The Fine-Tuning of the Universe for Life

There's this suggestion by some that if There's this suggestion by some that if there is a god, he's wasted a whole lot there is a god, he's wasted a whole lot there is a god, he's wasted a whole lot of space because he's made the universe of space because he's made the universe of space because he's made the universe really quite large. So, touch on each of really quite large. So, touch on each of really quite large. So, touch on each of these things if you could. these things if you could. these things if you could. >> Yeah, that's what most of the new book >> Yeah, that's what most of the new book >> Yeah, that's what most of the new book is devoted to cuz when we came out with is devoted to cuz when we came out with is devoted to cuz when we came out with lights in the sky and little green men, lights in the sky and little green men, lights in the sky and little green men, I was thinking, well, for sure belief I was thinking, well, for sure belief I was thinking, well, for sure belief that we're being visited by aliens on that we're being visited by aliens on that we're being visited by aliens on spaceships, that belief is going to spaceships, that belief is going to spaceships, that belief is going to plummet. It's going to go down to zero. plummet. It's going to go down to zero. plummet. It's going to go down to zero. instead it's gone the other way around. instead it's gone the other way around. instead it's gone the other way around. So what we're doing in this new book is So what we're doing in this new book is So what we're doing in this new book is basically demonstrating hey uh the basically demonstrating hey uh the basically demonstrating hey uh the possibility of interstellar space travel possibility of interstellar space travel possibility of interstellar space travel uh that can't happen. We well it can is uh that can't happen. We well it can is uh that can't happen. We well it can is your spaceships are tiny enough but they your spaceships are tiny enough but they your spaceships are tiny enough but they have to be really tiny. The tiny you have to be really tiny. The tiny you have to be really tiny. The tiny you know like the size of a toothpick and so know like the size of a toothpick and so know like the size of a toothpick and so and then when you look at the and then when you look at the and then when you look at the characteristics you need for life it's characteristics you need for life it's characteristics you need for life it's not just a liquid water habitable zone. not just a liquid water habitable zone. not just a liquid water habitable zone. And I think that's the myth that the And I think that's the myth that the And I think that's the myth that the public has heard as being promoted by public has heard as being promoted by public has heard as being promoted by institutions like NASA. If you got institutions like NASA. If you got institutions like NASA. If you got liquid water, you're going to have life.

liquid water, you're going to have life. liquid water, you're going to have life. Well, the truth is liquid water is only Well, the truth is liquid water is only Well, the truth is liquid water is only one of many, many uh characteristics one of many, many uh characteristics one of many, many uh characteristics that must be fine-tuned for life to that must be fine-tuned for life to that must be fine-tuned for life to exist. So, most of this new book is exist. So, most of this new book is exist. So, most of this new book is devoted to looking at all the different devoted to looking at all the different devoted to looking at all the different habitable zones. And the liquid water habitable zones. And the liquid water habitable zones. And the liquid water habitable zone is the most generous of habitable zone is the most generous of habitable zone is the most generous of all the no inhabitable zones. And I all the no inhabitable zones. And I all the no inhabitable zones. And I think the book has 23 distinct habitable think the book has 23 distinct habitable think the book has 23 distinct habitable zones. Uh we have, you know, 14 for the zones. Uh we have, you know, 14 for the zones. Uh we have, you know, 14 for the earth, uh five for the moon, we got the earth, uh five for the moon, we got the earth, uh five for the moon, we got the sun, we got our galaxy. It all adds up sun, we got our galaxy. It all adds up sun, we got our galaxy. It all adds up to 23 known habitable zones. And for a to 23 known habitable zones. And for a to 23 known habitable zones. And for a planet to be truly habitable, it must planet to be truly habitable, it must planet to be truly habitable, it must simultaneously reside in all 23 simultaneously reside in all 23 simultaneously reside in all 23 knabitable zones. and a gym about uh you knabitable zones. and a gym about uh you knabitable zones. and a gym about uh you know every three months we find a new know every three months we find a new know every three months we find a new one. So the list keeps getting bigger one. So the list keeps getting bigger one. So the list keeps getting bigger and bigger. So I would predict that hey and bigger. So I would predict that hey and bigger. So I would predict that hey if we were to have this interview a year if we were to have this interview a year if we were to have this interview a year from now we're going to be looking at 26 from now we're going to be looking at 26 from now we're going to be looking at 26 habitable zones because we keep habitable zones because we keep habitable zones because we keep discovering new ones. Uh so for example discovering new ones. Uh so for example discovering new ones. Uh so for example for life to be possible in a planet it for life to be possible in a planet it for life to be possible in a planet it has to have liquid water that's there in has to have liquid water that's there in has to have liquid water that's there in a stable form not just there a stable form not just there a stable form not just there ephemerally. It's got to be there for a ephemerally. It's got to be there for a ephemerally. It's got to be there for a while and it has to cover a significant while and it has to cover a significant while and it has to cover a significant portion of the planet for light to be portion of the planet for light to be portion of the planet for light to be possible. But also that planet has to be possible. But also that planet has to be possible. But also that planet has to be the ultraviolet habitable zone. I mean the ultraviolet habitable zone. I mean the ultraviolet habitable zone. I mean as a chemist you know that you need as a chemist you know that you need as a chemist you know that you need ultraviolet radiation to produce some ultraviolet radiation to produce some ultraviolet radiation to produce some crucial proteins that life needs. So if

crucial proteins that life needs. So if crucial proteins that life needs. So if you don't have a little bit of you don't have a little bit of you don't have a little bit of ultraviolet radiation uh you're not ultraviolet radiation uh you're not ultraviolet radiation uh you're not going to get life. uh but if you got too going to get life. uh but if you got too going to get life. uh but if you got too much especially short ultraviolet much especially short ultraviolet much especially short ultraviolet radiation you're not going to have life radiation you're not going to have life radiation you're not going to have life at all and that uh ultraviolet habitable at all and that uh ultraviolet habitable at all and that uh ultraviolet habitable zone is far narrower than the liquid zone is far narrower than the liquid zone is far narrower than the liquid water habitable zone and only a few% of water habitable zone and only a few% of water habitable zone and only a few% of stars simultaneously are capable of stars simultaneously are capable of stars simultaneously are capable of having a planet that's in both zones. having a planet that's in both zones. having a planet that's in both zones. And uh if you look at all 23 habitable And uh if you look at all 23 habitable And uh if you look at all 23 habitable zones, there's only one planet we know zones, there's only one planet we know zones, there's only one planet we know of that exists in more than three of of that exists in more than three of of that exists in more than three of those habitable zones. And your those habitable zones. And your those habitable zones. And your listeners and viewers can guess which listeners and viewers can guess which listeners and viewers can guess which planet that is. planet that is. planet that is. >> Let me just help them. That's planet >> Let me just help them. That's planet >> Let me just help them. That's planet Earth. Earth. Earth. >> Yes. Yeah. I mean, just the fact that >> Yes. Yeah. I mean, just the fact that >> Yes. Yeah. I mean, just the fact that the moon has to be exactly the way it the moon has to be exactly the way it the moon has to be exactly the way it is. And you know, and I I tell my is. And you know, and I I tell my is. And you know, and I I tell my friends, I have a lot of friends that friends, I have a lot of friends that friends, I have a lot of friends that are doing search for extraterrestrial are doing search for extraterrestrial are doing search for extraterrestrial intelligent life. And it's like, well, intelligent life. And it's like, well, intelligent life. And it's like, well, if the planet's not orbiting a special if the planet's not orbiting a special if the planet's not orbiting a special kind of star, there's no way you can kind of star, there's no way you can kind of star, there's no way you can have advanced life on any conceivable have advanced life on any conceivable have advanced life on any conceivable planet orbiting that star. And the planet orbiting that star. And the planet orbiting that star. And the advantage is stars are much easier to advantage is stars are much easier to advantage is stars are much easier to measure than planets. And all the measure than planets. And all the measure than planets. And all the research effort seems to be focused on research effort seems to be focused on research effort seems to be focused on trying to find a habitable planet. It's trying to find a habitable planet. It's trying to find a habitable planet. It's way easier. Let's just see if we can way easier. Let's just see if we can way easier. Let's just see if we can find a star that's sufficiently like the find a star that's sufficiently like the find a star that's sufficiently like the sun that it could be a candidate to have sun that it could be a candidate to have sun that it could be a candidate to have a planet going around it that could a planet going around it that could a planet going around it that could conceivably have advanced life on it.

conceivably have advanced life on it. conceivably have advanced life on it. Well, for 70 years, astronomers have Well, for 70 years, astronomers have Well, for 70 years, astronomers have been scouring our galaxy trying to find been scouring our galaxy trying to find been scouring our galaxy trying to find a star sufficiently like the sun that it a star sufficiently like the sun that it a star sufficiently like the sun that it could be a candidate to have a planet could be a candidate to have a planet could be a candidate to have a planet orbiting it in which advanced life is orbiting it in which advanced life is orbiting it in which advanced life is possible. what they discovered in those possible. what they discovered in those possible. what they discovered in those 70 years. A lot of stars are twins of 70 years. A lot of stars are twins of 70 years. A lot of stars are twins of one another, but our sun has no twin. one another, but our sun has no twin. one another, but our sun has no twin. So, it's like we're wasting our time and So, it's like we're wasting our time and So, it's like we're wasting our time and money searching for extraterrestrial money searching for extraterrestrial money searching for extraterrestrial life on these planets when we already life on these planets when we already life on these planets when we already know that the star rules out advanced know that the star rules out advanced know that the star rules out advanced life on those five planets. Why does a life on those five planets. Why does a life on those five planets. Why does a twin rule it out? Explain that to us. If twin rule it out? Explain that to us. If twin rule it out? Explain that to us. If you do not believe [music] in the you do not believe [music] in the you do not believe [music] in the physical resurrection of Jesus Christ, physical resurrection of Jesus Christ, physical resurrection of Jesus Christ, send me an email tour.org [music] and we will get together and I will and we will get together and I will share with you about why I embrace the share with you about why I embrace the share with you about why I embrace the resurrection of Jesus. Well, for resurrection of Jesus. Well, for resurrection of Jesus. Well, for example, uh if the flaring activity of example, uh if the flaring activity of example, uh if the flaring activity of the star is too intense, that's going to the star is too intense, that's going to the star is too intense, that's going to rule out advanced life on a planet, any rule out advanced life on a planet, any rule out advanced life on a planet, any planet orbiting it. or if the star has planet orbiting it. or if the star has planet orbiting it. or if the star has luminosity instability that's too great, luminosity instability that's too great, luminosity instability that's too great, the climate's going to be changing too the climate's going to be changing too the climate's going to be changing too rapidly uh for advanced life. And the rapidly uh for advanced life. And the rapidly uh for advanced life. And the more advanced the life form is, the more more advanced the life form is, the more more advanced the life form is, the more sensitive it is to the radiation coming sensitive it is to the radiation coming sensitive it is to the radiation coming out of that star. And for example, you out of that star. And for example, you out of that star. And for example, you need the star to have a stellar wind need the star to have a stellar wind need the star to have a stellar wind strong enough to prevent deadly cosmic strong enough to prevent deadly cosmic strong enough to prevent deadly cosmic radiation coming into the planet

radiation coming into the planet radiation coming into the planet surface, but you don't want the solar surface, but you don't want the solar surface, but you don't want the solar radiation to be so intense that it radiation to be so intense that it radiation to be so intense that it causes a problem. And so our star that causes a problem. And so our star that causes a problem. And so our star that our sun is fine-tuned in multiple ways our sun is fine-tuned in multiple ways our sun is fine-tuned in multiple ways to make advanced life possible. And you to make advanced life possible. And you to make advanced life possible. And you know, if you're talking about just know, if you're talking about just know, if you're talking about just bacteria, then you got a more generous bacteria, then you got a more generous bacteria, then you got a more generous possibility for those bacteria to exist, possibility for those bacteria to exist, possibility for those bacteria to exist, especially if you're only looking for especially if you're only looking for especially if you're only looking for bacteria to be able to survive for 3 bacteria to be able to survive for 3 bacteria to be able to survive for 3 months or less. But if you want months or less. But if you want months or less. But if you want creatures like us, the finetuning is creatures like us, the finetuning is creatures like us, the finetuning is orders and orders of magnitude more orders and orders of magnitude more orders and orders of magnitude more constraining than is the case for constraining than is the case for constraining than is the case for bacteria. But even in the case of bacteria. But even in the case of bacteria. But even in the case of bacteria, the discipline of astrobiology bacteria, the discipline of astrobiology bacteria, the discipline of astrobiology has a distinction of being the only has a distinction of being the only has a distinction of being the only datafree science. They've been searching datafree science. They've been searching datafree science. They've been searching for decades for the remnants of life for decades for the remnants of life for decades for the remnants of life elsewhere uh beyond Earth. Uh they elsewhere uh beyond Earth. Uh they elsewhere uh beyond Earth. Uh they haven't found any yet. So it's a haven't found any yet. So it's a haven't found any yet. So it's a datafree discipline. Uh but Jim, I've datafree discipline. Uh but Jim, I've datafree discipline. Uh but Jim, I've been on record since the 1980s. We will been on record since the 1980s. We will been on record since the 1980s. We will find the remains of life on every solar find the remains of life on every solar find the remains of life on every solar system body except for the sun, of system body except for the sun, of system body except for the sun, of course. And that's just because Earth course. And that's just because Earth course. And that's just because Earth has had so much life on it for so long has had so much life on it for so long has had so much life on it for so long that when meteors strike our planet, it that when meteors strike our planet, it that when meteors strike our planet, it causes Earth's soil to be exported causes Earth's soil to be exported causes Earth's soil to be exported throughout interplanetary space. And I throughout interplanetary space. And I throughout interplanetary space. And I have colleagues uh who have calculated have colleagues uh who have calculated have colleagues uh who have calculated how much Earth material is on the how much Earth material is on the how much Earth material is on the surface of the moon. It adds up to surface of the moon. It adds up to surface of the moon. It adds up to 20,000 kilograms for every 100 square 20,000 kilograms for every 100 square 20,000 kilograms for every 100 square kilometers. So, I'm hoping with all this

kilometers. So, I'm hoping with all this kilometers. So, I'm hoping with all this effort to return to the moon, uh, that effort to return to the moon, uh, that effort to return to the moon, uh, that they'll be in fact, I got to speak at they'll be in fact, I got to speak at they'll be in fact, I got to speak at NASA Houston many years ago and told NASA Houston many years ago and told NASA Houston many years ago and told them we need to go back to the moon and them we need to go back to the moon and them we need to go back to the moon and find the fossils of Earth's first life find the fossils of Earth's first life find the fossils of Earth's first life because they don't exist on planet because they don't exist on planet because they don't exist on planet Earth. Our geology destroyed those Earth. Our geology destroyed those Earth. Our geology destroyed those fossils, but they're there on the moon. fossils, but they're there on the moon. fossils, but they're there on the moon. And we can find out who got it right. And we can find out who got it right. And we can find out who got it right. Was Earth's first life like the theists Was Earth's first life like the theists Was Earth's first life like the theists believe it is, or is it like the believe it is, or is it like the believe it is, or is it like the atheists believe it is? And I remember atheists believe it is? And I remember atheists believe it is? And I remember lecturing to the NASA scientists there lecturing to the NASA scientists there lecturing to the NASA scientists there saying, "Last time I checked, the US saying, "Last time I checked, the US saying, "Last time I checked, the US taxpayer base was 100% comprised of taxpayer base was 100% comprised of taxpayer base was 100% comprised of theists and atheists." So, you can go to theists and atheists." So, you can go to theists and atheists." So, you can go to the moon and determine who got it right, the moon and determine who got it right, the moon and determine who got it right, the atheists or the theists. When you the atheists or the theists. When you the atheists or the theists. When you say who got it right, you're saying that say who got it right, you're saying that say who got it right, you're saying that that that the that the earliest forms of that that the that the earliest forms of that that the that the earliest forms of life that we would find residually from life that we would find residually from life that we would find residually from the earth that is now on the moon would the earth that is now on the moon would the earth that is now on the moon would be very similar in structure to the be very similar in structure to the be very similar in structure to the simplest life we have today. simplest life we have today. simplest life we have today. >> Well, uh the atheist model is basically >> Well, uh the atheist model is basically >> Well, uh the atheist model is basically saying yes there will be bacteria that saying yes there will be bacteria that saying yes there will be bacteria that arises from naturalistically arises from naturalistically arises from naturalistically uh but it's going to be smaller than a uh but it's going to be smaller than a uh but it's going to be smaller than a tenth of a micron across. is going to tenth of a micron across. is going to tenth of a micron across. is going to have very few gene elements in it. Uh have very few gene elements in it. Uh have very few gene elements in it. Uh whereas theists make the prediction, whereas theists make the prediction, whereas theists make the prediction, hey, God's involved. He creates an hey, God's involved. He creates an hey, God's involved. He creates an ecology of bacteria. They're going to be ecology of bacteria. They're going to be ecology of bacteria. They're going to be tiny ones. There's going to be big ones.

tiny ones. There's going to be big ones. tiny ones. There's going to be big ones. There's going to be a diversity of There's going to be a diversity of There's going to be a diversity of bacteria. Well, we can go to the moon bacteria. Well, we can go to the moon bacteria. Well, we can go to the moon and see who got it right. Are the and see who got it right. Are the and see who got it right. Are the fossils that we see on the moon a verse fossils that we see on the moon a verse fossils that we see on the moon a verse first life show a an ecological first life show a an ecological first life show a an ecological diversity? Are we seeing bacteria micron diversity? Are we seeing bacteria micron diversity? Are we seeing bacteria micron in size and bigger or all are we finding in size and bigger or all are we finding in size and bigger or all are we finding are things that are tinier than a tenth are things that are tinier than a tenth are things that are tinier than a tenth of a micron and only one species? of a micron and only one species? of a micron and only one species? >> So around our earth we have to have some >> So around our earth we have to have some >> So around our earth we have to have some some sort of belt around our earth that some sort of belt around our earth that some sort of belt around our earth that that protects us from from really that protects us from from really that protects us from from really degrading uh uh radiation that could degrading uh uh radiation that could degrading uh uh radiation that could come in but it can't block us from other come in but it can't block us from other come in but it can't block us from other radiation that needs to come in. So that radiation that needs to come in. So that radiation that needs to come in. So that has to have it its perfect thing. You has to have it its perfect thing. You has to have it its perfect thing. You have to have this stability in our sun have to have this stability in our sun have to have this stability in our sun which the sun didn't always have. Uh but which the sun didn't always have. Uh but which the sun didn't always have. Uh but it's we're we're in a window where where it's we're we're in a window where where it's we're we're in a window where where there is this this stability and then we there is this this stability and then we there is this this stability and then we have to be in a galaxy that that in a have to be in a galaxy that that in a have to be in a galaxy that that in a just right place in a galaxy and then just right place in a galaxy and then just right place in a galaxy and then and then the vastness of the universe and then the vastness of the universe and then the vastness of the universe has to be there as well. So tell me a has to be there as well. So tell me a has to be there as well. So tell me a little bit now about the galaxy little bit now about the galaxy little bit now about the galaxy challenge and the the bigness of the challenge and the the bigness of the challenge and the the bigness of the universe. Well, there are a number of universe. Well, there are a number of universe. Well, there are a number of non-theistic scientists who said, "Hey, non-theistic scientists who said, "Hey, non-theistic scientists who said, "Hey, if we're the only life form in the if we're the only life form in the if we're the only life form in the universe, the universe is a huge waste universe, the universe is a huge waste universe, the universe is a huge waste of space and time." Well, actually, of space and time." Well, actually, of space and time." Well, actually, that's not correct. Uh, if you want the that's not correct. Uh, if you want the that's not correct. Uh, if you want the periodic table, the universe has to be a periodic table, the universe has to be a periodic table, the universe has to be a very uh fine-tuned mass. If you make the

very uh fine-tuned mass. If you make the very uh fine-tuned mass. If you make the universe the tiniest bit less massive, universe the tiniest bit less massive, universe the tiniest bit less massive, uh then in the big bang creation event, uh then in the big bang creation event, uh then in the big bang creation event, all you're going to get is hydrogen and all you're going to get is hydrogen and all you're going to get is hydrogen and a little bit of helium. And if you only a little bit of helium. And if you only a little bit of helium. And if you only have a little bit of helium and stars have a little bit of helium and stars have a little bit of helium and stars form, the nuclear furnaces of those form, the nuclear furnaces of those form, the nuclear furnaces of those stars will be unable to make any stars will be unable to make any stars will be unable to make any elements heavier than helium, which elements heavier than helium, which elements heavier than helium, which would sure make passing a chemistry would sure make passing a chemistry would sure make passing a chemistry class easy. All you got is hydrogen and class easy. All you got is hydrogen and class easy. All you got is hydrogen and helium, and only three molecules are helium, and only three molecules are helium, and only three molecules are possible. So, uh, that would make your possible. So, uh, that would make your possible. So, uh, that would make your job a lot easier, Jim, but you wouldn't job a lot easier, Jim, but you wouldn't job a lot easier, Jim, but you wouldn't be here. On the other hand, make the be here. On the other hand, make the be here. On the other hand, make the universe a tiny bit more massive. Then, universe a tiny bit more massive. Then, universe a tiny bit more massive. Then, so much helium is produced in the first so much helium is produced in the first so much helium is produced in the first few minutes after the cosmic creation few minutes after the cosmic creation few minutes after the cosmic creation event that when stars form with that event that when stars form with that event that when stars form with that rich mixture of helium, they quickly rich mixture of helium, they quickly rich mixture of helium, they quickly convert all the elements in the universe convert all the elements in the universe convert all the elements in the universe into elements that are iron or heavier into elements that are iron or heavier into elements that are iron or heavier than iron. Notice in both cases you get than iron. Notice in both cases you get than iron. Notice in both cases you get a universe with no carbon, no oxygen, no a universe with no carbon, no oxygen, no a universe with no carbon, no oxygen, no nitrogen and no possibility for life.

nitrogen and no possibility for life. nitrogen and no possibility for life. Change the mass of the universe by as Change the mass of the universe by as Change the mass of the universe by as little as one part and 10 the 60th as little as one part and 10 the 60th as little as one part and 10 the 60th as little as one part and a quadrillion little as one part and a quadrillion little as one part and a quadrillion quadrillion quadrillion quadrillion. quadrillion quadrillion quadrillion. quadrillion quadrillion quadrillion. There'd be no possibility for life in There'd be no possibility for life in There'd be no possibility for life in the universe. Now the mass has to be the universe. Now the mass has to be the universe. Now the mass has to be very fine-tuned. So does the size. You very fine-tuned. So does the size. You very fine-tuned. So does the size. You need the universe expanding at the just need the universe expanding at the just need the universe expanding at the just right rate for a just right time so that right rate for a just right time so that right rate for a just right time so that the galaxies are the right distance the galaxies are the right distance the galaxies are the right distance apart from one another and the stars are apart from one another and the stars are apart from one another and the stars are the right distance apart one another. If the right distance apart one another. If the right distance apart one another. If they're too far apart uh too quickly, they're too far apart uh too quickly, they're too far apart uh too quickly, you're not going to get the heavy you're not going to get the heavy you're not going to get the heavy elements you need for life to exist. Uh elements you need for life to exist. Uh elements you need for life to exist. Uh but if they expand too slowly and the but if they expand too slowly and the but if they expand too slowly and the stars are too close together, then you stars are too close together, then you stars are too close together, then you got deadly radiation problems. So the got deadly radiation problems. So the got deadly radiation problems. So the universe is a precisely fine-tuned size universe is a precisely fine-tuned size universe is a precisely fine-tuned size and a fine-tuned mass. And you know you and a fine-tuned mass. And you know you and a fine-tuned mass. And you know you made the point we had to be at a certain made the point we had to be at a certain made the point we had to be at a certain position or galaxy what's called the co- position or galaxy what's called the co- position or galaxy what's called the co- rotation distance uh where our solar rotation distance uh where our solar rotation distance uh where our solar system would be crossing spiral arms system would be crossing spiral arms system would be crossing spiral arms only about once every a half billion only about once every a half billion only about once every a half billion years. And uh there's only one distance years. And uh there's only one distance years. And uh there's only one distance from the center of the galaxy where that from the center of the galaxy where that from the center of the galaxy where that happens where you don't run into happens where you don't run into happens where you don't run into problems of crossing spiral arms too problems of crossing spiral arms too problems of crossing spiral arms too quickly. Uh but our galaxy also has to quickly. Uh but our galaxy also has to quickly. Uh but our galaxy also has to be in a fine-tuned position. Our galaxy be in a fine-tuned position. Our galaxy be in a fine-tuned position. Our galaxy has to exist in a place in the universe has to exist in a place in the universe has to exist in a place in the universe that's under dense with galaxies and that's under dense with galaxies and that's under dense with galaxies and where we're nowhere near any dangerous where we're nowhere near any dangerous where we're nowhere near any dangerous super massive black holes. I mean, all

super massive black holes. I mean, all super massive black holes. I mean, all galaxies have these black holes that are galaxies have these black holes that are galaxies have these black holes that are a million times more massive than our a million times more massive than our a million times more massive than our star of the sun. The interesting thing star of the sun. The interesting thing star of the sun. The interesting thing is the black hole in the center of our is the black hole in the center of our is the black hole in the center of our galaxy is about 40 times too small for galaxy is about 40 times too small for galaxy is about 40 times too small for the size of the galaxy. It's the only the size of the galaxy. It's the only the size of the galaxy. It's the only spiral galaxy we know of that's like spiral galaxy we know of that's like spiral galaxy we know of that's like that. And right now, uh, it's in an that. And right now, uh, it's in an that. And right now, uh, it's in an extremely quiet phase. So, there's no extremely quiet phase. So, there's no extremely quiet phase. So, there's no deadly radiation coming out of the black deadly radiation coming out of the black deadly radiation coming out of the black hole. Now the Andromeda galaxy is 2 and hole. Now the Andromeda galaxy is 2 and hole. Now the Andromeda galaxy is 2 and a half million years away. Its black a half million years away. Its black a half million years away. Its black hole is 40 times bigger than the one in hole is 40 times bigger than the one in hole is 40 times bigger than the one in our galaxy. Uh but it also currently is our galaxy. Uh but it also currently is our galaxy. Uh but it also currently is in a very quiet phase. And the amazing in a very quiet phase. And the amazing in a very quiet phase. And the amazing thing is all the nearby galaxies their thing is all the nearby galaxies their thing is all the nearby galaxies their super massive black holes are super massive black holes are super massive black holes are simultaneously in the quietest possible simultaneously in the quietest possible simultaneously in the quietest possible phase they could be. And I would argue phase they could be. And I would argue phase they could be. And I would argue that's no coincidence. maybe one or two, that's no coincidence. maybe one or two, that's no coincidence. maybe one or two, but when all of them are in extremely but when all of them are in extremely but when all of them are in extremely quiet phase, then the really deadly one quiet phase, then the really deadly one quiet phase, then the really deadly one that's at the center of the Virgo that's at the center of the Virgo that's at the center of the Virgo cluster, uh it's deadly radiation jets cluster, uh it's deadly radiation jets cluster, uh it's deadly radiation jets are pointed away from us at this time.

are pointed away from us at this time. are pointed away from us at this time. So on multiple size scales, we can see So on multiple size scales, we can see So on multiple size scales, we can see that we're in a just right position. In that we're in a just right position. In that we're in a just right position. In fact, even our galaxy cluster is in the fact, even our galaxy cluster is in the fact, even our galaxy cluster is in the just right position in the universe. I just right position in the universe. I just right position in the universe. I describe all this in a book called describe all this in a book called describe all this in a book called Design to the Core. how no matter what Design to the Core. how no matter what Design to the Core. how no matter what size scale you look at in terms of the size scale you look at in terms of the size scale you look at in terms of the universe, each size scale is incredibly universe, each size scale is incredibly universe, each size scale is incredibly fine-tuned to make advanced life fine-tuned to make advanced life fine-tuned to make advanced life possible here on Earth. The whole possible here on Earth. The whole possible here on Earth. The whole universe has to be fine-tuned for us to universe has to be fine-tuned for us to universe has to be fine-tuned for us to exist here. exist here. exist here. >> Okay. So, Hugh, this this is this is >> Okay. So, Hugh, this this is this is >> Okay. So, Hugh, this this is this is great because what you'd have done is great because what you'd have done is great because what you'd have done is you've showed how difficult it would be you've showed how difficult it would be you've showed how difficult it would be to have life in another place. how to have life in another place. how to have life in another place. how difficult it would be because when when difficult it would be because when when difficult it would be because when when you consider our our our earth, when you you consider our our our earth, when you you consider our our our earth, when you consider our moon, you consider our sun, consider our moon, you consider our sun, consider our moon, you consider our sun, our galaxy, and our our place in that our galaxy, and our our place in that our galaxy, and our our place in that galaxy in the universe, all of this had galaxy in the universe, all of this had galaxy in the universe, all of this had to be fine-tuned. So, if you're going to to be fine-tuned. So, if you're going to to be fine-tuned. So, if you're going to say life happens all over, uh there's say life happens all over, uh there's say life happens all over, uh there's just not this finetuning. So, you've just not this finetuning. So, you've just not this finetuning. So, you've established that. Thank you for joining established that. Thank you for joining established that. Thank you for joining me today. If you could give us a like, me today. If you could give us a like, me today. If you could give us a like, share, or podcast review, we [music] share, or podcast review, we [music] share, or podcast review, we [music] would appreciate it. If you have any would appreciate it. If you have any would appreciate it. If you have any questions, you could send them to questions, you could send them to questions, you could send them to [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [music] [music] [music] and we'll try to answer some of those and we'll try to answer some of those and we'll try to answer some of those questions in an upcoming video. And if questions in an upcoming video. And if questions in an upcoming video. And if [music] you do not believe in the [music] you do not believe in the [music] you do not believe in the physical resurrection of Jesus Christ physical resurrection of Jesus Christ physical resurrection of Jesus Christ and you want to hear about why I and you want to hear about why I and you want to hear about why I believe, send me [music] an email to believe, send me [music] an email to believe, send me [music] an email to tour drsour.org tour drsour.org tour drsour.org or and we'll get together by Zoom and or and we'll get together by Zoom and or and we'll get together by Zoom and I'll share with you why I [music]

I'll share with you why I [music] I'll share with you why I [music] embrace the resurrection of Jesus