Dan Carlin's Hardcore History 72 Mania for Subjugation II

what you're about to hear is part two of what you're about to hear is part two of a multi-part series on Alexander the a multi-part series on Alexander the a multi-part series on Alexander the Great if you missed part one and need to Great if you missed part one and need to Great if you missed part one and need to catch that first we recommend it if you catch that first we recommend it if you catch that first we recommend it if you didn't hear part one but don't mind you didn't hear part one but don't mind you didn't hear part one but don't mind you know starting a story in the middle well know starting a story in the middle well know starting a story in the middle well please feel free to keep going and for please feel free to keep going and for please feel free to keep going and for the rest of you without further Ado part the rest of you without further Ado part the rest of you without further Ado part two of mania for two of mania for two of mania for subjugation December subjugation December subjugation December 7th 1941 a date which will live 1941 a date which will live in infamy it's history one small step in infamy it's history one small step in infamy it's history one small step for for for man the from this time and place take pride the from this time and place take pride in the words ish B in the words ish B in the words ish B Mr Mr Mr gorbachov tear down this world the gorbachov tear down this world the gorbachov tear down this world the drama urg Marine 6 power 2 has had a drama urg Marine 6 power 2 has had a drama urg Marine 6 power 2 has had a major explosion and what appears to be a major explosion and what appears to be a major explosion and what appears to be a complete collapse surrounding the entire complete collapse surrounding the entire complete collapse surrounding the entire area I welcome this kind of examination area I welcome this kind of examination area I welcome this kind of examination because people have got to know whether because people have got to know whether because people have got to know whether or not their president deep questions or not their president deep questions or not their president deep questions well I'm not a CR if we dig deep in our well I'm not a CR if we dig deep in our well I'm not a CR if we dig deep in our history in our doct and remember that we history in our doct and remember that we history in our doct and remember that we are not descended from fearful men are not descended from fearful men are not descended from fearful men on the

History one of the things that I find History one of the things that I find terrifying about terrifying about terrifying about life is life is life is how Fortune can just turn on a how Fortune can just turn on a how Fortune can just turn on a dime and I think it's more of a cynical dime and I think it's more of a cynical dime and I think it's more of a cynical pessimist's way of looking at that sort pessimist's way of looking at that sort pessimist's way of looking at that sort of dynamic than an optimist an optimist of dynamic than an optimist an optimist of dynamic than an optimist an optimist would say thank goodness life can turn would say thank goodness life can turn would say thank goodness life can turn on the dime you could you know hit the on the dime you could you know hit the on the dime you could you know hit the lottery tomorrow change everything lottery tomorrow change everything lottery tomorrow change everything wouldn't it so that's that's a certain wouldn't it so that's that's a certain wouldn't it so that's that's a certain kind of personality maybe but I'm more kind of personality maybe but I'm more kind of personality maybe but I'm more of the person that just says okay gosh of the person that just says okay gosh of the person that just says okay gosh just protect me from a bolt from the just protect me from a bolt from the just protect me from a bolt from the blue that's a great term a bolt from the blue that's a great term a bolt from the blue that's a great term a bolt from the blue protect me from something that just blue protect me from something that just blue protect me from something that just instantly changes my world and turns it instantly changes my world and turns it instantly changes my world and turns it upside down upside down upside down probably for the worse probably for the worse probably for the worse right and this Bolt from the blue aspect right and this Bolt from the blue aspect right and this Bolt from the blue aspect of our existence is operating on every of our existence is operating on every of our existence is operating on every level right your individual levels level right your individual levels level right your individual levels something Mak can happen in your life we something Mak can happen in your life we something Mak can happen in your life we are soft are soft are soft squishy beings and doesn't take much for squishy beings and doesn't take much for squishy beings and doesn't take much for us to get hurt I mean so things happen us to get hurt I mean so things happen us to get hurt I mean so things happen all the time right illness is things all the time right illness is things all the time right illness is things strike a bold from the blue in your strike a bold from the blue in your strike a bold from the blue in your personal personal personal life but this works on the giant super life but this works on the giant super life but this works on the giant super macro scale macro scale macro scale too something happens and all of our too something happens and all of our too something happens and all of our worlds are thrown in a completely worlds are thrown in a completely worlds are thrown in a completely different direction as quickly as a different direction as quickly as a different direction as quickly as a billiard ball carams off another

billiard ball carams off another billiard ball carams off another billiard ball and changes its trajectory billiard ball and changes its trajectory billiard ball and changes its trajectory entirely I mean if you're old enough to entirely I mean if you're old enough to entirely I mean if you're old enough to have consciously lived through something have consciously lived through something have consciously lived through something like the 911 attacks you know what what like the 911 attacks you know what what like the 911 attacks you know what what that's that's that's like that's wake up in one world go to like that's wake up in one world go to like that's wake up in one world go to bed that night in a completely different bed that night in a completely different bed that night in a completely different world and know world and know world and know it I and Pearl Harbor was that way too it I and Pearl Harbor was that way too it I and Pearl Harbor was that way too just to take a couple of American things just to take a couple of American things just to take a couple of American things but this is so common every people on but this is so common every people on but this is so common every people on the planet can name historical Bolts the planet can name historical Bolts the planet can name historical Bolts from the blue that had that same sort of from the blue that had that same sort of from the blue that had that same sort of an effect in their world it's not an effect in their world it's not an effect in their world it's not uncommon at all right in your personal uncommon at all right in your personal uncommon at all right in your personal life all the way up to Global life all the way up to Global life all the way up to Global Affairs and in a lot of cases we should Affairs and in a lot of cases we should Affairs and in a lot of cases we should remember a bolt from the blue that remember a bolt from the blue that remember a bolt from the blue that impacts Global affairs impacts Global affairs impacts Global affairs can still be a bolt from the blue at can still be a bolt from the blue at can still be a bolt from the blue at Ground Zero on an individual level too I Ground Zero on an individual level too I Ground Zero on an individual level too I mean to just go back to the 911 attacks mean to just go back to the 911 attacks mean to just go back to the 911 attacks we're all affected by the 911 attacks we're all affected by the 911 attacks we're all affected by the 911 attacks the minute it happens right your sense the minute it happens right your sense the minute it happens right your sense of stability is upset you don't know of stability is upset you don't know of stability is upset you don't know what's going to happen next we're all a what's going to happen next we're all a what's going to happen next we're all a bit traumatized but the families of bit traumatized but the families of bit traumatized but the families of people who died in the 911 attacks well people who died in the 911 attacks well people who died in the 911 attacks well they get all of that that we get and they get all of that that we get and they get all of that that we get and then they get the impact on ground zero then they get the impact on ground zero then they get the impact on ground zero in their family where they've suffered in their family where they've suffered in their family where they've suffered you know a bolt from the blue where the you know a bolt from the blue where the you know a bolt from the blue where the r of pain will continue to emanate in r of pain will continue to emanate in r of pain will continue to emanate in their individual world for a generation their individual world for a generation their individual world for a generation two or three right for two or three right for two or three right for 20-year-old Alexander III right the 20-year-old Alexander III right the 20-year-old Alexander III right the future Alexander the Great as we will

future Alexander the Great as we will future Alexander the Great as we will know him it's very possible watching his know him it's very possible watching his know him it's very possible watching his dad get stabbed to death publicly in dad get stabbed to death publicly in dad get stabbed to death publicly in front of a crowd of for the most part front of a crowd of for the most part front of a crowd of for the most part important important important people to watch that from a few feet people to watch that from a few feet people to watch that from a few feet away away away well that has the potential to be both well that has the potential to be both well that has the potential to be both those things doesn't it because those things doesn't it because those things doesn't it because obviously you take out the most obviously you take out the most obviously you take out the most important person in the history of that important person in the history of that important person in the history of that region if we're talking about sort of region if we're talking about sort of region if we're talking about sort of the great man theory of history or the the great man theory of history or the the great man theory of history or the just in the geopolitical Kings Conquest just in the geopolitical Kings Conquest just in the geopolitical Kings Conquest you know politics uh real politique and you know politics uh real politique and you know politics uh real politique and all that sort of stuff you're taking out all that sort of stuff you're taking out all that sort of stuff you're taking out the most important figure potentially in the most important figure potentially in the most important figure potentially in the history of the region if not well the history of the region if not well the history of the region if not well one of the top ones certainly the most one of the top ones certainly the most one of the top ones certainly the most important during this time period uh you important during this time period uh you important during this time period uh you take out this guy changed the whole take out this guy changed the whole take out this guy changed the whole world I mean you tried to find other world I mean you tried to find other world I mean you tried to find other people in history where it would have people in history where it would have people in history where it would have been this big well what about Hitler in been this big well what about Hitler in been this big well what about Hitler in 1940 not to compare the two in a moral 1940 not to compare the two in a moral 1940 not to compare the two in a moral sense um but I mean you take out Adolf sense um but I mean you take out Adolf sense um but I mean you take out Adolf Hitler in 1940 or 1939 and you can't Hitler in 1940 or 1939 and you can't Hitler in 1940 or 1939 and you can't even fantasize on how things are even fantasize on how things are even fantasize on how things are different and you could say the same different and you could say the same different and you could say the same thing about someone like you know thing about someone like you know thing about someone like you know Franklin Roosevelt or Churchill too and Franklin Roosevelt or Churchill too and Franklin Roosevelt or Churchill too and no question had those two di died of a no question had those two di died of a no question had those two di died of a heart attack or something at the start heart attack or something at the start heart attack or something at the start of the second world war a bazillion of the second world war a bazillion of the second world war a bazillion things change in major ways but those things change in major ways but those things change in major ways but those systems of diffused power and sorts of systems of diffused power and sorts of systems of diffused power and sorts of internal rules of succession and all internal rules of succession and all internal rules of succession and all that would have fared much better right that would have fared much better right that would have fared much better right the US is just going to plug a different the US is just going to plug a different the US is just going to plug a different president into the White House and it's president into the White House and it's president into the White House and it's going to be different but in a lot of going to be different but in a lot of going to be different but in a lot of ways it's not you take Hitler uh from

ways it's not you take Hitler uh from ways it's not you take Hitler uh from the leadership position of Germany right the leadership position of Germany right the leadership position of Germany right at the start of the second world war and at the start of the second world war and at the start of the second world war and you can't even imagine what happens and you can't even imagine what happens and you can't even imagine what happens and the situation in Macedonia when Philip the situation in Macedonia when Philip the situation in Macedonia when Philip II is murdered is much more similar to II is murdered is much more similar to II is murdered is much more similar to that it has to do with the fact that so that it has to do with the fact that so that it has to do with the fact that so much power is wrapped up in one person much power is wrapped up in one person much power is wrapped up in one person right and the system itself isn't really right and the system itself isn't really right and the system itself isn't really set up for what happens without that set up for what happens without that set up for what happens without that person they've created this intricate person they've created this intricate person they've created this intricate web that really relies on them being the web that really relies on them being the web that really relies on them being the spider in the middle of it for it to all spider in the middle of it for it to all spider in the middle of it for it to all work and you take the spider out and work and you take the spider out and work and you take the spider out and then what do you have so that is a 9911 then what do you have so that is a 9911 then what do you have so that is a 9911 moment right uh the minute it happens moment right uh the minute it happens moment right uh the minute it happens everybody watching it knows that everybody watching it knows that everybody watching it knows that everything has changed they don't know everything has changed they don't know everything has changed they don't know how it's changed and I get this sense how it's changed and I get this sense how it's changed and I get this sense after Philip's murder that everyone's after Philip's murder that everyone's after Philip's murder that everyone's walking around the way were walking walking around the way were walking walking around the way were walking around for the next week after the 9911 around for the next week after the 9911 around for the next week after the 9911 attacks we all had like little swirls in attacks we all had like little swirls in attacks we all had like little swirls in our eyes and we just couldn't believe or our eyes and we just couldn't believe or our eyes and we just couldn't believe or absorb what had happened and it was like absorb what had happened and it was like absorb what had happened and it was like everyone was experiencing this at the everyone was experiencing this at the everyone was experiencing this at the same time and I get the the feeling that same time and I get the the feeling that same time and I get the the feeling that it must have been similar especially in it must have been similar especially in it must have been similar especially in the area of the assassination you know the area of the assassination you know the area of the assassination you know with the people who saw with the people who saw with the people who saw this and one of them of course being this and one of them of course being this and one of them of course being Alexander and I keep trying to figure Alexander and I keep trying to figure Alexander and I keep trying to figure out you know cuz this is the the side of out you know cuz this is the the side of out you know cuz this is the the side of the story where it's a 911 attack for the story where it's a 911 attack for the story where it's a 911 attack for Alexander also though maybe even again Alexander also though maybe even again Alexander also though maybe even again more than for most people cuz now he's more than for most people cuz now he's more than for most people cuz now he's in the spotlight uh in terms of the most in the spotlight uh in terms of the most in the spotlight uh in terms of the most likely person to succeed but it's a likely person to succeed but it's a likely person to succeed but it's a personal one it's Dad Dad just got personal one it's Dad Dad just got personal one it's Dad Dad just got shanked in front of me do you get PTSD shanked in front of me do you get PTSD shanked in front of me do you get PTSD from that just wondering and the reason

from that just wondering and the reason from that just wondering and the reason I ask is because there's a couple of I ask is because there's a couple of I ask is because there's a couple of historians that have put forward the historians that have put forward the historians that have put forward the theory that maybe Alexander during his theory that maybe Alexander during his theory that maybe Alexander during his lifetime was suffering from lifetime was suffering from lifetime was suffering from PTSD but most of the time they're they PTSD but most of the time they're they PTSD but most of the time they're they draw it back to the many horrific draw it back to the many horrific draw it back to the many horrific experiences he had in a career of experiences he had in a career of experiences he had in a career of personal combat this would be at the personal combat this would be at the personal combat this would be at the very beginning basically but I mean if I very beginning basically but I mean if I very beginning basically but I mean if I told you that some person on the other told you that some person on the other told you that some person on the other side of the room you know whispered into side of the room you know whispered into side of the room you know whispered into your ear hey you know that poor guy his your ear hey you know that poor guy his your ear hey you know that poor guy his dad was murdered in front of him dad was murdered in front of him dad was murdered in front of him wouldn't you expect that this would be a wouldn't you expect that this would be a wouldn't you expect that this would be a Monumental you know Milestone moment Monumental you know Milestone moment Monumental you know Milestone moment negatively speaking for that person in negatively speaking for that person in negatively speaking for that person in their life wouldn't you think they'd be their life wouldn't you think they'd be their life wouldn't you think they'd be visiting uh and getting some psychiatric visiting uh and getting some psychiatric visiting uh and getting some psychiatric care maybe for the rest of their life care maybe for the rest of their life care maybe for the rest of their life tie any major problems they have to that tie any major problems they have to that tie any major problems they have to that certainly you could say PTSD right certainly you could say PTSD right certainly you could say PTSD right watching your your parents murdered I watching your your parents murdered I watching your your parents murdered I mean that's a superhero origin story mean that's a superhero origin story mean that's a superhero origin story isn't it that's how you get isn't it that's how you get isn't it that's how you get Batman but as psychologically dark as Batman but as psychologically dark as Batman but as psychologically dark as the comic book origin story of Batman is the comic book origin story of Batman is the comic book origin story of Batman is Right little boy sees his parents Right little boy sees his parents Right little boy sees his parents murdered in front of him by a criminal murdered in front of him by a criminal murdered in front of him by a criminal as dark as that is think about how much as dark as that is think about how much as dark as that is think about how much more Sinister it gets if the person who more Sinister it gets if the person who more Sinister it gets if the person who killed Bruce Wayne's parents leading to killed Bruce Wayne's parents leading to killed Bruce Wayne's parents leading to the creation of the you know avenging the creation of the you know avenging the creation of the you know avenging Dark Knight that some sometimes is a Dark Knight that some sometimes is a Dark Knight that some sometimes is a little bit psychologically unbalanced if little bit psychologically unbalanced if little bit psychologically unbalanced if the person that killed Bruce Wayne's the person that killed Bruce Wayne's the person that killed Bruce Wayne's parents was Bruce Wayne if he killed his parents was Bruce Wayne if he killed his parents was Bruce Wayne if he killed his own parents and that led to the creation own parents and that led to the creation own parents and that led to the creation of Batman that's a even more of Batman that's a even more of Batman that's a even more psychologically dark and Twisted Tail psychologically dark and Twisted Tail psychologically dark and Twisted Tail isn't isn't isn't it and in the Alexander Story the reason

it and in the Alexander Story the reason it and in the Alexander Story the reason it matters is because Alexander is a it matters is because Alexander is a it matters is because Alexander is a pretty different person in our eyes in pretty different person in our eyes in pretty different person in our eyes in the way you might see him isn't the way you might see him isn't the way you might see him isn't he um if he killed his own father right he um if he killed his own father right he um if he killed his own father right can you get PTSD witnessing your dad's can you get PTSD witnessing your dad's can you get PTSD witnessing your dad's murder if you orchestrated it that just murder if you orchestrated it that just murder if you orchestrated it that just popped into my head but I mean think popped into my head but I mean think popped into my head but I mean think about the way you'd see this guy about the way you'd see this guy about the way you'd see this guy differently one version of him as a differently one version of him as a differently one version of him as a victim sees his dad killed in front of victim sees his dad killed in front of victim sees his dad killed in front of him had nothing to do with it you know him had nothing to do with it you know him had nothing to do with it you know Burns in Anger against the people that Burns in Anger against the people that Burns in Anger against the people that did this all that kind of thing right did this all that kind of thing right did this all that kind of thing right legitimately uh inherits basically dad's legitimately uh inherits basically dad's legitimately uh inherits basically dad's Ferrari and everything Ferrari and everything Ferrari and everything else the other versions seen through a else the other versions seen through a else the other versions seen through a more Menendez like lens where you know more Menendez like lens where you know more Menendez like lens where you know Alex Ander is the kind of guy who'd Alex Ander is the kind of guy who'd Alex Ander is the kind of guy who'd whack his own dad right and it leads us whack his own dad right and it leads us whack his own dad right and it leads us to a basic thing I I think we should to a basic thing I I think we should to a basic thing I I think we should bear in mind throughout this entire bear in mind throughout this entire bear in mind throughout this entire story I want to think of each of us as a story I want to think of each of us as a story I want to think of each of us as a filmmaker I'd love it if you would make filmmaker I'd love it if you would make filmmaker I'd love it if you would make the definitive alexand of the great the definitive alexand of the great the definitive alexand of the great movie right and if you did so you're movie right and if you did so you're movie right and if you did so you're going to run into times in this guy's going to run into times in this guy's going to run into times in this guy's life where it's a blank spot or it's life where it's a blank spot or it's life where it's a blank spot or it's like a fork in the road he can do this like a fork in the road he can do this like a fork in the road he can do this or he can do that and you don't know or he can do that and you don't know or he can do that and you don't know which he did or you don't know why a which he did or you don't know why a which he did or you don't know why a person like yours truly has the freedom person like yours truly has the freedom person like yours truly has the freedom to say one historian says this or to say one historian says this or to say one historian says this or another person thinks that but if you're another person thinks that but if you're another person thinks that but if you're making the movie you have to just decide making the movie you have to just decide making the movie you have to just decide you have to fill in the blank spots and you have to fill in the blank spots and you have to fill in the blank spots and the way you do that leads at the end of the way you do that leads at the end of the way you do that leads at the end of your movie to a different Alexander a your movie to a different Alexander a your movie to a different Alexander a different Alexander than the person different Alexander than the person different Alexander than the person who's also making their movie but made

who's also making their movie but made who's also making their movie but made different choices at the you know 10 or different choices at the you know 10 or different choices at the you know 10 or 15 crucial spots in this guy's story 15 crucial spots in this guy's story 15 crucial spots in this guy's story where you don't know what where you don't know what where you don't know what happened in the um introduction to the happened in the um introduction to the happened in the um introduction to the land Mark Aran which we're just about to land Mark Aran which we're just about to land Mark Aran which we're just about to introduce as a source in this story introduce as a source in this story introduce as a source in this story Cambridge classicist Paul Cartage Cambridge classicist Paul Cartage Cambridge classicist Paul Cartage explains that everyone's got their own explains that everyone's got their own explains that everyone's got their own version of Alexander because they fill version of Alexander because they fill version of Alexander because they fill in the gaps their own way and have in the gaps their own way and have in the gaps their own way and have throughout history and it may account throughout history and it may account throughout history and it may account for why there's so many different for why there's so many different for why there's so many different versions of this guy as we said it runs versions of this guy as we said it runs versions of this guy as we said it runs the gamut from on one extreme you know the gamut from on one extreme you know the gamut from on one extreme you know he's this philosopher king on the Other he's this philosopher king on the Other he's this philosopher king on the Other Extreme he's a drunken genocidal Butcher Extreme he's a drunken genocidal Butcher Extreme he's a drunken genocidal Butcher and you know everything in between well and you know everything in between well and you know everything in between well what accounts for that maybe how you what accounts for that maybe how you what accounts for that maybe how you fill in the fill in the fill in the blanks some people will come back to me blanks some people will come back to me blanks some people will come back to me and say why even have a story like this and say why even have a story like this and say why even have a story like this if you don't know this much about the if you don't know this much about the if you don't know this much about the guy but there's a lot you do know about guy but there's a lot you do know about guy but there's a lot you do know about the guy so it's one of those deals where the guy so it's one of those deals where the guy so it's one of those deals where uh and it's ancient history where you uh and it's ancient history where you uh and it's ancient history where you just sort of have to piece together what just sort of have to piece together what just sort of have to piece together what you can and as we said there can be you can and as we said there can be you can and as we said there can be different end different end different end results in your movie do you decide he results in your movie do you decide he results in your movie do you decide he killed Phillip or do you decide he killed Phillip or do you decide he killed Phillip or do you decide he didn't that's a key difference right didn't that's a key difference right didn't that's a key difference right there there there and this is perhaps the first major and this is perhaps the first major and this is perhaps the first major moment in his life where we run into one moment in his life where we run into one moment in his life where we run into one of those things but the next stage of of those things but the next stage of of those things but the next stage of what happens is also unknown the stage what happens is also unknown the stage what happens is also unknown the stage where he goes from watching his father where he goes from watching his father where he goes from watching his father bleeding out in his supposedly white bleeding out in his supposedly white bleeding out in his supposedly white tunic there on the ground to the time tunic there on the ground to the time tunic there on the ground to the time when he becomes acknowledged as king

when he becomes acknowledged as king when he becomes acknowledged as king because as we said in the first part of because as we said in the first part of because as we said in the first part of this show that is not a given in the this show that is not a given in the this show that is not a given in the Macedonian Royal world and apparently Macedonian Royal world and apparently Macedonian Royal world and apparently anyone who's got a connection sort of to anyone who's got a connection sort of to anyone who's got a connection sort of to the royal family the royal family the royal family bloodline um can somehow plausibly be bloodline um can somehow plausibly be bloodline um can somehow plausibly be inserted into the job and it's always inserted into the job and it's always inserted into the job and it's always been something that outside powers used been something that outside powers used been something that outside powers used to keep Macedonia divided they'd find an to keep Macedonia divided they'd find an to keep Macedonia divided they'd find an outsider branch of the Macedonian royal outsider branch of the Macedonian royal outsider branch of the Macedonian royal family and then back that person as a family and then back that person as a family and then back that person as a you know competing puppet sort of thing you know competing puppet sort of thing you know competing puppet sort of thing so it's not a given that Alexander's so it's not a given that Alexander's so it's not a given that Alexander's going to get this gig it would have been going to get this gig it would have been going to get this gig it would have been a given maybe a year or two before but a given maybe a year or two before but a given maybe a year or two before but remember there was this breach in the remember there was this breach in the remember there was this breach in the royal family right Philip marries his royal family right Philip marries his royal family right Philip marries his super Young Bride supposedly for love super Young Bride supposedly for love super Young Bride supposedly for love then we have that story which I love cuz then we have that story which I love cuz then we have that story which I love cuz it brings in what I like to call it brings in what I like to call it brings in what I like to call potentially the most important cocktail potentially the most important cocktail potentially the most important cocktail party in world history when you know in party in world history when you know in party in world history when you know in a drunken Macedonian cocktail party the a drunken Macedonian cocktail party the a drunken Macedonian cocktail party the the uncle of the Bride atus who will the uncle of the Bride atus who will the uncle of the Bride atus who will feature in this story feature in this story feature in this story momentarily uh supposedly gives that momentarily uh supposedly gives that momentarily uh supposedly gives that toast right where he says hopefully this toast right where he says hopefully this toast right where he says hopefully this will bring a legitimate heir to the will bring a legitimate heir to the will bring a legitimate heir to the Macedonian Throne while Alexander the Macedonian Throne while Alexander the Macedonian Throne while Alexander the legitimate Heir is in the room which legitimate Heir is in the room which legitimate Heir is in the room which leads to are you calling me a bastard leads to are you calling me a bastard leads to are you calling me a bastard throwing goblets at each other throwing goblets at each other throwing goblets at each other and supposedly the moment where a and supposedly the moment where a and supposedly the moment where a drunken Philip gets up off his couch you drunken Philip gets up off his couch you drunken Philip gets up off his couch you know pulls his sword and goes after know pulls his sword and goes after know pulls his sword and goes after Alexander falls on his face and Alexander falls on his face and Alexander falls on his face and Alexander utters that wonderful line the Alexander utters that wonderful line the Alexander utters that wonderful line the variation of which is look everybody variation of which is look everybody variation of which is look everybody here's the guy that's about to cross here's the guy that's about to cross here's the guy that's about to cross from Europe into Asia and he can't get from Europe into Asia and he can't get from Europe into Asia and he can't get from one couch to another love that from one couch to another love that from one couch to another love that story who knows if that's true but

story who knows if that's true but story who knows if that's true but apparently this moment where Alexander apparently this moment where Alexander apparently this moment where Alexander and his mother flee back to the mom's and his mother flee back to the mom's and his mother flee back to the mom's home country is people seem pretty sure home country is people seem pretty sure home country is people seem pretty sure about that about that about that and of course she comes from a place and of course she comes from a place and of course she comes from a place where the Macedonian sort of prejudice where the Macedonian sort of prejudice where the Macedonian sort of prejudice and bigotry ironically the same sort of and bigotry ironically the same sort of and bigotry ironically the same sort of prejudice and bigotry some Greeks had prejudice and bigotry some Greeks had prejudice and bigotry some Greeks had toward Macedonia um sort of sees it as a toward Macedonia um sort of sees it as a toward Macedonia um sort of sees it as a land where there's well not Hicks for land where there's well not Hicks for land where there's well not Hicks for sure people who are just sort of you sure people who are just sort of you sure people who are just sort of you know country bumpkins but also know country bumpkins but also know country bumpkins but also sorceresses magic vampires you know all sorceresses magic vampires you know all sorceresses magic vampires you know all those kinds of things and sort of makes those kinds of things and sort of makes those kinds of things and sort of makes the case for what atus was saying when the case for what atus was saying when the case for what atus was saying when he said you know we need a legitimate he said you know we need a legitimate he said you know we need a legitimate air who's Macedonian on both sides who air who's Macedonian on both sides who air who's Macedonian on both sides who won't go fleeing back to the land of won't go fleeing back to the land of won't go fleeing back to the land of vampires and Sorcerers you know when the vampires and Sorcerers you know when the vampires and Sorcerers you know when the going gets going gets going gets tough but we know that Alexander did tough but we know that Alexander did tough but we know that Alexander did that and that's a sign that there was that and that's a sign that there was that and that's a sign that there was some sort of breach in the family this some sort of breach in the family this some sort of breach in the family this wedding where philli dies was in part an wedding where philli dies was in part an wedding where philli dies was in part an attempt to sort of publicly heal that attempt to sort of publicly heal that attempt to sort of publicly heal that breach so where do things stand when breach so where do things stand when breach so where do things stand when Philip's taken out right it's the Philip's taken out right it's the Philip's taken out right it's the unexpected moment it's the 9/11 day unexpected moment it's the 9/11 day unexpected moment it's the 9/11 day where people are walking around with where people are walking around with where people are walking around with stars in their eyes going what now stars in their eyes going what now stars in their eyes going what now everybody's in shock and that's where everybody's in shock and that's where everybody's in shock and that's where sort of you know how quickly you move in sort of you know how quickly you move in sort of you know how quickly you move in a situation like this it's the it's the a situation like this it's the it's the a situation like this it's the it's the last second of musical chairs games when last second of musical chairs games when last second of musical chairs games when the Music Stops and everybody sort of the Music Stops and everybody sort of the Music Stops and everybody sort of scrambles and whoever can sort of amass scrambles and whoever can sort of amass scrambles and whoever can sort of amass the public support the quickest wins and the public support the quickest wins and the public support the quickest wins and the reason you want to win in a game the reason you want to win in a game the reason you want to win in a game like this is because the losers often like this is because the losers often like this is because the losers often are just are just are just liquidated but whatever Alexander's liquidated but whatever Alexander's liquidated but whatever Alexander's situation at that moment it's clear he's situation at that moment it's clear he's situation at that moment it's clear he's still got the inside track and

still got the inside track and still got the inside track and apparently he's got this relationship apparently he's got this relationship apparently he's got this relationship with an important Macedonian General with an important Macedonian General with an important Macedonian General named antipater which as we said in the named antipater which as we said in the named antipater which as we said in the last show antip sort of we don't have last show antip sort of we don't have last show antip sort of we don't have the real information but sort of just the real information but sort of just the real information but sort of just like throws his arms around Alexander like throws his arms around Alexander like throws his arms around Alexander says this is the guy and some other says this is the guy and some other says this is the guy and some other people do too um here's the way people do too um here's the way people do too um here's the way Alexander historian the late great AB Alexander historian the late great AB Alexander historian the late great AB Bosworth put it in Conquest an Empire he Bosworth put it in Conquest an Empire he Bosworth put it in Conquest an Empire he said quote the first few days of said quote the first few days of said quote the first few days of Alexander's Reign must have been among Alexander's Reign must have been among Alexander's Reign must have been among the most critical of his career the most critical of his career the most critical of his career unfortunately no connected account unfortunately no connected account unfortunately no connected account survives of them there are scraps of survives of them there are scraps of survives of them there are scraps of epitome and random flashbacks from later epitome and random flashbacks from later epitome and random flashbacks from later history but most of the cruci details history but most of the cruci details history but most of the cruci details are irretrievably lost there is infinite are irretrievably lost there is infinite are irretrievably lost there is infinite scope for speculation and imaginative scope for speculation and imaginative scope for speculation and imaginative reconstruction but the sources reconstruction but the sources reconstruction but the sources themselves allow very little to be said themselves allow very little to be said themselves allow very little to be said we must be prepared to admit our we must be prepared to admit our we must be prepared to admit our ignorance however guling that may be he ignorance however guling that may be he ignorance however guling that may be he continues at first there was turmoil continues at first there was turmoil continues at first there was turmoil Alexander's friends gathered around him Alexander's friends gathered around him Alexander's friends gathered around him and occupied the palace already armed and occupied the palace already armed and occupied the palace already armed for battle there was every reason to for battle there was every reason to for battle there was every reason to expect trouble given the dynastic expect trouble given the dynastic expect trouble given the dynastic Troubles of Philip's last year the Troubles of Philip's last year the Troubles of Philip's last year the family and supporters of atus will family and supporters of atus will family and supporters of atus will certainly not have welcomed his certainly not have welcomed his certainly not have welcomed his assession and there were other figures assession and there were other figures assession and there were other figures who might oppose him or form a focus for who might oppose him or form a focus for who might oppose him or form a focus for opposition end opposition end opposition end quote to me this whole Moment In Time quote to me this whole Moment In Time quote to me this whole Moment In Time sort of sounds like a coup Vibe doesn't sort of sounds like a coup Vibe doesn't sort of sounds like a coup Vibe doesn't it like if you've ever seen news footage it like if you've ever seen news footage it like if you've ever seen news footage or read stories or talk to people who've or read stories or talk to people who've or read stories or talk to people who've been in or maybe been in uh a military been in or maybe been in uh a military been in or maybe been in uh a military coup somewhere there's there's a Vibe

coup somewhere there's there's a Vibe coup somewhere there's there's a Vibe for a while where no one knows who's in for a while where no one knows who's in for a while where no one knows who's in charge where everybody's very like on charge where everybody's very like on charge where everybody's very like on pins and needles where the various sides pins and needles where the various sides pins and needles where the various sides that might have a chance at at the power that might have a chance at at the power that might have a chance at at the power are sort of jockeying either openly or are sort of jockeying either openly or are sort of jockeying either openly or behind the scenes because the stakes are behind the scenes because the stakes are behind the scenes because the stakes are huge and everyone knows it because the huge and everyone knows it because the huge and everyone knows it because the losers in this game are going to be losers in this game are going to be losers in this game are going to be liquidated so when AB Bosworth says that liquidated so when AB Bosworth says that liquidated so when AB Bosworth says that Alexander and his friends arm themselves Alexander and his friends arm themselves Alexander and his friends arm themselves run to the Palace which is sort of the run to the Palace which is sort of the run to the Palace which is sort of the seat of legitimate Authority so you're seat of legitimate Authority so you're seat of legitimate Authority so you're trying to sort of claim the ground trying to sort of claim the ground trying to sort of claim the ground around the around the around the throne one gets a sort of a sense of throne one gets a sort of a sense of throne one gets a sort of a sense of of an up in the air kind of moment and of an up in the air kind of moment and of an up in the air kind of moment and then the ancient sources don't give us then the ancient sources don't give us then the ancient sources don't give us timelines they don't say three hours timelines they don't say three hours timelines they don't say three hours later or the next day they so no one later or the next day they so no one later or the next day they so no one knows one gets a sense that everything knows one gets a sense that everything knows one gets a sense that everything happens really quickly though and I have happens really quickly though and I have happens really quickly though and I have a theory about this and the theory is a theory about this and the theory is a theory about this and the theory is that there is so much invested right now that there is so much invested right now that there is so much invested right now in this Expedition that's already in this Expedition that's already in this Expedition that's already started right we mentioned earlier uh started right we mentioned earlier uh started right we mentioned earlier uh Philip and the Greeks had declared war Philip and the Greeks had declared war Philip and the Greeks had declared war on the Persians they've sent 10,000 men on the Persians they've sent 10,000 men on the Persians they've sent 10,000 men there as an advanced Force which there as an advanced Force which there as an advanced Force which ironically is commanded by two guys one ironically is commanded by two guys one ironically is commanded by two guys one of whom is atus the other is his of whom is atus the other is his of whom is atus the other is his father-in-law parmenion father-in-law parmenion father-in-law parmenion so this is going to get a little family so this is going to get a little family so this is going to get a little family oriented in a oriented in a oriented in a second but when you have to think of the second but when you have to think of the second but when you have to think of the I had a professor who tried to get me to I had a professor who tried to get me to I had a professor who tried to get me to think about this all the time think think about this all the time think think about this all the time think about the the stuff that's going on that about the the stuff that's going on that about the the stuff that's going on that you know is going on but that no one has you know is going on but that no one has you know is going on but that no one has to tell you is going on right think of to tell you is going on right think of to tell you is going on right think of the investment in something like this the investment in something like this the investment in something like this you're going to take an army of 30 or you're going to take an army of 30 or you're going to take an army of 30 or 40,000 people with animals and you're

40,000 people with animals and you're 40,000 people with animals and you're going to send it hundreds and hundreds going to send it hundreds and hundreds going to send it hundreds and hundreds maybe a we don't know how far you're maybe a we don't know how far you're maybe a we don't know how far you're going to send it far away and you're going to send it far away and you're going to send it far away and you're going to feed it every day maybe it can going to feed it every day maybe it can going to feed it every day maybe it can live off the land here or there maybe it live off the land here or there maybe it live off the land here or there maybe it can steal from the locals maybe you got can steal from the locals maybe you got can steal from the locals maybe you got to have Supply dumps you got to have to have Supply dumps you got to have to have Supply dumps you got to have Merchants you got to have people who put Merchants you got to have people who put Merchants you got to have people who put their money their reputation uh their their money their reputation uh their their money their reputation uh their livelihoods on the line there's a lot livelihoods on the line there's a lot livelihoods on the line there's a lot invested from the top levels in society invested from the top levels in society invested from the top levels in society down to the Grind levels in society on down to the Grind levels in society on down to the Grind levels in society on this ongoing effort and just because the this ongoing effort and just because the this ongoing effort and just because the top guy is gone things kind of have to top guy is gone things kind of have to top guy is gone things kind of have to go on or a lot of people are going to go on or a lot of people are going to go on or a lot of people are going to really suffer now that doesn't mean a really suffer now that doesn't mean a really suffer now that doesn't mean a new leader can't make a 180 degree turn new leader can't make a 180 degree turn new leader can't make a 180 degree turn and do something different but it means and do something different but it means and do something different but it means if you're a general like antipater who's if you're a general like antipater who's if you're a general like antipater who's probably one of those guys who's got a probably one of those guys who's got a probably one of those guys who's got a lot riding on this and you see Alexander lot riding on this and you see Alexander lot riding on this and you see Alexander and you've already seen uh how gifted and you've already seen uh how gifted and you've already seen uh how gifted this guy is you know you've done a this guy is you know you've done a this guy is you know you've done a little work with him you've watched him little work with him you've watched him little work with him you've watched him growing up antier is going to be a guy growing up antier is going to be a guy growing up antier is going to be a guy who stretches from the rain before who stretches from the rain before who stretches from the rain before Alexander to after Alexander he's kind Alexander to after Alexander he's kind Alexander to after Alexander he's kind of an interesting dude in this whole of an interesting dude in this whole of an interesting dude in this whole story um if you see this moment in story um if you see this moment in story um if you see this moment in history up in the air and you're in a history up in the air and you're in a history up in the air and you're in a position to sort of put the hammer down position to sort of put the hammer down position to sort of put the hammer down and stop it right we can stop this whole and stop it right we can stop this whole and stop it right we can stop this whole coup moment we can stop this whole up in coup moment we can stop this whole up in coup moment we can stop this whole up in the air moment I'm going to put my armor the air moment I'm going to put my armor the air moment I'm going to put my armor around Alexander I'm going to bring him around Alexander I'm going to bring him around Alexander I'm going to bring him to the Troops and I'm going to say this to the Troops and I'm going to say this to the Troops and I'm going to say this is the guy which is kind of what the is the guy which is kind of what the is the guy which is kind of what the sources suggest he sources suggest he sources suggest he did and before you know it the sources did and before you know it the sources did and before you know it the sources have him out there as the king involving have him out there as the king involving have him out there as the king involving himself in Affairs of State in that himself in Affairs of State in that himself in Affairs of State in that Royal role we don't exactly know how we Royal role we don't exactly know how we Royal role we don't exactly know how we get from one place to the other but get from one place to the other but get from one place to the other but there you

there you there you go by the time he takes over he's got go by the time he takes over he's got go by the time he takes over he's got all kinds of challenges because as you all kinds of challenges because as you all kinds of challenges because as you might imagine the news that Philip II might imagine the news that Philip II might imagine the news that Philip II has been has been has been assassinated spreads like a shock wve assassinated spreads like a shock wve assassinated spreads like a shock wve and I compare the difference between the and I compare the difference between the and I compare the difference between the way news is today and the way way news is today and the way way news is today and the way information travels and is picked up on information travels and is picked up on information travels and is picked up on the receiving end to the way it traveled the receiving end to the way it traveled the receiving end to the way it traveled back then it probably traveled more back then it probably traveled more back then it probably traveled more quickly than we assume right bad news quickly than we assume right bad news quickly than we assume right bad news especially travels fast but nowadays if especially travels fast but nowadays if especially travels fast but nowadays if a major world leader is assassinated the a major world leader is assassinated the a major world leader is assassinated the vast majority of people connected in any vast majority of people connected in any vast majority of people connected in any way shape or form to anything electronic way shape or form to anything electronic way shape or form to anything electronic are going to know about this within 24 are going to know about this within 24 are going to know about this within 24 hours probably going to know about it hours probably going to know about it hours probably going to know about it you know within an hour or two after it you know within an hour or two after it you know within an hour or two after it happens no matter how far away from the happens no matter how far away from the happens no matter how far away from the event you are but like in this time event you are but like in this time event you are but like in this time period any news would have had to spread period any news would have had to spread period any news would have had to spread by horse or foot I think about it like a by horse or foot I think about it like a by horse or foot I think about it like a nuclear explosion where Ground Zero nuclear explosion where Ground Zero nuclear explosion where Ground Zero happens where Philip is assassinated and happens where Philip is assassinated and happens where Philip is assassinated and then emanating from that spot in a then emanating from that spot in a then emanating from that spot in a circular sort of pattern is the shock circular sort of pattern is the shock circular sort of pattern is the shock wave and the shock wave is the news and wave and the shock wave is the news and wave and the shock wave is the news and the News hits you know close to the News hits you know close to the News hits you know close to macadonia First and radiates outward and macadonia First and radiates outward and macadonia First and radiates outward and different places receive this news at different places receive this news at different places receive this news at different times and the minute they different times and the minute they different times and the minute they receive the news whatever damage or receive the news whatever damage or receive the news whatever damage or destabilization or good things is going destabilization or good things is going destabilization or good things is going to happen from that news happens then so to happen from that news happens then so to happen from that news happens then so think about like a tsunami and how the think about like a tsunami and how the think about like a tsunami and how the tsunami will radiate outward from the tsunami will radiate outward from the tsunami will radiate outward from the earthquake and hit different beaches at earthquake and hit different beaches at earthquake and hit different beaches at different speeds and different times so different speeds and different times so different speeds and different times so this news might reach thieves before it this news might reach thieves before it this news might reach thieves before it reaches Athens but when it reaches

reaches Athens but when it reaches reaches Athens but when it reaches anywhere you know Persia for example it anywhere you know Persia for example it anywhere you know Persia for example it has whatever stabilizing or you know has whatever stabilizing or you know has whatever stabilizing or you know good effect it's going to have in this good effect it's going to have in this good effect it's going to have in this case what's bad news for macadonia is case what's bad news for macadonia is case what's bad news for macadonia is great news for all of the people great news for all of the people great news for all of the people macadonia dominates and as soon as they macadonia dominates and as soon as they macadonia dominates and as soon as they get that news they react to get that news they react to get that news they react to it and generally the reaction is one of it and generally the reaction is one of it and generally the reaction is one of joy and opportunity I mean take Athens joy and opportunity I mean take Athens joy and opportunity I mean take Athens for instance I love Athens as everyone for instance I love Athens as everyone for instance I love Athens as everyone does because they kind of remind us in does because they kind of remind us in does because they kind of remind us in some ways of ourselves right the best of some ways of ourselves right the best of some ways of ourselves right the best of them and the worst of them are kind of them and the worst of them are kind of them and the worst of them are kind of the best and the worst of us and you the best and the worst of us and you the best and the worst of us and you know when it's philosophy and culture know when it's philosophy and culture know when it's philosophy and culture and learning and art and all these kinds and learning and art and all these kinds and learning and art and all these kinds of things you know you justifiably sit of things you know you justifiably sit of things you know you justifiably sit there and go God you know this great is there and go God you know this great is there and go God you know this great is aren't we amazing you know height of aren't we amazing you know height of aren't we amazing you know height of society and then you look at their society and then you look at their society and then you look at their cravenness and their corruption and cravenness and their corruption and cravenness and their corruption and they're gluttony and they're they're I they're gluttony and they're they're I they're gluttony and they're they're I mean they're just the best and the worst mean they're just the best and the worst mean they're just the best and the worst of us right and you see it on display of us right and you see it on display of us right and you see it on display here because remember these are a people here because remember these are a people here because remember these are a people who just told Philip II hours from his who just told Philip II hours from his who just told Philip II hours from his assassin ination in public the Emissary assassin ination in public the Emissary assassin ination in public the Emissary saying if anybody were to try to hurt saying if anybody were to try to hurt saying if anybody were to try to hurt you they couldn't get any sanctuary in you they couldn't get any sanctuary in you they couldn't get any sanctuary in Athens send them right back and now when Athens send them right back and now when Athens send them right back and now when the news hits Athens there's an entirely the news hits Athens there's an entirely the news hits Athens there's an entirely different reaction to that and by the different reaction to that and by the different reaction to that and by the way way way deanes who if you're looking at this deanes who if you're looking at this deanes who if you're looking at this from an Athenian perspective is a little from an Athenian perspective is a little from an Athenian perspective is a little like a Jedi Knight fighting to keep you like a Jedi Knight fighting to keep you like a Jedi Knight fighting to keep you know the Old Republic stable to the know the Old Republic stable to the know the Old Republic stable to the Darth Vader threat that he's been Darth Vader threat that he's been Darth Vader threat that he's been fighting against for more than a decade fighting against for more than a decade fighting against for more than a decade and now Darth Vader's Dead uh when the

and now Darth Vader's Dead uh when the and now Darth Vader's Dead uh when the news hits Athens deanes has already news hits Athens deanes has already news hits Athens deanes has already heard about it sources from the ancient heard about it sources from the ancient heard about it sources from the ancient world say he had a spy in Macedonia and world say he had a spy in Macedonia and world say he had a spy in Macedonia and the Spy gets to deanes before the news the Spy gets to deanes before the news the Spy gets to deanes before the news gets to Athens that Philip is dead and gets to Athens that Philip is dead and gets to Athens that Philip is dead and he breaks his period of mourning over he breaks his period of mourning over he breaks his period of mourning over his dead daughter where you're supposed his dead daughter where you're supposed his dead daughter where you're supposed to sort of dress down and sort of to sort of dress down and sort of to sort of dress down and sort of seclude yourself not take part in seclude yourself not take part in seclude yourself not take part in politics or public affairs and boom he's politics or public affairs and boom he's politics or public affairs and boom he's out of the house dressed to party it out of the house dressed to party it out of the house dressed to party it sounds like you know flamboyant close sounds like you know flamboyant close sounds like you know flamboyant close telling anyone who will listen that he telling anyone who will listen that he telling anyone who will listen that he has had a has had a has had a dream that Athens is about to be blessed dream that Athens is about to be blessed dream that Athens is about to be blessed with something wonderful and then the with something wonderful and then the with something wonderful and then the news hits that Philip is dead and Athens news hits that Philip is dead and Athens news hits that Philip is dead and Athens explodes in a good way if you're looking explodes in a good way if you're looking explodes in a good way if you're looking for something fun to do on an evening in for something fun to do on an evening in for something fun to do on an evening in Athens and you're nice teenager say Athens and you're nice teenager say Athens and you're nice teenager say what's going on in town well the party what's going on in town well the party what's going on in town well the party starts as soon as the news hits as soon starts as soon as the news hits as soon starts as soon as the news hits as soon as the shock wave from the nuclear as the shock wave from the nuclear as the shock wave from the nuclear explosion explosion explosion hits in plutarch's lives when he's hits in plutarch's lives when he's hits in plutarch's lives when he's talking about the life of demosthenes he talking about the life of demosthenes he talking about the life of demosthenes he brings this moment up and by the way brings this moment up and by the way brings this moment up and by the way Plutarch is writing a book of sort of Plutarch is writing a book of sort of Plutarch is writing a book of sort of moral judgment so he'll weigh in and he moral judgment so he'll weigh in and he moral judgment so he'll weigh in and he doesn't think the way the Athenians doesn't think the way the Athenians doesn't think the way the Athenians reacted here reflects to uh wonderfully reacted here reflects to uh wonderfully reacted here reflects to uh wonderfully on them because as he points out you on them because as he points out you on them because as he points out you know you just honored this guy I mean know you just honored this guy I mean know you just honored this guy I mean the Athenians lost to him at the Battle the Athenians lost to him at the Battle the Athenians lost to him at the Battle of karania Philip killed a thousand of of karania Philip killed a thousand of of karania Philip killed a thousand of them and what did they do well because them and what did they do well because them and what did they do well because he was rather lenient afterwards they he was rather lenient afterwards they he was rather lenient afterwards they put up a statue to him right and like we put up a statue to him right and like we put up a statue to him right and like we said at the event where he died they're

said at the event where he died they're said at the event where he died they're saying don't worry you know we're on saying don't worry you know we're on saying don't worry you know we're on your side and the minute he's dead well your side and the minute he's dead well your side and the minute he's dead well Plutarch doesn't think it looks too good Plutarch doesn't think it looks too good Plutarch doesn't think it looks too good for the Athenians and writes quote for for the Athenians and writes quote for for the Athenians and writes quote for my own part I cannot say that the my own part I cannot say that the my own part I cannot say that the behavior of the Athenians on this behavior of the Athenians on this behavior of the Athenians on this occasion was wise or honorable to Crown occasion was wise or honorable to Crown occasion was wise or honorable to Crown themselves with garlands and to themselves with garlands and to themselves with garlands and to sacrifice to the gods for the death of a sacrifice to the gods for the death of a sacrifice to the gods for the death of a prince who in the midst of his success prince who in the midst of his success prince who in the midst of his success and victories when they were a conquered and victories when they were a conquered and victories when they were a conquered people had used them with so much people had used them with so much people had used them with so much clemency in humanity for besides clemency in humanity for besides clemency in humanity for besides provoking for forun it was a base thing provoking for forun it was a base thing provoking for forun it was a base thing and unworthy in itself to make him a and unworthy in itself to make him a and unworthy in itself to make him a citizen of Athens and to pay him honors citizen of Athens and to pay him honors citizen of Athens and to pay him honors while he lived and yet as soon as he while he lived and yet as soon as he while he lived and yet as soon as he fell by another's hand to set no bounds fell by another's hand to set no bounds fell by another's hand to set no bounds for their jolity to insult over him dead for their jolity to insult over him dead for their jolity to insult over him dead and to sing triumphant songs of Victory and to sing triumphant songs of Victory and to sing triumphant songs of Victory as if by their own Valor they had as if by their own Valor they had as if by their own Valor they had vanquished him end vanquished him end vanquished him end quote but Athens is only one of a bunch quote but Athens is only one of a bunch quote but Athens is only one of a bunch of places both in the Greek world and of places both in the Greek world and of places both in the Greek world and out of the Greek world that see sees out of the Greek world that see sees out of the Greek world that see sees Philip's death as soon as they get the Philip's death as soon as they get the Philip's death as soon as they get the news as the equivalent of a starting gun news as the equivalent of a starting gun news as the equivalent of a starting gun going off saying Now's the Time to throw going off saying Now's the Time to throw going off saying Now's the Time to throw off Macedonian domination what's more off Macedonian domination what's more off Macedonian domination what's more who can blame him for thinking that who can blame him for thinking that who can blame him for thinking that everything's going to go back to the way everything's going to go back to the way everything's going to go back to the way it was I mean thereafter what did we say it was I mean thereafter what did we say it was I mean thereafter what did we say in part one they're after the status quo in part one they're after the status quo in part one they're after the status quo anti Phillip right the way things were anti Phillip right the way things were anti Phillip right the way things were before Phillip screwed up everything before Phillip screwed up everything before Phillip screwed up everything right the only people he was good for right the only people he was good for right the only people he was good for were the macedonians everybody else you were the macedonians everybody else you were the macedonians everybody else you know were under his thumb and now know were under his thumb and now know were under his thumb and now they're not and it's not that they're not and it's not that they're not and it's not that macedonians are so powerful most of

macedonians are so powerful most of macedonians are so powerful most of these people think remember they've got these people think remember they've got these people think remember they've got what we would call today bigotry and what we would call today bigotry and what we would call today bigotry and Prejudice and all those sorts of things Prejudice and all those sorts of things Prejudice and all those sorts of things toward them especially the Greeks can't toward them especially the Greeks can't toward them especially the Greeks can't even get a good slave from there even get a good slave from there even get a good slave from there remember that's what they used to say remember that's what they used to say remember that's what they used to say and if you look at things like that in and if you look at things like that in and if you look at things like that in your mind the macedonians were how they your mind the macedonians were how they your mind the macedonians were how they were for so long because that's just who were for so long because that's just who were for so long because that's just who they are and the variable that was weird they are and the variable that was weird they are and the variable that was weird here was Philip and with Phillip gone here was Philip and with Phillip gone here was Philip and with Phillip gone everything's going to return back to everything's going to return back to everything's going to return back to normal isn't it normal isn't it normal isn't it this period when Alexander first takes this period when Alexander first takes this period when Alexander first takes over sort of a great unknown for the over sort of a great unknown for the over sort of a great unknown for the rest of the Greek and Macedonian world I rest of the Greek and Macedonian world I rest of the Greek and Macedonian world I mean everyone knows how great the mean everyone knows how great the mean everyone knows how great the Macedonian army is and how great the Macedonian army is and how great the Macedonian army is and how great the generals are but they don't know about generals are but they don't know about generals are but they don't know about this kid this 20-year-old kid and what this kid this 20-year-old kid and what this kid this 20-year-old kid and what he brings to the table and this first he brings to the table and this first he brings to the table and this first stage in Alexander's career is about stage in Alexander's career is about stage in Alexander's career is about showing showing showing them and you can see that they don't them and you can see that they don't them and you can see that they don't think much of him because demosthenes think much of him because demosthenes think much of him because demosthenes begins to work against him and the begins to work against him and the begins to work against him and the macedonians the way he worked against macedonians the way he worked against macedonians the way he worked against his dad starts taking Persian money his dad starts taking Persian money his dad starts taking Persian money allegedly to start this process of allegedly to start this process of allegedly to start this process of returning Macedonia to the way it's returning Macedonia to the way it's returning Macedonia to the way it's supposed to be right let's destabilize supposed to be right let's destabilize supposed to be right let's destabilize their government let's you know bring their government let's you know bring their government let's you know bring other Royal factions to the four let's other Royal factions to the four let's other Royal factions to the four let's make alliances with you know people that make alliances with you know people that make alliances with you know people that already don't like Alexander and deanes already don't like Alexander and deanes already don't like Alexander and deanes an ancient source says deanes was an ancient source says deanes was an ancient source says deanes was telling I think it was the Persians the telling I think it was the Persians the telling I think it was the Persians the Alexander's a boy he's a child he's a

Alexander's a boy he's a child he's a Alexander's a boy he's a child he's a simpleton is what my more than simpleton is what my more than simpleton is what my more than hundred-year-old Dryden translation hundred-year-old Dryden translation hundred-year-old Dryden translation calls him I read a more recent U calls him I read a more recent U calls him I read a more recent U accounting of that line and it it accounting of that line and it it accounting of that line and it it translates the word instead of simpleton translates the word instead of simpleton translates the word instead of simpleton to boob so deanes is out telling people to boob so deanes is out telling people to boob so deanes is out telling people don't worry I mean sure Philip was this don't worry I mean sure Philip was this don't worry I mean sure Philip was this August guy but his kid's 20 years old August guy but his kid's 20 years old August guy but his kid's 20 years old he's a child he's a boob don't worry he's a child he's a boob don't worry he's a child he's a boob don't worry about about about him and then deanes starts reaching out him and then deanes starts reaching out him and then deanes starts reaching out or at least the source say to to some of or at least the source say to to some of or at least the source say to to some of the other big Macedonian generals and the other big Macedonian generals and the other big Macedonian generals and try to get them involved too right let's try to get them involved too right let's try to get them involved too right let's make it everybody against Alexander make it everybody against Alexander make it everybody against Alexander including Macedonian power Brokers you including Macedonian power Brokers you including Macedonian power Brokers you know in that know in that know in that state so you have this inflection moment state so you have this inflection moment state so you have this inflection moment now in this guy's life in the Alexander now in this guy's life in the Alexander now in this guy's life in the Alexander the Great the Great the Great story that if you're doing a movie and story that if you're doing a movie and story that if you're doing a movie and you want to make this guy a superhero you want to make this guy a superhero you want to make this guy a superhero instead of a historical figure a instead of a historical figure a instead of a historical figure a superhero from history you have this superhero from history you have this superhero from history you have this time now where it's really the first time now where it's really the first time now where it's really the first moment where he's been sort of forced to moment where he's been sort of forced to moment where he's been sort of forced to conceal under his secret identity his conceal under his secret identity his conceal under his secret identity his superpowers and hide them this is the superpowers and hide them this is the superpowers and hide them this is the moment where he unleashes them for the moment where he unleashes them for the moment where he unleashes them for the first time because he has to to first time because he has to to first time because he has to to survive I mean let's recall that unless survive I mean let's recall that unless survive I mean let's recall that unless this guy was responsible for his this guy was responsible for his this guy was responsible for his father's death somehow he was as caught father's death somehow he was as caught father's death somehow he was as caught by surprise as anybody so all of a by surprise as anybody so all of a by surprise as anybody so all of a sudden in his 911 moment unprepared he sudden in his 911 moment unprepared he sudden in his 911 moment unprepared he didn't have time to sort of mentally didn't have time to sort of mentally didn't have time to sort of mentally gear himself up for this he he in gear himself up for this he he in gear himself up for this he he in Philip's position and at that moment Philip's position and at that moment Philip's position and at that moment because Philip's gone now everybody

because Philip's gone now everybody because Philip's gone now everybody decides it's a good time to you know decides it's a good time to you know decides it's a good time to you know Rebel at the same time even within his Rebel at the same time even within his Rebel at the same time even within his own circle of you know macedonians even own circle of you know macedonians even own circle of you know macedonians even within maybe his extended family he's within maybe his extended family he's within maybe his extended family he's got people that are going to turn got people that are going to turn got people that are going to turn against him so he's got a bunch of against him so he's got a bunch of against him so he's got a bunch of things he's got to do just to get back things he's got to do just to get back things he's got to do just to get back to where his father was initially right to where his father was initially right to where his father was initially right he's got to control his own people first he's got to control his own people first he's got to control his own people first and he begins to do that by killing some and he begins to do that by killing some and he begins to do that by killing some of them of them of them it starts at his dad's funeral which it starts at his dad's funeral which it starts at his dad's funeral which seems to happen pretty darn soon after seems to happen pretty darn soon after seems to happen pretty darn soon after Alexander takes over they'll drag a Alexander takes over they'll drag a Alexander takes over they'll drag a couple of people from you know another couple of people from you know another couple of people from you know another side of the family and execute them side of the family and execute them side of the family and execute them right at Philip's right at Philip's right at Philip's tomb One Source also has them crucifying tomb One Source also has them crucifying tomb One Source also has them crucifying the corpse of the actual assassin penus the corpse of the actual assassin penus the corpse of the actual assassin penus at the tomb the tomb as we had said in at the tomb the tomb as we had said in at the tomb the tomb as we had said in part one was found in 1977 the actual complex uh where Philip 1977 the actual complex uh where Philip is buried has uh the remains of six is buried has uh the remains of six is buried has uh the remains of six people one of them a people one of them a people one of them a newborn and we said in part one that newborn and we said in part one that newborn and we said in part one that tomb 2 is most probably where philli is tomb 2 is most probably where philli is tomb 2 is most probably where philli is because uh I'd read a lot that said that because uh I'd read a lot that said that because uh I'd read a lot that said that and then of course in December 2023 a and then of course in December 2023 a and then of course in December 2023 a journal of archaeological science journal of archaeological science journal of archaeological science article made a pretty darn good case article made a pretty darn good case article made a pretty darn good case that he's in Tomb one and the reason why that he's in Tomb one and the reason why that he's in Tomb one and the reason why it matters is because you know if you're it matters is because you know if you're it matters is because you know if you're analyzing the remains in these tombs to analyzing the remains in these tombs to analyzing the remains in these tombs to decide how tall someone was or decide how tall someone was or decide how tall someone was or reconstruct or facial features or reconstruct or facial features or reconstruct or facial features or whatever if you're studying the wrong whatever if you're studying the wrong whatever if you're studying the wrong remains well you're getting the wrong remains well you're getting the wrong remains well you're getting the wrong information aren't you so the um fights

information aren't you so the um fights information aren't you so the um fights over that over that over that continue There are certainly though the continue There are certainly though the continue There are certainly though the remains of six people in this tomb remains of six people in this tomb remains of six people in this tomb complex and to get an idea of just how complex and to get an idea of just how complex and to get an idea of just how murderous things are going to get you murderous things are going to get you murderous things are going to get you could make a decent case without a huge could make a decent case without a huge could make a decent case without a huge amount of undue speculation that amount of undue speculation that amount of undue speculation that Alexander's mother Olympus may have been Alexander's mother Olympus may have been Alexander's mother Olympus may have been responsible for the deaths of five out responsible for the deaths of five out responsible for the deaths of five out of the six of of the six of of the six of them it's just going to be that kind of them it's just going to be that kind of them it's just going to be that kind of a time period And as we said the killing a time period And as we said the killing a time period And as we said the killing starts right at Philip's funeral with starts right at Philip's funeral with starts right at Philip's funeral with the people Alexander can get his hands the people Alexander can get his hands the people Alexander can get his hands on right away and he's going to reach on right away and he's going to reach on right away and he's going to reach out and go after the people that are too out and go after the people that are too out and go after the people that are too far to get instantly by sending out far to get instantly by sending out far to get instantly by sending out Contract Killers to get Contract Killers to get Contract Killers to get them one of those people is atalis them one of those people is atalis them one of those people is atalis adelus would have had to have believed adelus would have had to have believed adelus would have had to have believed he was on The Hit List anyway don't you he was on The Hit List anyway don't you he was on The Hit List anyway don't you think I mean when you in insult the think I mean when you in insult the think I mean when you in insult the Future King by essentially calling him a Future King by essentially calling him a Future King by essentially calling him a bastard at that cocktail party in front bastard at that cocktail party in front bastard at that cocktail party in front of everybody and then that guy becomes of everybody and then that guy becomes of everybody and then that guy becomes the king I would think you'd be thinking the king I would think you'd be thinking the king I would think you'd be thinking that your life was forfeit and you might that your life was forfeit and you might that your life was forfeit and you might be looking for any way out right put be looking for any way out right put be looking for any way out right put yourself in his shoes the good news if yourself in his shoes the good news if yourself in his shoes the good news if you're adus when Alexander becomes king you're adus when Alexander becomes king you're adus when Alexander becomes king though is you're not there you're in though is you're not there you're in though is you're not there you're in modern day Turkey as we said with the modern day Turkey as we said with the modern day Turkey as we said with the advanced force and the only person the advanced force and the only person the advanced force and the only person the only other General that could be a check only other General that could be a check only other General that could be a check on your power there happens to be your on your power there happens to be your on your power there happens to be your father mother-in-law your wife's dad so father mother-in-law your wife's dad so father mother-in-law your wife's dad so you know at least you're safe there you know at least you're safe there you know at least you're safe there right and you got 10,000 Macedonian

right and you got 10,000 Macedonian right and you got 10,000 Macedonian Soldiers with you good position to be in Soldiers with you good position to be in Soldiers with you good position to be in the Greeks and deanes are reaching out the Greeks and deanes are reaching out the Greeks and deanes are reaching out to you and want your help well if your to you and want your help well if your to you and want your help well if your life is forfeit anyway if Alexander gets life is forfeit anyway if Alexander gets life is forfeit anyway if Alexander gets his hands on you wouldn't you listen to his hands on you wouldn't you listen to his hands on you wouldn't you listen to some offers and that's where deodor some offers and that's where deodor some offers and that's where deodor culus story of Demoines reaching out to culus story of Demoines reaching out to culus story of Demoines reaching out to atus and saying you know let's get rid atus and saying you know let's get rid atus and saying you know let's get rid of this of this of this this simpleton this boob and deodor this simpleton this boob and deodor this simpleton this boob and deodor culus says that after Alexander becomes culus says that after Alexander becomes culus says that after Alexander becomes king king king quote immediately after Philip's death quote immediately after Philip's death quote immediately after Philip's death atalis embarked on a course of atalis embarked on a course of atalis embarked on a course of Revolution and agreed to cooperate with Revolution and agreed to cooperate with Revolution and agreed to cooperate with the Athenians against Alexander end the Athenians against Alexander end the Athenians against Alexander end quote a little earlier theodoris quote a little earlier theodoris quote a little earlier theodoris explains what Alexander's response to explains what Alexander's response to explains what Alexander's response to this was going to be and it's a this was going to be and it's a this was going to be and it's a typically alexandrian typically alexandrian typically alexandrian in decisive and Speedy sort of in decisive and Speedy sort of in decisive and Speedy sort of preemptive strike and in my Robin preemptive strike and in my Robin preemptive strike and in my Robin Waterfield translation deodor says quote Waterfield translation deodor says quote Waterfield translation deodor says quote atus however was waiting in the wings to atus however was waiting in the wings to atus however was waiting in the wings to seize the throne and Alexander decided seize the throne and Alexander decided seize the throne and Alexander decided to do away with him attilus was the to do away with him attilus was the to do away with him attilus was the brother Uncle actually of Philip's last brother Uncle actually of Philip's last brother Uncle actually of Philip's last wife Cleopatra and in fact Cleopatra had wife Cleopatra and in fact Cleopatra had wife Cleopatra and in fact Cleopatra had produced a child for Phillip just days produced a child for Phillip just days produced a child for Phillip just days before the King's death before the King's death before the King's death atus had been sent on ahead to Asia as atus had been sent on ahead to Asia as atus had been sent on ahead to Asia as joint Commander with parmenion of the joint Commander with parmenion of the joint Commander with parmenion of the expeditionary Force he had won the

expeditionary Force he had won the expeditionary Force he had won the affection of the soldiers with his affection of the soldiers with his affection of the soldiers with his generosity and cordiality and had become generosity and cordiality and had become generosity and cordiality and had become very popular in the Army Alexander had very popular in the Army Alexander had very popular in the Army Alexander had good reasons then theodoris writes to be good reasons then theodoris writes to be good reasons then theodoris writes to be concerned about the possibility that concerned about the possibility that concerned about the possibility that atus might link up with his opponents atus might link up with his opponents atus might link up with his opponents amongst the Greeks and claim the throne amongst the Greeks and claim the throne amongst the Greeks and claim the throne so he chose one of his friends a man so he chose one of his friends a man so he chose one of his friends a man called hecas or heus if you prefer and called hecas or heus if you prefer and called hecas or heus if you prefer and sent him to Asia with sufficient sent him to Asia with sufficient sent him to Asia with sufficient soldiers and instructions to bring atus soldiers and instructions to bring atus soldiers and instructions to bring atus back alive preferably but if this was back alive preferably but if this was back alive preferably but if this was impossible to murder him at the earliest impossible to murder him at the earliest impossible to murder him at the earliest opportunity so heca sailed over to Asia opportunity so heca sailed over to Asia opportunity so heca sailed over to Asia joined Parian an attilus and waited for joined Parian an attilus and waited for joined Parian an attilus and waited for a chance to carry out his mission end a chance to carry out his mission end a chance to carry out his mission end quote well at some point if you believe quote well at some point if you believe quote well at some point if you believe the diodorus story here atus Maybe the diodorus story here atus Maybe the diodorus story here atus Maybe realiz realizes that he's been caught realiz realizes that he's been caught realiz realizes that he's been caught and tries his best to squirm out of this and tries his best to squirm out of this and tries his best to squirm out of this maybe that's my interpretation of how maybe that's my interpretation of how maybe that's my interpretation of how one tries to figure out his change of one tries to figure out his change of one tries to figure out his change of heart and his turning over of the heart and his turning over of the heart and his turning over of the incriminating letters from deases right incriminating letters from deases right incriminating letters from deases right to Alexander it's not going to save his to Alexander it's not going to save his to Alexander it's not going to save his neck but theodoris writes quote he had neck but theodoris writes quote he had neck but theodoris writes quote he had in his keeping the letter he'd received in his keeping the letter he'd received in his keeping the letter he'd received from demosthenes and he sent it off to from demosthenes and he sent it off to from demosthenes and he sent it off to Alexander along with expressions of Alexander along with expressions of Alexander along with expressions of goodwi in an attempt to have the charges goodwi in an attempt to have the charges goodwi in an attempt to have the charges against him dropped but heus or against him dropped but heus or against him dropped but heus or hecas but hecas murdered attilus as

hecas but hecas murdered attilus as hecas but hecas murdered attilus as ordered by the king and then the ordered by the king and then the ordered by the king and then the restiveness and rebelliousness of the restiveness and rebelliousness of the restiveness and rebelliousness of the Macedonian expeditionary force in Asia Macedonian expeditionary force in Asia Macedonian expeditionary force in Asia came to an end though this was not just came to an end though this was not just came to an end though this was not just because of ais's murder but also because because of ais's murder but also because because of ais's murder but also because Parian was squarely Alexander's man end Parian was squarely Alexander's man end Parian was squarely Alexander's man end quote so this is the part of the story quote so this is the part of the story quote so this is the part of the story here where if I'm making my Alexander here where if I'm making my Alexander here where if I'm making my Alexander film I want Martin Scorsese he directing film I want Martin Scorsese he directing film I want Martin Scorsese he directing it the way by the way he was supposed to it the way by the way he was supposed to it the way by the way he was supposed to have done I heard before Oliver Stones have done I heard before Oliver Stones have done I heard before Oliver Stones movie came out and squelched it I mean movie came out and squelched it I mean movie came out and squelched it I mean this is a mafia Godfather is type this is a mafia Godfather is type this is a mafia Godfather is type position to put other family members in position to put other family members in position to put other family members in I mean I have multiple secondary sources I mean I have multiple secondary sources I mean I have multiple secondary sources modern historians um who are suggesting modern historians um who are suggesting modern historians um who are suggesting that there's no way this atalis that there's no way this atalis that there's no way this atalis assassination happens without Parian assassination happens without Parian assassination happens without Parian approving of it the other General on the approving of it the other General on the approving of it the other General on the scene with the expeditionary Force but scene with the expeditionary Force but scene with the expeditionary Force but Parian is the father-in-law to atus Parian is the father-in-law to atus Parian is the father-in-law to atus right atus is married to his daughter uh right atus is married to his daughter uh right atus is married to his daughter uh if you decide you're going to let your if you decide you're going to let your if you decide you're going to let your son-in-law be whacked that's an son-in-law be whacked that's an son-in-law be whacked that's an interesting Dynamic that might have been interesting Dynamic that might have been interesting Dynamic that might have been the part of the deal that was the part of the deal that was the part of the deal that was non-negotiable right we're taking atas non-negotiable right we're taking atas non-negotiable right we're taking atas what do you want for the deal what do what do you want for the deal what do what do you want for the deal what do you want to be quiet what do you want to you want to be quiet what do you want to you want to be quiet what do you want to be happy I mean as one of the historians be happy I mean as one of the historians be happy I mean as one of the historians I was reading said you can always get I was reading said you can always get I was reading said you can always get another son-in-law and after adus has another son-in-law and after adus has another son-in-law and after adus has taken out up some of paran's family taken out up some of paran's family taken out up some of paran's family members do get some Plum sort of members do get some Plum sort of members do get some Plum sort of promotions and positions so if one is promotions and positions so if one is promotions and positions so if one is trying to make their own movie and this trying to make their own movie and this trying to make their own movie and this is part of that gray area you don't know is part of that gray area you don't know is part of that gray area you don't know enough about you could conjure up all

enough about you could conjure up all enough about you could conjure up all sorts of deals that might be made here sorts of deals that might be made here sorts of deals that might be made here to make a you know non-negotiable to make a you know non-negotiable to make a you know non-negotiable problem go away and everybody sort of problem go away and everybody sort of problem go away and everybody sort of walk away with pretty good consolation walk away with pretty good consolation walk away with pretty good consolation prizes and atus isn't the only one who prizes and atus isn't the only one who prizes and atus isn't the only one who gets whacked uh just one amongst an gets whacked uh just one amongst an gets whacked uh just one amongst an indeterminable but certainly significant indeterminable but certainly significant indeterminable but certainly significant number of people that are are going to number of people that are are going to number of people that are are going to be wiped out as part of the succession be wiped out as part of the succession be wiped out as part of the succession purges that Alexander initiates um an purges that Alexander initiates um an purges that Alexander initiates um an indeterminate number of people will be indeterminate number of people will be indeterminate number of people will be killed though and they will often be killed though and they will often be killed though and they will often be killed on charges that they were somehow killed on charges that they were somehow killed on charges that they were somehow involved in Philip's assassination I involved in Philip's assassination I involved in Philip's assassination I mean it reminds you a little bit of the mean it reminds you a little bit of the mean it reminds you a little bit of the Soviet Union Great Purge where everybody Soviet Union Great Purge where everybody Soviet Union Great Purge where everybody was being executed for having something was being executed for having something was being executed for having something to do one way or another with the to do one way or another with the to do one way or another with the assassination of Sergey kirov right it's assassination of Sergey kirov right it's assassination of Sergey kirov right it's a little like that a little like that a little like that maybe but atalis probably was a maybe but atalis probably was a maybe but atalis probably was a legitimate Target uh several of the legitimate Target uh several of the legitimate Target uh several of the historians um that I was reading were historians um that I was reading were historians um that I was reading were suggesting that um he maybe even knew suggesting that um he maybe even knew suggesting that um he maybe even knew this was coming the other person that this was coming the other person that this was coming the other person that would have known she was a dead Queen would have known she was a dead Queen would have known she was a dead Queen walking was his niece Cleopatra she must walking was his niece Cleopatra she must walking was his niece Cleopatra she must have known right away that as soon as have known right away that as soon as have known right away that as soon as Alexander takes over and his mother uh Alexander takes over and his mother uh Alexander takes over and his mother uh has any say in it that she's not going has any say in it that she's not going has any say in it that she's not going to make to make to make it in fact one of it in fact one of it in fact one of the people buried in that tomb complex the people buried in that tomb complex the people buried in that tomb complex with Philip that was found in with Philip that was found in with Philip that was found in 1977 is thought to be Cleopatra and her 1977 is thought to be Cleopatra and her 1977 is thought to be Cleopatra and her newborn child probably Philip's daughter newborn child probably Philip's daughter newborn child probably Philip's daughter some would say son it's unknown they some would say son it's unknown they some would say son it's unknown they found a few pieces of uh that newborn

found a few pieces of uh that newborn found a few pieces of uh that newborn and did an analysis and it was killed so and did an analysis and it was killed so and did an analysis and it was killed so soon after birth that the old soon after birth that the old soon after birth that the old views uh that used to be out there that views uh that used to be out there that views uh that used to be out there that there had been a little bit of a time there had been a little bit of a time there had been a little bit of a time lag between Alexander taking control and lag between Alexander taking control and lag between Alexander taking control and Cleopatra and the newborn being killed Cleopatra and the newborn being killed Cleopatra and the newborn being killed seemed to be wrong she seems to maybe seemed to be wrong she seems to maybe seemed to be wrong she seems to maybe have been killed almost right away that have been killed almost right away that have been killed almost right away that is traditionally blamed on Alexander's is traditionally blamed on Alexander's is traditionally blamed on Alexander's Mother olympius Elizabeth Carney in her Mother olympius Elizabeth Carney in her Mother olympius Elizabeth Carney in her wonderful book uh olympius breaks down wonderful book uh olympius breaks down wonderful book uh olympius breaks down that whole point did she do it didn't that whole point did she do it didn't that whole point did she do it didn't she do it if she did do it what did they she do it if she did do it what did they she do it if she did do it what did they think about it and comes to the basic think about it and comes to the basic think about it and comes to the basic conclusion that it wouldn't have been conclusion that it wouldn't have been conclusion that it wouldn't have been considered All That eyebrow raising and considered All That eyebrow raising and considered All That eyebrow raising and the only weird part might have been that the only weird part might have been that the only weird part might have been that it was one woman inflicting violence on it was one woman inflicting violence on it was one woman inflicting violence on another woman which wasn't so normal another woman which wasn't so normal another woman which wasn't so normal before that time period but does become before that time period but does become before that time period but does become normal afterwards she sort of normalizes normal afterwards she sort of normalizes normal afterwards she sort of normalizes it and how it was done uh isn't known it and how it was done uh isn't known it and how it was done uh isn't known but of course there are some lurid Tales but of course there are some lurid Tales but of course there are some lurid Tales by later historians trying probably to by later historians trying probably to by later historians trying probably to milk the whole female angle but one milk the whole female angle but one milk the whole female angle but one later historian has Olympus dragging uh later historian has Olympus dragging uh later historian has Olympus dragging uh her Ral wife and the newborn over her Ral wife and the newborn over her Ral wife and the newborn over glowing coals probably didn't happen glowing coals probably didn't happen glowing coals probably didn't happen that way Elizabeth Carney thinks what's that way Elizabeth Carney thinks what's that way Elizabeth Carney thinks what's likely is what had happened at another likely is what had happened at another likely is what had happened at another time period as I believe we said out of time period as I believe we said out of time period as I believe we said out of the six people buried in the Phil tomb the six people buried in the Phil tomb the six people buried in the Phil tomb compound Olympus might have been compound Olympus might have been compound Olympus might have been responsible for five of their deaths uh responsible for five of their deaths uh responsible for five of their deaths uh a later person's going to be a female a later person's going to be a female a later person's going to be a female who hangs herself Elizabeth Carney who hangs herself Elizabeth Carney who hangs herself Elizabeth Carney thinks maybe the baby was killed maybe thinks maybe the baby was killed maybe thinks maybe the baby was killed maybe in front of Cleopatra's eyes and then in front of Cleopatra's eyes and then in front of Cleopatra's eyes and then Cleopatra was allowed to with dignity

Cleopatra was allowed to with dignity Cleopatra was allowed to with dignity hang herself who knows but Alexander in hang herself who knows but Alexander in hang herself who knows but Alexander in One Source will reproach his mother for One Source will reproach his mother for One Source will reproach his mother for behaving savagely to behaving savagely to behaving savagely to Cleopatra now just to point this out Cleopatra now just to point this out Cleopatra now just to point this out because I didn't want to have it go because I didn't want to have it go because I didn't want to have it go unnoticed Alexander's been King all 5 unnoticed Alexander's been King all 5 unnoticed Alexander's been King all 5 seconds and we already have one of those seconds and we already have one of those seconds and we already have one of those fork in the road moments where you kind fork in the road moments where you kind fork in the road moments where you kind of have to decide what you think of have to decide what you think of have to decide what you think happened and that's going to influence happened and that's going to influence happened and that's going to influence the way you see this Alexander figure I the way you see this Alexander figure I the way you see this Alexander figure I mean if he ordered the death of his mean if he ordered the death of his mean if he ordered the death of his dad's last wife and the newborn he's one dad's last wife and the newborn he's one dad's last wife and the newborn he's one kind of guy right if he looked the other kind of guy right if he looked the other kind of guy right if he looked the other way knowingly and let his mom do it it's way knowingly and let his mom do it it's way knowingly and let his mom do it it's another guy if he didn't want to kill another guy if he didn't want to kill another guy if he didn't want to kill them at all but his mom got to them them at all but his mom got to them them at all but his mom got to them first and killed them it's another first and killed them it's another first and killed them it's another guy so as he has control or guy so as he has control or guy so as he has control or responsibility over some of these responsibility over some of these responsibility over some of these outcomes right history may be difficult outcomes right history may be difficult outcomes right history may be difficult to determine motives and reasons and to determine motives and reasons and to determine motives and reasons and exactly what happened but you can say exactly what happened but you can say exactly what happened but you can say things like well all of a sudden they things like well all of a sudden they things like well all of a sudden they died and everybody talked about it okay died and everybody talked about it okay died and everybody talked about it okay that's an outcome you can you know get that's an outcome you can you know get that's an outcome you can you know get your mind around your arms around it your mind around your arms around it your mind around your arms around it really happened and deciding Alexander's really happened and deciding Alexander's really happened and deciding Alexander's involvement is part of trying to come to involvement is part of trying to come to involvement is part of trying to come to grip with you know where he should fall grip with you know where he should fall grip with you know where he should fall on the biographical spectrum between a on the biographical spectrum between a on the biographical spectrum between a butcher on one end and a philosopher butcher on one end and a philosopher butcher on one end and a philosopher king on the king on the king on the other we do understand of course right other we do understand of course right other we do understand of course right that all of this needs to be assessed that all of this needs to be assessed that all of this needs to be assessed through a translation lens what's that

through a translation lens what's that through a translation lens what's that line that the past is like another line that the past is like another line that the past is like another country they do things differently there country they do things differently there country they do things differently there and what is considered okay and right and what is considered okay and right and what is considered okay and right and maybe even commendable in one time and maybe even commendable in one time and maybe even commendable in one time period can be considered evil and period can be considered evil and period can be considered evil and horrific in another there are people who horrific in another there are people who horrific in another there are people who complain that this is cultural complain that this is cultural complain that this is cultural relativism and it lets people from the relativism and it lets people from the relativism and it lets people from the past off the hook but if they didn't past off the hook but if they didn't past off the hook but if they didn't know something was wrong seems pretty know something was wrong seems pretty know something was wrong seems pretty difficult sometimes to hold them difficult sometimes to hold them difficult sometimes to hold them accountable for that if you're not sure accountable for that if you're not sure accountable for that if you're not sure about that just try to imagine people a about that just try to imagine people a about that just try to imagine people a thousand years from now considering some thousand years from now considering some thousand years from now considering some of the things that we do routinely and of the things that we do routinely and of the things that we do routinely and don't even think about uh whether or not don't even think about uh whether or not don't even think about uh whether or not they're good or bad to do imagine being they're good or bad to do imagine being they're good or bad to do imagine being judged solely on the fact that we did judged solely on the fact that we did judged solely on the fact that we did that you might say we didn't know any that you might say we didn't know any that you might say we didn't know any better they might say that's no excuse better they might say that's no excuse better they might say that's no excuse so be so be so be careful there is a scenario I can careful there is a scenario I can careful there is a scenario I can imagine in my mind where the very people imagine in my mind where the very people imagine in my mind where the very people Alexander is responsible to right the Alexander is responsible to right the Alexander is responsible to right the average people in the Kingdom of average people in the Kingdom of average people in the Kingdom of Macedonia would say oh my God we Face Macedonia would say oh my God we Face Macedonia would say oh my God we Face the most existential moment in you know the most existential moment in you know the most existential moment in you know the history of Macedonia as a state that the history of Macedonia as a state that the history of Macedonia as a state that matters forget whether some young woman matters forget whether some young woman matters forget whether some young woman or some newborn has been killed you or some newborn has been killed you or some newborn has been killed you screw this up and tens of thousands of screw this up and tens of thousands of screw this up and tens of thousands of us are going to die you know get tough us are going to die you know get tough us are going to die you know get tough and be the King right so it depends on and be the King right so it depends on and be the King right so it depends on how you want to view this situation but how you want to view this situation but how you want to view this situation but in my mind this is the moment where in my mind this is the moment where in my mind this is the moment where Alexander completely destroys this idea Alexander completely destroys this idea Alexander completely destroys this idea that he might be a child a simpleton a that he might be a child a simpleton a that he might be a child a simpleton a boob and he does so by essentially in my

boob and he does so by essentially in my boob and he does so by essentially in my superhero story of Alexander pulling off superhero story of Alexander pulling off superhero story of Alexander pulling off the Clark Kent glasses and pulling open the Clark Kent glasses and pulling open the Clark Kent glasses and pulling open his shirt and revealing the S on his his shirt and revealing the S on his his shirt and revealing the S on his chest at this moment and it has to be chest at this moment and it has to be chest at this moment and it has to be this moment because if super man doesn't this moment because if super man doesn't this moment because if super man doesn't appear everything is going to go to hell appear everything is going to go to hell appear everything is going to go to hell in a hand basket and my favorite in a hand basket and my favorite in a hand basket and my favorite description of the moment is in Plutarch description of the moment is in Plutarch description of the moment is in Plutarch and I have a book that I'm enjoying and I have a book that I'm enjoying and I have a book that I'm enjoying quite a bit it's not really a book it's quite a bit it's not really a book it's quite a bit it's not really a book it's a compilation of sources called a compilation of sources called a compilation of sources called Alexander the Great historical sources Alexander the Great historical sources Alexander the Great historical sources in in in Translation and they have a newer Translation and they have a newer Translation and they have a newer version of a Plutarch translation that I version of a Plutarch translation that I version of a Plutarch translation that I don't have just passages in it but one don't have just passages in it but one don't have just passages in it but one of the passages is this key one that of the passages is this key one that of the passages is this key one that describes you know this crisis moment in describes you know this crisis moment in describes you know this crisis moment in the Superman film where Lois Lane's the Superman film where Lois Lane's the Superman film where Lois Lane's about to fall about to fall about to fall and off the building and he's got to and off the building and he's got to and off the building and he's got to just you know become Superman at this just you know become Superman at this just you know become Superman at this moment to save the day at least if moment to save the day at least if moment to save the day at least if you're looking at it from a Macedonian you're looking at it from a Macedonian you're looking at it from a Macedonian Viewpoint if you're looking at it from Viewpoint if you're looking at it from Viewpoint if you're looking at it from like an Athenian or thean Viewpoint this like an Athenian or thean Viewpoint this like an Athenian or thean Viewpoint this is when he becomes Darth Vader and is when he becomes Darth Vader and is when he becomes Darth Vader and Plutarch from the seagler Plutarch from the seagler Plutarch from the seagler translation says quote and so at the age translation says quote and so at the age translation says quote and so at the age of 20 Alexander took over the realm of 20 Alexander took over the realm of 20 Alexander took over the realm which was in every quarter fraught with which was in every quarter fraught with which was in every quarter fraught with bitter jealousies and deadly enmities bitter jealousies and deadly enmities bitter jealousies and deadly enmities and dangers for the Barbarian tribes who and dangers for the Barbarian tribes who and dangers for the Barbarian tribes who were his neighbors would not accept were his neighbors would not accept were his neighbors would not accept their subjugation and yearned for the their subjugation and yearned for the their subjugation and yearned for the independent kingdoms of their ancestors independent kingdoms of their ancestors independent kingdoms of their ancestors in addition although Philip had defeated in addition although Philip had defeated in addition although Philip had defeated Greece in armed conflict he had not had Greece in armed conflict he had not had Greece in armed conflict he had not had sufficient time to completely subdue and sufficient time to completely subdue and sufficient time to completely subdue and tame her all he had done in fact was tame her all he had done in fact was tame her all he had done in fact was bring change and confusion and then with

bring change and confusion and then with bring change and confusion and then with people unused to the new circumstances people unused to the new circumstances people unused to the new circumstances leave behind him a state of restlessness leave behind him a state of restlessness leave behind him a state of restlessness and turmoil end and turmoil end and turmoil end quote now this is where Plutarch sets up quote now this is where Plutarch sets up quote now this is where Plutarch sets up the moment he has these and who knows if the moment he has these and who knows if the moment he has these and who knows if it happened this way he has these it happened this way he has these it happened this way he has these hard-bitten Macedonian generals the guys hard-bitten Macedonian generals the guys hard-bitten Macedonian generals the guys who were his dad's generals who helped who were his dad's generals who helped who were his dad's generals who helped conquer all these people in the first conquer all these people in the first conquer all these people in the first place caution that he needs to be place caution that he needs to be place caution that he needs to be careful there's a lot of moving Parts a careful there's a lot of moving Parts a careful there's a lot of moving Parts a lot going on you know maybe we need to lot going on you know maybe we need to lot going on you know maybe we need to be conciliatory over here give a little be conciliatory over here give a little be conciliatory over here give a little over there it's a strategy one could see over there it's a strategy one could see over there it's a strategy one could see Philip being okay with what did we say Philip being okay with what did we say Philip being okay with what did we say about his sort of tactics he was a kind about his sort of tactics he was a kind about his sort of tactics he was a kind of by any means necessary guy right he of by any means necessary guy right he of by any means necessary guy right he didn't care there was there was no chest didn't care there was there was no chest didn't care there was there was no chest pounding if he could get something with pounding if he could get something with pounding if he could get something with money for example Alexander's not going money for example Alexander's not going money for example Alexander's not going to be that way for Alexander the way you to be that way for Alexander the way you to be that way for Alexander the way you do things is part of what matters and do things is part of what matters and do things is part of what matters and Plutarch has him essentially waving off Plutarch has him essentially waving off Plutarch has him essentially waving off the advice remember 20-year-old kid been the advice remember 20-year-old kid been the advice remember 20-year-old kid been King for 5 seconds waving off the advice King for 5 seconds waving off the advice King for 5 seconds waving off the advice of the professionals and saying he's not of the professionals and saying he's not of the professionals and saying he's not going to do it that way and Plutarch going to do it that way and Plutarch going to do it that way and Plutarch says quote the macedonians were fearful says quote the macedonians were fearful says quote the macedonians were fearful of this predicament and felt Alexander of this predicament and felt Alexander of this predicament and felt Alexander should completely abandon the Greek should completely abandon the Greek should completely abandon the Greek situation and apply no further pressure situation and apply no further pressure situation and apply no further pressure there they thought he should use gentle there they thought he should use gentle there they thought he should use gentle means to bring back into line The means to bring back into line The means to bring back into line The Barbarians who had defected and use Barbarians who had defected and use Barbarians who had defected and use conciliation to check unrest at its conciliation to check unrest at its conciliation to check unrest at its first appearance Alexander however first appearance Alexander however first appearance Alexander however started from a position diametrically started from a position diametrically started from a position diametrically opposed to this he set out to establish opposed to this he set out to establish opposed to this he set out to establish security and safeguards for his realm security and safeguards for his realm security and safeguards for his realm with action and a heroic Spirit assuming with action and a heroic Spirit assuming with action and a heroic Spirit assuming that all would descend upon him if he

that all would descend upon him if he that all would descend upon him if he were to waver in his resolve end were to waver in his resolve end were to waver in his resolve end quote now remember this is the first quote now remember this is the first quote now remember this is the first historical moment that we know of that historical moment that we know of that historical moment that we know of that Alexander is really in charge here that Alexander is really in charge here that Alexander is really in charge here that he has he has he has agency and this is where we get a chance agency and this is where we get a chance agency and this is where we get a chance to see him start to unveil some of the to see him start to unveil some of the to see him start to unveil some of the things that he's going to be known for things that he's going to be known for things that he's going to be known for right if there's superpowers as we said right if there's superpowers as we said right if there's superpowers as we said one of them is in Alexander's case one of them is in Alexander's case one of them is in Alexander's case speed disorienting speed speed that speed disorienting speed speed that speed disorienting speed speed that continually wrong foots the people that continually wrong foots the people that continually wrong foots the people that he's up against and speed at the he's up against and speed at the he's up against and speed at the Tactical Battlefield level but also with Tactical Battlefield level but also with Tactical Battlefield level but also with the giant strategic level if Alexander the giant strategic level if Alexander the giant strategic level if Alexander is your opponent opponent on the other is your opponent opponent on the other is your opponent opponent on the other side of the war game table and you side of the war game table and you side of the war game table and you wonder what his Tendencies are he's wonder what his Tendencies are he's wonder what his Tendencies are he's going to move on you and he's going to going to move on you and he's going to going to move on you and he's going to be where you don't expect him before you be where you don't expect him before you be where you don't expect him before you even think it's capable of getting that even think it's capable of getting that even think it's capable of getting that far and you'll see it here because the far and you'll see it here because the far and you'll see it here because the first thing he does is get the Army first thing he does is get the Army first thing he does is get the Army together and start marching south from together and start marching south from together and start marching south from macadonia macadonia macadonia he's pacified things back at home right he's pacified things back at home right he's pacified things back at home right if this is a triage sort of deal the if this is a triage sort of deal the if this is a triage sort of deal the first step is quelling any sort of first step is quelling any sort of first step is quelling any sort of problems in your re make sure problems in your re make sure problems in your re make sure everything's settled back you know in everything's settled back you know in everything's settled back you know in the capital and then head on down south the capital and then head on down south the capital and then head on down south and as you arrive at each of these and as you arrive at each of these and as you arrive at each of these locations bring them back into the fold locations bring them back into the fold locations bring them back into the fold peacefully peacefully peacefully hopefully if not well that's what the hopefully if not well that's what the hopefully if not well that's what the Army is for the first group of people he Army is for the first group of people he Army is for the first group of people he encounters are the encounters are the encounters are the thesans who have a long-term thesans who have a long-term thesans who have a long-term relationship especially after this

relationship especially after this relationship especially after this period with the macedonians they're period with the macedonians they're period with the macedonians they're almost Partners in Empire not fair to almost Partners in Empire not fair to almost Partners in Empire not fair to call them cousins of the macedonians but call them cousins of the macedonians but call them cousins of the macedonians but they sometimes seem like that if you they sometimes seem like that if you they sometimes seem like that if you will and that's going to be something will and that's going to be something will and that's going to be something Alexander can exploit with a sort of a Alexander can exploit with a sort of a Alexander can exploit with a sort of a good cop bad cop kind of attitude you good cop bad cop kind of attitude you good cop bad cop kind of attitude you know talks about we descend from the know talks about we descend from the know talks about we descend from the same people you know we've had a good same people you know we've had a good same people you know we've had a good relationship with each other M mutually relationship with each other M mutually relationship with each other M mutually beneficial and while he says that he's beneficial and while he says that he's beneficial and while he says that he's managed to outflank the force of thes managed to outflank the force of thes managed to outflank the force of thes alens that were blocking a position that alens that were blocking a position that alens that were blocking a position that was intended to create a was intended to create a was intended to create a military disadvantage for Alexander and military disadvantage for Alexander and military disadvantage for Alexander and when you can make make all those good when you can make make all those good when you can make make all those good cases about a shared ancestry and all cases about a shared ancestry and all cases about a shared ancestry and all those sorts of things while you're those sorts of things while you're those sorts of things while you're outflanking the opponent he's got at outflanking the opponent he's got at outflanking the opponent he's got at least two reasons uh why it's a good least two reasons uh why it's a good least two reasons uh why it's a good idea to just say you know what we make a idea to just say you know what we make a idea to just say you know what we make a good case we're back good case we're back good case we're back in and then Alexander heads down south in and then Alexander heads down south in and then Alexander heads down south and will show up outside Thieves for and will show up outside Thieves for and will show up outside Thieves for example before the theevans are ready to example before the theevans are ready to example before the theevans are ready to have him have him have him there like a bunch of other cities the there like a bunch of other cities the there like a bunch of other cities the theevans have expelled their Macedonian theevans have expelled their Macedonian theevans have expelled their Macedonian garrisons they're sort of fre thinking garrisons they're sort of fre thinking garrisons they're sort of fre thinking that a earlier deal made with that a earlier deal made with that a earlier deal made with Alexander's dad and when he shows up Alexander's dad and when he shows up Alexander's dad and when he shows up with the Army in battle array with their with the Army in battle array with their with the Army in battle array with their armor on outside thieves the sources say armor on outside thieves the sources say armor on outside thieves the sources say this is the equivalent of coming into this is the equivalent of coming into this is the equivalent of coming into the negotiations with thieves and just the negotiations with thieves and just the negotiations with thieves and just once again there's a little Mafia style once again there's a little Mafia style once again there's a little Mafia style to this whole thing a sort of an to this whole thing a sort of an to this whole thing a sort of an understated uh murderous intimidation understated uh murderous intimidation understated uh murderous intimidation sort of an air but you know done in a sort of an air but you know done in a sort of an air but you know done in a classy sort of way where you walk into

classy sort of way where you walk into classy sort of way where you walk into the negotiations and you just place the the negotiations and you just place the the negotiations and you just place the handgun on the negotiating table look up handgun on the negotiating table look up handgun on the negotiating table look up don't acknowledge its existence at all don't acknowledge its existence at all don't acknowledge its existence at all and just start talking turkey about the and just start talking turkey about the and just start talking turkey about the deal everybody knows the gun is there deal everybody knows the gun is there deal everybody knows the gun is there everybody knows what it symbolizes but everybody knows what it symbolizes but everybody knows what it symbolizes but nobody has to be as gous to draw nobody has to be as gous to draw nobody has to be as gous to draw attention to it the thians get the attention to it the thians get the attention to it the thians get the message and they give in the Athenians message and they give in the Athenians message and they give in the Athenians send a delegation to say um oh yeah send a delegation to say um oh yeah send a delegation to say um oh yeah never mind the money that demosthenes never mind the money that demosthenes never mind the money that demosthenes was providing to the thians to resist was providing to the thians to resist was providing to the thians to resist you uh you know we acknowledge you as you uh you know we acknowledge you as you uh you know we acknowledge you as the head of the organization again the head of the organization again the head of the organization again and in sort of a quick chain of events and in sort of a quick chain of events and in sort of a quick chain of events Alexander will move on to the to current Alexander will move on to the to current Alexander will move on to the to current the actual you know sort of the seat of the actual you know sort of the seat of the actual you know sort of the seat of this organization his dad created and this organization his dad created and this organization his dad created and everybody who was in the original everybody who was in the original everybody who was in the original organization with the exception of organization with the exception of organization with the exception of Sparta which wasn't in the original Sparta which wasn't in the original Sparta which wasn't in the original organization uh will pledge uh that organization uh will pledge uh that organization uh will pledge uh that Alexander basically takes his dad's Alexander basically takes his dad's Alexander basically takes his dad's place the original deal of going back place the original deal of going back place the original deal of going back and and paying the Persians back for and and paying the Persians back for and and paying the Persians back for what the Persians did to the Greeks 150 what the Persians did to the Greeks 150 what the Persians did to the Greeks 150 years previously is still on everybody's years previously is still on everybody's years previously is still on everybody's in you know business is usual it's in you know business is usual it's in you know business is usual it's during this time period when Alexander during this time period when Alexander during this time period when Alexander has two stories that fit into the has two stories that fit into the has two stories that fit into the timeline of his life that are timeline of his life that are timeline of his life that are traditionally a part of the Alexander traditionally a part of the Alexander traditionally a part of the Alexander Cannon the first one is that while he's Cannon the first one is that while he's Cannon the first one is that while he's down here he goes up to the Oracle of down here he goes up to the Oracle of down here he goes up to the Oracle of delie to talk to the Priestess and get a delie to talk to the Priestess and get a delie to talk to the Priestess and get a a prophecy so he goes up there only to a prophecy so he goes up there only to a prophecy so he goes up there only to find out that it's winter and the Oracle find out that it's winter and the Oracle find out that it's winter and the Oracle shuts down for winter so it's closed and

shuts down for winter so it's closed and shuts down for winter so it's closed and he's not the kind of guy that's used to he's not the kind of guy that's used to he's not the kind of guy that's used to take seing no for an answer so the take seing no for an answer so the take seing no for an answer so the sources have him you know going back sources have him you know going back sources have him you know going back into the inner sanctum finding the into the inner sanctum finding the into the inner sanctum finding the Priestess and sort of you know roughing Priestess and sort of you know roughing Priestess and sort of you know roughing her up might be too strong a word but her up might be too strong a word but her up might be too strong a word but you know shaking her and letting her you know shaking her and letting her you know shaking her and letting her know you know you don't get off that know you know you don't get off that know you know you don't get off that easy and she's supposed to have remarked easy and she's supposed to have remarked easy and she's supposed to have remarked while he's shaking her or what have you while he's shaking her or what have you while he's shaking her or what have you my son you are invincible and that's all my son you are invincible and that's all my son you are invincible and that's all Alexander wanted to hear anyway and he Alexander wanted to hear anyway and he Alexander wanted to hear anyway and he left saying that basically that was the left saying that basically that was the left saying that basically that was the prophecy he was after and the other prophecy he was after and the other prophecy he was after and the other story that happens while he's down here story that happens while he's down here story that happens while he's down here while he's in Corinth while he's in Corinth while he's in Corinth specifically is this alleged encounter specifically is this alleged encounter specifically is this alleged encounter with the famous cynic philosopher with the famous cynic philosopher with the famous cynic philosopher diogenes the guy who was always in diogenes the guy who was always in diogenes the guy who was always in search of a good man who believed in search of a good man who believed in search of a good man who believed in sort of the virtues of poverty and would sort of the virtues of poverty and would sort of the virtues of poverty and would sleep in a barrel naked not the kind of sleep in a barrel naked not the kind of sleep in a barrel naked not the kind of guy you would expect an upand Comer in guy you would expect an upand Comer in guy you would expect an upand Comer in the geopolitical glitterati like the geopolitical glitterati like the geopolitical glitterati like Alexander to be you know fascinated with Alexander to be you know fascinated with Alexander to be you know fascinated with but again this is maybe part if we're but again this is maybe part if we're but again this is maybe part if we're going to do it this way of looking into going to do it this way of looking into going to do it this way of looking into to trying to figure out who this guy to trying to figure out who this guy to trying to figure out who this guy might have been inside if if this is the might have been inside if if this is the might have been inside if if this is the kind of person he admires and the story kind of person he admires and the story kind of person he admires and the story is that he comes upon diogenes with a is that he comes upon diogenes with a is that he comes upon diogenes with a few of his men and he's just watching few of his men and he's just watching few of his men and he's just watching him laying in the sun expecting to be him laying in the sun expecting to be him laying in the sun expecting to be noticed and not being noticed and noticed and not being noticed and noticed and not being noticed and finally getting a little antsy he breaks finally getting a little antsy he breaks finally getting a little antsy he breaks the ice by saying to this philosopher the ice by saying to this philosopher the ice by saying to this philosopher that he admires is there anything I can that he admires is there anything I can that he admires is there anything I can do for you to which dienes do for you to which dienes do for you to which dienes replies yes you can move a little you're

replies yes you can move a little you're replies yes you can move a little you're blocking the light blocking the light blocking the light Alexander's men were not thrilled with Alexander's men were not thrilled with Alexander's men were not thrilled with this answer and got agitated to which this answer and got agitated to which this answer and got agitated to which Alexander responded maybe Alexander responded maybe Alexander responded maybe tellingly that he was good with it if he tellingly that he was good with it if he tellingly that he was good with it if he were not Alexander he would be diogenes were not Alexander he would be diogenes were not Alexander he would be diogenes interesting line for a guy to make want interesting line for a guy to make want interesting line for a guy to make want to switch places with the dude with no to switch places with the dude with no to switch places with the dude with no clothes living in a barrel um it's an clothes living in a barrel um it's an clothes living in a barrel um it's an interesting connection to the man when interesting connection to the man when interesting connection to the man when we start to try to find little Clues as we start to try to find little Clues as we start to try to find little Clues as to what he might have thought who he to what he might have thought who he to what he might have thought who he might have might have might have been I'm reminded of a story that Mick been I'm reminded of a story that Mick been I'm reminded of a story that Mick Jagger who went to the London School of Jagger who went to the London School of Jagger who went to the London School of Economics had told an interviewer once Economics had told an interviewer once Economics had told an interviewer once you know he imagines occasionally what you know he imagines occasionally what you know he imagines occasionally what his life might have been like had he his life might have been like had he his life might have been like had he gone into economics instead of rock and gone into economics instead of rock and gone into economics instead of rock and roll maybe it's a common thing to think roll maybe it's a common thing to think roll maybe it's a common thing to think about it maybe Alexander was thinking about it maybe Alexander was thinking about it maybe Alexander was thinking listen if it wasn't for this you know listen if it wasn't for this you know listen if it wasn't for this you know Global geopolitical conqueror sort of Global geopolitical conqueror sort of Global geopolitical conqueror sort of thing I've kind of been born into um you thing I've kind of been born into um you thing I've kind of been born into um you know maybe I would have been a cynical know maybe I would have been a cynical know maybe I would have been a cynical philosopher like diynes naked in the Sun philosopher like diynes naked in the Sun philosopher like diynes naked in the Sun not a care in the world you know little not a care in the world you know little not a care in the world you know little beatnick style peacan kind of beatnick style peacan kind of beatnick style peacan kind of alternative alternative alternative um no responsibilities sort of way of um no responsibilities sort of way of um no responsibilities sort of way of looking at the world but that's not to looking at the world but that's not to looking at the world but that's not to be for Alexander he had a lot of things be for Alexander he had a lot of things be for Alexander he had a lot of things to do and the next thing on the list is to do and the next thing on the list is to do and the next thing on the list is to take his army back up to macadonia to take his army back up to macadonia to take his army back up to macadonia and prepare to go north this is going to and prepare to go north this is going to and prepare to go north this is going to be triage task number three right triage be triage task number three right triage be triage task number three right triage task number one is settle things at home task number one is settle things at home task number one is settle things at home triage task number two is you know triage task number two is you know triage task number two is you know reestablish this league of the Greeks reestablish this league of the Greeks reestablish this league of the Greeks that your father put together for this that your father put together for this that your father put together for this invasion of Persia triage list element

invasion of Persia triage list element invasion of Persia triage list element number three is cow the various tribes number three is cow the various tribes number three is cow the various tribes to the north and Northwest of Macedonia to the north and Northwest of Macedonia to the north and Northwest of Macedonia so they don't get up while you take the so they don't get up while you take the so they don't get up while you take the Army far away from Army far away from Army far away from home and while it may not seem like a home and while it may not seem like a home and while it may not seem like a big deal right Alexander taking this big deal right Alexander taking this big deal right Alexander taking this greatest army in the world probably up greatest army in the world probably up greatest army in the world probably up north to deal with a bunch of tribal north to deal with a bunch of tribal north to deal with a bunch of tribal peoples we should know that this is peoples we should know that this is peoples we should know that this is probably the first time Alexander is probably the first time Alexander is probably the first time Alexander is going to have ever commanded the Army as going to have ever commanded the Army as going to have ever commanded the Army as the king in combat so for a guy who's the king in combat so for a guy who's the king in combat so for a guy who's going to make his historical bones being going to make his historical bones being going to make his historical bones being known as a person who belongs on a top known as a person who belongs on a top known as a person who belongs on a top 10 list and a lot of people have him at 10 list and a lot of people have him at 10 list and a lot of people have him at number one of greatest military number one of greatest military number one of greatest military commanders of all time noting the first commanders of all time noting the first commanders of all time noting the first time he does that as the king might be time he does that as the king might be time he does that as the king might be apropo so we're doing apropo so we're doing apropo so we're doing it of course he's supposed to have it of course he's supposed to have it of course he's supposed to have commanded the Army when his dad was gone commanded the Army when his dad was gone commanded the Army when his dad was gone and he was the Regent uh he was also for and he was the Regent uh he was also for and he was the Regent uh he was also for sure commanding a wing at karenia under sure commanding a wing at karenia under sure commanding a wing at karenia under his dad in earlier battles but this is his dad in earlier battles but this is his dad in earlier battles but this is the first time he's acting the first time he's acting the first time he's acting as the guy who's going to be the as the guy who's going to be the as the guy who's going to be the Conqueror this is conqueror you battle Conqueror this is conqueror you battle Conqueror this is conqueror you battle number one I guess you could say and number one I guess you could say and number one I guess you could say and this is where some histories kick in this is where some histories kick in this is where some histories kick in because it seems like a likely place to because it seems like a likely place to because it seems like a likely place to start the story if your main focus of start the story if your main focus of start the story if your main focus of the story is the military stuff and that the story is the military stuff and that the story is the military stuff and that brings me to a source that we're going brings me to a source that we're going brings me to a source that we're going to be able to use now that's really to be able to use now that's really to be able to use now that's really going to flesh out what we've had up going to flesh out what we've had up going to flesh out what we've had up until this time from this point on we until this time from this point on we until this time from this point on we get Aryan the Roman era writer another get Aryan the Roman era writer another get Aryan the Roman era writer another Greek like Plutarch writing in the Roman Greek like Plutarch writing in the Roman Greek like Plutarch writing in the Roman Empire

Aryan is amongst a very small group of Aryan is amongst a very small group of ancient historians that have come down ancient historians that have come down ancient historians that have come down to you know we in the modern to you know we in the modern to you know we in the modern world that deals with Alexander's life world that deals with Alexander's life world that deals with Alexander's life and times and because of that as we said and times and because of that as we said and times and because of that as we said in part one of this in part one of this in part one of this discussion uh the Rarity of the info out discussion uh the Rarity of the info out discussion uh the Rarity of the info out there means that what you have left is there means that what you have left is there means that what you have left is sort of exalted in importance and Aryan sort of exalted in importance and Aryan sort of exalted in importance and Aryan is a perfect example of that is a perfect example of that is a perfect example of that his outsize influence probably has a lot his outsize influence probably has a lot his outsize influence probably has a lot to do with the fact that we sort of have to do with the fact that we sort of have to do with the fact that we sort of have always had and and a lot of people always had and and a lot of people always had and and a lot of people before us too a sort of slightly before us too a sort of slightly before us too a sort of slightly positive default position on how we feel positive default position on how we feel positive default position on how we feel about Alexander Aryan is not the sort of about Alexander Aryan is not the sort of about Alexander Aryan is not the sort of source that the people from the source that the people from the source that the people from the Alexander was a butcher school of ref Alexander was a butcher school of ref Alexander was a butcher school of ref fandom like very much cuz well he's very fandom like very much cuz well he's very fandom like very much cuz well he's very upfront about who he uses as his sources upfront about who he uses as his sources upfront about who he uses as his sources and they're not the kind of people that and they're not the kind of people that and they're not the kind of people that are going to give you all the bad stuff are going to give you all the bad stuff are going to give you all the bad stuff they just they just they just aren't I do love the little things that aren't I do love the little things that aren't I do love the little things that we can sort of maybe glean and full we can sort of maybe glean and full we can sort of maybe glean and full disclosure I'm not qualified to glean disclosure I'm not qualified to glean disclosure I'm not qualified to glean some of this stuff but I sure read a some of this stuff but I sure read a some of this stuff but I sure read a bunch of people who are and I was bunch of people who are and I was bunch of people who are and I was reading some of the introductions to reading some of the introductions to reading some of the introductions to some of my arens and other books and some of my arens and other books and some of my arens and other books and they're diagramming a bunch of this sort they're diagramming a bunch of this sort they're diagramming a bunch of this sort of material for of material for of material for me but aryion feels the need at the me but aryion feels the need at the me but aryion feels the need at the beginning of his history to justify beginning of his history to justify beginning of his history to justify writing it because the market is already writing it because the market is already writing it because the market is already saturated apparently with Alexander saturated apparently with Alexander saturated apparently with Alexander stuff which tells you some things first stuff which tells you some things first stuff which tells you some things first of all it tells you that there's still a of all it tells you that there's still a of all it tells you that there's still a huge demand For It 400 years later huge demand For It 400 years later huge demand For It 400 years later Alexander's a star this is where the era

Alexander's a star this is where the era Alexander's a star this is where the era where he gets the you know the title The where he gets the you know the title The where he gets the you know the title The Great the Greeks didn't think of him as Great the Greeks didn't think of him as Great the Greeks didn't think of him as great necessarily but the Romans they great necessarily but the Romans they great necessarily but the Romans they like that stuff man conquering an empire like that stuff man conquering an empire like that stuff man conquering an empire building and it plays well and the building and it plays well and the building and it plays well and the emperor always loves that stuff a lot of emperor always loves that stuff a lot of emperor always loves that stuff a lot of Emperors liked Alexander and it's easy Emperors liked Alexander and it's easy Emperors liked Alexander and it's easy to see to see to see why but that's partly what makes Arion why but that's partly what makes Arion why but that's partly what makes Arion so useful to us is he's focused on the so useful to us is he's focused on the so useful to us is he's focused on the military stuff which the sources we been military stuff which the sources we been military stuff which the sources we been using up till now really using up till now really using up till now really aren't so he gives us a different side aren't so he gives us a different side aren't so he gives us a different side of things we get a chance to see why in of things we get a chance to see why in of things we get a chance to see why in a military sense Alexander is supposed a military sense Alexander is supposed a military sense Alexander is supposed to be so good give us some specifics to be so good give us some specifics to be so good give us some specifics aryion does he is a good person to be aryion does he is a good person to be aryion does he is a good person to be doing this for us because he has a doing this for us because he has a doing this for us because he has a military background himself commanded military background himself commanded military background himself commanded troops in battle he's a man of sun troops in battle he's a man of sun troops in battle he's a man of sun distinction during his era and let's be distinction during his era and let's be distinction during his era and let's be honest the way technology in the ancient honest the way technology in the ancient honest the way technology in the ancient world in military Affairs worked a world in military Affairs worked a world in military Affairs worked a commander like Aryan in the Roman commander like Aryan in the Roman commander like Aryan in the Roman Imperial period would be subjected to Imperial period would be subjected to Imperial period would be subjected to most of the same physics of the ancient most of the same physics of the ancient most of the same physics of the ancient Battlefield limitations and constraints Battlefield limitations and constraints Battlefield limitations and constraints that a guy like Alexander would have that a guy like Alexander would have that a guy like Alexander would have been in other words they would have been in other words they would have been in other words they would have understood each other's Warfare pretty understood each other's Warfare pretty understood each other's Warfare pretty well and we don't have the sources that well and we don't have the sources that well and we don't have the sources that aryion 400 years later was able to get aryion 400 years later was able to get aryion 400 years later was able to get his Hands-On to get his information from his Hands-On to get his information from his Hands-On to get his information from but he sort of acts as a sort of a but he sort of acts as a sort of a but he sort of acts as a sort of a spiritual Channeler bringing back spiritual Channeler bringing back spiritual Channeler bringing back from a time period that we've lost from a time period that we've lost from a time period that we've lost access access access to Arion says the two people he used for to Arion says the two people he used for to Arion says the two people he used for most of his information was a guy named

most of his information was a guy named most of his information was a guy named aristobulus son of aristobulus I think aristobulus son of aristobulus I think aristobulus son of aristobulus I think today we would just call him aristobulus today we would just call him aristobulus today we would just call him aristobulus JR and another guy named tmy son of JR and another guy named tmy son of JR and another guy named tmy son of logos both of these men wrote histories logos both of these men wrote histories logos both of these men wrote histories of Alexander and both of them seem to of Alexander and both of them seem to of Alexander and both of them seem to have done so I was reading later in life have done so I was reading later in life have done so I was reading later in life so quite a bit of time time after the so quite a bit of time time after the so quite a bit of time time after the events cuz they both uh Liv to be pretty events cuz they both uh Liv to be pretty events cuz they both uh Liv to be pretty old I guess tmy for sure they're wildly old I guess tmy for sure they're wildly old I guess tmy for sure they're wildly different sources though in terms of different sources though in terms of different sources though in terms of quality uh aristobulus I had to look a quality uh aristobulus I had to look a quality uh aristobulus I had to look a bunch of stuff up because he's a harder bunch of stuff up because he's a harder bunch of stuff up because he's a harder guy to figure out how close he was to guy to figure out how close he was to guy to figure out how close he was to Alexander I've read everything from the Alexander I've read everything from the Alexander I've read everything from the idea that he was a botanist which seems idea that he was a botanist which seems idea that he was a botanist which seems pretty likely to an interior designer to pretty likely to an interior designer to pretty likely to an interior designer to an architect to a military engineer all an architect to a military engineer all an architect to a military engineer all kinds of things certainly uh Alexander kinds of things certainly uh Alexander kinds of things certainly uh Alexander gave him orders and said go refurbish gave him orders and said go refurbish gave him orders and said go refurbish the tomb of Cyrus the Great stuff like the tomb of Cyrus the Great stuff like the tomb of Cyrus the Great stuff like that but again how well he knew that but again how well he knew that but again how well he knew Alexander tough to Alexander tough to Alexander tough to know in one of my translations of AR and know in one of my translations of AR and know in one of my translations of AR and the historian uh writing about the historian uh writing about the historian uh writing about aristobulus said he's known to be uh a aristobulus said he's known to be uh a aristobulus said he's known to be uh a part of a group of people around part of a group of people around part of a group of people around Alexander called the Alexander called the Alexander called the flatterers and another thing that I read flatterers and another thing that I read flatterers and another thing that I read about him compared him to sort of like a about him compared him to sort of like a about him compared him to sort of like a cordier like a like a person around the cordier like a like a person around the cordier like a like a person around the king or the queen um and you know you king or the queen um and you know you king or the queen um and you know you think about like someone around Princess think about like someone around Princess think about like someone around Princess Diana who was her tailor or something Diana who was her tailor or something Diana who was her tailor or something and and those people go one of two ways and and those people go one of two ways and and those people go one of two ways after the sovereign's dead either they after the sovereign's dead either they after the sovereign's dead either they chase the you know gossipy uh National

chase the you know gossipy uh National chase the you know gossipy uh National inquire bookm market and spill all the inquire bookm market and spill all the inquire bookm market and spill all the beans or they become this figure that's beans or they become this figure that's beans or they become this figure that's revered by people for sort of Keeping revered by people for sort of Keeping revered by people for sort of Keeping the Faith and and not turning on their the Faith and and not turning on their the Faith and and not turning on their former uh you know master and that sort former uh you know master and that sort former uh you know master and that sort of thing and it seems like aristobulus of thing and it seems like aristobulus of thing and it seems like aristobulus is in that camp and historians who point is in that camp and historians who point is in that camp and historians who point out that he's a reliably positive Source out that he's a reliably positive Source out that he's a reliably positive Source even when compared with other accounts even when compared with other accounts even when compared with other accounts of certain events and he always gives of certain events and he always gives of certain events and he always gives the most positive spin there was a the most positive spin there was a the most positive spin there was a specific account of him downplaying specific account of him downplaying specific account of him downplaying Alexander's alcohol use at one point Alexander's alcohol use at one point Alexander's alcohol use at one point that all they could think of was someone that all they could think of was someone that all they could think of was someone who had the job of being like the you who had the job of being like the you who had the job of being like the you know sort of the media representative or know sort of the media representative or know sort of the media representative or the publicity agent for the king and you the publicity agent for the king and you the publicity agent for the king and you he's found dead drunk in an alley by the he's found dead drunk in an alley by the he's found dead drunk in an alley by the ancient version of the local media and ancient version of the local media and ancient version of the local media and he has to basically say what do you mean he has to basically say what do you mean he has to basically say what do you mean drunk I mean it's jet lag he's tired drunk I mean it's jet lag he's tired drunk I mean it's jet lag he's tired that kind of thing so aristobulus is that kind of thing so aristobulus is that kind of thing so aristobulus is going to be a reliably positive source going to be a reliably positive source going to be a reliably positive source tmy is a much more complicated figure tmy is a much more complicated figure tmy is a much more complicated figure although you you're going to get a good although you you're going to get a good although you you're going to get a good portrayal of Alexander from him as well portrayal of Alexander from him as well portrayal of Alexander from him as well he's one of a bunch of people that sort he's one of a bunch of people that sort he's one of a bunch of people that sort of bask in the reflected Glory of of bask in the reflected Glory of of bask in the reflected Glory of Alexander and who made up eventually a Alexander and who made up eventually a Alexander and who made up eventually a very large Entourage of people around very large Entourage of people around very large Entourage of people around you know The King and I feel like I'm you know The King and I feel like I'm you know The King and I feel like I'm talking about Elvis when I say that but talking about Elvis when I say that but talking about Elvis when I say that but it is interesting that you know powerful it is interesting that you know powerful it is interesting that you know powerful charismatic uh people whether charismatic uh people whether charismatic uh people whether geopolitical or entertainment or what geopolitical or entertainment or what geopolitical or entertainment or what have you tend to create these entourages have you tend to create these entourages have you tend to create these entourages around around around them but tmy would be an original member them but tmy would be an original member them but tmy would be an original member like an OG member of the alexandrian like an OG member of the alexandrian like an OG member of the alexandrian Entourage because he was around when

Entourage because he was around when Entourage because he was around when Alexander was in school being tutored by Alexander was in school being tutored by Alexander was in school being tutored by Aristotle right it was a small classroom Aristotle right it was a small classroom Aristotle right it was a small classroom of people and tmy was one of them tmy of people and tmy was one of them tmy of people and tmy was one of them tmy may have started the rumor that he and may have started the rumor that he and may have started the rumor that he and Alexander were illegitimately related so Alexander were illegitimately related so Alexander were illegitimately related so you don't know how early they knew each you don't know how early they knew each you don't know how early they knew each other but Middle School at least other but Middle School at least other but Middle School at least basically we would say interestingly basically we would say interestingly basically we would say interestingly enough another one of Aryan sources for enough another one of Aryan sources for enough another one of Aryan sources for later in the alexandrian story another later in the alexandrian story another later in the alexandrian story another guy who was in that small classroom of guy who was in that small classroom of guy who was in that small classroom of Aristotle so as we had said in part one Aristotle so as we had said in part one Aristotle so as we had said in part one a rather distinguished class of a rather distinguished class of a rather distinguished class of people Tommy's career like a lot of the people Tommy's career like a lot of the people Tommy's career like a lot of the Entourage sort of parallels Alexander Entourage sort of parallels Alexander Entourage sort of parallels Alexander And as Alexander gets bigger Tommy does And as Alexander gets bigger Tommy does And as Alexander gets bigger Tommy does he becomes his bodyguard at one point he becomes his bodyguard at one point he becomes his bodyguard at one point he'll become his General and then sort he'll become his General and then sort he'll become his General and then sort of like one of his great Marshals after of like one of his great Marshals after of like one of his great Marshals after a while and the marshals the military a while and the marshals the military a while and the marshals the military sort of super generals of Alexander the sort of super generals of Alexander the sort of super generals of Alexander the Great I would compare to any great group Great I would compare to any great group Great I would compare to any great group of Marshals anywhere in history of Marshals anywhere in history of Marshals anywhere in history obviously Napoleon is the gold standard obviously Napoleon is the gold standard obviously Napoleon is the gold standard uh but I put Alexander up against that uh but I put Alexander up against that uh but I put Alexander up against that and all of the major Marshals tmy and all of the major Marshals tmy and all of the major Marshals tmy included ripped up the Empire after included ripped up the Empire after included ripped up the Empire after Alexander's demise and Alexander's demise and Alexander's demise and tmy maybe this is a sign of something he tmy maybe this is a sign of something he tmy maybe this is a sign of something he took probably the best part he took took probably the best part he took took probably the best part he took Egypt made himself King eventually made Egypt made himself King eventually made Egypt made himself King eventually made himself f himself f himself f phoh started a phoh started a phoh started a multi-generational dynasty of rulers in multi-generational dynasty of rulers in multi-generational dynasty of rulers in that place that didn't end until one of that place that didn't end until one of that place that didn't end until one of his descendants Cleopatra yes the his descendants Cleopatra yes the his descendants Cleopatra yes the Hollywood Cleopatra who had the affair Hollywood Cleopatra who had the affair Hollywood Cleopatra who had the affair with Julius Caesar who was you know Mark

with Julius Caesar who was you know Mark with Julius Caesar who was you know Mark Antony's girlfriend that that one that's Antony's girlfriend that that one that's Antony's girlfriend that that one that's how long it lasted and near the end uh how long it lasted and near the end uh how long it lasted and near the end uh of tm's long life he either wrote his of tm's long life he either wrote his of tm's long life he either wrote his own version of something that passes for own version of something that passes for own version of something that passes for a memoir or dictated it to somebody or a memoir or dictated it to somebody or a memoir or dictated it to somebody or somebody else got it out of him because somebody else got it out of him because somebody else got it out of him because it's a primary source that you run into it's a primary source that you run into it's a primary source that you run into uh in the history not just with Aryan uh in the history not just with Aryan uh in the history not just with Aryan but in my copy of strabo the geographer but in my copy of strabo the geographer but in my copy of strabo the geographer uh he he references it too so clearly an uh he he references it too so clearly an uh he he references it too so clearly an important source and who wouldn't want important source and who wouldn't want important source and who wouldn't want it right I mean of all the peoples who it right I mean of all the peoples who it right I mean of all the peoples who whose Memoirs you could get your hands whose Memoirs you could get your hands whose Memoirs you could get your hands on uh wouldn't tmy be right there at the on uh wouldn't tmy be right there at the on uh wouldn't tmy be right there at the top I mean obviously Alexander trumps top I mean obviously Alexander trumps top I mean obviously Alexander trumps that you'd like to have his you'd like that you'd like to have his you'd like that you'd like to have his you'd like to have his dads or his moms or uh maybe to have his dads or his moms or uh maybe to have his dads or his moms or uh maybe some of the generals and other leaders some of the generals and other leaders some of the generals and other leaders he fought but otherwise you know TM is he fought but otherwise you know TM is he fought but otherwise you know TM is right there at the top of the list right there at the top of the list right there at the top of the list for any number of reasons one he's an for any number of reasons one he's an for any number of reasons one he's an eyewitness to a ton of this stuff so all eyewitness to a ton of this stuff so all eyewitness to a ton of this stuff so all of a sudden you have an eyewitness of a sudden you have an eyewitness of a sudden you have an eyewitness account even if it's through an account even if it's through an account even if it's through an intermediary like Aryan you know when intermediary like Aryan you know when intermediary like Aryan you know when people sometimes ask me how do we know people sometimes ask me how do we know people sometimes ask me how do we know anything about history especially how do anything about history especially how do anything about history especially how do we know anything about ancient history we know anything about ancient history we know anything about ancient history these are the little breadcrumbs of these are the little breadcrumbs of these are the little breadcrumbs of knowledge that go back to an original knowledge that go back to an original knowledge that go back to an original source of someone who was there once source of someone who was there once source of someone who was there once upon a time a long time ago upon a time a long time ago upon a time a long time ago right now it's not perfect historians right now it's not perfect historians right now it's not perfect historians think tmy emphasized and exalted and think tmy emphasized and exalted and think tmy emphasized and exalted and exaggerated own contributions and exaggerated own contributions and exaggerated own contributions and denigrated the contributions of other denigrated the contributions of other denigrated the contributions of other generals that he sort of competed with generals that he sort of competed with generals that he sort of competed with and certainly he's got his own political and certainly he's got his own political and certainly he's got his own political reasons during his lifetime for writing reasons during his lifetime for writing reasons during his lifetime for writing this this this stuff but tmy also knew Alexander and stuff but tmy also knew Alexander and stuff but tmy also knew Alexander and knew him very very well so this all

knew him very very well so this all knew him very very well so this all helps also it's a double-edged sword helps also it's a double-edged sword helps also it's a double-edged sword because he knows Alexander because he because he knows Alexander because he because he knows Alexander because he basks in his reflected Glory all that basks in his reflected Glory all that basks in his reflected Glory all that stuff he's not likely to give you the stuff he's not likely to give you the stuff he's not likely to give you the the dirt the bad stuff but the good the dirt the bad stuff but the good the dirt the bad stuff but the good stuff he gives you makes a huge stuff he gives you makes a huge stuff he gives you makes a huge difference right away right in this difference right away right in this difference right away right in this thran campaign that Alex Ander starts thran campaign that Alex Ander starts thran campaign that Alex Ander starts you can see it because whereas Plutarch you can see it because whereas Plutarch you can see it because whereas Plutarch one of the sources we've been using one of the sources we've been using one of the sources we've been using devotes a couple of sentences to this devotes a couple of sentences to this devotes a couple of sentences to this whole campaign and deodor culus another whole campaign and deodor culus another whole campaign and deodor culus another source we've been using gives you just a source we've been using gives you just a source we've been using gives you just a couple more sentences than Plutarch couple more sentences than Plutarch couple more sentences than Plutarch Aryan dives into this for pages I mean a quick comparison to pages I mean a quick comparison to someone like Plutarch shows you why someone like Plutarch shows you why someone like Plutarch shows you why Aryan is so important from The Dryden Aryan is so important from The Dryden Aryan is so important from The Dryden translation and I love Plutarch you know translation and I love Plutarch you know translation and I love Plutarch you know that but what he says about this um that but what he says about this um that but what he says about this um Expedition shall we call it this Expedition shall we call it this Expedition shall we call it this murderous expedition to the north murderous expedition to the north murderous expedition to the north Alexander is going to be involved in Alexander is going to be involved in Alexander is going to be involved in Plutarch says this quote he reduced The Plutarch says this quote he reduced The Plutarch says this quote he reduced The Barbarians to tranquility and put an end Barbarians to tranquility and put an end Barbarians to tranquility and put an end to all fear of war from them by a rapid to all fear of war from them by a rapid to all fear of war from them by a rapid Expedition into their territory as far Expedition into their territory as far Expedition into their territory as far as the river danu where he gave cus King as the river danu where he gave cus King as the river danu where he gave cus King of the talans an entire overthrow end of the talans an entire overthrow end of the talans an entire overthrow end quote you might not know how much that quote you might not know how much that quote you might not know how much that leaves unset leaves unset leaves unset unless you had aryion to compare him to unless you had aryion to compare him to unless you had aryion to compare him to where we're going to get a rip roaring where we're going to get a rip roaring where we're going to get a rip roaring account that involves battles and account that involves battles and account that involves battles and adrenaline and let's remember aryan's adrenaline and let's remember aryan's adrenaline and let's remember aryan's trying to tell a good story here uh he trying to tell a good story here uh he trying to tell a good story here uh he is a great literary figure in his own is a great literary figure in his own is a great literary figure in his own right you could spend a lifetime as a right you could spend a lifetime as a right you could spend a lifetime as a classicist uh disassembling everything

classicist uh disassembling everything classicist uh disassembling everything involved in the guy way above my pay involved in the guy way above my pay involved in the guy way above my pay grade but how he's trying to imitate his grade but how he's trying to imitate his grade but how he's trying to imitate his hero zenfon how he's writing in a hero zenfon how he's writing in a hero zenfon how he's writing in a certain archa style how his stoicism certain archa style how his stoicism certain archa style how his stoicism gets involved in the whole thing as I gets involved in the whole thing as I gets involved in the whole thing as I said way above my pay grade but you said way above my pay grade but you said way above my pay grade but you don't have to be an expert to appreciate don't have to be an expert to appreciate don't have to be an expert to appreciate his writing he didn't expect you to and his writing he didn't expect you to and his writing he didn't expect you to and um he's already working with a story um he's already working with a story um he's already working with a story that's hard to screw up in terms of its that's hard to screw up in terms of its that's hard to screw up in terms of its entertainment value he's trying to entertainment value he's trying to entertainment value he's trying to compete with other offerings during his compete with other offerings during his compete with other offerings during his time period that are trying to tell a time period that are trying to tell a time period that are trying to tell a rip roaring yarn so when you get into rip roaring yarn so when you get into rip roaring yarn so when you get into Aryan you start to feel the story a Aryan you start to feel the story a Aryan you start to feel the story a little little little bit it doesn't sound like a bit it doesn't sound like a bit it doesn't sound like a chronological entry it sounds like a chronological entry it sounds like a chronological entry it sounds like a movie and one of the real useful movie and one of the real useful movie and one of the real useful elements we non-experts with Aryan is elements we non-experts with Aryan is elements we non-experts with Aryan is you can follow along now in Alexander's you can follow along now in Alexander's you can follow along now in Alexander's life like a DOT to dot timeline that life like a DOT to dot timeline that life like a DOT to dot timeline that takes you from place to place you can takes you from place to place you can takes you from place to place you can sort of figure out where he is from now sort of figure out where he is from now sort of figure out where he is from now on at any given time now he'll go to on at any given time now he'll go to on at any given time now he'll go to far-flung places sometimes and all of a far-flung places sometimes and all of a far-flung places sometimes and all of a sudden his cell service won't be working sudden his cell service won't be working sudden his cell service won't be working anymore and you can't track him for a anymore and you can't track him for a anymore and you can't track him for a little bit but then he'll come back into little bit but then he'll come back into little bit but then he'll come back into it and so from about this point in the it and so from about this point in the it and so from about this point in the story you kind of have a pretty good story you kind of have a pretty good story you kind of have a pretty good idea where Alexander is idea where Alexander is idea where Alexander is in the spring of 335 BC BCE Alexander's in the spring of 335 BC BCE Alexander's in the spring of 335 BC BCE Alexander's in the strategically vital northern city in the strategically vital northern city in the strategically vital northern city of amphipolis preparing to launch a of amphipolis preparing to launch a of amphipolis preparing to launch a strike strike strike northward he's got several different northward he's got several different northward he's got several different targets it looks like including the targets it looks like including the targets it looks like including the people that put a spear through his people that put a spear through his people that put a spear through his father's leg and left him limping for

father's leg and left him limping for father's leg and left him limping for the rest of his life the the rest of his life the the rest of his life the talans but this is thran country and we talans but this is thran country and we talans but this is thran country and we have to sort of reorient our minds to have to sort of reorient our minds to have to sort of reorient our minds to what the ancient peoples like alexand what the ancient peoples like alexand what the ancient peoples like alexand Anders macedonians would have known Anders macedonians would have known Anders macedonians would have known about the territory around them I mean about the territory around them I mean about the territory around them I mean we're all familiar with the old uh we're all familiar with the old uh we're all familiar with the old uh historical idea of there being Maps sort historical idea of there being Maps sort historical idea of there being Maps sort of in the age of Discovery where you of in the age of Discovery where you of in the age of Discovery where you didn't know what laid Beyond a certain didn't know what laid Beyond a certain didn't know what laid Beyond a certain point you put dragons and monsters in point you put dragons and monsters in point you put dragons and monsters in the edge to represent the unknown well the edge to represent the unknown well the edge to represent the unknown well think about how less known things were think about how less known things were think about how less known things were in the 330s bcee in the 330s bcee in the 330s bcee right Herodotus who wrote his famous right Herodotus who wrote his famous right Herodotus who wrote his famous histories they're not exactly sure when histories they're not exactly sure when histories they're not exactly sure when but it's about 130 let's say 130 years but it's about 130 let's say 130 years but it's about 130 let's say 130 years before Alexander's time period before Alexander's time period before Alexander's time period Herodotus who went everywhere and who Herodotus who went everywhere and who Herodotus who went everywhere and who talked to everyone about what lay Beyond talked to everyone about what lay Beyond talked to everyone about what lay Beyond the Horizon when he couldn't get there the Horizon when he couldn't get there the Horizon when he couldn't get there he doesn't know what lays beyond the he doesn't know what lays beyond the he doesn't know what lays beyond the danu and the danu is sort of Alexander's danu and the danu is sort of Alexander's danu and the danu is sort of Alexander's goal here a lot of historians think he goal here a lot of historians think he goal here a lot of historians think he was trying to conquer to the danu which was trying to conquer to the danu which was trying to conquer to the danu which is about 100 or so miles it sounds like is about 100 or so miles it sounds like is about 100 or so miles it sounds like from Beyond his his current they're not from Beyond his his current they're not from Beyond his his current they're not really borders but let's call it area of really borders but let's call it area of really borders but let's call it area of influence or domination influence or domination influence or domination even but in Herodotus his time he does even but in Herodotus his time he does even but in Herodotus his time he does know what lays beyond the danu and he he know what lays beyond the danu and he he know what lays beyond the danu and he he wonders if there's any people there at wonders if there's any people there at wonders if there's any people there at all he thinks it may be depopulated he all he thinks it may be depopulated he all he thinks it may be depopulated he only knows of one tribe there and he only knows of one tribe there and he only knows of one tribe there and he mentions them and then he talks about mentions them and then he talks about mentions them and then he talks about their customs and they sound like a step their customs and they sound like a step their customs and they sound like a step dbe a Central Asian you know horse dbe a Central Asian you know horse dbe a Central Asian you know horse Archer people which that area actually Archer people which that area actually Archer people which that area actually had anyway so chalk another one up to had anyway so chalk another one up to had anyway so chalk another one up to Herodotus probably being right about

Herodotus probably being right about Herodotus probably being right about something he did talk to thians and ask something he did talk to thians and ask something he did talk to thians and ask them what lay beyond the Danube and he them what lay beyond the Danube and he them what lay beyond the Danube and he says they told him you can't live there says they told him you can't live there says they told him you can't live there cuz it's absolutely infested with cuz it's absolutely infested with cuz it's absolutely infested with dangerous bees which Herodotus did not dangerous bees which Herodotus did not dangerous bees which Herodotus did not believe leave he said but when you think believe leave he said but when you think believe leave he said but when you think about the fact that it was infested with about the fact that it was infested with about the fact that it was infested with horse Archer peoples and tons of swarms horse Archer peoples and tons of swarms horse Archer peoples and tons of swarms of these horse archers maybe the th was of these horse archers maybe the th was of these horse archers maybe the th was speaking in sort of metaphorical terms speaking in sort of metaphorical terms speaking in sort of metaphorical terms right swarms of dangerous human beings right swarms of dangerous human beings right swarms of dangerous human beings on Horseback with endless arrows right on Horseback with endless arrows right on Horseback with endless arrows right Herodotus doesn't believe the bee story Herodotus doesn't believe the bee story Herodotus doesn't believe the bee story because he thinks they'd freeze and he because he thinks they'd freeze and he because he thinks they'd freeze and he thinks Frost and cold is probably the thinks Frost and cold is probably the thinks Frost and cold is probably the reason that past the danu there are no reason that past the danu there are no reason that past the danu there are no more human habitations as he says more human habitations as he says more human habitations as he says Herodotus does know a bit about the Herodotus does know a bit about the Herodotus does know a bit about the thians though and in my Andrea El pervis thians though and in my Andrea El pervis thians though and in my Andrea El pervis translation of Herodotus histories this translation of Herodotus histories this translation of Herodotus histories this is what he says quote the Thracians are is what he says quote the Thracians are is what he says quote the Thracians are the largest nation in all the world at the largest nation in all the world at the largest nation in all the world at least after the Indians if they could least after the Indians if they could least after the Indians if they could all be United under one ruler and think all be United under one ruler and think all be United under one ruler and think the same way they would in my opinion be the same way they would in my opinion be the same way they would in my opinion be the most invincible and strongest of all the most invincible and strongest of all the most invincible and strongest of all Nations but that is impossible it will Nations but that is impossible it will Nations but that is impossible it will never happen since they weakness is that never happen since they weakness is that never happen since they weakness is that they're incapable of uniting and they're incapable of uniting and they're incapable of uniting and agreeing end quote the way I've heard it agreeing end quote the way I've heard it agreeing end quote the way I've heard it sometimes phrased is that the thians sometimes phrased is that the thians sometimes phrased is that the thians would have conquered the world but they would have conquered the world but they would have conquered the world but they enjoyed fighting each other too enjoyed fighting each other too enjoyed fighting each other too much the books that you can find on the much the books that you can find on the much the books that you can find on the Thracians have compiled all sorts of Thracians have compiled all sorts of Thracians have compiled all sorts of adjectives and things from the ancient

adjectives and things from the ancient adjectives and things from the ancient sources that describe them and of course sources that describe them and of course sources that describe them and of course they get the typical bigotry and they get the typical bigotry and they get the typical bigotry and Prejudice that all so-called barbarians Prejudice that all so-called barbarians Prejudice that all so-called barbarians get from the you know sophisticated get from the you know sophisticated get from the you know sophisticated sniffy writers into the places like sniffy writers into the places like sniffy writers into the places like Athens and whatnot but let's be honest Athens and whatnot but let's be honest Athens and whatnot but let's be honest if you actually are head hunting um if you actually are head hunting um if you actually are head hunting um they're going to make some noise about they're going to make some noise about they're going to make some noise about how that's not a very civilized Behavior how that's not a very civilized Behavior how that's not a very civilized Behavior although they do it themselves when they although they do it themselves when they although they do it themselves when they want to the thians are supposed to have want to the thians are supposed to have want to the thians are supposed to have red hair and green eyes but that's from red hair and green eyes but that's from red hair and green eyes but that's from a very limited number of sources so take a very limited number of sources so take a very limited number of sources so take that with a grain of salt they are that with a grain of salt they are that with a grain of salt they are supposed to be high-spirited drunken not supposed to be high-spirited drunken not supposed to be high-spirited drunken not too smart Head Hunters too smart Head Hunters too smart Head Hunters tattooed most dangerous I think it was tattooed most dangerous I think it was tattooed most dangerous I think it was through kitties said most dangerous he through kitties said most dangerous he through kitties said most dangerous he said like all barbarians uh when things said like all barbarians uh when things said like all barbarians uh when things are going their way on the battlefield are going their way on the battlefield are going their way on the battlefield they are famous Warriors that were used they are famous Warriors that were used they are famous Warriors that were used and in high demand as mercenaries for centuries I think it was zenfon that centuries I think it was zenfon that said they were best used for executions said they were best used for executions said they were best used for executions and massacres and things like that and and massacres and things like that and and massacres and things like that and actually during the pelian war did actually during the pelian war did actually during the pelian war did Massacre a whole town no one knows how many thians there town no one knows how many thians there were but some people have estimated up were but some people have estimated up were but some people have estimated up to a million as a population and it's to a million as a population and it's to a million as a population and it's interesting to try to figure out what we interesting to try to figure out what we interesting to try to figure out what we even mean when we say thran because um I even mean when we say thran because um I even mean when we say thran because um I looked the other day and saw that looked the other day and saw that looked the other day and saw that currently uh there's thought to be some currently uh there's thought to be some currently uh there's thought to be some 200 or so thracian tribes I have a book 200 or so thracian tribes I have a book 200 or so thracian tribes I have a book from 25 years ago that thought there from 25 years ago that thought there from 25 years ago that thought there were only 40 back then so it shows you were only 40 back then so it shows you were only 40 back then so it shows you how many tribes are being classified as how many tribes are being classified as how many tribes are being classified as thran but what are these people you know

thran but what are these people you know thran but what are these people you know 150 years ago they would have called it 150 years ago they would have called it 150 years ago they would have called it a racial or an ethnic group maybe a racial or an ethnic group maybe a racial or an ethnic group maybe ethnocultural would be a more modern ethnocultural would be a more modern ethnocultural would be a more modern term cuz some of these people may be term cuz some of these people may be term cuz some of these people may be aren't related by DNA at all but are aren't related by DNA at all but are aren't related by DNA at all but are using the same sort of pottery or tools using the same sort of pottery or tools using the same sort of pottery or tools or fighting styles or or weaving styles or fighting styles or or weaving styles or fighting styles or or weaving styles the thians are one of the great big the thians are one of the great big the thians are one of the great big cultural groups uh north of Greece and cultural groups uh north of Greece and cultural groups uh north of Greece and by the way if you look at a modern map by the way if you look at a modern map by the way if you look at a modern map of Greece and you look at at every of Greece and you look at at every of Greece and you look at at every territory that touches it in the territory that touches it in the territory that touches it in the northern sort of circle um all those northern sort of circle um all those northern sort of circle um all those areas during this time period are areas during this time period are areas during this time period are occupied by hundreds and hundreds of occupied by hundreds and hundreds of occupied by hundreds and hundreds of tribes which makes it extremely tribes which makes it extremely tribes which makes it extremely difficult to for relationships with and difficult to for relationships with and difficult to for relationships with and and peaceful coexistence because it's and peaceful coexistence because it's and peaceful coexistence because it's like dealing with all these different like dealing with all these different like dealing with all these different governments I mean modern Alexander governments I mean modern Alexander governments I mean modern Alexander historian the great voldemar Heckle was historian the great voldemar Heckle was historian the great voldemar Heckle was talking about the yans which are in talking about the yans which are in talking about the yans which are in modern day Albania one of these people modern day Albania one of these people modern day Albania one of these people that Alexander is going to strike out that Alexander is going to strike out that Alexander is going to strike out against on this Balkan campaign and he against on this Balkan campaign and he against on this Balkan campaign and he says because they comprised strong says because they comprised strong says because they comprised strong tribal units I'm quoting here with tribal units I'm quoting here with tribal units I'm quoting here with individual rulers they were individual rulers they were individual rulers they were unpredictable by the very fact of their unpredictable by the very fact of their unpredictable by the very fact of their disunity end quote so as some historians disunity end quote so as some historians disunity end quote so as some historians would point out maybe you have to punch would point out maybe you have to punch would point out maybe you have to punch them in the mouth here to make sure that them in the mouth here to make sure that them in the mouth here to make sure that they respect you or as many modern day they respect you or as many modern day they respect you or as many modern day historians think Alexander's trying to historians think Alexander's trying to historians think Alexander's trying to expand his borders to clear logical expand his borders to clear logical expand his borders to clear logical endpoints and guess what the danu is endpoints and guess what the danu is endpoints and guess what the danu is such a clear logical endpoint that it's such a clear logical endpoint that it's such a clear logical endpoint that it's the border between Bulgaria and Romania the border between Bulgaria and Romania the border between Bulgaria and Romania now but that entire area is thran in now but that entire area is thran in now but that entire area is thran in this time period to the west and north

this time period to the west and north this time period to the west and north of the thians in this time period you of the thians in this time period you of the thians in this time period you have the great ethnocultural group that have the great ethnocultural group that have the great ethnocultural group that is the Kelts and they're moving down is the Kelts and they're moving down is the Kelts and they're moving down during this period next couple hundred during this period next couple hundred during this period next couple hundred years they're going to go even farther years they're going to go even farther years they're going to go even farther south and then to the west of them as we south and then to the west of them as we south and then to the west of them as we said in modern day Albania are all these said in modern day Albania are all these said in modern day Albania are all these tribes that would be classified as a tribes that would be classified as a tribes that would be classified as a Lian and then there are some tribes that Lian and then there are some tribes that Lian and then there are some tribes that are you know in the same way that are you know in the same way that are you know in the same way that gravitational pole can affect people gravitational pole can affect people gravitational pole can affect people that are actually a blend of the that are actually a blend of the that are actually a blend of the cultural influences and one of them is cultural influences and one of them is cultural influences and one of them is the one that Alexander is going to the one that Alexander is going to the one that Alexander is going to strike first he's going after the tabali strike first he's going after the tabali strike first he's going after the tabali the people who speared his father as we the people who speared his father as we the people who speared his father as we said but their cultural influence they said but their cultural influence they said but their cultural influence they don't really fit easily anywhere usually don't really fit easily anywhere usually don't really fit easily anywhere usually they'll be classified is thran but I was they'll be classified is thran but I was they'll be classified is thran but I was reading history that says you know you reading history that says you know you reading history that says you know you can actually see them as a blend of all can actually see them as a blend of all can actually see them as a blend of all the influences from the area Celtic the influences from the area Celtic the influences from the area Celtic thran yyan and thran yyan and thran yyan and skan but Alexandria moving northward skan but Alexandria moving northward skan but Alexandria moving northward here is moving into kind of if not here is moving into kind of if not here is moving into kind of if not Undiscovered Country Than little known Undiscovered Country Than little known Undiscovered Country Than little known country Traders I always try to remember country Traders I always try to remember country Traders I always try to remember go everywhere you know they get their go everywhere you know they get their go everywhere you know they get their their Nook and their crannies and they their Nook and their crannies and they their Nook and their crannies and they take stuff into the Undiscovered room take stuff into the Undiscovered room take stuff into the Undiscovered room they're the great Lewis and Clark types they're the great Lewis and Clark types they're the great Lewis and Clark types in the ancient world but it sounds like in the ancient world but it sounds like in the ancient world but it sounds like other than his dad's campaigns into other than his dad's campaigns into other than his dad's campaigns into these areas he's not going to know a lot these areas he's not going to know a lot these areas he's not going to know a lot of things and he's going to probably of things and he's going to probably of things and he's going to probably have thran guides from the friendly have thran guides from the friendly have thran guides from the friendly thians the way that you know Americans thians the way that you know Americans thians the way that you know Americans were using Native American guides to were using Native American guides to were using Native American guides to help guide them into places like deep help guide them into places like deep help guide them into places like deep Apache Apache Apache country and part of the reason you need country and part of the reason you need country and part of the reason you need guides like this is because when you're guides like this is because when you're guides like this is because when you're fighting the indigenous people in their fighting the indigenous people in their fighting the indigenous people in their territory who are close to the land

territory who are close to the land territory who are close to the land their style of fighting is often their style of fighting is often their style of fighting is often exquisitly adapted to the conditions now exquisitly adapted to the conditions now exquisitly adapted to the conditions now modern technology has somewhat modern technology has somewhat modern technology has somewhat diminished the advantage that this gives diminished the advantage that this gives diminished the advantage that this gives but the Apache were still benefiting but the Apache were still benefiting but the Apache were still benefiting from it you know in relatively recent from it you know in relatively recent from it you know in relatively recent history the thians have an entire troop history the thians have an entire troop history the thians have an entire troop type in the ancient world that is named type in the ancient world that is named type in the ancient world that is named after the way they fight and the way after the way they fight and the way after the way they fight and the way they fight is the way they fight because they fight is the way they fight because they fight is the way they fight because of the geography and the of the geography and the of the geography and the terrain Alexander is known for using terrain Alexander is known for using terrain Alexander is known for using fail lankes of really closely densely fail lankes of really closely densely fail lankes of really closely densely packed drilled troops right who fight in packed drilled troops right who fight in packed drilled troops right who fight in formation he's going up into country formation he's going up into country formation he's going up into country where there are streams and forests and where there are streams and forests and where there are streams and forests and mountains and broken mountains and broken mountains and broken country all kinds of terrain that makes country all kinds of terrain that makes country all kinds of terrain that makes it as one historian was pointing out it as one historian was pointing out it as one historian was pointing out this is some of the toughest fighting this is some of the toughest fighting this is some of the toughest fighting country in Europe if you're a partisan country in Europe if you're a partisan country in Europe if you're a partisan in the 20th century you know this is in the 20th century you know this is in the 20th century you know this is wonderful territory for you to fight in wonderful territory for you to fight in wonderful territory for you to fight in go look at the Balkan Mountains on go look at the Balkan Mountains on go look at the Balkan Mountains on Google Earth now it's bad enough looking Google Earth now it's bad enough looking Google Earth now it's bad enough looking now imagine what it looked like 2,000 now imagine what it looked like 2,000 now imagine what it looked like 2,000 years ago and you're going up to fight years ago and you're going up to fight years ago and you're going up to fight the people who fight in such an the people who fight in such an the people who fight in such an interesting effective style that every interesting effective style that every interesting effective style that every major power for a couple hundred years major power for a couple hundred years major power for a couple hundred years is going to have troops in their army is going to have troops in their army is going to have troops in their army called called called psts a PST is traditionally an psts a PST is traditionally an psts a PST is traditionally an intermediary infantry style between the intermediary infantry style between the intermediary infantry style between the two extremes right one extreme being two extremes right one extreme being two extremes right one extreme being like Alexander's troops who fight like Alexander's troops who fight like Alexander's troops who fight shoulder-to-shoulder drilled inform

shoulder-to-shoulder drilled inform shoulder-to-shoulder drilled inform formation and are kind of useless by formation and are kind of useless by formation and are kind of useless by themselves you take a guy with a 17 18 themselves you take a guy with a 17 18 themselves you take a guy with a 17 18 19 foot long Pike and you take him away 19 foot long Pike and you take him away 19 foot long Pike and you take him away from his Brethren armed the same way and from his Brethren armed the same way and from his Brethren armed the same way and then you try to have him fight some then you try to have him fight some then you try to have him fight some tribesmen armed with you know a cutting tribesmen armed with you know a cutting tribesmen armed with you know a cutting weapon on a stick that's not going to go weapon on a stick that's not going to go weapon on a stick that's not going to go well so they tend to stay in formation well so they tend to stay in formation well so they tend to stay in formation as a rule and the Other Extreme are as a rule and the Other Extreme are as a rule and the Other Extreme are these skirmishers these people who act these skirmishers these people who act these skirmishers these people who act like Sharpshooters who duck and move and like Sharpshooters who duck and move and like Sharpshooters who duck and move and Dodge and you know use a little dip in Dodge and you know use a little dip in Dodge and you know use a little dip in the land for coverage uh who have no the land for coverage uh who have no the land for coverage uh who have no intention of coming to blows with anyone intention of coming to blows with anyone intention of coming to blows with anyone who are armed with a sling or a bow and who are armed with a sling or a bow and who are armed with a sling or a bow and arrow or a arrow or a arrow or a javelin the pelti is capable of doing javelin the pelti is capable of doing javelin the pelti is capable of doing both they can Skirmish or they can both they can Skirmish or they can both they can Skirmish or they can charge in a warrior kind of sense now charge in a warrior kind of sense now charge in a warrior kind of sense now they're not not as good as either one of they're not not as good as either one of they're not not as good as either one of the Specialists not as good at the Specialists not as good at the Specialists not as good at skirmishing generally as a skirmisher skirmishing generally as a skirmisher skirmishing generally as a skirmisher not as good at you know melee in general not as good at you know melee in general not as good at you know melee in general as these close order troops in as these close order troops in as these close order troops in discipline and drill but the fact that discipline and drill but the fact that discipline and drill but the fact that they can do both makes them very they can do both makes them very they can do both makes them very difficult sometimes to deal with the difficult sometimes to deal with the difficult sometimes to deal with the Greeks Associated this style of fighting Greeks Associated this style of fighting Greeks Associated this style of fighting specifically with the thians but you can specifically with the thians but you can specifically with the thians but you can run into it all over the world not just run into it all over the world not just run into it all over the world not just in this period either in the Napoleonic in this period either in the Napoleonic in this period either in the Napoleonic era go look at all the different light era go look at all the different light era go look at all the different light infantries that the countries use and if infantries that the countries use and if infantries that the countries use and if countries have access to sort of uh countries have access to sort of uh countries have access to sort of uh tribal Irregulars in the colonial period tribal Irregulars in the colonial period tribal Irregulars in the colonial period in Africa for example they would call in Africa for example they would call in Africa for example they would call them native Irregulars if if you had them native Irregulars if if you had them native Irregulars if if you had access to those people you use them uh

access to those people you use them uh access to those people you use them uh if you didn't you tried to create your if you didn't you tried to create your if you didn't you tried to create your own generally from people who who lived own generally from people who who lived own generally from people who who lived as close to the land as possible like as close to the land as possible like as close to the land as possible like the prussians really didn't have access the prussians really didn't have access the prussians really didn't have access in that period to any sort of tribal in that period to any sort of tribal in that period to any sort of tribal Irregulars uh so they hired like their Irregulars uh so they hired like their Irregulars uh so they hired like their Foresters and their Hunters to be the Foresters and their Hunters to be the Foresters and their Hunters to be the Jaggers to perform this same sort of Jaggers to perform this same sort of Jaggers to perform this same sort of light infantry role but if you're going light infantry role but if you're going light infantry role but if you're going into the country where the native into the country where the native into the country where the native peoples live and you're going to fight peoples live and you're going to fight peoples live and you're going to fight the native peoples there's really no the native peoples there's really no the native peoples there's really no direct substitution than the native sort direct substitution than the native sort direct substitution than the native sort of light infantry in this period the of light infantry in this period the of light infantry in this period the native PST themselves and when the native PST themselves and when the native PST themselves and when the Greeks first encountered them they had Greeks first encountered them they had Greeks first encountered them they had big trouble with them because they big trouble with them because they big trouble with them because they didn't have a good troop type to counter didn't have a good troop type to counter didn't have a good troop type to counter them with eventually they learned what them with eventually they learned what them with eventually they learned what every society in this situation learns every society in this situation learns every society in this situation learns eventually which is uh if you can't beat eventually which is uh if you can't beat eventually which is uh if you can't beat him hire him put him on the payroll hire him hire him put him on the payroll hire him hire him put him on the payroll hire a lot of thran psts Alexander had uh a lot of thran psts Alexander had uh a lot of thran psts Alexander had uh troops in his army that are famous one troops in his army that are famous one troops in his army that are famous one of his most famous units are his eranian of his most famous units are his eranian of his most famous units are his eranian Javelin men and they are themselves Javelin men and they are themselves Javelin men and they are themselves people who fight this way especially uh people who fight this way especially uh people who fight this way especially uh necessary because if you're going to necessary because if you're going to necessary because if you're going to fight people who fight pelus in that fight people who fight pelus in that fight people who fight pelus in that kind of country you're going to need kind of country you're going to need kind of country you're going to need pelus of your own and Alexander has pelus of your own and Alexander has pelus of your own and Alexander has them we are told by AB Bosworth uh that them we are told by AB Bosworth uh that them we are told by AB Bosworth uh that he probably goes north here into this he probably goes north here into this he probably goes north here into this campaign with less than 15,000 men which campaign with less than 15,000 men which campaign with less than 15,000 men which is a small number that's not a large is a small number that's not a large is a small number that's not a large Force at all it is if you're in the Force at all it is if you're in the Force at all it is if you're in the Middle Ages if this is Norman and Saxon Middle Ages if this is Norman and Saxon Middle Ages if this is Norman and Saxon times at Hastings this is a a sizable times at Hastings this is a a sizable times at Hastings this is a a sizable Force but Force but Force but 15,000 in this time period with these 15,000 in this time period with these 15,000 in this time period with these people is a picked force and Alexander

people is a picked force and Alexander people is a picked force and Alexander is taking some of his best Macedonian is taking some of his best Macedonian is taking some of his best Macedonian units with him he's also taking a ton of units with him he's also taking a ton of units with him he's also taking a ton of light troops cuz he knows where he's light troops cuz he knows where he's light troops cuz he knows where he's fighting he has his father's Army as we fighting he has his father's Army as we fighting he has his father's Army as we said earlier and his father's Army is a said earlier and his father's Army is a said earlier and his father's Army is a combined arms Army one that has whatever combined arms Army one that has whatever combined arms Army one that has whatever troop type you need at any given troop type you need at any given troop type you need at any given moment Aryan says Alexander proceeds moment Aryan says Alexander proceeds moment Aryan says Alexander proceeds from amphipolis with this Force from amphipolis with this Force from amphipolis with this Force northward he has organized this is very northward he has organized this is very northward he has organized this is very typical Alexander also he has organized typical Alexander also he has organized typical Alexander also he has organized a fleet which is going to move up along a fleet which is going to move up along a fleet which is going to move up along the coast to the danu river and then the coast to the danu river and then the coast to the danu river and then we'll move up the danu and the fleet's we'll move up the danu and the fleet's we'll move up the danu and the fleet's job is to meet him at the destination job is to meet him at the destination job is to meet him at the destination with supplies so as we said earlier this with supplies so as we said earlier this with supplies so as we said earlier this is not some willy-nilly Endeavor this is is not some willy-nilly Endeavor this is is not some willy-nilly Endeavor this is something that would take the Persian something that would take the Persian something that would take the Persian Empire during this period I imagine two Empire during this period I imagine two Empire during this period I imagine two years of planning to pull years of planning to pull years of planning to pull off and Alexander first moves through off and Alexander first moves through off and Alexander first moves through thran territory pacified by his father thran territory pacified by his father thran territory pacified by his father and then we are told by Aryan after a 9 and then we are told by Aryan after a 9 and then we are told by Aryan after a 9 or a 10day March he comes to a pass in or a 10day March he comes to a pass in or a 10day March he comes to a pass in what was called the hemus mountains hemo what was called the hemus mountains hemo what was called the hemus mountains hemo is a minor Greek deity that the thians is a minor Greek deity that the thians is a minor Greek deity that the thians considered sort of their God uh who considered sort of their God uh who considered sort of their God uh who guarded them and these Balkan Mountains guarded them and these Balkan Mountains guarded them and these Balkan Mountains uh being called the hemus mountains back uh being called the hemus mountains back uh being called the hemus mountains back then you might as well have called them then you might as well have called them then you might as well have called them the thran mountains and when Alexander the thran mountains and when Alexander the thran mountains and when Alexander gets there we're told by aryion in a gets there we're told by aryion in a gets there we're told by aryion in a narrow sort of pass at some of the very narrow sort of pass at some of the very narrow sort of pass at some of the very Heights in this range so some of the Heights in this range so some of the Heights in this range so some of the heights are like 5,000 ft feet uh he

heights are like 5,000 ft feet uh he heights are like 5,000 ft feet uh he runs into some of the locals waiting for runs into some of the locals waiting for runs into some of the locals waiting for him sort of on the Heights and they him sort of on the Heights and they him sort of on the Heights and they brought lots and lots of wagons with brought lots and lots of wagons with brought lots and lots of wagons with them from my Landmark aryion the them from my Landmark aryion the them from my Landmark aryion the campaigns of Alexander translated by campaigns of Alexander translated by campaigns of Alexander translated by Pamela mench Aryan says quote in the Pamela mench Aryan says quote in the Pamela mench Aryan says quote in the spring he Alexander marched on thce spring he Alexander marched on thce spring he Alexander marched on thce against the tribali and the yans he had against the tribali and the yans he had against the tribali and the yans he had learned that they were contemplating learned that they were contemplating learned that they were contemplating revolt and he' also considered it unwise revolt and he' also considered it unwise revolt and he' also considered it unwise when embarking on a campaign far from when embarking on a campaign far from when embarking on a campaign far from home to leave neighboring tribes behind home to leave neighboring tribes behind home to leave neighboring tribes behind without first humbling their Spirits without first humbling their Spirits without first humbling their Spirits setting out from amphipolis he invaded setting out from amphipolis he invaded setting out from amphipolis he invaded the region of thce inhabited by the the region of thce inhabited by the the region of thce inhabited by the so-called free Thracians keeping so-called free Thracians keeping so-called free Thracians keeping Philippi and mount oralis on his left 10 Philippi and mount oralis on his left 10 Philippi and mount oralis on his left 10 days after crossing the river nesus he days after crossing the river nesus he days after crossing the river nesus he is said to have reached Mount hemus and is said to have reached Mount hemus and is said to have reached Mount hemus and there at the Narrow Path leading up the there at the Narrow Path leading up the there at the Narrow Path leading up the mountain he was met by many armed Tri mountain he was met by many armed Tri mountain he was met by many armed Tri man is the way one of my other man is the way one of my other man is the way one of my other translations has it um towns people is translations has it um towns people is translations has it um towns people is another one and free thr standing ready another one and free thr standing ready another one and free thr standing ready to Bar his way they had occupied the to Bar his way they had occupied the to Bar his way they had occupied the height of hemo at the very point where height of hemo at the very point where height of hemo at the very point where the Army had to March past the tribesmen the Army had to March past the tribesmen the Army had to March past the tribesmen had brought a number of wagons together had brought a number of wagons together had brought a number of wagons together to form a barricade from which they to form a barricade from which they to form a barricade from which they could defend themselves if they were could defend themselves if they were could defend themselves if they were pressed hard they also planned to send pressed hard they also planned to send pressed hard they also planned to send the wagons down against the ascending the wagons down against the ascending the wagons down against the ascending Macedonian fail lanks at the the Macedonian fail lanks at the the Macedonian fail lanks at the the steepest part of the mountain thinking

steepest part of the mountain thinking steepest part of the mountain thinking that the more tightly packed the fail that the more tightly packed the fail that the more tightly packed the fail lanks the more forcibly the wagons as lanks the more forcibly the wagons as lanks the more forcibly the wagons as they hurled down would disperse it end they hurled down would disperse it end they hurled down would disperse it end quote so Peter Green the great ancient quote so Peter Green the great ancient quote so Peter Green the great ancient historian writing in around historian writing in around historian writing in around 1970 says that this is the first time 1970 says that this is the first time 1970 says that this is the first time you get to see Alexander's genius you get to see Alexander's genius you get to see Alexander's genius demonstrated like what's he going to do demonstrated like what's he going to do demonstrated like what's he going to do about about about this and green in his famous Alexander this and green in his famous Alexander this and green in his famous Alexander of mcadon biography writes quote of mcadon biography writes quote of mcadon biography writes quote one of the qualities which most clearly one of the qualities which most clearly one of the qualities which most clearly distinguishes Alexander from the common distinguishes Alexander from the common distinguishes Alexander from the common run of competent field commanders is his run of competent field commanders is his run of competent field commanders is his almost uncanny ability to Divine enemy almost uncanny ability to Divine enemy almost uncanny ability to Divine enemy tactics in advance some of this may have tactics in advance some of this may have tactics in advance some of this may have been due to his first class intelligence been due to his first class intelligence been due to his first class intelligence service but at times it looks more like service but at times it looks more like service but at times it looks more like sheer brilliant psychological intuition sheer brilliant psychological intuition sheer brilliant psychological intuition anyone else he writes would have assumed anyone else he writes would have assumed anyone else he writes would have assumed very reasonably on the face of it that very reasonably on the face of it that very reasonably on the face of it that the thians intended to use their wagons the thians intended to use their wagons the thians intended to use their wagons as a stockade as a stockade as a stockade and fight behind them Alexander however and fight behind them Alexander however and fight behind them Alexander however knew that their favorite battle maneuver knew that their favorite battle maneuver knew that their favorite battle maneuver was a wild broadsword charge and was a wild broadsword charge and was a wild broadsword charge and instantly deduced what they planned to instantly deduced what they planned to instantly deduced what they planned to do as soon as he and his men were into do as soon as he and his men were into do as soon as he and his men were into the narrow section of the gorge these the narrow section of the gorge these the narrow section of the gorge these wagons would be sent rolling down the wagons would be sent rolling down the wagons would be sent rolling down the slope shattering the Macedonian Phil slope shattering the Macedonian Phil slope shattering the Macedonian Phil lanks and before its demoralized ranks lanks and before its demoralized ranks lanks and before its demoralized ranks could close again the Thracians would could close again the Thracians would could close again the Thracians would charge through the broken spear line charge through the broken spear line charge through the broken spear line slashing and stabbing at Close Quarters slashing and stabbing at Close Quarters slashing and stabbing at Close Quarters where the the unwieldy Sissa the long where the the unwieldy Sissa the long where the the unwieldy Sissa the long Pike was worse than useless end

Pike was worse than useless end Pike was worse than useless end quote well what was that line the kedes quote well what was that line the kedes quote well what was that line the kedes said right they're at their most said right they're at their most said right they're at their most bloodthirsty when things are going their bloodthirsty when things are going their bloodthirsty when things are going their way that's when I'd be most scared of way that's when I'd be most scared of way that's when I'd be most scared of them too wouldn't you coming through them too wouldn't you coming through them too wouldn't you coming through your broken ranks slitting the throats your broken ranks slitting the throats your broken ranks slitting the throats of people and falling upon you know your of people and falling upon you know your of people and falling upon you know your terrified macedonians with their terrified macedonians with their terrified macedonians with their Barbarian you know intensity and frenzy Barbarian you know intensity and frenzy Barbarian you know intensity and frenzy I mean barbarians are scary I mean barbarians are scary I mean barbarians are scary tribal peoples to settled Society tribal peoples to settled Society tribal peoples to settled Society peoples always seem kind of peoples always seem kind of peoples always seem kind of scary probably wearing war paint the scary probably wearing war paint the scary probably wearing war paint the tattoos the red hair the green eyes tattoos the red hair the green eyes tattoos the red hair the green eyes maybe drunken maybe maybe drunken maybe maybe drunken maybe wild all the good Barbarian stereotypes wild all the good Barbarian stereotypes wild all the good Barbarian stereotypes in play in play in play here but what Alexander tells his troops here but what Alexander tells his troops here but what Alexander tells his troops to do here you know as Peter Green says to do here you know as Peter Green says to do here you know as Peter Green says uh divining what they're going to do uh divining what they're going to do uh divining what they're going to do forces us to think very long and hard forces us to think very long and hard forces us to think very long and hard about about you know what I mentioned about about you know what I mentioned about about you know what I mentioned earlier the physics of Ancient Warfare earlier the physics of Ancient Warfare earlier the physics of Ancient Warfare what people do and what they're capable what people do and what they're capable what people do and what they're capable of doing and this is where having Aryan of doing and this is where having Aryan of doing and this is where having Aryan as a military commander himself as a military commander himself as a military commander himself operating in an era where the physics of operating in an era where the physics of operating in an era where the physics of Ancient Warfare aren't that different Ancient Warfare aren't that different Ancient Warfare aren't that different from Alexander's time is key because from Alexander's time is key because from Alexander's time is key because he's going to tell us Alexander does he's going to tell us Alexander does he's going to tell us Alexander does something that I wouldn't believe something that I wouldn't believe something that I wouldn't believe possible but if it were fiction aryion possible but if it were fiction aryion possible but if it were fiction aryion would have known it was fiction CU he would have known it was fiction CU he would have known it was fiction CU he would know people can't do would know people can't do would know people can't do this this is Impractical this is this this is Impractical this is this this is Impractical this is impossible this is unlikely and he would impossible this is unlikely and he would impossible this is unlikely and he would say this in a way that made us say this in a way that made us say this in a way that made us understand understand understand it Arion says that Alexander's answer to

it Arion says that Alexander's answer to it Arion says that Alexander's answer to this tactical dilemma he runs into is to this tactical dilemma he runs into is to this tactical dilemma he runs into is to tell his men that when the wagons come tell his men that when the wagons come tell his men that when the wagons come tumbling down the hill if you can get tumbling down the hill if you can get tumbling down the hill if you can get out of the way just break formation and out of the way just break formation and out of the way just break formation and hide you know get get undercover avoid hide you know get get undercover avoid hide you know get get undercover avoid the the wagons and they're more like the the wagons and they're more like the the wagons and they're more like light carts I think so we should think light carts I think so we should think light carts I think so we should think of them that way but there may have been of them that way but there may have been of them that way but there may have been hundreds of them the next thing hundreds of them the next thing hundreds of them the next thing Alexander says is if you're caught in Alexander says is if you're caught in Alexander says is if you're caught in the path of these things he wants them the path of these things he wants them the path of these things he wants them to lie down or it sounds more like he to lie down or it sounds more like he to lie down or it sounds more like he wants them to almost create if you ever wants them to almost create if you ever wants them to almost create if you ever had a a bike when you were a kid and you had a a bike when you were a kid and you had a a bike when you were a kid and you created a jump ramp a sort of a ramp so created a jump ramp a sort of a ramp so created a jump ramp a sort of a ramp so that these carts would then hit the that these carts would then hit the that these carts would then hit the shields of troops lying down in front shields of troops lying down in front shields of troops lying down in front the troops behind them would be at a the troops behind them would be at a the troops behind them would be at a little bit more of an angle the troops little bit more of an angle the troops little bit more of an angle the troops behind them if you've ever seen a the behind them if you've ever seen a the behind them if you've ever seen a the tortoise formation the testudo that the tortoise formation the testudo that the tortoise formation the testudo that the Roman legionaries would do in the Roman legionaries would do in the Roman legionaries would do in the Imperial times a a version of that if Imperial times a a version of that if Imperial times a a version of that if you will but to lie down and create you will but to lie down and create you will but to lie down and create these ramps so that the carts would hit these ramps so that the carts would hit these ramps so that the carts would hit the first row of Shields and just sort the first row of Shields and just sort the first row of Shields and just sort of get airborne and not really hurt of get airborne and not really hurt of get airborne and not really hurt anybody this sounds crazy now green says anybody this sounds crazy now green says anybody this sounds crazy now green says that Alexander did some specific that Alexander did some specific that Alexander did some specific training before going up here into th uh training before going up here into th uh training before going up here into th uh winter training for his troops some winter training for his troops some winter training for his troops some other things so it's possible if he knew other things so it's possible if he knew other things so it's possible if he knew that this you know the intelligence that this you know the intelligence that this you know the intelligence service if he knew that something like service if he knew that something like service if he knew that something like this might happen maybe this is a this might happen maybe this is a this might happen maybe this is a practice maneuver but it forces us to practice maneuver but it forces us to practice maneuver but it forces us to think a little bit more about what think a little bit more about what think a little bit more about what ancient armies were capable of because ancient armies were capable of because ancient armies were capable of because according to Aryan uh the thians did according to Aryan uh the thians did according to Aryan uh the thians did indeed launch the wagons downhill indeed launch the wagons downhill indeed launch the wagons downhill Alexander's troops did indeed lie down Alexander's troops did indeed lie down Alexander's troops did indeed lie down with their Shields over them and no one

with their Shields over them and no one with their Shields over them and no one was was was hurt and remember Aryans trying to write hurt and remember Aryans trying to write hurt and remember Aryans trying to write an Alexander history specifically to cut an Alexander history specifically to cut an Alexander history specifically to cut through all the romance and the through all the romance and the through all the romance and the mythmaking and the crap from his time mythmaking and the crap from his time mythmaking and the crap from his time period so he doesn't want to period so he doesn't want to period so he doesn't want to deliberately lie this is a very deliberately lie this is a very deliberately lie this is a very interesting thing though if you're a fan interesting thing though if you're a fan interesting thing though if you're a fan of Ancient Warfare trying to figure out of Ancient Warfare trying to figure out of Ancient Warfare trying to figure out how it worked that something like this how it worked that something like this how it worked that something like this was possible from my Aryan from The was possible from my Aryan from The was possible from my Aryan from The aubury Dore translation this by the way aubury Dore translation this by the way aubury Dore translation this by the way is where Alexander has to try to is where Alexander has to try to is where Alexander has to try to consider how to handle this threat that consider how to handle this threat that consider how to handle this threat that the thr pose quote Alexander had now to the thr pose quote Alexander had now to the thr pose quote Alexander had now to consider how to cross the ridge with consider how to cross the ridge with consider how to cross the ridge with least loss for cross it he must as there least loss for cross it he must as there least loss for cross it he must as there was no way around his orders were that was no way around his orders were that was no way around his orders were that those sections of the heavy infantry those sections of the heavy infantry those sections of the heavy infantry which had room enough were to break which had room enough were to break which had room enough were to break formation when the carts came tearing formation when the carts came tearing formation when the carts came tearing down the slope and so let them through down the slope and so let them through down the slope and so let them through any sections on the other hand which any sections on the other hand which any sections on the other hand which were in the narrow pass were to form in were in the narrow pass were to form in were in the narrow pass were to form in the closest possible order such men as the closest possible order such men as the closest possible order such men as were able lying prone on the ground with were able lying prone on the ground with were able lying prone on the ground with shields locked together above their shields locked together above their shields locked together above their bodies so as to give the heavy wagons as bodies so as to give the heavy wagons as bodies so as to give the heavy wagons as they kened down the hill a chance to they kened down the hill a chance to they kened down the hill a chance to bounce over the top of them without bounce over the top of them without bounce over the top of them without doing any harm Alexander accordingly doing any harm Alexander accordingly doing any harm Alexander accordingly gave his orders and the result was what gave his orders and the result was what gave his orders and the result was what he expected those that had room left a he expected those that had room left a he expected those that had room left a space between their ranks and as for the space between their ranks and as for the space between their ranks and as for the rest the carts passed harmlessly over rest the carts passed harmlessly over rest the carts passed harmlessly over their locked Shields there were no their locked Shields there were no their locked Shields there were no casualties end casualties end casualties end quote now think of how disheartening

quote now think of how disheartening quote now think of how disheartening this moment must be I keep trying to this moment must be I keep trying to this moment must be I keep trying to think about it like cinematically what's think about it like cinematically what's think about it like cinematically what's it look like when all those carts Rumble it look like when all those carts Rumble it look like when all those carts Rumble down the Steep mountain and they start down the Steep mountain and they start down the Steep mountain and they start you know falling amongst themselves and you know falling amongst themselves and you know falling amongst themselves and they turn into a giant jumble and they they turn into a giant jumble and they they turn into a giant jumble and they Smash down you know into this narrow Smash down you know into this narrow Smash down you know into this narrow area and people are ducking and dodging area and people are ducking and dodging area and people are ducking and dodging I'm trying to imagine what would have I'm trying to imagine what would have I'm trying to imagine what would have happened had Alexander not had them you happened had Alexander not had them you happened had Alexander not had them you know do the lay down Shield know do the lay down Shield know do the lay down Shield thing but when the thians see that this thing but when the thians see that this thing but when the thians see that this doesn't work it's like a double problem doesn't work it's like a double problem doesn't work it's like a double problem for them because their strategy of for them because their strategy of for them because their strategy of attacking with them didn't work and now attacking with them didn't work and now attacking with them didn't work and now they've lost these things they were they've lost these things they were they've lost these things they were going to hide behind if the fail lanks going to hide behind if the fail lanks going to hide behind if the fail lanks and the rest of Alexander's troops came and the rest of Alexander's troops came and the rest of Alexander's troops came up to get them so now they're sort of up to get them so now they're sort of up to get them so now they're sort of naked up there I mean they do have the naked up there I mean they do have the naked up there I mean they do have the height Advantage but that's it and now height Advantage but that's it and now height Advantage but that's it and now just like maybe their disheartened Aryan just like maybe their disheartened Aryan just like maybe their disheartened Aryan says straight up Alexander's troops look says straight up Alexander's troops look says straight up Alexander's troops look at this and their morale jumps and we at this and their morale jumps and we at this and their morale jumps and we all understand right that morale is all understand right that morale is all understand right that morale is probably the preeminent aspect of probably the preeminent aspect of probably the preeminent aspect of warfare I mean Napoleon gave ratios for warfare I mean Napoleon gave ratios for warfare I mean Napoleon gave ratios for how important it was and it matters even how important it was and it matters even how important it was and it matters even today of course but when you're on these today of course but when you're on these today of course but when you're on these relatively speaking tiny battlefields relatively speaking tiny battlefields relatively speaking tiny battlefields which involved you know if you were which involved you know if you were which involved you know if you were looking at it from a giant balloon I looking at it from a giant balloon I looking at it from a giant balloon I mean these look like just crowds of mean these look like just crowds of mean these look like just crowds of people where you can see things things I people where you can see things things I people where you can see things things I mean there there must have been I would mean there there must have been I would mean there there must have been I would think a kind of almost sporting event think a kind of almost sporting event think a kind of almost sporting event type type type ability to sense the shift in momentum ability to sense the shift in momentum ability to sense the shift in momentum sometimes when it comes like you're sometimes when it comes like you're sometimes when it comes like you're watching a football game and all of a

watching a football game and all of a watching a football game and all of a sudden the momentum visibly shifts the sudden the momentum visibly shifts the sudden the momentum visibly shifts the crowd knows it the players on both teams crowd knows it the players on both teams crowd knows it the players on both teams know it I get the feeling maybe it's know it I get the feeling maybe it's know it I get the feeling maybe it's like this and aryion says that when the like this and aryion says that when the like this and aryion says that when the wagon thing doesn't work the momentum wagon thing doesn't work the momentum wagon thing doesn't work the momentum shifts and Alexander's now G to come and shifts and Alexander's now G to come and shifts and Alexander's now G to come and get these get these get these thr and from my um Pamela mench thr and from my um Pamela mench thr and from my um Pamela mench translation in the landmark Aryan which translation in the landmark Aryan which translation in the landmark Aryan which of course is called the anabasis of course is called the anabasis of course is called the anabasis originally Aran says originally Aran says originally Aran says quote finding themselves un hurt by the quote finding themselves un hurt by the quote finding themselves un hurt by the wagons they had most dreaded the wagons they had most dreaded the wagons they had most dreaded the macedonians now took courage raised a macedonians now took courage raised a macedonians now took courage raised a shout and charged the thran Alexander shout and charged the thran Alexander shout and charged the thran Alexander ordered the archers to move from their ordered the archers to move from their ordered the archers to move from their post on the right wing to the front of post on the right wing to the front of post on the right wing to the front of the fail lanks where the ground was the fail lanks where the ground was the fail lanks where the ground was better and to shoot at the thran better and to shoot at the thran better and to shoot at the thran wherever they attacked he himself wherever they attacked he himself wherever they attacked he himself collected the agima the shieldbearers collected the agima the shieldbearers collected the agima the shieldbearers and the Iranians to form his left wing and the Iranians to form his left wing and the Iranians to form his left wing with himself in command The Archers with himself in command The Archers with himself in command The Archers shooting at the thians who sallied forth shooting at the thians who sallied forth shooting at the thians who sallied forth from the ranks succeeded in driving them from the ranks succeeded in driving them from the ranks succeeded in driving them back the fail lanks now joined battle back the fail lanks now joined battle back the fail lanks now joined battle and had no difficulty dislodging The and had no difficulty dislodging The and had no difficulty dislodging The Barbarians who were lightly or poorly Barbarians who were lightly or poorly Barbarians who were lightly or poorly armed the thians no longer attempted to armed the thians no longer attempted to armed the thians no longer attempted to engage Alexander who was advancing from engage Alexander who was advancing from engage Alexander who was advancing from the left but threw away their weapons the left but threw away their weapons the left but threw away their weapons and fled as best they could down the and fled as best they could down the and fled as best they could down the mountain nearly 1,500 of them perished mountain nearly 1,500 of them perished mountain nearly 1,500 of them perished few of those who fled were taken alive few of those who fled were taken alive few of those who fled were taken alive on account of the speed and the on account of the speed and the on account of the speed and the knowledge of the country though all the knowledge of the country though all the knowledge of the country though all the women who had accompanied them were women who had accompanied them were women who had accompanied them were captured with their young children and

captured with their young children and captured with their young children and all the property they were carrying end all the property they were carrying end all the property they were carrying end quote this is a fantastic translation by quote this is a fantastic translation by quote this is a fantastic translation by the way of Aryan by um Pamela mench here the way of Aryan by um Pamela mench here the way of Aryan by um Pamela mench here in the landmark area it it captures all in the landmark area it it captures all in the landmark area it it captures all of the flare get a real sense of being of the flare get a real sense of being of the flare get a real sense of being able to see what Alexander's trying to able to see what Alexander's trying to able to see what Alexander's trying to do here he's clearly setting up some do here he's clearly setting up some do here he's clearly setting up some sort of left hook where he's going to sort of left hook where he's going to sort of left hook where he's going to smash these people after sort of pinning smash these people after sort of pinning smash these people after sort of pinning them from the front which is sort of the them from the front which is sort of the them from the front which is sort of the classic classic classic Macedonian hammer and Anvil sort of Macedonian hammer and Anvil sort of Macedonian hammer and Anvil sort of tactic anyway but it sounds like before tactic anyway but it sounds like before tactic anyway but it sounds like before the hook can even land the thians have the hook can even land the thians have the hook can even land the thians have had enough and they they run down the had enough and they they run down the had enough and they they run down the mountain side leaving their women and mountain side leaving their women and mountain side leaving their women and children behind children behind children behind them I do like the little part are and them I do like the little part are and them I do like the little part are and throws in about how you can't really throws in about how you can't really throws in about how you can't really catch him in their own climate once catch him in their own climate once catch him in their own climate once again they're like a paches can't find again they're like a paches can't find again they're like a paches can't find them once they get into the hills them once they get into the hills them once they get into the hills they're gone disappear invisible but they're gone disappear invisible but they're gone disappear invisible but their women and children aren't they get their women and children aren't they get their women and children aren't they get sent back to macedon's booty probably to sent back to macedon's booty probably to sent back to macedon's booty probably to become slaves and starting the tally become slaves and starting the tally become slaves and starting the tally that the Alexander as the butcher sort that the Alexander as the butcher sort that the Alexander as the butcher sort of school will start to compile of of school will start to compile of of school will start to compile of people whose lives are negatively people whose lives are negatively people whose lives are negatively influenced and pain inflicted maybe influenced and pain inflicted maybe influenced and pain inflicted maybe needlessly because of the goals of needlessly because of the goals of needlessly because of the goals of Alexander and at this point in the story Alexander and at this point in the story Alexander and at this point in the story the goals of Alexander are pretty the goals of Alexander are pretty the goals of Alexander are pretty defensible from an ancient geopolitical defensible from an ancient geopolitical defensible from an ancient geopolitical standpoint I mean he's just sort of standpoint I mean he's just sort of standpoint I mean he's just sort of rounding out um his territory and making rounding out um his territory and making rounding out um his territory and making sure that you know these people don't sure that you know these people don't sure that you know these people don't swoop down on his people I mean you can swoop down on his people I mean you can swoop down on his people I mean you can always talk about the same sorts of always talk about the same sorts of always talk about the same sorts of Defense needs uh that we still talk

Defense needs uh that we still talk Defense needs uh that we still talk about today there's a sort of an about today there's a sort of an about today there's a sort of an evergreen quality to those sorts of evergreen quality to those sorts of evergreen quality to those sorts of threats and up until this point one threats and up until this point one threats and up until this point one would see Alexander's actions as being would see Alexander's actions as being would see Alexander's actions as being thoroughly supported uh by all and if thoroughly supported uh by all and if thoroughly supported uh by all and if the shoe had been on the other fo the the shoe had been on the other fo the the shoe had been on the other fo the Thracians would do it to Thracians would do it to Thracians would do it to them but it should be noted these people them but it should be noted these people them but it should be noted these people who just suffered 1500 dead to the who just suffered 1500 dead to the who just suffered 1500 dead to the macedonians were not the people that macedonians were not the people that macedonians were not the people that Alexander wanted to inflict pain and Alexander wanted to inflict pain and Alexander wanted to inflict pain and suffering on they were just people suffering on they were just people suffering on they were just people standing in the standing in the standing in the way and once he brushes these people way and once he brushes these people way and once he brushes these people aside he heads for the aside he heads for the aside he heads for the tabali now he's in trali country and tabali now he's in trali country and tabali now he's in trali country and it's hard for me personally to not it's hard for me personally to not it's hard for me personally to not create some sort of mental analogy create some sort of mental analogy create some sort of mental analogy between this and sort of the Native between this and sort of the Native between this and sort of the Native American Experience in North America but American Experience in North America but American Experience in North America but it's so flawed to use that one cu the it's so flawed to use that one cu the it's so flawed to use that one cu the power relationships are so different I power relationships are so different I power relationships are so different I mean to me we've been talking about mean to me we've been talking about mean to me we've been talking about things like the Apache this people who things like the Apache this people who things like the Apache this people who were a gorilla people hard to find hide were a gorilla people hard to find hide were a gorilla people hard to find hide in their own native habitat but there in their own native habitat but there in their own native habitat but there were Native American tribes that were were Native American tribes that were were Native American tribes that were big and strong and like you know big and strong and like you know big and strong and like you know powerful nations in their own right like powerful nations in their own right like powerful nations in their own right like the kamanche for example and Alexander the kamanche for example and Alexander the kamanche for example and Alexander going against the tabali here is not going against the tabali here is not going against the tabali here is not like going against Apache gorillas or like going against Apache gorillas or like going against Apache gorillas or whatnot it's like going up against the whatnot it's like going up against the whatnot it's like going up against the kamanche people who as I said defeated kamanche people who as I said defeated kamanche people who as I said defeated his father a generation ago the his father a generation ago the his father a generation ago the difference here though is is that difference here though is is that difference here though is is that Alexander is not fighting them with some Alexander is not fighting them with some Alexander is not fighting them with some sort of Garrison force or some sort of

sort of Garrison force or some sort of sort of Garrison force or some sort of Outpost in the way that the American Outpost in the way that the American Outpost in the way that the American West situation was this would be Ain to West situation was this would be Ain to West situation was this would be Ain to taking like grants Army from the Civil taking like grants Army from the Civil taking like grants Army from the Civil War and lining up on one side of the War and lining up on one side of the War and lining up on one side of the battlefield and fighting the kamanche on battlefield and fighting the kamanche on battlefield and fighting the kamanche on the other that sort of thing never the other that sort of thing never the other that sort of thing never happened but of course the tabali and happened but of course the tabali and happened but of course the tabali and all the tribal peoples of Europe have all the tribal peoples of Europe have all the tribal peoples of Europe have all sorts of advantages that the all sorts of advantages that the all sorts of advantages that the commanche didn't have like not being commanche didn't have like not being commanche didn't have like not being wiped out by disease you know ahead of wiped out by disease you know ahead of wiped out by disease you know ahead of time and you know not having to face time and you know not having to face time and you know not having to face guns and horrible technological guns and horrible technological guns and horrible technological one-sided situations it's going to be one-sided situations it's going to be one-sided situations it's going to be bad enough believe me the the tribali bad enough believe me the the tribali bad enough believe me the the tribali fighting the macedonians is one-sided fighting the macedonians is one-sided fighting the macedonians is one-sided enough from a military technology enough from a military technology enough from a military technology standpoint but it's not you know machine standpoint but it's not you know machine standpoint but it's not you know machine guns against guns against guns against tribesmen at the same time you get this tribesmen at the same time you get this tribesmen at the same time you get this sort of sense that it seems to be a sort of sense that it seems to be a sort of sense that it seems to be a little like all those encounters with little like all those encounters with little like all those encounters with these settled societies and their Armies these settled societies and their Armies these settled societies and their Armies come into the tribal territory and push come into the tribal territory and push come into the tribal territory and push the tribes to the edge in this case the the tribes to the edge in this case the the tribes to the edge in this case the edge is the danu and that's where the edge is the danu and that's where the edge is the danu and that's where the king of the tribali sends his you know king of the tribali sends his you know king of the tribali sends his you know Women and Children of his tribe for Women and Children of his tribe for Women and Children of his tribe for hopefully safety and Sanctuary it sounds hopefully safety and Sanctuary it sounds hopefully safety and Sanctuary it sounds like there's a very big island in the like there's a very big island in the like there's a very big island in the danu because it's not only the tribali danu because it's not only the tribali danu because it's not only the tribali that will take refuge there but Aryan that will take refuge there but Aryan that will take refuge there but Aryan says the surrounding peoples are the says the surrounding peoples are the says the surrounding peoples are the equivalent of War refugees fleeing the equivalent of War refugees fleeing the equivalent of War refugees fleeing the fighting and heading to this island the fighting and heading to this island the fighting and heading to this island the king himself and his Entourage were told king himself and his Entourage were told king himself and his Entourage were told join them meanwhile the Warriors have join them meanwhile the Warriors have join them meanwhile the Warriors have moved straight toward Alexander and moved straight toward Alexander and moved straight toward Alexander and they've somehow gotten behind him aryion

they've somehow gotten behind him aryion they've somehow gotten behind him aryion says this will not be the only time in says this will not be the only time in says this will not be the only time in Alexander's career where the enemy Alexander's career where the enemy Alexander's career where the enemy somehow Gets behind him which normally somehow Gets behind him which normally somehow Gets behind him which normally would be a big deal but in no case in would be a big deal but in no case in would be a big deal but in no case in Alexander's life is it ever a big deal Alexander's life is it ever a big deal Alexander's life is it ever a big deal he turns around and he goes and gets he turns around and he goes and gets he turns around and he goes and gets them and he encounters them while them and he encounters them while them and he encounters them while they're making a camp they're in a they're making a camp they're in a they're making a camp they're in a territory near a river with Woods the territory near a river with Woods the territory near a river with Woods the different translations translated different translations translated different translations translated differently sometimes a Glenn is the differently sometimes a Glenn is the differently sometimes a Glenn is the name they use sometimes a wood but it name they use sometimes a wood but it name they use sometimes a wood but it sounds like it's broken country sounds like it's broken country sounds like it's broken country regardless not the kind of territory regardless not the kind of territory regardless not the kind of territory Alexander can just sort of charge them Alexander can just sort of charge them Alexander can just sort of charge them in both sides find each other they form in both sides find each other they form in both sides find each other they form up but the tribali Warriors are in this up but the tribali Warriors are in this up but the tribali Warriors are in this wood and Alexander can't deal with that wood and Alexander can't deal with that wood and Alexander can't deal with that but as we've said before Alexander has but as we've said before Alexander has but as we've said before Alexander has his father's Army it's a combined arms his father's Army it's a combined arms his father's Army it's a combined arms Army he has whatever troop type he may Army he has whatever troop type he may Army he has whatever troop type he may need to get the job done whatever he need to get the job done whatever he need to get the job done whatever he Encounters in this case Aran says he Encounters in this case Aran says he Encounters in this case Aran says he sends in the skirmishers and the sends in the skirmishers and the sends in the skirmishers and the marksmen and the Slingers and The marksmen and the Slingers and The marksmen and the Slingers and The Archers to go shoot at the tribali in Archers to go shoot at the tribali in Archers to go shoot at the tribali in whatever this terrain is that's keeping whatever this terrain is that's keeping whatever this terrain is that's keeping Alexander off him it sounds sort of Alexander off him it sounds sort of Alexander off him it sounds sort of wooded wooded wooded but what happens is the tribali are in a but what happens is the tribali are in a but what happens is the tribali are in a position where they have to just sit position where they have to just sit position where they have to just sit there and suck up the arrows and well there and suck up the arrows and well there and suck up the arrows and well that'll make you crazy and after you that'll make you crazy and after you that'll make you crazy and after you it's like being under you know attack by it's like being under you know attack by it's like being under you know attack by gun fire or artillery fire or whatever gun fire or artillery fire or whatever gun fire or artillery fire or whatever and not being able to respond after a and not being able to respond after a and not being able to respond after a while you just you know decide I don't while you just you know decide I don't while you just you know decide I don't care what the risks are I'm getting shot care what the risks are I'm getting shot care what the risks are I'm getting shot up here or you lose your mind or you get up here or you lose your mind or you get up here or you lose your mind or you get angry you just see them there you know

angry you just see them there you know angry you just see them there you know close by and you think you can you know close by and you think you can you know close by and you think you can you know charge out and get one of them but they charge out and get one of them but they charge out and get one of them but they do manage to get their travali to come do manage to get their travali to come do manage to get their travali to come out of the woods to go get these out of the woods to go get these out of the woods to go get these skirmishers that are just the term they skirmishers that are just the term they skirmishers that are just the term they used to use was ging them and when they used to use was ging them and when they used to use was ging them and when they do that's when Alexander falls on them do that's when Alexander falls on them do that's when Alexander falls on them the Cavalry from both sides uh Arion the Cavalry from both sides uh Arion the Cavalry from both sides uh Arion says he's also got Cavalry in the center says he's also got Cavalry in the center says he's also got Cavalry in the center followed up by an extra dense version of followed up by an extra dense version of followed up by an extra dense version of the fail lanks this is nothing that the the fail lanks this is nothing that the the fail lanks this is nothing that the trbal can handle this is you know trbal can handle this is you know trbal can handle this is you know Grant's Army at Gettysburg falling on Grant's Army at Gettysburg falling on Grant's Army at Gettysburg falling on the the the commanche of course it wouldn't have commanche of course it wouldn't have commanche of course it wouldn't have been granted Gettysburg he was a been granted Gettysburg he was a been granted Gettysburg he was a Vicksburg it would have been me but in Vicksburg it would have been me but in Vicksburg it would have been me but in any case any case any case case and Arion says that as long as they case and Arion says that as long as they case and Arion says that as long as they were involved in the skirmishing the were involved in the skirmishing the were involved in the skirmishing the tabali held their own but as soon as tabali held their own but as soon as tabali held their own but as soon as Alexander's Army hit them Full Tilt in Alexander's Army hit them Full Tilt in Alexander's Army hit them Full Tilt in good terrain right good terrain meaning good terrain right good terrain meaning good terrain right good terrain meaning they pulled them out of the woods into a they pulled them out of the woods into a they pulled them out of the woods into a place where the failings can can form up place where the failings can can form up place where the failings can can form up in Den formation you can't handle that in Den formation you can't handle that in Den formation you can't handle that very few armies in the world could much very few armies in the world could much very few armies in the world could much less a tribal Force used to fighting in less a tribal Force used to fighting in less a tribal Force used to fighting in different circumstances they they' different circumstances they they' different circumstances they they' beaten Alexander's dad before as we said beaten Alexander's dad before as we said beaten Alexander's dad before as we said but this would not have been the but this would not have been the but this would not have been the circumstance they would have chosen to circumstance they would have chosen to circumstance they would have chosen to fight in fight in fight in there's a line from this part of aryan's there's a line from this part of aryan's there's a line from this part of aryan's commentary that also has prompted all commentary that also has prompted all commentary that also has prompted all sorts of speculation about those of us sorts of speculation about those of us sorts of speculation about those of us trying to figure out what the heck trying to figure out what the heck trying to figure out what the heck ancient battle looked like because one ancient battle looked like because one ancient battle looked like because one of the variables one of the elements in of the variables one of the elements in of the variables one of the elements in the physics of the ancient Battlefield the physics of the ancient Battlefield the physics of the ancient Battlefield that has all sorts of unanswered that has all sorts of unanswered that has all sorts of unanswered questions about it are horses what they questions about it are horses what they questions about it are horses what they would and wouldn't do how they would and wouldn't do how they would and wouldn't do how they functioned there's a whole school of

functioned there's a whole school of functioned there's a whole school of thought amongst some military historians thought amongst some military historians thought amongst some military historians that the macedonians were the first that the macedonians were the first that the macedonians were the first people in this period to use true shock people in this period to use true shock people in this period to use true shock cavalry again that's up in the air but cavalry again that's up in the air but cavalry again that's up in the air but there's a line in especially clear in there's a line in especially clear in there's a line in especially clear in Pamela men's translation of Aran where Pamela men's translation of Aran where Pamela men's translation of Aran where she talks about how even the horses she talks about how even the horses she talks about how even the horses themselves are it makes it sound like themselves are it makes it sound like themselves are it makes it sound like she's using she didn't use the exact she's using she didn't use the exact she's using she didn't use the exact word but it makes it sound like pushing word but it makes it sound like pushing word but it makes it sound like pushing so in the Middle Ages there's a whole so in the Middle Ages there's a whole so in the Middle Ages there's a whole school of thought too that horses were school of thought too that horses were school of thought too that horses were used sometimes to push to sort of shove used sometimes to push to sort of shove used sometimes to push to sort of shove the formation jostle it if you will the formation jostle it if you will the formation jostle it if you will into into into disorder and she'll mention something to disorder and she'll mention something to disorder and she'll mention something to this effect when she says quote so long this effect when she says quote so long this effect when she says quote so long as the two sides assailed each other as the two sides assailed each other as the two sides assailed each other from a distance the tabali held their from a distance the tabali held their from a distance the tabali held their own but when the tightly arrayed fail own but when the tightly arrayed fail own but when the tightly arrayed fail lanks attacked them with force and lanks attacked them with force and lanks attacked them with force and Alexander's Cavalry thrusting the enemy Alexander's Cavalry thrusting the enemy Alexander's Cavalry thrusting the enemy this way and that no longer with this way and that no longer with this way and that no longer with javelins but with the horses themselves javelins but with the horses themselves javelins but with the horses themselves assailed them from every side the tabali assailed them from every side the tabali assailed them from every side the tabali were routed and fled through the Glen to were routed and fled through the Glen to were routed and fled through the Glen to the river 3,000 died while fleeing only the river 3,000 died while fleeing only the river 3,000 died while fleeing only a few were taken alive as the woods a few were taken alive as the woods a few were taken alive as the woods beside the river were dense and the beside the river were dense and the beside the river were dense and the Gathering Darkness robbed the macadonia Gathering Darkness robbed the macadonia Gathering Darkness robbed the macadonia in pursuit of its Precision 11 in pursuit of its Precision 11 in pursuit of its Precision 11 Macedonian Horsemen died according to Macedonian Horsemen died according to Macedonian Horsemen died according to tmy and about 40 foot soldiers end tmy and about 40 foot soldiers end tmy and about 40 foot soldiers end quote interesting that Aryan says this quote interesting that Aryan says this quote interesting that Aryan says this information comes from tmy a direct information comes from tmy a direct information comes from tmy a direct breadcrumb connection all the way back

breadcrumb connection all the way back breadcrumb connection all the way back to a guy who was probably an eyewitness to a guy who was probably an eyewitness to a guy who was probably an eyewitness there a long time ago once upon a time I there a long time ago once upon a time I there a long time ago once upon a time I love the that sends a shiver down my love the that sends a shiver down my love the that sends a shiver down my spine to think of Aryan a Roman era spine to think of Aryan a Roman era spine to think of Aryan a Roman era historian sort of informationally and historian sort of informationally and historian sort of informationally and storytelling wise spiritually storytelling wise spiritually storytelling wise spiritually transmitting that stuff like a Channeler transmitting that stuff like a Channeler transmitting that stuff like a Channeler to us to us to us now if the casualties sound suspiciously now if the casualties sound suspiciously now if the casualties sound suspiciously one-sided to you I don't blame one-sided to you I don't blame one-sided to you I don't blame you we should recall and I'm going to you we should recall and I'm going to you we should recall and I'm going to make this disclaimer for the rest of the make this disclaimer for the rest of the make this disclaimer for the rest of the program you can't believe Ancient program you can't believe Ancient program you can't believe Ancient Warfare numbers at all you can't believe Warfare numbers at all you can't believe Warfare numbers at all you can't believe the Army strengths you can't believe the the Army strengths you can't believe the the Army strengths you can't believe the casualties you can't believe the casualties you can't believe the casualties you can't believe the casualty ratios none of it some would casualty ratios none of it some would casualty ratios none of it some would say you you never can in Warfare um say you you never can in Warfare um say you you never can in Warfare um others would make the argument and I others would make the argument and I others would make the argument and I think I fall into this camp that there think I fall into this camp that there think I fall into this camp that there comes a time period and it's relatively comes a time period and it's relatively comes a time period and it's relatively recently where you can kind of start to recently where you can kind of start to recently where you can kind of start to trust those numbers let's call it part trust those numbers let's call it part trust those numbers let's call it part of a recordkeeping of a recordkeeping of a recordkeeping revolution but certainly I would say revolution but certainly I would say revolution but certainly I would say somewhere in the 20th century they somewhere in the 20th century they somewhere in the 20th century they become more believable but certainly in become more believable but certainly in become more believable but certainly in the ancient world you can't believe them the ancient world you can't believe them the ancient world you can't believe them at all but if you think that this is is at all but if you think that this is is at all but if you think that this is is wrong just because they are so one-sided wrong just because they are so one-sided wrong just because they are so one-sided I would have said that by the way a long I would have said that by the way a long I would have said that by the way a long time ago myself but I read a book I wish time ago myself but I read a book I wish time ago myself but I read a book I wish I could remember the title or the I could remember the title or the I could remember the title or the historian but it was one of those books historian but it was one of those books historian but it was one of those books where they give you information that you where they give you information that you where they give you information that you already know but they put it in a sort already know but they put it in a sort already know but they put it in a sort of a context you know tip it slightly if of a context you know tip it slightly if of a context you know tip it slightly if you will that allows the light bulb to you will that allows the light bulb to you will that allows the light bulb to all of a sudden go on and you kind of all of a sudden go on and you kind of all of a sudden go on and you kind of smack yourself in the head and you go of smack yourself in the head and you go of smack yourself in the head and you go of course this historian said that those

course this historian said that those course this historian said that those sorts of one-sided casually ratios sorts of one-sided casually ratios sorts of one-sided casually ratios aren't just true they're common aren't just true they're common aren't just true they're common throughout military history this isn't throughout military history this isn't throughout military history this isn't an ancient history thing it's an unequal an ancient history thing it's an unequal an ancient history thing it's an unequal sides facing off against each other sides facing off against each other sides facing off against each other thing when you have more equal forces thing when you have more equal forces thing when you have more equal forces you tend to have more um equally you tend to have more um equally you tend to have more um equally distributed casualties but when one side distributed casualties but when one side distributed casualties but when one side outclasses the other the ratios are outclasses the other the ratios are outclasses the other the ratios are often horribly one-sided case in point often horribly one-sided case in point often horribly one-sided case in point by the way go look up at the Casual by the way go look up at the Casual by the way go look up at the Casual ratios for something like the Gulf War ratios for something like the Gulf War ratios for something like the Gulf War right the one this is a you know recent right the one this is a you know recent right the one this is a you know recent conflict uh Co Coalition deaths caused conflict uh Co Coalition deaths caused conflict uh Co Coalition deaths caused by Iraqi military action is something by Iraqi military action is something by Iraqi military action is something like 150 like 150 like 150 people Iraqi deaths are still not known people Iraqi deaths are still not known people Iraqi deaths are still not known to this day the site I looked at ranged to this day the site I looked at ranged to this day the site I looked at ranged it from and this is military casualties it from and this is military casualties it from and this is military casualties a Kia uh actually 20,000 to 50,000 take a Kia uh actually 20,000 to 50,000 take a Kia uh actually 20,000 to 50,000 take the low one 20,000 if you have 20,000 on the low one 20,000 if you have 20,000 on the low one 20,000 if you have 20,000 on one side if if you saw an ancient report one side if if you saw an ancient report one side if if you saw an ancient report from a historian like Aryan who said from a historian like Aryan who said from a historian like Aryan who said that one side the thians Lost 20,000 men that one side the thians Lost 20,000 men that one side the thians Lost 20,000 men Alexander lost 147 you would say you Alexander lost 147 you would say you Alexander lost 147 you would say you know you'd laugh boulder dash and yet know you'd laugh boulder dash and yet know you'd laugh boulder dash and yet there we go so that historian turned a there we go so that historian turned a there we go so that historian turned a light on for us that just made me go hm light on for us that just made me go hm light on for us that just made me go hm well when one side outclasses the other well when one side outclasses the other well when one side outclasses the other and Alexander certainly outclassed the and Alexander certainly outclassed the and Alexander certainly outclassed the trali those numbers may be you know trali those numbers may be you know trali those numbers may be you know closer than we think 3,000 deaths on the closer than we think 3,000 deaths on the closer than we think 3,000 deaths on the dbali side is not dbali side is not dbali side is not unbelievable the ancient source Aryan

unbelievable the ancient source Aryan unbelievable the ancient source Aryan did not give us even an attempt at army did not give us even an attempt at army did not give us even an attempt at army strengths all we know is that Alexander strengths all we know is that Alexander strengths all we know is that Alexander took a picked sort of smaller than took a picked sort of smaller than took a picked sort of smaller than normal force don't know how many tabali normal force don't know how many tabali normal force don't know how many tabali were there after Alexander defeats them were there after Alexander defeats them were there after Alexander defeats them we're told he's about a 3-day March from we're told he's about a 3-day March from we're told he's about a 3-day March from the danu he heads right for the danu he heads right for the danu he heads right for it the danu um is the second longest it the danu um is the second longest it the danu um is the second longest river in Europe but as far as these river in Europe but as far as these river in Europe but as far as these people are concerned it's the longest people are concerned it's the longest people are concerned it's the longest river it's the longest river they know river it's the longest river they know river it's the longest river they know about the vulga which is the longest about the vulga which is the longest about the vulga which is the longest river in Europe is deeper into what river in Europe is deeper into what river in Europe is deeper into what would the thran say it's deep into bee would the thran say it's deep into bee would the thran say it's deep into bee country swarms of bees out there can't country swarms of bees out there can't country swarms of bees out there can't live out there they don't even know the live out there they don't even know the live out there they don't even know the vulga exists and what they do know about vulga exists and what they do know about vulga exists and what they do know about the danu is that it's this big dividing the danu is that it's this big dividing the danu is that it's this big dividing line between civilized people on one line between civilized people on one line between civilized people on one side and very very very scary side and very very very scary side and very very very scary uncivilized people in air quotes on the uncivilized people in air quotes on the uncivilized people in air quotes on the other running the length by the way and other running the length by the way and other running the length by the way and the the tribes are just ever more you the the tribes are just ever more you the the tribes are just ever more you know one more nasty than the next up and know one more nasty than the next up and know one more nasty than the next up and down the river and as far as the Greeks down the river and as far as the Greeks down the river and as far as the Greeks and the Macedonian world is concerned and the Macedonian world is concerned and the Macedonian world is concerned they don't know too far up the river I they don't know too far up the river I they don't know too far up the river I mean they don't know that there are mean they don't know that there are mean they don't know that there are Germans you know farther along the danu Germans you know farther along the danu Germans you know farther along the danu the Romans are going to know that the Romans are going to know that the Romans are going to know that they'll still make the danu their border they'll still make the danu their border they'll still make the danu their border between you know where the Civilized between you know where the Civilized between you know where the Civilized people are and where the very scary people are and where the very scary people are and where the very scary scary people are on the other side scary people are on the other side scary people are on the other side Alexander's dad did not cross the danu Alexander's dad did not cross the danu Alexander's dad did not cross the danu right there that kind of makes Alexander right there that kind of makes Alexander right there that kind of makes Alexander want to do want to do want to do it he heads up towards this island that it he heads up towards this island that it he heads up towards this island that we told you the tabali king the king's we told you the tabali king the king's we told you the tabali king the king's Entourage the women the children other

Entourage the women the children other Entourage the women the children other War refugees from the area have sort of War refugees from the area have sort of War refugees from the area have sort of Taken refuge on this island in the danu Taken refuge on this island in the danu Taken refuge on this island in the danu and the danu has a bunch of these and the danu has a bunch of these and the danu has a bunch of these islands by the way and some are islands by the way and some are islands by the way and some are huge I looked them up one of them's like huge I looked them up one of them's like huge I looked them up one of them's like more than 30 Mi long so you get this more than 30 Mi long so you get this more than 30 Mi long so you get this idea of what amounts to Nature's kind of idea of what amounts to Nature's kind of idea of what amounts to Nature's kind of creation of a sort of a moat around this creation of a sort of a moat around this creation of a sort of a moat around this island that protects it and if you've island that protects it and if you've island that protects it and if you've got to people on the island think about got to people on the island think about got to people on the island think about what they're fighting for you have your what they're fighting for you have your what they're fighting for you have your wives you have your children you have wives you have your children you have wives you have your children you have all of your movable wealth you have your all of your movable wealth you have your all of your movable wealth you have your neighbors I mean every you're going to neighbors I mean every you're going to neighbors I mean every you're going to fight tooth and nail the current on the fight tooth and nail the current on the fight tooth and nail the current on the river is we are told fast this is not river is we are told fast this is not river is we are told fast this is not the same danu that exists today right the same danu that exists today right the same danu that exists today right this is you know think of all the canals this is you know think of all the canals this is you know think of all the canals and all the things that have been built and all the things that have been built and all the things that have been built by man up and down the stretch of this by man up and down the stretch of this by man up and down the stretch of this River over history this is pre all River over history this is pre all River over history this is pre all that this is one of the Great Rivers of that this is one of the Great Rivers of that this is one of the Great Rivers of the world in a period where it is wild the world in a period where it is wild the world in a period where it is wild and and and untamed and Alexander has to figure out untamed and Alexander has to figure out untamed and Alexander has to figure out a way to get across it if he wants to a way to get across it if he wants to a way to get across it if he wants to deal with these people on and island in deal with these people on and island in deal with these people on and island in the middle of the middle of the middle of it well as I was going to say fate would it well as I was going to say fate would it well as I was going to say fate would have it but it's really just wonderful have it but it's really just wonderful have it but it's really just wonderful planning there is a fleet there ready to planning there is a fleet there ready to planning there is a fleet there ready to be used by Alexander he set this up be used by Alexander he set this up be used by Alexander he set this up either he ordered it or he paid for it either he ordered it or he paid for it either he ordered it or he paid for it to leave the city of Byzantium are and to leave the city of Byzantium are and to leave the city of Byzantium are and says and meet him here might have had says and meet him here might have had says and meet him here might have had supplies might have had troops but maybe supplies might have had troops but maybe supplies might have had troops but maybe the most important thing that it has is the most important thing that it has is the most important thing that it has is it has Seaborn capacity right he can use

it has Seaborn capacity right he can use it has Seaborn capacity right he can use these ships to go after that island now these ships to go after that island now these ships to go after that island now to be honest it makes it sound like to be honest it makes it sound like to be honest it makes it sound like there's not that many of them but he there's not that many of them but he there's not that many of them but he tries anyway and he's defeated Aryan tries anyway and he's defeated Aryan tries anyway and he's defeated Aryan says by the swiftness of the current the says by the swiftness of the current the says by the swiftness of the current the sides of this island seem to be very sides of this island seem to be very sides of this island seem to be very Steep and Rocky and difficult to land Steep and Rocky and difficult to land Steep and Rocky and difficult to land and you can only imagine um thousands of and you can only imagine um thousands of and you can only imagine um thousands of people on this island fighting for people on this island fighting for people on this island fighting for everything trying to repel Alexander everything trying to repel Alexander everything trying to repel Alexander doggedly It's a combination that makes doggedly It's a combination that makes doggedly It's a combination that makes the the the prize Well maybe not worth what it's prize Well maybe not worth what it's prize Well maybe not worth what it's going to take to get the prize right not going to take to get the prize right not going to take to get the prize right not worth the cost meanwhile a completely worth the cost meanwhile a completely worth the cost meanwhile a completely new and different threat is manifesting new and different threat is manifesting new and different threat is manifesting on the far side of the on the far side of the on the far side of the danu tribal peoples from the you know danu tribal peoples from the you know danu tribal peoples from the you know Barbarian and air quotes areas are Barbarian and air quotes areas are Barbarian and air quotes areas are massing on the far side of the danu and massing on the far side of the danu and massing on the far side of the danu and basically offering a challenge to basically offering a challenge to basically offering a challenge to Alexander the people who are doing this Alexander the people who are doing this Alexander the people who are doing this are seemingly one of the innumerable are seemingly one of the innumerable are seemingly one of the innumerable tribes from ancient history where you go tribes from ancient history where you go tribes from ancient history where you go whatever became of them I've seen the whatever became of them I've seen the whatever became of them I've seen the name pronounced several different ways name pronounced several different ways name pronounced several different ways I'm not even consistent in the way I do I'm not even consistent in the way I do I'm not even consistent in the way I do it myself G G GT G it's the same root it myself G G GT G it's the same root it myself G G GT G it's the same root word for other peoples like the Mite or word for other peoples like the Mite or word for other peoples like the Mite or the the the MTI I've chosen to go with GTI myself MTI I've chosen to go with GTI myself MTI I've chosen to go with GTI myself but you know individual results May Vary but you know individual results May Vary but you know individual results May Vary on the pronunciation on the pronunciation on the pronunciation front and while many of us around the front and while many of us around the front and while many of us around the world may think this is just one of the world may think this is just one of the world may think this is just one of the many innumerable tribes we've never many innumerable tribes we've never many innumerable tribes we've never heard of that seemingly Phill anent heard of that seemingly Phill anent heard of that seemingly Phill anent history there are remaining peoples

history there are remaining peoples history there are remaining peoples today who consider these groups of today who consider these groups of today who consider these groups of people to be their ancestors so there is people to be their ancestors so there is people to be their ancestors so there is a connection in the region to these gy a connection in the region to these gy a connection in the region to these gy people the jury is out and knowing the people the jury is out and knowing the people the jury is out and knowing the circumstances probably this is a circumstances probably this is a circumstances probably this is a divisive topic but whether or not the divisive topic but whether or not the divisive topic but whether or not the GTI should be classified as thran or not GTI should be classified as thran or not GTI should be classified as thran or not is an open is an open is an open question Aryan says that they believe in question Aryan says that they believe in question Aryan says that they believe in immortality which would make them I immortality which would make them I immortality which would make them I guess different from most Rian tribes guess different from most Rian tribes guess different from most Rian tribes but that's one of the interesting points but that's one of the interesting points but that's one of the interesting points about about about about about about them uh they are numerous uh Aran puts them uh they are numerous uh Aran puts them uh they are numerous uh Aran puts the numbers that we you know of course the numbers that we you know of course the numbers that we you know of course can't believe because they're ancient can't believe because they're ancient can't believe because they're ancient history numbers but he says there's like history numbers but he says there's like history numbers but he says there's like 4,000 Horsemen and 8 to 10,000 infantry 4,000 Horsemen and 8 to 10,000 infantry 4,000 Horsemen and 8 to 10,000 infantry a significant Force especially up a significant Force especially up a significant Force especially up against Alexander's smaller than normal against Alexander's smaller than normal against Alexander's smaller than normal picked picked picked Force there's a number of reasons why Force there's a number of reasons why Force there's a number of reasons why they could be there they could be they could be there they could be they could be there they could be supporting their Nextdoor neighbors the supporting their Nextdoor neighbors the supporting their Nextdoor neighbors the tabali right helping them out a little tabali right helping them out a little tabali right helping them out a little bit they could be showing up as a way to bit they could be showing up as a way to bit they could be showing up as a way to say uh you don't get to co any farther say uh you don't get to co any farther say uh you don't get to co any farther right we have our military forces here right we have our military forces here right we have our military forces here that's as far as you go don't cross the that's as far as you go don't cross the that's as far as you go don't cross the river I was reading one historian had a river I was reading one historian had a river I was reading one historian had a great line who was explaining and we great line who was explaining and we great line who was explaining and we said this in earlier shows too I think said this in earlier shows too I think said this in earlier shows too I think we said it about the Mongols but there's we said it about the Mongols but there's we said it about the Mongols but there's something that can happen in ancient something that can happen in ancient something that can happen in ancient history that doesn't happen now which is history that doesn't happen now which is history that doesn't happen now which is that all of a sudden an armed army an that all of a sudden an armed army an that all of a sudden an armed army an armed force of people can show up in armed force of people can show up in armed force of people can show up in your lands that you don't even know your lands that you don't even know your lands that you don't even know exists and all of a sudden you can have exists and all of a sudden you can have exists and all of a sudden you can have a war with somebody you didn't even know a war with somebody you didn't even know a war with somebody you didn't even know about that's when the Mongols show up about that's when the Mongols show up about that's when the Mongols show up you're you're at war with this people you're you're at war with this people you're you're at war with this people you didn't even know they existed and you didn't even know they existed and you didn't even know they existed and this historian was saying that in a time

this historian was saying that in a time this historian was saying that in a time period where that was not uncommon period where that was not uncommon period where that was not uncommon simply getting everybody together armed simply getting everybody together armed simply getting everybody together armed and showing up at the edge of your land and showing up at the edge of your land and showing up at the edge of your land was a prudent precaution they don't know was a prudent precaution they don't know was a prudent precaution they don't know who this Alexander is uh and they're who this Alexander is uh and they're who this Alexander is uh and they're going to send a message which is we're going to send a message which is we're going to send a message which is we're ready so stay ready so stay ready so stay there if this move by the GTI was meant there if this move by the GTI was meant there if this move by the GTI was meant to be a challenge that would deter to be a challenge that would deter to be a challenge that would deter Alexander uh it had the opposite effect Alexander uh it had the opposite effect Alexander uh it had the opposite effect historian AB Bosworth says it was a historian AB Bosworth says it was a historian AB Bosworth says it was a mistake but it's at this moment moment mistake but it's at this moment moment mistake but it's at this moment moment in time that aryion introduces a concept in time that aryion introduces a concept in time that aryion introduces a concept to the alexandrian story that's going to to the alexandrian story that's going to to the alexandrian story that's going to run through it as one historian I was run through it as one historian I was run through it as one historian I was reading say it's it's a light Motif that reading say it's it's a light Motif that reading say it's it's a light Motif that runs through the entire Alexander runs through the entire Alexander runs through the entire Alexander Legend but is it real we're going to put Legend but is it real we're going to put Legend but is it real we're going to put on our suspicion caps to begin with um on our suspicion caps to begin with um on our suspicion caps to begin with um and ask ourselves you know whether we and ask ourselves you know whether we and ask ourselves you know whether we believe any of it but if we do believe believe any of it but if we do believe believe any of it but if we do believe some of it what do we do with it and how some of it what do we do with it and how some of it what do we do with it and how interesting is it that something that interesting is it that something that interesting is it that something that might be part of Alexander's might be part of Alexander's might be part of Alexander's psychological makeup might have made it psychological makeup might have made it psychological makeup might have made it through you know the spiritual through you know the spiritual through you know the spiritual historical storytelling Channeler that historical storytelling Channeler that historical storytelling Channeler that is Aryan to us now could we possibly is Aryan to us now could we possibly is Aryan to us now could we possibly know something about this man who lived know something about this man who lived know something about this man who lived 2,300 2400 years 2,300 2400 years 2,300 2400 years ago at this moment that Alexander is ago at this moment that Alexander is ago at this moment that Alexander is dealing with the tribali on this island dealing with the tribali on this island dealing with the tribali on this island and these tribal peoples are now massing and these tribal peoples are now massing and these tribal peoples are now massing on the far Bank we are told that on the far Bank we are told that on the far Bank we are told that Alexander gets Alexander gets Alexander gets hit with a sort of longing hit with a sort of longing hit with a sort of longing the Greek word that's used by Aryan is

the Greek word that's used by Aryan is the Greek word that's used by Aryan is poos and it like so many of these poos and it like so many of these poos and it like so many of these philosophical Greek ideas you can use 12 philosophical Greek ideas you can use 12 philosophical Greek ideas you can use 12 15 different English words to try to 15 different English words to try to 15 different English words to try to describe what it means and still not hit describe what it means and still not hit describe what it means and still not hit the bullseye with the bullseye with the bullseye with it all of my translations of Aryan have it all of my translations of Aryan have it all of my translations of Aryan have a footnote or an asterik right by the a footnote or an asterik right by the a footnote or an asterik right by the first time that this is mentioned to try first time that this is mentioned to try first time that this is mentioned to try to explain to explain to explain it in the Martin Hammond translation he it in the Martin Hammond translation he it in the Martin Hammond translation he describes it describes it describes it and translates the word poos to a Yen and translates the word poos to a Yen and translates the word poos to a Yen Alexander gets a yen in the Aubry Dellin Alexander gets a yen in the Aubry Dellin Alexander gets a yen in the Aubry Dellin cord translation he says that the idea cord translation he says that the idea cord translation he says that the idea of landing on the far Bank of the danu of landing on the far Bank of the danu of landing on the far Bank of the danu quote suddenly seemed attractive end quote suddenly seemed attractive end quote suddenly seemed attractive end quote to Alexander And Pamela mench says quote to Alexander And Pamela mench says quote to Alexander And Pamela mench says that a longing seized him to pass beyond that a longing seized him to pass beyond that a longing seized him to pass beyond the danu a longing so I looked it up the danu a longing so I looked it up the danu a longing so I looked it up tried to understand it as best I could tried to understand it as best I could tried to understand it as best I could normally it's like a sexual thing like normally it's like a sexual thing like normally it's like a sexual thing like like the way some teenage uh boy for like the way some teenage uh boy for like the way some teenage uh boy for example would feel about some example would feel about some example would feel about some unattainable girl and that's sort of unattainable girl and that's sort of unattainable girl and that's sort of aching and and yearning but in the way aching and and yearning but in the way aching and and yearning but in the way it's used for Alexander Peter Green says it's used for Alexander Peter Green says it's used for Alexander Peter Green says it's not used that way for any other it's not used that way for any other it's not used that way for any other person in history in 1970 he tried to person in history in 1970 he tried to person in history in 1970 he tried to explain this poos thing that appears for explain this poos thing that appears for explain this poos thing that appears for the first time in the writings when the first time in the writings when the first time in the writings when these G tribes men appear on the far these G tribes men appear on the far these G tribes men appear on the far Bank of the danu and Peter Green in Bank of the danu and Peter Green in Bank of the danu and Peter Green in Alexander of Macedonia writes quote Alexander of Macedonia writes quote Alexander of Macedonia writes quote meanwhile a vast horde of guy Nomads meanwhile a vast horde of guy Nomads meanwhile a vast horde of guy Nomads some 4,000 Horsemen in between two and

some 4,000 Horsemen in between two and some 4,000 Horsemen in between two and three times that number on foot had three times that number on foot had three times that number on foot had appeared on the far side of the danu yet appeared on the far side of the danu yet appeared on the far side of the danu yet it was now despite their presence that it was now despite their presence that it was now despite their presence that Alexander found himself seized by a Alexander found himself seized by a Alexander found himself seized by a quote and quote irresistible urge to quote and quote irresistible urge to quote and quote irresistible urge to cross the river if bed by the difficult cross the river if bed by the difficult cross the river if bed by the difficult he means taking that island in the he means taking that island in the he means taking that island in the middle of the danu from the tribali try middle of the danu from the tribali try middle of the danu from the tribali try the impossible the Greek word for this the impossible the Greek word for this the impossible the Greek word for this urge is poos it recurs throughout urge is poos it recurs throughout urge is poos it recurs throughout Alexandri Life as a quote longing for Alexandri Life as a quote longing for Alexandri Life as a quote longing for things not yet Within Reach for the things not yet Within Reach for the things not yet Within Reach for the unknown far distant unattained green unknown far distant unattained green unknown far distant unattained green continues and it is so used of no other continues and it is so used of no other continues and it is so used of no other person in the ancient world poos in this person in the ancient world poos in this person in the ancient world poos in this sense is an individual characteristic sense is an individual characteristic sense is an individual characteristic peculiar to Alexander end peculiar to Alexander end peculiar to Alexander end quote in my Aubrey deselen cor quote in my Aubrey deselen cor quote in my Aubrey deselen cor translation the note for poos when it translation the note for poos when it translation the note for poos when it appears in this part of the story has appears in this part of the story has appears in this part of the story has another sort of description and it says another sort of description and it says another sort of description and it says quote this is the first occurrence in quote this is the first occurrence in quote this is the first occurrence in Aryan of the word pothos longing Aryan of the word pothos longing Aryan of the word pothos longing yearning which he and other Alexander yearning which he and other Alexander yearning which he and other Alexander historians use to describe the desire to historians use to describe the desire to historians use to describe the desire to penetrate into the unknown and penetrate into the unknown and penetrate into the unknown and investigate the mysterious Victor investigate the mysterious Victor investigate the mysterious Victor aronberg in Alexander and the Greeks aronberg in Alexander and the Greeks aronberg in Alexander and the Greeks argues that the word was used by argues that the word was used by argues that the word was used by Alexander himself the present passage Alexander himself the present passage Alexander himself the present passage however he regards as an exception end however he regards as an exception end however he regards as an exception end quote wouldn't that be interesting in if quote wouldn't that be interesting in if quote wouldn't that be interesting in if this is a word Alexander Used himself this is a word Alexander Used himself this is a word Alexander Used himself about his own longings and yearnings to

about his own longings and yearnings to about his own longings and yearnings to continually go farther and where those continually go farther and where those continually go farther and where those longings and yearnings in some other longings and yearnings in some other longings and yearnings in some other young male his age might have referred young male his age might have referred young male his age might have referred to some unattainable young lady he to some unattainable young lady he to some unattainable young lady he couldn't marry or what not in this case couldn't marry or what not in this case couldn't marry or what not in this case it's about that you know River and it's about that you know River and it's about that you know River and what's beyond it that his dad never what's beyond it that his dad never what's beyond it that his dad never managed to cross and it's weird because managed to cross and it's weird because managed to cross and it's weird because there's three sort of psychological there's three sort of psychological there's three sort of psychological aspects to Alexander's life that are aspects to Alexander's life that are aspects to Alexander's life that are often talked about often talked about often talked about and I I sat down and I drew a circle for and I I sat down and I drew a circle for and I I sat down and I drew a circle for each one and in a VIN diagram like way each one and in a VIN diagram like way each one and in a VIN diagram like way with three of them they sort of overlap with three of them they sort of overlap with three of them they sort of overlap one of them is ambition which I'm fully one of them is ambition which I'm fully one of them is ambition which I'm fully qualified in understanding because we qualified in understanding because we qualified in understanding because we can all understand that the other is can all understand that the other is can all understand that the other is poos which I'm not qualified to poos which I'm not qualified to poos which I'm not qualified to understand and the third is something understand and the third is something understand and the third is something called ER which I'm also not qualified called ER which I'm also not qualified called ER which I'm also not qualified to understand but when you do a little to understand but when you do a little to understand but when you do a little work just to learn the basics you work just to learn the basics you work just to learn the basics you realize okay these three things are realize okay these three things are realize okay these three things are overlapping with each other and sort of overlapping with each other and sort of overlapping with each other and sort of energizing each other the energizing each other the energizing each other the ambition let's take that out for a ambition let's take that out for a ambition let's take that out for a second just look look at poos and er second just look look at poos and er second just look look at poos and er poos this desire to always go farther poos this desire to always go farther poos this desire to always go farther right to explore strange new worlds to right to explore strange new worlds to right to explore strange new worlds to seek out new life and new civilizations seek out new life and new civilizations seek out new life and new civilizations to boldly go where no man has gone to boldly go where no man has gone to boldly go where no man has gone before and yes a few of you will know before and yes a few of you will know before and yes a few of you will know there's one degree of separation between there's one degree of separation between there's one degree of separation between Captain Kirk and Alexander the Great Captain Kirk and Alexander the Great Captain Kirk and Alexander the Great because William Shatner played Alexander because William Shatner played Alexander because William Shatner played Alexander in a TV movie it was in a TV movie it was in a TV movie it was horrifying what might be better is to horrifying what might be better is to horrifying what might be better is to have Alexander the Great come back and have Alexander the Great come back and have Alexander the Great come back and play James play James play James Kirk but if you're making your Alexander Kirk but if you're making your Alexander Kirk but if you're making your Alexander movie and the star that you cast in the movie and the star that you cast in the movie and the star that you cast in the Alexander role turns to you and gives Alexander role turns to you and gives Alexander role turns to you and gives you that famous comedic uh actor

you that famous comedic uh actor you that famous comedic uh actor question Trope and says to the director question Trope and says to the director question Trope and says to the director you hey what's my motivation here you you hey what's my motivation here you you hey what's my motivation here you know what's what's Alexander doing this know what's what's Alexander doing this know what's what's Alexander doing this for well he's got this posos to continue for well he's got this posos to continue for well he's got this posos to continue to explore strange new worlds and he's to explore strange new worlds and he's to explore strange new worlds and he's got this need to be excellent this ER got this need to be excellent this ER got this need to be excellent this ER this AR thing is is seen a sort of a this AR thing is is seen a sort of a this AR thing is is seen a sort of a Resurgence lately among some people but Resurgence lately among some people but Resurgence lately among some people but in the writings that I was reading it in the writings that I was reading it in the writings that I was reading it basically if we're going to simplify and basically if we're going to simplify and basically if we're going to simplify and encapsulate it it's trying to figure out encapsulate it it's trying to figure out encapsulate it it's trying to figure out what your purpose is what you were born what your purpose is what you were born what your purpose is what you were born to do uh if this was a Christian version to do uh if this was a Christian version to do uh if this was a Christian version of this you would say what did the good of this you would say what did the good of this you would say what did the good Lord you know make you and set out your Lord you know make you and set out your Lord you know make you and set out your purpose and give you the qualities to purpose and give you the qualities to purpose and give you the qualities to succeed at you know find out what you're succeed at you know find out what you're succeed at you know find out what you're good at and then do it excellently right good at and then do it excellently right good at and then do it excellently right become the best at doing it if you're a become the best at doing it if you're a become the best at doing it if you're a a guarder be the best Gardener ever a guarder be the best Gardener ever a guarder be the best Gardener ever right if you if you're born to dance be right if you if you're born to dance be right if you if you're born to dance be the best dancer ever right figure out the best dancer ever right figure out the best dancer ever right figure out what you're supposed to do and then just what you're supposed to do and then just what you're supposed to do and then just be the best at it but if you boil down be the best at it but if you boil down be the best at it but if you boil down what it is Alexander's born to do and what it is Alexander's born to do and what it is Alexander's born to do and what he's good at it can become a little what he's good at it can become a little what he's good at it can become a little troubling not if you think about it in troubling not if you think about it in troubling not if you think about it in the sort of the zoom out sense greatest the sort of the zoom out sense greatest the sort of the zoom out sense greatest conqueror in history that sounds like conqueror in history that sounds like conqueror in history that sounds like something you get an award something you get an award something you get an award for but when you look at what that means for but when you look at what that means for but when you look at what that means in the alexandrian sense right Factor it in the alexandrian sense right Factor it in the alexandrian sense right Factor it down to the lowest common denominator down to the lowest common denominator down to the lowest common denominator what is Alexander really good what is Alexander really good what is Alexander really good at there is a story and I at there is a story and I at there is a story and I maybe I invented it that's a good way to maybe I invented it that's a good way to maybe I invented it that's a good way to be able to tell this story without be able to tell this story without be able to tell this story without having to find out where I first read it having to find out where I first read it having to find out where I first read it I think it was in military history I think it was in military history I think it was in military history magazine I tried to search for it I

magazine I tried to search for it I magazine I tried to search for it I could not find it so take it with a could not find it so take it with a could not find it so take it with a grain of salt and it may be a press grain of salt and it may be a press grain of salt and it may be a press relations thing to begin with but there relations thing to begin with but there relations thing to begin with but there was a story involving British Field was a story involving British Field was a story involving British Field Marshal Bernard Marshal Bernard Marshal Bernard Montgomery and he was meeting with some Montgomery and he was meeting with some Montgomery and he was meeting with some boy like I said maybe a press relations boy like I said maybe a press relations boy like I said maybe a press relations thing a young 78y old boy whatever it thing a young 78y old boy whatever it thing a young 78y old boy whatever it was and long story short the boy had was and long story short the boy had was and long story short the boy had said to the field Marshall at one point said to the field Marshall at one point said to the field Marshall at one point you know to and American looks like a you know to and American looks like a you know to and American looks like a very civilized typical um you know very civilized typical um you know very civilized typical um you know British officer unlike the American type British officer unlike the American type British officer unlike the American type much more you know sort of reserved a much more you know sort of reserved a much more you know sort of reserved a gentile quality maybe to him which might gentile quality maybe to him which might gentile quality maybe to him which might maybe belies the true character or maybe belies the true character or maybe belies the true character or nature of the guy but the kid says to nature of the guy but the kid says to nature of the guy but the kid says to the field Marshal you know what his dad the field Marshal you know what his dad the field Marshal you know what his dad does tells him all about his father and does tells him all about his father and does tells him all about his father and then the says the field Marshall and then the says the field Marshall and then the says the field Marshall and what is it you do and the field Marshall what is it you do and the field Marshall what is it you do and the field Marshall replied something to the effect of I replied something to the effect of I replied something to the effect of I kill kill kill people and I think the boy said people and I think the boy said people and I think the boy said something like you kill people do you something like you kill people do you something like you kill people do you kill a lot of people oh yes lots and kill a lot of people oh yes lots and kill a lot of people oh yes lots and lots of people lots of people lots of people and the reason it sticks with you is and the reason it sticks with you is and the reason it sticks with you is because it's so offbrand at least the because it's so offbrand at least the because it's so offbrand at least the way an American would see the brand now way an American would see the brand now way an American would see the brand now if ivory handled pistol wearing American if ivory handled pistol wearing American if ivory handled pistol wearing American General George Patton had said that it's General George Patton had said that it's General George Patton had said that it's fully on brand it's contrived almost if fully on brand it's contrived almost if fully on brand it's contrived almost if Patton says it right whereas in Patton says it right whereas in Patton says it right whereas in Montgomery it's a little shocking but I Montgomery it's a little shocking but I Montgomery it's a little shocking but I remember it stuck in my head because the remember it stuck in my head because the remember it stuck in my head because the truth of the matter is as we said if we truth of the matter is as we said if we truth of the matter is as we said if we boil this down to the lowest common boil this down to the lowest common boil this down to the lowest common denominator that's what this guy does denominator that's what this guy does denominator that's what this guy does and everything else that he's given and everything else that he's given and everything else that he's given credit for flows from there right what credit for flows from there right what credit for flows from there right what do you do I conquer Nations well how do you do I conquer Nations well how do you do I conquer Nations well how does that work boom boom boom Factor it does that work boom boom boom Factor it does that work boom boom boom Factor it down well I have the best army utilize

down well I have the best army utilize down well I have the best army utilize the best way um and I know exactly how the best way um and I know exactly how the best way um and I know exactly how to make people run away on the to make people run away on the to make people run away on the battlefield and then how to kill as many battlefield and then how to kill as many battlefield and then how to kill as many of them as I can while they're running of them as I can while they're running of them as I can while they're running and that has great geopolitical impact and that has great geopolitical impact and that has great geopolitical impact importance and importance and importance and effects I kill people and I believe I effects I kill people and I believe I effects I kill people and I believe I was born to do it and my philosophical was born to do it and my philosophical was born to do it and my philosophical beliefs handed down to me if not by The beliefs handed down to me if not by The beliefs handed down to me if not by The Iliad which has been called the bble of Iliad which has been called the bble of Iliad which has been called the bble of the ancient Greeks uh then by Aristotle the ancient Greeks uh then by Aristotle the ancient Greeks uh then by Aristotle himself who talked about things like ARA himself who talked about things like ARA himself who talked about things like ARA would have been bred into him his would have been bred into him his would have been bred into him his homeric values at Philip II's Court homeric values at Philip II's Court homeric values at Philip II's Court would have BR it into him I mean this would have BR it into him I mean this would have BR it into him I mean this guy's going to believe in being guy's going to believe in being guy's going to believe in being excellent at what you're born to do and excellent at what you're born to do and excellent at what you're born to do and what this guy is born to do clearly what this guy is born to do clearly what this guy is born to do clearly because many of you will have him ranked because many of you will have him ranked because many of you will have him ranked as the best to ever do it is to kill as the best to ever do it is to kill as the best to ever do it is to kill people and then reap the people and then reap the people and then reap the many geopolitical and historical many geopolitical and historical many geopolitical and historical benefits that comes from that benefits that comes from that benefits that comes from that and if this is kind of Alexander's and if this is kind of Alexander's and if this is kind of Alexander's superpower if you will like other superpower if you will like other superpower if you will like other superpowers it's sort of value neutral superpowers it's sort of value neutral superpowers it's sort of value neutral depends on how you use it right whether depends on how you use it right whether depends on how you use it right whether it's good or evil which I think leads to it's good or evil which I think leads to it's good or evil which I think leads to so many of the so many of the so many of the questions about Alexander I mean this is questions about Alexander I mean this is questions about Alexander I mean this is all part of maybe a search to answer the all part of maybe a search to answer the all part of maybe a search to answer the all elusive question of all elusive question of all elusive question of why why is Alexander doing this what is why why is Alexander doing this what is why why is Alexander doing this what is my motivation as we said and maybe my motivation as we said and maybe my motivation as we said and maybe inventing poos and ER and all this sort inventing poos and ER and all this sort inventing poos and ER and all this sort of stuff is an attempt to explain of stuff is an attempt to explain of stuff is an attempt to explain something that's very hard to understand something that's very hard to understand something that's very hard to understand otherwise and really influences the guy

otherwise and really influences the guy otherwise and really influences the guy because I mean the ability to be a super because I mean the ability to be a super because I mean the ability to be a super killer in a battlefield General sense is killer in a battlefield General sense is killer in a battlefield General sense is something that's the kind of superpower something that's the kind of superpower something that's the kind of superpower you might want to have on your side at you might want to have on your side at you might want to have on your side at one time or another it doesn't have to one time or another it doesn't have to one time or another it doesn't have to be some Global conqueror that enslaves be some Global conqueror that enslaves be some Global conqueror that enslaves people and and rolls over you know people and and rolls over you know people and and rolls over you know Villages and towns and destroys the Villages and towns and destroys the Villages and towns and destroys the Lively of lots of people it can be the Lively of lots of people it can be the Lively of lots of people it can be the thing that prevents that you can be on thing that prevents that you can be on thing that prevents that you can be on the other side some small little Nation the other side some small little Nation the other side some small little Nation out there about to be trampled by some out there about to be trampled by some out there about to be trampled by some giant power and all of a sudden you have giant power and all of a sudden you have giant power and all of a sudden you have somebody with Alexander the Great's somebody with Alexander the Great's somebody with Alexander the Great's generalship qualities as their generalship qualities as their generalship qualities as their superpower right and they have a superpower right and they have a superpower right and they have a philosophy of what would the Marine philosophy of what would the Marine philosophy of what would the Marine commercial or is the Army commercials commercial or is the Army commercials commercial or is the Army commercials from when I was growing up you be be all from when I was growing up you be be all from when I was growing up you be be all you can be sort of an AIT idea you can be sort of an AIT idea you can be sort of an AIT idea right like to have that guy on your side right like to have that guy on your side right like to have that guy on your side if if you're about to be swallowed up by if if you're about to be swallowed up by if if you're about to be swallowed up by some giant nation state right so it just some giant nation state right so it just some giant nation state right so it just depends and everyone understands that depends and everyone understands that depends and everyone understands that which is why so much of a focus is on which is why so much of a focus is on which is why so much of a focus is on the question of why right if Alexander's the question of why right if Alexander's the question of why right if Alexander's all of a sudden about to unleash his all of a sudden about to unleash his all of a sudden about to unleash his superpower on somebody why is he doing superpower on somebody why is he doing superpower on somebody why is he doing it what's the it what's the it what's the reason because if he's about to do what reason because if he's about to do what reason because if he's about to do what he's about to do to these guy tribesmen he's about to do to these guy tribesmen he's about to do to these guy tribesmen on the opposite side of the danu because on the opposite side of the danu because on the opposite side of the danu because he has a Yen or a longing for the he has a Yen or a longing for the he has a Yen or a longing for the unattainable or has an adolescent like unattainable or has an adolescent like unattainable or has an adolescent like crush on the idea of getting across a crush on the idea of getting across a crush on the idea of getting across a river his dad never crossed that's a river his dad never crossed that's a river his dad never crossed that's a pretty flimsy reason to kill a lot of pretty flimsy reason to kill a lot of pretty flimsy reason to kill a lot of people and take their stuff especially people and take their stuff especially people and take their stuff especially in their

in their in their territory AB Bosworth will call it territory AB Bosworth will call it territory AB Bosworth will call it terroristic on the other hand there are terroristic on the other hand there are terroristic on the other hand there are sound military reasons for doing what sound military reasons for doing what sound military reasons for doing what he's about to do and those who would he's about to do and those who would he's about to do and those who would defend the action even today would point defend the action even today would point defend the action even today would point out that what happens afterwards proves out that what happens afterwards proves out that what happens afterwards proves this fact this fact this fact conclusively but what we're told conclusively but what we're told conclusively but what we're told Alexander does is something that the gy Alexander does is something that the gy Alexander does is something that the gy tribesmen on the opposite side of the tribesmen on the opposite side of the tribesmen on the opposite side of the danu probably thought danu probably thought danu probably thought impossible he transports thousands of impossible he transports thousands of impossible he transports thousands of men and horses across the river in a men and horses across the river in a men and horses across the river in a single night and seemingly without the single night and seemingly without the single night and seemingly without the guti even noticing that it's guti even noticing that it's guti even noticing that it's happening according to Ary and Alexander happening according to Ary and Alexander happening according to Ary and Alexander uses the boats that he brought from uses the boats that he brought from uses the boats that he brought from Byzantium that's probably how the horses Byzantium that's probably how the horses Byzantium that's probably how the horses get across but he also has his people get across but he also has his people get across but he also has his people scour the rivers Riverbank and we're scour the rivers Riverbank and we're scour the rivers Riverbank and we're told that there are dugout type canoes told that there are dugout type canoes told that there are dugout type canoes all around that the locals use and those all around that the locals use and those all around that the locals use and those are all are all are all scoured and then Alexander tells his scoured and then Alexander tells his scoured and then Alexander tells his troops to take the tents that they sleep troops to take the tents that they sleep troops to take the tents that they sleep under fill them with straw and use them under fill them with straw and use them under fill them with straw and use them to float across the river which seems to float across the river which seems to float across the river which seems terrifying and deadly to me yet I have terrifying and deadly to me yet I have terrifying and deadly to me yet I have seen and many of you have to probably seen and many of you have to probably seen and many of you have to probably the reliefs showing Assyrian troops the reliefs showing Assyrian troops the reliefs showing Assyrian troops doing this exact same thing hundreds of doing this exact same thing hundreds of doing this exact same thing hundreds of years before this time period and again years before this time period and again years before this time period and again Arion knows what he's talking about in Arion knows what he's talking about in Arion knows what he's talking about in military Affairs he would have said military Affairs he would have said military Affairs he would have said something maybe instead what Aran says something maybe instead what Aran says something maybe instead what Aran says happens is that Alexander in the course happens is that Alexander in the course happens is that Alexander in the course of a single evening utilizing all these of a single evening utilizing all these of a single evening utilizing all these methods manages to get 1500 Cavalry and methods manages to get 1500 Cavalry and methods manages to get 1500 Cavalry and 4,000 infantry across this mightiest of

4,000 infantry across this mightiest of 4,000 infantry across this mightiest of rivers and to do so apparently without rivers and to do so apparently without rivers and to do so apparently without alerting any of the thousands of guy alerting any of the thousands of guy alerting any of the thousands of guy tribesmen that are on the lookout for tribesmen that are on the lookout for tribesmen that are on the lookout for him that he's doing him that he's doing him that he's doing it we are told by aryion that Alexander it we are told by aryion that Alexander it we are told by aryion that Alexander lands in a spit of land that's sort of lands in a spit of land that's sort of lands in a spit of land that's sort of concealed by a grain field ready to be concealed by a grain field ready to be concealed by a grain field ready to be harvested so imagine you know the wheat harvested so imagine you know the wheat harvested so imagine you know the wheat or whatever it is taller than a man able or whatever it is taller than a man able or whatever it is taller than a man able to conceal the to conceal the to conceal the Army Aran say Alexander forms his troops Army Aran say Alexander forms his troops Army Aran say Alexander forms his troops up basically in formation including up basically in formation including up basically in formation including Cavalry but the main group being the Cavalry but the main group being the Cavalry but the main group being the fail lank shoulder-to-shoulder and fail lank shoulder-to-shoulder and fail lank shoulder-to-shoulder and Alexander orders that his troops hold Alexander orders that his troops hold Alexander orders that his troops hold their 17 18 19t long Pikes whatever it their 17 18 19t long Pikes whatever it their 17 18 19t long Pikes whatever it is diagonally you know at an angle so is diagonally you know at an angle so is diagonally you know at an angle so that as they March they are siing and that as they March they are siing and that as they March they are siing and knocking down the Harvest uh hunger in knocking down the Harvest uh hunger in knocking down the Harvest uh hunger in military Affairs is an age-old weapon military Affairs is an age-old weapon military Affairs is an age-old weapon isn't it and extra effective against isn't it and extra effective against isn't it and extra effective against tribal peoples operating so close to the tribal peoples operating so close to the tribal peoples operating so close to the edge of starvation right one bad thing edge of starvation right one bad thing edge of starvation right one bad thing happens to the Harvest and you could be happens to the Harvest and you could be happens to the Harvest and you could be screwed Alexander marching through your screwed Alexander marching through your screwed Alexander marching through your Harvest is as bad as it gets and Arion Harvest is as bad as it gets and Arion Harvest is as bad as it gets and Arion makes it sound like the first moment makes it sound like the first moment makes it sound like the first moment that the gy notice that Alexander has that the gy notice that Alexander has that the gy notice that Alexander has crossed is when his army emerges from crossed is when his army emerges from crossed is when his army emerges from the grainfield like some horrific the grainfield like some horrific the grainfield like some horrific version of Field of Dreams right but version of Field of Dreams right but version of Field of Dreams right but instead of baseball players it's the instead of baseball players it's the instead of baseball players it's the nastiest Army of the age nastiest Army of the age nastiest Army of the age emerge from this grain field and emerge from this grain field and emerge from this grain field and basically come at you I mean that's basically come at you I mean that's basically come at you I mean that's shock and awe ancient history style shock and awe ancient history style shock and awe ancient history style right and those of us who like ancient right and those of us who like ancient right and those of us who like ancient medieval history there are so many medieval history there are so many medieval history there are so many psychological aspects that are

psychological aspects that are psychological aspects that are interesting and and these psychological interesting and and these psychological interesting and and these psychological aspects still exist in Modern Warfare aspects still exist in Modern Warfare aspects still exist in Modern Warfare don't get me wrong but they're so don't get me wrong but they're so don't get me wrong but they're so enhanced when everyone is so close enhanced when everyone is so close enhanced when everyone is so close together right it's why you have so many together right it's why you have so many together right it's why you have so many of the same aspects in like The Iliad or of the same aspects in like The Iliad or of the same aspects in like The Iliad or that level of warfare that one might that level of warfare that one might that level of warfare that one might have seen in caveman Warfare or or have seen in caveman Warfare or or have seen in caveman Warfare or or Animal Kingdom type encounters where you Animal Kingdom type encounters where you Animal Kingdom type encounters where you have these animals that have evolved to have these animals that have evolved to have these animals that have evolved to make themselves look bigger or Puff make themselves look bigger or Puff make themselves look bigger or Puff themselves out or make some scary noise themselves out or make some scary noise themselves out or make some scary noise or whatever as a way to sort of or whatever as a way to sort of or whatever as a way to sort of psychologically uh scare their opponents psychologically uh scare their opponents psychologically uh scare their opponents right intimidate their opponents it's right intimidate their opponents it's right intimidate their opponents it's why even in the Napoleonic era you have why even in the Napoleonic era you have why even in the Napoleonic era you have this headgear that makes you look taller this headgear that makes you look taller this headgear that makes you look taller why would you want that it's more why would you want that it's more why would you want that it's more intimidating you have that kind of intimidating you have that kind of intimidating you have that kind of headgear in this era also war paint you headgear in this era also war paint you headgear in this era also war paint you have animal skins and animal heads that have animal skins and animal heads that have animal skins and animal heads that people wear battlecries are everpresent people wear battlecries are everpresent people wear battlecries are everpresent and it makes sense when you think about and it makes sense when you think about and it makes sense when you think about the fact that you know Ancient Warfare the fact that you know Ancient Warfare the fact that you know Ancient Warfare in this period is like taking a football in this period is like taking a football in this period is like taking a football stadium or a soccer arena and taking stadium or a soccer arena and taking stadium or a soccer arena and taking that crowd dividing it in half and then that crowd dividing it in half and then that crowd dividing it in half and then putting it on opposite sides of a putting it on opposite sides of a putting it on opposite sides of a football field or two or three so football field or two or three so football field or two or three so they're not hurting each other currently they're not hurting each other currently they're not hurting each other currently but they can see each other and they can but they can see each other and they can but they can see each other and they can scream and chant and yell things like scream and chant and yell things like scream and chant and yell things like football fans might football fans might football fans might the ancient authors talk about the ancient authors talk about the ancient authors talk about battlecries that are specifically battlecries that are specifically battlecries that are specifically associated with certain cities or associated with certain cities or associated with certain cities or certain peoples right they have their certain peoples right they have their certain peoples right they have their own and they pass it down through own and they pass it down through own and they pass it down through generations it's like a football team uh generations it's like a football team uh generations it's like a football team uh having you know chant that they've done having you know chant that they've done having you know chant that they've done since their Grandfather's Day or since their Grandfather's Day or since their Grandfather's Day or whatever they're known for and some of whatever they're known for and some of whatever they're known for and some of the ancient authors actually try to

the ancient authors actually try to the ancient authors actually try to phonetically in their text you know phonetically in their text you know phonetically in their text you know sound it out for you so you could sort sound it out for you so you could sort sound it out for you so you could sort of imagine what it was like to hear the of imagine what it was like to hear the of imagine what it was like to hear the Thracians or the um the German tribesmen Thracians or the um the German tribesmen Thracians or the um the German tribesmen of a certain tribe do their famous you of a certain tribe do their famous you of a certain tribe do their famous you know war chant whatever it might be but know war chant whatever it might be but know war chant whatever it might be but a lot of this is intend to intimidate a lot of this is intend to intimidate a lot of this is intend to intimidate and when you understand you know as the and when you understand you know as the and when you understand you know as the Greeks used to say Phobos the god of Greeks used to say Phobos the god of Greeks used to say Phobos the god of fear is ever present on the battlefield fear is ever present on the battlefield fear is ever present on the battlefield a lot of people here are just barely a lot of people here are just barely a lot of people here are just barely holding it together holding it together holding it together psychologically and you know that this psychologically and you know that this psychologically and you know that this is true because things happened in the is true because things happened in the is true because things happened in the ancient era that you don't often see in ancient era that you don't often see in ancient era that you don't often see in the more modern era to the same degree I the more modern era to the same degree I the more modern era to the same degree I mean there are units that just run mean there are units that just run mean there are units that just run before anybody touches them zenfon in before anybody touches them zenfon in before anybody touches them zenfon in the original anabasis which um Arion is the original anabasis which um Arion is the original anabasis which um Arion is such a huge fan of zenam was a general such a huge fan of zenam was a general such a huge fan of zenam was a general who fought with Greek troops in a who fought with Greek troops in a who fought with Greek troops in a Persian Civil War and he talks about you Persian Civil War and he talks about you Persian Civil War and he talks about you know when the enemy first approaches and know when the enemy first approaches and know when the enemy first approaches and you see the giant dust clouds and the you see the giant dust clouds and the you see the giant dust clouds and the innumerable number of people and a giant innumerable number of people and a giant innumerable number of people and a giant unit is coming towards them and all of a unit is coming towards them and all of a unit is coming towards them and all of a sudden you know sees their Spears from a sudden you know sees their Spears from a sudden you know sees their Spears from a distance and turns around and runs never distance and turns around and runs never distance and turns around and runs never even comes into contact it's sort of the even comes into contact it's sort of the even comes into contact it's sort of the dirty little secret of ancient medieval dirty little secret of ancient medieval dirty little secret of ancient medieval warfare right a lot of units just didn't warfare right a lot of units just didn't warfare right a lot of units just didn't wait wait wait around and that's because the around and that's because the around and that's because the psychological state of people in sorts psychological state of people in sorts psychological state of people in sorts of situation is um of situation is um of situation is um fragile and part of that is the yin and fragile and part of that is the yin and fragile and part of that is the yin and yang of the situation the yin which sort yang of the situation the yin which sort yang of the situation the yin which sort of compels you to move forward right of compels you to move forward right of compels you to move forward right doing your duty fighting for your doing your duty fighting for your doing your duty fighting for your Homeland not wanting to be punished by Homeland not wanting to be punished by Homeland not wanting to be punished by your superiors all those things that your superiors all those things that your superiors all those things that make you capable of going you know

make you capable of going you know make you capable of going you know toe-to-toe against the enemy but then toe-to-toe against the enemy but then toe-to-toe against the enemy but then there's the Yang side of things certain there's the Yang side of things certain there's the Yang side of things certain realities reality number one is if the realities reality number one is if the realities reality number one is if the unit decides to run and you don't trust unit decides to run and you don't trust unit decides to run and you don't trust these bastards on either side of you not these bastards on either side of you not these bastards on either side of you not to run but if they run the people that to run but if they run the people that to run but if they run the people that get it in the back first are the bravest get it in the back first are the bravest get it in the back first are the bravest who Stay the Longest right so you sort who Stay the Longest right so you sort who Stay the Longest right so you sort of have a psychological encouragement to of have a psychological encouragement to of have a psychological encouragement to neither be the first one to run nor the neither be the first one to run nor the neither be the first one to run nor the last one to run but what can happen is last one to run but what can happen is last one to run but what can happen is you can be psychologically knocked off you can be psychologically knocked off you can be psychologically knocked off balance and I would think that this balance and I would think that this balance and I would think that this would be a tool in the tool box of a would be a tool in the tool box of a would be a tool in the tool box of a legendary commander and you see it with legendary commander and you see it with legendary commander and you see it with other commanders too Hannibal did this other commanders too Hannibal did this other commanders too Hannibal did this to the Romans constantly in the Punic to the Romans constantly in the Punic to the Romans constantly in the Punic Wars Right Where You awe them and then Wars Right Where You awe them and then Wars Right Where You awe them and then you follow up by Shocking them there's a you follow up by Shocking them there's a you follow up by Shocking them there's a term in Warfare and u war games for term in Warfare and u war games for term in Warfare and u war games for example a unit that faces a example a unit that faces a example a unit that faces a psychological moment like this can be psychological moment like this can be psychological moment like this can be said to be shaken that's the term the said to be shaken that's the term the said to be shaken that's the term the unit is shaken and when Alexander bursts unit is shaken and when Alexander bursts unit is shaken and when Alexander bursts through the corn fields Arion makes it through the corn fields Arion makes it through the corn fields Arion makes it sound like the G are shaken and then sound like the G are shaken and then sound like the G are shaken and then before they get a chance to pull it before they get a chance to pull it before they get a chance to pull it together Alexander together Alexander together Alexander attacks so maybe this entire way you attacks so maybe this entire way you attacks so maybe this entire way you approach the GTI is intended to gain a approach the GTI is intended to gain a approach the GTI is intended to gain a psychological Edge on them it seems to psychological Edge on them it seems to psychological Edge on them it seems to have the desired effect Caz Arian says have the desired effect Caz Arian says have the desired effect Caz Arian says um they have the same sort of deflation um they have the same sort of deflation um they have the same sort of deflation seeing that the river didn't protect seeing that the river didn't protect seeing that the river didn't protect them here that the thran earlier had them here that the thran earlier had them here that the thran earlier had when they saw that all the wagons they when they saw that all the wagons they when they saw that all the wagons they threw down the mountain side did nothing threw down the mountain side did nothing threw down the mountain side did nothing to Alexander's forces right the the to Alexander's forces right the the to Alexander's forces right the the morale shift what do we say the momentum

morale shift what do we say the momentum morale shift what do we say the momentum shift like a football game happens and shift like a football game happens and shift like a football game happens and Aryan says the GTI don't last long from Aryan says the GTI don't last long from Aryan says the GTI don't last long from my Dellin cor my Dellin cor my Dellin cor translation uh Aran says quote the very translation uh Aran says quote the very translation uh Aran says quote the very first cavalry charge was too much for first cavalry charge was too much for first cavalry charge was too much for the GTI the crossing of the danu the GTI the crossing of the danu the GTI the crossing of the danu greatest of rivers so easily greatest of rivers so easily greatest of rivers so easily accomplished by Alexander in a single accomplished by Alexander in a single accomplished by Alexander in a single night without even a bridge was an act night without even a bridge was an act night without even a bridge was an act of Daring which had shaken them of Daring which had shaken them of Daring which had shaken them profoundly and added to this there was profoundly and added to this there was profoundly and added to this there was the violence of the attack itself and the violence of the attack itself and the violence of the attack itself and the fearful sight of the fail lanks the fearful sight of the fail lanks the fearful sight of the fail lanks advancing upon them in a solid Mass they advancing upon them in a solid Mass they advancing upon them in a solid Mass they turned and fled to their town which was turned and fled to their town which was turned and fled to their town which was about four miles from the river but as about four miles from the river but as about four miles from the river but as soon as they saw that Alexander with his soon as they saw that Alexander with his soon as they saw that Alexander with his mounted troops ahead was pressing mounted troops ahead was pressing mounted troops ahead was pressing passing on along the riverbank to avoid passing on along the riverbank to avoid passing on along the riverbank to avoid Ambush or encirclement they abandoned Ambush or encirclement they abandoned Ambush or encirclement they abandoned the town which had few defenses and the town which had few defenses and the town which had few defenses and taking with them as many women and taking with them as many women and taking with them as many women and children as their horses could carry children as their horses could carry children as their horses could carry continued their flight into uninhabited continued their flight into uninhabited continued their flight into uninhabited country as far from the river as they country as far from the river as they country as far from the river as they could go Alexander took the town could go Alexander took the town could go Alexander took the town together with anything of value which together with anything of value which together with anything of value which the guti had left behind end the guti had left behind end the guti had left behind end quote Alexander historian AB Bosworth quote Alexander historian AB Bosworth quote Alexander historian AB Bosworth who's always been pretty good at putting who's always been pretty good at putting who's always been pretty good at putting himself in the position of Alexander's himself in the position of Alexander's himself in the position of Alexander's victims called it a gratuitous Act of victims called it a gratuitous Act of victims called it a gratuitous Act of terrorism on a helpless terrorism on a helpless terrorism on a helpless people but after Alexander does that all people but after Alexander does that all people but after Alexander does that all of a sudden the wind goes out of of a sudden the wind goes out of of a sudden the wind goes out of everyone's sails everyone's sails everyone's sails nearby the king of the tribali on that nearby the king of the tribali on that nearby the king of the tribali on that island uh sends people to negotiate with

island uh sends people to negotiate with island uh sends people to negotiate with Alexander and a bunch of surrounding uh Alexander and a bunch of surrounding uh Alexander and a bunch of surrounding uh representatives from surrounding tribes representatives from surrounding tribes representatives from surrounding tribes doe too so you know one could make an doe too so you know one could make an doe too so you know one could make an argument here that this uh demonstration argument here that this uh demonstration argument here that this uh demonstration of strength and how good his army was of strength and how good his army was of strength and how good his army was and how devastating the results would be and how devastating the results would be and how devastating the results would be you know if you m with them saved a you know if you m with them saved a you know if you m with them saved a bunch of future encounters bunch of future encounters bunch of future encounters maybe let's be honest though the main maybe let's be honest though the main maybe let's be honest though the main lesson that these Northern people learn lesson that these Northern people learn lesson that these Northern people learn from this encounter with from this encounter with from this encounter with Alexander is that he's not a boob he's Alexander is that he's not a boob he's Alexander is that he's not a boob he's not a simpleton he's not a child all not a simpleton he's not a child all not a simpleton he's not a child all those things that deines had said about those things that deines had said about those things that deines had said about him uh not true you can't blame these him uh not true you can't blame these him uh not true you can't blame these tribes for testing the 20-year-old tribes for testing the 20-year-old tribes for testing the 20-year-old though after all the though after all the though after all the tabali would fight against his father tabali would fight against his father tabali would fight against his father the greatest military man of the age if the greatest military man of the age if the greatest military man of the age if they'll test that guy they'll certainly they'll test that guy they'll certainly they'll test that guy they'll certainly test his 20-year-old son who with the test his 20-year-old son who with the test his 20-year-old son who with the vagaries of monarchy might be an vagaries of monarchy might be an vagaries of monarchy might be an idiot might be a simpleton might be a idiot might be a simpleton might be a idiot might be a simpleton might be a boob turns out he's not and the northern boob turns out he's not and the northern boob turns out he's not and the northern peoples in this part of this territory peoples in this part of this territory peoples in this part of this territory will remain uh nice and friendly will remain uh nice and friendly will remain uh nice and friendly throughout Alexander's Reign and throughout Alexander's Reign and throughout Alexander's Reign and actually and this was probably not actually and this was probably not actually and this was probably not optional and was probably part of the optional and was probably part of the optional and was probably part of the deal they'll contribute a lot of troops deal they'll contribute a lot of troops deal they'll contribute a lot of troops to the army that he'll take over to to the army that he'll take over to to the army that he'll take over to fight with in fight with in fight with in Asia from Alexander's standpoint I'm Asia from Alexander's standpoint I'm Asia from Alexander's standpoint I'm sure that the tabali envoys coming to uh sure that the tabali envoys coming to uh sure that the tabali envoys coming to uh settled up with him was the most settled up with him was the most settled up with him was the most important part of this uh time period important part of this uh time period important part of this uh time period because after all that's why he launched because after all that's why he launched because after all that's why he launched the campaign in that area to begin with the campaign in that area to begin with the campaign in that area to begin with but from our standpoint thousands of but from our standpoint thousands of but from our standpoint thousands of years later the most interesting envoys years later the most interesting envoys years later the most interesting envoys that show up to Alexander during this

that show up to Alexander during this that show up to Alexander during this time period are time period are time period are Celtic now as a kelah holic as many of Celtic now as a kelah holic as many of Celtic now as a kelah holic as many of you are trying to figure out who a kelt you are trying to figure out who a kelt you are trying to figure out who a kelt is or isn't during the period well it'll is or isn't during the period well it'll is or isn't during the period well it'll occupy the rest of my life trying to occupy the rest of my life trying to occupy the rest of my life trying to nail this down but it's like all these nail this down but it's like all these nail this down but it's like all these giant confederations of tribes we spoke giant confederations of tribes we spoke giant confederations of tribes we spoke about this earlier yans thians Celtic about this earlier yans thians Celtic about this earlier yans thians Celtic whatever they may be ethn cultural whatever they may be ethn cultural whatever they may be ethn cultural linguistic I mean all these linguistic I mean all these linguistic I mean all these confederations are made up of lots and confederations are made up of lots and confederations are made up of lots and lots of other tribes and then they're lots of other tribes and then they're lots of other tribes and then they're broken down into Clans and the broken down into Clans and the broken down into Clans and the connection they have with each other is connection they have with each other is connection they have with each other is um hard to determine sometimes but um hard to determine sometimes but um hard to determine sometimes but people identified as Celtic about a half people identified as Celtic about a half people identified as Celtic about a half century before this time period defeated century before this time period defeated century before this time period defeated a very young must be said Roman army in a very young must be said Roman army in a very young must be said Roman army in the field and again Dirty Little Secret the field and again Dirty Little Secret the field and again Dirty Little Secret as we mentioned earlier a lot of that as we mentioned earlier a lot of that as we mentioned earlier a lot of that Roman army supposedly fled before ever Roman army supposedly fled before ever Roman army supposedly fled before ever actually clashing Spears with the enemy actually clashing Spears with the enemy actually clashing Spears with the enemy in front of them right saw them got in front of them right saw them got in front of them right saw them got close to them said nope and close to them said nope and close to them said nope and left so those people identified as left so those people identified as left so those people identified as Celtic sacked Rome and that sacking Celtic sacked Rome and that sacking Celtic sacked Rome and that sacking famously left sort of a psychological famously left sort of a psychological famously left sort of a psychological scar that Rome never got scar that Rome never got scar that Rome never got over Arian writing when he's writing over Arian writing when he's writing over Arian writing when he's writing knows of keltz very well but in knows of keltz very well but in knows of keltz very well but in Alexander's time period encounters were Alexander's time period encounters were Alexander's time period encounters were rare in the rare in the rare in the 330s especially amongst people like him 330s especially amongst people like him 330s especially amongst people like him he'd probably never seen anyone like he'd probably never seen anyone like he'd probably never seen anyone like this before an Aryan probably working this before an Aryan probably working this before an Aryan probably working from tmy as a regional Source describes from tmy as a regional Source describes from tmy as a regional Source describes sort of their reaction to it and it's sort of their reaction to it and it's sort of their reaction to it and it's the same sort of reaction you might have the same sort of reaction you might have the same sort of reaction you might have if you're James T Kirk you know seeking

if you're James T Kirk you know seeking if you're James T Kirk you know seeking out new worlds and new life and new out new worlds and new life and new out new worlds and new life and new civilizations I mean these Kelts look to civilizations I mean these Kelts look to civilizations I mean these Kelts look to Alexander the same way romulans would Alexander the same way romulans would Alexander the same way romulans would look to Kirk look to Kirk look to Kirk and that's kind of the way Alexander and that's kind of the way Alexander and that's kind of the way Alexander sort of reacts Aryan gives you probably sort of reacts Aryan gives you probably sort of reacts Aryan gives you probably coming from tmy a sort of a report you coming from tmy a sort of a report you coming from tmy a sort of a report you might send back to headquarters about might send back to headquarters about might send back to headquarters about this new group of people you just this new group of people you just this new group of people you just discovered I mean the first thing that discovered I mean the first thing that discovered I mean the first thing that the macedonians notice about these guys the macedonians notice about these guys the macedonians notice about these guys right away is they're huge right away is they're huge right away is they're huge physically men of enormous physically men of enormous physically men of enormous stature Pamela mench translates Aryan stature Pamela mench translates Aryan stature Pamela mench translates Aryan saying but there's other versions of saying but there's other versions of saying but there's other versions of them but it's clear that the macedonians them but it's clear that the macedonians them but it's clear that the macedonians who probably were seen as kind of tall who probably were seen as kind of tall who probably were seen as kind of tall compared to your average Southern Greek compared to your average Southern Greek compared to your average Southern Greek they notice these guys size and they're they notice these guys size and they're they notice these guys size and they're also sort of hoty is maybe the way to also sort of hoty is maybe the way to also sort of hoty is maybe the way to put it out you actually have a comment put it out you actually have a comment put it out you actually have a comment from Alexander after his encounter with from Alexander after his encounter with from Alexander after his encounter with them and the funny part about it is them and the funny part about it is them and the funny part about it is alexandrian historian voldemar Heckle in alexandrian historian voldemar Heckle in alexandrian historian voldemar Heckle in his book in the path of Conquest his book in the path of Conquest his book in the path of Conquest resistance to Alexander the Great points resistance to Alexander the Great points resistance to Alexander the Great points out that this whole encounter as out that this whole encounter as out that this whole encounter as transmitted by Aryan shows how arrogant transmitted by Aryan shows how arrogant transmitted by Aryan shows how arrogant the young 20-year-old King is but the the young 20-year-old King is but the the young 20-year-old King is but the criticism on the part of the macedonians criticism on the part of the macedonians criticism on the part of the macedonians about these Celtic people is that they about these Celtic people is that they about these Celtic people is that they themselves are themselves are themselves are arrogant in my Martin Hammond arrogant in my Martin Hammond arrogant in my Martin Hammond translation of Aryan he describes the translation of Aryan he describes the translation of Aryan he describes the moment ambassadors start arriving to moment ambassadors start arriving to moment ambassadors start arriving to Alexander after he defeats the GTI and Alexander after he defeats the GTI and Alexander after he defeats the GTI and says quote ambassadors now arrive to see says quote ambassadors now arrive to see says quote ambassadors now arrive to see Alexander from the Independent tribes Alexander from the Independent tribes Alexander from the Independent tribes bordering the danu including envoys from

bordering the danu including envoys from bordering the danu including envoys from Camus the king of the talans and envoys Camus the king of the talans and envoys Camus the king of the talans and envoys came also from the Kelts who lived by came also from the Kelts who lived by came also from the Kelts who lived by the ionian Gul the ionian Gul the ionian Gul these Kelts were big in body and had a these Kelts were big in body and had a these Kelts were big in body and had a big opinion of themselves all the envoys big opinion of themselves all the envoys big opinion of themselves all the envoys professed to have come in a desire for professed to have come in a desire for professed to have come in a desire for friendship with Alexander and with all friendship with Alexander and with all friendship with Alexander and with all he exchanged reciprocal assurances he he exchanged reciprocal assurances he he exchanged reciprocal assurances he did ask the Kelts what they feared most did ask the Kelts what they feared most did ask the Kelts what they feared most in the world hoping that his own great in the world hoping that his own great in the world hoping that his own great name had reached as far as the Kelts and name had reached as far as the Kelts and name had reached as far as the Kelts and yet further and that they would say that yet further and that they would say that yet further and that they would say that they feared him more than anything else they feared him more than anything else they feared him more than anything else their answer came as a disappointment their answer came as a disappointment their answer came as a disappointment living as they did did an inaccessible living as they did did an inaccessible living as they did did an inaccessible country far away from Alexander and country far away from Alexander and country far away from Alexander and seeing that his ambition lay elsewhere seeing that his ambition lay elsewhere seeing that his ambition lay elsewhere they replied that their greatest fear they replied that their greatest fear they replied that their greatest fear was of the sky falling on them their was of the sky falling on them their was of the sky falling on them their Embassy to Alexander was prompted by Embassy to Alexander was prompted by Embassy to Alexander was prompted by admiration for him but with no element admiration for him but with no element admiration for him but with no element of fear or self-interest even so he of fear or self-interest even so he of fear or self-interest even so he declared friendship with the Kelts too declared friendship with the Kelts too declared friendship with the Kelts too simply remarking that the Kelts were a simply remarking that the Kelts were a simply remarking that the Kelts were a pretentious lot end pretentious lot end pretentious lot end quote to Selen core translates quote to Selen core translates quote to Selen core translates Alexander's words into that they thought Alexander's words into that they thought Alexander's words into that they thought too much of themselves Pamela mench has too much of themselves Pamela mench has too much of themselves Pamela mench has him saying in a more colloquial term big him saying in a more colloquial term big him saying in a more colloquial term big talkers these Kelts and one wonders talkers these Kelts and one wonders talkers these Kelts and one wonders whether he actually said that it's whether he actually said that it's whether he actually said that it's wonderful to think about tmy maybe being wonderful to think about tmy maybe being wonderful to think about tmy maybe being in the room as Alexander comments after in the room as Alexander comments after in the room as Alexander comments after the Kelts just walk out big talkers the Kelts just walk out big talkers the Kelts just walk out big talkers these these these Kelts but as voldemar Heckle says the Kelts but as voldemar Heckle says the Kelts but as voldemar Heckle says the entire Affair just shows how arrogant

entire Affair just shows how arrogant entire Affair just shows how arrogant Alexander is this is his first campaign Alexander is this is his first campaign Alexander is this is his first campaign ever and he expects these people a long ever and he expects these people a long ever and he expects these people a long way from from him these romulans that way from from him these romulans that way from from him these romulans that he's never seen before to know all about he's never seen before to know all about he's never seen before to know all about him and be scared of him already no not him and be scared of him already no not him and be scared of him already no not going to happen in fact while they'll be going to happen in fact while they'll be going to happen in fact while they'll be good during Alexander's Reign it'll only good during Alexander's Reign it'll only good during Alexander's Reign it'll only be about a half century after this time be about a half century after this time be about a half century after this time where they're going to go on a rampage where they're going to go on a rampage where they're going to go on a rampage in southern Greece they'll actually sack in southern Greece they'll actually sack in southern Greece they'll actually sack the very tomb that Alexander's father is the very tomb that Alexander's father is the very tomb that Alexander's father is buried in some historians think that buried in some historians think that buried in some historians think that this entire Celtic diplomatic mission this entire Celtic diplomatic mission this entire Celtic diplomatic mission may be more of a sort of Dual Purpose may be more of a sort of Dual Purpose may be more of a sort of Dual Purpose Affair I mean in the same way ambass Affair I mean in the same way ambass Affair I mean in the same way ambass ators can play sort of a dual role ators can play sort of a dual role ators can play sort of a dual role they're sort of part Diplomat but they're sort of part Diplomat but they're sort of part Diplomat but they're also part intelligence agents they're also part intelligence agents they're also part intelligence agents right they gather data about you know right they gather data about you know right they gather data about you know foreign leaders and the situation in the foreign leaders and the situation in the foreign leaders and the situation in the country and the foreign capitals and the country and the foreign capitals and the country and the foreign capitals and the mood and the climate and the Army and mood and the climate and the Army and mood and the climate and the Army and how they fight and all this kind of how they fight and all this kind of how they fight and all this kind of stuff and it would make sense wouldn't stuff and it would make sense wouldn't stuff and it would make sense wouldn't it that if you were thinking you might it that if you were thinking you might it that if you were thinking you might someday have to fight this guy that someday have to fight this guy that someday have to fight this guy that you'd get a little Intelligence on what you'd get a little Intelligence on what you'd get a little Intelligence on what you're potentially dealing with here guy you're potentially dealing with here guy you're potentially dealing with here guy comes up from the south 20 years old comes up from the south 20 years old comes up from the south 20 years old defeats you know three different groups defeats you know three different groups defeats you know three different groups of locals in a short period of time of locals in a short period of time of locals in a short period of time easily might want to know about a guy easily might want to know about a guy easily might want to know about a guy like like like that in any case Alexander deals with that in any case Alexander deals with that in any case Alexander deals with all these envoys these diplomats these all these envoys these diplomats these all these envoys these diplomats these ambassadors these submissions are ambassadors these submissions are ambassadors these submissions are cataloged these peace deals these cataloged these peace deals these cataloged these peace deals these friendship Arrangements whatever it friendship Arrangements whatever it friendship Arrangements whatever it might be Alexander has managed to sort might be Alexander has managed to sort might be Alexander has managed to sort of pacify Macedonian if not borders as of pacify Macedonian if not borders as of pacify Macedonian if not borders as we said then territory under its sort of we said then territory under its sort of we said then territory under its sort of control all the way to the

control all the way to the control all the way to the danu Alexander Aryan said now takes his danu Alexander Aryan said now takes his danu Alexander Aryan said now takes his troops to the south and west of where troops to the south and west of where troops to the south and west of where they are here near the modern Romanian they are here near the modern Romanian they are here near the modern Romanian and Bulgarian border to an area that is and Bulgarian border to an area that is and Bulgarian border to an area that is controlled by the king of the Iranians controlled by the king of the Iranians controlled by the king of the Iranians who is an ally of the macedonians he's who is an ally of the macedonians he's who is an ally of the macedonians he's going to rest his troops have gone like going to rest his troops have gone like going to rest his troops have gone like 500 Miles remember marching on foot 500 Miles remember marching on foot 500 Miles remember marching on foot basically through terrible country on basically through terrible country on basically through terrible country on bad roads fought several battles I mean bad roads fought several battles I mean bad roads fought several battles I mean after a while you know things need after a while you know things need after a while you know things need maintenance right the Footwear needs to maintenance right the Footwear needs to maintenance right the Footwear needs to be manded whatever it is the Army could be manded whatever it is the Army could be manded whatever it is the Army could use a use a use a rest and then according to Aryan a rest and then according to Aryan a rest and then according to Aryan a crisis breaks out on the borders between crisis breaks out on the borders between crisis breaks out on the borders between Macedonia and Macedonia and Macedonia and yria so modern-day Eastern Albania kind yria so modern-day Eastern Albania kind yria so modern-day Eastern Albania kind of now the news is that three major of now the news is that three major of now the news is that three major groupings of yans the age-old arch enemy groupings of yans the age-old arch enemy groupings of yans the age-old arch enemy of the macedonians and let's not avoid of the macedonians and let's not avoid of the macedonians and let's not avoid the the the elephant in the living room married into elephant in the living room married into elephant in the living room married into the royal family I mean Alexander's got the royal family I mean Alexander's got the royal family I mean Alexander's got a half sister who's a half sister who's a half sister who's halfan well they're on the war path halfan well they're on the war path halfan well they're on the war path again going to invade Macedonia or again going to invade Macedonia or again going to invade Macedonia or something like that in Rebellion Aran something like that in Rebellion Aran something like that in Rebellion Aran says and you never know if that's to says and you never know if that's to says and you never know if that's to cover something or not but three major cover something or not but three major cover something or not but three major groupings of a people so dangerous that groupings of a people so dangerous that groupings of a people so dangerous that they killed Alexander's Uncle the king they killed Alexander's Uncle the king they killed Alexander's Uncle the king of Macedonia at that time on the of Macedonia at that time on the of Macedonia at that time on the battlefield with 4,000 Macedonian

battlefield with 4,000 Macedonian battlefield with 4,000 Macedonian soldiers left dead for the Ravens so uh soldiers left dead for the Ravens so uh soldiers left dead for the Ravens so uh obviously the yyan threat is real put me obviously the yyan threat is real put me obviously the yyan threat is real put me in the camp of people that thinks that in the camp of people that thinks that in the camp of people that thinks that this wasn't some this wasn't some this wasn't some unplanned encounter with the yans though unplanned encounter with the yans though unplanned encounter with the yans though cuz we had was it Plutarch who said they cuz we had was it Plutarch who said they cuz we had was it Plutarch who said they couldn't leave the thians in his rear couldn't leave the thians in his rear couldn't leave the thians in his rear and take his army and go to Asia far and take his army and go to Asia far and take his army and go to Asia far away from home because they're too away from home because they're too away from home because they're too dangerous well magnify any threat the dangerous well magnify any threat the dangerous well magnify any threat the thians were to the macedonians by 10 thians were to the macedonians by 10 thians were to the macedonians by 10 when you're talking about the yans the when you're talking about the yans the when you're talking about the yans the yans really are the bo men of the yans really are the bo men of the yans really are the bo men of the nightmares of Macedonian little nightmares of Macedonian little nightmares of Macedonian little children you could understand why some children you could understand why some children you could understand why some of these yyan rulers could be mad though of these yyan rulers could be mad though of these yyan rulers could be mad though the guy who's sort of leading the whole the guy who's sort of leading the whole the guy who's sort of leading the whole thing um well you know Alexander's dad thing um well you know Alexander's dad thing um well you know Alexander's dad defeated him in defeated him in defeated him in battle may have killed him so you know battle may have killed him so you know battle may have killed him so you know there's some there's some there's some grudges Aryan says that Alexander's host grudges Aryan says that Alexander's host grudges Aryan says that Alexander's host the king of the Iranians the guy who the king of the Iranians the guy who the king of the Iranians the guy who provides Alexander's you know maybe his provides Alexander's you know maybe his provides Alexander's you know maybe his favorite unit certainly one of his faor favorite unit certainly one of his faor favorite unit certainly one of his faor units is Jack of all trades Ranger units is Jack of all trades Ranger units is Jack of all trades Ranger Commando girka Special Forces Unit the Commando girka Special Forces Unit the Commando girka Special Forces Unit the eranian javelin men um he says don't eranian javelin men um he says don't eranian javelin men um he says don't worry I'm going to take one of these worry I'm going to take one of these worry I'm going to take one of these people off your plate I'll go ravage the people off your plate I'll go ravage the people off your plate I'll go ravage the territory of this one major tribal territory of this one major tribal territory of this one major tribal grouping and they'll have to deal with grouping and they'll have to deal with grouping and they'll have to deal with me so you'll just have the other two to me so you'll just have the other two to me so you'll just have the other two to deal with now Ian Worthington in by the deal with now Ian Worthington in by the deal with now Ian Worthington in by the spear says that Alexander ordered him to spear says that Alexander ordered him to spear says that Alexander ordered him to do this which may be the case no matter do this which may be the case no matter do this which may be the case no matter what happens though uh Alexander's what happens though uh Alexander's what happens though uh Alexander's three-headed Hydra problem just became a three-headed Hydra problem just became a three-headed Hydra problem just became a two-headed one

two-headed one two-headed one and with customary speed he races and with customary speed he races and with customary speed he races towards the Fortress that he finds out towards the Fortress that he finds out towards the Fortress that he finds out the major ring leader here a guy named the major ring leader here a guy named the major ring leader here a guy named Cletus uh that he's taken refuge in and Cletus uh that he's taken refuge in and Cletus uh that he's taken refuge in and Alexander heads over to this with his Alexander heads over to this with his Alexander heads over to this with his smaller than normal Army right it's smaller than normal Army right it's smaller than normal Army right it's still this picked force and he heads still this picked force and he heads still this picked force and he heads into country that I struggle to into country that I struggle to into country that I struggle to describe it's difficult to know how to describe it's difficult to know how to describe it's difficult to know how to differentiate one area with really poor differentiate one area with really poor differentiate one area with really poor military Terrain military Terrain military Terrain from another area where if anything it's from another area where if anything it's from another area where if anything it's worse terrain I mean do we have a bad worse terrain I mean do we have a bad worse terrain I mean do we have a bad terrain scale where if you score a one terrain scale where if you score a one terrain scale where if you score a one it's bad terrain if you score a two it's it's bad terrain if you score a two it's it's bad terrain if you score a two it's worse terrain if you score a seven it's worse terrain if you score a seven it's worse terrain if you score a seven it's Trace where we just were you know in the Trace where we just were you know in the Trace where we just were you know in the hemus mountains in modern day Bulgaria a hemus mountains in modern day Bulgaria a hemus mountains in modern day Bulgaria a nine is where Alexander is heading here nine is where Alexander is heading here nine is where Alexander is heading here into Alyria modern day into Alyria modern day into Alyria modern day Albania to use a phrase I use all too Albania to use a phrase I use all too Albania to use a phrase I use all too often delir is like thce only more often delir is like thce only more often delir is like thce only more so and in a way what we get a chance to so and in a way what we get a chance to so and in a way what we get a chance to see here is the true measure of see here is the true measure of see here is the true measure of Alexander the Great as a great military Alexander the Great as a great military Alexander the Great as a great military commander because to be honest when you commander because to be honest when you commander because to be honest when you have the greatest military of the age have the greatest military of the age have the greatest military of the age you want the giant cinematic battles you want the giant cinematic battles you want the giant cinematic battles that everybody ooze and a about and no that everybody ooze and a about and no that everybody ooze and a about and no one more than yours truly right we're one more than yours truly right we're one more than yours truly right we're all entranced by the great field battles all entranced by the great field battles all entranced by the great field battles with tens of thousands of guys on each

with tens of thousands of guys on each with tens of thousands of guys on each side these incredible history side these incredible history side these incredible history determining afternoons determining afternoons determining afternoons right but those things in comparison to right but those things in comparison to right but those things in comparison to the daytoday you know grunt work of the daytoday you know grunt work of the daytoday you know grunt work of fighting are rare in a even a fighting are rare in a even a fighting are rare in a even a conqueror's life the great field battles conqueror's life the great field battles conqueror's life the great field battles the day-to-day stuff that you have to the day-to-day stuff that you have to the day-to-day stuff that you have to endure first of all the day-to-day stuff endure first of all the day-to-day stuff endure first of all the day-to-day stuff probably wipes out a lot of people probably wipes out a lot of people probably wipes out a lot of people snuffs out their conquering career early snuffs out their conquering career early snuffs out their conquering career early on they might have been great but they on they might have been great but they on they might have been great but they died in some unnamed you know Germanic died in some unnamed you know Germanic died in some unnamed you know Germanic Forest perhaps when their Legion was Forest perhaps when their Legion was Forest perhaps when their Legion was ambushed by a bunch of Barbarians in the ambushed by a bunch of Barbarians in the ambushed by a bunch of Barbarians in the deep dark middle of nowhere happens all deep dark middle of nowhere happens all deep dark middle of nowhere happens all the the the time and that could have happened to time and that could have happened to time and that could have happened to Alexander too and in a way going in and Alexander too and in a way going in and Alexander too and in a way going in and fighting in a place where the terrain fighting in a place where the terrain fighting in a place where the terrain negates all of the great advantages that negates all of the great advantages that negates all of the great advantages that you bring to the table right if you if you bring to the table right if you if you bring to the table right if you if your army is so much better than some of your army is so much better than some of your army is so much better than some of the armies you fight later and you get the armies you fight later and you get the armies you fight later and you get them out in the open it's like the US in them out in the open it's like the US in them out in the open it's like the US in the Vietnam War it's exactly what the US the Vietnam War it's exactly what the US the Vietnam War it's exactly what the US always wanted in the Vietnam War they always wanted in the Vietnam War they always wanted in the Vietnam War they want a World War II style battle come on want a World War II style battle come on want a World War II style battle come on out here and fight the terrain made it out here and fight the terrain made it out here and fight the terrain made it very difficult to do that and a lot of very difficult to do that and a lot of very difficult to do that and a lot of the locals thought that there were other the locals thought that there were other the locals thought that there were other ways to go about winning a war than ways to go about winning a war than ways to go about winning a war than confronting the best army of the age confronting the best army of the age confronting the best army of the age headon you have a similar sort of headon you have a similar sort of headon you have a similar sort of dynamic at work here because Alexander dynamic at work here because Alexander dynamic at work here because Alexander is walking into territory where it is is walking into territory where it is is walking into territory where it is absolutely covered by Forest in absolutely covered by Forest in absolutely covered by Forest in mountains it's completely impossible to

mountains it's completely impossible to mountains it's completely impossible to operate the way Alexander is going to be operate the way Alexander is going to be operate the way Alexander is going to be operating in the wide open Plains in operating in the wide open Plains in operating in the wide open Plains in places like Asia later or even in a places like Asia later or even in a places like Asia later or even in a place like thce where once you got past place like thce where once you got past place like thce where once you got past the Hemo mountains it seems like there the Hemo mountains it seems like there the Hemo mountains it seems like there was some Open Country to deploy in there was some Open Country to deploy in there was some Open Country to deploy in there are going to be paths here the Aran says are going to be paths here the Aran says are going to be paths here the Aran says where you can't get four guys to walk where you can't get four guys to walk where you can't get four guys to walk side by side you have a sheer cliff on side by side you have a sheer cliff on side by side you have a sheer cliff on one side and a tumble into a river down one side and a tumble into a river down one side and a tumble into a river down a you know steep slope on the other um a you know steep slope on the other um a you know steep slope on the other um that's going to negate some of the best that's going to negate some of the best that's going to negate some of the best things you bring to the table you may things you bring to the table you may things you bring to the table you may have a combined arms Army but the Army have a combined arms Army but the Army have a combined arms Army but the Army is designed to do sort of a hammer and is designed to do sort of a hammer and is designed to do sort of a hammer and Anvil deal right line up those deep Anvil deal right line up those deep Anvil deal right line up those deep blocks of shoulder Tosh shoulder lined blocks of shoulder Tosh shoulder lined blocks of shoulder Tosh shoulder lined up guys with 18 whatever foot Pikes and up guys with 18 whatever foot Pikes and up guys with 18 whatever foot Pikes and they pin and hold the enemy in front of they pin and hold the enemy in front of they pin and hold the enemy in front of them right engage them and then while them right engage them and then while them right engage them and then while that enemy is busy uh send the Cavalry that enemy is busy uh send the Cavalry that enemy is busy uh send the Cavalry around the flanks try to hit them in the around the flanks try to hit them in the around the flanks try to hit them in the lanks and rear and roll them up and I lanks and rear and roll them up and I lanks and rear and roll them up and I mean it's a great tactic but it doesn't mean it's a great tactic but it doesn't mean it's a great tactic but it doesn't work in the work in the work in the forest it doesn't work in the mountains forest it doesn't work in the mountains forest it doesn't work in the mountains where Alexander's heading so watching where Alexander's heading so watching where Alexander's heading so watching him conduct operations with all of his him conduct operations with all of his him conduct operations with all of his best most dominating tools taken out of best most dominating tools taken out of best most dominating tools taken out of his toolbox is a chance to see you know his toolbox is a chance to see you know his toolbox is a chance to see you know the guy in an equalizer situation and the guy in an equalizer situation and the guy in an equalizer situation and certain things are going to become certain things are going to become certain things are going to become clear the first thing is that even clear the first thing is that even clear the first thing is that even though these Macedonian kings are though these Macedonian kings are though these Macedonian kings are expected to behave like figures out of expected to behave like figures out of expected to behave like figures out of you know the ilad and sort of lead the

you know the ilad and sort of lead the you know the ilad and sort of lead the charge and all that I mean his dad lost charge and all that I mean his dad lost charge and all that I mean his dad lost an eye right he was a crippled man from an eye right he was a crippled man from an eye right he was a crippled man from fighting Alexander if anything even fighting Alexander if anything even fighting Alexander if anything even graded on the Macedonian curve is going graded on the Macedonian curve is going graded on the Macedonian curve is going to be more aggressive and famously seek to be more aggressive and famously seek to be more aggressive and famously seek out battle even more he's probably out battle even more he's probably out battle even more he's probably already killed people back when he was already killed people back when he was already killed people back when he was commanding uh One Wing of the army at commanding uh One Wing of the army at commanding uh One Wing of the army at places like the Battle of Kenia and places like the Battle of Kenia and places like the Battle of Kenia and whatnot but Aryan is is going to inject whatnot but Aryan is is going to inject whatnot but Aryan is is going to inject the adrenaline into his account now that the adrenaline into his account now that the adrenaline into his account now that we told you earlier is part of what we told you earlier is part of what we told you earlier is part of what makes him special right he writes it's a makes him special right he writes it's a makes him special right he writes it's a movie account at some at some points and movie account at some at some points and movie account at some at some points and Alexander is the star and he is often in Alexander is the star and he is often in Alexander is the star and he is often in situations where normally you wouldn't situations where normally you wouldn't situations where normally you wouldn't want your king getting anywhere near want your king getting anywhere near want your king getting anywhere near those kinds of encounters that could so those kinds of encounters that could so those kinds of encounters that could so easily go wrong Alexander is going to easily go wrong Alexander is going to easily go wrong Alexander is going to almost come off it's a movie Trope right almost come off it's a movie Trope right almost come off it's a movie Trope right you have to go to like a 1950s John you have to go to like a 1950s John you have to go to like a 1950s John Wayne movie where you know they head up Wayne movie where you know they head up Wayne movie where you know they head up into the country where the natives live into the country where the natives live into the country where the natives live and you can hear drums in the Hills all and you can hear drums in the Hills all and you can hear drums in the Hills all around and this sense of Menace and around and this sense of Menace and around and this sense of Menace and being swallowed up by the country and being swallowed up by the country and being swallowed up by the country and then when nightfalls it's terrifying I then when nightfalls it's terrifying I then when nightfalls it's terrifying I mean it has that kind of a feel to it mean it has that kind of a feel to it mean it has that kind of a feel to it and remember there's a difference in the and remember there's a difference in the and remember there's a difference in the way militaries operated in this period way militaries operated in this period way militaries operated in this period compared to say Napoleon's time onward compared to say Napoleon's time onward compared to say Napoleon's time onward although there are examples of although there are examples of although there are examples of differences I mean one of the things the differences I mean one of the things the differences I mean one of the things the Mongols did was operate this way but Mongols did was operate this way but Mongols did was operate this way but nowadays if you're going to invade a nowadays if you're going to invade a nowadays if you're going to invade a country you're going to invade along country you're going to invade along country you're going to invade along many roads on a wide front so that as many roads on a wide front so that as many roads on a wide front so that as you move it's like ink spilling and just you move it's like ink spilling and just you move it's like ink spilling and just sort of absorbing the areas as the Army

sort of absorbing the areas as the Army sort of absorbing the areas as the Army moves forward in this era it's an army moves forward in this era it's an army moves forward in this era it's an army sort of marching like a little entity sort of marching like a little entity sort of marching like a little entity encased all by itself they'll have encased all by itself they'll have encased all by itself they'll have flankers and people out you know on flankers and people out you know on flankers and people out you know on Cavalry scouting and maybe scouring for Cavalry scouting and maybe scouring for Cavalry scouting and maybe scouring for food and all those kinds of things get a food and all those kinds of things get a food and all those kinds of things get a few informers but by and large it's this few informers but by and large it's this few informers but by and large it's this little group of human beings relatively little group of human beings relatively little group of human beings relatively speaking just marching into a territory speaking just marching into a territory speaking just marching into a territory and if you could zoom out with a drone and if you could zoom out with a drone and if you could zoom out with a drone shot you would just see it swallowed up shot you would just see it swallowed up shot you would just see it swallowed up up by Forest everywhere it literally up by Forest everywhere it literally up by Forest everywhere it literally like American patrols you know in like American patrols you know in like American patrols you know in Vietnam once they got too far away from Vietnam once they got too far away from Vietnam once they got too far away from bases it's just the jungle swallows you bases it's just the jungle swallows you bases it's just the jungle swallows you well this isn't a jungle in Southeast well this isn't a jungle in Southeast well this isn't a jungle in Southeast Asia it's the European ancient Asia it's the European ancient Asia it's the European ancient equivalent and Alexander's marching into equivalent and Alexander's marching into equivalent and Alexander's marching into it and he knows that there's at least it and he knows that there's at least it and he knows that there's at least two armies out there trying to converge two armies out there trying to converge two armies out there trying to converge to destroy him and his mission is to get to destroy him and his mission is to get to destroy him and his mission is to get to one of them and destroy it before it to one of them and destroy it before it to one of them and destroy it before it can link up with the other that's a very can link up with the other that's a very can link up with the other that's a very Napoleonic Problem by the Napoleonic Problem by the Napoleonic Problem by the way Alexander moves with his trademark way Alexander moves with his trademark way Alexander moves with his trademark speed gets to the Fortified City where speed gets to the Fortified City where speed gets to the Fortified City where one of these ring leaders a king named one of these ring leaders a king named one of these ring leaders a king named cus is holed up before his Ally shows up cus is holed up before his Ally shows up cus is holed up before his Ally shows up with the other Army which of course was with the other Army which of course was with the other Army which of course was the goal but he sort of inadvertently the goal but he sort of inadvertently the goal but he sort of inadvertently traps himself while doing traps himself while doing traps himself while doing so and as we've already said once and as so and as we've already said once and as so and as we've already said once and as we'll say again there's something about we'll say again there's something about we'll say again there's something about Alexander's career where he will do this Alexander's career where he will do this Alexander's career where he will do this and you think to yourself well for such and you think to yourself well for such and you think to yourself well for such a great Commander to continually put

a great Commander to continually put a great Commander to continually put yourself in these situations you want to yourself in these situations you want to yourself in these situations you want to say is a demerit but that's like saying say is a demerit but that's like saying say is a demerit but that's like saying that Muhammad Ali because he breaks the that Muhammad Ali because he breaks the that Muhammad Ali because he breaks the rules of pulling straight back from an rules of pulling straight back from an rules of pulling straight back from an opponent right you don't do that no one opponent right you don't do that no one opponent right you don't do that no one teaches that yeah but because of his teaches that yeah but because of his teaches that yeah but because of his Superior reflexes he gets out of trouble Superior reflexes he gets out of trouble Superior reflexes he gets out of trouble with it all the time I mean when with it all the time I mean when with it all the time I mean when Alexander's able to emerge unscathed Alexander's able to emerge unscathed Alexander's able to emerge unscathed from these situations you're not from these situations you're not from these situations you're not supposed to put yourself in it makes it supposed to put yourself in it makes it supposed to put yourself in it makes it different difficult to know how to grade different difficult to know how to grade different difficult to know how to grade it it's a mistake but a mistake that it it's a mistake but a mistake that it it's a mistake but a mistake that somehow didn't hurt him in this case he somehow didn't hurt him in this case he somehow didn't hurt him in this case he arrives at this city with this King that arrives at this city with this King that arrives at this city with this King that he wants to get his hands on and the he wants to get his hands on and the he wants to get his hands on and the entire area is dominated it sounds like entire area is dominated it sounds like entire area is dominated it sounds like in an almost 360 degree maybe bowl like in an almost 360 degree maybe bowl like in an almost 360 degree maybe bowl like fashion or almost 360 degree fashion by fashion or almost 360 degree fashion by fashion or almost 360 degree fashion by either really high hills or low either really high hills or low either really high hills or low mountains that look down on the city and mountains that look down on the city and mountains that look down on the city and they are heavily wooded and if they they are heavily wooded and if they they are heavily wooded and if they aren't already infested with of Valyrian aren't already infested with of Valyrian aren't already infested with of Valyrian Warriors as soon as Alexander shows up Warriors as soon as Alexander shows up Warriors as soon as Alexander shows up they quickly they quickly they quickly are and he has to try to figure out what are and he has to try to figure out what are and he has to try to figure out what to do now he knows another Army on the to do now he knows another Army on the to do now he knows another Army on the way so he does what Alexander's pretty way so he does what Alexander's pretty way so he does what Alexander's pretty darn good at and he darn good at and he darn good at and he attacks there is a quick short sharp attacks there is a quick short sharp attacks there is a quick short sharp encounter we're told and then the people encounter we're told and then the people encounter we're told and then the people inside the city that he was fighting go inside the city that he was fighting go inside the city that he was fighting go back inside the city Lock themselves up back inside the city Lock themselves up back inside the city Lock themselves up and Alexander's troops Aran says find and Alexander's troops Aran says find and Alexander's troops Aran says find the grizzly remain of the sacrifice that the grizzly remain of the sacrifice that the grizzly remain of the sacrifice that had taken place before his little Clash had taken place before his little Clash had taken place before his little Clash three boys three girls three black Rams

three boys three girls three black Rams three boys three girls three black Rams all all all slaughtered sacrifice seems to have been slaughtered sacrifice seems to have been slaughtered sacrifice seems to have been interrupted in progress maybe but what interrupted in progress maybe but what interrupted in progress maybe but what Alexander's got to deal with now is he's Alexander's got to deal with now is he's Alexander's got to deal with now is he's on this plane he's still got an on this plane he's still got an on this plane he's still got an undefeated enemy in front of him and The undefeated enemy in front of him and The undefeated enemy in front of him and The Hills Have Hills Have Hills Have Eyes we're in this mode where you're in Eyes we're in this mode where you're in Eyes we're in this mode where you're in scary enemy country I mean it brings up scary enemy country I mean it brings up scary enemy country I mean it brings up a certain question right we've mentioned a certain question right we've mentioned a certain question right we've mentioned that Alex alander probably has about that Alex alander probably has about that Alex alander probably has about 15,000 or so men with him right now can 15,000 or so men with him right now can 15,000 or so men with him right now can you be frightened if you're surrounded you be frightened if you're surrounded you be frightened if you're surrounded by 15,000 of your own by 15,000 of your own by 15,000 of your own guys guys guys maybe because Alexander finds out the maybe because Alexander finds out the maybe because Alexander finds out the very next day after he's already started very next day after he's already started very next day after he's already started to implement a plan of Walling the city to implement a plan of Walling the city to implement a plan of Walling the city off right we're just going to wall it off right we're just going to wall it off right we're just going to wall it off Julius Caesar did that at elesia I off Julius Caesar did that at elesia I off Julius Caesar did that at elesia I mean it's a typical sort of thing to try mean it's a typical sort of thing to try mean it's a typical sort of thing to try to do but they've hardly started before to do but they've hardly started before to do but they've hardly started before the Army uh that the king ctus guy's the Army uh that the king ctus guy's the Army uh that the king ctus guy's been waiting for shows up which ruins been waiting for shows up which ruins been waiting for shows up which ruins all of Alexander's plans and traps him all of Alexander's plans and traps him all of Alexander's plans and traps him even worse now he really is surrounded even worse now he really is surrounded even worse now he really is surrounded in native country and he can't hardly in native country and he can't hardly in native country and he can't hardly move and this is an era remember again move and this is an era remember again move and this is an era remember again we' mentioned how armies move we' mentioned how armies move we' mentioned how armies move differently but they're also Supply differently but they're also Supply differently but they're also Supply differently Alexander has no line of differently Alexander has no line of differently Alexander has no line of Supply going back to some base they're Supply going back to some base they're Supply going back to some base they're sort of on their own whatever they can sort of on their own whatever they can sort of on their own whatever they can carry and of course you know scrape up carry and of course you know scrape up carry and of course you know scrape up so Alexander sends out a foraging so Alexander sends out a foraging so Alexander sends out a foraging Mission they take all the black animals Mission they take all the black animals Mission they take all the black animals he sends out a particular Commander they he sends out a particular Commander they he sends out a particular Commander they go out there to try to find food and go out there to try to find food and go out there to try to find food and they get surrounded in their area the

they get surrounded in their area the they get surrounded in their area the hills around where they go get hills around where they go get hills around where they go get surrounded by the natives and they're surrounded by the natives and they're surrounded by the natives and they're told that when Nightfall happens they're told that when Nightfall happens they're told that when Nightfall happens they're in grave danger so Alexander has to put in grave danger so Alexander has to put in grave danger so Alexander has to put a crack Force together including our a crack Force together including our a crack Force together including our wonderful eranian Javelin men The wonderful eranian Javelin men The wonderful eranian Javelin men The Archers he likes a little few Elite guys Archers he likes a little few Elite guys Archers he likes a little few Elite guys and they go with Alexander leading see and they go with Alexander leading see and they go with Alexander leading see he's involved firsthand in this and they he's involved firsthand in this and they he's involved firsthand in this and they have a rescue mission to go get them out have a rescue mission to go get them out have a rescue mission to go get them out of this area where they've been forag of this area where they've been forag of this area where they've been forag before the natives can wipe him out but before the natives can wipe him out but before the natives can wipe him out but Alexander's problem now is he's stuck he Alexander's problem now is he's stuck he Alexander's problem now is he's stuck he can't assault the city without being can't assault the city without being can't assault the city without being assaulted from the surrounding Heights assaulted from the surrounding Heights assaulted from the surrounding Heights from the people on the other side of him from the people on the other side of him from the people on the other side of him he can't go after the people on the he can't go after the people on the he can't go after the people on the surrounding Heights without the city surrounding Heights without the city surrounding Heights without the city sallying forth and getting him Adrien sallying forth and getting him Adrien sallying forth and getting him Adrien goldsworthy in his book Philip and goldsworthy in his book Philip and goldsworthy in his book Philip and Alexander sort of lays out the situation Alexander sort of lays out the situation Alexander sort of lays out the situation pointing out that trying to disengage pointing out that trying to disengage pointing out that trying to disengage from an enemy you're in contact with is from an enemy you're in contact with is from an enemy you're in contact with is one of the most difficult things in all one of the most difficult things in all one of the most difficult things in all military Maneuvers and goldsworthy military Maneuvers and goldsworthy military Maneuvers and goldsworthy writes quote the situation was dangerous writes quote the situation was dangerous writes quote the situation was dangerous Alexander did not have enough men to Alexander did not have enough men to Alexander did not have enough men to attack the city and simultaneously fight attack the city and simultaneously fight attack the city and simultaneously fight off glaus who's the other yyan commander off glaus who's the other yyan commander off glaus who's the other yyan commander and could not stay for long where he was and could not stay for long where he was and could not stay for long where he was because finding food and forage would because finding food and forage would because finding food and forage would only leave detachments open to Ambush only leave detachments open to Ambush only leave detachments open to Ambush yet Escape would not be easy for there yet Escape would not be easy for there yet Escape would not be easy for there was only a narrow route broken by was only a narrow route broken by was only a narrow route broken by patches of Woodland and enclosed by patches of Woodland and enclosed by patches of Woodland and enclosed by Higher Ground held by glaus on one side Higher Ground held by glaus on one side Higher Ground held by glaus on one side and the River on the other Aryan claimed and the River on the other Aryan claimed and the River on the other Aryan claimed that at times the track was barely wide that at times the track was barely wide that at times the track was barely wide enough for four men to March AB breast enough for four men to March AB breast enough for four men to March AB breast and then he continues by saying

and then he continues by saying and then he continues by saying withdrawal in the face of the enemy is withdrawal in the face of the enemy is withdrawal in the face of the enemy is rarely an easy thing to do especially in rarely an easy thing to do especially in rarely an easy thing to do especially in mountainous terrain against highly mountainous terrain against highly mountainous terrain against highly mobble bands of Warriors accustomed to mobble bands of Warriors accustomed to mobble bands of Warriors accustomed to the country and inclined to see Retreat the country and inclined to see Retreat the country and inclined to see Retreat as a sign of cowardice end quote this is as a sign of cowardice end quote this is as a sign of cowardice end quote this is where aran's story becomes adrenaline where aran's story becomes adrenaline where aran's story becomes adrenaline fueled because he gives us sort of a fueled because he gives us sort of a fueled because he gives us sort of a movie like account of Alexander being movie like account of Alexander being movie like account of Alexander being Here There and Everywhere and rescuing Here There and Everywhere and rescuing Here There and Everywhere and rescuing troops in trouble and trying to get this troops in trouble and trying to get this troops in trouble and trying to get this entire Affair of his army extricated entire Affair of his army extricated entire Affair of his army extricated from a problem you know that maybe you from a problem you know that maybe you from a problem you know that maybe you could get some demerits for having could get some demerits for having could get some demerits for having gotten in in the first place but what he gotten in in the first place but what he gotten in in the first place but what he does is masterful and he starts off by does is masterful and he starts off by does is masterful and he starts off by using the same sort of psychology that using the same sort of psychology that using the same sort of psychology that we mentioned when he was dealing with we mentioned when he was dealing with we mentioned when he was dealing with the guti coming through the corn fields the guti coming through the corn fields the guti coming through the corn fields well that's what they called it in the well that's what they called it in the well that's what they called it in the ancient wheat Fields whatever you want ancient wheat Fields whatever you want ancient wheat Fields whatever you want to say and the emergence all of a sudden to say and the emergence all of a sudden to say and the emergence all of a sudden of the troops they providing the awe of the troops they providing the awe of the troops they providing the awe followed by the shock Ian Worthington um followed by the shock Ian Worthington um followed by the shock Ian Worthington um basically lays it out and so when we basically lays it out and so when we basically lays it out and so when we said earlier you wonder if something said earlier you wonder if something said earlier you wonder if something like this is a tool in Al Alexander's like this is a tool in Al Alexander's like this is a tool in Al Alexander's toolbox well that question gets answered toolbox well that question gets answered toolbox well that question gets answered Worthington says quote to gain the upper Worthington says quote to gain the upper Worthington says quote to gain the upper hand over his foes Alexander turned to hand over his foes Alexander turned to hand over his foes Alexander turned to psychological pressure something for psychological pressure something for psychological pressure something for which he would become famous he decided which he would become famous he decided which he would become famous he decided to put on what appeared to be military to put on what appeared to be military to put on what appeared to be military Maneuvers arranging his entire fail Maneuvers arranging his entire fail Maneuvers arranging his entire fail lanks into a single block 150 ranks deep

lanks into a single block 150 ranks deep lanks into a single block 150 ranks deep with Cavalry squadrons of 200 or so on with Cavalry squadrons of 200 or so on with Cavalry squadrons of 200 or so on either side of it the men were ordered either side of it the men were ordered either side of it the men were ordered to March back and forth with their Sissa to March back and forth with their Sissa to March back and forth with their Sissa those are their Pikes up lowered as if those are their Pikes up lowered as if those are their Pikes up lowered as if for a charge and then pointing to the for a charge and then pointing to the for a charge and then pointing to the right and left before forming into their right and left before forming into their right and left before forming into their standard wedge formation all of these standard wedge formation all of these standard wedge formation all of these moves Worthington writes were carried moves Worthington writes were carried moves Worthington writes were carried out in in total silence except for the out in in total silence except for the out in in total silence except for the sharp commands to the men to change the sharp commands to the men to change the sharp commands to the men to change the directions and angle of their weapons directions and angle of their weapons directions and angle of their weapons thinking that Alexander was simply thinking that Alexander was simply thinking that Alexander was simply drilling his troops glaus and his men drilling his troops glaus and his men drilling his troops glaus and his men began to move forward more to get a began to move forward more to get a began to move forward more to get a better look at the rigorous and better look at the rigorous and better look at the rigorous and disciplined training of the Macedonian disciplined training of the Macedonian disciplined training of the Macedonian infantry than anything else in doing so infantry than anything else in doing so infantry than anything else in doing so Worthington writes they played into Worthington writes they played into Worthington writes they played into Alexander's hands the king waited till Alexander's hands the king waited till Alexander's hands the king waited till they were close enough and then gave a they were close enough and then gave a they were close enough and then gave a pre-arranged signal at once the men pre-arranged signal at once the men pre-arranged signal at once the men turned to face the enemy and shattered turned to face the enemy and shattered turned to face the enemy and shattered the silence as they clashed their swords the silence as they clashed their swords the silence as they clashed their swords against their armor and at the top of against their armor and at the top of against their armor and at the top of their voices roared out their battlecry their voices roared out their battlecry their voices roared out their battlecry al la la la la la I don't know how to al la la la la la I don't know how to al la la la la la I don't know how to pronounce the battlecry over and over pronounce the battlecry over and over pronounce the battlecry over and over again the tribesmen the tanti ey again the tribesmen the tanti ey again the tribesmen the tanti ey practically jumped out of their skins practically jumped out of their skins practically jumped out of their skins and in panic turned tail and fled end and in panic turned tail and fled end and in panic turned tail and fled end quote that's what we were talking about quote that's what we were talking about quote that's what we were talking about earlier the fact that so many people can earlier the fact that so many people can earlier the fact that so many people can be spooked into running or turning tail be spooked into running or turning tail be spooked into running or turning tail because the momentum when some people because the momentum when some people because the momentum when some people run for the rest of the people to run as run for the rest of the people to run as run for the rest of the people to run as contagious right Phobos the god of fear

contagious right Phobos the god of fear contagious right Phobos the god of fear and Alexander and all the great and Alexander and all the great and Alexander and all the great commanders right understand this and commanders right understand this and commanders right understand this and that was simply a display of military that was simply a display of military that was simply a display of military drill that so intimidated the tribesmen drill that so intimidated the tribesmen drill that so intimidated the tribesmen uh Adrien goldsworthy says who couldn't uh Adrien goldsworthy says who couldn't uh Adrien goldsworthy says who couldn't have fought this way and wouldn't have have fought this way and wouldn't have have fought this way and wouldn't have wanted to in a way that made them back wanted to in a way that made them back wanted to in a way that made them back off of Alexander and give him room to off of Alexander and give him room to off of Alexander and give him room to sort of if you will make a run for it sort of if you will make a run for it sort of if you will make a run for it with his with his with his troops it's interesting to note that the troops it's interesting to note that the troops it's interesting to note that the level of drill here assuming all of this level of drill here assuming all of this level of drill here assuming all of this is true although I can see it happening is true although I can see it happening is true although I can see it happening with the Romans for example so I don't with the Romans for example so I don't with the Romans for example so I don't know why it couldn't have happened with know why it couldn't have happened with know why it couldn't have happened with Alexander the level of drill freaked out Alexander the level of drill freaked out Alexander the level of drill freaked out the the the yans I mean it's a little like Alexander yans I mean it's a little like Alexander yans I mean it's a little like Alexander and I'm reminded of the animal kingdom and I'm reminded of the animal kingdom and I'm reminded of the animal kingdom again where you just can see you know again where you just can see you know again where you just can see you know Warfare when you know we haven't started Warfare when you know we haven't started Warfare when you know we haven't started fighting yet but I can look at you and fighting yet but I can look at you and fighting yet but I can look at you and there's an intimidation thing it's Mike there's an intimidation thing it's Mike there's an intimidation thing it's Mike Tyson on one side of the ring and the Tyson on one side of the ring and the Tyson on one side of the ring and the other guy on the other side I haven't other guy on the other side I haven't other guy on the other side I haven't started punching you yet but I'm already started punching you yet but I'm already started punching you yet but I'm already working on you psychologically he's got working on you psychologically he's got working on you psychologically he's got his troops Drilling in front of him as a his troops Drilling in front of him as a his troops Drilling in front of him as a way to say look at what I can do here do way to say look at what I can do here do way to say look at what I can do here do you really want a piece of this and it you really want a piece of this and it you really want a piece of this and it freaks them out and then when he yells freaks them out and then when he yells freaks them out and then when he yells at him it's like okay you're getting a at him it's like okay you're getting a at him it's like okay you're getting a piece of it whether you want it or not piece of it whether you want it or not piece of it whether you want it or not and the crowd backs off you know always and the crowd backs off you know always and the crowd backs off you know always described crowds of people like herds of described crowds of people like herds of described crowds of people like herds of horses and when the first horses spook horses and when the first horses spook horses and when the first horses spook the whole crowd kind of the whole crowd kind of the whole crowd kind of Spooks it's worth taking a second and Spooks it's worth taking a second and Spooks it's worth taking a second and just acknowledging here what Aryan says

just acknowledging here what Aryan says just acknowledging here what Aryan says the capabilities of Alexander's forces the capabilities of Alexander's forces the capabilities of Alexander's forces were in terms of movement and drill were in terms of movement and drill were in terms of movement and drill because this is an often debated subject because this is an often debated subject because this is an often debated subject in ancient and medieval warfare right in ancient and medieval warfare right in ancient and medieval warfare right how much drill was normal what were the how much drill was normal what were the how much drill was normal what were the capabilities like uh some people think capabilities like uh some people think capabilities like uh some people think you know and sometimes they're right you know and sometimes they're right you know and sometimes they're right that these military forces in the that these military forces in the that these military forces in the ancient world are little more than mobs ancient world are little more than mobs ancient world are little more than mobs of people but then you see the Romans or of people but then you see the Romans or of people but then you see the Romans or Alexander here or the Chinese and all of Alexander here or the Chinese and all of Alexander here or the Chinese and all of a sudden it's as regimented as anything a sudden it's as regimented as anything a sudden it's as regimented as anything you'd see later uh what Aryan talks you'd see later uh what Aryan talks you'd see later uh what Aryan talks about here is Alexander's forces being about here is Alexander's forces being about here is Alexander's forces being able to do things like moving in a able to do things like moving in a able to do things like moving in a zigzag manner at high speed forming zigzag manner at high speed forming zigzag manner at high speed forming wedges out of I mean it's it's exactly wedges out of I mean it's it's exactly wedges out of I mean it's it's exactly the sort of thing you would see on a the sort of thing you would see on a the sort of thing you would see on a parade ground with people graduating parade ground with people graduating parade ground with people graduating from you know a military boot camp from you know a military boot camp from you know a military boot camp today and you're not always going to get today and you're not always going to get today and you're not always going to get a lot of insight into how these people a lot of insight into how these people a lot of insight into how these people moved and were drilled so this is an moved and were drilled so this is an moved and were drilled so this is an interesting clue that will allow us to interesting clue that will allow us to interesting clue that will allow us to understand later when Alexander's forces understand later when Alexander's forces understand later when Alexander's forces are doing things um exactly how they're are doing things um exactly how they're are doing things um exactly how they're moving for example now how long these moving for example now how long these moving for example now how long these formations stay in good shape once formations stay in good shape once formations stay in good shape once they're fighting the enemy is another they're fighting the enemy is another they're fighting the enemy is another one of those things people argue one of those things people argue one of those things people argue about the truth of the matter is though about the truth of the matter is though about the truth of the matter is though a lot of this is just for show as we a lot of this is just for show as we a lot of this is just for show as we said for the psychological impact said for the psychological impact said for the psychological impact because Alexander knows darn well he's because Alexander knows darn well he's because Alexander knows darn well he's not in the kind of terrain where being not in the kind of terrain where being not in the kind of terrain where being able to form up like this makes much of able to form up like this makes much of able to form up like this makes much of a difference he's going to be in

a difference he's going to be in a difference he's going to be in something closer to like an individual something closer to like an individual something closer to like an individual Knife Fight amongst the rocks in the Knife Fight amongst the rocks in the Knife Fight amongst the rocks in the Hills rather than something where you Hills rather than something where you Hills rather than something where you can deploy this whole faank and fight can deploy this whole faank and fight can deploy this whole faank and fight the way you want the way you want the way you want to but for a second he's got a little to but for a second he's got a little to but for a second he's got a little respite he scared the natives away a respite he scared the natives away a respite he scared the natives away a little bit so he turns with the forces little bit so he turns with the forces little bit so he turns with the forces he has and they sort of run and the next he has and they sort of run and the next he has and they sort of run and the next Vibe you get from AR in here is sort of Vibe you get from AR in here is sort of Vibe you get from AR in here is sort of the Great Escape right we're going to the Great Escape right we're going to the Great Escape right we're going to get away with the natives nipping at his get away with the natives nipping at his get away with the natives nipping at his heels the whole way right show any sign heels the whole way right show any sign heels the whole way right show any sign of weakness slow down they're going to of weakness slow down they're going to of weakness slow down they're going to get you then all of a sudden in front of get you then all of a sudden in front of get you then all of a sudden in front of them is a hill right so you can feel the them is a hill right so you can feel the them is a hill right so you can feel the adrenaline right the hill is occupied by adrenaline right the hill is occupied by adrenaline right the hill is occupied by the enemy so Alexander puts a strike the enemy so Alexander puts a strike the enemy so Alexander puts a strike force together they're going to go up force together they're going to go up force together they're going to go up and take this hill but the enemy deserts and take this hill but the enemy deserts and take this hill but the enemy deserts the hill they don't want to have the hill they don't want to have the hill they don't want to have anything to do with Alexander this is a anything to do with Alexander this is a anything to do with Alexander this is a Sign by the way of the kind of terrain Sign by the way of the kind of terrain Sign by the way of the kind of terrain we're talking about in ayria because to we're talking about in ayria because to we're talking about in ayria because to escape the hill they run uphill right escape the hill they run uphill right escape the hill they run uphill right there's apparently either bigger Hills there's apparently either bigger Hills there's apparently either bigger Hills or mountains on both sides of this hill or mountains on both sides of this hill or mountains on both sides of this hill so they they escape the hill by on both so they they escape the hill by on both so they they escape the hill by on both sides going up but apparently the hill sides going up but apparently the hill sides going up but apparently the hill is now available Alexander gets to the is now available Alexander gets to the is now available Alexander gets to the hill and now they have to cross some hill and now they have to cross some hill and now they have to cross some River Alexander tells his forces to River Alexander tells his forces to River Alexander tells his forces to cross the river and when you get to the cross the river and when you get to the cross the river and when you get to the other side start forming up other side start forming up other side start forming up immediately so that if they cross the immediately so that if they cross the immediately so that if they cross the river on our heels they'll face a fully river on our heels they'll face a fully river on our heels they'll face a fully formed Army when they get there but formed Army when they get there but formed Army when they get there but somebody has to be the rear guard and somebody has to be the rear guard and somebody has to be the rear guard and protect the rest of the army so they can protect the rest of the army so they can protect the rest of the army so they can get across and form up normally you'd get across and form up normally you'd get across and form up normally you'd leave that probably to some underling leave that probably to some underling leave that probably to some underling not this time Alexander's out there with not this time Alexander's out there with not this time Alexander's out there with his like a granian javelin men and his

his like a granian javelin men and his his like a granian javelin men and his 2000 archers I mean the same guys in his 2000 archers I mean the same guys in his 2000 archers I mean the same guys in his little guard and they're going to hold little guard and they're going to hold little guard and they're going to hold the river the river the river basically and it is well there's no basically and it is well there's no basically and it is well there's no other way to put it exciting death other way to put it exciting death other way to put it exciting death defying and my brain instantly tries to defying and my brain instantly tries to defying and my brain instantly tries to follow the breadcrumbs back to that follow the breadcrumbs back to that follow the breadcrumbs back to that moment and ask how close is this to moment and ask how close is this to moment and ask how close is this to anything that really happened once upon anything that really happened once upon anything that really happened once upon a time cuz when you read your Aryan uh a time cuz when you read your Aryan uh a time cuz when you read your Aryan uh you sure want it to be true and from the you sure want it to be true and from the you sure want it to be true and from the Pamela mench translation in the Pamela mench translation in the Pamela mench translation in the wonderful Landmark wonderful Landmark wonderful Landmark Aryan she has Aryan translated saying Aryan she has Aryan translated saying Aryan she has Aryan translated saying this this this quote when the enemy troops saw quote when the enemy troops saw quote when the enemy troops saw Alexander's forces crossing the river Alexander's forces crossing the river Alexander's forces crossing the river they rushed down the mountains to attack they rushed down the mountains to attack they rushed down the mountains to attack the column's rear as it withdrew as they the column's rear as it withdrew as they the column's rear as it withdrew as they drew near Alexander and the men with him drew near Alexander and the men with him drew near Alexander and the men with him sallied out and the faank raised its war sallied out and the faank raised its war sallied out and the faank raised its war cry as though to move back through the cry as though to move back through the cry as though to move back through the river and attack the enemy troops with river and attack the enemy troops with river and attack the enemy troops with all of Alexander's forces charging them all of Alexander's forces charging them all of Alexander's forces charging them gave way and fled at which point gave way and fled at which point gave way and fled at which point Alexander led the Arians and archers on Alexander led the Arians and archers on Alexander led the Arians and archers on the double to the river he was the first the double to the river he was the first the double to the river he was the first to get across and when he saw the enemy to get across and when he saw the enemy to get across and when he saw the enemy attacking his rear guard he had the attacking his rear guard he had the attacking his rear guard he had the siege engines set up on the bank and siege engines set up on the bank and siege engines set up on the bank and ordered that they fire every possible of ordered that they fire every possible of ordered that they fire every possible of missile at the farthest range he also missile at the farthest range he also missile at the farthest range he also ordered the archers to fire a volley ordered the archers to fire a volley ordered the archers to fire a volley from the middle of the river for They from the middle of the river for They from the middle of the river for They too had started across the men with too had started across the men with too had started across the men with glaus did not dare to come within range glaus did not dare to come within range glaus did not dare to come within range of this barrage and so the macedonians of this barrage and so the macedonians of this barrage and so the macedonians crossed the river safely none of them

crossed the river safely none of them crossed the river safely none of them died in The Retreat end quote so died in The Retreat end quote so died in The Retreat end quote so Alexander masterfully gets himself out Alexander masterfully gets himself out Alexander masterfully gets himself out of the Trap that he himself fell into of the Trap that he himself fell into of the Trap that he himself fell into how do you grade that well before you how do you grade that well before you how do you grade that well before you answer as they used to say in the TV answer as they used to say in the TV answer as they used to say in the TV sales pitch videos hold on there's more sales pitch videos hold on there's more sales pitch videos hold on there's more don't grade quite yet cuz how do we don't grade quite yet cuz how do we don't grade quite yet cuz how do we provide a little extra credit to this provide a little extra credit to this provide a little extra credit to this assignment when we realize that assignment when we realize that assignment when we realize that Alexander then goes back and kills Alexander then goes back and kills Alexander then goes back and kills everybody let me elaborate apparently everybody let me elaborate apparently everybody let me elaborate apparently the yans figure that they've won here the yans figure that they've won here the yans figure that they've won here they've driven Alexander off um he's they've driven Alexander off um he's they've driven Alexander off um he's this you know this big bad 20-year-old this you know this big bad 20-year-old this you know this big bad 20-year-old with this killer Army is running away with this killer Army is running away with this killer Army is running away and they nipped it its heals and good and they nipped it its heals and good and they nipped it its heals and good writtens to you and stay out right but writtens to you and stay out right but writtens to you and stay out right but Alexander's apparently staying in Alexander's apparently staying in Alexander's apparently staying in contact with them enough to get contact with them enough to get contact with them enough to get intelligence back that they're not being intelligence back that they're not being intelligence back that they're not being very careful they think he's gone very careful they think he's gone very careful they think he's gone they're not putting out guards they're they're not putting out guards they're they're not putting out guards they're not safely fortifying their camps not safely fortifying their camps not safely fortifying their camps they're vulnerable in other words and so they're vulnerable in other words and so they're vulnerable in other words and so he sends his forces back he's preparing he sends his forces back he's preparing he sends his forces back he's preparing a full-on attack but when he gets close a full-on attack but when he gets close a full-on attack but when he gets close by once again leading it himself he sees by once again leading it himself he sees by once again leading it himself he sees that they're completely unready for that they're completely unready for that they're completely unready for anything so he just goes after them anything so he just goes after them anything so he just goes after them here's the way my translation from aubre here's the way my translation from aubre here's the way my translation from aubre deselen cor puts it Aryan says quote the deselen cor puts it Aryan says quote the deselen cor puts it Aryan says quote the moment was ripe for attack so without

moment was ripe for attack so without moment was ripe for attack so without waiting for the entire force to waiting for the entire force to waiting for the entire force to concentrate he Alexander sent into concentrate he Alexander sent into concentrate he Alexander sent into action the Iranians and The Archers who action the Iranians and The Archers who action the Iranians and The Archers who made a surprise assault on a narrow made a surprise assault on a narrow made a surprise assault on a narrow front a formation likely to fall with front a formation likely to fall with front a formation likely to fall with greatest effect upon upon the enemy at greatest effect upon upon the enemy at greatest effect upon upon the enemy at his weakest Point some they killed in his weakest Point some they killed in his weakest Point some they killed in their beds others they took without their beds others they took without their beds others they took without difficulty as they tried to escape many difficulty as they tried to escape many difficulty as they tried to escape many were caught and killed on the spot many were caught and killed on the spot many were caught and killed on the spot many more as they fled in panic and disorder more as they fled in panic and disorder more as they fled in panic and disorder not a few were captured alive the not a few were captured alive the not a few were captured alive the pursuit was pressed as far as the pursuit was pressed as far as the pursuit was pressed as far as the mountains in they were talking about the mountains in they were talking about the mountains in they were talking about the tribe that they were fighting territory tribe that they were fighting territory tribe that they were fighting territory he says None escaped except at the cost he says None escaped except at the cost he says None escaped except at the cost of throwing away their weapons cletus's of throwing away their weapons cletus's of throwing away their weapons cletus's first move was to the town let later he first move was to the town let later he first move was to the town let later he set fire to it and made his way to the set fire to it and made his way to the set fire to it and made his way to the tangan where he sought Refuge with glaus tangan where he sought Refuge with glaus tangan where he sought Refuge with glaus end quote so Alexander and his Strike end quote so Alexander and his Strike end quote so Alexander and his Strike Force his Iranians and his 2,000 archers Force his Iranians and his 2,000 archers Force his Iranians and his 2,000 archers and his little Elite group go in there and his little Elite group go in there and his little Elite group go in there at night they're they're supposed to be at night they're they're supposed to be at night they're they're supposed to be like a reconnaissance en Force but when like a reconnaissance en Force but when like a reconnaissance en Force but when they get there everything is so they get there everything is so they get there everything is so perfectly ripe they don't wait for the perfectly ripe they don't wait for the perfectly ripe they don't wait for the rest of the army they fall on these guys rest of the army they fall on these guys rest of the army they fall on these guys kill them in their beds drive them out kill them in their beds drive them out kill them in their beds drive them out his foe runs into his for ified City his foe runs into his for ified City his foe runs into his for ified City that Alexander had been camped out in that Alexander had been camped out in that Alexander had been camped out in front of decides that he has no hope front of decides that he has no hope front of decides that he has no hope lights the entire city on fire flees to lights the entire city on fire flees to lights the entire city on fire flees to his his his allies so how do you grade A guy that allies so how do you grade A guy that allies so how do you grade A guy that gets himself in a position like that and gets himself in a position like that and gets himself in a position like that and then turns it around into that kind of a then turns it around into that kind of a then turns it around into that kind of a victory what's more when you look at

victory what's more when you look at victory what's more when you look at what's going on here Alexander leading what's going on here Alexander leading what's going on here Alexander leading essentially a group of Commandos in at essentially a group of Commandos in at essentially a group of Commandos in at night to go destroy an enemy Army by night to go destroy an enemy Army by night to go destroy an enemy Army by hand I mean it's just so different than hand I mean it's just so different than hand I mean it's just so different than what you think about him being known for what you think about him being known for what you think about him being known for as a general as we said these great as a general as we said these great as a general as we said these great field battles of thousands of people in field battles of thousands of people in field battles of thousands of people in Broad day and here he is basically Broad day and here he is basically Broad day and here he is basically acting you know as a uh a force 10 from acting you know as a uh a force 10 from acting you know as a uh a force 10 from Navarone sort of leader albeit a very Navarone sort of leader albeit a very Navarone sort of leader albeit a very large force from naon but nonetheless large force from naon but nonetheless large force from naon but nonetheless it's not the kind of generalship I mean it's not the kind of generalship I mean it's not the kind of generalship I mean this is a guy who's like knife fighting this is a guy who's like knife fighting this is a guy who's like knife fighting amongst the Rocks it's a weird sort of amongst the Rocks it's a weird sort of amongst the Rocks it's a weird sort of thing you can't imagine Napoleon doing thing you can't imagine Napoleon doing thing you can't imagine Napoleon doing that right and yet it puts you in a that right and yet it puts you in a that right and yet it puts you in a weird position right if you're fighting weird position right if you're fighting weird position right if you're fighting amongst the Rocks you could easily get amongst the Rocks you could easily get amongst the Rocks you could easily get killed which is exactly the rumor that killed which is exactly the rumor that killed which is exactly the rumor that is going around Greece right around this is going around Greece right around this is going around Greece right around this time Alexander has no time to enjoy this time Alexander has no time to enjoy this time Alexander has no time to enjoy this Victory he has no time to follow up on Victory he has no time to follow up on Victory he has no time to follow up on it if that was his plan and no one knows it if that was his plan and no one knows it if that was his plan and no one knows what his plan was he has no time to rest what his plan was he has no time to rest what his plan was he has no time to rest and refit an army that was tired when it and refit an army that was tired when it and refit an army that was tired when it got to ayria because he gets a 9911 call got to ayria because he gets a 9911 call got to ayria because he gets a 9911 call from down south nearer to Greece that from down south nearer to Greece that from down south nearer to Greece that all Greece is in rebellion and it's all Greece is in rebellion and it's all Greece is in rebellion and it's getting worse by the day it's like a getting worse by the day it's like a getting worse by the day it's like a fire it spreads it intensifies and if he fire it spreads it intensifies and if he fire it spreads it intensifies and if he doesn't get down there fast there will doesn't get down there fast there will doesn't get down there fast there will be no stopping it the worry is that the be no stopping it the worry is that the be no stopping it the worry is that the alliance of karenia that his father alliance of karenia that his father alliance of karenia that his father defeated could be defeated could be defeated could be reforged and just like it was back then reforged and just like it was back then reforged and just like it was back then the city of Thieves is Ground Zero for the city of Thieves is Ground Zero for the city of Thieves is Ground Zero for it it it all there is Persian money at work here

all there is Persian money at work here all there is Persian money at work here and um was it Cicero that said the Senus and um was it Cicero that said the Senus and um was it Cicero that said the Senus of War are endless money well anyone who of War are endless money well anyone who of War are endless money well anyone who knows this Peri perod knows that when knows this Peri perod knows that when knows this Peri perod knows that when you look at the ained Persian Empire it you look at the ained Persian Empire it you look at the ained Persian Empire it seems like they are the equivalent of seems like they are the equivalent of seems like they are the equivalent of the Dragon smog from the Hobb at sitting the Dragon smog from the Hobb at sitting the Dragon smog from the Hobb at sitting on a giant pile of gold that no matter on a giant pile of gold that no matter on a giant pile of gold that no matter how much they spend never seems to get how much they spend never seems to get how much they spend never seems to get any any any smaller and they'd had a leadership smaller and they'd had a leadership smaller and they'd had a leadership crisis over the last little bit the crisis over the last little bit the crisis over the last little bit the leadership crisis is settled they have a leadership crisis is settled they have a leadership crisis is settled they have a new King on the throne they've examined new King on the throne they've examined new King on the throne they've examined the situation here realized that the situation here realized that the situation here realized that Alexander is not a simpleton a child or Alexander is not a simpleton a child or Alexander is not a simpleton a child or a boob and they' better start spending a boob and they' better start spending a boob and they' better start spending some money or they're going to be facing some money or they're going to be facing some money or they're going to be facing him you know in person they already have him you know in person they already have him you know in person they already have a 10,000 Man force of macedonians in a 10,000 Man force of macedonians in a 10,000 Man force of macedonians in their territory causing trouble so all their territory causing trouble so all their territory causing trouble so all of a sudden the spigots are open money of a sudden the spigots are open money of a sudden the spigots are open money is being distributed and somehow our old is being distributed and somehow our old is being distributed and somehow our old friend in Athens demosthenes is the friend in Athens demosthenes is the friend in Athens demosthenes is the conduit he's the money launderer he's conduit he's the money launderer he's conduit he's the money launderer he's the arms traitor here and uh there are the arms traitor here and uh there are the arms traitor here and uh there are all sorts of accusations by the way from all sorts of accusations by the way from all sorts of accusations by the way from some of the Ancients um most of the some of the Ancients um most of the some of the Ancients um most of the stuff I read from the modern secondary stuff I read from the modern secondary stuff I read from the modern secondary sources and historians say almost sources and historians say almost sources and historians say almost certainly not true but that deases is certainly not true but that deases is certainly not true but that deases is taking these enormous sums of money taking these enormous sums of money taking these enormous sums of money truly arms dealer type money even today truly arms dealer type money even today truly arms dealer type money even today and keeping and keeping and keeping it but ancient sources like deodor culus it but ancient sources like deodor culus it but ancient sources like deodor culus say he's paying for weapons and the say he's paying for weapons and the say he's paying for weapons and the weapons are being sent to the thians to weapons are being sent to the thians to weapons are being sent to the thians to support what's going on in thieves which support what's going on in thieves which support what's going on in thieves which is talked about by a couple of different is talked about by a couple of different is talked about by a couple of different sources and yet the sources begin to sources and yet the sources begin to sources and yet the sources begin to diverge with this story this is an

diverge with this story this is an diverge with this story this is an important story it is one of the most important story it is one of the most important story it is one of the most significant blights on Alexander's significant blights on Alexander's significant blights on Alexander's career coming up here here and so people career coming up here here and so people career coming up here here and so people who want to paint Alexander in a who want to paint Alexander in a who want to paint Alexander in a positive light have to figure out ways positive light have to figure out ways positive light have to figure out ways to well spin some of this story deodor to well spin some of this story deodor to well spin some of this story deodor culus is not one of those people as we culus is not one of those people as we culus is not one of those people as we told you before he spends all of two told you before he spends all of two told you before he spends all of two sentences on all the stuff we just sentences on all the stuff we just sentences on all the stuff we just covered right the thians the tabali the covered right the thians the tabali the covered right the thians the tabali the Kelts the yans all that stuff that's two Kelts the yans all that stuff that's two Kelts the yans all that stuff that's two sentences he's going to go into depth in sentences he's going to go into depth in sentences he's going to go into depth in what's about to happen here in what's about to happen here in what's about to happen here in thieves aryion does the same thing but thieves aryion does the same thing but thieves aryion does the same thing but Aryan sources guys like tmy Aryan sources guys like tmy Aryan sources guys like tmy have every incentive here to try to have every incentive here to try to have every incentive here to try to absolve Alexander from some absolve Alexander from some absolve Alexander from some responsibility which is tough to do when responsibility which is tough to do when responsibility which is tough to do when you're the you're the you're the king my favorite account of what happens king my favorite account of what happens king my favorite account of what happens in thieves um to to spark this whole in thieves um to to spark this whole in thieves um to to spark this whole Rebellion comes from uh conquest and Rebellion comes from uh conquest and Rebellion comes from uh conquest and Empire by AB Bosworth basically it Empire by AB Bosworth basically it Empire by AB Bosworth basically it involves some of the people that Philip involves some of the people that Philip involves some of the people that Philip Alexander's dad threw out of Thieves Alexander's dad threw out of Thieves Alexander's dad threw out of Thieves because they were anti- him right anti- because they were anti- him right anti- because they were anti- him right anti- Philip elements throw them out of Philip elements throw them out of Philip elements throw them out of Thieves get the hell out you're banished Thieves get the hell out you're banished Thieves get the hell out you're banished they come back they come back they come back when Alexander's gone and they are part when Alexander's gone and they are part when Alexander's gone and they are part of a rumor spreading that Alexander is of a rumor spreading that Alexander is of a rumor spreading that Alexander is dead now there's a lot to this Alexander dead now there's a lot to this Alexander dead now there's a lot to this Alexander is dead thing you have to kind of unpack is dead thing you have to kind of unpack is dead thing you have to kind of unpack to know from a legal standpoint because to know from a legal standpoint because to know from a legal standpoint because some of this stuff is all going to be some of this stuff is all going to be some of this stuff is all going to be argued in legalese over what the argued in legalese over what the argued in legalese over what the contract was where we had this agreement contract was where we had this agreement contract was where we had this agreement where you're going to follow me and if where you're going to follow me and if where you're going to follow me and if Alexander is actually dead there's an Alexander is actually dead there's an Alexander is actually dead there's an argument to be made that any deal that argument to be made that any deal that argument to be made that any deal that all these places like thieves and Athens

all these places like thieves and Athens all these places like thieves and Athens and everywhere any deal they made with and everywhere any deal they made with and everywhere any deal they made with Alexander is null and void right if Alexander is null and void right if Alexander is null and void right if you're dead and you have no air you know you're dead and you have no air you know you're dead and you have no air you know there is no deal we're not rebelling there is no deal we're not rebelling there is no deal we're not rebelling against you the deal was off the minute against you the deal was off the minute against you the deal was off the minute you died and that's what I heard you died and that's what I heard you died and that's what I heard happened and when you are like Alexander happened and when you are like Alexander happened and when you are like Alexander doing the equivalent of having knife doing the equivalent of having knife doing the equivalent of having knife fights amongst the Rocks up in yria it's fights amongst the Rocks up in yria it's fights amongst the Rocks up in yria it's not that hard to make a case that you not that hard to make a case that you not that hard to make a case that you might be dead when you don't have might be dead when you don't have might be dead when you don't have continual supply lines like we talked continual supply lines like we talked continual supply lines like we talked about bearing constant messages back and about bearing constant messages back and about bearing constant messages back and forth so you're in touch with you know forth so you're in touch with you know forth so you're in touch with you know the Army in the field it's easy to just the Army in the field it's easy to just the Army in the field it's easy to just say we haven't heard anything for a long say we haven't heard anything for a long say we haven't heard anything for a long time they're probably gone some of these time they're probably gone some of these time they're probably gone some of these rumors are suggest that the Army itself rumors are suggest that the Army itself rumors are suggest that the Army itself would was lost can you imagine if would was lost can you imagine if would was lost can you imagine if Alexander and the Army was lost how hard Alexander and the Army was lost how hard Alexander and the Army was lost how hard it would be to keep a bunch of people it would be to keep a bunch of people it would be to keep a bunch of people who only recently were subjected to who only recently were subjected to who only recently were subjected to Macedonian rule how hard it would be to Macedonian rule how hard it would be to Macedonian rule how hard it would be to keep him down here's the way AB Bosworth keep him down here's the way AB Bosworth keep him down here's the way AB Bosworth describes what happens and to understand describes what happens and to understand describes what happens and to understand when he says the word cadmia this is the when he says the word cadmia this is the when he says the word cadmia this is the sort of the the we would call it a sort of the the we would call it a sort of the the we would call it a Garrison it's in the Acropolis I guess Garrison it's in the Acropolis I guess Garrison it's in the Acropolis I guess of Thieves and it's where the Garrison of Thieves and it's where the Garrison of Thieves and it's where the Garrison that Philip put in there of Macedonian that Philip put in there of Macedonian that Philip put in there of Macedonian troops is sort of headquartered and when troops is sort of headquartered and when troops is sort of headquartered and when this Rebellion is going to start the this Rebellion is going to start the this Rebellion is going to start the theevans are going to sort of put that theevans are going to sort of put that theevans are going to sort of put that under Siege and ab Bosworth says under Siege and ab Bosworth says under Siege and ab Bosworth says quote as the campaign in the north quote as the campaign in the north quote as the campaign in the north continued and no word of its progress continued and no word of its progress continued and no word of its progress reached the South the rumor circulated reached the South the rumor circulated reached the South the rumor circulated that he Alexander had been killed in the that he Alexander had been killed in the that he Alexander had been killed in the Athenian assembly demosthenes produced Athenian assembly demosthenes produced Athenian assembly demosthenes produced an eyewitness of his death and an eyewitness of his death and an eyewitness of his death and speculation was Rife over the whole of speculation was Rife over the whole of speculation was Rife over the whole of Southern Greece at thieves there was an Southern Greece at thieves there was an Southern Greece at thieves there was an Insurrection a group of Exiles wishing Insurrection a group of Exiles wishing Insurrection a group of Exiles wishing to repeat the Glorious Revolution of 379

to repeat the Glorious Revolution of 379 to repeat the Glorious Revolution of 379 entered the City by Night murdered two entered the City by Night murdered two entered the City by Night murdered two members of the Macedonian Garrison who members of the Macedonian Garrison who members of the Macedonian Garrison who were surprised outside the cadmia and were surprised outside the cadmia and were surprised outside the cadmia and pressed for revolution in the assembly pressed for revolution in the assembly pressed for revolution in the assembly the thebans rose to the appeal and laid the thebans rose to the appeal and laid the thebans rose to the appeal and laid Siege to the cadmia they abolished the Siege to the cadmia they abolished the Siege to the cadmia they abolished the oligarchic government imposed by Phillip oligarchic government imposed by Phillip oligarchic government imposed by Phillip it was as a democracy that they passed it was as a democracy that they passed it was as a democracy that they passed legislation to resist Alexander The legislation to resist Alexander The legislation to resist Alexander The Sovereign assembly ratifying a formal it Sovereign assembly ratifying a formal it Sovereign assembly ratifying a formal it means Proclamation by the leaders of the means Proclamation by the leaders of the means Proclamation by the leaders of the Revolt who met in Council these actions Revolt who met in Council these actions Revolt who met in Council these actions Bosworth writes had challenged every as Bosworth writes had challenged every as Bosworth writes had challenged every as ECT of the common peace an existing ECT of the common peace an existing ECT of the common peace an existing Constitution had been subverted by Constitution had been subverted by Constitution had been subverted by Exiles and the city was openly at war Exiles and the city was openly at war Exiles and the city was openly at war with madon end quote the theevans can with madon end quote the theevans can with madon end quote the theevans can put about 7,000 really good troops in put about 7,000 really good troops in put about 7,000 really good troops in the field that's nowhere near enough to the field that's nowhere near enough to the field that's nowhere near enough to take on the macedonians of course but take on the macedonians of course but take on the macedonians of course but the Greeks usually fight Outsiders by the Greeks usually fight Outsiders by the Greeks usually fight Outsiders by forming alliances between city states or forming alliances between city states or forming alliances between city states or leagues and in this case the theevans leagues and in this case the theevans leagues and in this case the theevans put out a 911 call asking for put out a 911 call asking for put out a 911 call asking for help they take the money deases gives help they take the money deases gives help they take the money deases gives them and they arm all their slaves and them and they arm all their slaves and them and they arm all their slaves and they press into service anybody who's in they press into service anybody who's in they press into service anybody who's in their City just happen to be traveling their City just happen to be traveling their City just happen to be traveling from elsewhere I mean imagine you're from elsewhere I mean imagine you're from elsewhere I mean imagine you're going to sell you know medical supplies going to sell you know medical supplies going to sell you know medical supplies in some foreign country and then while in some foreign country and then while in some foreign country and then while you're there working the country you're you're there working the country you're you're there working the country you're in gets into a war with its neighbors in gets into a war with its neighbors in gets into a war with its neighbors and they hand you a weapon and say sorry and they hand you a weapon and say sorry and they hand you a weapon and say sorry we have to everybody who's capable of we have to everybody who's capable of we have to everybody who's capable of carrying arms we need you so the thians carrying arms we need you so the thians carrying arms we need you so the thians are desperate and they expect help and are desperate and they expect help and are desperate and they expect help and help is on the way but then the help help is on the way but then the help help is on the way but then the help that is on the way stops and this

that is on the way stops and this that is on the way stops and this becomes a pattern The Arcadian league becomes a pattern The Arcadian league becomes a pattern The Arcadian league for example raises an army sends it to for example raises an army sends it to for example raises an army sends it to the ithmus which is what divides the the ithmus which is what divides the the ithmus which is what divides the south of Greece from the rest of Greece south of Greece from the rest of Greece south of Greece from the rest of Greece and they just sit there deanes is able and they just sit there deanes is able and they just sit there deanes is able to get the Athenians to say yeah we're to get the Athenians to say yeah we're to get the Athenians to say yeah we're with the thebans but they don't do with the thebans but they don't do with the thebans but they don't do anything more than that everybody's kind anything more than that everybody's kind anything more than that everybody's kind of waiting I mean what's going to happen of waiting I mean what's going to happen of waiting I mean what's going to happen here is Alexander dead and if he's not here is Alexander dead and if he's not here is Alexander dead and if he's not what's going to happen to thieves and what's going to happen to thieves and what's going to happen to thieves and besides the signs are besides the signs are besides the signs are terrible remember this is a people that terrible remember this is a people that terrible remember this is a people that believe in what their oracles tell them believe in what their oracles tell them believe in what their oracles tell them if you can ever make sense of the opaque if you can ever make sense of the opaque if you can ever make sense of the opaque magic eightball style answers that these magic eightball style answers that these magic eightball style answers that these oracles often give but the signs have oracles often give but the signs have oracles often give but the signs have not looked good for months deodor culus not looked good for months deodor culus not looked good for months deodor culus says that a giant spiders web appeared says that a giant spiders web appeared says that a giant spiders web appeared outside a very important Shrine and it outside a very important Shrine and it outside a very important Shrine and it was iridescent and was iridescent and was iridescent and rainbow they're seeing Blood on the rainbow they're seeing Blood on the rainbow they're seeing Blood on the water in certain important places water in certain important places water in certain important places certain other shrines are having issues certain other shrines are having issues certain other shrines are having issues and the statues in thieves begin to and the statues in thieves begin to and the statues in thieves begin to sweat in my Robin Waterfield translation sweat in my Robin Waterfield translation sweat in my Robin Waterfield translation of theodoris he explains what all this of theodoris he explains what all this of theodoris he explains what all this is and remember deodor believes it and is and remember deodor believes it and is and remember deodor believes it and he says quote in the first place a fine he says quote in the first place a fine he says quote in the first place a fine spider web appeared in the sanctuary of spider web appeared in the sanctuary of spider web appeared in the sanctuary of demer which was not just as big as a demer which was not just as big as a demer which was not just as big as a then he describes a very big thing but then he describes a very big thing but then he describes a very big thing but was also surrounded by an iridescent was also surrounded by an iridescent was also surrounded by an iridescent Sheen like a rainbow in the sky when Sheen like a rainbow in the sky when Sheen like a rainbow in the sky when they consulted the delic Oracle about it they consulted the delic Oracle about it they consulted the delic Oracle about it they received the following reply now

they received the following reply now they received the following reply now the Oracle says this sign is intended by the Oracle says this sign is intended by the Oracle says this sign is intended by the gods for all men but especially for the gods for all men but especially for the gods for all men but especially for the bians and their neighbors the bians the bians and their neighbors the bians the bians and their neighbors the bians being the thebans and their neighbors so being the thebans and their neighbors so being the thebans and their neighbors so the thebans then take this uh question the thebans then take this uh question the thebans then take this uh question to a local Shrine because you know if to a local Shrine because you know if to a local Shrine because you know if it's for the bi oans and their neighbors it's for the bi oans and their neighbors it's for the bi oans and their neighbors why not consult our own Shrine and why not consult our own Shrine and why not consult our own Shrine and deodor says quote and the national deodor says quote and the national deodor says quote and the national Oracle of Thieves gave them this reply Oracle of Thieves gave them this reply Oracle of Thieves gave them this reply the woven web is bad for one but good the woven web is bad for one but good the woven web is bad for one but good for another this sign says theodoris for another this sign says theodoris for another this sign says theodoris appeared about 3 months before Alexander appeared about 3 months before Alexander appeared about 3 months before Alexander came to thieves and then at the time of came to thieves and then at the time of came to thieves and then at the time of his arrival the statues in the Agora his arrival the statues in the Agora his arrival the statues in the Agora visibly dripped sweat and were covered visibly dripped sweat and were covered visibly dripped sweat and were covered with great gouts of it end with great gouts of it end with great gouts of it end quote he then says that there were quote he then says that there were quote he then says that there were reports of a sound very like a Bellow he reports of a sound very like a Bellow he reports of a sound very like a Bellow he says coming from certain important says coming from certain important says coming from certain important marshes a blood-colored ripple was marshes a blood-colored ripple was marshes a blood-colored ripple was running down the surface of the water in running down the surface of the water in running down the surface of the water in another another another location at delie he says there was location at delie he says there was location at delie he says there was blood on the roof of a temple that blood on the roof of a temple that blood on the roof of a temple that involved the involved the involved the thebans and deodor says the message that thebans and deodor says the message that thebans and deodor says the message that was being sent is clear quote the was being sent is clear quote the was being sent is clear quote the professional interpreters of signs said professional interpreters of signs said professional interpreters of signs said that the meaning of the web was that the that the meaning of the web was that the that the meaning of the web was that the gods were departing from the city while gods were departing from the city while gods were departing from the city while its many Hughes meant that there would its many Hughes meant that there would its many Hughes meant that there would be a storm of various troubles that the be a storm of various troubles that the be a storm of various troubles that the sweating statues meant overwhelming sweating statues meant overwhelming sweating statues meant overwhelming disaster and that the appearance of disaster and that the appearance of disaster and that the appearance of blood in several places meant that a blood in several places meant that a blood in several places meant that a great Slaughter would take place in the great Slaughter would take place in the great Slaughter would take place in the city since the gods were clearly

city since the gods were clearly city since the gods were clearly predicting catastrophe for the city the predicting catastrophe for the city the predicting catastrophe for the city the advice of the experts was that the advice of the experts was that the advice of the experts was that the thebans should not commit themselves to thebans should not commit themselves to thebans should not commit themselves to deciding the war on the battlefield but deciding the war on the battlefield but deciding the war on the battlefield but should rely on negotiation as an should rely on negotiation as an should rely on negotiation as an alternative safer way to settle matters alternative safer way to settle matters alternative safer way to settle matters end end end quote the thean response seems to be quote the thean response seems to be quote the thean response seems to be something along the lines of screw that something along the lines of screw that something along the lines of screw that we're we're we're fighting now as we said earlier the fighting now as we said earlier the fighting now as we said earlier the accounts of ARA and deodor start to for accounts of ARA and deodor start to for accounts of ARA and deodor start to for quite a bit here I mean diodorus sounds quite a bit here I mean diodorus sounds quite a bit here I mean diodorus sounds like he's writing about the American like he's writing about the American like he's writing about the American Revolution from the American side and Revolution from the American side and Revolution from the American side and Aryan sounds like he's writing it from Aryan sounds like he's writing it from Aryan sounds like he's writing it from the British side and yet the story of the British side and yet the story of the British side and yet the story of the American Revolution that they're the American Revolution that they're the American Revolution that they're writing about in that story the American writing about in that story the American writing about in that story the American Revolution is crushed by the British and Revolution is crushed by the British and Revolution is crushed by the British and it's hundreds of years later and Aryans it's hundreds of years later and Aryans it's hundreds of years later and Aryans basically trying to explain all this basically trying to explain all this basically trying to explain all this freedom and independent stuff that was freedom and independent stuff that was freedom and independent stuff that was being thrown around thieves and he being thrown around thieves and he being thrown around thieves and he basically treats it like a kind of a basically treats it like a kind of a basically treats it like a kind of a delusion or that the people are prayed delusion or that the people are prayed delusion or that the people are prayed on by these you know slick guys using on by these you know slick guys using on by these you know slick guys using the cute you know old words right right the cute you know old words right right the cute you know old words right right using freedom and liberty as a way to using freedom and liberty as a way to using freedom and liberty as a way to sort of arouse the people into a fever sort of arouse the people into a fever sort of arouse the people into a fever that would lead to terrible things and that would lead to terrible things and that would lead to terrible things and by the way this is from my Martin by the way this is from my Martin by the way this is from my Martin Hammond translation and Arion is Hammond translation and Arion is Hammond translation and Arion is explaining the story from the start here explaining the story from the start here explaining the story from the start here he says quote meanwhile some of the he says quote meanwhile some of the he says quote meanwhile some of the thean Exiles who had been expelled from thean Exiles who had been expelled from thean Exiles who had been expelled from the city made a covert return to thieves the city made a covert return to thieves the city made a covert return to thieves at night invited back by a group in the at night invited back by a group in the at night invited back by a group in the city with revolutionary intent these city with revolutionary intent these city with revolutionary intent these Exiles captured and killed amantas and

Exiles captured and killed amantas and Exiles captured and killed amantas and timus two officers of the Garrison timus two officers of the Garrison timus two officers of the Garrison occupying the cadmia who were outside occupying the cadmia who were outside occupying the cadmia who were outside their base quite unsuspecting of any their base quite unsuspecting of any their base quite unsuspecting of any enemy action they then came before the enemy action they then came before the enemy action they then came before the assembly and incited the thebans to assembly and incited the thebans to assembly and incited the thebans to revolt from Alexander making play with revolt from Alexander making play with revolt from Alexander making play with the fine old slogans of freedom and the fine old slogans of freedom and the fine old slogans of freedom and Independence and urging that now at last Independence and urging that now at last Independence and urging that now at last was the time to be rid of the heavy hand was the time to be rid of the heavy hand was the time to be rid of the heavy hand of Macedonian rule end quote Aryan then of Macedonian rule end quote Aryan then of Macedonian rule end quote Aryan then kind of provides an out here for the kind of provides an out here for the kind of provides an out here for the common people that maybe they didn't common people that maybe they didn't common people that maybe they didn't believe all this Liberty stuff believe all this Liberty stuff believe all this Liberty stuff necessarily but the revolutionaries were necessarily but the revolutionaries were necessarily but the revolutionaries were telling them that Alexander was dead and telling them that Alexander was dead and telling them that Alexander was dead and that seemed to be the better argument that seemed to be the better argument that seemed to be the better argument from their point of view Arion says from their point of view Arion says from their point of view Arion says quote what told more with the general quote what told more with the general quote what told more with the general people was their assertion that people was their assertion that people was their assertion that Alexander had died in ayria there was Alexander had died in ayria there was Alexander had died in ayria there was indeed a strong and widespread rumor to indeed a strong and widespread rumor to indeed a strong and widespread rumor to this effect since he had been away long this effect since he had been away long this effect since he had been away long and no word had come from him so that and no word had come from him so that and no word had come from him so that his tends to happen at such times in his tends to happen at such times in his tends to happen at such times in ignorance of the facts people assumed ignorance of the facts people assumed ignorance of the facts people assumed what they wanted to believe end quote so what they wanted to believe end quote so what they wanted to believe end quote so dismissive of the people treating things dismissive of the people treating things dismissive of the people treating things like freedom and Independence as slogans like freedom and Independence as slogans like freedom and Independence as slogans that politicians would use to sort of that politicians would use to sort of that politicians would use to sort of move the dull move the dull move the dull masses but I've always found it a masses but I've always found it a masses but I've always found it a fascinating sort of way to approach it fascinating sort of way to approach it fascinating sort of way to approach it remember Aryan lives at a time when he's remember Aryan lives at a time when he's remember Aryan lives at a time when he's subject to an emperor and he likes it subject to an emperor and he likes it subject to an emperor and he likes it but he kind of makes it sound like these but he kind of makes it sound like these but he kind of makes it sound like these revolutionaries as he calls them are

revolutionaries as he calls them are revolutionaries as he calls them are Leading the People by the nose here and Leading the People by the nose here and Leading the People by the nose here and they've got to keep these lies there's a they've got to keep these lies there's a they've got to keep these lies there's a Jim Jones aspect to this in the way aing Jim Jones aspect to this in the way aing Jim Jones aspect to this in the way aing does it got to keep these lies does it got to keep these lies does it got to keep these lies alive unfortunately for them Alexander alive unfortunately for them Alexander alive unfortunately for them Alexander is on the way to show that they are lies is on the way to show that they are lies is on the way to show that they are lies and he's coming at a truly alexandrian and he's coming at a truly alexandrian and he's coming at a truly alexandrian Pace as we pointed out this is one of Pace as we pointed out this is one of Pace as we pointed out this is one of his great qualities Peter Green says the his great qualities Peter Green says the his great qualities Peter Green says the pace of Alexander's Advance here pace of Alexander's Advance here pace of Alexander's Advance here outpaces the news of his arrival outpaces the news of his arrival outpaces the news of his arrival deodor culus just says all of a sudden deodor culus just says all of a sudden deodor culus just says all of a sudden Alexander's Army just appeared outside Alexander's Army just appeared outside Alexander's Army just appeared outside the gates of Thieves Ian worington the gates of Thieves Ian worington the gates of Thieves Ian worington breaks it down more than that though breaks it down more than that though breaks it down more than that though Alexander turns his Army south from Lia Alexander turns his Army south from Lia Alexander turns his Army south from Lia and marches it remember it's tired and marches it remember it's tired and marches it remember it's tired already 250 miles in 13 days with one already 250 miles in 13 days with one already 250 miles in 13 days with one day off to rest and remember most of day off to rest and remember most of day off to rest and remember most of these guys are on these guys are on these guys are on foot crazily enough I read in a couple foot crazily enough I read in a couple foot crazily enough I read in a couple of different sources cuz it's shocking of different sources cuz it's shocking of different sources cuz it's shocking the Army seemed to make the same 18 to the Army seemed to make the same 18 to the Army seemed to make the same 18 to 20 m per day rate whether they're on 20 m per day rate whether they're on 20 m per day rate whether they're on flat easy ground or going through crazy flat easy ground or going through crazy flat easy ground or going through crazy mountain mountain mountain passes the revolutionaries as Arion passes the revolutionaries as Arion passes the revolutionaries as Arion would call them in the city find out would call them in the city find out would call them in the city find out that Alexander is on the way when he's that Alexander is on the way when he's that Alexander is on the way when he's like three or four hours March like three or four hours March like three or four hours March distant and of course the people that distant and of course the people that distant and of course the people that are buying the revolutionaries you know are buying the revolutionaries you know are buying the revolutionaries you know Jive Aryan would say look to them say Jive Aryan would say look to them say Jive Aryan would say look to them say what about this and so they say that's what about this and so they say that's what about this and so they say that's not Alexander he could never be here not Alexander he could never be here not Alexander he could never be here that fast that's antipater his General that fast that's antipater his General that fast that's antipater his General that was in macadonia this isn't the that was in macadonia this isn't the that was in macadonia this isn't the full Macedonian army and that's not

full Macedonian army and that's not full Macedonian army and that's not Alexander but Alexander had sent a Alexander but Alexander had sent a Alexander but Alexander had sent a message to antipater basically saying uh message to antipater basically saying uh message to antipater basically saying uh get the rest of the army together that's get the rest of the army together that's get the rest of the army together that's not with me on this Northern Strike not with me on this Northern Strike not with me on this Northern Strike Force and meet me outside the walls of Force and meet me outside the walls of Force and meet me outside the walls of Thieves he tells the other cities around Thieves he tells the other cities around Thieves he tells the other cities around thieves that have been sort of bullied thieves that have been sort of bullied thieves that have been sort of bullied by Thieves for a while hey you know by Thieves for a while hey you know by Thieves for a while hey you know something bad might happen to that bully something bad might happen to that bully something bad might happen to that bully you don't like you want to be there meet you don't like you want to be there meet you don't like you want to be there meet me there too and by the time the thebans me there too and by the time the thebans me there too and by the time the thebans see an AR Army basically appearing see an AR Army basically appearing see an AR Army basically appearing nearby them it's 30,000 ft and 3,000 nearby them it's 30,000 ft and 3,000 nearby them it's 30,000 ft and 3,000 horse ah with Siege horse ah with Siege horse ah with Siege weapons Alexander and the Army just sort weapons Alexander and the Army just sort weapons Alexander and the Army just sort of camp out in front of Thieves for a of camp out in front of Thieves for a of camp out in front of Thieves for a couple of days the sources say and couple of days the sources say and couple of days the sources say and negotiations start the sources make it negotiations start the sources make it negotiations start the sources make it sound like Alexander tries to be cool sound like Alexander tries to be cool sound like Alexander tries to be cool here uh mainly because he doesn't want here uh mainly because he doesn't want here uh mainly because he doesn't want this problem at all certainly doesn't this problem at all certainly doesn't this problem at all certainly doesn't want to damage his army he's planning on want to damage his army he's planning on want to damage his army he's planning on going over and attacking the Persians going over and attacking the Persians going over and attacking the Persians and all this is just upsetting his and all this is just upsetting his and all this is just upsetting his timeline he wants it to go away all he timeline he wants it to go away all he timeline he wants it to go away all he asks for is you know a couple of ring asks for is you know a couple of ring asks for is you know a couple of ring leaders to be turned over really cool leaders to be turned over really cool leaders to be turned over really cool terms the theevans are having none of it terms the theevans are having none of it terms the theevans are having none of it theodoris sort of writing from the theodoris sort of writing from the theodoris sort of writing from the position of the American revolutionaries position of the American revolutionaries position of the American revolutionaries in the Revolutionary War that got in the Revolutionary War that got in the Revolutionary War that got crushed um that it's a Give me liberty crushed um that it's a Give me liberty crushed um that it's a Give me liberty or give me death moment and if not they or give me death moment and if not they or give me death moment and if not they they're pumping themselves up he says by they're pumping themselves up he says by they're pumping themselves up he says by reminding themselves how badass they reminding themselves how badass they reminding themselves how badass they used to be and how they still are used to be and how they still are used to be and how they still are actually but there's only like 7,000 of actually but there's only like 7,000 of actually but there's only like 7,000 of them and Alexander can't believe that them and Alexander can't believe that them and Alexander can't believe that 7,000 of them are ready to face 30,000 7,000 of them are ready to face 30,000 7,000 of them are ready to face 30,000 Macedonian infantry and 3,000 Macedonian

Macedonian infantry and 3,000 Macedonian Macedonian infantry and 3,000 Macedonian horse that is so experienced veteran and horse that is so experienced veteran and horse that is so experienced veteran and nasty that they're going to go take over nasty that they're going to go take over nasty that they're going to go take over the biggest empire in the world I mean the biggest empire in the world I mean the biggest empire in the world I mean just seems ludicrous an Aryan portraying just seems ludicrous an Aryan portraying just seems ludicrous an Aryan portraying it from the you know upper class British it from the you know upper class British it from the you know upper class British side of things after we destroyed those side of things after we destroyed those side of things after we destroyed those Colonials several hundred years ago um Colonials several hundred years ago um Colonials several hundred years ago um tries to have some sort of sympathy with tries to have some sort of sympathy with tries to have some sort of sympathy with the people suggesting that they're just the people suggesting that they're just the people suggesting that they're just deluded Again by these uh deluded Again by these uh deluded Again by these uh revolutionaries as he points out who revolutionaries as he points out who revolutionaries as he points out who have everything to lose because no have everything to lose because no have everything to lose because no matter what happens they're not going to matter what happens they're not going to matter what happens they're not going to farewell so why not you know take the farewell so why not you know take the farewell so why not you know take the whole city down with them and whole city down with them and whole city down with them and Alexander's hip to that because he Alexander's hip to that because he Alexander's hip to that because he actually says at one point in the you actually says at one point in the you actually says at one point in the you know with the negotiations between the know with the negotiations between the know with the negotiations between the two he's sending Heralds out they're two he's sending Heralds out they're two he's sending Heralds out they're sending Heralds out and they're yelling sending Heralds out and they're yelling sending Heralds out and they're yelling to each other the the terms he actually to each other the the terms he actually to each other the the terms he actually says hey anybody in the city that says hey anybody in the city that says hey anybody in the city that doesn't want to go along with that right doesn't want to go along with that right doesn't want to go along with that right how' you like to be on the losing end of how' you like to be on the losing end of how' you like to be on the losing end of a 60/40 vote on do we you know take on a 60/40 vote on do we you know take on a 60/40 vote on do we you know take on Alexander or not he's basically says to Alexander or not he's basically says to Alexander or not he's basically says to the 40% that were on the losing end or the 40% that were on the losing end or the 40% that were on the losing end or whatever it was hey if you didn't agree whatever it was hey if you didn't agree whatever it was hey if you didn't agree with that you can come over and you be with that you can come over and you be with that you can come over and you be spared just come out of the spared just come out of the spared just come out of the city and instead you know he gets city and instead you know he gets city and instead you know he gets attacked by a light infantry and Cavalry attacked by a light infantry and Cavalry attacked by a light infantry and Cavalry sort of quick strike force that kills a sort of quick strike force that kills a sort of quick strike force that kills a couple of macedonians not necessarily in couple of macedonians not necessarily in couple of macedonians not necessarily in the order I just portrayed it this is the order I just portrayed it this is the order I just portrayed it this is all kind of happening at once these are all kind of happening at once these are all kind of happening at once these are the negotiations to try to figure out the negotiations to try to figure out the negotiations to try to figure out whether this battle really has to whether this battle really has to whether this battle really has to happen but then the thians do something happen but then the thians do something happen but then the thians do something that in hindsight but they must have that in hindsight but they must have that in hindsight but they must have known it in a way too looks like known it in a way too looks like known it in a way too looks like taunting the lion here and and when taunting the lion here and and when taunting the lion here and and when Alexander basically says um portraying Alexander basically says um portraying Alexander basically says um portraying himself by the way Peter Green says as himself by the way Peter Green says as himself by the way Peter Green says as sort of the lawful representative of the

sort of the lawful representative of the sort of the lawful representative of the league of Corinth right he's not a league of Corinth right he's not a league of Corinth right he's not a butcher or a conqueror he's coming here butcher or a conqueror he's coming here butcher or a conqueror he's coming here to enforce the rules we all agreed on to enforce the rules we all agreed on to enforce the rules we all agreed on I'm not some you know bad guy so that's I'm not some you know bad guy so that's I'm not some you know bad guy so that's that's he's sort of portraying himself that's he's sort of portraying himself that's he's sort of portraying himself that way Peter Green says though that that way Peter Green says though that that way Peter Green says though that the response of the thebans here in the the response of the thebans here in the the response of the thebans here in the face of potential face of potential face of potential obliteration puts the lie to Alexander's obliteration puts the lie to Alexander's obliteration puts the lie to Alexander's framing of himself here and green writes framing of himself here and green writes framing of himself here and green writes quote the bans of course knew this as quote the bans of course knew this as quote the bans of course knew this as well as anyone and their next move well as anyone and their next move well as anyone and their next move deliberately blew Alexander's polite deliberately blew Alexander's polite deliberately blew Alexander's polite fiction Skyhigh in the most public fiction Skyhigh in the most public fiction Skyhigh in the most public possible manner by doing so they sealed possible manner by doing so they sealed possible manner by doing so they sealed their own fate from the highest tower of their own fate from the highest tower of their own fate from the highest tower of Thieves their Herald made a counter Thieves their Herald made a counter Thieves their Herald made a counter demand and a counter offer they would he demand and a counter offer they would he demand and a counter offer they would he announced be willing to negotiate with announced be willing to negotiate with announced be willing to negotiate with Alexander if the Macedonian first Alexander if the Macedonian first Alexander if the Macedonian first surrendered antipater and fotus end surrendered antipater and fotus end surrendered antipater and fotus end quote let me stop you there it's like quote let me stop you there it's like quote let me stop you there it's like asking for two of their top guys yeah asking for two of their top guys yeah asking for two of their top guys yeah won't you give us your two top guys and won't you give us your two top guys and won't you give us your two top guys and we all won't go after you green we all won't go after you green we all won't go after you green continues continues continues quote after this little pleasantry he quote after this little pleasantry he quote after this little pleasantry he went on to Proclaim now quoting The went on to Proclaim now quoting The went on to Proclaim now quoting The Herald that anyone who wished to join Herald that anyone who wished to join Herald that anyone who wished to join the great King of Persia and thieves in the great King of Persia and thieves in the great King of Persia and thieves in freeing the Greeks and destroying the freeing the Greeks and destroying the freeing the Greeks and destroying the Tyrant of Greece should come over to Tyrant of Greece should come over to Tyrant of Greece should come over to them green says quote the venomous them green says quote the venomous them green says quote the venomous concise Ness of this indictment was concise Ness of this indictment was concise Ness of this indictment was calculated to flick Alexander on the jaw calculated to flick Alexander on the jaw calculated to flick Alexander on the jaw and the reference to a Persian on taant

and the reference to a Persian on taant and the reference to a Persian on taant which might just conceivably be true which might just conceivably be true which might just conceivably be true could hardly help striking home if the could hardly help striking home if the could hardly help striking home if the thians main object was to provoke the thians main object was to provoke the thians main object was to provoke the king into disgard his holier than thou king into disgard his holier than thou king into disgard his holier than thou mask they succeeded All Too Well the mask they succeeded All Too Well the mask they succeeded All Too Well the word Tyrant stung Alexander no one likes word Tyrant stung Alexander no one likes word Tyrant stung Alexander no one likes hearing unwelcome home truths about hearing unwelcome home truths about hearing unwelcome home truths about themselves least of all a general whose themselves least of all a general whose themselves least of all a general whose men are within earshot and he flew into men are within earshot and he flew into men are within earshot and he flew into one of his famous rages end quote one of his famous rages end quote one of his famous rages end quote Alexander is famous for his rages and Alexander is famous for his rages and Alexander is famous for his rages and this is really the first time we bring this is really the first time we bring this is really the first time we bring it up because it's the first time it it up because it's the first time it it up because it's the first time it really comes into play at the same time really comes into play at the same time really comes into play at the same time there are power politics reasons for there are power politics reasons for there are power politics reasons for doing what he's about to do also so it doing what he's about to do also so it doing what he's about to do also so it is tough to know where one leaves off is tough to know where one leaves off is tough to know where one leaves off and the other and the other and the other begins Plutarch the ancient also Greek begins Plutarch the ancient also Greek begins Plutarch the ancient also Greek but in the Roman era historian utar but in the Roman era historian utar but in the Roman era historian utar mentions this early on and vemar Heckle mentions this early on and vemar Heckle mentions this early on and vemar Heckle in his book in the path of Conquest in his book in the path of Conquest in his book in the path of Conquest points it out when he says quote for the points it out when he says quote for the points it out when he says quote for the first of many times Alexander meant to first of many times Alexander meant to first of many times Alexander meant to use the terror of Destruction and use the terror of Destruction and use the terror of Destruction and Annihilation to make an example of those Annihilation to make an example of those Annihilation to make an example of those who dared to defy him thinking that now who dared to defy him thinking that now who dared to defy him thinking that now quoting Plutarch the Greeks would be quoting Plutarch the Greeks would be quoting Plutarch the Greeks would be shocked by a disaster of such shocked by a disaster of such shocked by a disaster of such proportions and thus frightened into an proportions and thus frightened into an proportions and thus frightened into an action end action end action end quote so maybe when it comes to the quote so maybe when it comes to the quote so maybe when it comes to the anger anger anger versus the power politics move maybe a versus the power politics move maybe a versus the power politics move maybe a little of column A a little of column little of column A a little of column little of column A a little of column B now I can't help but think about this

B now I can't help but think about this B now I can't help but think about this divide for a minute because if Alexander divide for a minute because if Alexander divide for a minute because if Alexander doing this purely for geopolitical doing this purely for geopolitical doing this purely for geopolitical reasons power politics reasons well reasons power politics reasons well reasons power politics reasons well shoot that's just part for the course shoot that's just part for the course shoot that's just part for the course right how many leaders and Generals and right how many leaders and Generals and right how many leaders and Generals and conquerors in history do things for that conquerors in history do things for that conquerors in history do things for that reason but if this guy's really doing a reason but if this guy's really doing a reason but if this guy's really doing a lot of what he's doing because he loses lot of what he's doing because he loses lot of what he's doing because he loses it sometimes you know regrets it later it sometimes you know regrets it later it sometimes you know regrets it later wish it didn't happen but of course you wish it didn't happen but of course you wish it didn't happen but of course you can't really turn back time if some of can't really turn back time if some of can't really turn back time if some of what happens in this story is based on what happens in this story is based on what happens in this story is based on this guy getting pissed off and not this guy getting pissed off and not this guy getting pissed off and not being able to control himself think being able to control himself think being able to control himself think about what a personality trait that is about what a personality trait that is about what a personality trait that is and how it sort of intersects with some and how it sort of intersects with some and how it sort of intersects with some key moments in history here like this key moments in history here like this key moments in history here like this one deodor says Alexander shows up he's one deodor says Alexander shows up he's one deodor says Alexander shows up he's going to be cool he wants to make a deal going to be cool he wants to make a deal going to be cool he wants to make a deal just wants to get on with this because just wants to get on with this because just wants to get on with this because remember the last time he showed up with remember the last time he showed up with remember the last time he showed up with an army outside of Thieves the thians an army outside of Thieves the thians an army outside of Thieves the thians just sort of rolled over right away and just sort of rolled over right away and just sort of rolled over right away and maybe he had this idea that they could maybe he had this idea that they could maybe he had this idea that they could do it do it do it again green basically says Alexander was again green basically says Alexander was again green basically says Alexander was going to let him get off the hook with going to let him get off the hook with going to let him get off the hook with the we thought you were dead the we thought you were dead the we thought you were dead thing right so how cool can you be and thing right so how cool can you be and thing right so how cool can you be and the thians in the Waterfield translation the thians in the Waterfield translation the thians in the Waterfield translation deodor says Alexander thought the thians deodor says Alexander thought the thians deodor says Alexander thought the thians treated him with treated him with treated him with contempt in the lobe classical contempt in the lobe classical contempt in the lobe classical translation it says that Alexander translation it says that Alexander translation it says that Alexander figured out essentially that the thebans figured out essentially that the thebans figured out essentially that the thebans dis despised him and so he decided to dis despised him and so he decided to dis despised him and so he decided to destroy the city destroy the city destroy the city utterly and then deodor says he made utterly and then deodor says he made utterly and then deodor says he made that call and said you know anybody who

that call and said you know anybody who that call and said you know anybody who wanted to surrender could and the wanted to surrender could and the wanted to surrender could and the thebans essentially flipped him off thebans essentially flipped him off thebans essentially flipped him off which made him go crazy and that's when which made him go crazy and that's when which made him go crazy and that's when he decided deodor says to destroy the he decided deodor says to destroy the he decided deodor says to destroy the city even worse than he decided to city even worse than he decided to city even worse than he decided to destroy the city before and to teach the destroy the city before and to teach the destroy the city before and to teach the rest of gree a lesson so sort of a side rest of gree a lesson so sort of a side rest of gree a lesson so sort of a side benefit benefit benefit there so there's a action ual order that there so there's a action ual order that there so there's a action ual order that it you know okay you pissed me off it you know okay you pissed me off it you know okay you pissed me off finally enough and uh it's on and plutar finally enough and uh it's on and plutar finally enough and uh it's on and plutar makes it sound sort of more mechanical makes it sound sort of more mechanical makes it sound sort of more mechanical too you know are you going to give me too you know are you going to give me too you know are you going to give me what I want no okay we're attacking Aran what I want no okay we're attacking Aran what I want no okay we're attacking Aran though remember what I said If you're though remember what I said If you're though remember what I said If you're trying to explain away something that is trying to explain away something that is trying to explain away something that is a famous blight on Alexander the Great's a famous blight on Alexander the Great's a famous blight on Alexander the Great's reputation you got to jump through some reputation you got to jump through some reputation you got to jump through some hoops now here and if your main source hoops now here and if your main source hoops now here and if your main source is tmy who was probably there and who is tmy who was probably there and who is tmy who was probably there and who had people he hated commanding other had people he hated commanding other had people he hated commanding other parts of the parts of the parts of the army and it's your account we're going army and it's your account we're going army and it's your account we're going from and you also want to try to absolve from and you also want to try to absolve from and you also want to try to absolve Alexander as much as you can from Alexander as much as you can from Alexander as much as you can from responsibility because well it reflects responsibility because well it reflects responsibility because well it reflects on you he was your friend there's a on you he was your friend there's a on you he was your friend there's a whole lot of things involved here well whole lot of things involved here well whole lot of things involved here well aryion has Alexander the complete aryion has Alexander the complete aryion has Alexander the complete opposite of a rage machine Alexander is opposite of a rage machine Alexander is opposite of a rage machine Alexander is the absolute soul of you know sort of the absolute soul of you know sort of the absolute soul of you know sort of rationality he's reluctant to do rationality he's reluctant to do rationality he's reluctant to do anything uh both he and deodor say that anything uh both he and deodor say that anything uh both he and deodor say that he just sort of camps out in front of he just sort of camps out in front of he just sort of camps out in front of Thieves for a little while and can you Thieves for a little while and can you Thieves for a little while and can you imagine you know you could do a whole imagine you know you could do a whole imagine you know you could do a whole movie on what it must have been like movie on what it must have been like movie on what it must have been like inside the city in terms of the

inside the city in terms of the inside the city in terms of the percolating arguments between people percolating arguments between people percolating arguments between people remember all these Greek cities are remember all these Greek cities are remember all these Greek cities are divided into different factions and and divided into different factions and and divided into different factions and and these revolutionaries had come in and these revolutionaries had come in and these revolutionaries had come in and now they have Alexander outside their now they have Alexander outside their now they have Alexander outside their Gates and you know it's it's only like Gates and you know it's it's only like Gates and you know it's it's only like two or three weeks since the the two or three weeks since the the two or three weeks since the the so-called Revolution right actually as I so-called Revolution right actually as I so-called Revolution right actually as I do the math here it's probably closer to do the math here it's probably closer to do the math here it's probably closer to a month but you get the point I mean a month but you get the point I mean a month but you get the point I mean people people must be boiling over some people people must be boiling over some people people must be boiling over some want to surrender and Alexander says you want to surrender and Alexander says you want to surrender and Alexander says you know you can surrender some want to know you can surrender some want to know you can surrender some want to fight on especially the guys who are fight on especially the guys who are fight on especially the guys who are going to get executed no matter what I going to get executed no matter what I going to get executed no matter what I mean it's always dangerous all real mean it's always dangerous all real mean it's always dangerous all real historians will tell you it's crazy historians will tell you it's crazy historians will tell you it's crazy dangerous to to play with analogies here dangerous to to play with analogies here dangerous to to play with analogies here um but the way the translations all um but the way the translations all um but the way the translations all phrase it from the primary sources is phrase it from the primary sources is phrase it from the primary sources is this is a freedom thing even if what the this is a freedom thing even if what the this is a freedom thing even if what the thians think of is freedom doesn't match thians think of is freedom doesn't match thians think of is freedom doesn't match what we think of as Freedom at all what we think of as Freedom at all what we think of as Freedom at all and we should also point out that you and we should also point out that you and we should also point out that you know before we side to wholeheartedly know before we side to wholeheartedly know before we side to wholeheartedly with the thians here as people who like with the thians here as people who like with the thians here as people who like Freedom ourselves um the neighbors of Freedom ourselves um the neighbors of Freedom ourselves um the neighbors of Thieves who were often at the receiving Thieves who were often at the receiving Thieves who were often at the receiving end of Thieves uh bullying and whatnot end of Thieves uh bullying and whatnot end of Thieves uh bullying and whatnot uh they might say why are you siding uh they might say why are you siding uh they might say why are you siding with the bad guys here and when they with the bad guys here and when they with the bad guys here and when they side with Alexander they're finally side with Alexander they're finally side with Alexander they're finally getting a chance to punch the bully in getting a chance to punch the bully in getting a chance to punch the bully in the nose maybe but in this case the the nose maybe but in this case the the nose maybe but in this case the rhetoric of Thieves in the translations rhetoric of Thieves in the translations rhetoric of Thieves in the translations appeals to us cuz it sounds like well if appeals to us cuz it sounds like well if appeals to us cuz it sounds like well if you're an American especially but the you're an American especially but the you're an American especially but the funny thing about the Americans against funny thing about the Americans against funny thing about the Americans against the British is Once Upon a Time you know the British is Once Upon a Time you know the British is Once Upon a Time you know the British are having their own the British are having their own the British are having their own revolutions I mean uh people all over

revolutions I mean uh people all over revolutions I mean uh people all over the world can understand this idea of the world can understand this idea of the world can understand this idea of being in a sort of a war to preserve or being in a sort of a war to preserve or being in a sort of a war to preserve or regain one's freedom and Independence regain one's freedom and Independence regain one's freedom and Independence and maybe having it be a war Against All and maybe having it be a war Against All and maybe having it be a war Against All Odds and that's the way the theevans Odds and that's the way the theevans Odds and that's the way the theevans sort of see this sort of see this sort of see this thing and so when Alexander says just thing and so when Alexander says just thing and so when Alexander says just give me those two guys and we'll call it give me those two guys and we'll call it give me those two guys and we'll call it good that also means and we'll go back good that also means and we'll go back good that also means and we'll go back to the way things were when I was to the way things were when I was to the way things were when I was running the show and you didn't have running the show and you didn't have running the show and you didn't have your your your freedom that's the real deal he's asking freedom that's the real deal he's asking freedom that's the real deal he's asking for and a lot of us can understand being for and a lot of us can understand being for and a lot of us can understand being unwilling to take a deal like that the unwilling to take a deal like that the unwilling to take a deal like that the difference here though when it starts difference here though when it starts difference here though when it starts getting really dark and you can just getting really dark and you can just getting really dark and you can just feel it is the thians F first of all feel it is the thians F first of all feel it is the thians F first of all arming your slaves and arming the the arming your slaves and arming the the arming your slaves and arming the the merchants and the people who are just merchants and the people who are just merchants and the people who are just visiting the city uh with weapons gives visiting the city uh with weapons gives visiting the city uh with weapons gives you a sense of the um level of the you a sense of the um level of the you a sense of the um level of the danger but it's also the taking of your danger but it's also the taking of your danger but it's also the taking of your wives and your children and all of the wives and your children and all of the wives and your children and all of the old people and running them into the old people and running them into the old people and running them into the sanctuaries and religious temples hoping sanctuaries and religious temples hoping sanctuaries and religious temples hoping that if something bad happens and you that if something bad happens and you that if something bad happens and you know the odds are probably 8020 I mean know the odds are probably 8020 I mean know the odds are probably 8020 I mean you can puff yourself up all you want you can puff yourself up all you want you can puff yourself up all you want you can say that the defenses and being you can say that the defenses and being you can say that the defenses and being on the defensive with the city here is a on the defensive with the city here is a on the defensive with the city here is a force multiplier and it is uh but this force multiplier and it is uh but this force multiplier and it is uh but this is an army that was just about is just is an army that was just about is just is an army that was just about is just about to go overseas and take on the about to go overseas and take on the about to go overseas and take on the biggest empire in the world they're biggest empire in the world they're biggest empire in the world they're veterans they they've well never lost veterans they they've well never lost veterans they they've well never lost under Alexander rarely lost under his under Alexander rarely lost under his under Alexander rarely lost under his father this doesn't look good so you father this doesn't look good so you father this doesn't look good so you hope when you take your vulnerable parts hope when you take your vulnerable parts hope when you take your vulnerable parts of the population to the temples that of the population to the temples that of the population to the temples that they'll be safe there and there's a

they'll be safe there and there's a they'll be safe there and there's a pretty good chance they won't and you pretty good chance they won't and you pretty good chance they won't and you know know know that off the top of my head I find it that off the top of my head I find it that off the top of my head I find it hard to think of hard to think of hard to think of anything more likely to create a sense anything more likely to create a sense anything more likely to create a sense of of of crushing pressure in desperation on the crushing pressure in desperation on the crushing pressure in desperation on the part of everyone in this story I mean part of everyone in this story I mean part of everyone in this story I mean the mother looking down at their child the mother looking down at their child the mother looking down at their child in one of these temples thinking about in one of these temples thinking about in one of these temples thinking about what the next 24 hours might look like what the next 24 hours might look like what the next 24 hours might look like the soldier on the front line thinking the soldier on the front line thinking the soldier on the front line thinking about his family back in these temples about his family back in these temples about his family back in these temples and knowing what happens in the sacking and knowing what happens in the sacking and knowing what happens in the sacking of cities in the ancient world of cities in the ancient world of cities in the ancient world normally thinking about that happening normally thinking about that happening normally thinking about that happening to the PE I I can't think of anything to the PE I I can't think of anything to the PE I I can't think of anything more likely to make me fight with unbel more likely to make me fight with unbel more likely to make me fight with unbel believable ferocity than believable ferocity than believable ferocity than that and it still blows my mind that that and it still blows my mind that that and it still blows my mind that when the thebans Apparently had a get when the thebans Apparently had a get when the thebans Apparently had a get out of jail free card here and none of out of jail free card here and none of out of jail free card here and none of this had to happen they didn't use it this had to happen they didn't use it this had to happen they didn't use it right they were offered the chance to right they were offered the chance to right they were offered the chance to get out of this with just handing over a get out of this with just handing over a get out of this with just handing over a couple of ring leaders you know a couple couple of ring leaders you know a couple couple of ring leaders you know a couple of these revolutionary Thugs who came of these revolutionary Thugs who came of these revolutionary Thugs who came into the city maybe area and would say into the city maybe area and would say into the city maybe area and would say and and Hoodwinked the and and Hoodwinked the and and Hoodwinked the people and they turned it down all they had to do was give up their all they had to do was give up their freedom and none of this has to happen freedom and none of this has to happen freedom and none of this has to happen and if this turns out the way it's and if this turns out the way it's and if this turns out the way it's likely to turn out they're not going to likely to turn out they're not going to likely to turn out they're not going to have any freedom anyway that's the real have any freedom anyway that's the real have any freedom anyway that's the real irony of the whole deal and this is what

irony of the whole deal and this is what irony of the whole deal and this is what they chose and they thought they were they chose and they thought they were they chose and they thought they were going to have help but interestingly going to have help but interestingly going to have help but interestingly enough the other Greek States who also enough the other Greek States who also enough the other Greek States who also you know want their own Freedom autonomy you know want their own Freedom autonomy you know want their own Freedom autonomy Liberty and all that sort of stuff Liberty and all that sort of stuff Liberty and all that sort of stuff whatever it means to them um they think whatever it means to them um they think whatever it means to them um they think that maybe the thebans are getting what that maybe the thebans are getting what that maybe the thebans are getting what they deserve here because after all they deserve here because after all they deserve here because after all nobody told you to be that thick necked nobody told you to be that thick necked nobody told you to be that thick necked about it right you could have negotiated about it right you could have negotiated about it right you could have negotiated that's what the oracles and signs were that's what the oracles and signs were that's what the oracles and signs were all saying and the prophecies but you all saying and the prophecies but you all saying and the prophecies but you had to go be all thick neck about it had had to go be all thick neck about it had had to go be all thick neck about it had to take that Give me liberty or give me to take that Give me liberty or give me to take that Give me liberty or give me death thing a little bit too literally death thing a little bit too literally death thing a little bit too literally well I can't help you this well I can't help you this well I can't help you this time and the thebans knowing this go time and the thebans knowing this go time and the thebans knowing this go through with this anyway it's a very through with this anyway it's a very through with this anyway it's a very interesting situation theodoris looks at interesting situation theodoris looks at interesting situation theodoris looks at it as positively heroic it as positively heroic it as positively heroic Aran says Alexander marches his army Aran says Alexander marches his army Aran says Alexander marches his army around to the side of one of thieves' around to the side of one of thieves' around to the side of one of thieves' walls at a certain point the cities you walls at a certain point the cities you walls at a certain point the cities you have to imagine the city surrounded by a have to imagine the city surrounded by a have to imagine the city surrounded by a nice Stout wall all the way around but nice Stout wall all the way around but nice Stout wall all the way around but on one part of it it butts right up to on one part of it it butts right up to on one part of it it butts right up to that area where Alexander's Macedonian that area where Alexander's Macedonian that area where Alexander's Macedonian Garrison is trapped and has been under Garrison is trapped and has been under Garrison is trapped and has been under siege since this little Revolution began siege since this little Revolution began siege since this little Revolution began right the thebans built a couple of right the thebans built a couple of right the thebans built a couple of Palisades out there to sort of wall It Palisades out there to sort of wall It Palisades out there to sort of wall It Off from any sort of help but it's right Off from any sort of help but it's right Off from any sort of help but it's right up against the wall up against the wall up against the wall those Palisades I had to look it up to those Palisades I had to look it up to those Palisades I had to look it up to get a real good idea what they mean when get a real good idea what they mean when get a real good idea what they mean when they say that is that and and there's they say that is that and and there's they say that is that and and there's can be variations or imagine those sorts can be variations or imagine those sorts can be variations or imagine those sorts of walls that you've seen that are of walls that you've seen that are of walls that you've seen that are essentially a bunch of Tree Trunks essentially a bunch of Tree Trunks essentially a bunch of Tree Trunks sharpened at the top and then placed in sharpened at the top and then placed in sharpened at the top and then placed in the ground one right next to another so

the ground one right next to another so the ground one right next to another so there's no gaps between them and there's there's no gaps between them and there's there's no gaps between them and there's a couple of those a couple of lines of a couple of those a couple of lines of a couple of those a couple of lines of them with space for troops to fight in them with space for troops to fight in them with space for troops to fight in between that now is sort of if you think between that now is sort of if you think between that now is sort of if you think about it this way the weak spot in the about it this way the weak spot in the about it this way the weak spot in the defense is because instead of the Stout defense is because instead of the Stout defense is because instead of the Stout regular wall of Thieves they have this regular wall of Thieves they have this regular wall of Thieves they have this you know double sort of temporary wall you know double sort of temporary wall you know double sort of temporary wall and that's where Alexander takes his and that's where Alexander takes his and that's where Alexander takes his troops over to that side because if he troops over to that side because if he troops over to that side because if he can punch through there he's also right can punch through there he's also right can punch through there he's also right by you know where all his other soldiers by you know where all his other soldiers by you know where all his other soldiers are trapped and the Garrison can link up are trapped and the Garrison can link up are trapped and the Garrison can link up with his forces and then it's all over with his forces and then it's all over with his forces and then it's all over the thians know this too so that's where the thians know this too so that's where the thians know this too so that's where they've placed their troops and this they've placed their troops and this they've placed their troops and this whole battle is going to be fought over whole battle is going to be fought over whole battle is going to be fought over these barricades it's a barricade battle these barricades it's a barricade battle these barricades it's a barricade battle if you will it's good for the theevans if you will it's good for the theevans if you will it's good for the theevans it nullifies some of what the it nullifies some of what the it nullifies some of what the macedonians do best sort of um is a macedonians do best sort of um is a macedonians do best sort of um is a great equalizer didn't we say a force great equalizer didn't we say a force great equalizer didn't we say a force multiplier earlier but they're still multiplier earlier but they're still multiplier earlier but they're still outnumbered four or five to one and outnumbered four or five to one and outnumbered four or five to one and while their regular soldiers their 7,000 while their regular soldiers their 7,000 while their regular soldiers their 7,000 infantry and Cavalry are very good you infantry and Cavalry are very good you infantry and Cavalry are very good you know you can't count on the slaves to do know you can't count on the slaves to do know you can't count on the slaves to do well against the macedonians or your well against the macedonians or your well against the macedonians or your traveling salesman or your guy just traveling salesman or your guy just traveling salesman or your guy just vacationing in thieves or to visit his vacationing in thieves or to visit his vacationing in thieves or to visit his mother or whatever it is that you've mother or whatever it is that you've mother or whatever it is that you've just armed this is a bit of a Last Stand just armed this is a bit of a Last Stand just armed this is a bit of a Last Stand sort of deal and it reminds you of all sort of deal and it reminds you of all sort of deal and it reminds you of all the great last stands in history from the great last stands in history from the great last stands in history from thermopolymerization to the Alamo and thermopolymerization to the Alamo and thermopolymerization to the Alamo and all those kinds of things with a small all those kinds of things with a small all those kinds of things with a small chance of success theodoris makes it chance of success theodoris makes it chance of success theodoris makes it even a little bit more of a close run even a little bit more of a close run even a little bit more of a close run thing theodoris and Plutarch both have thing theodoris and Plutarch both have thing theodoris and Plutarch both have Alexander sort of preparing his forces Alexander sort of preparing his forces Alexander sort of preparing his forces for the assault and then when he's ready

for the assault and then when he's ready for the assault and then when he's ready when the artillery is assembled uh when the artillery is assembled uh when the artillery is assembled uh launching it essentially pretty launching it essentially pretty launching it essentially pretty straightforward Aryan on the other hand straightforward Aryan on the other hand straightforward Aryan on the other hand as we've already alluded to using tmy as as we've already alluded to using tmy as as we've already alluded to using tmy as a source and tmy having every reason to a source and tmy having every reason to a source and tmy having every reason to absolve absolve absolve Alexander for as much of this Alexander for as much of this Alexander for as much of this responsibility as possible uh says that responsibility as possible uh says that responsibility as possible uh says that the fighting started when one of the fighting started when one of the fighting started when one of Alexander's subordinates named picus Alexander's subordinates named picus Alexander's subordinates named picus attacked with his forces without orders attacked with his forces without orders attacked with his forces without orders an unauthorized assault the leader of an unauthorized assault the leader of an unauthorized assault the leader of the unauthorized assault just happens to the unauthorized assault just happens to the unauthorized assault just happens to be the Archen enemy of tmy so I mean be the Archen enemy of tmy so I mean be the Archen enemy of tmy so I mean think about how elegant this is he gets think about how elegant this is he gets think about how elegant this is he gets to write his history gets to laad and to write his history gets to laad and to write his history gets to laad and sort of defend his boss and friend and sort of defend his boss and friend and sort of defend his boss and friend and the person he owes his legitimacy to the person he owes his legitimacy to the person he owes his legitimacy to while at the same time turning around while at the same time turning around while at the same time turning around and Shifting the blame for all these and Shifting the blame for all these and Shifting the blame for all these terrible things Alexander's critics say terrible things Alexander's critics say terrible things Alexander's critics say about you know how he handled all this about you know how he handled all this about you know how he handled all this theven stuff and blame it all on his theven stuff and blame it all on his theven stuff and blame it all on his worst enemy it's a two for one deal it's worst enemy it's a two for one deal it's worst enemy it's a two for one deal it's wonderful but we have to notice it wonderful but we have to notice it wonderful but we have to notice it doesn't mean it didn't happen Adrien doesn't mean it didn't happen Adrien doesn't mean it didn't happen Adrien goldsworthy um in his Philip and goldsworthy um in his Philip and goldsworthy um in his Philip and Alexander uh he talks about how when you Alexander uh he talks about how when you Alexander uh he talks about how when you station troops so close together maybe station troops so close together maybe station troops so close together maybe with that barricade in between them but with that barricade in between them but with that barricade in between them but think about the things that are said to think about the things that are said to think about the things that are said to one another um it's not uncommon for one another um it's not uncommon for one another um it's not uncommon for troops to sort of in an unauthorized way troops to sort of in an unauthorized way troops to sort of in an unauthorized way just lose it an assault when that just lose it an assault when that just lose it an assault when that happens though uh no matter what the happens though uh no matter what the happens though uh no matter what the reason Alexander is forced to throw in

reason Alexander is forced to throw in reason Alexander is forced to throw in more troops to protect the flank so that more troops to protect the flank so that more troops to protect the flank so that paricus and his forces don't get cut off paricus and his forces don't get cut off paricus and his forces don't get cut off and surrounded that sucks in eventually and surrounded that sucks in eventually and surrounded that sucks in eventually the rest of Alexander's Army and the the rest of Alexander's Army and the the rest of Alexander's Army and the area in account is one where Alex never area in account is one where Alex never area in account is one where Alex never even really launched the assault on even really launched the assault on even really launched the assault on thieves he just got dragged into it thieves he just got dragged into it thieves he just got dragged into it plausible deniability for whatever plausible deniability for whatever plausible deniability for whatever happens next it's all pius's happens next it's all pius's happens next it's all pius's fault perus though in the diodorus fault perus though in the diodorus fault perus though in the diodorus version is like the hero the guy who version is like the hero the guy who version is like the hero the guy who leads uh sort of a Commando assault when leads uh sort of a Commando assault when leads uh sort of a Commando assault when Alexander somewhere in the midst of the Alexander somewhere in the midst of the Alexander somewhere in the midst of the fighting sees an unguarded gate or door fighting sees an unguarded gate or door fighting sees an unguarded gate or door but before that happens things break out but before that happens things break out but before that happens things break out over the palisad and diodorus says over the palisad and diodorus says over the palisad and diodorus says everybody starts throwing everything everybody starts throwing everything everybody starts throwing everything they they can over sort of the Divide they they can over sort of the Divide they they can over sort of the Divide it's easier for me to Envision this kind it's easier for me to Envision this kind it's easier for me to Envision this kind of a battle than a more open ancient of a battle than a more open ancient of a battle than a more open ancient battle cuz you can see this sometimes in battle cuz you can see this sometimes in battle cuz you can see this sometimes in riots and go look at Riot footage where riots and go look at Riot footage where riots and go look at Riot footage where you have a barricade essentially of of you have a barricade essentially of of you have a barricade essentially of of shields or a wall in there and the fight shields or a wall in there and the fight shields or a wall in there and the fight it breaks up the fighting and turns it it breaks up the fighting and turns it it breaks up the fighting and turns it into something that is pretty into something that is pretty into something that is pretty predictable so these large groups of predictable so these large groups of predictable so these large groups of people sort of throwing things over the people sort of throwing things over the people sort of throwing things over the barricade and and pushing and barricade and and pushing and barricade and and pushing and shoving no uh specific word on whether shoving no uh specific word on whether shoving no uh specific word on whether the artillery was used to punch a hole the artillery was used to punch a hole the artillery was used to punch a hole in one of these Palisades but somehow a in one of these Palisades but somehow a in one of these Palisades but somehow a hole is hole is hole is punched and no one says of course how punched and no one says of course how punched and no one says of course how wide it is but picus and his forces wide it is but picus and his forces wide it is but picus and his forces stream through and are able to get to stream through and are able to get to stream through and are able to get to the second Palisade remember there's one the second Palisade remember there's one the second Palisade remember there's one an open space and then another but he an open space and then another but he an open space and then another but he and his troops get trapped there and and his troops get trapped there and and his troops get trapped there and stopped and the fighting is going on stopped and the fighting is going on stopped and the fighting is going on Alexander sends the Iranians and The

Alexander sends the Iranians and The Alexander sends the Iranians and The Archers you know his famous quick Strike Archers you know his famous quick Strike Archers you know his famous quick Strike Force into the breach tells them to Fan Force into the breach tells them to Fan Force into the breach tells them to Fan out they start um apparently trapping a out they start um apparently trapping a out they start um apparently trapping a unit again hard to imagine the sizes of unit again hard to imagine the sizes of unit again hard to imagine the sizes of the forces we're talking about here but the forces we're talking about here but the forces we're talking about here but I love the way in Aryan he specifically I love the way in Aryan he specifically I love the way in Aryan he specifically says over by the sunken Road near the says over by the sunken Road near the says over by the sunken Road near the Temple of Heracles as though it's still Temple of Heracles as though it's still Temple of Heracles as though it's still there you can go see it that's right there you can go see it that's right there you can go see it that's right where they got all trapped and The where they got all trapped and The where they got all trapped and The Archers are sort of keeping them at Archers are sort of keeping them at Archers are sort of keeping them at Bay and then at a certain point aryion Bay and then at a certain point aryion Bay and then at a certain point aryion says the thians who are kept at Bay uh says the thians who are kept at Bay uh says the thians who are kept at Bay uh run away the light troops chase them and run away the light troops chase them and run away the light troops chase them and then at almost like a pre-arranged then at almost like a pre-arranged then at almost like a pre-arranged the theevans who are running away with a the theevans who are running away with a the theevans who are running away with a shout turnaround in formation the you shout turnaround in formation the you shout turnaround in formation the you can almost see it's like a a movie where can almost see it's like a a movie where can almost see it's like a a movie where the archers and everybody who are the archers and everybody who are the archers and everybody who are chasing them and so confident all of a chasing them and so confident all of a chasing them and so confident all of a sudden they're at the point of the sudden they're at the point of the sudden they're at the point of the Spears and Aryan says about 70 archers Spears and Aryan says about 70 archers Spears and Aryan says about 70 archers were killed along with their uh leader were killed along with their uh leader were killed along with their uh leader the rest of them run back towards the rest of them run back towards the rest of them run back towards Alexander supposedly for the protection Alexander supposedly for the protection Alexander supposedly for the protection of the heavier troops and while the of the heavier troops and while the of the heavier troops and while the theevans who just killed those archers theevans who just killed those archers theevans who just killed those archers and just turned around and yelled and and just turned around and yelled and and just turned around and yelled and have this temporary Victory while have this temporary Victory while have this temporary Victory while they're chasing now the people that used they're chasing now the people that used they're chasing now the people that used to be chasing them they get all strung to be chasing them they get all strung to be chasing them they get all strung out they lose formation and then they out they lose formation and then they out they lose formation and then they run into Alexander and the close order run into Alexander and the close order run into Alexander and the close order troops theodoras has an account that is troops theodoras has an account that is troops theodoras has an account that is much more last Standish with the thebans much more last Standish with the thebans much more last Standish with the thebans doing so well they almost win he says doing so well they almost win he says doing so well they almost win he says they take on Alexander's first forces

they take on Alexander's first forces they take on Alexander's first forces and they wear them down he says that the and they wear them down he says that the and they wear them down he says that the uh macedonians have the numbers and the uh macedonians have the numbers and the uh macedonians have the numbers and the depth of the formation but the thians depth of the formation but the thians depth of the formation but the thians because they go to the gym are in better because they go to the gym are in better because they go to the gym are in better shape and that the two sort of balance shape and that the two sort of balance shape and that the two sort of balance each other out for a while and then each other out for a while and then each other out for a while and then after the thians deodor says uh send the after the thians deodor says uh send the after the thians deodor says uh send the first unit back to go rest and refit first unit back to go rest and refit first unit back to go rest and refit Alexander throws in the reserves which Alexander throws in the reserves which Alexander throws in the reserves which normally would do the trick according to normally would do the trick according to normally would do the trick according to diodoros you don't you know when the diodoros you don't you know when the diodoros you don't you know when the reserves come in that's normally when reserves come in that's normally when reserves come in that's normally when it's over but not this time the thebans it's over but not this time the thebans it's over but not this time the thebans fighting for all that they had you know fighting for all that they had you know fighting for all that they had you know for freedom for their families back in for freedom for their families back in for freedom for their families back in the temples everything they're holding the temples everything they're holding the temples everything they're holding their own now against the reserves and their own now against the reserves and their own now against the reserves and sort of sort of sort of theodoris has them like yelling slurs at theodoris has them like yelling slurs at theodoris has them like yelling slurs at each other and you know you know who's each other and you know you know who's each other and you know you know who's Superior now all these kinds of things Superior now all these kinds of things Superior now all these kinds of things but in a very like Persians getting but in a very like Persians getting but in a very like Persians getting around the path of thermopan attacking around the path of thermopan attacking around the path of thermopan attacking the Spartans in the rear the Spartans in the rear the Spartans in the rear way as we said Alexander specifically way as we said Alexander specifically way as we said Alexander specifically maybe according to these accounts spies maybe according to these accounts spies maybe according to these accounts spies an unguarded gate or door or something an unguarded gate or door or something an unguarded gate or door or something in the walls he sends perus the hero of in the walls he sends perus the hero of in the walls he sends perus the hero of the deodor story I guess you could say the deodor story I guess you could say the deodor story I guess you could say the villain of the Aran story uh to go the villain of the Aran story uh to go the villain of the Aran story uh to go with some troops and take it that gets with some troops and take it that gets with some troops and take it that gets him sort of behind the thean him sort of behind the thean him sort of behind the thean defenses and both theodoris and Aryan defenses and both theodoris and Aryan defenses and both theodoris and Aryan sort of have this moment it's the same sort of have this moment it's the same sort of have this moment it's the same moment where everything sort of falls moment where everything sort of falls moment where everything sort of falls apart and it's when the thebans in apart and it's when the thebans in apart and it's when the thebans in aryan's account they sort of get uh they aryan's account they sort of get uh they aryan's account they sort of get uh they panic but in uh deodorises account they

panic but in uh deodorises account they panic but in uh deodorises account they realize that they've been compromised realize that they've been compromised realize that they've been compromised and that the only way to not be and that the only way to not be and that the only way to not be surrounded is to back up into the walls surrounded is to back up into the walls surrounded is to back up into the walls of the City so his is a more organized of the City so his is a more organized of the City so his is a more organized effort to continue the fight and just effort to continue the fight and just effort to continue the fight and just sort of retire to a better defensive sort of retire to a better defensive sort of retire to a better defensive position whereas Arion makes it sound position whereas Arion makes it sound position whereas Arion makes it sound more like uh at a certain point more like uh at a certain point more like uh at a certain point everybody just sort of panics theodoris everybody just sort of panics theodoris everybody just sort of panics theodoris explains what happens though an Aran explains what happens though an Aran explains what happens though an Aran through his own lens talks about the through his own lens talks about the through his own lens talks about the same incident so this is clearly the key same incident so this is clearly the key same incident so this is clearly the key moment in the battle and theodoris from moment in the battle and theodoris from moment in the battle and theodoris from the lobe classical translation and I the lobe classical translation and I the lobe classical translation and I think originally that was translated by think originally that was translated by think originally that was translated by C Bradford Wells deodor says quote so C Bradford Wells deodor says quote so C Bradford Wells deodor says quote so the thean spirit proved unshakable here the thean spirit proved unshakable here the thean spirit proved unshakable here but the king meaning Alexander took note but the king meaning Alexander took note but the king meaning Alexander took note of a postern gate that had been deserted of a postern gate that had been deserted of a postern gate that had been deserted by its guards and hurried perus with a by its guards and hurried perus with a by its guards and hurried perus with a large Detachment of troops to seize it large Detachment of troops to seize it large Detachment of troops to seize it and penetrate into the city he quickly and penetrate into the city he quickly and penetrate into the city he quickly carried out the order and the carried out the order and the carried out the order and the macedonians slipped through the gate macedonians slipped through the gate macedonians slipped through the gate into the city while the thebans having into the city while the thebans having into the city while the thebans having worn down the first assault wave of worn down the first assault wave of worn down the first assault wave of Macedonian Ians stoutly faced the second Macedonian Ians stoutly faced the second Macedonian Ians stoutly faced the second and still had high hopes of Victory when and still had high hopes of Victory when and still had high hopes of Victory when they knew that a section of the city had they knew that a section of the city had they knew that a section of the city had been taken however they began been taken however they began been taken however they began immediately to withdraw within its walls immediately to withdraw within its walls immediately to withdraw within its walls but in this operation their Cavalry but in this operation their Cavalry but in this operation their Cavalry galloped along with the Infantry into galloped along with the Infantry into galloped along with the Infantry into the City and trampled upon and killed the City and trampled upon and killed the City and trampled upon and killed many of their own men they themselves many of their own men they themselves many of their own men they themselves rode into the city in disorder and rode into the city in disorder and rode into the city in disorder and encountering a maze of narrow alleys and

encountering a maze of narrow alleys and encountering a maze of narrow alleys and trenches lost their footing and fell and trenches lost their footing and fell and trenches lost their footing and fell and were killed by their own weapons at the were killed by their own weapons at the were killed by their own weapons at the same time the Macedonian Garrison in the same time the Macedonian Garrison in the same time the Macedonian Garrison in the cadmia burst out of the Citadel engaged cadmia burst out of the Citadel engaged cadmia burst out of the Citadel engaged the thebans and attacking them in their the thebans and attacking them in their the thebans and attacking them in their confusion made great Slaughter among confusion made great Slaughter among confusion made great Slaughter among them end quote as deodor says there very them end quote as deodor says there very them end quote as deodor says there very quickly the macedonians when they broke quickly the macedonians when they broke quickly the macedonians when they broke through the city walls and got into the through the city walls and got into the through the city walls and got into the city they ran up to where the Macedonian city they ran up to where the Macedonian city they ran up to where the Macedonian Garrison was under siege you know unseed Garrison was under siege you know unseed Garrison was under siege you know unseed them for lack of a better word and had them for lack of a better word and had them for lack of a better word and had them join the fight too so it's all over them join the fight too so it's all over them join the fight too so it's all over except for the except for the except for the killing the uh Last Stand if you will is killing the uh Last Stand if you will is killing the uh Last Stand if you will is made over by a particular Temple which made over by a particular Temple which made over by a particular Temple which makes you wonder if it was sort of the makes you wonder if it was sort of the makes you wonder if it was sort of the fall back point maybe the agreed upon fall back point maybe the agreed upon fall back point maybe the agreed upon place where everybody meets if all you place where everybody meets if all you place where everybody meets if all you know the worst happens and maybe there's know the worst happens and maybe there's know the worst happens and maybe there's a lot of invalids and vulnerable a lot of invalids and vulnerable a lot of invalids and vulnerable population members hold up there who population members hold up there who population members hold up there who knows bring the Army back there and knows bring the Army back there and knows bring the Army back there and defend everybody as best you defend everybody as best you defend everybody as best you can eventually the def Defenders are can eventually the def Defenders are can eventually the def Defenders are surrounded on all sides uh they will surrounded on all sides uh they will surrounded on all sides uh they will break uh Arion has the Cavalry running break uh Arion has the Cavalry running break uh Arion has the Cavalry running out of the city at high speed and over out of the city at high speed and over out of the city at high speed and over the plane and getting away and the the plane and getting away and the the plane and getting away and the Infantry trying to save their skins as Infantry trying to save their skins as Infantry trying to save their skins as he says as best they can but at a he says as best they can but at a he says as best they can but at a certain point it's hard to know when certain point it's hard to know when certain point it's hard to know when that moment specifically happens but the that moment specifically happens but the that moment specifically happens but the vibe changes from one of uh fighting and vibe changes from one of uh fighting and vibe changes from one of uh fighting and battle where both sides are equally at

battle where both sides are equally at battle where both sides are equally at risk to sacking and killing and risk to sacking and killing and risk to sacking and killing and pillaging and pillaging and pillaging and looting theodoris talks about all of the looting theodoris talks about all of the looting theodoris talks about all of the thean fighters who were still scattered thean fighters who were still scattered thean fighters who were still scattered in little pockets all over the city in little pockets all over the city in little pockets all over the city remember this is a big city and they remember this is a big city and they remember this is a big city and they have these narrow Little Greek have these narrow Little Greek have these narrow Little Greek streets with sometimes buildings two streets with sometimes buildings two streets with sometimes buildings two three four stories tall on either side three four stories tall on either side three four stories tall on either side so these are little bottleneck killing so these are little bottleneck killing so these are little bottleneck killing zones where diodorus has soldiers who zones where diodorus has soldiers who zones where diodorus has soldiers who are so you know wounded from the are so you know wounded from the are so you know wounded from the fighting that they're essentially fighting that they're essentially fighting that they're essentially bleeding out slowly bleeding out slowly bleeding out slowly supporting themselves on the half of supporting themselves on the half of supporting themselves on the half of their broken Spears just waiting for their broken Spears just waiting for their broken Spears just waiting for some Macedonian to come down this little some Macedonian to come down this little some Macedonian to come down this little alley thinking he's looting and enjoying alley thinking he's looting and enjoying alley thinking he's looting and enjoying himself and that all the danger is over himself and that all the danger is over himself and that all the danger is over and then boom you can still take one and then boom you can still take one and then boom you can still take one with you was what Churchill said right with you was what Churchill said right with you was what Churchill said right and that's how these thebans and and that's how these thebans and and that's how these thebans and deodorises account are looking at things deodorises account are looking at things deodorises account are looking at things but otherwise it's pure murder rape and but otherwise it's pure murder rape and but otherwise it's pure murder rape and Slaughter this is the way in Slaughter this is the way in Slaughter this is the way in his book Philip and Alexander historian his book Philip and Alexander historian his book Philip and Alexander historian Adrien goldsworthy puts it quote the Adrien goldsworthy puts it quote the Adrien goldsworthy puts it quote the macedonians sacked the city they had macedonians sacked the city they had macedonians sacked the city they had done this before when cities had failed done this before when cities had failed done this before when cities had failed to surrender to Philip and forced him to to surrender to Philip and forced him to to surrender to Philip and forced him to take them by assault but never before take them by assault but never before take them by assault but never before had they taken a Greek city as large and had they taken a Greek city as large and had they taken a Greek city as large and as famous as thieves storming as famous as thieves storming as famous as thieves storming fortifications goldsworthy writes was fortifications goldsworthy writes was fortifications goldsworthy writes was dangerous and they had lost 500 dead as dangerous and they had lost 500 dead as dangerous and they had lost 500 dead as well as no doubt many others wounded

well as no doubt many others wounded well as no doubt many others wounded including perus the surviv s their blood including perus the surviv s their blood including perus the surviv s their blood up anger at the enemy still fresh and in up anger at the enemy still fresh and in up anger at the enemy still fresh and in the narrow streets and dark houses of the narrow streets and dark houses of the narrow streets and dark houses of the city able to do what they wished the city able to do what they wished the city able to do what they wished judged only by the opinions of their judged only by the opinions of their judged only by the opinions of their comrades killed raped and plundered at comrades killed raped and plundered at comrades killed raped and plundered at will end quote he then continues will end quote he then continues will end quote he then continues later quote murder and rape were later quote murder and rape were later quote murder and rape were accepted as inevitable when the city was accepted as inevitable when the city was accepted as inevitable when the city was stormed while it is doubtful that stormed while it is doubtful that stormed while it is doubtful that Alexander and his officers could have Alexander and his officers could have Alexander and his officers could have controlled the Army fully and entirely controlled the Army fully and entirely controlled the Army fully and entirely prevented such things it is equally prevented such things it is equally prevented such things it is equally unlikely that they even thought to try unlikely that they even thought to try unlikely that they even thought to try Beyond protecting some households and Beyond protecting some households and Beyond protecting some households and individuals who were considered individuals who were considered individuals who were considered important or otherwise favored this important or otherwise favored this important or otherwise favored this goldsworthy writes was just part of war goldsworthy writes was just part of war goldsworthy writes was just part of war and from a pragmatic point of view and from a pragmatic point of view and from a pragmatic point of view Philip and Alexander both recognized the Philip and Alexander both recognized the Philip and Alexander both recognized the power of Terror end power of Terror end power of Terror end quote it wasn't just in terms of the quote it wasn't just in terms of the quote it wasn't just in terms of the atrocities which again if we're using atrocities which again if we're using atrocities which again if we're using modern terms here made headlines modern terms here made headlines modern terms here made headlines everywhere the macedonians especially in everywhere the macedonians especially in everywhere the macedonians especially in aryan's account get off a little easy aryan's account get off a little easy aryan's account get off a little easy here because the worst of the atrocities here because the worst of the atrocities here because the worst of the atrocities are blamed not on the are blamed not on the are blamed not on the macedonians but on the Greeks who are macedonians but on the Greeks who are macedonians but on the Greeks who are fighting with Alexander right the ones fighting with Alexander right the ones fighting with Alexander right the ones he called up and said hey we're going to he called up and said hey we're going to he called up and said hey we're going to be taken on your bully you want to come be taken on your bully you want to come be taken on your bully you want to come those guys have an axe to grind long those guys have an axe to grind long those guys have an axe to grind long longstanding problems and and wounds and longstanding problems and and wounds and longstanding problems and and wounds and things that they could be angry at the things that they could be angry at the things that they could be angry at the theevans about and they're finally theevans about and they're finally theevans about and they're finally getting a chance to take revenge and getting a chance to take revenge and getting a chance to take revenge and they are taking Revenge as when

they are taking Revenge as when they are taking Revenge as when historians said though while some of the historians said though while some of the historians said though while some of the worst atrocities might have been done by worst atrocities might have been done by worst atrocities might have been done by these Greek allies of these Greek allies of these Greek allies of Alexander the majority of what was done Alexander the majority of what was done Alexander the majority of what was done was done by the Macedonian soldiers it was done by the Macedonian soldiers it was done by the Macedonian soldiers it didn't matter it leaves an didn't matter it leaves an didn't matter it leaves an unbelievably bloody horrific taste in unbelievably bloody horrific taste in unbelievably bloody horrific taste in the mouth of a guy like diodorus who you the mouth of a guy like diodorus who you the mouth of a guy like diodorus who you can just hear you know we would say can just hear you know we would say can just hear you know we would say today he was a patriotic Greek thinking today he was a patriotic Greek thinking today he was a patriotic Greek thinking of these ancestors of his from a couple of these ancestors of his from a couple of these ancestors of his from a couple hundred years previously and it just hundred years previously and it just hundred years previously and it just hurts him to admit that the other Greeks hurts him to admit that the other Greeks hurts him to admit that the other Greeks were doing a lot of the terrible things were doing a lot of the terrible things were doing a lot of the terrible things right fellow Greeks shouldn't be right fellow Greeks shouldn't be right fellow Greeks shouldn't be fighting fellow Greeks Aryan is almost fighting fellow Greeks Aryan is almost fighting fellow Greeks Aryan is almost happy to blame it on them because it happy to blame it on them because it happy to blame it on them because it means it's not Alexander's fault means it's not Alexander's fault means it's not Alexander's fault theodoris from the lobe classical theodoris from the lobe classical theodoris from the lobe classical translation says quote all the city was translation says quote all the city was translation says quote all the city was pillaged everywhere boys and girls were pillaged everywhere boys and girls were pillaged everywhere boys and girls were dragged into captivity as they wailed dragged into captivity as they wailed dragged into captivity as they wailed piously the names of their mothers in piously the names of their mothers in piously the names of their mothers in some meaning in total households were some meaning in total households were some meaning in total households were seized with all their members and the seized with all their members and the seized with all their members and the City's enslavement was complete of the City's enslavement was complete of the City's enslavement was complete of the men who remained he writes some wounded men who remained he writes some wounded men who remained he writes some wounded and dying grappled with the Foe and were and dying grappled with the Foe and were and dying grappled with the Foe and were slain themselves as they destroyed their slain themselves as they destroyed their slain themselves as they destroyed their enemy others supported only by a enemy others supported only by a enemy others supported only by a shattered spear went to meet their ass shattered spear went to meet their ass shattered spear went to meet their ass salance and in the Supreme struggle held salance and in the Supreme struggle held salance and in the Supreme struggle held freedom dearer than life as the freedom dearer than life as the freedom dearer than life as the slaughter mounted deodor said and every slaughter mounted deodor said and every slaughter mounted deodor said and every corner of the city was piled high with corner of the city was piled high with corner of the city was piled high with corpses no one could have failed to pity corpses no one could have failed to pity corpses no one could have failed to pity the plight of the unfortunate

the plight of the unfortunate the plight of the unfortunate end quote now the part that hurts this end quote now the part that hurts this end quote now the part that hurts this guy we would call him a patriotic Greek guy we would call him a patriotic Greek guy we would call him a patriotic Greek today and Greeks should not be doing today and Greeks should not be doing today and Greeks should not be doing this to other Greeks but it must have this to other Greeks but it must have this to other Greeks but it must have gone on so much that even he has to gone on so much that even he has to gone on so much that even he has to admit it and he says that these people admit it and he says that these people admit it and he says that these people who hated the thians got into the city who hated the thians got into the city who hated the thians got into the city with Alexander and did horrible things with Alexander and did horrible things with Alexander and did horrible things he writes quote for even Greeks he writes quote for even Greeks he writes quote for even Greeks thespians plans and orians and some thespians plans and orians and some thespians plans and orians and some others hostile to thieves who would join others hostile to thieves who would join others hostile to thieves who would join the King in the campaign meaning the King in the campaign meaning the King in the campaign meaning Alexander invaded the city along with Alexander invaded the city along with Alexander invaded the city along with him and now demonstrated their own him and now demonstrated their own him and now demonstrated their own hatred amid the calamities of the hatred amid the calamities of the hatred amid the calamities of the unfortunate victims so it was that many unfortunate victims so it was that many unfortunate victims so it was that many Terrible Things befell the city he Terrible Things befell the city he Terrible Things befell the city he writes Greeks were mercilessly slain by writes Greeks were mercilessly slain by writes Greeks were mercilessly slain by Greeks relatives were butchered by their Greeks relatives were butchered by their Greeks relatives were butchered by their own relatives and even a common dialect own relatives and even a common dialect own relatives and even a common dialect induced no pity in the end he writes induced no pity in the end he writes induced no pity in the end he writes when night finally intervened the houses when night finally intervened the houses when night finally intervened the houses had been plundered and the children and had been plundered and the children and had been plundered and the children and women and aged persons who had fled into women and aged persons who had fled into women and aged persons who had fled into the temples were torn from sanctuary and the temples were torn from sanctuary and the temples were torn from sanctuary and subjected to outrage without limit over subjected to outrage without limit over subjected to outrage without limit over 6,000 thebans perished more than 30,000 6,000 thebans perished more than 30,000 6,000 thebans perished more than 30,000 were captured and the amount of property were captured and the amount of property were captured and the amount of property plundered was plundered was plundered was unbelievable end unbelievable end unbelievable end quote but what to do what to do what to quote but what to do what to do what to quote but what to do what to do what to do with all this do with all this do with all this stuff alexand ER famously holds a sort

stuff alexand ER famously holds a sort stuff alexand ER famously holds a sort of a ad hoc spur of the moment made up of a ad hoc spur of the moment made up of a ad hoc spur of the moment made up of what we have around us kind of legal of what we have around us kind of legal of what we have around us kind of legal council to sort of represent the league council to sort of represent the league council to sort of represent the league of Corinth in miniature they're going to of Corinth in miniature they're going to of Corinth in miniature they're going to have a sort of a hearing what do we do have a sort of a hearing what do we do have a sort of a hearing what do we do here with our slaves and this city and here with our slaves and this city and here with our slaves and this city and what's left what we didn't kill what's what's left what we didn't kill what's what's left what we didn't kill what's going to happen to all of going to happen to all of going to happen to all of this now this is another one of these this now this is another one of these this now this is another one of these things where half the time Alexander things where half the time Alexander things where half the time Alexander sounds like a barbarian stomping around sounds like a barbarian stomping around sounds like a barbarian stomping around doing whatever he wants to do no rules doing whatever he wants to do no rules doing whatever he wants to do no rules apply and whatever and the other half of apply and whatever and the other half of apply and whatever and the other half of the time he sounds like everything is the time he sounds like everything is the time he sounds like everything is strictly legal all the arguments he strictly legal all the arguments he strictly legal all the arguments he makes with other Greek city states could makes with other Greek city states could makes with other Greek city states could be made by be made by be made by lawyers in this case he's turning it lawyers in this case he's turning it lawyers in this case he's turning it over to someone else and he says to over to someone else and he says to over to someone else and he says to these other Greeks well listen I'm just these other Greeks well listen I'm just these other Greeks well listen I'm just the representative I'm the hamon of this the representative I'm the hamon of this the representative I'm the hamon of this organization but uh we're going to vote organization but uh we're going to vote organization but uh we're going to vote on what happens to the theevans on what happens to the theevans on what happens to the theevans unfortunately it seems that the majority unfortunately it seems that the majority unfortunately it seems that the majority of the people who could be scraped up on of the people who could be scraped up on of the people who could be scraped up on the spur of the moment either the spur of the moment either the spur of the moment either accidentally or on purpose are all these accidentally or on purpose are all these accidentally or on purpose are all these little city states around thieves that little city states around thieves that little city states around thieves that have been victims of its bullying have been victims of its bullying have been victims of its bullying forever and somehow the deal is if they forever and somehow the deal is if they forever and somehow the deal is if they vote the worst possible penalty the land vote the worst possible penalty the land vote the worst possible penalty the land that thieves had will be parceled out that thieves had will be parceled out that thieves had will be parceled out amongst them so what should we do to the amongst them so what should we do to the amongst them so what should we do to the theevans and if this was a gladiatorial theevans and if this was a gladiatorial theevans and if this was a gladiatorial contest they give it the thumbs contest they give it the thumbs contest they give it the thumbs down now Alexander as so many historians down now Alexander as so many historians down now Alexander as so many historians have pointed out will just basically do have pointed out will just basically do have pointed out will just basically do what they tell him to do but as everyone what they tell him to do but as everyone what they tell him to do but as everyone says but if he didn't want to do this it

says but if he didn't want to do this it says but if he didn't want to do this it wouldn't have happened so this is cover wouldn't have happened so this is cover wouldn't have happened so this is cover the thing is is nobody can really the thing is is nobody can really the thing is is nobody can really believe anything like this will happen I believe anything like this will happen I believe anything like this will happen I mean if you want to use a modern term mean if you want to use a modern term mean if you want to use a modern term for what thieves is in terms of how for what thieves is in terms of how for what thieves is in terms of how important a Greek city state it is it is important a Greek city state it is it is important a Greek city state it is it is a city state too big to a city state too big to a city state too big to fail you just can't believe anybody fail you just can't believe anybody fail you just can't believe anybody would destroy it I mean Greek city would destroy it I mean Greek city would destroy it I mean Greek city states have been destroyed before but states have been destroyed before but states have been destroyed before but not like this I mean you know if Athens not like this I mean you know if Athens not like this I mean you know if Athens is New York and Sparta was is New York and Sparta was is New York and Sparta was Chicago uh then thieves is Los Angeles Chicago uh then thieves is Los Angeles Chicago uh then thieves is Los Angeles right once upon a time Chicago was right once upon a time Chicago was right once upon a time Chicago was bigger than Los Angeles by this time Los bigger than Los Angeles by this time Los bigger than Los Angeles by this time Los Angeles has eclipsed it and I mean you Angeles has eclipsed it and I mean you Angeles has eclipsed it and I mean you wouldn't want to destroy Los Angeles wouldn't want to destroy Los Angeles wouldn't want to destroy Los Angeles which I mean you know some of you might which I mean you know some of you might which I mean you know some of you might but but the whole point being that you but but the whole point being that you but but the whole point being that you can't imagine the waste involved in can't imagine the waste involved in can't imagine the waste involved in taking out something that large and taking out something that large and taking out something that large and important and important and important and meaningful well interestingly enough I meaningful well interestingly enough I meaningful well interestingly enough I was reading a um it might have been was reading a um it might have been was reading a um it might have been volar Heckle but it was somebody making volar Heckle but it was somebody making volar Heckle but it was somebody making a point I hadn't thought about really a point I hadn't thought about really a point I hadn't thought about really which was that the logical play here for which was that the logical play here for which was that the logical play here for the arguments being made because it's the arguments being made because it's the arguments being made because it's almost like a hearing right the the almost like a hearing right the the almost like a hearing right the the other thean bully victims would have other thean bully victims would have other thean bully victims would have every right to talk about all the things every right to talk about all the things every right to talk about all the things thieves had done to them right we're thieves had done to them right we're thieves had done to them right we're going to pay them back because look at going to pay them back because look at going to pay them back because look at all these things it's only fair justice all these things it's only fair justice all these things it's only fair justice but that's not what they do they bring but that's not what they do they bring but that's not what they do they bring up the fact that the thebans sided with up the fact that the thebans sided with up the fact that the thebans sided with the Persians 150 years ago the Persians 150 years ago the Persians 150 years ago that's the angle they push which happens that's the angle they push which happens that's the angle they push which happens to be perfectly lined up with

to be perfectly lined up with to be perfectly lined up with Alexander's propaganda angle here for Alexander's propaganda angle here for Alexander's propaganda angle here for this war we're paying back these this war we're paying back these this war we're paying back these Persians for what they did was 150 years Persians for what they did was 150 years Persians for what they did was 150 years ago and oh yeah the theevans were on ago and oh yeah the theevans were on ago and oh yeah the theevans were on their side and did you hear what they their side and did you hear what they their side and did you hear what they said to me Alexander would have probably said to me Alexander would have probably said to me Alexander would have probably had somebody say for him when we were had somebody say for him when we were had somebody say for him when we were all standing there we all heard it come all standing there we all heard it come all standing there we all heard it come and join the great king thiens and the and join the great king thiens and the and join the great king thiens and the great king working together again wiping great king working together again wiping great king working together again wiping out thieves is like saying these guys out thieves is like saying these guys out thieves is like saying these guys were betraying us the rest of Greece to were betraying us the rest of Greece to were betraying us the rest of Greece to the cause they went against the league the cause they went against the league the cause they went against the league of Corin they violated the rules they're of Corin they violated the rules they're of Corin they violated the rules they're like an enemy in our midst they're like an enemy in our midst they're like an enemy in our midst they're working with the great king they're working with the great king they're working with the great king they're taking money all these weapons that taking money all these weapons that taking money all these weapons that killed 500 of my troops in this killed 500 of my troops in this killed 500 of my troops in this encounter representing you the league of encounter representing you the league of encounter representing you the league of Corinth were paid for by the great Corinth were paid for by the great Corinth were paid for by the great King's King's King's money oh yeah it wasn't my decision money oh yeah it wasn't my decision money oh yeah it wasn't my decision anyway and all these other people from anyway and all these other people from anyway and all these other people from around the region decide it's thumbs around the region decide it's thumbs around the region decide it's thumbs down for down for down for thieves and the city will end up being thieves and the city will end up being thieves and the city will end up being so totally destroyed so totally destroyed so totally destroyed that I read one historian once that said that I read one historian once that said that I read one historian once that said it might as well have been done by an it might as well have been done by an it might as well have been done by an atomic atomic atomic weapon in typical Greek fashion he weapon in typical Greek fashion he weapon in typical Greek fashion he exempts the temples from destruction exempts the temples from destruction exempts the temples from destruction that's normal in typically alexandrian that's normal in typically alexandrian that's normal in typically alexandrian fashion he exempts the descendants of a fashion he exempts the descendants of a fashion he exempts the descendants of a particular poet that praised the particular poet that praised the particular poet that praised the macedonians in the past but otherwise macedonians in the past but otherwise macedonians in the past but otherwise it's 30,000 people sold into slavery and it's 30,000 people sold into slavery and it's 30,000 people sold into slavery and a rule put into place that says that a rule put into place that says that a rule put into place that says that after we destroy the city where these

after we destroy the city where these after we destroy the city where these people live and scatter them to the people live and scatter them to the people live and scatter them to the winds anyone who takes them in is guilty winds anyone who takes them in is guilty winds anyone who takes them in is guilty of a of a of a crime AB Bosworth sums the whole Affair crime AB Bosworth sums the whole Affair crime AB Bosworth sums the whole Affair up when he says in conquest and Empire up when he says in conquest and Empire up when he says in conquest and Empire quote the Greek world now had a shocking quote the Greek world now had a shocking quote the Greek world now had a shocking example of the consequences of example of the consequences of example of the consequences of resistance one of the leading cities of resistance one of the leading cities of resistance one of the leading cities of the Greek world had been destroyed in a the Greek world had been destroyed in a the Greek world had been destroyed in a single day as though by visitation of single day as though by visitation of single day as though by visitation of the Gods so escanes lamented in the Gods so escanes lamented in the Gods so escanes lamented in 3:30 and the Litany of Shak and sorrow 3:30 and the Litany of Shak and sorrow 3:30 and the Litany of Shak and sorrow was to be repeated through the centuries was to be repeated through the centuries was to be repeated through the centuries there was a ground swell of Sympathy for there was a ground swell of Sympathy for there was a ground swell of Sympathy for the victims despite the prohibition the victims despite the prohibition the victims despite the prohibition Bosworth writes against giving suker to Bosworth writes against giving suker to Bosworth writes against giving suker to the refugees they were received into the refugees they were received into the refugees they were received into neighboring cities notably Athens and neighboring cities notably Athens and neighboring cities notably Athens and acinum and nearly 20 years later when acinum and nearly 20 years later when acinum and nearly 20 years later when cassander proclaimed the restoration of cassander proclaimed the restoration of cassander proclaimed the restoration of Thieves there was enthusiastic support Thieves there was enthusiastic support Thieves there was enthusiastic support from as far a field as Italy and Sicily from as far a field as Italy and Sicily from as far a field as Italy and Sicily though Bosworth writes the immediate though Bosworth writes the immediate though Bosworth writes the immediate reaction was Panic end reaction was Panic end reaction was Panic end quote the Greeks start bowing and quote the Greeks start bowing and quote the Greeks start bowing and scraping in a to like fashion not the scraping in a to like fashion not the scraping in a to like fashion not the Spartans but they've never been a part Spartans but they've never been a part Spartans but they've never been a part of this league of Corinth but like the of this league of Corinth but like the of this league of Corinth but like the arcadians who got an army together sent arcadians who got an army together sent arcadians who got an army together sent it to the ismos and waited they vote to it to the ismos and waited they vote to it to the ismos and waited they vote to execute the people who' proposed sending execute the people who' proposed sending execute the people who' proposed sending that Army up there and the ones who led that Army up there and the ones who led that Army up there and the ones who led it yeah it yeah it yeah those guys they were way out of those guys they were way out of those guys they were way out of line Athens says Representatives along

line Athens says Representatives along line Athens says Representatives along with everyone else but at the same time with everyone else but at the same time with everyone else but at the same time they're preparing for a Siege they they're preparing for a Siege they they're preparing for a Siege they figure they're figure they're figure they're next meanwhile they're sending next meanwhile they're sending next meanwhile they're sending Representatives this is so Athenian like Representatives this is so Athenian like Representatives this is so Athenian like isn't it they're the same ones remember isn't it they're the same ones remember isn't it they're the same ones remember who said that nobody could find any who said that nobody could find any who said that nobody could find any sanctuary if they assassinated Philip II sanctuary if they assassinated Philip II sanctuary if they assassinated Philip II they said that right at his games and they said that right at his games and they said that right at his games and then he was killed 5 minutes later and then he was killed 5 minutes later and then he was killed 5 minutes later and they were celebrating it well they're they were celebrating it well they're they were celebrating it well they're doing it again as soon as Alexander you doing it again as soon as Alexander you doing it again as soon as Alexander you know is available they send their know is available they send their know is available they send their representativ saying oh my goodness representativ saying oh my goodness representativ saying oh my goodness thank goodness you've made it safe back thank goodness you've made it safe back thank goodness you've made it safe back from Alyria and from fighting those from Alyria and from fighting those from Alyria and from fighting those tribali and oh God we thought you were tribali and oh God we thought you were tribali and oh God we thought you were dead and we're so glad you're not and we dead and we're so glad you're not and we dead and we're so glad you're not and we thoroughly approve of that punishment thoroughly approve of that punishment thoroughly approve of that punishment that you handed out to thieves and Peter that you handed out to thieves and Peter that you handed out to thieves and Peter Green said you know Alexander was Green said you know Alexander was Green said you know Alexander was probably amused by this but he didn't probably amused by this but he didn't probably amused by this but he didn't take it seriously he demanded they hand take it seriously he demanded they hand take it seriously he demanded they hand over the most vifer Anti macedoni and over the most vifer Anti macedoni and over the most vifer Anti macedoni and demagogues among them including our demagogues among them including our demagogues among them including our friend deanes what do you think what's friend deanes what do you think what's friend deanes what do you think what's going to happen to these guys it puts going to happen to these guys it puts going to happen to these guys it puts Athens in the most agonizing position Athens in the most agonizing position Athens in the most agonizing position you can you can you can imagine it's a little like Imagining the imagine it's a little like Imagining the imagine it's a little like Imagining the Germans in the second world war after Germans in the second world war after Germans in the second world war after France is defeated and the British France is defeated and the British France is defeated and the British decide to give in and they're beaten and decide to give in and they're beaten and decide to give in and they're beaten and they're going to be you know completely they're going to be you know completely they're going to be you know completely destroyed and blood will run in the destroyed and blood will run in the destroyed and blood will run in the Streets of London and everything unless Streets of London and everything unless Streets of London and everything unless the deal is that Hitler wants Churchill the deal is that Hitler wants Churchill the deal is that Hitler wants Churchill give me Churchill and those friends of give me Churchill and those friends of give me Churchill and those friends of Churchill who've all been saying bad Churchill who've all been saying bad Churchill who've all been saying bad things about about me and we'll call it things about about me and we'll call it things about about me and we'll call it okay deanes is horrified and says it's a

okay deanes is horrified and says it's a okay deanes is horrified and says it's a little like turning over the sheep dog little like turning over the sheep dog little like turning over the sheep dog who's been protecting the flock to the who's been protecting the flock to the who's been protecting the flock to the Wolves who's been warning you of the Wolves who's been warning you of the Wolves who's been warning you of the dangers of Darth Vader all this time and dangers of Darth Vader all this time and dangers of Darth Vader all this time and now it's Darth Vader's son and and I've now it's Darth Vader's son and and I've now it's Darth Vader's son and and I've been right the whole time and sure I've been right the whole time and sure I've been right the whole time and sure I've had to trick us into doing the right had to trick us into doing the right had to trick us into doing the right things sometimes and sure I I brought things sometimes and sure I I brought things sometimes and sure I I brought out that guy in bandages who was limping out that guy in bandages who was limping out that guy in bandages who was limping around saying he saw Alexander dead but around saying he saw Alexander dead but around saying he saw Alexander dead but it was all to do the right thing it was all to do the right thing it was all to do the right thing preserve our Liberty and I realize it's preserve our Liberty and I realize it's preserve our Liberty and I realize it's come to this right now and um he's in a come to this right now and um he's in a come to this right now and um he's in a real boat and he's got adversaries up real boat and he's got adversaries up real boat and he's got adversaries up there who are must must have been there who are must must have been there who are must must have been smiling to themselves at the opportunity smiling to themselves at the opportunity smiling to themselves at the opportunity to watch him to watch him to watch him squirm some of the orators get up and squirm some of the orators get up and squirm some of the orators get up and say that if say that if say that if demosthenes you know was any kind of demosthenes you know was any kind of demosthenes you know was any kind of real Patriot he'd willingly and proudly real Patriot he'd willingly and proudly real Patriot he'd willingly and proudly go to his death right he he'd be proud go to his death right he he'd be proud go to his death right he he'd be proud to walk up there and die as a sacrifice to walk up there and die as a sacrifice to walk up there and die as a sacrifice to his City and it really puts you you to his City and it really puts you you to his City and it really puts you you on a sort of a horns of a dilemma on a sort of a horns of a dilemma on a sort of a horns of a dilemma situation right you don't want to look situation right you don't want to look situation right you don't want to look like a coward you don't want to look like a coward you don't want to look like a coward you don't want to look like someone who wouldn't die for a city like someone who wouldn't die for a city like someone who wouldn't die for a city at the same time I mean my goodness I at the same time I mean my goodness I at the same time I mean my goodness I didn't do all this fighting to have the didn't do all this fighting to have the didn't do all this fighting to have the stupid sheep turn me over to the wolf stupid sheep turn me over to the wolf stupid sheep turn me over to the wolf it's an interesting sort of thing to it's an interesting sort of thing to it's an interesting sort of thing to wonder about and the way he gets out of wonder about and the way he gets out of wonder about and the way he gets out of this is in the most Athenian like way this is in the most Athenian like way this is in the most Athenian like way someone talks Alexander out of it the someone talks Alexander out of it the someone talks Alexander out of it the Athenians are the great diplomats the Athenians are the great diplomats the Athenians are the great diplomats the great talkers great talkers great talkers and a particular Athenian Diplomat some and a particular Athenian Diplomat some and a particular Athenian Diplomat some stories have him getting a lot of money stories have him getting a lot of money stories have him getting a lot of money from damanes to do this is able to go to

from damanes to do this is able to go to from damanes to do this is able to go to Alexander and have his demands cut down Alexander and have his demands cut down Alexander and have his demands cut down to just one guy who's only going to be to just one guy who's only going to be to just one guy who's only going to be banished and who immediately runs to the banished and who immediately runs to the banished and who immediately runs to the King of Persia for Sanctuary somehow King of Persia for Sanctuary somehow King of Persia for Sanctuary somehow Demoines is slippery enough to get out Demoines is slippery enough to get out Demoines is slippery enough to get out again almost literally by the skin of again almost literally by the skin of again almost literally by the skin of his his his teeth but Alexander as we had said he teeth but Alexander as we had said he teeth but Alexander as we had said he felt outside the walls of Thieves has felt outside the walls of Thieves has felt outside the walls of Thieves has bigger fish to fry he figures he's made bigger fish to fry he figures he's made bigger fish to fry he figures he's made his point with the destruction of his point with the destruction of his point with the destruction of Thieves the sources say that he feels so Thieves the sources say that he feels so Thieves the sources say that he feels so bad now about what happened to bad now about what happened to bad now about what happened to thieves that if he ever got a request thieves that if he ever got a request thieves that if he ever got a request from a thean in the future he would from a thean in the future he would from a thean in the future he would Grant it but we should also point out Grant it but we should also point out Grant it but we should also point out that it will not be during his that it will not be during his that it will not be during his lifetime that that ban on taking in any lifetime that that ban on taking in any lifetime that that ban on taking in any thi thi thi refugees will be refugees will be refugees will be lifted but it's a sign of how the Greeks lifted but it's a sign of how the Greeks lifted but it's a sign of how the Greeks feel about Alexander forever feel about Alexander forever feel about Alexander forever afterwards that they violated that law afterwards that they violated that law afterwards that they violated that law regularly and as Peter Green said what regularly and as Peter Green said what regularly and as Peter Green said what Alexander did to thieves was one of the Alexander did to thieves was one of the Alexander did to thieves was one of the worst decisions he ever made and the worst decisions he ever made and the worst decisions he ever made and the Greeks hated him forever for it if you think the show you just heard is if you think the show you just heard is worth a dollar Dan and Ben would love to worth a dollar Dan and Ben would love to worth a dollar Dan and Ben would love to have it a bucka show it's all we ask go

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we did was about Alexander the context we did was about Alexander the context of his life his upbringing the army that of his life his upbringing the army that of his life his upbringing the army that he was going to use the tactics I mean he was going to use the tactics I mean he was going to use the tactics I mean all all the things that set the stage all all the things that set the stage all all the things that set the stage for Alexander and then the story we just for Alexander and then the story we just for Alexander and then the story we just finished is about Alexander taking over finished is about Alexander taking over finished is about Alexander taking over and his early challenges and let's be and his early challenges and let's be and his early challenges and let's be honest those early challenges could have honest those early challenges could have honest those early challenges could have finished him very easily finished him very easily finished him very easily a lot of great conquerors in history as a lot of great conquerors in history as a lot of great conquerors in history as I believe we said earlier kind of never I believe we said earlier kind of never I believe we said earlier kind of never make it past their knife fights amongst make it past their knife fights amongst make it past their knife fights amongst the rocks in lyia stage they were a the rocks in lyia stage they were a the rocks in lyia stage they were a little like the sea turtles that get little like the sea turtles that get little like the sea turtles that get born on the beach and have to run the born on the beach and have to run the born on the beach and have to run the gauntlet of predators to make it to the gauntlet of predators to make it to the gauntlet of predators to make it to the safety of the ocean just to have an safety of the ocean just to have an safety of the ocean just to have an opportunity at life a lot of the opportunity at life a lot of the opportunity at life a lot of the potential great conquerors lose their potential great conquerors lose their potential great conquerors lose their lives along the way Alexander 21 22 lives along the way Alexander 21 22 lives along the way Alexander 21 22 years old now at this time in the story years old now at this time in the story years old now at this time in the story is just at this moment with Greece is just at this moment with Greece is just at this moment with Greece subdued behind him with the barbarians subdued behind him with the barbarians subdued behind him with the barbarians cow and all this and the Army ready to cow and all this and the Army ready to cow and all this and the Army ready to go and he's drawing men from all these go and he's drawing men from all these go and he's drawing men from all these places that he's sort of subdued again places that he's sort of subdued again places that he's sort of subdued again he's at the point now where he's facing he's at the point now where he's facing he's at the point now where he's facing his Destiny and he's one of these guys his Destiny and he's one of these guys his Destiny and he's one of these guys at least the traditional stories always at least the traditional stories always at least the traditional stories always say who can feel the hand of Destiny say who can feel the hand of Destiny say who can feel the hand of Destiny when it's on him Winston Churchill's when it's on him Winston Churchill's when it's on him Winston Churchill's another one of those guys he wrote that another one of those guys he wrote that another one of those guys he wrote that when he was given the Prime Minister when he was given the Prime Minister when he was given the Prime Minister ship which of course the war had been ship which of course the war had been ship which of course the war had been going on a bit now and Britain's already going on a bit now and Britain's already going on a bit now and Britain's already at a low point and and when he becomes at a low point and and when he becomes at a low point and and when he becomes prime minister he wrote that he had one prime minister he wrote that he had one prime minister he wrote that he had one of those moments where he could just of those moments where he could just of those moments where he could just feel the hand of Destiny he wrote quote feel the hand of Destiny he wrote quote feel the hand of Destiny he wrote quote I felt as if I were walking with Destiny I felt as if I were walking with Destiny I felt as if I were walking with Destiny and that all my past life had been but a

and that all my past life had been but a and that all my past life had been but a preparation for this hour and this trial preparation for this hour and this trial preparation for this hour and this trial end quote one wonders now with all of end quote one wonders now with all of end quote one wonders now with all of the roadblocks out of the way and the roadblocks out of the way and the roadblocks out of the way and everything he had to handle to get his everything he had to handle to get his everything he had to handle to get his house in order one wonders if house in order one wonders if house in order one wonders if Alexander's feeling the hand of Destiny Alexander's feeling the hand of Destiny Alexander's feeling the hand of Destiny on his shoulders as he proceeds on his shoulders as he proceeds on his shoulders as he proceeds to cross his own version of the Rubicon to cross his own version of the Rubicon to cross his own version of the Rubicon if you will and test himself against the if you will and test himself against the if you will and test himself against the greatest land Empire that had ever greatest land Empire that had ever greatest land Empire that had ever been the been the been the richest the biggest geographical richest the biggest geographical richest the biggest geographical territory and almost mythically old in territory and almost mythically old in territory and almost mythically old in terms of the way the Greeks would have terms of the way the Greeks would have terms of the way the Greeks would have see it right but dating back to a see it right but dating back to a see it right but dating back to a tradition that goes to Assyria and tradition that goes to Assyria and tradition that goes to Assyria and Babylonia and you know once upon a time Babylonia and you know once upon a time Babylonia and you know once upon a time all the way to suia I mean this is this all the way to suia I mean this is this all the way to suia I mean this is this is the great middle eastern inheritor of is the great middle eastern inheritor of is the great middle eastern inheritor of all that history from that region and all that history from that region and all that history from that region and here are these upstart here are these upstart here are these upstart people that had to fight to even be people that had to fight to even be people that had to fight to even be considered Greek led by a guy who even considered Greek led by a guy who even considered Greek led by a guy who even though half of him is that people that's though half of him is that people that's though half of him is that people that's had to fight to be considered Greek the had to fight to be considered Greek the had to fight to be considered Greek the other half of him straight up epit you other half of him straight up epit you other half of him straight up epit you know from witch country in sorcer know from witch country in sorcer know from witch country in sorcer rville that's the guy that's going to rville that's the guy that's going to rville that's the guy that's going to lead this and try to carry out his lead this and try to carry out his lead this and try to carry out his father's plan which has not come down to father's plan which has not come down to father's plan which has not come down to us and maybe Alexander didn't even know us and maybe Alexander didn't even know us and maybe Alexander didn't even know it I I got to believe he did but maybe it I I got to believe he did but maybe it I I got to believe he did but maybe he didn't because no one knows what he didn't because no one knows what he didn't because no one knows what Philip was going to do right do you just Philip was going to do right do you just Philip was going to do right do you just fight the Persians and see how it goes fight the Persians and see how it goes fight the Persians and see how it goes take your chances and you know grab what take your chances and you know grab what take your chances and you know grab what you can or do you have a plan to attack

you can or do you have a plan to attack you can or do you have a plan to attack and and take a certain amount of and and take a certain amount of and and take a certain amount of territory I mean what is the limits of territory I mean what is the limits of territory I mean what is the limits of this idea right where are the natural this idea right where are the natural this idea right where are the natural boundaries that you're trying to boundaries that you're trying to boundaries that you're trying to establish here well that's where establish here well that's where establish here well that's where Alexander's psychology once again is Alexander's psychology once again is Alexander's psychology once again is going to come into play the man who can going to come into play the man who can going to come into play the man who can feel the hand of Destiny on his feel the hand of Destiny on his feel the hand of Destiny on his shoulders who was infused both by the shoulders who was infused both by the shoulders who was infused both by the environment in which he grew up in but environment in which he grew up in but environment in which he grew up in but also by the teachings of Aristotle on also by the teachings of Aristotle on also by the teachings of Aristotle on the subject of er to try to be the best the subject of er to try to be the best the subject of er to try to be the best at whatever you try to do and then he's at whatever you try to do and then he's at whatever you try to do and then he's got this uh Icarus and the sun potential got this uh Icarus and the sun potential got this uh Icarus and the sun potential relationship with the idea of relationship with the idea of relationship with the idea of ambition and he may already be ambition and he may already be ambition and he may already be entertaining the idea that he might be entertaining the idea that he might be entertaining the idea that he might be the son of a god it's all a very the son of a god it's all a very the son of a god it's all a very interesting mixture of stuff that's interesting mixture of stuff that's interesting mixture of stuff that's going to lead us into some of the going to lead us into some of the going to lead us into some of the greatest battles in all greatest battles in all greatest battles in all history all that and more in part three history all that and more in part three history all that and more in part three of mania for subjugation I have some sad news to pass subjugation I have some sad news to pass along if you hadn't heard it already along if you hadn't heard it already along if you hadn't heard it already through one of our other informational through one of our other informational through one of our other informational channels in September We unexpectedly channels in September We unexpectedly channels in September We unexpectedly and tragically lost our artist of 18 and tragically lost our artist of 18 and tragically lost our artist of 18 some years the fabulous Nick lay he was some years the fabulous Nick lay he was some years the fabulous Nick lay he was only in his early 40s and so it was a only in his early 40s and so it was a only in his early 40s and so it was a complete shock to us um and obviously complete shock to us um and obviously complete shock to us um and obviously hit us on so many levels right personal hit us on so many levels right personal hit us on so many levels right personal business everything you can think business everything you can think business everything you can think of uh when we lost the fabulous Bill

of uh when we lost the fabulous Bill of uh when we lost the fabulous Bill Barrett we did an Barrett we did an Barrett we did an audio uh program on the Hardcore History audio uh program on the Hardcore History audio uh program on the Hardcore History addendum feed where we showcased his addendum feed where we showcased his addendum feed where we showcased his work right this he was an audio guy so work right this he was an audio guy so work right this he was an audio guy so the work was audio Nick is a visual guy the work was audio Nick is a visual guy the work was audio Nick is a visual guy or was a visual guy and so uh we uh did or was a visual guy and so uh we uh did or was a visual guy and so uh we uh did a substack post highlighting some of his a substack post highlighting some of his a substack post highlighting some of his work and how you know some of the more work and how you know some of the more work and how you know some of the more noted covers came to be and whatnot you noted covers came to be and whatnot you noted covers came to be and whatnot you can go over to substack dancarlin.com uh can go over to substack dancarlin.com uh can go over to substack dancarlin.com uh for free of course and uh and check out for free of course and uh and check out for free of course and uh and check out that story if you like and see you know that story if you like and see you know that story if you like and see you know some of the wonderful things Nick added some of the wonderful things Nick added some of the wonderful things Nick added to our work I we said if I was the to our work I we said if I was the to our work I we said if I was the hunter rest Thompson character in this hunter rest Thompson character in this hunter rest Thompson character in this relationship Nick was Ralph stemman and relationship Nick was Ralph stemman and relationship Nick was Ralph stemman and his Art became associated with what we his Art became associated with what we his Art became associated with what we did we love him we miss him we're still did we love him we miss him we're still did we love him we miss him we're still in shock and we had to Pivot quickly and in shock and we had to Pivot quickly and in shock and we had to Pivot quickly and and thank goodness we ran into Eric and thank goodness we ran into Eric and thank goodness we ran into Eric seers who has taken on the unenviable seers who has taken on the unenviable seers who has taken on the unenviable task of following a legend and somebody task of following a legend and somebody task of following a legend and somebody whose work is very closely associated whose work is very closely associated whose work is very closely associated with us I told Eric I compare it to with us I told Eric I compare it to with us I told Eric I compare it to having your favorite comic book uh having your favorite comic book uh having your favorite comic book uh losing its artist and having to now have losing its artist and having to now have losing its artist and having to now have another artist come and pick up the book another artist come and pick up the book another artist come and pick up the book from where the last artist left off and from where the last artist left off and from where the last artist left off and it's hard to get used to initially but it's hard to get used to initially but it's hard to get used to initially but over time you look back and you just over time you look back and you just over time you look back and you just refer to the first era as a associated refer to the first era as a associated refer to the first era as a associated with other the nicklay era and now a new with other the nicklay era and now a new with other the nicklay era and now a new era begins and um you know we think of era begins and um you know we think of era begins and um you know we think of Nick fonley we miss him and we send our Nick fonley we miss him and we send our Nick fonley we miss him and we send our love to his family