's parts of it that talk because there's parts of it that talk because there's parts of it that talk about something that the they could use about something that the they could use about something that the they could use as evidence of race Purity because as evidence of race Purity because as evidence of race Purity because tacitus says in one part that the tacitus says in one part that the tacitus says in one part that the Germans never mingled their blood with Germans never mingled their blood with Germans never mingled their blood with lesser people lesser people lesser people now the most dangerous book points out now the most dangerous book points out now the most dangerous book points out what any good history Professor talking what any good history Professor talking what any good history Professor talking about tacitista's book would also point about tacitista's book would also point about tacitista's book would also point out and that's the tacitus just like out and that's the tacitus just like out and that's the tacitus just like most ancient writers is not writing most ancient writers is not writing most ancient writers is not writing books for the same reason we write books books for the same reason we write books books for the same reason we write books so don't assume that he is he's actually so don't assume that he is he's actually so don't assume that he is he's actually writing a book to chastise Romans about writing a book to chastise Romans about writing a book to chastise Romans about things that they do and he uses this things that they do and he uses this things that they do and he uses this Germanic stuff as evidence for look at Germanic stuff as evidence for look at Germanic stuff as evidence for look at how they do it and they're so strong if how they do it and they're so strong if how they do it and they're so strong if we did it more like them we'd be so he's we did it more like them we'd be so he's we did it more like them we'd be so he's making a case with something this idea making a case with something this idea making a case with something this idea that the Germans didn't mix their DNA that the Germans didn't mix their DNA that the Germans didn't mix their DNA with other people during the Roman era with other people during the Roman era with other people during the Roman era is nonsense because the Germans like is nonsense because the Germans like is nonsense because the Germans like almost you don't want to say every human almost you don't want to say every human almost you don't want to say every human society because that's not true but the society because that's not true but the society because that's not true but the vast majority of human societies and vast majority of human societies and vast majority of human societies and this is another thing that may be you this is another thing that may be you this is another thing that may be you know belongs on our list of constants is know belongs on our list of constants is know belongs on our list of constants is slavery the Germans were slave holding slavery the Germans were slave holding slavery the Germans were slave holding Society if you have slaves you're going Society if you have slaves you're going Society if you have slaves you're going to be mixing your DNA with them to be mixing your DNA with them to be mixing your DNA with them another example of you know how you can another example of you know how you can another example of you know how you can sort of be blind to this obvious fact I sort of be blind to this obvious fact I sort of be blind to this obvious fact I mean if you look at some of the great

mean if you look at some of the great mean if you look at some of the great Kings from the past that would have been Kings from the past that would have been Kings from the past that would have been Nazi racial ideological Nazi racial ideological Nazi racial ideological um prototypes right the kind of people um prototypes right the kind of people um prototypes right the kind of people they were celebrating how about and this they were celebrating how about and this they were celebrating how about and this is a bit of a spoiler alert for the is a bit of a spoiler alert for the is a bit of a spoiler alert for the Viking show still to come but how about Viking show still to come but how about Viking show still to come but how about the famous Danish King Knute the famous Danish King Knute the famous Danish King Knute the king that ruled much of Scandinavia the king that ruled much of Scandinavia the king that ruled much of Scandinavia while he ruled England he seemed to be while he ruled England he seemed to be while he ruled England he seemed to be creating this giant theoretically had it creating this giant theoretically had it creating this giant theoretically had it continued you could have this giant continued you could have this giant continued you could have this giant Northern block of Nations right he's Northern block of Nations right he's Northern block of Nations right he's sort of the Nazis sort of the Nazis sort of the Nazis iconic dream of you know the Nordic iconic dream of you know the Nordic iconic dream of you know the Nordic people's ruling over vast areas but this people's ruling over vast areas but this people's ruling over vast areas but this Danish King's mother had the Nazis done Danish King's mother had the Nazis done Danish King's mother had the Nazis done the classifying would have been seen as the classifying would have been seen as the classifying would have been seen as an unter mention a sub-human an unter mention a sub-human an unter mention a sub-human knut's mom was from a Slavic people she knut's mom was from a Slavic people she knut's mom was from a Slavic people she was the daughter of well you my history was the daughter of well you my history was the daughter of well you my history books often say polish King but this books often say polish King but this books often say polish King but this predates the creation of a real Poland predates the creation of a real Poland predates the creation of a real Poland but it's a Slavic King and and knut's but it's a Slavic King and and knut's but it's a Slavic King and and knut's parents married uh into a dynastic parents married uh into a dynastic parents married uh into a dynastic marriage and that's the other thing you marriage and that's the other thing you marriage and that's the other thing you forget it's not just people at the lower forget it's not just people at the lower forget it's not just people at the lower end of society the slaves mixing their end of society the slaves mixing their end of society the slaves mixing their DNA into the gene pool Royal marriages DNA into the gene pool Royal marriages DNA into the gene pool Royal marriages of the sort that were famous 100 200 of the sort that were famous 100 200 of the sort that were famous 100 200 years ago where you would marry you know years ago where you would marry you know years ago where you would marry you know your son off to another King's Daughter your son off to another King's Daughter your son off to another King's Daughter to try to cement a dynastic relationship to try to cement a dynastic relationship to try to cement a dynastic relationship that's been going on from time that's been going on from time that's been going on from time immemorial immemorial immemorial in fact romantic love is the new kind of

in fact romantic love is the new kind of in fact romantic love is the new kind of reason people get married creating reason people get married creating reason people get married creating dynastic relationships between powerful dynastic relationships between powerful dynastic relationships between powerful families is the really old ancient families is the really old ancient families is the really old ancient reason that people get married and reason that people get married and reason that people get married and they're mixing their DNA at the very they're mixing their DNA at the very they're mixing their DNA at the very highest level so these ideas of tacitism highest level so these ideas of tacitism highest level so these ideas of tacitism the Germans never mingled their blood the Germans never mingled their blood the Germans never mingled their blood with lesser peoples unless of course with lesser peoples unless of course with lesser peoples unless of course they're marrying the queens of lesser they're marrying the queens of lesser they're marrying the queens of lesser peoples and creating you know dynastic peoples and creating you know dynastic peoples and creating you know dynastic alliances I mean in other words all of alliances I mean in other words all of alliances I mean in other words all of that stuff is ridiculous and people have that stuff is ridiculous and people have that stuff is ridiculous and people have been mixing from time immemorial and been mixing from time immemorial and been mixing from time immemorial and moving from time immemorial and that moving from time immemorial and that moving from time immemorial and that means that none of the peoples who are means that none of the peoples who are means that none of the peoples who are in the locations that they are now in the locations that they are now in the locations that they are now probably used to be there and they probably used to be there and they probably used to be there and they almost certainly just like cheddar man almost certainly just like cheddar man almost certainly just like cheddar man in Britain looked differently I mean just look at some of the mass I mean just look at some of the mass people movements that we have in the 6 people movements that we have in the 6 people movements that we have in the 6 000 years of recorded history and the 000 years of recorded history and the 000 years of recorded history and the good news for those of us wanting to good news for those of us wanting to good news for those of us wanting to look back on those moments is that look back on those moments is that look back on those moments is that they're often extremely disruptive of they're often extremely disruptive of they're often extremely disruptive of the status quo during the time period the status quo during the time period the status quo during the time period we're talking about and you know they've we're talking about and you know they've we're talking about and you know they've always said that journalism is the first always said that journalism is the first always said that journalism is the first draft of History well history writing draft of History well history writing draft of History well history writing often follows similar rules in the old often follows similar rules in the old often follows similar rules in the old line if it bleeds it leads works just as line if it bleeds it leads works just as line if it bleeds it leads works just as well for history as it did for you know well for history as it did for you know well for history as it did for you know current news writing and many of the current news writing and many of the current news writing and many of the moments in history where the if it moments in history where the if it moments in history where the if it bleeds it leads standard most applies bleeds it leads standard most applies bleeds it leads standard most applies are these time periods where vast are these time periods where vast are these time periods where vast numbers of human beings are on the move numbers of human beings are on the move numbers of human beings are on the move I mean is the most famous the one where

I mean is the most famous the one where I mean is the most famous the one where the Germanic tribes were set in motion the Germanic tribes were set in motion the Germanic tribes were set in motion the Famous folk or vandoren right the the Famous folk or vandoren right the the Famous folk or vandoren right the movement of peoples the great migrations movement of peoples the great migrations movement of peoples the great migrations they're sometimes called well everybody they're sometimes called well everybody they're sometimes called well everybody knows about that right these are the knows about that right these are the knows about that right these are the migrations that supposedly set in motion migrations that supposedly set in motion migrations that supposedly set in motion some of the forces that toppled the some of the forces that toppled the some of the forces that toppled the Western Roman Empire the tribes you know Western Roman Empire the tribes you know Western Roman Empire the tribes you know they're famous too the visigoth the they're famous too the visigoth the they're famous too the visigoth the Oster goth the vandals the Lombards Oster goth the vandals the Lombards Oster goth the vandals the Lombards there's a whole bunch of them there's a whole bunch of them there's a whole bunch of them but people forget that that movement of but people forget that that movement of but people forget that that movement of peoples was supposedly started by peoples was supposedly started by peoples was supposedly started by another great movement of peoples that another great movement of peoples that another great movement of peoples that hit those Germans like a bunch of hit those Germans like a bunch of hit those Germans like a bunch of tumbling dominoes the Huns tumbling dominoes the Huns tumbling dominoes the Huns and the Huns of course live in one of and the Huns of course live in one of and the Huns of course live in one of the great ethnic melting pots on the the great ethnic melting pots on the the great ethnic melting pots on the face of the Earth they live in the face of the Earth they live in the face of the Earth they live in the Eurasian step Eurasian step Eurasian step where if we want to play the ethnic where if we want to play the ethnic where if we want to play the ethnic Melting Pot game uh you could have a ton Melting Pot game uh you could have a ton Melting Pot game uh you could have a ton of fun it's one of the most interesting of fun it's one of the most interesting of fun it's one of the most interesting parts of the great you know Eurasian parts of the great you know Eurasian parts of the great you know Eurasian step and that's how many different step and that's how many different step and that's how many different peoples have lived there and how often peoples have lived there and how often peoples have lived there and how often they've been mixing with each other they've been mixing with each other they've been mixing with each other because of course they have famously because of course they have famously because of course they have famously mobility and they move mobility and they move mobility and they move like waves across this giant flat like waves across this giant flat like waves across this giant flat expanse of land and the numbers of expanse of land and the numbers of expanse of land and the numbers of people that have exploded out of the the people that have exploded out of the the people that have exploded out of the the Heartland over by the altai mountains Heartland over by the altai mountains Heartland over by the altai mountains and then usually spreading Southward and and then usually spreading Southward and and then usually spreading Southward and Westward have you know subsumed numerous Westward have you know subsumed numerous Westward have you know subsumed numerous tribes uh in the past I mean the first tribes uh in the past I mean the first tribes uh in the past I mean the first one in recorded history that was one in recorded history that was one in recorded history that was mentioned in one of those books where mentioned in one of those books where mentioned in one of those books where writing happens are the chamarians

contemporaries of the ancient Assyrians contemporaries of the ancient Assyrians and people like that well what happened and people like that well what happened and people like that well what happened to the camarians right these are to the camarians right these are to the camarians right these are supposedly they would say a hundred supposedly they would say a hundred supposedly they would say a hundred years ago ethnically Caucasian people years ago ethnically Caucasian people years ago ethnically Caucasian people probably speaking in Indo-European probably speaking in Indo-European probably speaking in Indo-European language I mean they have a whole bunch language I mean they have a whole bunch language I mean they have a whole bunch of ways of phrasing it but the of ways of phrasing it but the of ways of phrasing it but the chamarians got chamarians got chamarians got treated the same way that the Huns and treated the same way that the Huns and treated the same way that the Huns and the Mongols of later areas treated the the Mongols of later areas treated the the Mongols of later areas treated the uh step enemies that they ran into when uh step enemies that they ran into when uh step enemies that they ran into when they were overrun pushed farther they were overrun pushed farther they were overrun pushed farther Westward uh and then eventually absorbed Westward uh and then eventually absorbed Westward uh and then eventually absorbed by the scythian tribes sometimes called by the scythian tribes sometimes called by the scythian tribes sometimes called scythian in the old days scythian in the old days scythian in the old days I'm firmly in the camp by the way of I'm firmly in the camp by the way of I'm firmly in the camp by the way of those people trying to change the soft those people trying to change the soft those people trying to change the soft sea back to the hard sea as it used to sea back to the hard sea as it used to sea back to the hard sea as it used to be and as it still is in the languages be and as it still is in the languages be and as it still is in the languages that invented those terms right that invented those terms right that invented those terms right scythians is a Greek term and the Greeks scythians is a Greek term and the Greeks scythians is a Greek term and the Greeks would not have said scythians scythians would not have said scythians scythians would not have said scythians scythians just like Sumerians are not Sumerians just like Sumerians are not Sumerians just like Sumerians are not Sumerians they're chamarians they're chamarians they're chamarians and after the scythians they had the and after the scythians they had the and after the scythians they had the same treatment that they meted out to same treatment that they meted out to same treatment that they meted out to the camarions done to them by the the camarions done to them by the the camarions done to them by the sarmatians who had the same thing done sarmatians who had the same thing done sarmatians who had the same thing done to them probably by the sakah who had to them probably by the sakah who had to them probably by the sakah who had the same thing done to them by early the same thing done to them by early the same thing done to them by early versions of the Huns you had Turks you versions of the Huns you had Turks you versions of the Huns you had Turks you had magyars you had avars which are both had magyars you had avars which are both had magyars you had avars which are both Turks Turks Turks um of course you had Mongolians um of course you had Mongolians um of course you had Mongolians eventually in other words over and over eventually in other words over and over eventually in other words over and over and over again you've had these tribes and over again you've had these tribes and over again you've had these tribes both ethnically cleansed areas drive both ethnically cleansed areas drive both ethnically cleansed areas drive people out of areas genocide peoples and people out of areas genocide peoples and people out of areas genocide peoples and usually after defeating them absorbing

usually after defeating them absorbing usually after defeating them absorbing them well them well them well ethnically speaking these people of the ethnically speaking these people of the ethnically speaking these people of the step are endlessly fascinating some of step are endlessly fascinating some of step are endlessly fascinating some of the tribes the Chinese referred to a the tribes the Chinese referred to a the tribes the Chinese referred to a couple of them as the woo soon and the couple of them as the woo soon and the couple of them as the woo soon and the Yushi these are tribes which would be in Yushi these are tribes which would be in Yushi these are tribes which would be in modern day China today but looked much modern day China today but looked much modern day China today but looked much more like they belonged quite a lot more like they belonged quite a lot more like they belonged quite a lot farther west if we're just going to take farther west if we're just going to take farther west if we're just going to take their ethnicity their hair color their their ethnicity their hair color their their ethnicity their hair color their eye color into account you know people eye color into account you know people eye color into account you know people in modern day China generally look in modern day China generally look in modern day China generally look pretty Chinese and the more towards the pretty Chinese and the more towards the pretty Chinese and the more towards the Han areas you go the more this is true Han areas you go the more this is true Han areas you go the more this is true but if you look at the great step but if you look at the great step but if you look at the great step overall you can see the remnants of the overall you can see the remnants of the overall you can see the remnants of the DNA mixing and scattering everywhere DNA mixing and scattering everywhere DNA mixing and scattering everywhere it's a fabulously mixed territory where it's a fabulously mixed territory where it's a fabulously mixed territory where people can have Asian features with people can have Asian features with people can have Asian features with Western color eyes or western style hair Western color eyes or western style hair Western color eyes or western style hair with I mean it's it's the the same with I mean it's it's the the same with I mean it's it's the the same culture that bred these descriptions of culture that bred these descriptions of culture that bred these descriptions of Genghis Khan that can ring true and you Genghis Khan that can ring true and you Genghis Khan that can ring true and you hear them that he had Asian features but hear them that he had Asian features but hear them that he had Asian features but maybe green eyes or red hair this same mixing that you see on the this same mixing that you see on the Eurasian step through all of recorded Eurasian step through all of recorded Eurasian step through all of recorded history and which my history books would history and which my history books would history and which my history books would have maybe treated from 1950 maybe you have maybe treated from 1950 maybe you have maybe treated from 1950 maybe you would have treated as an unusual aspect would have treated as an unusual aspect would have treated as an unusual aspect of this area the unusual mixing of of this area the unusual mixing of of this area the unusual mixing of different races and ethnicities is in different races and ethnicities is in different races and ethnicities is in fact the norm pretty much everywhere fact the norm pretty much everywhere fact the norm pretty much everywhere and cheddar man is a perfect example and and cheddar man is a perfect example and and cheddar man is a perfect example and if not cheddar man because someone will if not cheddar man because someone will if not cheddar man because someone will write me and go well that was all wrong

write me and go well that was all wrong write me and go well that was all wrong with cheddar man it doesn't matter with cheddar man it doesn't matter with cheddar man it doesn't matter you're finding this in all the other you're finding this in all the other you're finding this in all the other areas too the people that live there now areas too the people that live there now areas too the people that live there now often bear little resemblance to the often bear little resemblance to the often bear little resemblance to the people who used to live there that does people who used to live there that does people who used to live there that does not mean that you can't trace your not mean that you can't trace your not mean that you can't trace your history back to them there could be a history back to them there could be a history back to them there could be a very Anglo-Saxon looking person in very Anglo-Saxon looking person in very Anglo-Saxon looking person in modern day Kent that might find out that modern day Kent that might find out that modern day Kent that might find out that they're a direct descendant of cheddar they're a direct descendant of cheddar they're a direct descendant of cheddar man man man the only thing worth noting though is the only thing worth noting though is the only thing worth noting though is that if you that if you that if you um um um you know had gone back to your ancestors you know had gone back to your ancestors you know had gone back to your ancestors times they're all going to look quite a times they're all going to look quite a times they're all going to look quite a bit different than you and and here's bit different than you and and here's bit different than you and and here's the part that shows a certain continuity the part that shows a certain continuity the part that shows a certain continuity in the mixing of human DNA in another in the mixing of human DNA in another in the mixing of human DNA in another ten thousand twenty thousand thirty ten thousand twenty thousand thirty ten thousand twenty thousand thirty thousand years if we're looking at the thousand years if we're looking at the thousand years if we're looking at the Long View here people are going to be Long View here people are going to be Long View here people are going to be different colors yet again the ethnic different colors yet again the ethnic different colors yet again the ethnic question is an ever-changing Target question is an ever-changing Target question is an ever-changing Target right and I would like to say that it right and I would like to say that it right and I would like to say that it will solve itself when we're all some will solve itself when we're all some will solve itself when we're all some version of the same color but if you do version of the same color but if you do version of the same color but if you do look at human history over the Long Haul look at human history over the Long Haul look at human history over the Long Haul and try to pick out commonalities one of and try to pick out commonalities one of and try to pick out commonalities one of the things we tend to be really good at the things we tend to be really good at the things we tend to be really good at is disliking people that are different is disliking people that are different is disliking people that are different than we are and just like that Star Trek than we are and just like that Star Trek than we are and just like that Star Trek episode where you had the one guy who episode where you had the one guy who episode where you had the one guy who had the left side of his face black and had the left side of his face black and had the left side of his face black and the right side of his face White and the the right side of his face White and the the right side of his face White and the other guy who had the exact black and other guy who had the exact black and other guy who had the exact black and white face but on different sides uh as white face but on different sides uh as white face but on different sides uh as that as the first character and they that as the first character and they that as the first character and they found a reason to not like each other found a reason to not like each other found a reason to not like each other because of that but to The Outsiders because of that but to The Outsiders because of that but to The Outsiders they they looked like the same people they they looked like the same people they they looked like the same people there's that great line where Captain there's that great line where Captain there's that great line where Captain Kirk says you know but you're both the Kirk says you know but you're both the Kirk says you know but you're both the same color and and the Frank gorshin same color and and the Frank gorshin same color and and the Frank gorshin played character says what are you

played character says what are you played character says what are you talking about can't you see I'm black on talking about can't you see I'm black on talking about can't you see I'm black on the left side he's black on the right the left side he's black on the right the left side he's black on the right side I mean in other words we'll find side I mean in other words we'll find side I mean in other words we'll find some reason that we're ethnically some reason that we're ethnically some reason that we're ethnically different enough to get upset over our different enough to get upset over our different enough to get upset over our ethnic Heritage if human history is any ethnic Heritage if human history is any ethnic Heritage if human history is any guide guide guide never mind that to us today people 30 never mind that to us today people 30 never mind that to us today people 30 000 years in the future may all appear 000 years in the future may all appear 000 years in the future may all appear to be the same color to be the same color to be the same color the star-bellied snitch-like aspect of the star-bellied snitch-like aspect of the star-bellied snitch-like aspect of human history shows will find a reason human history shows will find a reason human history shows will find a reason to declare some people better than to declare some people better than to declare some people better than others and other people worse others and other people worse others and other people worse the same question about movement and the same question about movement and the same question about movement and time seems to work pretty well with this time seems to work pretty well with this time seems to work pretty well with this um idea of things like land ownership um idea of things like land ownership um idea of things like land ownership or land rights I mean how much of our or land rights I mean how much of our or land rights I mean how much of our problems today in the in the world problems today in the in the world problems today in the in the world especially over the last 150 years seem especially over the last 150 years seem especially over the last 150 years seem to be related to who owns the land to be related to who owns the land to be related to who owns the land this is connected to colonialism too in this is connected to colonialism too in this is connected to colonialism too in colonialism is another one of these colonialism is another one of these colonialism is another one of these ancient things Native Americans and other tribal Native Americans and other tribal peoples often have as part of their peoples often have as part of their peoples often have as part of their founding origin legends that they are or founding origin legends that they are or founding origin legends that they are or were created as the human beings who were created as the human beings who were created as the human beings who lived in a certain spot lived in a certain spot lived in a certain spot now there are other tribal peoples who now there are other tribal peoples who now there are other tribal peoples who have a tribal story about moving from have a tribal story about moving from have a tribal story about moving from some other place I mean a lot of the some other place I mean a lot of the some other place I mean a lot of the tribes that we just spoke about the tribes that we just spoke about the tribes that we just spoke about the Germanic type tribes that are famously

Germanic type tribes that are famously Germanic type tribes that are famously involved in the collapse of the Western involved in the collapse of the Western involved in the collapse of the Western Roman Empire the Goths and stuff they Roman Empire the Goths and stuff they Roman Empire the Goths and stuff they all had origin legends that said that all had origin legends that said that all had origin legends that said that they were from elsewhere from they were from elsewhere from they were from elsewhere from Scandinavia Scandinavia Scandinavia so they knew that they had moved but so they knew that they had moved but so they knew that they had moved but many many people's uh have a founding many many people's uh have a founding many many people's uh have a founding origin legend that they come from the origin legend that they come from the origin legend that they come from the territory that they're currently in and territory that they're currently in and territory that they're currently in and have always been there have always been there have always been there it seems pretty obvious that unless they it seems pretty obvious that unless they it seems pretty obvious that unless they were the first people that showed up in were the first people that showed up in were the first people that showed up in the human migration that first step foot the human migration that first step foot the human migration that first step foot in a given area that they're wrong about in a given area that they're wrong about in a given area that they're wrong about this that none of us inhabit the area we this that none of us inhabit the area we this that none of us inhabit the area we used to inhabit as I said unless you used to inhabit as I said unless you used to inhabit as I said unless you come from the same part of Africa where come from the same part of Africa where come from the same part of Africa where human beings anatomically correct human human beings anatomically correct human human beings anatomically correct human beings first arose you're a squatter on beings first arose you're a squatter on beings first arose you're a squatter on somebody else's property or maybe you somebody else's property or maybe you somebody else's property or maybe you were the first people you arrived in were the first people you arrived in were the first people you arrived in Virgin Territory there were no human Virgin Territory there were no human Virgin Territory there were no human beings in the area that your ancestors beings in the area that your ancestors beings in the area that your ancestors first you know arrived at and declared first you know arrived at and declared first you know arrived at and declared their Homeland that's fine their Homeland that's fine their Homeland that's fine seems unlikely a modern ethnicity or a seems unlikely a modern ethnicity or a seems unlikely a modern ethnicity or a Modern Nation a state can claim Modern Nation a state can claim Modern Nation a state can claim something like that it seems strange to something like that it seems strange to something like that it seems strange to us when you know some of the zionists in us when you know some of the zionists in us when you know some of the zionists in Israel will Proclaim that territory to Israel will Proclaim that territory to Israel will Proclaim that territory to be their ancestral land right going back be their ancestral land right going back be their ancestral land right going back to the Bible but the Bible in terms of to the Bible but the Bible in terms of to the Bible but the Bible in terms of its you know ancientness is a new its you know ancientness is a new its you know ancientness is a new document when we're looking at things document when we're looking at things document when we're looking at things through the Long View right the 300 000 through the Long View right the 300 000 through the Long View right the 300 000 year lens year lens year lens then you start asking well you know who then you start asking well you know who then you start asking well you know who was there ten thousand years ago who was was there ten thousand years ago who was was there ten thousand years ago who was there 20 000 years ago and then there 20 000 years ago and then there 20 000 years ago and then everything when it comes to the land

everything when it comes to the land everything when it comes to the land that certain ethnic peoples don't just that certain ethnic peoples don't just that certain ethnic peoples don't just uh live on now but are associated with uh live on now but are associated with uh live on now but are associated with right their Heritage is connected to the right their Heritage is connected to the right their Heritage is connected to the land it all looks like they're just the land it all looks like they're just the land it all looks like they're just the people that own the current deed to the people that own the current deed to the people that own the current deed to the property it's like selling a house property it's like selling a house property it's like selling a house historically speaking historically speaking historically speaking oh yes they bought these from the oh yes they bought these from the oh yes they bought these from the amalekites who had gotten it from the amalekites who had gotten it from the amalekites who had gotten it from the gooty who had originally got it from the gooty who had originally got it from the gooty who had originally got it from the Sumerian I mean you know Sumerian I mean you know Sumerian I mean you know makes you start to feel like there are makes you start to feel like there are makes you start to feel like there are no indigenous peoples that human beings no indigenous peoples that human beings no indigenous peoples that human beings are by their very nature newcomers are by their very nature newcomers are by their very nature newcomers everywhere everywhere everywhere I thought I'd play this little game and I thought I'd play this little game and I thought I'd play this little game and I found that I use it all the time now I found that I use it all the time now I found that I use it all the time now but I got the idea talking with my but I got the idea talking with my but I got the idea talking with my wife's grandfather once wife's grandfather once wife's grandfather once and I forgot when this happened I want and I forgot when this happened I want and I forgot when this happened I want to see there's like 2000 or 2005 to see there's like 2000 or 2005 to see there's like 2000 or 2005 somewhere in there and he was in his mid somewhere in there and he was in his mid somewhere in there and he was in his mid 90s one of those amazing people who are 90s one of those amazing people who are 90s one of those amazing people who are still exercising like crazy I mean just still exercising like crazy I mean just still exercising like crazy I mean just completely with it and you look at them completely with it and you look at them completely with it and you look at them and you go holy cow this person's 95 or and you go holy cow this person's 95 or and you go holy cow this person's 95 or whenever they were and he was telling me whenever they were and he was telling me whenever they were and he was telling me what it was like in the Pacific what it was like in the Pacific what it was like in the Pacific Northwest where I live and where he grew Northwest where I live and where he grew Northwest where I live and where he grew up when he was a kid here right so you up when he was a kid here right so you up when he was a kid here right so you know the 1930s 1920s and I was zoning know the 1930s 1920s and I was zoning know the 1930s 1920s and I was zoning out while he was talking because I just out while he was talking because I just out while he was talking because I just couldn't help but think to myself how couldn't help but think to myself how couldn't help but think to myself how Wild it was that if you took this man's Wild it was that if you took this man's Wild it was that if you took this man's lifetime whatever it was 95 years lifetime whatever it was 95 years lifetime whatever it was 95 years and you just added another lifetime you and you just added another lifetime you and you just added another lifetime you know same lifespan as he was currently know same lifespan as he was currently know same lifespan as he was currently living to it so 295 year old lifetimes

living to it so 295 year old lifetimes living to it so 295 year old lifetimes you would find yourself back in time to you would find yourself back in time to you would find yourself back in time to where there were almost no European where there were almost no European where there were almost no European people in the Pacific Northwest right people in the Pacific Northwest right people in the Pacific Northwest right the spot we're standing on has only the spot we're standing on has only the spot we're standing on has only native peoples native peoples native peoples um if you add this man's life time by um if you add this man's life time by um if you add this man's life time by another lifetime and that got me thinking about and that got me thinking about human lifetimes as a substitute for human lifetimes as a substitute for human lifetimes as a substitute for talking about years or centuries or talking about years or centuries or talking about years or centuries or dates dates dates because and I was trying to do the math because and I was trying to do the math because and I was trying to do the math correctly so if you just wanted to correctly so if you just wanted to correctly so if you just wanted to imagine that a human lifespan was about imagine that a human lifespan was about imagine that a human lifespan was about 50 years 50 years 50 years and we all know don't we that the infant and we all know don't we that the infant and we all know don't we that the infant mortality rates in earlier times skew mortality rates in earlier times skew mortality rates in earlier times skew the patterns a little bit I think 50 the patterns a little bit I think 50 the patterns a little bit I think 50 would still be considered a little high would still be considered a little high would still be considered a little high by some people but let's just say your by some people but let's just say your by some people but let's just say your average lifespan over time is 50 years if you take two of those lifetimes right if you take two of those lifetimes right then you have a century so two lives to then you have a century so two lives to then you have a century so two lives to a century a century a century that means that if you have four human that means that if you have four human that means that if you have four human lives then you're back to that point my lives then you're back to that point my lives then you're back to that point my wife's grandfather was talking about wife's grandfather was talking about wife's grandfather was talking about right four 50-year human lives and there right four 50-year human lives and there right four 50-year human lives and there are no Europeans basically in the are no Europeans basically in the are no Europeans basically in the Pacific Northwest that seems pretty Pacific Northwest that seems pretty Pacific Northwest that seems pretty short right when you just say oh it's short right when you just say oh it's short right when you just say oh it's just your great great great grandfather just your great great great grandfather just your great great great grandfather well it gets even weirder when you go well it gets even weirder when you go well it gets even weirder when you go even farther back in time right if you even farther back in time right if you even farther back in time right if you take 10 or 11 of those 50-year life take 10 or 11 of those 50-year life take 10 or 11 of those 50-year life spans

spans spans great great great great great whatever great great great great great whatever great great great great great whatever you want to say 10 or 11 of them and now you want to say 10 or 11 of them and now you want to say 10 or 11 of them and now you're back in Columbus's time and you're back in Columbus's time and you're back in Columbus's time and you're talking about there being no you're talking about there being no you're talking about there being no Europeans anywhere in the hemisphere you say 1492 well you say five or six you say 1492 well you say five or six hundred years ago it just seems like hundred years ago it just seems like hundred years ago it just seems like forever ago you say 10 or 11 50-year forever ago you say 10 or 11 50-year forever ago you say 10 or 11 50-year lifespans doesn't seem that long at all lifespans doesn't seem that long at all lifespans doesn't seem that long at all does it you want to keep playing that game if you want to keep playing that game if you say a 20 of those lifespans great great great great great great great great great great grandfather whatever it is 20 lifespans grandfather whatever it is 20 lifespans grandfather whatever it is 20 lifespans and you are in you know the Early Middle and you are in you know the Early Middle and you are in you know the Early Middle Ages Norman Saxons William the Conqueror Ages Norman Saxons William the Conqueror Ages Norman Saxons William the Conqueror Vikings 20 human lifetimes of 50 years Vikings 20 human lifetimes of 50 years Vikings 20 human lifetimes of 50 years 40 of those human lifetimes 40 of them 40 of those human lifetimes 40 of them 40 of those human lifetimes 40 of them and you're in Julius Caesar's time and you're in Julius Caesar's time and you're in Julius Caesar's time period the death throws of the Roman period the death throws of the Roman period the death throws of the Roman Republic Republic Republic 60 of those lifetimes and you're in Old 60 of those lifetimes and you're in Old 60 of those lifetimes and you're in Old Testament time Testament time Testament time 90 of those 50-year life spans 90. and 90 of those 50-year life spans 90. and 90 of those 50-year life spans 90. and you can watch the Great Pyramids being you can watch the Great Pyramids being you can watch the Great Pyramids being built in Egypt built in Egypt built in Egypt and before that it's basically and before that it's basically and before that it's basically prehistory so the thousands and prehistory so the thousands and prehistory so the thousands and thousands of human lifetimes that are thousands of human lifetimes that are thousands of human lifetimes that are part of your ancestral genetic code only part of your ancestral genetic code only part of your ancestral genetic code only the last 90 or 100 or something like the last 90 or 100 or something like the last 90 or 100 or something like that

that that all that is is all recorded history and all that is is all recorded history and all that is is all recorded history and it's hardly any of your past it's hardly any of your past it's hardly any of your past that to me is absolutely mind-blowing that to me is absolutely mind-blowing that to me is absolutely mind-blowing and I feel like the ramifications should and I feel like the ramifications should and I feel like the ramifications should be huge even if you know to my editor's be huge even if you know to my editor's be huge even if you know to my editor's dismay I can't tell you what the story dismay I can't tell you what the story dismay I can't tell you what the story is here one of the things I have always been one of the things I have always been fascinated with fascinated with fascinated with is how the people from a very very long is how the people from a very very long is how the people from a very very long time ago saw their own very very ancient time ago saw their own very very ancient time ago saw their own very very ancient past I mean for example past I mean for example past I mean for example there is there is there is a a a Kings list Kings list Kings list that the Neo Assyrian scribes put that the Neo Assyrian scribes put that the Neo Assyrian scribes put together in the neo-assyrian Empire the together in the neo-assyrian Empire the together in the neo-assyrian Empire the neo-assyrians were the last of the great neo-assyrians were the last of the great neo-assyrians were the last of the great Assyrian States the high water mark of Assyrian States the high water mark of Assyrian States the high water mark of their political and Military dominance their political and Military dominance their political and Military dominance uh think 750 BCE and you're right there uh think 750 BCE and you're right there uh think 750 BCE and you're right there well the Neo Assyrian scribes concocted well the Neo Assyrian scribes concocted well the Neo Assyrian scribes concocted a Kings list right one king after a Kings list right one king after a Kings list right one king after another after another that stretched all another after another that stretched all another after another that stretched all the way back in time the way back in time the way back in time that chronicled their rulers going back that chronicled their rulers going back that chronicled their rulers going back remember from their own time period remember from their own time period remember from their own time period which is like 750 BCE Going Back 2 000 which is like 750 BCE Going Back 2 000 which is like 750 BCE Going Back 2 000 years from there I loved that they referred to the first I loved that they referred to the first 17 Kings in their kings list as the 17 Kings in their kings list as the 17 Kings in their kings list as the Kings who lived in tents

Kings who lived in tents Kings who lived in tents denoting that these were like nomadic denoting that these were like nomadic denoting that these were like nomadic Kings right people who didn't even live Kings right people who didn't even live Kings right people who didn't even live in houses in houses in houses now most historians will tell you that now most historians will tell you that now most historians will tell you that those sorts of legendary historical those sorts of legendary historical those sorts of legendary historical creation lists are a bunch of nonsense creation lists are a bunch of nonsense creation lists are a bunch of nonsense and that they go from you know really and that they go from you know really and that they go from you know really attestable rulers that we know existed attestable rulers that we know existed attestable rulers that we know existed to people that may or may not have to people that may or may not have to people that may or may not have existed to a bunch of you know kings in existed to a bunch of you know kings in existed to a bunch of you know kings in the distant past that were almost the distant past that were almost the distant past that were almost certainly fictitious but how's that any certainly fictitious but how's that any certainly fictitious but how's that any different than all of us doing what the different than all of us doing what the different than all of us doing what the 19th century made common right trying to 19th century made common right trying to 19th century made common right trying to associate our current situation with associate our current situation with associate our current situation with some wonderful glorious ancient lineage some wonderful glorious ancient lineage some wonderful glorious ancient lineage the ancient the syrians were no the ancient the syrians were no the ancient the syrians were no different different different what is a little different though is what is a little different though is what is a little different though is what became of them maybe compared to what became of them maybe compared to what became of them maybe compared to what will become of us my favorite story what will become of us my favorite story what will become of us my favorite story almost certainly I mean I it's top five almost certainly I mean I it's top five almost certainly I mean I it's top five for me from the ancient world and all for me from the ancient world and all for me from the ancient world and all the ancient writings and we quoted it in the ancient writings and we quoted it in the ancient writings and we quoted it in the show we did on the Assyrians the show we did on the Assyrians the show we did on the Assyrians Judgment at Nineveh available from the Judgment at Nineveh available from the Judgment at Nineveh available from the website if you want it although one of website if you want it although one of website if you want it although one of the many shows I'd like to read you with the many shows I'd like to read you with the many shows I'd like to read you with the modern sort of approach where we go the modern sort of approach where we go the modern sort of approach where we go and do it more deeply and over a longer and do it more deeply and over a longer and do it more deeply and over a longer period of time but is the wonderful period of time but is the wonderful period of time but is the wonderful story from the um Greek General xenophon story from the um Greek General xenophon story from the um Greek General xenophon when he came upon what used to be some when he came upon what used to be some when he came upon what used to be some of the grandest cities in the world a of the grandest cities in the world a of the grandest cities in the world a couple hundred years after their couple hundred years after their couple hundred years after their Grandeur had passed Grandeur had passed Grandeur had passed and they you know xenophon was a Greek and they you know xenophon was a Greek and they you know xenophon was a Greek General whose men were involved in a General whose men were involved in a General whose men were involved in a Persian dynastic struggle they ended up

Persian dynastic struggle they ended up Persian dynastic struggle they ended up on the losing side and and had this on the losing side and and had this on the losing side and and had this amazing account of trying to get home amazing account of trying to get home amazing account of trying to get home from the battle site which was deep in from the battle site which was deep in from the battle site which was deep in in like Iraq uh all the way back to in like Iraq uh all the way back to in like Iraq uh all the way back to Greece harried the whole way by the by Greece harried the whole way by the by Greece harried the whole way by the by the enemy forces but at one point in the enemy forces but at one point in the enemy forces but at one point in xenophon's account and he's writing this xenophon's account and he's writing this xenophon's account and he's writing this you know like in 401 400 BCE right to us you know like in 401 400 BCE right to us you know like in 401 400 BCE right to us it's very very ancient times but he runs it's very very ancient times but he runs it's very very ancient times but he runs across ancient cities cities that are across ancient cities cities that are across ancient cities cities that are ancient in his time period right we ancient in his time period right we ancient in his time period right we wondered about how the Assyrians saw wondered about how the Assyrians saw wondered about how the Assyrians saw their ancient past well this wasn't their ancient past well this wasn't their ancient past well this wasn't xenophon's ancient past these weren't xenophon's ancient past these weren't xenophon's ancient past these weren't Greek cities these were Assyrian cities Greek cities these were Assyrian cities Greek cities these were Assyrian cities but Assyria had been gone for a couple but Assyria had been gone for a couple but Assyria had been gone for a couple hundred years and xenophon had no idea hundred years and xenophon had no idea hundred years and xenophon had no idea about them he talked about these I about them he talked about these I about them he talked about these I always call them ghost cities because always call them ghost cities because always call them ghost cities because they're cities that are literally just they're cities that are literally just they're cities that are literally just turning to dust because the these cities turning to dust because the these cities turning to dust because the these cities were often made up of the mud bricks were often made up of the mud bricks were often made up of the mud bricks that they used to use as an that they used to use as an that they used to use as an archaeological building uh material back archaeological building uh material back archaeological building uh material back then and xenophon described how tall the and xenophon described how tall the walls were how big the city's walls were how big the city's walls were how big the city's circumferences were and all these kinds circumferences were and all these kinds circumferences were and all these kinds of things and you can tell he's plainly of things and you can tell he's plainly of things and you can tell he's plainly um um um astonished by what he sees these are astonished by what he sees these are astonished by what he sees these are cities that are probably bigger than cities that are probably bigger than cities that are probably bigger than anything in Greece or certainly as big anything in Greece or certainly as big anything in Greece or certainly as big as the big cities in Greece and yet as the big cities in Greece and yet as the big cities in Greece and yet they're clearly from a much earlier time they're clearly from a much earlier time they're clearly from a much earlier time period period period now this is a guy being pursued and On now this is a guy being pursued and On now this is a guy being pursued and On the Run by his enemies but he still had

the Run by his enemies but he still had the Run by his enemies but he still had time to make a few inquiries to the time to make a few inquiries to the time to make a few inquiries to the local people squatting here and there local people squatting here and there local people squatting here and there around these giant ancient around these giant ancient around these giant ancient structures and the people give him the structures and the people give him the structures and the people give him the wrong answer they don't know who it wrong answer they don't know who it wrong answer they don't know who it belongs to either it's only belongs to either it's only belongs to either it's only a couple hundred years since they were a couple hundred years since they were a couple hundred years since they were destroyed a series enemies combined and destroyed a series enemies combined and destroyed a series enemies combined and brought that Empire down and destroyed brought that Empire down and destroyed brought that Empire down and destroyed these cities but xenophon already can't these cities but xenophon already can't these cities but xenophon already can't figure out who it was that built them figure out who it was that built them figure out who it was that built them I love that story because it's a story I love that story because it's a story I love that story because it's a story about Antiquity looking back on an even about Antiquity looking back on an even about Antiquity looking back on an even earlier antiquity earlier antiquity earlier antiquity and there seems to be kind of a a sort and there seems to be kind of a a sort and there seems to be kind of a a sort of a cosmic lesson there that we seem to of a cosmic lesson there that we seem to of a cosmic lesson there that we seem to think ourselves immune from and it's the think ourselves immune from and it's the think ourselves immune from and it's the lesson that someday somebody could be lesson that someday somebody could be lesson that someday somebody could be going through our ruins and asking you going through our ruins and asking you going through our ruins and asking you know the few squatters here and there know the few squatters here and there know the few squatters here and there who built them who built them who built them and if you don't believe that's possible and if you don't believe that's possible and if you don't believe that's possible let me just suggest to you that that's let me just suggest to you that that's let me just suggest to you that that's probably what your average Assyrian probably what your average Assyrian probably what your average Assyrian person on the street would have said to person on the street would have said to person on the street would have said to me if I did one of those and I used to me if I did one of those and I used to me if I did one of those and I used to hate those those classic you know we hate those those classic you know we hate those those classic you know we used to call them Moses man on the used to call them Moses man on the used to call them Moses man on the street but today you'd say person on the street but today you'd say person on the street but today you'd say person on the street interviews if I'd gone to your street interviews if I'd gone to your street interviews if I'd gone to your average Assyrian and Nineveh and said so average Assyrian and Nineveh and said so average Assyrian and Nineveh and said so do you think someday this city will be a do you think someday this city will be a do you think someday this city will be a ruin and no one will even remember ruin and no one will even remember ruin and no one will even remember Assyria I would think they would think I Assyria I would think they would think I Assyria I would think they would think I was crazy and that's what people today was crazy and that's what people today was crazy and that's what people today would think if I asked them a similar would think if I asked them a similar would think if I asked them a similar question

question question but the Long View seems to indicate that but the Long View seems to indicate that but the Long View seems to indicate that that's how most things have gone in the that's how most things have gone in the that's how most things have gone in the past which means one of two things as I past which means one of two things as I past which means one of two things as I always say either things will continue always say either things will continue always say either things will continue to go as they always had and that will to go as they always had and that will to go as they always had and that will be interesting or they will defy be interesting or they will defy be interesting or they will defy the way things have always gone and go the way things have always gone and go the way things have always gone and go in a different direction which is in a different direction which is in a different direction which is equally interesting equally interesting equally interesting so either we end up a ruin to somebody so either we end up a ruin to somebody so either we end up a ruin to somebody else or we don't both fascinating else or we don't both fascinating else or we don't both fascinating outcomes there were some other things though that there were some other things though that we haven't brought up that I think also we haven't brought up that I think also we haven't brought up that I think also are part of what the Long View seems to are part of what the Long View seems to are part of what the Long View seems to indicate to me indicate to me indicate to me we've always been hard we've always been hard we've always been hard on our environment on our environment on our environment and this is another thing that I think and this is another thing that I think and this is another thing that I think was part of an earlier era of things was part of an earlier era of things was part of an earlier era of things like anthropology that maybe is starting like anthropology that maybe is starting like anthropology that maybe is starting to also be seen in a different light to also be seen in a different light to also be seen in a different light this idea that human beings lived in this idea that human beings lived in this idea that human beings lived in harmony with nature Once Upon a Time harmony with nature Once Upon a Time harmony with nature Once Upon a Time I don't think that's true and I think I don't think that's true and I think I don't think that's true and I think like I said the uh and again maybe I'm like I said the uh and again maybe I'm like I said the uh and again maybe I'm choosing sides here but the choosing sides here but the choosing sides here but the anthropologists and stuff that I've been anthropologists and stuff that I've been anthropologists and stuff that I've been reading seem to suggest the same thing reading seem to suggest the same thing reading seem to suggest the same thing we've always been extremely hard we've always been extremely hard we've always been extremely hard wherever we've lived on the environment wherever we've lived on the environment wherever we've lived on the environment the difference between earlier eras and the difference between earlier eras and the difference between earlier eras and today are twofold one we create stuff today are twofold one we create stuff today are twofold one we create stuff now that doesn't biodegrade now that doesn't biodegrade now that doesn't biodegrade so if you were tough on your environment so if you were tough on your environment so if you were tough on your environment but it was just a question of chopping but it was just a question of chopping but it was just a question of chopping down all the foliage and leaving around down all the foliage and leaving around down all the foliage and leaving around biodegradable material and all that kind

biodegradable material and all that kind biodegradable material and all that kind of stuff well that goes away eventually of stuff well that goes away eventually of stuff well that goes away eventually If instead we're dealing with things If instead we're dealing with things If instead we're dealing with things like Plastics and polymers and all kinds like Plastics and polymers and all kinds like Plastics and polymers and all kinds of other things right of other things right of other things right um um um contaminants that don't go away well contaminants that don't go away well contaminants that don't go away well that's a different you know in other that's a different you know in other that's a different you know in other words we're being no better stewards of words we're being no better stewards of words we're being no better stewards of our environment than our ancestors were our environment than our ancestors were our environment than our ancestors were but the materials that were polluting but the materials that were polluting but the materials that were polluting our environment with are much more our environment with are much more our environment with are much more permanent so the environment stays much permanent so the environment stays much permanent so the environment stays much more damaged much longer more damaged much longer more damaged much longer and of course the other thing is when and of course the other thing is when and of course the other thing is when you're moving around in a nomadic state you're moving around in a nomadic state you're moving around in a nomadic state which would have been most of human which would have been most of human which would have been most of human history if we're looking at the 300 000 history if we're looking at the 300 000 history if we're looking at the 300 000 year lens well that means that you're year lens well that means that you're year lens well that means that you're able to give land time to recover after able to give land time to recover after able to give land time to recover after you've been hard on it and you see this you've been hard on it and you see this you've been hard on it and you see this with eight populations right they just with eight populations right they just with eight populations right they just they'll move from one burned out they'll move from one burned out they'll move from one burned out territory to another and by the time territory to another and by the time territory to another and by the time they get back to the original location they get back to the original location they get back to the original location in their range it's had time to recover in their range it's had time to recover in their range it's had time to recover and they haven't polluted it with and they haven't polluted it with and they haven't polluted it with forever chemicals right but we've always forever chemicals right but we've always forever chemicals right but we've always been hard on the environment so the fact been hard on the environment so the fact been hard on the environment so the fact that we're still hard on the environment that we're still hard on the environment that we're still hard on the environment is part of the consistency of looking at is part of the consistency of looking at is part of the consistency of looking at human behavior over the Long Haul which human behavior over the Long Haul which human behavior over the Long Haul which means that trying to extricate ourselves means that trying to extricate ourselves means that trying to extricate ourselves from this mess of destroying our from this mess of destroying our from this mess of destroying our environment is going to be well no one environment is going to be well no one environment is going to be well no one ever said it was going to be easy but we ever said it was going to be easy but we ever said it was going to be easy but we would literally have to change the way would literally have to change the way would literally have to change the way we have always been not revert to a way we have always been not revert to a way we have always been not revert to a way we used to be again I think it's a myth we used to be again I think it's a myth we used to be again I think it's a myth that we ever were in that that that we ever were in that that that we ever were in that that particular way way particular way way particular way way so humans have always moved and this is

so humans have always moved and this is so humans have always moved and this is where the notes that I have around me where the notes that I have around me where the notes that I have around me just it would start to overwhelm me but just it would start to overwhelm me but just it would start to overwhelm me but there were two lines that I just there were two lines that I just there were two lines that I just juxtaposed one right by the other one juxtaposed one right by the other one juxtaposed one right by the other one was this concept and again you'll often was this concept and again you'll often was this concept and again you'll often hear this from environmental groups a hear this from environmental groups a hear this from environmental groups a concept known as uh Seventh Generation concept known as uh Seventh Generation concept known as uh Seventh Generation philosophy philosophy philosophy and this is supposedly tied back to the and this is supposedly tied back to the and this is supposedly tied back to the Iroquois Confederation and the story Iroquois Confederation and the story Iroquois Confederation and the story goes that the people who ruled those goes that the people who ruled those goes that the people who ruled those Native American groups were taught to Native American groups were taught to Native American groups were taught to think about their decision making and think about their decision making and think about their decision making and how it would affect Seven Generations how it would affect Seven Generations how it would affect Seven Generations into the future into the future into the future now I love this concept but I find it now I love this concept but I find it now I love this concept but I find it hard to believe in it and the quote that hard to believe in it and the quote that hard to believe in it and the quote that I juxtaposed next to it was a quote by I juxtaposed next to it was a quote by I juxtaposed next to it was a quote by the 20th century economist John Maynard the 20th century economist John Maynard the 20th century economist John Maynard Keynes Keynes Keynes who was and you know the re the context who was and you know the re the context who was and you know the re the context behind it was somebody was talking about behind it was somebody was talking about behind it was somebody was talking about uh going through some hard times and uh going through some hard times and uh going through some hard times and letting the economic system correct letting the economic system correct letting the economic system correct itself over the Long Haul and he said itself over the Long Haul and he said itself over the Long Haul and he said and and the quote is something like well and and the quote is something like well and and the quote is something like well you know in the Long Haul we're all dead you know in the Long Haul we're all dead you know in the Long Haul we're all dead or in the long run we're all dead and or in the long run we're all dead and or in the long run we're all dead and the point he was trying to make was that the point he was trying to make was that the point he was trying to make was that if you tell somebody well things will if you tell somebody well things will if you tell somebody well things will get better but they won't get better get better but they won't get better get better but they won't get better till after your lifespan is over well till after your lifespan is over well till after your lifespan is over well you're condemning that poor person then you're condemning that poor person then you're condemning that poor person then to have to live a terrible life because to have to live a terrible life because to have to live a terrible life because you're telling them that that it's it's you're telling them that that it's it's you're telling them that that it's it's part of something that you're doing for

part of something that you're doing for part of something that you're doing for the good of something farther past your the good of something farther past your the good of something farther past your Horizon and he was insinuating that you Horizon and he was insinuating that you Horizon and he was insinuating that you might change the future Horizon if you might change the future Horizon if you might change the future Horizon if you just tried to improve this person's life just tried to improve this person's life just tried to improve this person's life now and didn't try to worry about the now and didn't try to worry about the now and didn't try to worry about the amorphous stuff you know in the future amorphous stuff you know in the future amorphous stuff you know in the future well I was trying to think about well I was trying to think about well I was trying to think about artificial intelligence which is all on artificial intelligence which is all on artificial intelligence which is all on the news right now of course the news right now of course the news right now of course um and if you had said to an AI program um and if you had said to an AI program um and if you had said to an AI program that it needed to run Society but that that it needed to run Society but that that it needed to run Society but that it needed to have as its founding sort it needed to have as its founding sort it needed to have as its founding sort of guiding principles the Seventh of guiding principles the Seventh of guiding principles the Seventh Generation philosophy is its thinking Generation philosophy is its thinking Generation philosophy is its thinking and I can't tell you that I came up with and I can't tell you that I came up with and I can't tell you that I came up with any specific scenarios except that AI any specific scenarios except that AI any specific scenarios except that AI destroys the world which is the one I destroys the world which is the one I destroys the world which is the one I normally come up with about 80 of the normally come up with about 80 of the normally come up with about 80 of the time but the idea of trying to manage time but the idea of trying to manage time but the idea of trying to manage human resources human resources human resources for the good of people 200 years from for the good of people 200 years from for the good of people 200 years from now for example just seemed to go now for example just seemed to go now for example just seemed to go against all of the human proclivities against all of the human proclivities against all of the human proclivities built into US I mean if you have to I built into US I mean if you have to I built into US I mean if you have to I mean throughout most of human history we mean throughout most of human history we mean throughout most of human history we live so hand-to-mouth that the idea of live so hand-to-mouth that the idea of live so hand-to-mouth that the idea of trying to preserve things for future trying to preserve things for future trying to preserve things for future generations and this goes back to the generations and this goes back to the generations and this goes back to the Keynes quote a little bit would Keynes quote a little bit would Keynes quote a little bit would certainly mean a poorer lifestyle or certainly mean a poorer lifestyle or certainly mean a poorer lifestyle or maybe not even surviving to the current maybe not even surviving to the current maybe not even surviving to the current generation you lived in right at the sea generation you lived in right at the sea generation you lived in right at the sea record really we're trying to decide record really we're trying to decide record really we're trying to decide things for seven generations in their things for seven generations in their things for seven generations in their future then they were prosperous people future then they were prosperous people future then they were prosperous people indeed indeed indeed most people don't have those kinds of

most people don't have those kinds of most people don't have those kinds of you know the wealth and the options and you know the wealth and the options and you know the wealth and the options and the Surplus the Surplus the Surplus it's hard enough getting through the it's hard enough getting through the it's hard enough getting through the winter much less trying to preserve winter much less trying to preserve winter much less trying to preserve stuff so the people 200 years in the stuff so the people 200 years in the stuff so the people 200 years in the future have enough for themselves right future have enough for themselves right future have enough for themselves right don't cut down this for us now well why don't cut down this for us now well why don't cut down this for us now well why it would make our lives so much better it would make our lives so much better it would make our lives so much better well what about people 200 years from well what about people 200 years from well what about people 200 years from now well if we don't manage our now well if we don't manage our now well if we don't manage our resources better now we won't be here resources better now we won't be here resources better now we won't be here 200 years from now see what I'm saying 200 years from now see what I'm saying 200 years from now see what I'm saying interesting to think about how an AI interesting to think about how an AI interesting to think about how an AI would try to figure out a way would try to figure out a way would try to figure out a way to manage human to manage human to manage human resources and needs and actions with resources and needs and actions with resources and needs and actions with that long of a timeline I mean we might that long of a timeline I mean we might that long of a timeline I mean we might have to put up with a ton of things have to put up with a ton of things have to put up with a ton of things today going away that make our lives today going away that make our lives today going away that make our lives what they are what they are what they are on the grounds that to do otherwise on the grounds that to do otherwise on the grounds that to do otherwise would be to hamstring people hundreds of would be to hamstring people hundreds of would be to hamstring people hundreds of years from now from living lives you years from now from living lives you years from now from living lives you know well at all this is exactly the sort of problem this is exactly the sort of problem you know something that so runs against you know something that so runs against you know something that so runs against the grain of what our past history seems the grain of what our past history seems the grain of what our past history seems to indicate is our pattern where a to indicate is our pattern where a to indicate is our pattern where a person like yours truly is person like yours truly is person like yours truly is susceptible to seduction by something susceptible to seduction by something susceptible to seduction by something like the artificial intelligence Wild like the artificial intelligence Wild like the artificial intelligence Wild Card answer to our problems because Card answer to our problems because Card answer to our problems because otherwise it can become depressing to otherwise it can become depressing to otherwise it can become depressing to look at just how consistently we live a look at just how consistently we live a look at just how consistently we live a certain way over the Long View and then

certain way over the Long View and then certain way over the Long View and then expect those ways and those patterns of expect those ways and those patterns of expect those ways and those patterns of behavior to change just because we've behavior to change just because we've behavior to change just because we've invented weapons for example that are so invented weapons for example that are so invented weapons for example that are so destructive that fighting the kind of destructive that fighting the kind of destructive that fighting the kind of wars that we had become accustomed to wars that we had become accustomed to wars that we had become accustomed to fighting would be practically suicidal fighting would be practically suicidal fighting would be practically suicidal genocidal for sure and you can't even genocidal for sure and you can't even genocidal for sure and you can't even imagine something like that happening imagine something like that happening imagine something like that happening but our past history would suggest that but our past history would suggest that but our past history would suggest that imagining anything else is probably imagining anything else is probably imagining anything else is probably being far too optimistic being far too optimistic being far too optimistic unless of course you can throw a wild unless of course you can throw a wild unless of course you can throw a wild card into things that you know upsets card into things that you know upsets card into things that you know upsets that balance in other words what if you that balance in other words what if you that balance in other words what if you had a fix had a fix had a fix you know something that came in there you know something that came in there you know something that came in there and prevented us from doing the very and prevented us from doing the very and prevented us from doing the very things we've always done depressingly things we've always done depressingly things we've always done depressingly always done right we're going to destroy always done right we're going to destroy always done right we're going to destroy the environment well let's invent the environment well let's invent the environment well let's invent something that will prevent us from something that will prevent us from something that will prevent us from destroying the environment right so destroying the environment right so destroying the environment right so Seventh Generation thinking infused into Seventh Generation thinking infused into Seventh Generation thinking infused into our robot overlords that's how the you our robot overlords that's how the you our robot overlords that's how the you know Kurt Vonnegut novel on Dan Carlin's know Kurt Vonnegut novel on Dan Carlin's know Kurt Vonnegut novel on Dan Carlin's idea for saving us from ourselves with idea for saving us from ourselves with idea for saving us from ourselves with artificial intelligence would go it artificial intelligence would go it artificial intelligence would go it would make a great movie wouldn't it would make a great movie wouldn't it would make a great movie wouldn't it perfect science fiction dystopian perfect science fiction dystopian perfect science fiction dystopian classic you know invented by classic you know invented by classic you know invented by misanthropic people who didn't trust misanthropic people who didn't trust misanthropic people who didn't trust people to handle people problems and people to handle people problems and people to handle people problems and wanted a wild card instead but you can wanted a wild card instead but you can wanted a wild card instead but you can see how it could seduce a person like see how it could seduce a person like see how it could seduce a person like yours truly yours truly yours truly and there's something wonderfully and there's something wonderfully and there's something wonderfully symmetric about the whole thing that's symmetric about the whole thing that's symmetric about the whole thing that's appealing also this idea that appealing also this idea that appealing also this idea that our answer to the problem of inventing

our answer to the problem of inventing our answer to the problem of inventing all these things over time that have all these things over time that have all these things over time that have made Modern Life possible Right the kind made Modern Life possible Right the kind made Modern Life possible Right the kind of Lifestyles and progress that you know of Lifestyles and progress that you know of Lifestyles and progress that you know we all live lives that only the very we all live lives that only the very we all live lives that only the very very very very most privileged and very very very most privileged and very very very most privileged and wealthy people in the past ever lived I wealthy people in the past ever lived I wealthy people in the past ever lived I mean we've got this wonderful Planet mean we've got this wonderful Planet mean we've got this wonderful Planet we've created through all of our we've created through all of our we've created through all of our inventiveness there's a wonderful inventiveness there's a wonderful inventiveness there's a wonderful symmetry to the idea that we could symmetry to the idea that we could symmetry to the idea that we could invent our way out of our inventiveness invent our way out of our inventiveness invent our way out of our inventiveness problem or at least our inventiveness problem or at least our inventiveness problem or at least our inventiveness byproducts problem I like that byproducts problem I like that byproducts problem I like that and one can also make the case that you and one can also make the case that you and one can also make the case that you know the last couple of hundred years know the last couple of hundred years know the last couple of hundred years have put human Collective intellectual have put human Collective intellectual have put human Collective intellectual capacity in the ability of entire human capacity in the ability of entire human capacity in the ability of entire human societies to adjust under huge amounts societies to adjust under huge amounts societies to adjust under huge amounts of pressure of pressure of pressure when the need to speedily evolve to when the need to speedily evolve to when the need to speedily evolve to handle handle handle what are what are what are historically very rapid changes I mean historically very rapid changes I mean historically very rapid changes I mean the last couple of hundred years there's the last couple of hundred years there's the last couple of hundred years there's well as we've always said there's going well as we've always said there's going well as we've always said there's going to come a time where you're going to to come a time where you're going to to come a time where you're going to reach the limits of Humanity's ability reach the limits of Humanity's ability reach the limits of Humanity's ability to evolve and adjust to changes at the to evolve and adjust to changes at the to evolve and adjust to changes at the pace of change as it continues to speed pace of change as it continues to speed pace of change as it continues to speed up up up now we may have reached that point now we may have reached that point now we may have reached that point already or it may be in our future but already or it may be in our future but already or it may be in our future but at some point it's going to arrive and at some point it's going to arrive and at some point it's going to arrive and at that point the only thing one can at that point the only thing one can at that point the only thing one can suggest that would solve a problem like suggest that would solve a problem like suggest that would solve a problem like that is human inventiveness having that is human inventiveness having that is human inventiveness having invented something that could go beyond

invented something that could go beyond invented something that could go beyond human evolutionary capacity to change human evolutionary capacity to change human evolutionary capacity to change more quickly than human brains and human more quickly than human brains and human more quickly than human brains and human societies can change societies can change societies can change that is a pro-artificial intelligence that is a pro-artificial intelligence that is a pro-artificial intelligence argument right there isn't it argument right there isn't it argument right there isn't it the idea that you need something like the idea that you need something like the idea that you need something like this to sort of save Humanity this to sort of save Humanity this to sort of save Humanity the anti-artificial intelligence the anti-artificial intelligence the anti-artificial intelligence argument though is well known and well argument though is well known and well argument though is well known and well understood too basically it boils down understood too basically it boils down understood too basically it boils down to a question is it ever Smart to build to a question is it ever Smart to build to a question is it ever Smart to build something that will be smarter than you something that will be smarter than you something that will be smarter than you are are are I don't know what the right answer is in I don't know what the right answer is in I don't know what the right answer is in a case like this because sometimes I a case like this because sometimes I a case like this because sometimes I wish we had something smarter than we wish we had something smarter than we wish we had something smarter than we are but the obvious downside of that is are but the obvious downside of that is are but the obvious downside of that is well obvious well obvious well obvious and even if we had a choice in the and even if we had a choice in the and even if we had a choice in the matter and I'm not sure we do I don't matter and I'm not sure we do I don't matter and I'm not sure we do I don't know what the right choice would be I know what the right choice would be I know what the right choice would be I remember James Burke asking the question remember James Burke asking the question remember James Burke asking the question the great science historian a long time the great science historian a long time the great science historian a long time ago if you looked over the technological ago if you looked over the technological ago if you looked over the technological Horizon and you didn't like what you saw Horizon and you didn't like what you saw Horizon and you didn't like what you saw and you didn't want to invent and deal and you didn't want to invent and deal and you didn't want to invent and deal with the ramifications of inventing with the ramifications of inventing with the ramifications of inventing something in the future could you decide something in the future could you decide something in the future could you decide not to not to not to and I don't know what the answer to that and I don't know what the answer to that and I don't know what the answer to that is and I don't know exactly which way is and I don't know exactly which way is and I don't know exactly which way this will go but if you are a betting this will go but if you are a betting this will go but if you are a betting person it would be smart to look at person it would be smart to look at person it would be smart to look at exactly how things have gone

exactly how things have gone exactly how things have gone and note that it's probably the safe bet and note that it's probably the safe bet and note that it's probably the safe bet to assume that we humans will do just to assume that we humans will do just to assume that we humans will do just what we have always done what we have always done what we have always done foreign